cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feedback control of hypothalamic drinking

Abstract Stomach preloads of water increased the minimum current intensity necessary to elicit drinking from the lateral hypothalamus of satiated rats. The increase was greater 30 min after loading than 15 min after, probably indicating that water absorbed into the body fluids exerts a greater inhibitory effect on drinking than does water in the stomach.
Heavy-residue isoscaling as a probe of the symmetry energy of hot fragments

The isoscaling properties of isotopically resolved projectile residues from peripheral collisions of $^{86}\mathrm{Kr}$ (25 MeV/nucleon) $^{64}\mathrm{Ni}$ (25 MeV/nucleon), and $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ (20 MeV/nucleon) beams on various target pairs are employed to probe the symmetry energy coefficient of the nuclear binding energy. The present study focuses on heavy projectile fragments produced in peripheral and semiperipheral collisions near the onset of multifragment emission (${E}^{*}/A=2$--3 MeV). For these fragments, the measured average velocities are used to extract excitation energies. The excitation energies, in turn, are used to estimate the temperatures of the fragmenting quasiprojectiles in the framework the Fermi gas model. The isoscaling analysis of the fragment yields provided the isoscaling parameters \ensuremath{\alpha} that, in combination with temperatures and isospin asymmetries provided the symmetry energy coefficient of the nuclear binding energy of the hot fragmenting quasiprojectiles. The extracted values of the symmetry energy coefficient at this excitation energy range (2--3 MeV/nucleon) are lower than the typical liquid-drop model value \ensuremath{\sim}25 MeV corresponding to ground-state nuclei and show a monotonic decrease with increasing excitation energy. This result is of importance in the formation of hot nuclei in heavy-ion reactions and in hot stellar environments such as supernova.
The EBMT Paediatric Diseases Working Party: current concepts and future aims

The mission of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) is to promote and facilitate access to state-of-the art knowledge and develop new strategies in all fields of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The EBMT Paediatric Diseases Working Party aims to reach those goals for children and adolescents who undergo this procedure. In addition the PD WP acts as platform for multinational cooperation to meet the specific needs of young patients before, during and particularly after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Access to the outdoors: using photographic comparison to assess preferences of assisted living residents

Abstract Older adults in long-term care facilities have been found to value spending time outdoors, and studies suggest they may potentially derive health benefits. To better understand how the physical environment supports outdoor usage in assisted living, findings from a previous study using verbal assessments (focus groups and written surveys), were further examined with visual assessment techniques. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, facilities (n = 14) and residents (n = 133) were randomly selected from all larger facilities (50+ resident capacity) in a 12-county region of south central Texas. Residents were asked to choose the image they preferred in each pair of large color photographs depicting outdoor areas and transition zones at a variety of assisted living facilities. In each pair, a single environmental variable was digitally modified in one of the images, to represent one of six constructs being tested. Data were analysed by how many of the four possible examples subjects chose for each construct. Responses significantly favored the hypothesized constructs, and generally supported the relevant behavioral research and design literature. By isolating individual elements, this study helped identify specific environmental features preferred by residents, for possible application toward facility design. Paired photographic comparison was found to be a feasible way to test environmental preferences in assisted living residents.
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Glycolipids in Wheat Endosperm: A New Tool for Breeders to Rank and Select Early Seed Generations

Wheat breeding for end-use quality is enhanced by development and application of a selective and sensitive method for ranking early generation cultivars as part of the effort of generating desirable wheat lipids. A desirable wheat lipid, the increased concentration of which in hard wheat flour correlates positively with bread loaf volume, is digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG). A mass spectrometric test for DGDG was applied to 100-mg samples of flour isolated from the F6 generation of hard winter wheats. The test enables prediction of desirable lipids in early generations so that decisions about the F6 progeny improve wheat breeding efficiency. Previous attempts to screen wheat cultivars for desirable glycolipids were constrained by sample size, lipid extraction and purification, and time. Here, we present flour glycolipid data obtained from individual wheat plants grown in short rows in two nurseries. The endosperm (100 mg) representing several kernels was exhaustively extracted with a total lipid solvent. Following isolation of the lipids and addition of an internal standard, the lipids were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry (MS–MS). The concentration of DGDG in the flour from five to seven kernels was found to vary by a factor of two within single nurseries. Thus, early generation lipid screening enables informed selection for this hard wheat quality indicator.
Supervision Training: What We Know and What We Need to Know

