cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cis-regulation and conserved non-coding elements in amphioxus

The origin of the vertebrates was a major event in the evolution of morphological diversity and the genetic mechanisms responsible for this diversity, once purely theoretical, can now be approached experimentally in the genome era.With a prototypical chordate genome, vertebrate-like development and simple morphology, amphioxus provides the appropriate model for investigating the origin of the vertebrates. Comparative genomics is revealing that both conservation and divergence of genes and cis -regulatory elements involved in developmental regulatory networks are required to shape different animal body plans. This article reviews the cis -regulatory studies performed in amphioxus, the discovery of conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) across the metazoans and the examination of amphioxus CNEs. Emerging ideas on the evolution of CNEs after large-scale genome duplication events and the state of cephalochordate genomics are also discussed.
Effect of Developmental Chlorpyrifos Exposure, on Endocannabinoid Metabolizing Enzymes, in the Brain of Juvenile Rats

The endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA or anandamide) play vital roles during nervous system development including regulating axonal guidance and synaptogenesis. The enzymatic degradation of 2-AG and AEA is highly susceptible to inhibition by organophosphate compounds in vitro. Furthermore, acute in vivo exposure of adult animals to the agricultural insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPS) caused moderate inhibition of both 2-AG and AEA hydrolysis. However, the effects of repeated exposure to lower levels of CPS, especially during development, on endocannabinoid metabolism in the brain is not known. To examine this, rat pups were orally exposed daily from postnatal days 10–16 to either 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg CPS. Body weight gain was reduced by 5.0 mg/kg on all days of treatment whereas 2.5 mg/kg reduced the weight gain only on the last two days of treatment. At 4-h postexposure on day 16, forebrain cholinesterase (ChE) activity and hydrolysis of 2-AG and AEA were inhibited in a dose-related manner, and the extent of inhibition from highest to lowest level was AEA hydrolysis > ChE activity > 2-AG hydrolysis. The extent of inhibition of AEA hydrolysis was approximately twice than that of ChE activity with AEA hydrolysis being virtually eliminated by 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg causing 40% inhibition. The sensitivity of AEA hydrolysis, compared with canonical targets such as ChE activity, suggests a potential alternative developmental target for CPS. Inhibition of AEA hydrolysis could result in accumulation of endocannabinoids, which could alter normal endocannabinoid transmission during brain maturation.
Removing an exotic shrub from riparian forests increases butterfly abundance and diversity

Invasive plants are one of the greatest threats to endangered insect species and a major threat to Lepidoptera in eastern North America. We investigated the effects of the invasive shrub Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and two methods (mulching or hand-felling) of removing it from riparian forests on butterfly communities and compared them to untreated, heavily invaded control plots and to ‘‘desired future condition’’ forests that never had extensive privet cover. Privet mulching resulted in nearly twice as many butterflies as privet felling and both treatments had more butterflies two years after privet removal than untreated control plots. Butterfly communities on control plots differed from those on the two treatments and the desired future condition forests. A number of forest characteristics were evaluated but only herbaceous plant cover (excluding privet) was positively correlated with butterfly abundance, diversity and evenness. The Carolina satyr, Hermeuptychia sosybius, was the best indicator of forests where privet had never invaded. Removing Chinese privet from riparian forests in the southeastern United States greatly improved forest habitats for butterflies and evidence suggests that butterfly communities in other temperate forests could benefit from removal of extensive shrub layers dominated by a single species. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Vesicular stomatitis virus induces apoptosis primarily through Bak rather than Bax by inactivating Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. The mitochondrial pathway is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins, which consists of both pro- and antiapoptotic members. To determine the relative importance of the multidomain proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax, HeLa cells were transfected with Bak and/or Bax small interfering RNA (siRNA) and subsequently infected with recombinant wild-type VSV. Our results showed that Bak is more important than Bax for the induction of apoptosis in this system. Bak is regulated by two antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, Mcl-1, which is rapidly turned over, and Bcl-XL, which is relatively stable. Inhibition of host gene expression by the VSV M protein resulted in the degradation of Mcl-1 but not Bcl-XL. However, inactivation of both Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL was required for cells to undergo apoptosis. While inactivation of Mcl-1 was due to inhibition of its expression, inactivation of Bcl-XL indicates a role for one or more BH3-only Bcl-2 family members. VSV-induced apoptosis was inhibited by transfection with siRNA against Bid, a BH3-only protein that is normally activated by the cleavage of caspase-8, the initiator caspase associated with the death receptor pathway. Similarly, treatment with an inhibitor of caspase-8 inhibited VSV-induced apoptosis. These results indicate a role for cross talk from the death receptor pathway in the activation of the mitochondrial pathway by VSV.
FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY OF MUSIC: Assessing Innateness and Domain Specificity

EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY OFTEN does not sufficiently document the innate constr aint and domain specificity required for strong adaptationist argument. We develop these criteria within the domain of music. First, we advocate combining computational, developmental, cross-cultural, and neuroscience research to address the ways in which a domain is innately constrained. Candidate constraints in music include the importance of the octave and other simple pitch ratios, the categorization of the octave into tones, the importance of melodic contour, tonal hierarchies, and principles of grouping and meter. Second, we advocate combining psychological, neuroscience, and genetic research across cognitive domains to address the domain specificity of such constraints. Currently available evidence suggests that the innate constraints in music are not specific to that domain, making it unclear which domain(s) provided the relevant selection pressures.
Statistical Tests for Admixture Mapping with Case-Control and Cases-Only Data

Admixture mapping is a promising new tool for discovering genes that contribute to complex traits. This mapping approach uses samples from recently admixed populations to detect susceptibility loci at which the risk alleles have different frequencies in the original contributing populations. Although the idea for admixture mapping has been around for more than a decade, the genomic tools are only now becoming available to make this a feasible and attractive option for complex-trait mapping. In this article, we describe new statistical methods for analyzing multipoint data from admixture-mapping studies to detect "ancestry association." The new test statistics do not assume a particular disease model; instead, they are based simply on the extent to which the sample's ancestry proportions at a locus deviate from the genome average. Our power calculations show that, for loci at which the underlying risk-allele frequencies are substantially different in the ancestral populations, the power of admixture mapping can be comparable to that of association mapping but with a far smaller number of markers. We also show that, although "ancestry informative markers" (AIMs) are superior to random single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), random SNPs can perform quite well when AIMs are not available. Hence, researchers who study admixed populations in which AIMs are not available can perform admixture mapping with the use of modestly higher densities of random markers. Software to perform the gene-mapping calculations, "MALDsoft," is freely available on the Pritchard Lab Web site.
A Study of Landscape-Generated Deep Moist Convection

Abstract A two-dimensional version of a cloud-resolving model was used to study the generation of deep moist convection over heterogeneous landscapes. Alternating patches of dry and wet soil were simulated for various profiles of background wind. Results suggested a significant, systematic impact of patch length and background wind on moist convection. Rainfall occurred most intensely along sea-breeze-like fronts, which formed at patch boundaries. Total accumulated rainfall—as the average over simulations with the same patch size but with different background wind profiles—was largest for a patch length of 128 km. This patch length was similar in size to a local radius of deformation (ro = HN/ω). The deposition of rainfall generated a much different distribution of soil moisture after one day of model simulation. This new distribution, however, was far from equilibrium, as the landscape still consisted of a number of wet and dry soil patches. The cloud structure of moist convection was also examined using...
The Biological Bases for the Design of Anticancer Agents

The problem of drug development for cancer chemotherapy is a difficult one, but it is clear that new and better drugs are needed if continuing advances are to be made in cancer treatment. Further improvements in surgery and radiation therapy will undoubtedly be made but these approaches are limited by the propensity of many solid tumors to metastasize to distant sites in the body; frequently the metastatic event occurs prior to diagnosis. Biological response modifiers may well become extremely useful adjuncts to surgery, radiation, and cytotoxic chemotherapy, but they seem unlikely to be curative alone when confronted with a large body burden of cancer cells.
The Faltings Riemann-Roch Theorem

In this chapter we prove the Faltings Riemann-Roch theorem, assuming the existence of certain volumes on the cohomology of a line sheaf on a curve over the complex numbers. The next chapter will be devoted to proving the existence of these volumes by analytic means. Also we shall postpone to the next chapter another result of analysis needed as a lemma to justify one of Faltings’ applications of his theorem. Thus the present chapter constitutes a natural sequel in the style of algebraic geometry with metrized line sheaves, continuing the ideas of the adjunction formula.
Genome Sequence of Janthinobacterium sp. CG23_2, a Violacein-Producing Isolate from an Antarctic Supraglacial Stream.

