cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunosuppressive effect of 6-mercaptopurine and mitomycin C.

6-Mercaptopurine and mitomycin C were used in combination drug therapy to produce a prolongation of skin allograft survival.
No Accident: Traffic and Pedestrians in the Modern City

Abstract This paper considers the rise of traffic accidents in the creation of the modern city. The notion of accidents is deconstructed. There is a brief review of current literature on mobilities...
Mother. Daughter. Sister. Bomber.

Women are increasingly taking a leading role in conflicts by becoming terrorists–specifically,
Vitamin B12 and Growth Inhibiting Properties of the Dried Juice of Alfalfa

Abstract DEHYDRATED alfalfa meal has been for many years one of the most common ingredients in practical poultry rations. The feeding of alfalfa is, however, subject to some limitation due to its growth inhibiting properties when fed at high levels. The presence of an unidentified factor, or factors, in alfalfa meal which depresses growth has been indicated by the work of Cooney et al. (1948) and Draper (1948). Lepkovsky and associates (1950) have shown conclusively the presence of a growth inhibitor in alfalfa meal which can not be destroyed by heat or chemical treatments, although ashing eliminates it. They also found that the factor is soluble in hot water. Peterson (1950) has shown that the alfalfa inhibitor possesses foaming and hemolytic properties and thus concluded the inhibitor to be related to the saponins. Increased hatchability resulting from the addition of alfalfa meal to experimental rations has been reported by Hunt, Winter . . .
Ego strength and methods of learning associations

High ego-strength subjects, determined by the Cattell 16PF, were shown to be inferior to low ego-strength subjects in learning paired associations by the anticipation method, whereas the reverse was true when learning by the study/test method, when the list involved noncompeting materials. High ego strength is assumed to correlate with a high degree of control of responding tendencies and, hence, with a high response-confidence threshold. Learning is assumed to be retarded under the anticipation method due to competition within the method in the rapid alternation in retrieval and storage processes, which further heightens the confidence threshold, that of the high ego-strength subjects being above that of the low ego-strength subjects. On a competing task, the interaction did not occur, but significant effects were obtained for both ego strength (low inferior) and method such that the overall pattern of results suggested further insight into the processes affected by both ego strength and the two methods.
Complicated stent supported cerebrovascular angioplasty: case analyses and review of literature.

BACKGROUND Hemodynamic lesions of the cervicocerebral vasculature are currently being treated with stent supported percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. These procedures have met with increasing success when compared to the risks and morbidity of more invasive surgical approaches. The versatility of stent-supported angioplasty as a primary therapeutic modality is examined in the following complex cases. CASE DESCRIPTION We present four cases involving cervical angioplasty with emergent or adjunctive stent placement. Two cases involved the subclavian arteries, whereas the others involved the vertebral and internal carotid arteries. In our experience, complications of cervicocerebral artery angioplasty have been successfully managed by stent placement. CONCLUSION Our cases demonstrate the emerging role of cervical angioplasty and stent implantation as a successful therapeutic modality, highlighted in these complex cases.
The Colonial Mentality Scale (CMS) for Filipino Americans: Scale Construction and Psychological Implications

Colonial mentality, or internalized colonialism, has been discussed by scholars and by Filipino American community members as a significant factor in the experiences of contemporary Filipino Americans, yet this construct has not received empirical attention in psychology. The authors of the current study addressed this gap in the Asian American psychological literature by developing the Colonial Mentality Scale for Filipino Americans, a theoretically derived and psychometrically tested multidimensional measure of colonial mentality. Exploratory (n = 292) and confirmatory (n = 311) factor analyses on Internet-obtained data suggest that colonial mentality among Filipino Americans is best conceptualized and measured as composed of 5 related factors, each of which represents unique manifestations of the construct. Results also suggest that colonial mentality is associated with the psychological well-being and mental health of modern day Filipino Americans. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection and high frequency oscillatory ventilation

Study objectives — To report the results of treating respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure with high frequency oscillatory ventilation as rescue therapy.Design — Retrospective case series.Setting — A pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary academic medical center.Patients or participants — Nineteen of 74 (26%) patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit over 3 years for respiratory syncytial virus respiratory tract infection developed respiratory failure. Eleven were treated with conventional ventilation only (group 1) and 8 were treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation when conventional ventilation failed (group 2).Interventions — Medical records were reviewed to assess risk factors for severe disease, duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, peak oxygenation index, length of stay, morbidities, and mortalities.Measurements and results — Group 2 had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, length of stay, and a higher peak ox...
An attempt to distinguish between the actions of neuromuscular blocking drugs on the acetylcholine receptor and on its associated ionic channel.

