cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Adjacent Land Use on Nitrogen Dynamics at Forest Edges in Northern Idaho

The effects of immediately adjacent agricultural fertilization on nitrogen (N) at upland forest edges have not been previously studied. Our objective was to determine whether N from fertilized agriculture enters northern Idaho forest edges and significantly impacts their N status. We stratified 27 forest edge sampling sites by the N fertilization history of the adjacent land: current, historical, and never. We measured N stable isotopes (δ15N), N concentration (%N), and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios of conifer tree and deciduous shrub foliage, shrub roots, and bulk soil, as well as soil available N. Conifer foliage δ15N and %N, shrub root δ15N, and bulk soil N were greater and soil C/N ratios lower (P < 0.05) at forest edges than interiors, regardless of adjacent fertilization history. For shrub foliage and bulk soil δ15N, shrub root %N and C/N ratios, and soil nitrate, significant edge–interior differences were limited to forests bordering lands that had been fertilized currently or historically. Foliage and soil δ15N were most enriched at forest edges bordering currently fertilized agriculture, suggesting that these forests are receiving N fertilizer inputs. Shrub root %N was greater at forest edges bordering currently fertilized agriculture than at those bordering grasslands that had never been fertilized (P = 0.01). Elevated N at forest edges may increase vegetation growth, as well as susceptibility to disease and insects. The higher N we found at forest edges bordering agriculture may also be found elsewhere, given similar agricultural practices in other regions and the prevalence of forest fragmentation.
SPACRCAN in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the mouse retina: molecular, developmental and promoter analysis

Abstract SPACRCAN 1 is a novel proteoglycan present in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) of the rat and human retina that resists aqueous extraction through its binding to hyaluronan. The purpose of this study was: to clone mouse Spacrcan; to characterize the promoter elements; to define the deduced amino acid sequence; to establish the time of Spacrcan expression during retinal development; and to determine the time of appearance and distribution of SPACRCAN protein. Spacrcan cDNA clone was obtained through PCR amplification of a mouse retina cDNA library, and RT-PCR amplification and 5′RACE of mouse retina RNA. The deduced polypeptide sequence of mouse SPACRCAN contains a signal peptide at the N-terminal, seven N-link glycosylation sites, numerous potential O-linked glycosylation sites in a central mucin-like domain, two glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, five potential hyaluronan-binding motifs, two epidermal growth factor-like domains, and a hydrophobic stretch of 23 amino acids near the C-terminal. Comparison of the genomic structure of mouse and human SPACRCAN showed significant structure conservation. Analysis of the promoter region revealed several important putative regulatory elements including a Ret-1/PCE-1 element, an 11 base motif for Crx binding, six copies of PIRE, a Ret-4 element, three copies of AP-1, a CRE element, and five copies of GATA3. Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the tissue specificity of Spacrcan mRNA and to localize SPACRCAN in developing retina. Spacrcan mRNA is expressed in both retina and pineal gland and was detectable as early as embryonic day 15. The protein is first detectable in the IPM at postnatal day 8 where it increases in concert with the extension of photoreceptor inner and outer segments from the outer retinal surface. The presence of several unique regulatory elements in the promoter region and characteristic molecular features shared with the orthologue in human and rat suggest an important functional role of SPACRCAN in the IPM. The time of appearance of the SPACRCAN protein during retinal development suggests that this matrix protein may establish the extracellular microenvironment into which photoreceptor outer segments are elaborated.
Antisense Oligonucleotides Specific for the HER2/neu Oncogene Inhibit the Growth of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells That Overexpress HER2/neu

The HER2/neu oncogene encodes a cell surface protein which plays a role in growth factor-stimulated mitogenic signaling. HER2/neu is overexpressed in 30-40% of human breast carcinomas. This study tested the hypothesis that inhibiting HER2/neu expression using a phosphorothioate antisense (AS) oligonucleotide would inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells that overexpress this gene. A human breast carcinoma cell line, BT474, which overexpresses the HER2/neu oncogene was exposed to AS, sense (S), or scrambled antisense (SC) phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in tissue culture. Treatment with AS oligonucleotides specifically downregulated HER2/neu mRNA expression and resulted in lower levels of the HER2/neu protein product, p185; control oligonucleotides had no such effect. AS oligonucleotide treatment significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of BT474 cells, whereas S and SC controls had little effect on BT474 growth. HER2/neu AS oligonucleotide treatment had no effect on the growth of a distinct breast cancer line, MCF7, which expresses low levels of the HER2/neu oncogene. Breast carcinoma cells which overexpress the HER2/neu gene appear to be dependent on continued expression of this oncogene for cell growth. AS oligonucleotide pharmaceuticals which interfere with the expression of the HER2/neu oncogene may be of use in the therapy of some patients with breast carcinoma.
Psychiatric disorder in adolescent offspring of parents with affective disorder in a non-referred sample.