ABSTRACT Here, we present the draft genome sequence for the violacein-producing Janthinobacterium sp. CG23_2 isolated from an Antarctic supraglacial stream. The genome is ~7.85 Mb, with a G+C content of 63.5%. The genome includes 7,247 candidate protein coding genes, which may provide insight into UV tolerance mechanisms.
Biology and Ecology of Gymnocarena diffusa (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Sunflower in North Dakota,

The life and seasonal histories of Gymnocarena diffusa Snow (Diptera: Tephritidae) were studied during 1971 and 1972 under both laboratory and field conditions. Host range for G. diffusa are species of Helianthus , principally H. annuus L. and H. maximiliani Schrad. G. diffusa is univoltine with an apparent obligatory diapause in the overwintering pupae. Adult flies emerged in mid-June; a sex ratio of 60% male, 40% female was recorded. Males reached sexual maturity 5 days after emergence; this maturity was correlated with development of the ejaculatory apodeme. Preoviposition period for females averaged 17 days; oviposition occurred in commercial fields by mid-July when buds were 2–8 in diameter. Eggs were laid singly on the involucral bract. Larvae fed in the receptacle for an average of 30.6 days. Infestations of sunflower varieties by G. diffusa averaged 56% with up to 7 larvae recorded per sunflower head.
Predation on Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Breeding in Tires by the Spider Agelenopsis Naevia (Araneae: Agelenidae)

Observations concerning the predation of the spider Agelenopsis naevia on Anopheles spp. and Culex restuans mosquitoes in tires is presented. The first records of the spiders Xysticus ferox, Lycosa scutulatum, Schizocosa duplex and the genus Hyposinga in the state of Kansas are included in a list of spiders collected from the tires, which were situated in a 24.7-ha meadow in southeast Kansas. Agelenopsis naevia was the predominant species and architect of webbing that covered the rim openings of the tires.
Estimating Potential Life Cycle Releases of Engineered Nanomaterials from Wastewater Treatment Plants

In the absence of experimental data, a life cycle modeling approach can be used to predict engineered nanomaterial (ENM) concentrations in environmental media. Several such models have been created with various geographic scopes. This study presents an environmental release model that accounts for local differences in product consumption, wastewater treatment levels, waste incineration, and biosolids management and provides estimates of ENM release from wastewater treatment facilities in New York City, London, and Shanghai. The results illustrate how these local variations in model parameters contribute to differences in predicted ENM concentration in wastewater effluent and biosolids on a local level. Our analysis also takes a first step toward conducting a local-level risk assessment by providing the approximate locations and quantities of ENM discharge into aquatic systems. We find that there is significant uncertainty in model parameters that leads to a wide range of concentration estimates, yet we fi...
Analysis on network system development status and testing ability of AIDS laboratory in Tonghua city

Objective To analyze the network system development status and detection ability of AIDS laboratory in Tonghua city in order to promote the building status and laboratory quality management of AIDS laboratory network system,and ensure detection quality and laboratory biosafety.Methods The way of combining functional work evaluation questionnaire serological examination and laboratory on-site supervision of HIV screening laboratories in Jilin Province were used for the analyses and evaluation.Results There was only one AIDS confirmatory laboratory,19 AIDS screening laboratory and 27 HIV testing sites in Tonghua City from May 2003 to May 2012.The laboratory building,personnel training,quality control and laboratory biosafety met the requirements of The National AIDS testing management approach.Conclusion Although AIDS laboratory network has been basically built in Tonghua city,irrational distribution,weak awareness of laboratory biosafety still exist in few laboratories.
Identification of Redundant Node-Clusters for Improved Face Routing

For message delivery in sensor network, greedy forwarding, face routing, and hybrid greedy-face routing have been used extensively. In this paper we present a method for improved face routing by introducing the notion of ‘floating chains’ and ‘external clusters’. The proposed technique removes unnecessary nodes and node clusters from the Gabriel graph extracted from the unit disk graph induced by sensor nodes. We present efficient algorithms for identifying solo-faced chains and external clusters in the network. Removal of such nodes leads to improved performance of face routing methods.
The Inessentiality of Lockean Essences

Locke, in his discussion of essences, makes extensive use of a distinction he introduces between nominal and real essences. This distinction has always been found interesting and important, and in fact, R.I. Aaron said of it that ‘there is no more important distinction in the Essay.’ Nevertheless, to say there has not been general agreement about what Locke was getting at is putting it mildly. Interpretations of Locke's point in making such a distinction have varied widely, depending upon whether the importance of the real or the nominal essence is stressed. Locke tells us we should distinguish the nominal essence, which is the abstract idea to which a general name is attached and for which it stands, from the real essence, which is the ‘real internal, but generally in Substances, unknown Constitution of Things, whereon their discoverable Qualities depend (3.3.15. See also 3.6.2).’
Staccato: A Bug Finder for Dynamic Configuration Updates