In this article, the authors explore supervision training, with special emphasis on the theoretical underpinnings and empirical evaluations of supervision for training social work field instructors and clinical staff in professional practice. The authors present an overview of the current literature and research on approaches to supervision training, including the content, format, and effectiveness of contemporary training models. The authors highlight findings from their recent studies, in which they examined a supervision-training model they designed and implemented, based on the relationship between attachment styles, affects, supervisory working alliance, and student competencies. Finally, the authors examine the implications and suggestions for future supervision training and research.
Influence of local variations of yield strength on plastic zones at crack tips

Abstract The preponderance of existing literature which deals with plastic zones near crack tips considers materials and analyses in which the yield strength value is taken to be constant and uniform throughout the region under investigation, at least initially. Such an assumption is not easily defended if one is to consider crack initiation and propagation in real engineering components which may have been forged, cold worked, annealed, or cast during manufacture. The present work establishes analytically and experimentally the influence of one-dimensional gradients of yield strength on the size and shape of plastic zones in single edge notched (SEN) 7075-T6 aluminum specimens.
The DIE is cast: The continuing evolution of intercultural communication's favorite classroom exercise

This article reviews the origins and continual evolution of what may be the most widely used exercise in intercultural communication workshops and classes. The popular DIE exercise, developed in the 1970s, was derived from General Semantics exercises presented in the Speech discipline decades before Intercultural Communication emerged as a field in itself. The exercise, which is known by its ominous acronym ‘‘DIE,’’ asks people to observe an unusual object or a photograph of an unfamiliar scene, and then first ‘‘describe’’ what they see, then ‘‘intferpret’’ possible meanings, and finally to ‘‘evaluate’’ by giving their value judgments. While the DIE exercise has been a favorite among teachers and professional trainers in the area of intercultural communication with variations in format and applications for three decades, the ambiguity between interpretation and evaluation and the ominous acronym itself have been problematic. This article proposes a DAE version utilizing a significant Korean word [dae] as a more felicitous acronym: describe, analyze, evaluate. This avoids the negative association of the DIE acronym and the often mentioned ambiguity of the words interpretation and evaluation. In addition, attention to other cultural perspectives is signaled through the use of a non-English word as the name of the exercise.
Linkage illuminates a complex genome.

High-resolution linkage analysis enabled by transcriptome sequencing brings order to the genome of a polyploid crop.
Lowered DHCR7 activity measured by ergosterol conversion in multiple cell types in Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome

Abstract Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol metabolism characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. SLOS results from mutations in 7-dehydrocholesterol Δ 7 reductase ( DHCR7 ), the gene encoding the final enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The resulting cholesterol deficiency and excessive 7- and 8-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC, 8-DHC) in plasma and tissues are almost always diagnostic for SLOS. We measured DHCR7 activity in fibroblasts, amniocytes, and chorionic villi from controls, heterozygotes, and SLOS subjects. The enzyme activity (expressed as percent conversion of substrate) was significantly lower in untransformed fibroblasts from SLOS subjects (4.47%±0.72) compared to untransformed fibroblasts from heterozygotes (26.6%±4.6, p p DHCR7 mutations for most of the subjects. There was no significant correlation of enzyme activity with severity score, plasma cholesterol level, plasma 7-DHC level, or the 7-DHC:cholesterol ratio. We conclude that even though enzyme activity as measured by the ergosterol assay may not correlate with severity, this assay has the potential to distinguish SLOS cells from carrier or unaffected cells in a variety of cell types, and should prove useful in confirming a diagnosis in atypical cases where sterol levels are equivocal. Additionally, it may be important to measure residual enzyme activity in SLOS subjects being considered for a trial of statins, as this treatment could theoretically be detrimental in subjects with little or no DHCR7 activity. Finally, the data suggest a threshold enzyme activity of 8% conversion, below which disease occurs.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Detection and Genotype Calling from Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) Data