Abstract The relationship between parental psychopathology and psychiatric disturbance in 153 offspring aged 6–19 was assessed in 81 families randomly selected from a prepaid health plan. Offspring of parents with a history of affective disorders and of parents with non-affective psychiatric disorders had higher rates of psychiatric diagnoses and poorer adaptive functioning than children of parents who had never experienced a psychiatric illness. Offspring whose parents had affective disorder had a rate of affective disorder of 30% compared to a rate of 2% in the rest of the sample. This relationship between parental affective disorder and poor child outcome was observed when the separated and divorced families were removed from the analyses.
Trajectories and distribution of material ejected from the Chicxulub impact crater: Implications for postimpact wildfires

[1] The trajectories of low- and high-energy ejecta from the Chicxulub impact crater have been computed using a numerical code and compared with analyses of debris deposited in K/T boundary sections. These calculations indicate that low-energy ejecta produces centimeter- to meter-thick deposits within ∼4000 km of the point of impact, although its azimuthal distribution depends on the incident angle of the projectile with the surface of the Earth. The high-energy ejecta or vapor plume rises through the atmosphere and isotropically expands at the top of the atmosphere. The velocity of this ejecta increases as it rises. Approximately 12% of the high-energy ejecta is lost because it reaches escape velocities, while ∼25% of the material reaccretes within 2 hours, ∼55% reaccretes within 8 hours, and ∼85% reaccretes within 72 hours. This ejecta is distributed globally, but it is concentrated around the Chicxulub impact site and at the antipode (corresponding to India and the Indian Ocean 65 million years ago); it is also slightly smeared in a longitudinal direction because of Earth's rotation. Because this debris does not reaccrete all at once, the collisional shock heating of the atmosphere will be drawn out over a period of a few days and will occur in pulses. This could be an important factor when calculating postimpact chemical reactions in the stratosphere. The calculations also indicate the ejecta would have ignited wildfires on several continents around the world, although the distribution of those fires depends partly on the trajectory of the projectile.
Measurement of surface roughness effects on conductivity in the terahertz regime with a high-Q quasioptical resonator

A high-Q quasi-optical resonator is used to experimentally measure metal samples with controlled nano-scale textures at 400 GHz and 650 GHz. The results explore the effect of surface roughness on effective conductivity in the terahertz regime.
Emotion work in supervisor-subordinate relations: Gender differences in the perception of angry displays

In two studies, subjects were asked to evaluate an angry incident involving a supervisor and subordinate. Collectively, the samples comprised mostly Caucasion subjects with less than 10% of the participants from African-American, Asian, and Hispanic groups. As predicted, females in the role of supervisor judged the angry display as having greater relationship cost and personal cost than males. Moreover, neither the degree of prior provocation nor sex of the target moderated the influence of gender on the perception of normative costs. Gender differences in judgments of anger intensity, controllability, and upsettingness also emerged. These differences and the problem of “managing” sexuality in the workplace are discussed.
Differential expression of IMP3 between male and female mature teratomas--immunohistochemical evidence of malignant nature.

Aims Ovarian mature teratoma is a benign tumour, whereas mature teratoma in adult testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) is considered to be a malignant tumour. IMP3, an oncofetal protein, plays an important role in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. IMP3 has been demonstrated to be a malignant biomarker that is mainly expressed in malignant neoplasms rather than benign tissues. The aim of this study was to analyse IMP3 expression in germ cell tumours, and compare its expression between male and female teratomas. Methods and results One hundred and seventy-eight cases (62 TGCTs, 52 ovarian teratomas, 27 metastatic testicular teratomas, and 37 cases of normal testicular tissue) obtained from the archives of two large academic medical centres were examined for IMP3 expression. Of the 62 TGCTs, 30 had mature teratoma components. IMP3 expression was present in 100% (30/30) of testicular mature teratoma components, and in 96% (26/27) of metastatic testicular teratomas. Other TGCT components also expressed IMP3 in 99% of cases (78/79). IMP3 expression was negative in all female mature teratomas. Conclusions We describe for the first time an immunostaining marker that has differential expression in male and female mature teratomas, indicating that their pathogenesis differs. High expression of IMP3 in adult mature testicular teratomas supports their malignant nature.
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) and Intraoperative Electrolyte Disturbances—Implications for Anesthetic Management