Abstract The effects of lobeline and tubocurarine on the voltage-clamped endplates of frog sartorius and cutaneous pectoris muscles were examined at room temperature (20-23°C). Like tubocurarine, lobeline causes nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. The half-time of decay (t½) of endplate currents (e.p.c.s) recorded at a holding potential (Vm) of -90 mV was significantly shorter in endplates treated with lobeline (50 μM; mean t½ ± SEM = 0.41 ± 0.02 ms) or tubocurarine (11.4 μM; t½ = 0.64 ± 0.04 ms) than in those treated with Mg2+ (13 mM; t½ = 1.39 ± 0.11 ms) or a low concentration of tubocurarine (3 μM; t½ = 0.87 ± 0.05 ms). Similarly, lobeline (10 μM) shortened the t½ of untreated miniature e.p.c.s by 35%; tubocurarine, however, abolished miniature e.p.c.s at the concentration required to observe its actions on e.p.c. decay kinetics. The t½ of e.p.c.s recorded from preparations treated with Mg2+ (13 mM), tubocurarine at low concentrations (3 μM), or untreated miniature e.p.c.s was logarithmically related to Vm, being slower at more hyperpolarized values. By contrast, the t½s of e.p.c.s recorded in either lobeline (50 μM) or tubocurarine (11.4 μM) were independent of voltage in the range -150 to -80 mV. The ability of lobeline to shorten t½ and to remove the voltage dependence of t½ was partially antagonized by Mg2+ (13 mM). As expected, when lobeline or tubocurarine was removed from the bath or when acetylcholine release from the motor nerve terminals was increased by 4-aminopyridine (20 μM) and Ca2+ (10 mM) (in the presence of lobeline or tubocurarine), the amplitude of e.p.c.s increased as a function of time. However, the t½ of the decay phase of the e.p.c.s remained shortened (i.e., unaltered from the earlier treatment). These results suggest that both tubocurarine and lobeline have at least two distinct postjunctional actions including: (i) a block of the acetylcholine receptor and (ii) a block of the ionic channel associated with the acetylcholine receptor.
Ricœur’s Own Linguistic Turn

Abstract I want to discuss why it makes sense to speak of a linguistic turn in the philosophy of Paul Ricœur. He early on had said that “the word is my kingdom and I am not ashamed of it” without, at that time, spelling out just what this claim meant as regards a broader philosophy of language. Nor would he have had any difficulty in admitting that his attitude toward language and questions about language changed over time. Keywords : Analytic Philosophy, Linguistic Turn. Resume Je souhaite discuter pourquoi il y a un sens a parler de tournant linguistique dans la philosophie de Paul Ricœur. Il avait dit des le debut de son travail “la parole est mon royaume et je n'en ai point honte,” sans, a ce moment-la, specifier ce que cette affirmation signifie au regard d'une philosophie du langage. Et il n'aurait pas eu de difficulte a admettre que son attitude envers le langage et les questions sur le langage a change au fil du temps. Mots-cles: Philosophie analytique, Tournant linguistique.
U.S.-Based Community Food Security: Influences, Practice, Debate

The practice, policies, and debate associated with U.S.-based community food security (CFS) reflect the historical development of food rights and food security at the International and US national, state, and local community scales. First, CFS in the U.S. has multiple and conflicting definitions that are locally defined within a context of entitlement rights and global trade. Second, the political economy that generates conditions of local food Insecurity is increasingly countered within a framework of international economic and political rights. Third, the capability to claim economic rights may require the cross-sectoral efforts of activists, public officials, entrepreneurs, and academics. In this paper, we provide a short history of international food rights and food security and a background on the diversity of CFS perspectives and practice in the United States. We identify some of the many entry points for CFS activities to portray the need for a system-wide strategy to address food security.
The impact of tailored text messages on health beliefs and medication adherence in adults with diabetes: A randomized pilot study

Abstract Background Inadequate medication adherence reduces optimal health outcomes and can lead to increased costs, particularly in patients with diabetes. Efforts to improve adherence have resulted in limited effects; approaches leveraging mobile technology have emerged, but their focus has mainly been limited to simple reminder messages. Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to test the effectiveness of tailored text messages focusing on improving medication adherence and health beliefs in adults with diabetes. Methods Adults aged 21–64, with uncontrolled diabetes, and taking at least one anti-diabetic medication were recruited and randomized into 2 study arms: daily tailored text messaging for 90 days or standard care. Comparing baseline and endpoint survey responses, changes in theory-driven health beliefs and attitudes were assessed. The impact on medication adherence was evaluated using pharmacy claims by calculating the percent of days covered (PDC). Results A total of 75 subjects were consented, and 48 were randomized. Mean PDC at baseline were comparable between cohorts (84.4% and 87.1%, respectively). Declines in adherence were observed in both groups over time but no significant differences were observed between groups or from baseline to the end of the active study period. Unadjusted tests suggested that perceived benefits and competence might have improved in the intervention arm. Conclusions Tailoring mobile phone text messages is a novel way to address medication nonadherence and health beliefs; further investigation to this combined technique is needed to better understand its impact on behavior change in adults with diabetes.
Local partial regularity theorems for suitable weak solutions of a class of degenerate systems

