cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychoeducational courses for a nonpatient clientele at a mental health center.

The current data suggest that psychoeducational course offerings can significantly broaden a community mental health center's clientele and service impact. The phenomenon would appear to be partially attributable to the different demand characteristics inhenent in the student as opposed to patient role. In this sense, psychoeducational courses are couched in the idiom of competence and self-fulfillment rather than illness or pathology and thus may facilitate the entry of clients who might otherwise be reluctant to seek services (8). The relatively short-term, time-limited involvement demanded by enrollment in such courses would also appear to play an important role in enhancing positive attitudes toward entry among clients (9). Given the loss of federal seed money and current cutbacks in local, state, and county funding for serving socioeconomically disadvantaged clients, many community mental health centers are facing a critical need to make more cost-effective use of staff resources, to broaden their cl...
Design of reliable systems using static and dynamic fault trees

The design process of a reliable system is, by nature, iterative. Traditional approaches to the design of a reliable system follow the requirement determination, preliminary design, analysis, evaluation, and redesign stages until what is regarded as an acceptable design is achieved. The system requirements typically consist of requirements on reliability, cost, weight, power consumption, physical size, etc. Within available resources, there can exist numerous approaches that completely satisfy all the design requirements. However as modern systems are becoming more and more complex, it is difficult to enumerate all the acceptable designs to find the optimal design configuration. A design optimization tool is greatly needed. This paper embeds a genetic algorithm (GA) into a fault tree method to determine the heuristic optimal design configuration of a reliable system. For optimization, a fault tree which can represent the failure causes of potential designs is used. Two new gates (CHO & RED) are introduced in this research. GA are developed and integrated into a fault-tree solver to find the optimal design. Improvement techniques to accelerate GA convergence and to avoid the GA-premature problem are implemented. Multi-objective optimization is discussed and methods for it are developed. Several techniques to accelerate the optimization process are implemented which appreciably reduce the calculation time. Simulation results show that the integration of GA optimization capabilities with fault-tree reliability-analysis provides a robust, powerful system-design tool. The methodology is applied to an example of a cardiac-assist system.
Human Trafficking and International Cheap Talk: The Dutch Government and the Island Territories

We use the lens of human trafficking to assess the distance between the public claims and the private domestic actions of a leader in the global human rights community. With this consideration of the variation between the anti-trafficking policies promoted by the Netherlands in the public international sphere and those policies implemented in Aruba and the Lesser Antilles, we bridge the gap between the literature on “cheap talk” and the emerging literature on human rights and human trafficking. We demonstrate that, although the Netherlands has been a leader in establishing public international commitments to battle human trafficking, it has failed to effectively address the issue in territory under its control. The international commitment of the Netherlands is not matched by domestic policy implementation in the Islands. This casts doubt on the sincerity of the commitment of the larger international community to combating trafficking and raises serious questions about the underlying reasons for the lack ...
Strength of Materials Based Prediction of Critical Stresses at the Proximal Femur: Validation by Finite Element Analysis

A small but significant fraction of screw placement in the proximal femur for hip fractures results in iatrogenic fractures associated with the screw hole [1]. There is evidence that the failure occurs under fatigue, and it is likely that those individuals experiencing failure have greater stresses in the proximal femur as dictated by key morphometric variables, such as cortical thickness and bone size. Finite element analysis (FEA) could greatly facilitate fracture risk assessment in the presurgical phase by predicting the local stresses, however, executing FEM in a patient customized fashion would be costly, time consuming, and technically difficult for surgeons to perform.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The role of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasmin activator inhibitor-1 on vein wall remodeling in experimental deep vein thrombosis.

Objective Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) resolution instigates an inflammatory response, resulting in vessel wall damage and scarring. Urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), are integral components of the fibrinolytic system, essential for venous thrombosis (VT) resolution. This study determined the vein wall response when exposed to increased and decreased plasmin activity. Methods A mouse inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation model in uPA −/− or PAI-1 −/− and their genetic wild types (B6/SvEv and C57/BL6, respectively) was used to create stasis thrombi, with tissue harvest at either 8 or 21 days. Tissue analysis included gene expression of vascular smooth muscle cells (alpha smooth muscle actin [αSMA], SM22) and endothelial marker (CD31), by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity by zymography, and vein wall collagen by picro-Sirius red histologic analysis. A P Results Thrombi were significantly larger in both 8-day and 21-day uPA −/− as compared with wild type (WT) and were significantly smaller in both 8-day and 21-day PAI-1 −/− as compared with WT. Correspondingly, 8-day plasmin levels were reduced in half in uPA −/− and increased three-fold in PAI-1 −/− when compared with respective WT thrombi ( P P = .02; n=5-6), suggesting less endothelial preservation. Vein wall vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) gene expression showed that 8-day and 21-day PAI-1 −/− mice had 2.3- and 3.8-fold more SM22 and 1.8- and 2.3-fold more αSMA expression than respective WT ( P P ≤ .05; n=3-5). No significant difference in MMP-2 or -9 activity was found in the PAI-1 −/− mice compared with WT, while 5.4-fold more MMP-9 was present in 21-day WT than 21-day uPA −/− ( P = .03; n=5). Lastly, collagen was ∼two-fold greater at 8 days in PAI-1 −/− IVC as compared with WT ( P = .03; n=6) with no differences observed in uPA −/− mice. Conclusions In stasis DVT, plasmin activity is critical for thrombus resolution. Divergent vein wall responses occur with gain or loss of plasmin activity, and despite smaller VT, greater vein wall fibrosis was associated with lack of PAI-1.
The Effect of Cocaine and its Metabolites on Sertoli Cell Function