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS), since its debut in 2005, has transformed the field of genomic studies. These new sequencing technologies have resulted in the successful identification of causal variants for several rare Mendelian disorders. They have also begun to deliver on their promise to explain some of the missing heritability from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex traits. We anticipate a rapidly growing number of MPS-based studies for a diverse range of applications in the near future. One crucial and nearly inevitable step is to detect SNPs and call genotypes at the detected polymorphic sites from the sequencing data. Here, we review statistical methods that have been proposed in the past five years for this purpose. In addition, we discuss emerging issues and future directions related to SNP detection and genotype calling from MPS data.
Graph-based hierarchical conceptual clustering

Hierarchical conceptual clustering has proven to be a useful, although under-explored, data mining technique. A graph-based representation of structural information combined with a substructure discovery technique has been shown to be successful in knowledge discovery. The SUBDUE substructure discovery system provides one such combination of approaches. This work presents SUBDUE and the development of its clustering functionalities. Several examples are used to illustrate the validity of the approach both in structured and unstructured domains, as well as to compare SUBDUE to the Cobweb clustering algorithm. We also develop a new metric for comparing structurally-defined clusterings. Results show that SUBDUE successfully discovers hierarchical clusterings in both structured and unstructured data.
Axial dispersion during pulsating pipe flow

A method is developed for the treatment of data obtained from flow systems whose performance is unsteady and periodic. Experimental results from a study of axial dispersion in pulsating turbulent flow in an open, round pipe are presented; they show that pulsations can greatly increase axial mixing.
Language and Cognition: Effects of Stimulus Codability, Name-Word Frequency, and Age of Acquisition on Lexical Reaction Time.

Intersubject agreement on names (uncertainty) for pictures indexes codability of visual reality in a language community. The time it takes to access permanent memory and retrieve name-words for visual objects was measured by picture naming reaction time ( RT ). RT is influenced by four fundamental variables: the uncertainty-codability of the display, the frequency and age of acquisition of the lexical response, and the interval between occasions of picture naming; uncertainty, frequency, and acquisition age covary. An eight-variable regression model mapped the main processes in lexical retrieval. Effects of major variables are independent. RT increases with uncertainty in two nonlinear segments, with apparent algorithmic processing at low uncertainty and heuristic at high. Individual differences reside primarily in RT level (intercepts) and minimally in functional relationships with independent variables.
New results on the performance of MT-DS-SS in the presence of phase noise

Multicarrier (MC) modulation and code-division multiple access (CDMA) schemes have seen much recent attention for the high capacities and flexibility they can provide. A potential difficulty with these systems is their sensitivity to the effects of imperfect orthogonality among subcarriers caused by imperfect frequency up/down conversion due to phase noise. In this work, we provide a general method to upper bound and/or approximate system performance in multitone direct-sequence spread spectrum (MT-DS-SS) signaling in the presence of phase noise, and improve on prior work. We model phase noise as a slow random process with small variance. We assume coherent detection with BPSK modulation and use a phase noise model based upon one for a practical phase-locked loop (PLL). Comparisons between simulations and analysis show excellent agreement, and also show that performance degradation is dominated by the common phase noise, and that the intercarrier interference (ICI) contribution is very small. Our analytical/numerical method is useful for performance evaluation when the target error probability values are of the order of 10/sup -6/ or lower, and can also be easily applied to any multicarrier system with other phase noise models.
Superresolution through space–time control of two-level quantum systems