The administration of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is often associated with significant intraoperative electrolyte changes. We retrospectively examined the pre-HIPEC and post-HIPEC intraoperative basic metabolic panel (BMP) values of the 20 patients who underwent HIPEC at our institution between December 2009 and January 2012. For the five patients who underwent HIPEC with oxaliplatin in 5% dextrose in water (D5W), there were statistically significant changes between the pre- and post-HIPEC values of sodium (135 to 124 mmol/L), chloride (105 to 94 mmol/L), glucose (143 to 388 mg/dl) and sodium corrected for hyperglycemia (135 to 127 mmol/L). For the 14 patients who received HIPEC with mitomycin C in normal saline (NS), there were statistically significant changes in bicarbonate (24 to 21 meQ/L), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (10 to 9 mg/dl) and glucose (158 to 134 mg/dl). The BMP changes for the one patient who received doxorubicin/cisplatin in peritoneal dialysate are reported separately.
Application of Surface Mount Processes for Economical Production of High-Aspect-Ratio Microchannel Arrays

Abstract This paper reports on the feasibility of using surface mount technology (SMT) assembly processes and materials to produce highly parallel, high-aspect-ratio microchannel arrays. Experimental results show that the fabrication of high-aspectratio (> 40:1) microchannel arrays is possible using solder paste screen printing and reflow bonding. A simple model and empirical examination verifies that very little solder is wicked into the channel during reflow. The use of low bonding temperatures (under 300°C) and pressures results in well-aligned, parallel channels with low levels of warpage. Channel height variation within these microchannel arrays was measured to be less than ±1.2% of the overall mean channel height of 270.9 μm. Gravity effects on three-channel devices were found to be insignificant. The microlaminated devices were found to tolerate an air pressure of 1.72 bar (25 psi) without leakage, though it is expected that higher air pressures are possible as the devices were not tested to failure.
Cuban youth culture and receding futures: hip hop, reggaetón and pedagogías marginal

Cuba finds itself at the centre of various discourses yet again, as publications such as The Economist and others debate the future of Cuban culture and society. While issues of economics, ideology and politics are fertile ground for discussion, they do not encompass the totality of such a conversation. The authors argue that critical to the conceptualisation of the Cuba of tomorrow is an awareness of Cuban youth cultures, the multiplicity and ideations of those cultures and the role that hip hop and reggaeton play in affording an alternative spaces for self-expression, critical dialogue, a fashioning of the what is to come and the receding futures of Cuba's tomorrow.
Experiments with algorithm visualization tool development

This paper presents the initial stages of a teaching tool named iSketchmate, intended for instructor use during lecture. iSketchmate allows users to create and manipulate splay trees through an animated GUI. It improves upon existing tools by providing (1) the ability to begin with any user-defined tree, (2) a history mechanism so tree operations can be repeated or changed, and (3) finer-grained animation within each operation so instructors may give further descriptions at intermediate steps within any given operation. Experiments showed iSketchmate users could produce significantly more diagrams and these diagrams were significantly more accurate than those made with pencil and paper.
Efficient computation of volume in flow predictions

An efficient method for calculating cell volumes for time-dependent three-dimensional flow predictions by finite volume calculations is presented. Eight arbitrary corner points are considered and the shape face is divided into two planar triangles. The volume is then dependent on the orientation of the partitioning. In the case of a hexahedron, it is noted that any open surface with a boundary that is a closed curve possesses a surface vector independent of the surface shape. Expressions are defined for the surface vector, which is independent of the partitioning surface diagonal used to quantify the volume. Using a decomposition of the cell volume involving two corners, with each the vertex of three diagonals and six corners which are vertices of one diagonal, gives portions which are tetrahedra. The resultant mesh is can be used for time-dependent finite volume calculations one requires less computer time than previous methods.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration diagnosis of metastatic sex cord tumor with annular tubules: A case report

The cytologic findings of a paratracheal metastasis from a malignant sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTATs) diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration are described. Cytologic features of SCTATs include the presence of highly cellular aspirates forming simple and complex rosette-like structures around central rounded hyaline material, small nucleoli, and prominent nuclear grooves. These cytologic findings are clearly distinct from the poorly formed rosette-like structures of granulosa-cell tumors and are reminiscent of the low-power appearance of the cribriform variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The fine needle aspiration cytologic features of only two other cases have been previously described and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting the cytologic diagnosis of a distant metastasis of a SCTATs by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. In this case, the distinctive and characteristic cytologic features have allowed the proper diagnosis of a distant metastasis of SCTATs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:576–579. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Monolayer-protected nanoparticle-protein interactions.