AbstractPurpose: We determined the in vitro effects of cocaine and its 2 major metabolites, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine, on Sertoli cell function.Materials and Methods: Sertoli cells were isolated from 18 to 20-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Sertoli cells were incubated with 4 concentrations (6.25 × 10 sup −5, 2.5 × 10 sup −4, 1 × 10 sup −3 and 4 × 10 sup −3 M./l.) of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Transferrin and androgen-binding protein secretion was measured to determine the effect of cocaine and its metabolites on Sertoli cell function.Results: Cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine had the ability to decrease transferrin secretion. The 2 highest doses of cocaine (1 × 10 sup −3 and 4 × 10 sup −3 M./l.) significantly decreased transferrin production at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The effects of benzoylecgonine and ecgonine on transferrin production were less pronounced than those of cocaine. Androgen-binding protein secretion was also decreased by exposure to cocaine and its meta...
Resolving inflammation : dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators

Active resolution of acute inflammation is a previously unrecognized interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Once thought to be a passive process, the resolution of inflammation is now shown to involve active biochemical programmes that enable inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis. This Review presents new cellular and molecular mechanisms for the resolution of inflammation, revealing key roles for eicosanoids, such as lipoxins, and recently discovered families of endogenous chemical mediators, termed resolvins and protectins. These mediators have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties, thereby protecting organs from collateral damage, stimulating the clearance of inflammatory debris and promoting mucosal antimicrobial defence.
A time domain finite element model of extracellular neural stimulation predicts that non-rectangular stimulus waveforms may offer safety benefits

Efforts to understand and model the process of extracellular neural electric stimulation have been driven by the desire to intelligently design neural prostheses in order to minimize tissue damage and to maximize the success for stimulating targeted neural structures. Tissue damage and electrode corrosion have been associated with high charge density, which is the integral of the current density passing through the electrode surface over the duration of the stimulus. Importantly, the current density distribution on the surface of stimulating electrodes can be extremely nonuniform, especially when high voltages or frequencies cause a decrease in the electrode-electrolyte impedance. Large current densities are found locally in regions of high curvature, such as the edge of a disk electrode or the tip of a conical electrode. We use a time domain finite element model of a platinum disk electrode and a simplified retinal ganglion cell to explore the potential for Gaussian and sinusoidal voltage-controlled stimulus waveforms to reduce the nonuniformity of the current densities on the electrode surface while maintaining stimulation efficacy. We model an overpotential-dependent electrode-electrolyte interfacial impedance consistent with the platinum-saline interface. An excitable cell membrane is incorporated using the Fohlmeister-Coleman-Miller model of a retinal ganglion cell. Both the electrode-electrolyte interface and the cell membrane were incorporated into the finite element model using a thin layer approximation. All simulations were performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics modeling environment. Rectangular stimulus waveforms were compared to waveforms of Gaussian and sinusoidal shapes. The results suggest that Gaussian and Sinusoidal waveforms may significantly decrease the nonuniformity of the current density distribution while retaining stimulation efficacy.
Stress, Cognition, and Human Performance: A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