Spatial structure created by pulsed field interactions with two-level systems is considered. Superresolved pattern formation is possible by the use of extra degrees of freedom programmed in the time-domain field. In analogy with slice selection in magnetic resonance imaging, the two-level system with no decay constants is shown to be completely controllable. The effects of noise, dephasing, and inhomogeneous broadening are considered.
Identifying variation in police officer behavior between juveniles and adults

article i nfo This research explores the basis of officer decision making during encounters with juvenile suspects, and compares these encounters to those between police and adults. Specifically, two types of officer behavior are examined: the decision to arrest, and the exercise of authority. Officer behavior during encounters with juvenile suspects is compared and contrasted to encounters with adult suspects. Results from multivariate analyses find juveniles are significantly more likely to be arrested than adults; however, officers do not exercise different levels of authority during interactions with juvenile suspects. Results also indicate that the factors shaping officer behavior varies across age of suspect, namely, the community context and officer's race offer significantly different influences on juveniles than on adults. Other factors also influence officer discretion differently depending on the age of the suspect, most noteworthy being disrespectful demeanor. The results indicate that police officer behavior during encounters with juvenile suspects is very different than during encounters with adults.
Tuberculosis rates among HIV-Infected persons in New York City, 2001-2005

We calculated population-based tuberculosis (TB) rates among HIV-infected persons in New York City from 2001 through 2005 using data from the city's TB and HIV/AIDS surveillance registries, and we examined those rates using linear trend tests and incidence rate ratios (IRRs). HIV-infected individuals had 16 times the TB rate of a “non-HIV” population (HIV status negative or unknown; IRR = 16.0; 95% confidence interval = 14.9, 17.2). TB rates declined significantly among the US-born HIV-infected population (P trend < .001) but not among the foreign-born HIV-infected population (P trend = .355). Such disparities must be addressed if further declines are to be achieved.
Vascular smooth muscle cell durotaxis depends on substrate stiffness gradient strength.

Mechanical compliance is emerging as an important environmental cue that can influence certain cell behaviors, such as morphology and motility. Recent in vitro studies have shown that cells preferentially migrate from less stiff to more stiff substrates; however, much of this phenomenon, termed durotaxis, remains ill-defined. To address this problem, we studied the morphology and motility of vascular smooth muscle cells on well-defined stiffness gradients. Baselines for cell spreading, polarization, and random motility on uniform gels with moduli ranging from 5 to 80 kPa were found to increase with increasing stiffness. Subsequent analysis of the behavior of vascular smooth muscle cells on gradient substrata (0–4 kPa/100 μm, with absolute moduli of 1–80 kPa) demonstrated that the morphology on gradient gels correlated with the absolute modulus. In contrast, durotaxis (evaluated quantitatively as the tactic index for a biased persistent random walk) and cell orientation with respect to the gradient both increased with increasing magnitude of gradient, but were independent of the absolute modulus. These observations provide a foundation for establishing quantitative relationships between gradients in substrate stiffness and cell response. Moreover, these results reveal common features of phenomenological cell response to chemotactic and durotactic gradients, motivating further mechanistic studies of how cells integrate and respond to multiple complex signals.
Gender Attitudes and Sexual Behaviors Comparing Center and Marginal Athletes and Nonathletes in a Collegiate Setting

This research examines the impact of participating in different sports on male athletes' gender attitudes, hegemonic masculinity, sexual behavior, and sexual aggression. Expanding on past research that compares athletes with nonathletes, this research finds differences between collegiate athletes and men who do not participate in collegiate sports, as well as between men who play different collegiate sports. Athletes in center sports (such as football) scored significantly higher on hyper-masculinity scales, had lower attitudes toward women, and displayed more sexual aggression and more sexual activity than men who competed in marginal sports (e.g., track and field) or not at all.
SimRacer: an automated framework to support testing for process-level races