Monolayer-protected nanoparticles provide an appealing artificial receptor scaffold for targeting proteins and related biomacromolecules. During the past two years, multiple efforts have focused on the engineering and application of nanoparticle–protein interactions. These investigations include the molecular recognition of proteins with nanoparticles in aqueous media, self-assembly of proteins and nanoparticles either in solution or on surface, and construction of nanoparticle-based protein sensors.
Injection of carbon from the shelf to offshore beneath the euphotic zone in the California Current

[1] High concentrations of chlorophyll are found in the California Current System over 300 km offshore, far from the productive coastal upwelling region, and between 150 and 250 m, well below the depth to which photosynthetically active solar radiation penetrates. This exceptionally deep chlorophyll feature is formed near the coast and transported offshore in the meandering California Current jet. Chlorophyll is forced downward along sloping density surfaces through conservation of potential vorticity along the meandering jet path. Thus mesoscale physical dynamics serve to inject large amounts of carbon, e.g., 2400 t as reported here, per event from regions of active coastal upwelling into the adjacent deep ocean, a process that must be considered when computing oceanic carbon budgets.
A parallel algorithm for the reduction of a nonsymmetric matrix to block upper-Hessenberg form

In this paper, we present an algorithm for the reduction to block upper-Hessenberg form which can be used to solve the nonsymmetric eigenvalue problem on message-passing multicomputers. On such multicomputers, a nonsymmetric matrix can be distributed across processing nodes logically configured into a two-dimensional mesh using the block-cyclic data distribution. Based on the matrix partitioning and mapping, the algorithm employs both Householder reflectors and Givens rotations within each reduction step. We analyze the arithmetic and communication complexities and describe the implementation details of the algorithm on message-passing multicomputers. We discuss two different implementations - synchronous and asynchronous - and present performance results on the Intel iPSC/860 and DELTA. We conclude with an evaluation of the algorithm’s communication cost, and suggest areas for further improvement.
Improving Mercury (II) Removal by Activated Carbon

Research was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of mercury (II) removal from water by activated carbon with and without chemical aids. Batch tests, adsorption isotherms, and column runs were made on various systems. Treatment with activated carbon alone was most effective at low pH. Addition of a precipitating chelate ammonium 1-1 pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate improved capacity for mercury removal. Treatment of the activated carbon surface with carbon disulfide was also effective in increasing carbon capacity for mercury as compared to untreated carbon. It was possible to reduce influent mercury (II) concentrations from 3 mg/l to below 5 ppb with most of the systems tested.
Presupposition and policing in complex demonstratives

The expressions this cat and that glove with a hole are complex demonstratives. In this paper, we defend a thesis about complex demonstratives. The thesis we defend concerns the role of the nominal (e.g., cat and glove with a hole) in a central class of uses. In the utterances at issue, we argue, the nominal F in that F plays a policing role: no proposition is semantically expressed by the utterance, if the object appropriated by the speaker's use of that F fails to be F. We'll call this nominal policing. In characterizing nominal policing, we introduced the concept of an appropriated object. Roughly, a speakers use of that F appropriates an object, if the speaker demonstrates that object, where demonstrations can include both publicly observable gestures by the speaker as well as speaker intentions. For example, if a speaker says That car is better than that car, successively pointing at and intending to talk about two cars in plain view, with each use of that car the speaker appropriates a different object. In this case, the object is a car both times. If in place of one of the cars, there was a boat, but the speakers intentions and gestures of pointing remained the same, the speaker would appropriate a boat by one of her uses of that car. Nominal policing predicts that the speakers utterance in this case would fail to semantically express a proposition. The thesis of nominal policing has been a focal point of debate within the literature on complex demonstratives. It has been defended by David Braun (1994) and Emma Borg (2000), while Richard Larson and Gabriel Segal (1995) have suggested that it is false. Much of this debate has relied upon the view that complex demonstratives, like bare demonstratives, are referring expressions, and paradigms of direct reference at that. If such a view is assumed, then at least part of the semantic contribution of a use of a complex demonstrative is its referent, and the crucial question becomes what, if any,
Impact of Biological Children's Adjustment on Their Siblings Who Were Adopted From China

ABSTRACT This study investigated how biological children's adjustment influenced the adjustment of their younger siblings who were adopted from China. It included 40 families with 40 biological children (average age, 7.9 years; SD = 2.3) and 40 adopted Chinese children (average age, 3.5 years; SD = 2.0). Data provided by the adoptive mothers showed that the biological children's average age was 5.3 years (SD = 3.0) when the adopted children arrived. While 95% of the adopted children and 40% of the biological children were girls, both groups of children showed favorable adjustment (as measured with the Child Behavior Checklist). The adopted children's adjustment was influenced by the adjustment of the biological children if they showed rejecting behaviors toward the adoptive mother initially and had difficulty adjusting to the biological children early on. The magnitude of the effect, however, was small.
WW domain-mediated interactions reveal a spliceosome-associated protein that binds a third class of proline-rich motif: The proline glycine and methionine-rich motif