A partial regularity theorem is established for a particular class of weak solutions to the system∂u/∂t− div(K(u)▽u)=σ(u)¦▽ϕ¦2, div(σ(u)▽ϕ)=0 on a bounded domain inRN. Under our assumptions, σ(u) may exhibit exponential decay, and thus the system may be degenerate. Our proof is based upon a blow-up argument.
Pragmatism, Phenomenalism, and Truth Talk

L'A. analyse et critique diverses conceptions " pragmatistes " de la verite, inspirees par les theses de James et de Dewey, qui trouvent leur source dans des arguments semantiques sur le fonctionnement du terme " vrai " : en particulier la conception " pro-phrastique " qui fait de la verite un predicat redondant. Ces arguments appuient le phenomenalisme, mais reduisent la verite a la force, et aux pratiques
Hormone Induction of Progesterone Receptor (PR) Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Activation of PR Promoter Regions in Ovarian Granulosa Cells: Evidence for a Role of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate but Not Estradiol

Expression of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA in granulosa cells of ovarian preovulatory follicles is induced by LH (1, 2) and is essential for ovulation (3). Although 17β-estradiol (E) can induce PR mRNA and activate PR promoter-reporter constructs in other cell types, the effects of E in granulosa cells appear to be indirect. We show herein that E alone does not induce the expression of PR mRNA in preovulatory granulosa cells. Rather, induction of PR mRNA depends on the differentiation of granulosa cells in response to E and a physiological amount of FSH followed by exposure to agonists (elevated levels of LH, FSH, and forskolin) that markedly increase cAMP. Induction of PR mRNA by forskolin is blocked by the A-kinase inhibitor H89 and cycloheximide but not by the E antagonist, ICI 164,384. These results indicate that phosphorylation and synthesis of some regulatory factor(s) other than or in addition to the estrogen receptor (ER) are essential for transactivation of the PR gene. When distal and proxima...
Calculations of Stable Domain Radii Produced by Thermomagnetic Writing

Calculations are performed to determine the stable radius of a cylindrically symmetric domain nucleated in magneto-optical films during thermomagnetic writing with a laser beam. A critical bound on domain size is calculated which determines whether or not a domain of given radius, once nucleated, will be stable. The analysis shows that for a ferromagnetic material such as MnAlGe, the domain dimensions can grow beyond the local region of material that is heated above the Curie temperature. For ferrimagnetic thin films having a compensation point T comp , stability depends on the difference between ambient and compensation temperatures, ΔT = T a − T comp . With ΔT ≈ 0, wall energy dominates and the critical radius can be calculated from R c = σ/(2MH c ).
The Genus Aeromonas: Biochemical Characteristics, Atypical Reactions, and Phenotypic Identification Schemes

A total of 193 strains representing 14 different Aeromonas genomospecies were evaluated for 63 phenotypic properties to create useful tables for the reference identification of mesophilic aeromonads. Only 9 of 62 biochemical tests (14%) yielded uniform results, and the fermentation of certain carbohydrates was found to be linked to specific species. A number of unusual or aberrant properties for the genus Aeromonas were also detected in the collection of 428 strains (193 in the phenotypic study, 235 in a retrospective review). These tests included susceptibility to the vibriostatic agent, fermentation of m-inositol and D-xylose, hydrolysis of urea, and the lack of cytochrome oxidase activity. Fermentation of melibiose was linked to raffinose fermentation in all Aeromonas species except A. jandaei. Keys are provided for clinical laboratories choosing to identify aeromonads to species level based upon initial Moeller decarboxylase and dihydrolase reactions. In addition, several new tests were identified that help to separate members of the A. caviae complex (A. caviae, A. media, and A. eucreonophila).
Racial Identity, Maternal Support, and Psychological Distress among African American Adolescents.

This study investigated the role of racial identity and maternal support in reducing psychological distress among African American adolescents. Both direct and indirect influences of multiple dimensions of racial identity (i.e., centrality, private regard) and maternal support on perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety were examined among 521 African American twelfth graders. Findings indicated that maternal support was positively related to both centrality and private regard. Results provided little support for a direct association between racial identity or maternal support and depressive symptoms and anxiety within a multivariate context. Rather, the influences of racial identity attitudes and maternal support on these mental health outcomes were mediated by perceived stress. Further, the two racial identity attitudes were associated with perceived stress in different ways. Study findings suggest that the significance and meaning that African American adolescents attribute to being Black may be critical to their psychological well-being, and that maternal support and perceived stress are important considerations.
Detecting Tyrosine-Phosphorylated Proteins by Western Blot Analysis