Modern software applications are highly configurable, allowing configuration options to be changed even during program execution. When dynamic configuration updating is implemented incorrectly, program errors can result. These program errors occur primarily when stale data—computed from old configurations—or inconsistent data—computed from different configurations—are used. We introduce Staccato, the first tool designed to detect these errors. Staccato uses a dynamic analysis in the style of taint analysis to find the use of stale configuration data in Java programs. It supports concurrent programs running on commodity JVMs. In some cases, Staccato can provide automatic bug avoidance and semi-automatic repair when errors occur. We evaluated Staccato on 3 open-source applications that support complex reconfigurability. Staccato found multiple errors in all of them. Staccato requires only modest annotation overhead and has moderate performance overhead.
"In our image, according to our likeness" : John D. Rockefeller, jr. and reconstructing manhood in post-Ludlow Colorado

John D. Rockefeller, Jr.’s reactions to the Colorado Coal Wars resulted in the creation of the Employee Representation Plan, better known as the Rockefeller Plan. While labor historians identify the Rockefeller Plan as a dynamic shift in labor-management relations, this article focuses on the lesser studied portion of Rockefeller's reconstruction plan, his program of soft reform and its effect on the construction of masculinity in the industrial West. For Junior, restructuring the work environment and the relationship between management and labor left reconstruction incomplete, and thus vulnerable to future crises. Beginning in 1914, Rockefeller provided support for local and national social organizations to work throughout southern Colorado in order to impart middle-class values to his workers. He believed that reconstructing their social and cultural values—from language to sexual behavior—would remove any socialist influences, and create a better workforce. By applying this type of pressure, Junior helped create an environment that supported local anti-vice movements, and validated a growing belief that law enforcement and legislation could be used to curb vice. Following the deadly strike, Rockefeller's attempts to transform his public image and industrial workers not only have implications for labor history, but also social and gender histories, in particular the construction of masculinity in the American West. As I understand you are a member of the Baptist Church. So am I. But I think you must be a very inconsistent one. You teach Sunday school in New York and let the devil run your business in Colorado. You and your managers are totally responsible for all the bloodshed that occurred in Colorado. If you had lived up to the law there would have been no strike in Colorado. It is human nature to suffer rather than resent and men do not go on strikes for the fun of it. 1
Apogeo y declive del derecho constitucional a un juicio por jurado para causas penales en los Estados Unidos

Since its appearance in Europe, the trial by jury had to travel a long path until it became the official procedure to try criminal cases in the United States. Although it was not really created with that specific purpose, over the years it experienced memorable moments in which it was granted with the prestige and value required to be inserted in the Constitution of that country, as a safeguard against the arbitrariness of the governmental power. Today, however, the great importance that it had in the past has significantly decreased. The needs and practices of a system with a particularly high rate of convictions have relegated and transformed it into a real endangered specie. The following article describes and explains its birth and rise, as well as its subsequent virtual disappearance due to the not so efficient as dangerous guilty pleas.
Preliminary Evidence for an Association Between the Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Cognitive Function in Neurologically Healthy Older Adults.

Objectives: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is implicated in numerous human health conditions. Animal studies have linked microbiome disruption to changes in cognitive functioning, although no study has examined this possibility in neurologically healthy older adults. Methods: Participants were 43 community-dwelling older adults (50–85 years) that completed a brief cognitive test battery and provided stool samples for gut microbiome sequencing. Participants performing≥1 SD below normative performance on two or more tests were compared to persons with one or fewer impaired scores. Results: Mann Whitney U tests revealed different distributions of Bacteroidetes (p=.01), Firmicutes (p=.02), Proteobacteria (p=.04), and Verrucomicrobia (p=.003) between Intact and Impaired groups. These phyla were significantly correlated with cognitive test performances, particularly Verrucomicrobia and attention/executive function measures. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that composition of the gut microbiome is associated with cognitive test performance in neurologically healthy older adults. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore possible mechanisms. (JINS, 2017, 23, 700–705)
Matrix Eigenvalue Problem of Multiple-Shaker Testing

It is shown that the problem of dynamic testing using multiple shaker excitations can be represented by a matrix-eigenvalue formulation. A problem is formulated and an optimal solution is described. The normalized eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue provides the direction of excitation for an equivalent single shaker. The corresponding optimal intensity of excitation is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues.
Placemaking: Why Everything Is Local

We often understand planning as an activity for and by people with “space” being the object rather than the subject of planning. If we want to understand whom the plans are for, then we need to know who the people are. Eventually, this will involve actually talking to and planning with the people we are trying to serve. And ideally, we know the area and their residents well enough to not have to go through preliminary surveys. Data, in all its diversity and messiness, helps us from making the mistake of relying completely on our instincts. We deal with the myriads of ways we can get hold of the data that underlies every rational planning process. We juxtapose traditional (though sometimes altered in their character by the surprising variety of provenance) outsider perspectives like demographic profiles with various community-based techniques such as behavior maps, participant observation, sensor, perceptual mapping, or modern survey techniques. Regardless of how all this data is generated, it then needs to be critically assessed to be used in geographic information systems to eventually perform spatial analyses. We regard GIS and Geodesign as local techniques because this is where they show their strengths. We outline the opportunities afforded by these techniques but also provide cautionary notes on their constraints and reflect on the role of planners in a world where technically skilled but nonprofessional citizens are confounding officials with their data wizardry. By necessity, this overview is very high level, and we provide numerous suggestions for further reading at the end of this chapter.
Bringing wonder into medicine: a film-based curriculum