The following literature review addresses the effects of various stressors on cognition. While attempting to be as inclusive as possible, the review focuses its examination on the relationships between cognitive appraisal, attention, memory, and stress as they relate to information processing and human performance. The review begins with an overview of constructs and theoretical perspectives followed by an examination of effects across attention, memory, perceptual-motor functions, judgment and decision making, putative stressors such as workload, thermals, noise, and fatigue and closes with a discussion of moderating variables and related topics. In summation of the review, a conceptual framework for cognitive process under stress has been assembled. As one might imagine, the research literature that addresses stress, theories governing its effects on human performance, and experimental evidence that supports these notions is large and diverse. In attempting to organize and synthesize this body of work, I was guided by several earlier efforts (Bourne & Yaroush, 2003; Driskell, Mullen, Johnson, Hughes, & Batchelor, 1992; Driskell & Salas, 1996; Haridcock & Desmond, 2001; Stokes & Kite, 1994). These authors should be credited with accomplishing the monumental task of providing focused reviews in this area and their collective efforts laid the foundation for this present review. Similarly, the format of this review has been designed in accordance with these previous exemplars. However, each of these previous efforts either simply reported general findings, without sufficient experimental illustration, or narrowed their scope of investigation to the extent that the breadth of such findings remained hidden from the reader. Moreover, none of these examinations yielded an architecture that adequately describes or explains the inter-relations between information processing elements under stress conditions.
Structure–activity relationships for biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and excretion of atomically precise nanoclusters in a murine model

The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of inorganic nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters between 2 and 20 nm are presently unpredictable. It is unclear whether unpredictable in vivo properties and effects arise from a subset of molecules in a nanomaterials preparation, or if the ADME/PK properties are ensemble properties of an entire preparation. Here we characterize the ADME/PK properties of atomically precise preparations of ligand protected gold nanoclusters in a murine model system. We constructed atomistic models and tested in vivo properties for five well defined compounds, based on crystallographically resolved Au25(SR)18 and Au102(SR)44 nanoclusters with different (SR) ligand shells. To rationalize unexpected distribution and excretion properties observed for several clusters in this study and others, we defined a set of atomistic structure–activity relationships (SAR) for nanoparticles, which includes previously investigated parameters such as particle hydrodynamic diameter and net charge, and new parameters such as hydrophobic surface area and surface charge density. Overall we find that small changes in particle formulation can provoke dramatic yet potentially predictable changes in ADME/PK.
Rapid DFT-based variational image registration with sliding boundary conditions

This paper builds on the tradition of developing computationally efficient nonrigid registration techniques that are easy to implement. All of the standard approaches for variational registration must either implicitly or explicitly assume boundary conditions for the deformation field being sought. Unfortunately, the most commonly used boundary conditions (homogeneous Dirichlet, homogeneous Neumann, and periodic) are either inflexible, not physically meaningful, or introduce problems with changing boundaries. In this paper, we argue that the choice of sliding boundary conditions can be more flexible, more physically meaningful, and less problematic than other boundary conditions. In order to enable the practical implementation of registration with sliding boundary conditions, we present DFT-based algorithms for variational registration with any of the standard quadratic regularizers. Finally, we illustrate the impact of registration with sliding boundary conditions on axially truncated CT chest volumes.
The place of solar power: an economic analysis of concentrated and distributed solar power

This paper examines the cost and benefits, both financial and environmental, of two leading forms of solar power generation, grid-tied photovoltaic cells and Dish Stirling Systems, using conventional carbon-based fuel as a benchmark. First we define how these solar technologies will be implemented and why. Then we delineate a model city and its characteristics, which will be used to test the two methods of solar-powered electric distribution. Then we set the constraining assumptions for each technology, which serve as parameters for our calculations. Finally, we calculate the present value of the total cost of conventional energy needed to power our model city and use this as a benchmark when analyzing both solar models’ benefits and costs. The preeminent form of distributed electricity generation, grid-tied photovoltaic cells under net-metering, allow individual homeowners a degree of electric self-sufficiency while often turning a profit. However, substantial subsidies are required to make the investment sensible. Meanwhile, large dish Stirling engine installations have a significantly higher potential rate of return, but face a number of pragmatic limitations. This paper concludes that both technologies are a sensible investment for consumers, but given that the dish Stirling consumer receives 6.37 dollars per watt while the home photovoltaic system consumer receives between 0.9 and 1.70 dollars per watt, the former appears to be a superior option. Despite the large investment, this paper deduces that it is far more feasible to get few strong investors to develop a solar farm of this magnitude, than to get 150,000 households to install photovoltaic arrays in their roofs. Potential implications of the solar farm construction include an environmental impact given the size of land require for this endeavour. However, the positive aspects, which include a large CO2 emission reduction aggregated over the lifespan of the farm, outweigh any minor concerns or potential externalities.
Facial skeletal growth and timing of surgical intervention

Various forces and factors influence the development and maturation of the craniofacial skeleton. These encompass genetic and micro- and macro-environmental factors whose intricacies and interplay must be understood, recognized, and respected in the surgical planning and treatment of maxillofacial deformities. The theories of and experimentation with such factors, which dictate the timing of surgical intervention, are the focus of this article. The common procedures that make up the surgical armamentarium of the maxillofacial surgeon are catalogued in the setting of this developmental timeline.
High-power high-efficiency SiGe Ku- and Ka-band balanced frequency doublers