The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize nearly all of the phosphorylated tyrosine residues, irrespective of the surrounding sequences, enables researchers to detect the phosphorylation state of proteins through the use of anti-phosphotyrosine western blotting. The availability of this simple, reliable, nonradioactive and yet sensitive method created a boom in signal transduction research. While the methodology of how to perform an anti-phosphotyrosine western blot remains unchanged since the procedure became widely used in the early part of 1990s, steady improvements in reagents and detection technologies have allowed researchers to detect tyrosine phosphorylation quantitatively, at unprecedented sensitivity. In addition to the improvements in the western blot-based systems, powerful new phosphotyrosine detection platforms, based on proteomic technologies, are emerging rapidly. This unit will describe in detail the steps needed to perform the standard anti-phosphotyrosine western blot analysis.
Sodium dependence of GABA transport in rat hypothalamic synaptosomes

The sodium dependence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake has been studied in rat hypothalamic synaptosomes, and the results compared to previous studies in cortical synaptosomes. Initial velocity of GABA uptake was measured as a function of both GABA and sodium concentration, and these data were fitted to the rate equation for each of several plausible models. The minimal best-fit model was found to be identical to that for cortical synaptosomes. However, the constants which quantitate the model were found to differ for hypothalamus and cortex. As a result, uptake at any combination of [Na] and [G] in hypothalamic synaptosomes is approximately double that in cortical synaptosomes. The rate equation for the minimal best-fit model was utilized to define and compute certain parameters which are useful in comparing transport mechanisms (Vmax, Va, Kt, Jm, and k Na). In all cases, differences were found between hypothalamus and cortex.
Group Involvements in City Politics and Pluralist Theory

The assessments of 75 councilors and mayors in eight cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area provide global measures of group organization, activity, and influence in community politics and measures of their specific involvements in 73 issues that arose in these communities. While variations in group involvement and influence—both in exercising social control and contributing to social production—are reported, the most general findings are that groups are less involved in city politics and their limited involvements are less conflictive than suggested by orthodox understandings of pluralist theory. I argue that these results point to the need to reformulate pluralist theory, not abandon it.
Possibility Of Noninvasive Biocurrent Measurement By Ultrasonic Tissue Resistivity Modulation

It can be shown that ultrasonic sound waves cause subtle but detectable electrical changes in tissue during their passage. In particular, tissue resistivity changes on the order of .01% per atmosphere of sound pressure have been measured. Our experiments show that ionically carried electric currents in tissue when exposed to moderate sound power levels yield an amplitude modulated signal equal in frequency to the sonic irradiation and proportional in amplitude to the electric current. This process can, in principle, allow determination of the magnitude of a biocwent in the sound path by detection of the amplitude modulated component via surface electrodes. This observation has potential application to the noninvasive detection of naturally occurring bioelectric currents in-vivo. Background
A Full-Envelope Air Data Calibration and Three-Dimensional Wind Estimation Method Using Global Output-Error Optimization and Flight-Test Techniques

A novel, efficient air data calibration method is proposed for aircraft with limited envelopes. This method uses output-error optimization on three-dimensional inertial velocities to estimate calibration and wind parameters. Calibration parameters are based on assumed calibration models for static pressure, angle of attack, and flank angle. Estimated wind parameters are the north, east, and down components. The only assumptions needed for this method are that the inertial velocities and Euler angles are accurate, the calibration models are correct, and that the steady-state component of wind is constant throughout the maneuver. A two-minute maneuver was designed to excite the aircraft over the range of air data calibration parameters and de-correlate the angle-of-attack bias from the vertical component of wind. Simulation of the X-48B (The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois) aircraft was used to validate the method, ultimately using data derived from wind-tunnel testing to simulate the un-calibrated air data measurements. Results from the simulation were accurate and robust to turbulence levels comparable to those observed in flight. Future experiments are planned to evaluate the proposed air data calibration in a flight environment.
Effective properties of a fly ash geopolymer: Synergistic application of X-ray synchrotron tomography, nanoindentation, and homogenization models

Microstructural and micromechanical investigation of a fly ash-based geopolymer using: (i) synchrotron X-ray tomography (XRT) to determine the volume fraction and tortuosity of pores that are influential in fluid transport, (ii) mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) to capture the volume fraction of smaller pores, (iii) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with multi-label thresholding to identify and characterize the solid phases in the microstructure, and (iv) nanoindentation to determine the component phase elastic properties using statistical deconvolution, is reported in this paper. The phase volume fractions and elastic properties are used in multi-step mean field homogenization (Mori–Tanaka and double inclusion) models to determine the homogenized macroscale elastic modulus of the composite. The homogenized elastic moduli are in good agreement with the flexural elastic modulus determined on macroscale paste beams. The combined use of microstructural and micromechanical characterization tools at multiple scales provides valuable information towards the material design of fly ash geopolymers.
Quantification of Protein Sulfenic Acid Modifications Using Isotope‐Coded Dimedone and Iododimedone