The proposed workshop presents a film-based curriculum in whole person care. This curriculum includes one 37-minute film (A Certain Kind of Light – screened in 18 film festivals around the world) and six smaller films that are each 5-10 minutes in length, and are accompanied by a journaling process (all of which explore whole person care in medicine). These are not the traditional “teaching” films, but films developed from a more artistic/creative standpoint, for the purposes of affecting attitudes, as much as teaching skills. The workshop will include the following: Introduction: Discussion of how the film-based curriculum impacts culture change as much as personal change of the healthcare practitioner. Content: If there is not enough time to show all 7 films, we would present at least four of them to help the participant understand both philosophy and content of the films, illustrating how whole person care concepts can be taught through an aesthetic avenue to more immediately affect thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors. In addition, we will discuss the journaling process, clinical rounds, and research that accompany the film curriculum. Finally, the panel will join together in discussing how this type of mechanism contributes to culture shift within an organization. Those presenting in this workshop are those who developed, teach and conduct research on this curriculum. This curriculum is newly developed (as of 2017) and is being used in a variety of healthcare disciplines within one healthcare educational and clinical entity and has been requested by several others.
Ani-Bot: A Modular Robotics System Supporting Creation, Tweaking, and Usage with Mixed-Reality Interactions

Ani-Bot is a modular robotics system that allows users to control their DIY robots using Mixed-Reality Interaction (MRI). This system takes advantage of MRI to enable users to visually program the robot through the augmented view of a Head-Mounted Display (HMD). In this paper, we first explain the design of the Mixed-Reality (MR) ready modular robotics system, which allows users to instantly perform MRI once they finish assembling the robot. Then, we elaborate the augmentations provided by the MR system in the three primary phases of a construction kit's lifecycle: Creation, Tweaking, and Usage. Finally, we demonstrate Ani-Bot with four application examples and evaluate the system with a two-session user study. The results of our evaluation indicate that Ani-Bot does successfully embed MRI into the lifecycle (Creation, Tweaking, Usage) of DIY robotics and that it does show strong potential for delivering an enhanced user experience.
Hydrological modification of subsurface drainage systems

Controlled Drainage (CD), a subsurface drainage management system, has been researched in many regions. Previous research has reported CD to reduce subsurface drainage and as a result reduce nitrate loading. CD has been reported to have little effect on nitrate concentrations, so exploring alternative treatments to reduce these concentrations would be constructive. This research was intended to measure the effect of CD on surface runoff, crop yield, water table depth, and to document a biofilter's effect on nitrate concentrations. CD increased surface runoff ranging from 53% to 130%, increased corn yield by 14% over two years, and decreased nitrate loading with a range of 47% to 93%. The use of a biofilter decreased nitrate concentrations and loading by 35%. Water table measurements were also taken every five minutes on average over a two-year period and showed potential long-term water retention in a CD system.
Low Power 8-Bit Baugh–Wooley Multiplier Based on Wallace Tree Architecture

In this paper, an 8-bit Baugh–Wooley two’s complement multiplier based on Wallace tree architecture is designed and simulated. Baugh–Wooley multiplier is popular for multiplication of signed multiplicands in 2’s complement data representation. Baugh–Wooley multiplier can be implemented based on different architectures, such as array architecture or Wallace tree architecture. The strategy of Wallace tree architecture is to combine the partial product bits at the earliest opportunity, which leads to the fastest possible design. Furthermore, carry-save adders (CSA) can be used to reduce the number of addition cycles as well as to make each cycle faster. In this work, both Baugh–Wooley multipliers based on array architecture and Wallace tree architecture were designed and simulated in PSPICE. PSPICE simulation results show that the Wallace tree architecture not only works faster, but also consumes less power than the conventional array structure.
Web-based student assessment

In this chapter, a means of evaluating students in a Web-based teaching and learning environment is examined. Two techniques, summative and formative, are introduced and discussed together with their related issues including delivery and submission, evaluation and feedback, and dealing with cheating. While a summative or traditional technique has been criticized for being too rigid and outdated, a formative or performance assessment technique promises its authenticity, as it requires students to solve real-world problems. It is argued in this chapter, that both techniques serve as essential measures of student learning and should be used in combination. At the end, instructors are provided with guidelines and recommendations for developing and delivering effective Web-based student assessment. The author hopes that understanding the concept and significance of student assessment in a Web-based educational setting will promote the use of proper techniques and render a positive effect on student learning, which we, as educators, value the most.
Continuation for Quasiholomorphic Semigroups