High-efficiency monolithic SiGe balanced frequency doublers have been developed for Ku- and Ka-band applications. A novel miniature second harmonic reflector is presented, and the impact of the parasitic inductor from emitter to ground is also explored to optimize the conversion efficiency of the doubler. The Ku-band design presents an output power of 5-6 dBm from 15.4-18 GHz for an input power of 1.5 dBm. DC power consumption is 28 mW and the corresponding power-added efficiency (PAE) is 9.2%. The Ka-band design demonstrates an output power of 10.5 dBm at 36 GHz for an input power of 6 dBm while consuming 114 mW of dc power, which results in a PAE of 6.4%. It also shows high spectral purity operation with the fundamental suppression of 35 dB. To our knowledge, these are the best results for active doublers using any technology
Cognitive screening in persons with chronic diseases in primary care: challenges and recommendations for practice

An integrative literature review was performed to identify the challenges in current cognitive screening. The aim of the review was to serve as an evaluative resource to guide clinicians in the selection of the best available cognitive screening measures for early assessment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in people with chronic diseases. The review classified the available cognitive screening measures according to purpose, time to administer, and cognitive domains assessed as: 1) simple/ brief cognitive screening measures, 2) disease specific screening measures, 3) domain specific screening measures, 4) self-administered screening measures, and 5) technology-based screening measures. There is no single optimal cognitive measure for all patient populations and settings. Although disease specific cognitive screening measures are optimal, there is a lack of validated screening measures for many chronic diseases. Technology-based screening measure is a promising avenue for increasing the accessibility of cognitive screening. Future work should focus on translating available screening measures to mobile technology format to enhance the utility in busy primary care settings. Early cognitive screening in persons with chronic disease should enhance appropriate referrals for detailed neurocognitive examination and cognitive interventions to preserve and or minimize cognitive decline.
Honey bees use social information in waggle dances more fully when foraging errors are more costly

Social animals can obtain valuable information from group members, but sometimes experience conflicts between this social information and personal information obtained through their own experience. Experienced honey bee foragers (Apis mellifera) have personal information about familiar food sources, and can also obtain social information by following waggle dances. However, it is unclear whether temporarily unemployed foragers whose visits to a food source have been interrupted make full use of social information from dancers or rely primarily on their own personal information to determine whether their familiar food source is active again. We hypothesized that experienced foragers should pay more attention to the social information in waggle dances when foraging errors that can arise from ignoring social information are more costly. We manipulated the cost of mistakenly flying to a familiar but unprofitable food source by training bees to visit feeders that were either close (100 m) or far (1000 m) from the hive and found that temporarily unemployed foragers who had been trained to forage at more distant feeders were more likely to pay attention to social information about food source location. Our findings demonstrate that experienced forager bees can flexibly alter the extent to which they rely on social, as opposed to personal, information and are more likely to fully utilize social information from dancers when foraging errors are more costly. Key words: Apis mellifera, communication, dance language, reactivation, social information, waggle dance. [Behav Ecol]
Effect of postoperative aspirin on outcomes in microvascular free tissue transfer surgery.

ObjectiveExamine if outcomes and complication rates for free flaps vary when postoperative aspirin is used as pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis compared with no anticoagulation.Study DesignCase seri...
Language in the Balance: Lexical Repetition as a Function of Topic, Cultural Background, and Writing Development

Writers' use of lexical repetition changes in relation to writing topic, cultural background, and development of writing ability. As the principal means of explicitly marking cohesion in a text, lexical repetition offers insight into how texts are structured and the balance of old and new information. Nonnative writers (134) from four cultural backgrounds (Arab, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish) and NS high school students (57) wrote a timed assessment essay on either a descriptive or a persuasive topic. Multiple regression analysis indicates that writing ability measures are the most important variables for predicting changes in repetition usage, with less significant effects found for topic and cultural background. Discussion focuses on how characteristics of learner texts change in relation to different combinations of the independent variables.
Utility of assay of alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in management of gestational, trophoblastic malignancies.

Abstract All patients who were treated with chemotherapy for malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasms at the Southeastern Regional Trophoblastic Disease Center and who experienced remission during the period January 1, 1978, through December 31, 1979, were studied in an attempt to determine if the application of an assay for the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-α) could predict those patients who would have recurrences. For each patient, the first three weekly serum samples with undetectable hCG by the hCG β-subunit radioimmunoassay as well as the two preceding samples with detectable hCG were assayed in a homologous hCG-α assay. Results reaffirm previous data that the latter assay is useful only in patients receiving oral contraceptives for suppression of pituitary gonadotropin secretion. No patient who has remained in remission had a mean level of hCG-α in the three hCG-negative samples greater than 1 ng/ml. Of those patients who had recurrences of trophoblastic disease, two of three had hCG-α levels greater than 1.5 ng/ml. Although these data are preliminary, they suggest that the routine measurement of hCG-α in patients successfully treated for trophoblastic disease may aid in identification of a group of patients who require additional or more intensive follow-up and/or additional chemotherapy to prevent later recurrences.
Beta blockers in cirrhosis: The window re-opens.