Since its discovery almost 40 years ago, S-hydroxylation ( SOH) of cysteine thiol side chains at active and allosteric sites within proteins has emerged as a central post-translational modification. At present, more than 200 transcription factors, signaling proteins, metabolic enzymes, proteostasis regulators, and cytoskeletal components that undergo sulfenic acid modification have been identified. Like phosphorylation, S-hydroxylation can be a dynamic and reversible posttranslational modification whereby hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the “oxidative burst” that accompanies many receptormediated signaling processes react with a thiolate anion to form sulfenic acid, and a family of enzymes reduces these modifications (or subsequent disulfides) in proteins (Scheme 1). Although protein sulfenic acids are often transient and labile, S-hydroxylation is significant in physiological and pathophysiological events. For example, it has been shown that this modification plays an essential role in eukaryotic H2O2 sensing, [5] T-cell activation, enzyme catalysis, as an intermediate in disulfide formation, and correlates with disease states. Given the rapidly expanding interest in this field, a number of strategies have been developed to detect protein Shydroxylation. Chemical probes based on the selective reaction between 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (dimedone) and sulfenic acid are particularly well suited to monitor this modification in proteins under biological conditions (Scheme 2a). Using dimedone-based reagents, many Shydroxylated proteins have been observed by immunoblot and identified by mass spectrometry (MS); however, in vivo sulfenylation levels are virtually unknown. Knowledge regarding the degree or extent of S-hydroxylation within proteins is essential for understanding the function and
Motor-Transformation Learning

Motor-transformation learning theory asserts that people learn through experience what stimulus transformations are under the control of their behavior. More specifically, it asserts that the parameter values of certain predetermined transformation groups are learned.This theory was inferred, in the first place, from research on adaptation to optical rearrangement—in particular, from position-constancy adaptation in inverting-spectacles experiments, prism-displacement experiments, and in more recent computer-controlled feedback experiments. The detailed characteristics of position-constancy adaptation are found to be consistent with the theory.Diverse consequences radiate from the theory for other human abilities, both in perception and in memory retrieval. These diverse implications are tested in studies of (a) learning to manipulate ‘objects’ in an artificial computer-controlled visual space; (b) learning to compute, in the absence of overt action, the consequences of such action; (c) learning how to ac...
All-buried active microring resonators using vernier effects for free spectral range expansion and optical channel configuration

Vernier effects are utilized in all-buried microring resonators for free spectral range expansion and channel configuration. The finesse measured from the drop port is 600. The optical channel wavelength is configurable by tuning the resonance of a resonator with carrier injection.
Governance: What Do We Know, and How Do We Know It?

The term governance does not have a settled definition today, and it has at least three main meanings. The first is international cooperation through nonsovereign bodies outside the state system. This concept grew out of the literature on globalization and argued that territorial sovereignty was giving way to more informal types of horizontal cooperation, as well as to supranational bodies such as the European Union. The second meaning treated governance as a synonym for public administration, that is, effective implementation of state policy. Interest in this topic was driven by awareness that global poverty was rooted in corruption and weak state capacity. The third meaning of governance was the regulation of social behavior through networks and other nonhierarchical mechanisms. The first and third of these strands of thought downplay traditional state authority and favor new transnational or civil society actors. These trends, however, raise troubling questions about transparency and accountability in ...
Life history ofEtheostoma caeruleum (Pisces: Percidae) in Bayou Sara, Louisiana and Mississippi

The life history of Etheostoma caeruleum was studied from collections made between September 1976 and July 1981 in Bayou Sara, a lower Mississippi River tributary. The principal habitat of rainbow darters was shallow gravel riffles or runs over firm substrates. In Bayou Sara, the reproductive season extended from late March through April and possibly into June. Males and females were sexually mature in their first year. Counts of unovulated mature ova ranged from 17–125 (\( {\bar {\text {X}}} \) = 66). Rainbow darters reached a maximum age of 37 months and a maximum size of 50 mm. Individuals reached an average of 34 mm in the first year and 41 mm after two years. A significantly higher number of males than females was present in the 1+ and 2+ year classes. Chironomids, siphlonurids, and simuliids comprised the bulk of the diet. Simuliid and hydropsychid consumption increased with increased size.
Combining CT Angiography Mapping with Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Planning for Free Fibula Flap Reconstruction of Mandibulectomy Defects

METHODS: We retrospectively compared consecutive patients (n1⁄4159) at a single center who underwent mandibulectomy reconstruction with free fibula flaps, for whom CAD/CAM+CTA (n1⁄438), CTA-only (n1⁄464), or neither technology (n1⁄457) were used over a 7-year period (2008 to 2015). We used logistic regression analysis to identify potential associations between patient and reconstructive factors and postoperative outcomes.
Financial Ties Between Emergency Physicians and Industry: Insights From Open Payments Data