Pre-mRNA splicing requires the bridging of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the intron. In yeast, this bridging involves interactions between the WW domains in the splicing factor PRP40 and a proline-rich domain in the branchpoint binding protein, BBP. Using a proline-rich domain derived from formin (a product of the murine limb deformity locus), we have identified a family of murine formin binding proteins (FBP’s), each of which contains one or more of a special class of tyrosine-rich WW domains. Two of these WW domains, in the proteins FBP11 and FBP21, are strikingly similar to those found in the yeast splicing factor PRP40. We show that FBP21 is present in highly purified spliceosomal complex A, is associated with U2 snRNPs, and colocalizes with splicing factors in nuclear speckle domains. Moreover, FBP21 interacts directly with the U1 snRNP protein U1C, the core snRNP proteins SmB and SmB′, and the branchpoint binding protein SF1/mBBP. Thus, FBP21 may play a role in cross-intron bridging of U1 and U2 snRNPs in the mammalian A complex.
Session 4 Summary: (Measurement-Based) Modeling

In the software engineering field we find two major types of models: of the software process and of the products the process generates.Processes and products may have attributes which are useful to model. Examples are cost and effort estimation, productivity predictions, sizing models like the function point method, reliability growth models, fault predictors, performance models of sytems, etc. More recently we have developed more elaborate process models ( e. g. [1], [7]) to help us control and improve the way we develop software.
Life stress, mood disturbance, and elevated interleukin-6 in healthy older women

Results. Alzheimer's caregivers reported significantly greater distress than women of all other groups. IL-6 levels in care­ givers were significantly higher than those of all other women. The older women had significantly higher IL-6 than young con­ trols, but there were no significant differences in IL-6 between movers and older controls. Among all women, greater depres­ sion and distress were related to higher levels of IL-6. Conclusions. These findings suggest that in older women, chronic stressors are associated with significant elevations in IL-6 over and above the elevations associated with normal aging, but that moderate stressors may not be related to appreciable eleva­ tions in IL-6.
Neuron-specific expression of human angiotensinogen in brain causes increased salt appetite

The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function. In the brain, angiotensinogen (AGT) is expressed mainly in astrocytes (glia) and in some...
A New Look at Cutaneous Features of Sjogren’s Syndrome

A 37-year-old woman with diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) presented with asymptomatic non-palpable purpura of the lower extremities. Biopsy of a purpuric macule revealed a perivascular and focally nodular lymphocytic infiltrate with large numbers of plasma cells, seemingly around eccrine glands. There was no vasculitis. The histologic findings in the skin were strikingly similar to those of salivary, parotid, and other “secretory” glands affected in SS. The cutaneous manifestations of SS highlighted in textbooks include xerosis, annular erythema, small-vessel vasculitis, and pigmented purpura. This case illustrates that purpura in skin of patients with SS may be caused by a peri-eccrine plasma-rich infiltrate. The link between hypergammaglobulinemia, auto antibodies, plasma cells infiltration, and development of extranodal B-cell lymphoma in SS remains to be elucidated.
A framework for simulation of concurrency control policy in real-time systems

Control of concurrency is a critical aspect of both performance and correctness of real-time systems. Use of formal policies and mechanisms for concurrency control, in the style of transaction processing systems, would make it easier to reason about the logical correctness of concurrently executing processes in real-time systems. Adaptation of transaction processing techniques to real-time environments is a goal of our research. In this paper we describe a simulator used to study the interactions among scheduling policy, overload management, and concurrency control policy and the effects on the performance of real-time applications. The structure and capabilities of the simulator are described and its use in the evaluation of some concurrency control options for a real-time application is demonstrated. Through this example, we show how the simulation is customized for different processing models, scheduling options, and concurrency control policies.
Intraoperative use of transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials

Patients undergoing spinal surgery are at risk of sustaining postoperative neurological deficits. Intraoperative multimodal sensory and motor-evoked potentials should decrease this possibility. Transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials (tcMMEP) have been used in 13 spinal operations for scoliosis correction with successful recordings obtained in 10 instances. Analysis of waveform amplitude is the most reliable predictor of compromise of corticospinal motor tracts. A narcotic-based anesthetic protocol was used, and muscle relaxant, nitrous oxide, and pCO2 levels were monitored continuously. This method provided a constant degree of central nervous system depression. >
The Status of Searches for Magnetic Monopoles

The fundamental principles, apparatus, procedures, and results of ongoing terrestrial searches for the superheavy magnetic monopoles (MMs) predicted by GUTs are reviewed. Approaches examined include methods based on the MM magnetic charge (Faraday induction experiments and the Parker bound from Galactic magnetic fields), MM ionization properties (MM velocity estimates; detection in scintillation and gas detectors), and the ability of MMs to catalyze nucleon decay (proton-decay experiments and cosmic-ray-shower hadronic cross section measurements). Diagrams, drawings, graphs, and tables of numerical data are provided, and plans for future MM detectors are indicated. 31 references.
Cerebral air embolism: a complication of a bleeding atrioesophageal fistula.