Non-selective beta blockers (NSBB) have been the mainstay of therapy for portal hypertension for the past 25 years, ever since Lebrec et al. demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that propranolol reduced portal pressure in 18 patients with cirrhosis and variceal hemorrhage [1]. The authors theorized that the reduction in portal pressure likely resulted from a decrease in splanchnic blood flow as a consequence of a demonstrated reduction in cardiac output. Since then, knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to portal hypertension have advanced and studies from Groszmann et al. determined that the portal hypertensive state is maintained despite the formation of collaterals because of splanchnic vasodilatation leading to an increase in portal venous inflow [2]. These studies also demonstrated that propranolol reduced portal pressure by reducing portal flow mainly due to beta-2 adrenergic blockade leading to an unopposed alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictive effect on the splanchnic circulation [3]. The clinical efficacy of propranolol and other NSBB has since been extensively shown both in the prevention of first variceal hemorrhage and in the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage [4]. In the former, the recommendation is to use either NSBB or ligation. In the latter, the combination of NSBB plus ligation is recommended; however, ligation is only effective inasmuch as it is combined with NSBB. Evidence in a meta-analysis shows that NSBB therapy alone is almost as effective as combination therapy in preventing re-bleeding with a tendency to decrease mortality [5]. This is not surprising as, unlike NSBB, ligation is a local therapy that does not affect pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to portal hypertension. In fact, NSBBinduced reductions in portal pressure have been associated not only with a decreased incidence of variceal hemorrhage but also with a reduction in the development of other complications of cirrhosis (ascites, encephalopathy) and improved survival [6,7]. Patients with both compensated and decompensated cirrhosis have been included in RCTs comparing NSBB vs. no therapy/placebo and almost none of the individual RCTs report
BUYER BEHAVIORS AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: AN INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATION.

This paper studies the effects of buyer-supplier interaction in a supply chain environment. It focuses on the effects of buyer behaviors (such as supplier selection, number of suppliers, percentage...
Nectariless and Pubescent Characters in Cotton: Effect on the Cabbage Looper

Nectaried and nectariless varieties of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., of 2 backgrounds were exposed to cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), in no-choice greenhouse tests. Significantly fewer eggs were laid by moths restricted to ‘Deltapine 70100N’ than by those restricted to ‘Deltapine 16.’ However, there was no difference between ‘Stoneville 7A’ and ‘Stoneville 731N.’ In free choice oviposition preference tests, fewer eggs were usually laid on smooth leaf or very pubescent varieties, but the effects of the amount of pubescence were confounded by varietal background.
A Treatment of Distributed Lags in the Theory of Advertising Expenditure

the advertising expenditure by the individual firm. In common, these models treat the effect of advertising upon revenue and upon cost as if it were instantaneous and complete. At the purely theoretical level this represents no great shortcoming. But it might be advantageous to push the theoretical analysis closer to realism by taking into account that, generally speaking, the effect of a given advertising expenditure on sales revenue is distributed over time.' Of
“A Great School Benefits Us All”: Advantaged Parents and the Gentrification of an Urban Public School:

Middle-class, professional, and White families in gentrifying cities are increasingly choosing neighborhood public schools. As critical consumers of public education, these families frequently brin...
Analysis on Martary Application Prospects and Development of WLAN

The article gives the development history and present situation of WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network).According to the characteristics of wide communicational band,broad application range and simple construction of WLAN,combined with its application in next-generation tactical internet abroad,the possible means for security and survivability enhancement and for transmission range expansion of WLAN are analyzed.With that,the application modes for WLAN as a low cost,wireless,visual and wide-band communication means in future wide-band tactical internet communication are proposed,and the typical application scenarios analyzed.Finally,the application prospects of WLAN in future wide-band tactical internet is forecasted.
Children’s Maternal Support-Seeking: Relations to Maternal Emotion Socialization Responses and Children’s Emotion Management