Faults introduced by races are difficult to detect because they usually occur only under specific execution interleavings. Numerous program analysis and testing techniques have been proposed to detect races between threads. Little work, however, has addressed the problem of detecting and testing for process-level races, in which two processes access a shared resource without proper synchronization. In this paper, we present SIMRACER, a novel testing-based framework that allows engineers to effectively test for process-level races. SIMRACER first computes potential races based on runtime traces obtained by running existing tests on target processes, and then it controls process scheduling relative to the potential races so that real races can be created. We implemented SIMRACER on a commercial virtual platform that is widely used to support hardware/software co-design. We then evaluated its effectiveness on sixteen real-world applications containing known process-level races. Our results show that SIMRACER is effective at detecting process-level races, and more effective than traditional stress testing techniques at detecting faults caused by those races.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Two-Dimensional Dam-Break Flows

AbstractThis paper presents measurements of velocity profiles obtained from idealized dam-break experiments and results from numerical simulations of these experiments. Dam-break flows were generated in the laboratory by suddenly lifting a gate inside a flume for three different upstream heads with a dry-bed downstream condition. Ultrasonic Doppler velocity profilers were used for recording transient velocity profiles at eight different locations upstream and downstream of the removed gate. These experiments provided data on the spatio-temporal evolution of the flow field in an unsteady flow of relatively short duration. The two-dimensional experiments were simulated using a computational fluid dynamics solver. The following observations are made: (1) turbulence modeling does not affect the velocity profile in the upstream reservoir, but has significant influence on the prediction of downstream velocity; (2) the velocity magnitude at a specific location changes with time, but the shape of the velocity pro...
Insertional mutagenesis in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis mediated by IS946

Insertional mutagenesis by an IS946-based integration vector (pTRK145) was demonstrated in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The suicide vector pTRK145 does not replicate in Gram-positive bacteria and, therefore, expression of its erythromycin resistance (Emr) determinant in lactococci requires integration into the bacterial genome. Random integration of pTRK145 in L. lactis MG1363, a Rec+ strain with regions of homology to IS946, was demonstrated by digesting the chromosomal DNA from 20 integrants with EcoRI, which cuts pTRK145 once. Hybridization with a pTRK145-specific probe identified junction fragments which varied in size, indicating random insertion. The utility of pTRK145 was demonstrated by screening integrants for a mutant deficient in maltose utilization (Mal−). A Mal− mutation coincident with pTRK145 integration was isolated. Upon excision of the insert in vivo, the Mal+ Ems phenotype was restored. IS946-based vectors have the potential for development into effective insertional mutagens which may be valuable for localization and cloning of chrosomal genes in lactococci.
Management of anteriorly located C1-C2 neurofibromata

The authors discuss their recent experience with anteriorly located C1-C2 neurofibromata in five patients with cervical myelopathy and magnetic resonance scans consistent with intradural extramedullary masses in this region. Surgery was performed using a posterolateral approach with microscopic intradural exploration. Gross total intradural tumor removal was achieved in all cases. Improvement in cervical myelopathy occurred in all patients. This report concludes that C1-C2 neurofibromata located anterior to the spinal cord can be totally and safely removed using a posterolateral approach. Improvement in neurologic dysfunction accompanies posterior decompression and gross total intradural tumor removal.
Oceanic gas hydrate instability and dissociation under climate change scenarios

[1] Global oceanic deposits of methane gas hydrate (clathrate) have been implicated as the main culprit for a repeated, remarkably rapid sequence of global warming effects that occurred during the late Quaternary period. However, the behavior of contemporary oceanic methane hydrate deposits subjected to rapid temperature changes, like those predicted under future climate change scenarios, is poorly understood, and existing studies focus on deep hydrate deposits under equilibrium conditions. In this study, we simulate the dynamic response of several types of oceanic gas hydrate accumulations to temperature changes at the seafloor and assess the potential for methane release into the ecosystem. The results suggest that while many deep hydrate deposits are indeed stable under the influence of rapid seafloor temperature variations, shallow deposits, such as those found in arctic regions or in the Gulf of Mexico, can undergo rapid dissociation and produce significant carbon fluxes over a period of decades.
Single-bunch instability estimates for the 1-nm APS storage ring upgrade with a smaller vacuum chamber