Suppose X is a Banach space and T is a strongly continuous semigroup of members of L(X, X). It has been known for a long time that asymptototic properties of $$|T(t) - I|$$ as t → 0 relate closely to smoothness properties of T.
Smooth-switching LPV control for vibration suppression of a flexible airplane wing

Abstract In this paper, active vibration suppression of a Blended-Wing-Body flexible airplane wing is studied by utilizing a smooth-switching linear parameter-varying (LPV) dynamic output-feedback control. For the reduced-order LPV models, developed for each divided flight envelop subregion, a family of mixed Input Covariance Constraint and H ∞ LPV controllers are designed to robustly suppress the wing bending displacement using hard-constrained control surfaces, while achieving smooth-switching between adjacent controllers. The proposed LPV controllers are developed by minimizing a combination of weighted H 2 output performance and smoothness index, subject to a set of Parametric Linear Matrix Inequalities derived from stability and performance conditions. In addition, the weighting coefficient in the cost function is tuned to balance between H 2 performance and switching smoothness by iteratively solving convex optimization problems. Simulation results demonstrate that simultaneous smooth-switching and improved performance can be achieved by the proposed LPV control.
Combinations of resveratrol, curcumin and cisplatin lower the apoptosis threshold in Jurkat cell lines.

Resveratrol and curcumin are natural compounds consumed for both nutritional and medicinal reasons. Resveratrol and curcumin (and corresponding analog compounds) possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In addition, both compounds also have potent anti-proliferative effects against a number of cancer cell lines, including lymphomas. Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers including lymphomas. However, cisplatin, unlike resveratrol and curcumin, have a number of harmful side effects such as neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, nausea and vomiting that can limit its use. The purpose of our research was to compare different combinations of resveratrol, curcumin and cisplatin as a strategy to lower the dosages of cisplatin while still inducing apoptosis on human Jurkat cells. In this study we show that inhibition of Jurkat cells is due to both inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. We used RT-PCR to also show that the down-regulation of COX-2 is also involved. These experiments support the notion that combinatory therapy is an effective strategy to treat lymphomas.
Essentials of a Theory of Language Cognition

Cognition is not just ?in the head?; it extends well beyond the skull and the skin. Non-Cartesian Cognitive Science views cognition as being embodied, environmentally embedded, enacted, encultured, and socially distributed. The Douglas Fir Group (2016) likewise recognizes languages as emergent, social, integrated phenomena. Language is the quintessence of distributed cognition. Language cognition is shared across naturally occurring, culturally constituted, communicative activities. Usage affects learning and it affects languages, too. These are essential components of a theory of language cognition. This article summarizes these developments within cognitive science before considering implications for language research and teaching, especially as these concern usage-based language learning and cognition in second language and multilingual contexts. Here, I prioritize research involving corpus-, computational-, and psycho-linguistics, and cognitive psychological, complex adaptive system, and network science investigations of learner?language interactions. But there are many other implications. Looking at languages through any one single lens does not do the phenomena justice. Taking the social turn does not entail restricting our research focus to the social. Nor does it obviate more traditional approaches to second language acquisition. Instead it calls for greater transdisciplinarity, diversity, and collaborative work.
The influence of stress on depression and substance use problems among young male same-sex couples: Relationship functioning as an underlying mechanism.

Stress experienced by either partner in a couple can have a negative impact on each partner’s health, but most dyadic research on stress and health has focused on different-sex couples. We examined...
The Instrumented Multitask Assessment System (IMAS)

This work introduces a closed loop virtual reality platform for rehabilitating members of the armed forces after concussion or lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Subjects perform a virtual variable-speed foot patrol designed to bring the subject’s heartrate up to an operator-designated value. Relevant biometric measurements are timestamped and recorded for post-hoc analysis, including heart (ECG), brain (EEG), and movement kinematics of the hands, feet, hips, and head. The long-term goal is to use these data to guide return-to-duty decision making and to support efficient rehabilitation protocols. The platform is physically compact for ease of deployment and has been designed in a modular fashion to allow easy integration of new sensors in future designs.
E-194 Patient-specific hemodynamics predict endovascular coiling outcomes for intracranial aneurysms