The present study examined children’s support-seeking of mothers (SSM) as a moderator of the association between maternal emotion socialization responses and children’s emotion management. Participants included 119 mother–child dyads (63 boys, M age = 9.61 years, 73.1 % Caucasian). Maternal emotion socialization was assessed via observed mother–child interactions and child report. Analyses indicated several main effects such that child-reported maternal reward responses were associated with stronger child emotion management, whereas perceived maternal punishment and neglect were associated with poorer child emotion management. Regarding the significant interactions, observed maternal general unsupportive socialization responses were negatively associated with emotion management. Additionally, for children low in SSM, child-reported maternal overriding of children’s emotions was positively associated with better emotion management. Support-seeking of mothers may mitigate the risk of some unsupportive maternal socialization responses and may be an adaptive strategy in middle childhood in particular contexts.
Strength and timing of graded synaptic transmission depend on frequency and shape of the presynaptic waveform

Several classes of motor neurons within the stomatogastric ganglion of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptats participate in the generation of the pyloric rhythm. Graded synaptic transmission among these motor neurons is an essential component in the production of the triphasic pyloric motor pattern1. Previous work characterized graded synaptic transmission2, but in a “static context” where the time dependent dynamics were ignored.
Popular Music Genres, Music Producers, and Song Creation in the General Music Classroom.

In secondary general music classes, music educators have the opportunity to bridge the gap between the music students’ experiences in school and the music they engage with outside of school. Accord...
Social Skills Interventions and Children with Behavior Problems: A Review.

This article reviews 27 studies that examine social skills interventions and their effects on students with behavior problems. Results of these studies indicate that a number of social skills interventions have been successful with children with behavior problems. The social skills interventions yielded changes in self, teacher, and parent perceptions. Peer perceptions seem to be more resistant to change, though, and should be more closely addressed in future research.
A Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Concussion on a Computerized Neurocognitive Test and Self-Reported Symptoms

Context: Meta-analyses examining construct-specific cognitive impairment concurrently with self-reported symptoms postconcussion are sparse. Objective: To review the literature on the effects of ...
Career Construction Materials: The Story of a Career Development Curriculum in a Turkish School.

ABSTRACTThe arrival of life design and in its advance challenged the field to refocus toward a more useful understanding of the lifelong process of career development including neglected areas within the field such as career development during childhood. Reviews of the literature reflect an ongoing neglect of the stage of childhood in this lifelong process. However, progress has been made and duly noted. The present article responds to both previous calls from the literature as well as this special issue in providing an example of a career development curriculum developed for and within a Turkish elementary school.
Survival of Montana Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos)

ABSTRACT We monitored 25 Golden Eagles in Montana, USA, from 2011 to 2015 over 3,601 days using tail-mounted satellite transmitters. Using the best available direct observation and circumstantial evidence, we surmise that only a single eagle (adult female floater) died during monitoring, resulting in a daily survival estimate of 0.9997 (SE = 0.0003) and an annual survival estimate of 0.905 (SE = 0.0907) for a mixture of adult and younger, resident and migrant, breeder and nonbreeder eagles of both genders living in relatively undisturbed regions of the western United States. Under this scenario, adult daily survival averaged 0.9996 (SE = 0.0004) and adult annual survival averaged 0.858 (SE = 0.132).
Cytochrome P450 and the Metabolism and Bioactivation of Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoids

The studies of the P450 AA monooxygenase have uncovered new and important roles for P450 in the metabolism of endogenous substrates, and added P450 to the list of enzymes that participate in the metabolism of AA, a fatty acid that serves as the precursor for the biosynthesis of several physiologically important lipid mediators. The functional relevance of this metabolic pathway is suggested by the many important biological activities attributed to its products. These studies, as well as the documented endogenous roles of P450s in cholesterol, steroid, and vitamin metabolism are contributing to establish this enzyme system as a major participant in the regulation of cell, organ, and body physiology. Among these, the phenotypic analysis of mice carrying disrupted copies of the CYP4a14 gene unveiled new and important roles for the P450 enzymes in cardiovascular physiology and the control of systemic blood pressures, and suggested the human homologs of the rodent CYP 2C and 4A AA epoxygenases and ω-hydroxylases as candidate genes for the study of their role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
Oral glucose load and mixed meal feeding lowers testosterone levels in healthy eugonadal men.