Study objective The Open Payments program requires reporting of payments by medical product companies to teaching hospitals and licensed physicians. We seek to describe nonresearch, nonroyalty payments made to emergency physicians in the United States. Methods We performed a descriptive analysis of the most recent Open Payments data released to the public by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services covering the 2014 calendar year. We calculated the median payment, the total pay per physician, the types of payments, and the drugs and devices associated with payments to emergency physicians. For context, we also calculated total pay per physician and the percentage of active physicians receiving payments for all specialties. Results There were 46,405 payments totaling $10,693,310 to 12,883 emergency physicians, representing 30% of active emergency physicians in 2013. The percentage of active physicians within a specialty who received a payment ranged from 14.6% in preventive medicine to 91% in orthopedic surgery. The median payment and median total pay to emergency physicians were $16 (interquartile range $12 to $68) and $44 (interquartile range $16 to $123), respectively. The majority of payments (83%) were less than $100. Food and beverage (86%) was the most frequent type of payment. The most common products associated with payments to emergency physicians were rivaroxaban, apixaban, ticagrelor, ceftaroline, canagliflozin, dabigatran, and alteplase. Conclusion Nearly a third of emergency physicians received nonresearch, nonroyalty payments from industry in 2014. Most payments were of small monetary value and for activities related to the marketing of antithrombotic drugs.
Synthesis and Properties of Electrically Conductive, Ductile, Extremely Long (∼50 μm) Nanosheets of KxCoO2·yH2O

Extremely long, electrically conductive, ductile, free-standing nanosheets of water-stabilized KxCoO2·yH2O are synthesized using the sol–gel and electric-field induced kinetic-demixing (SGKD) process. Room temperature in-plane resistivity of the KxCoO2·yH2O nanosheets is less than ∼4.7 mΩ·cm, which corresponds to one of the lowest resistivity values reported for metal oxide nanosheets. The synthesis produces tens of thousands of very high aspect ratio (50,000:50,000:1 = length/width/thickness), millimeter length nanosheets stacked into a macro-scale pellet. Free-standing nanosheets up to ∼50 μm long are readily delaminated from the stacked nanosheets. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) studies of the free-standing nanosheets indicate that the delaminated pieces consist of individual nanosheet crystals that are turbostratically stacked. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirm that the nanosheets are stacked in perfect registry along their c-axis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ba...
Perceived movement and the Craik-O'Brien and Crovitz illusions.

An illusion of movement was achieved which is comparable to the Crovitz illusion of extent and the Craik-O'Brien illusion of luminance.
Effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on expression of apoptosis genes and oncogenes in rat ovary

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reproductive toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP), and to assess the expressions of apoptosis genes and oncogenes after DEHP treatment in female SD rats. METHODS:Female SD rats were treated with different doses of DEHP(corn oil group used as control,DEHP treatment including 100 mg/kg,500 mg/kg,1 500 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. The expression levels of apoptosis genes(Bcl-2,Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9) and oncogenes(c-fos and k-ras) mRNA were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS:Bcl-2 expression level at DEHP 1 500 mg/kg group was significantly decreased in comparison with control group(P0.01). The expression levels of Caspase-3,Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 mRNA were significantly increased in rat ovarian tissue after DEHP treatment(P0.05 or P0.01). c-fos mRNA expression levels showed no significant difference compared with control. k-ras mRNA expression levels increased significantly in DEHP 500 mg/kg and 1 500 mg/kg treatment groups(P0.01). CONCLUSION:DEHP could activate Caspase apoptosis pathway through the mitochondrial pathway,resulting in apoptosis of ovarian cells,leading to further damage of ovarian function and reproductive endocrine function. DEHP could also activate oncogene expression,therefore DEHP could possess potential carcinogenesis risk.
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of Quality of Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Objective To analyze the correlative factors influencing quality of life(QOL) in children with cerebral palsy(CP).Methods Eighty children with CP(CP group) and 80 healthy children(healthy control group) were eveluated by Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4(PedsQL4.0) to assess their QOL,and then the differences in QOL of children were compared between the 2 groups.Children with CP were also assessed using Gesell Developmental Scale(GDS) and Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS) to test their deve-lopmental quotient and severity,and then the correlation among QOL,sex,family incomes,clinical types,GMFCS,and the intelligence capacity were analyzed by multiple regression analysis.Results There were significant differences in physical function/aspect,emotional function,social function,psychological aspect and total QOL between CP group and healthy conorol group(Pa0.01).Intelligence degree was positive correlated to total score of QOL.Severity degree and intelligence degree were positive correlated to physical aspect,and age was negative correlated to physical aspect,while severity degree affected physical aspect most.Intelligence degree was positive correlated to psychological aspects.Conclusions QOL of children with CP had impairment in full-scale.The intelligence capacity and the physical functions and intelligence degree are important factors which influence QOL of children with CP.
Situation of human epidemic of Brucellosis in Shandan County of Gansu Province from 2008-2010