d t h fi c f p m s W describe a case of a 69-year-old white male with extensive comorbidities, including coronary artery disease and atrial brillation, who was using coumadin and heparin for a recently iagnosed left ventricle thrombus, initially admitted to our hosital with sepsis and ischemic stroke. Two weeks after admission, he patient was noted to have multiple episodes of melena with a rop in hematocrit from 24.4% to 19.9%. Two months prior to this dmission, he had undergone radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for trial fibrillation without complications. An upper gastrointestinal GI) endoscopy was performed, which showed red blood throughut the esophagus, with a fibrinous blood clot protruding through 6 mm mucosal defect in the middle third of the esophagus in bsence of other active bleeding source (Figure A). The lesion was elieved to be highly suspicious for an atrioesophageal fistula AEF). Computed tomography angiogram showed an anomalous ommunication between the esophagus and left atrium (Figure B). computed tomography scan of the brain was performed after he endoscopy for worsening neurological status, which revealed xtensive, multifocal intravascular pneumocephalus within the ortical vessels, dural venous sinuses, subarachnoid space, and the erebral parenchyma (Figure C). These findings were consistent ith air emboli through a cardiac shunt. Surgical repair of AEF as ruled out due to deteriorating neurological condition and oor cardiac function. A decision was subsequently made to proide comfort care only and the patient died shortly thereafter. Atrioesophageal fistula is an uncommon, but serious complicaion of radiofrequency ablation procedure performed commonly or treatment of atrial fibrillation. The incidence has been estiated to be between 0.05% and 1%.1 Symptoms can present 3 days o 41 days after ablation and may include chest pain, fever, melena, nd hematemesis. Neurological sequelae include confusion, seiures, meningitis, and stroke.2,3 Mortality is estimated to be approximately 70%. Causes of death include gastrointestinal bleed, cerebral embolism, and septic shock. Surgical repair of the fistula is the most common treatment. A single case of successful esophageal stenting for esophagomediastinal fistula after ablation has been described.4 Esophageal stent placement was not attempted in his case due to concern that further air insufflation during atempted placement would lead to more air emboli. This case highlights the importance of considering AEF in the ifferential diagnosis of patients presenting with upper gastroinestinal bleeding with or without neurological symptoms who ave undergone recent radiofrequency ablation therapy for atrial brillation. The diagnosis is most often made with upper endosopy. However minimal air insufflation during endoscopy or deerral of endoscopy until AEF is ruled out is advisable to prevent ossible air emboli through an AEF. Reported morbidity and ortality of this rare complication is extremely high and urgent urgical repair is the standard treatment.
Declining hegemony and rising international trade: Moving beyond hegemonic stability theory

In recent years, scholars have recognized some of the problems concerning the predictions of hegemonic stability theory and the trade practices of states. Whereas it had been believed that followin...
OCCULT PTSD WITH PANIC ATTACKS IN A PATIENT POST-TIA: CASE REPORT

Affective disorders are common sequelae of cerebrovascular events. A myriad of evidence demonstrates that clinically significant depression can often follow a stroke. However, less is known about the extent to which anxiety disorders present after these experiences, and in particular, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with panic attacks. To our knowledge, the association between transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and PTSD with panic attacks has not been described in the literature. Here we describe a patient with depression and PTSD with panic attacks following a transient ischemic attack. Many non-psychiatric physicians learn about post-stroke depression so they are equipped to screen for it. However, to many physicians, PTSD with panic attacks usually conjures the image of an individual who experienced either trauma or rape. Therefore, it is important to increase the awareness of such complications after TIAs. Increased awareness of these TIA sequelae has important implications for detection by non-psychiatric healthcare providers. Furthermore, prompt recognition and treatment has important implications for patient quality of life.
Performance of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in Spanish-Speaking Patients

Objective. To compare abnormal screening rates of 2 different Spanish versions of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in US Spanish-speaking patients. Method. Quasi-experimental design was used with historical and English language controls. Abnormal screening rates were compared between Spain and Western-hemisphere Spanish versions, as well as to English controls during the same time periods using chi square analysis. Results. M-CHAT questionnaires were scored from 589 subjects (English n = 415, Spanish n = 174). There was little difference between Spanish versions. Overall, the Spanish abnormal screening rate was double that of English (23.6% vs 11.3%, P < .001). Conclusions. Spanish M-CHAT questionnaires are abnormal more often than those in English even after changing to appropriate translation, despite lower prevalence of autism in Latinos. Issues with translation, interpretation, or cultural understanding of behaviors may contribute. Given abnormal screening rates for Latinos, the ...
The effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of sustained-release morphine sulfate capsules

The effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of sustained-release (SR) morphine sulfate capsules was assessed in 24 healthy male volunteers. Subjects were randomized to receive a single, 20-mg SR morphine sulfate capsule while fasting and immediately after consumption of a standard high-fat meal. Plasma samples were masked for pharmacokinetic analysis. Although the extent of absorption of the SR preparation was comparable in subjects in the fed and fasted states, plasma morphine concentrations were significantly lower at most sampling times up to 10 hours when the drug was administered after a high-fat meal. The rate of absorption of morphine from the SR capsule was slower with food intake as evidenced by a 13% decrease in the maximum concentration (Cmax), a 28% increase in the half-life of absorption, and a 19% increase in the time to Cmax. Results of this study indicate that food intake had an effect on the overall plasma-concentration-versus-time profile of the SR morphine sulfate oral preparation, the extent of which was not revealed by a comparison of Cmax and area under the plasma concentration-time curve values alone.
Effect of dispersion quality on particulate magnetic recording disk properties

The production of particulate magnetic disks or tapes requires consistent and uniform magnetic characteristics over the entire disk or tape to have as few defects as possible. To achieve this goal, the magnetic particle suspension used to coat the disk must be well dispersed. This article describes the use of a rheomagnetic instrument that provides an indirect measurement of the dispersion quality prior to coating application. The instrument was designed, tested, and put on a manufacturing scale line to characterize the relationships between the measured dispersion quality and functional characteristics of the magnetic coating. The results of tests done during scaleup for production yielded a qualitative correlation between the in-situ measurements made on the magnetic particle suspension at the coater with the surface roughness due to flocs, the on-disk orientation ratio, and the signal to noise ratio. The current results are the first demonstration of the dispersion quality measurement in a practical manufacturing environment.
Using System Identification to Improve the Performance of a Low-Cost Flight Simulator

Some low-cost flight simulators, limited by their hardware, cannot have good flight dynamic models. This paper provides a possible solution using the concept of system identification. The measured data taken from the flight tests of a high fidelity flight simulator. The flight dynamic model of the low-cost simulator is used as the candidate model. The adjustable parameters in the candidate model are estimated by matching time-domain data. A practical example is given which demonstrates the implementation of this method.
Developmental milestones: cognitive development

1. Timothy Wilks, MD* 2. R. Jason Gerber, MD† 3. Christine Erdie-Lalena, MD§ 1. *LCDR, USN, Medical Corps; Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics Fellow, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash. 2. †Major, USAF, Medical Corps, Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics Fellow, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash. 3. §Lt Col, USAF, Medical Corps, Program Director, Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics Fellowship, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the foundational aspects of cognitive development. 2. Characterize object permanence, causality, and symbolic thinking. 3. Discuss the steps of problem-solving development. 4. Describe methods of assessing language development. 5. Review language milestones. This is the second in a series of three articles on normal infant and child development. The previous article covered the acquisition of motor milestones. This article focuses on cognitive development. Social-emotional development will be discussed in the final article. Infant and child development relies on significant interdependence of the developmental streams. The infant who is concentrating on gross motor control while sitting is unlikely to be able to explore an object's detail or advance his or her manipulation of objects. The clinician must appreciate the total developmental progression of a child while also understanding the patterns of development expected within individual developmental streams. Such improved understanding of development can assist in the pediatrician's surveillance of a child's progress but will not substitute for a systematic developmental screening program, as outlined in recent American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Practice Guidelines. The complete table of developmental milestones is included in the online version of this article for reference (Table 1). The table is printed in the previous article of this series ( Pediatrics in Review . 2010;31:267–277). Cognitive development is the foundation of intelligence. The dictionary defines intelligence as the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new situations. In reality, intelligence is a broad concept that involves multiple factors and is incompletely understood. The best efforts to quantify this concept come through use of standardized intelligence tests that …
Testing two-phase transition signaling based self-timed circuits in a synthesis environment

The problem of testing self-timed circuits generated by an automatic synthesis system is studied. Two-phase transition signaling is assumed and the circuits are targeted for an asynchronous macromodule based implementation. The partitioning of the circuits into control blocks, function blocks, and predicate (conditional) blocks, originally conceived for synthesis purposes, is found to be very elegant and appropriate for test generations. The problem of data dependent control flow is solved by introducing a new macromodule called SCANSELECT (SELECT with scan). Algorithms for test generation are based on the Petri-net like representation of the physical circuit. The techniques are illustrated on the high-level synthesis system called SHILPA being developed by the authors. An important contribution of the paper is the technique to test both datapath and control parts of self-timed circuits on a unified framework by adapting existing algorithms for testing synchronous circuits. >
Mechanical Properties of Some Engineering Materials between 20°K and 300°K