Precise evaluation of serum testosterone levels is important in making an accurate diagnosis of androgen deficiency. Recent practice guidelines on male androgen deficiency recommend that testosterone be measured in the morning while fasting. Although there is ample evidence regarding morning measurement of testosterone, studies that evaluated the effect of glucose load or meals were limited by inclusion of hypogonadal or diabetic men, and measurement of testosterone was not performed using mass spectrometry. Sixty men (23–97 years) without pre-diabetes or diabetes who had normal total testosterone (TT) levels underwent either an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) after an overnight fast. Serum samples were collected before and at regular intervals for 2 h (OGTT cohort) or 3 h (MMTT cohort). TT was measured by LC-MS/MS. LH and prolactin were also measured. TT decreased after a glucose load (mean drop at nadir = 100 ng/dL) and after a mixed meal (drop at nadir = 123 ng/dL). Approximately 11% of men undergoing OGTT and 56% undergoing MMTT experienced a transient decrease in TT below 300 ng/dL, the lower normal limit. Testosterone started declining 20 min into the tests, with average maximum decline at 60 min. Most men still had TT lower than baseline at 120 min. This effect was independent of changes in LH or prolactin. A glucose load or a mixed meal transiently, but significantly, lowers TT levels in healthy, non-diabetic eugonadal men. These findings support the recommendations that measurement of serum testosterone to diagnose androgen deficiency should be performed while fasting.
Generation of Hermansky Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from functional mutations in the adaptor-related protein complex 3, beta 1 subunit (AP3B1) gene. This gene plays a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. Here we describe the generation of an HPS2 iPS cell line (CHOPHPS2) using a Cre-excisable polycistronic STEMCCA lentivirus. This line was derived from human fibroblasts isolated from a patient carrying two mutations in the AP3B1 gene. The patient presented with severe neutropenia, ocular albinism, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, hemorrhagic diathesis, and an absence of platelet-dense granules.
Recovery: Trying With Others

Your and my recoveries are not the same — they obviously can’t be. But perhaps I can communicate mine to you. I can imagine what yours is going to be: after the torture of all these crags and chasms, the balm of a lilting story; after reverberating solitude, people, young people. And really, mine isn’t so different: I’ll report on talks we’ve had. Remember: In order to live and let live, in order to manifest reverence, charity, and faith in men, it is necessary that men talk with one another, for “servitude, falsehood, and terror” ([Camus, The Rebel,] p. 284) silence men and prevent them from working together at their condition: there must be “clear language and simple words” (p. 283), at least to prove despair unreal... or simply to find out more clearly than without open discussion what is the case; Speech, including the silence that is a mode of it... has marvelously many meanings, ways, and effects…(11 above, Section V).
Quit being so rigid: How traditional gait analysis assumptions confound our understanding of ankles, feet, footwear and biomechanics.

The human foot is traditionally modeled as a single rigid-body segment in gait analysis studies. This rigid-foot assumption dates back over 100 years and is still commonly used in contemporary gait...
Molecular dynamics simulations of structural and transport properties of molten NaCl-UCl3 using the polarizable-ion model

Abstract Molten chlorides are a good choice for fast-spectrum molten salt reactors, but many of their thermophysical and transport properties are not available. In this work we use classical molecular dynamics simulations based on the polarizable-ion model to investigate the structural and transport properties of NaCl-UCl3 at various U3+ mole fractions. Molar volume, coordination structure and number, network structure, heat capacity, diffusivity, and ion conductivity have been simulated. We find strong variation of the second coordination shells (U-U and Cl-Cl) with U3+ mole fraction. This is consistent with the increasing network formation or oligomerization of UCl63− and UCl74− units via shared Cl− ions. The movement of Cl− is strongly coupled with U3+ as the U-Cl network structures become dominant in the mixture when the mole fraction of UCl3 is >0.25. Evaluation of a heat-transfer figure-of-merit suggests that 0.20 to 0.30 is an optimal mole fraction of UCl3 to achieve both lower operating temperatures and better heat transfer.
Coronary Artery Aneurysms and Fistulas

Coronary artery aneurysms and fistulas are rare and can present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Most are asymptomatic and incidentally found on coronary imaging. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving interventional cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery for both aneurysms and fistulas.
Expressions of Drebrins and lcam-5 in mouse cerebral cortex with Fmr-1 gene knockout and their significance in fragile X syndrome

[Objective]To investigate and compare the changes of Drebrin A,Drebrin E and lcam-5 mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex of Frr-1 gene knockout mouse during brain development periods.[Methods]Fmr-1 gene knockout (KO) male mice and their wild type (WT) counterparts were chosen in our experiment (4≤n≤ 10);the levels of target mRNAs were detected by real time quantitative PCR;check points were set on the 7th,14th,21th and 28rh postnatal d.[Results] The mRNA level of Drebrin A in the KO group was significantly lower than that in the WT group on the 14th postnatal d,while that of Drebrin E was significantly higher than that in the WT group (P＜0.05).The mRNA level of lcam-5 in the KO group was significantly higher than that in the WT group on the 14th and 21th postnatal d (P＜0.05).[Conclusion] The delayed shift of Drebrin A to Drebrin E and transitional over-expression of lcam-5 in developmental cerebral cortex are the reasons for mental retardation in Fragile X Syndrome. Key words: Fragile X Syndrome; Dendritic spine; Drebrins; lcam-5
Faith-Based Welfare Provision in Russia