[Objective]To understand the prevalence of brucellosis in Shandan County of Gansu Province,and provide scientific evidence for developing its control measures. [Methods]Inquiry discussion,serological examination,etc were adopted for investigation. [Results]①The bengal plate test positive rate of Brucellosis of the residents was 7.3%.②After a survey of brucellosis,53 residents associated with infection symptoms,with the infection rate of 2.65%.③Most patients were herdsmen,with the highest infection rate of 13.24%(100/755),and infection rates were increasing.④Brucellosis disease population aged 20-60 years old,accounting for 78.61% of total cases.⑤Infected male were more than female,the ratio was 2.90∶1. [Conclusion]The epidemic situation of Brucellosis is increasing annually.The health education should be strengthened,especially for herdsmen.Meanwhile,it is necessary to enhance animal disease surveillance,to eliminate brucellosis contaminated livestock input,and do well in patient treatment and management to prevent human epidemic of Brucellosis.
Enhancement of immunogenicity of DNA vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus by co-delivery with oral vaccine encoding chicken interleukin-2.

Mice and 14-day-old chickens were orally inoculated with the recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain ZJ111 carrying pCI-IL-2 expression plasmid encoding the Interleukin II protein.The results showed the ZJ111/pCI-IL-2 was relatively safe.Fourteen-day-old non-immunized chickens were co-administrated orally and intradermally with DNA vaccine and ZJ111/pCI-IL-2 at three dosage levels(107 cfu,108 cfu,109 cfu),and boosted two weeks later.Control groups(challenge control,normal control,DNA vaccine control) were included.The chickens were challenged with virulent infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) seventeen days post-boosting.The results showed that protective responses and neutralization antibody response of DNA vaccine co-administrated with chicken interleukin-2(IL-2) were much higher than those of injected with DNA vaccine alone.Futhermore,the T lymphocyte proliferation response of thymus and spleen,and the B lymphocyte proliferation response of bursa induced by DNA vaccine can be significantly enhanced by chicken IL-2.These results obviously indicated that chicken IL-2 was a strong adjuvant can be significantly enhance the immunogenicity of IBDV DNA vaccine.
A Natural Language Conversational System for Online Academic Advising

We have designed an academic advising online system to advise college students using natural language conversations. The system embeds knowledge of current and future teaching schedules, degree requirements, course prerequisites and various administrative procedures. While this information can be found by searching several university websites and catalogs, students continually ask human advisors these questions during their limited face-to-face time, which limits deeper developmental and educative advising that is only available from human advisors. Our system enhances the advising experience by offering a source for instant academic advice that does not require student training or additional human resources. The system contains a pattern-matching dialog management system with access via a web browser. We describe the motivation for our system, the design requisites, our approach for deployment, and analyze results from real-world field tests.
Precision Repair of Defective Soldering Joints with Gold Nanoparticles and a Low-Power Laser: Tackling a very old problem with new technology.

Traditionally, the ubiquitous soldering iron is the tool of choice-perhaps the only tool of choice-when it comes to fixing a defective soldering joint. Continuous miniaturization of consumer products during the past two decades, however, has led to printed circuit boards (PCBs) and multichip modules that are very densely packed with components. The interlead spacing in many integrated circuit chips is typically 0.5 mm, and the inter component spacing on most PCBs is even less. Reworking a single defective soldering joint on a PCB has therefore become very challenging (it is practically impossible to touch a joint with a soldering iron without also touching the neighboring joints). For this reason, we have recently developed and published a totally new technique for reworking/repairing defective soldering joints in PCBs and multichip modules [1]. The technique is not based on traditional soldering methods or tools but rather on the remarkable properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs).
Alternatives to Nuclear Deterrence

In the preceding chapter I argued that extended deterrence might be replaced by multiplying nuclear deterrents; that actually to constitute a force that was not, in the present strategic environment, self-deterred, these new independent nuclear forces would require sophisticated surveillance, command arrangements, and selective, counterforce capability; that such forces would amount to a ‘polar’ rearrangement of the current system with uncertain results for nuclear deterrence.
Cultural Competence Within Behavioral Medicine: Culturally Competent CBT with Diverse Medical Populations

Health disparities negatively impact the physical and mental health outcomes of diverse groups. Though more attention has been given to address this issue in the past decade, within behavioral medicine there continue to be limited resources available to address disparities. Cultural competence is a core component necessary for the provision of appropriate care, and a potential tool that can guide the development of clinical care and research. Within behavioral medicine, cultural competence involves knowledge and tools that can be utilized to provide effective care at the intersection of physical and mental health across diverse populations.
Predicting Response and Survival for Severe Aplastic Anemia Patients Treated with Immunosuppression.