The tensile and impact properties of some face centered cubic metals and alloys of engineering importance have been measured in the temperature range 20°K to 300°K. The materials investigated include six wrought aluminum alloys, OFHC copper, four copper alloys and some austenitic stainless steels. For all the materials tested, the tensile strength increased with decreasing temperature without serious loss of ductility. With one exception (304 stainless steel), the yield strength increased with decrease in temperature.
Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in differentiating cardiac muscle

Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in nuclei isolated from differentiating cardiac muscle of the rat has been characterized and its activity measured during development. Optimum enzyme activity is observed at pH 8.5. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is inhibited by ATP, thymidine, nicotinamide, theophylline, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and caffeine and stimulated by actinomycin D. The activity measured under optimal assay conditions increases during differentiation of cardiac muscle and is inversely related to the rate of DNA synthesis and to the activities of DNA polymerase alpha and thymidine kinase. When DNA synthesis and the activity of DNA polymerase alpha are inhibited in cardiac muscle of the 1-day-old neonatal rat by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or isoproterenol, the specific activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase measured in isolated nuclei is increased. The concentration of NAD+ in cardiac muscle increases during postnatal development. In the adult compared with the 1-day-old neonatal rat the concentration of NAD+ relative to fresh tissue weight, DNA or protein increased 1.7-fold, 5.2-fold or 1.4-fold respectively. The concentration of NAD+ in cardiac muscle of the 1-day-old neonatal rat can be increased by approx. 20% by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. These data suggest that NAD+ and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase may be involved with the repression of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in differentiating cardiac muscle.
Approximate treatment of electron Coulomb distortion in quasielastic (e,e') reactions.

In this paper we address the adequacy of various approximate methods of including Coulomb distortion effects in (e,${\mathit{e}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) reactions by comparing to an exact treatment using Dirac-Coulomb distorted waves. In particular, we examine approximate methods and analyses of (e,${\mathit{e}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) reactions developed by Traini et al. using a high energy approximation of the distorted waves and phase shifts due to Lenz and Rosenfelder. This approximation has been used in the separation of longitudinal and transverse structure functions in a number of (e,${\mathit{e}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) experiments including the newly published $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$(e,${\mathit{e}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) data from Saclay. We find that the assumptions used by Traini and others are not valid for typical (e,${\mathit{e}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) experiments on medium and heavy nuclei, and hence the extracted structure functions based on this formalism are not reliable. We describe an improved approximation which is also based on the high energy approximation of Lenz and Rosenfelder and the analyses of Knoll and compare our results to the Saclay data. At each step of our analyses we compare our approximate results to the exact distorted wave results and can therefore quantify the errors made by our approximations. We find that for light nuclei, we can get an excellent treatment of Coulomb distortion effects on (e,${\mathit{e}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) reactions just by using a good approximation to the distorted waves, but for medium and heavy nuclei simple additional ad hoc factors need to be included. We describe an explicit procedure for using our approximate analyses to extract so-called longitudinal and transverse structure functions from (e,${\mathit{e}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) reactions in the quasielastic region. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Frequency of histopathologic types of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) reported from a large community-based hospital over a 20 year period

19507 Background: Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) are rare tumors primarily of mesenchymal origin. The World Health Organization recognizes more than 50 subtypes of STS. Previously reported frequencies ...
Changes to Journal Ethics Policy to Address Instances of Plagiarism

Since its inception, each issue of Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis has included the journal’s statement on ethics, which outlines the behavior that is expected of authors who submit their manuscripts to the journal. Topics covered by the policy include image manipulation, disclosing financial interests, and ensuring that proper credit is given to authors whose published works are referenced in a paper. The Ethics Policy also states that ‘‘Any attempted duplication of previously published material, or plagiarism from the published or unpublished work of others will be met with severe reprimand.’’ Recognizing the consequences that instances of plagiarism in scholarly publishing have for both the authors(s) and the journal to which it was submitted, the editorial staff of MMA has expanded this single sentence into a formal policy on plagiarism. The policy codifies the existing practices of the journal regarding plagiarism into a comprehensive statement that will provide authors with a clear understanding of the journal’s expectations and potential actions in the event of plagiarism. The policy is included in this issue and is posted on the journal’s website. Every case of plagiarism is unique, and can range from an author simply lacking sufficient knowledge of proper citation practices, to deceitful and dishonest attempts to present the work of another as one’s own. In light of this fact, the policy practiced by the journal provides flexibility in addressing instances of plagiarism. The intent is to ensure the fair treatment of the author(s) while at the same time protecting the integrity of the scholarly publication process. MMA’s policy was largely adopted from the policy of the Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (JTST), which has had a comprehensive statement on plagiarism for several years. In addition, guidance from Springer and from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was integral in forming the basis for MMA’s policy. The editorial staff of MMA would like to thank JTST, Springer, and COPE for their assistance in this process. Questions about the plagiarism policy for MMA can be directed to the journal Editor at ryan.deacon@asminternational.org.