This chapter examines Russia, a postcommunist country with a dominant Orthodox religious society. Building on Jeffrey Haynes and Anja Henning’s useful theoretical framework, the chapter explores the role of faith-based organizations in social welfare in the contemporary Russian Federation around five main topics: the historical path of church–state relations; the objectives of religious actors’ public agency; the Russian Orthodox Church’s means and strategies in the public square; the effects of church–state cooperation; and public perceptions of religion. The authors focus on the civil and political roles of the Russian Orthodox Church after it reemerged after the communist era, including the revival of its charity traditions and the current church–state symphonia, and ask whether these activities strengthen or weaken postcommunist Russian civil society.
Developing a geospatial data-driven solution for rapid natural wildfire risk assessment

Abstract Computational natural wildfire simulation is a computing-intensive process. The process is also challenging because of the need to integrate data with wide spatial and temporal variability. Our study sought to simulate rapidly spreading natural wildfire with fidelity and quality through computational realization. We developed a novel probabilistic wildfire risk assessment tool whose operation was driven by real-time wildfire observations. A Gaussian transformation incorporating present and historical geographical data to the wildfire model was adopted to accommodate scale differences in the datasets. The model outputs, therefore, depict possible spread pathways using Monte Carlo simulations. We created a computational solution for deploying wildfire simulations to a highly scalable, distributed and parallel computing framework, which facilitated a fairly linear increase in the simulation run time as the computation load increased exponentially. Our computational solution synthesized and fully automated the various stages of the process, from data preparation to analysis and visualization. The platform can potentially provide real-time decision-making support to wildfire hazard management.
HardCompress: A Novel Hardware-based Low-power Compression Scheme for DNN Accelerators

The ever-increasing computing requirements of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have accentuated the deployment of such networks on hardware accelerators. Inference execution of large DNNs often manifests as an energy bottleneck in such accelerators, especially when used in resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) edge devices. This can be primarily attributed to the massive energy incurred in accessing millions of trained parameters stored in the on-chip memory, as demonstrated in existing research. To address this challenge, we propose HardCompress, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first compression solution pertaining to commercial DNN accelerators. The three-step approach involves hardware-based post-quantization trimming of weights, followed by dictionary-based compression of the weights and subsequent decompression by a low-power hardware engine during inference in the accelerator. The efficiency of our proposed approach is evaluated on both lightweight networks trained on MNIST dataset and large DNNs trained on ImageNet dataset. Our results demonstrate that HardCompress, without any loss in accuracy on large DNNs, furnishes a maximum compression of 99.27%, equivalent to 137$\times$ reduction in memory footprint in the systolic array-based DNN accelerator.
Association of treatment type with patient-reported quality of life in cancer distress screening.

178Background: Routine distress screening is recommended for all patients with cancer. In 2015, Stanford Cancer Center implemented such screening using a modified PROMIS-GH questionnaire. With the ...
Acute right ventricular failure associated with pulmonary hypertension in pediatrics: understanding the hemodynamic profiles

Pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) is a common pathology in pediatrics, arising from a diverse array of etiologies and manifesting in equally diverse patient populations. The inpatient management of these infants and children may be complicated by dynamic and at times severe increases in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and right ventricular (RV) afterload. Yet absent are cognitively accessible heuristics in the field whereby providers can reconcile the various clinical manifestations they observe with an understanding of the cardiac physiology at play, and therefore, appropriate physiology-driven interventions. Described herein is a framework for understanding the pathophysiology of four clinical phenotypes which are driven by two echocardiographic patient characteristics: the presence or absence of an atrial communication and the capacity of the right ventricle to maintain ventricular-vascular coupling. Application of this paradigm may facilitate accurate interpretation of observed clinical data, and alignment of treatment strategies with the underlying pathophysiology.
History, Anecdotes, Correlations, and Interviews

This chapter illustrates stories relating music and other higher brain functions such as mathematics and chess. It is noted that use of higher brain function focuses on music, math, and chess, rather than more language-based thinking. The chapter introduces the concept of the magic genius, illustrated by Mozart in music and Ramanujan in math. It also illustrates some scientific results and concepts. It examines the correlation between music and maths. Persons good or exceptional at math might be good or exceptional at music too. This chapter presents evidence for a cause and effect relationship that music could causally enhance reasoning, if even temporarily. It is of great importance for the nonscientist to understand this distinction between correlation and causation and the distinction between anecdotal studies and controlled studies. Einstein explained that music was in some ways an extension of thinking processes, a method of allowing the subconscious to solve tricky problems. He remarked, "music has no effect on research work, but both are born of the same source and complement each other through the satisfaction they bestow.’’