Introduction Embolic coils are a preferred endovascular treatment technique for intracranial aneurysms, but approximately 34% of these treatments are unsuccessful, requiring re-treatment. To better understand why endovascular treatment fails, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to determine the changes in hemodynamics factors after coil embolization that were associated with treatment success versus those that led to failure. We incorporated patient-specific intravascular blood flow measurements as boundary conditions, which has been shown to improve simulation accuracy. Materials and Methods Adult patients presenting with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with coil embolization were enrolled. 3D-rotational angiograms taken before and immediately after treatment were used to create computational models of the patients’ vasculature. Intraoperative blood velocity and blood pressure measurements were obtained before and immediately after coil embolization by placing a dual-sensor microwire (ComboWire) in the proximal segment of the parent vessel. These measurements were incorporated as patient-specific boundary conditions for the CFD simulations to compute hemodynamics conditions before and after treatment. Hemodynamics variables including inflow rate (Q), wall shear stress (WSS), and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) were calculated within each aneurysm. Treatment success or failure was determined by evaluating each patient’s most recent follow-up angiogram, and this outcome was then correlated to the changes in hemodynamics variables pre- and post-treatment. This statistical analysis aims to determine associations between immediate changes in post-treatment hemodynamics variables and treatment outcomes. Results Sixteen patients were included (table 1). Regardless of long-term treatment outcome, immediate post-treatment reductions were observed in Q, WSS and WSSG. Preliminary analyses suggest that an increase in shear stress at the aneurysm neck was associated with successful long-term outcome, representative of the significant redirection of blood flow velocity by the coil mass required to prevent aneurysm recanalization. Final multivariate analyses will be presented. Conclusion CFD simulations of aneurysm hemodynamics using patient-specific imaging and boundary conditions were performed in a large cohort of patients treated with coil embolization. Increases in neck plane shear and redirection of blood flow found immediately post-coil embolization have the potential to predict long-term treatment success. Disclosures S. Levy: None. L. Marsh: None. M. Barbour: None. K. Prijoles: None. D. Lim: None. H. Haughn: None. C. Kelly: None. F. Chassange: None. G. Barros: None. D. Bass: None. A. Aliseda: None. M. Levitt: 1; C; Philips Volcano. L. Kim: None.
A Review on Propagation Related Issues for mm-Wave and THz Next Generation Cellular Networks

The propagation issues for mm-Wave (20-300GHz) and THz (0.3-5THz) bands and their application to Next Generation Cellular Networks (NxGnCNet), is one of the scientific fields currently being approached by many researchers. Such problems can be high Path Loss, High Molecular Absorption, Diffraction and other physical phenomena. An initial approach is made for 183GHz, 352GHz and 380 GHz bands which, exhibit substantial attenuation due to the molecular resonances over distance. These findings were verified through MATLAB simulations. Calculations were extended to 73 GHz where the attenuation reaches 10dB/km for heavy rainfall. The Rain Ratio attenuation for the 100-500 GHz mm-Wave bands is considered using graphical calculations based on ITU-R P.676-11. This attenuation may be overcome, and therefore the communication quality is improved by increasing, for example, the antenna gain. An attempt calculation is performed for the attenuation(R) of the signal (dB/km) for Free Space, for moderate rainfall (10mm/h) and for heavy rainfall (25mm/h) for the city of Athens. Further graphical calculations in MATLAB Simulink is made for Oxygen Absorption again with the characteristics of the city of Athens knowing that any increase of 30 GHz of central frequency in the Free Space adds an additional 20 dB of Power Loss. Moving on to the analysis, the Brewster Angle for all terrains, for vertical and horizontal polarization is calculated graphically and computationally, for a large frequency range. A presentation of the new techniques to improve either signal quality or quality performance enhancement tools such as Distance Adaptive Design, Reflect Arrays, Hyper Surfaces, UM-MIMO is shown. Lastly, an example of the coverage for a suitable Next-Generation Cellular Network (NxGnCNet) in an urban microcell test environment, depicts the SINR on the map for the city of Athens.
Hegel's Practical Philosophy: Rational Agency as Ethical Life

This fresh and original book argues that the central questions in Hegel's practical philosophy are the central questions in modern accounts of freedom: What is freedom, or what would it be to act freely? Is it possible so to act? And how important is leading a free life? Robert Pippin argues that the core of Hegel's answers is a social theory of agency, the view that agency is not exclusively a matter of the self-relation and self-determination of an individual but requires the right sort of engagement with and recognition by others. Using a detailed analysis of key Hegelian texts, he develops this interpretation to reveal the bearing of Hegel's claims on many contemporary issues, including much-discussed core problems in the liberal democratic tradition. His important study will be valuable for all readers who are interested in Hegel's philosophy and in the modern problems of agency and freedom.
Fetuses, Pregnant Women, and in Vitro Fertilization