Prognosis in acquired aplastic anemia is predicted by blood counts. The popular “Camitta criteria” were developed about 40 years ago, prior to the introduction of immunosuppressive therapies (IST) and the wide application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), both of which have markedly improved survival in bone marrow failure. The hematologic response rate to anti-thymocyte-globulin (ATG) has been reported by many centers to be 60–70%; however, a practical and reliable predictor of response to IST is not available. Therefore, the decision to pursue HSCT or IST in SAA often relies on the patient’s age, availability of an HLA-matched sibling donor and in the presence of comorbidities. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 316 patients who received initial IST with a horse ATG-based regimen at the NIH Clinical Center from 1989 to 2005 for criteria that were predictive of hematologic response at 6 months and survival long-term. In multivariate analysis, younger age and higher baseline absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were predictive of response at 6 months. Patients with a baseline ARC ≥ 25,000/uL (96 patients) had a much greater probability of response at 6 months following IST compared to the 91 patients with an ARC < 25,000/uL and an ALC < 1,000/uL (80% vs. 41%, respectively; p < 0.001). Those with an ARC < 25,000/uL and an ALC ≥ 1,000/uL (129 patients) formed an intermediate risk group with a probability of response to IST of 62%. This higher likelihood of response translated to better survival in patients in the high ARC and ALC group (92% at 5 years) compared to those with a low ARC and ALC (53%). The probability of response in patients younger than 18 years of age was 74% regardless of the pre-treatment blood counts. When the predictive criteria of the ARC and ALC was used in pediatrics patients only, the ALC was not predictive, however a high baseline ARC remained a significant predictor of response in the pediatric cohort with a response rate of 90% (in those with an ARC ≥ 25,000/uL) vs. 65% (in those with an ARC < 25,000/uL; p=0.02). In the post-ATG era, baseline ARC and ALC together serve as simple predictor of response following IST, which should guide in stratifying risk among patients with SAA. These criteria should be useful for comparison between studies and in clinical decision making, particularly regarding timing of transplantation, as the indication for matched sibling HSCT (now offered to older patients) and alternative donor HSCT (in patients who lack an HLA-matched sibling) broadens.
Dimethyl Fumarate-Associated Lymphopenia in Clinical Practice: Implications for Disease Modifying Therapy Selection (P6.192)

Objectives: 1) Describe incidence and degree of lymphopenia associated with use of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in patients from a university-affiliated multiple sclerosis clinic. 2) Describe baseline patient characteristics associated with development of lymphopenia. 3) Compare our practical experience of DMF-associated lymphopenia with that of the clinical trials. Background: DMF has been associated with lymphopenia in clinical trials. This is particularly relevant in light of three cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in lymphopenic patients on DMF. Lymphopenia occurred in approximately 41[percnt] of trial subjects. DMF was not discontinued in trials solely due to lymphopenia. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all clinic patients who were prescribed DMF between April 2013 and August 2015. Factors reviewed included demographics, DMF duration, blood counts and discontinuation frequency. Basic statistical analyses were completed. Results: 204 patients took DMF for >3 months and had at least one follow-up lymphocyte count. Lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) <0.91 x10^9/L) occurred in 42[percnt] of our patients during DMF treatment: 4[percnt] grade 3, 20[percnt] grade 2 and 18[percnt] grade 1. 5.9[percnt] of patients discontinued DMF due to lymphopenia, the majority with ALC<0.6. Patient age ≥60 years and baseline ALC <2.0 were independently associated with the development of lymphopenia (Fisher exact test, p=0.0005 and p=0.006, respectively.) There was no significant difference in mean change in ALC from baseline to nadir between patients who developed lymphopenia versus those who did not. Conclusions: Incidence of lymphopenia described in our clinical practice is similar to that reported in the clinical trials. In our clinical setting, patients ≥60 years old or with baseline ALC Disclosure: Dr. Robb has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hyland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Samkoff has nothing to disclose.
Food finds its way to a woman's heart: Campylobacter jejuni-associated myopericarditis.

Campylobacter jejuni -associated myopericarditis (CAM) has been reported infrequently in the literature. We describe a case of immunocompetent young woman presenting with chest pain, with history of recent travel and diarrhea. Evaluation led to diagnosis of myopericarditis associated with this infection. The patient improved with conservative management. The pathogenesis of CAM remains unknown. Patients present with chest pain, heart failure, pulmonary edema and arrhythmias. Diagnostic evaluation includes EKG, cardiac enzymes, echocardiogram, cardiac MRI and stool culture. Conservative management recommended and routine use of antimicrobial therapy is controversial. CAM is a rare but severe complication of C. jejuni infection. It should be considered as a diagnosis in patients presenting with chest pain with associated gastrointestinal symptoms.