Perhaps one of the most emotionally charged topics involved in the protection of human subjects is the matter of pregnant women and fetuses and the related issue of in vitro fertilization, since it relates tangentially to numerous other behavioral, biomedical, and ethical questions. For example, although once existing only within the realm of science fiction, it now appears technically possible for scientists to conduct genetic engineering to the extent that selected traits of individuals could be encouraged. At a minimum, it is already possible, through amniocentesis, to identify the sex of an unborn child by removing a small amount of amniotic fluid from the pregnant women’s uterus. The very possibility of such a technique worries those who fear that prospective parents may elect for abortion rather than give birth to a child of a nondesired sex.
Analysis of a Diffusion Duopoly

A third model we analyze is the diffusion formulation with repeat purchase. With this model, we assume as before that the two competitors want to maximize discounted profits over an infinite horizon: $$ \begin{gathered} \mathop{{\max }}\limits_{{{A_1}}} \int\limits_0^{\infty } {{e^{{ - rt}}}} \left( {{h_1}\frac{{{\gamma_1}}}{{{\gamma_1} + {\gamma_2}}}S - {A_1}} \right)dt \hfill \\ \mathop{{\max }}\limits_{{{A_2}}} \int\limits_0^{\infty } {{e^{{ - rt}}}} \left( {{h_2}\frac{{{\gamma_2}}}{{{\gamma_1} + {\gamma_2}}}S - {A_2}} \right)dt \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ (5.1) The dynamic constraint on industry sales S in the diffusion model is $$ \dot{S} = ({\beta_1}A_1^{{{\alpha_1}}} + {\beta_2}A_1^{{{\alpha_2}}}\varepsilon S)(N - S) - \delta S \dot{S} = ({\beta_1}A_1^{{{\alpha_1}}} + {\beta_2}A_1^{{{\alpha_2}}})(N - S) - \delta S $$ (5.2) The diffusion model is similar to the Vidale-Wolfe structure analyzed in chapter 4, with the addition of the word-of-mouth parameter e. As in the Vidale-Wolfe model, r is the common discount rate, h 1 and h 2 are unit contributions, α 1 and α 2 are advertising elasticities, β 1 and β 2 are advertising effectiveness parameters, δ is a decay factor, and N is the maximum market size.
Actively learning computer graphics

As technology advances in computer graphics, artists are pushing the boundaries visually in video games and animation. A good way to understand what actually goes into creating even a single character for either a video game or a computer-generated movie is to experiment with higher-level tools while exploring the mathematical foundations of computer graphics. This paper will focus on an active learning approach to studying computer graphics. This paper will describe how 3D Studio Max (3DSM) is a useful tool for extending the typical study of computer graphics. Although 3DSM is a useful and fun tool for developing complex three-dimensional objects, the goal of this work is teach students the mathematical foundations of computer graphics while creating realistic 3D objects in 3DSM.
Influence of Age and Health Behaviors on Stroke Risk: Lessons from Longitudinal Studies

Stroke is a major cause of death and serious neurological disability in older adults in the United States today. The most effective means available for reducing the burden of stroke involves risk factor modification. Given the growing number of older adults at risk for stroke, it is increasingly important to identify health behaviors that can produce significant change. Ongoing longitudinal studies have identified several behavioral factors that have been shown to improve overall health and reduce the risk of stroke, including effective management of hypertension, cessation of cigarette smoking for those who smoke, and maintaining a healthy diet and active physical lifestyle. Because modification of risk factors remains a primary intervention for effective prevention of stroke, community-based studies that address and institute stroke prevention strategies have the best opportunity to reduce or postpone the devastating effect of stroke.
Dimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity and Their Relationship to Nonclinical Panic

The goal of the present study was to examine the factor structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI; S. Reiss, R. A. Peterson, D M. Gursky, & R. J. McNally, 1986) and the replicability, reliability, and validity of its dimensions in a nonclinical sample. One-thousand-and-seventy-one undergraduate volunteers completed the ASI and a modified version of the Panic Attack Questionnaire (PAQ; G. R. Norton, J. Dorward, & B. J. Cox, 1986). A principal components analysis, using oblique rotation and parallel analysis, yielded three ASI dimensions that were highly consistent with those reported in previously published studies. Individuals classified as nonclinical panickers scored higher than nonpanickers on the Physical Concerns and Cognitive Concerns subscales of the ASI. Although spontaneous panic attacks were not significantly related to scores on any ASI scale, the occurrence of panic attacks in the past month was related to higher scores on the Cognitive Concerns subscale. The results are discussed in terms of cognitive theories of panic, and limitations of the present study and directions for future research are addressed.