We recently studied a lattice achieving 1 -nm emittance at the APS storage ring [1]. The successful design required very strong sextupoles in order to tune the machine to the desired positive chromaticity. A preliminary design of such magnets indicated saturation in the poles unless the vacuum chamber gets smaller by a factor of two compared to the existing APS chamber. Since the resistive wall impedance scales as 1/b3, where b is the radius of the chamber, we questioned how much current we can store in a single bunch at the 1-nm storage ring. In order to answer this question quantitatively, we calculated all wake potentials of impedance elements of the existing APS storage ring with the transverse dimension properly scaled but with the longitudinal dimension kept unchanged. With the newly calculated impedance of a smaller chamber, we estimated the single- bunch current limit. It turned out that the ring with a smaller chamber would not diminish the single-bunch current limit substantially. We present both wake potentials of 1-nm and the existing rings followed by the simulation results carried out for determining the accumulation limit to the ring.
Description of anxiety levels by individual differences and clinical factors in patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support

Abstract Background Though anxiety is a common experience for patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support, little is known about how it may vary among patients on the basis of individual or clinical factors. There is an absence of data objectively describing anxiety levels in ventilated patients on the basis of salient factors that could be useful in designing and tailoring interventions. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe anxiety levels in a sample of mechanically ventilated patients by individual differences (eg, gender or ethnicity) and clinical factors (eg, medical indication for and length of mechanical ventilation). Sample Two hundred alert, mechanically ventilated adult patients were recruited from 9 intensive care units in the urban Midwest. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of existing data that used a descriptive design. Anxiety was assessed via the 20-item Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Results Whereas state anxiety varied widely, participants receiving mechanical ventilatory support reported moderate anxiety (mean = 49.2) with comparable levels by gender and ethnicity. Patients receiving ventilatory support for greater than 22 days tended to report slightly higher state anxiety (mean = 54.2) compared with those chronically ventilator dependent (mean = 45.8). Those participants with primarily respiratory diagnoses reported the highest levels (50.5) among the diagnostic groups. Findings from this study document the individual, variable nature of state anxiety. Additional research is needed to further elucidate whether these and other important clinical factors, such as illness severity or dyspnea, affect state anxiety ratings in ventilated patients to guide the researcher and clinician in appropriately testing and tailoring interventions.
Using in Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging to Shed Light on Cancer Biology

Luciferases are light-emitting enzymes that have been used as reporters of biological function for several decades, and have more recently been used as reporters for the study of biological processes in living animals. Although these enzymes appear to have evolved independently in different species, they are all oxygenases that require energy, a chemical substrate, and oxygen. The technologies of detecting their weak bioluminescent signals in the bodies of living rodent models of human biology and disease, comprise the optical imaging method called in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI). BLI has been applied to a number of questions in cancer research, including studies of tumor burden, response to therapy, assessment of gene expression, and development of metastatic lesions. The considerations necessary for evaluating image data obtained by this method, the advances in technology development, and recent applications in the study of cancer are the focus of this paper.
Trends in case-mix-adjusted use of radiology resources at an urban level 1 trauma center.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine the utilization rates of diagnostic radiology services at an urban level 1 trauma center.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This was an observational study of imaging use patterns from 1993 to 1998. Data were segregated by patient type and imaging procedure. Annual hospital admissions were adjusted for severity of illness using the Health Care Financing Administration's case-mix index. Per-patient imaging trends for the emergency department and outpatients were assessed using a ratio of the total number of procedures to the number of patient visits. Linear regression models were used to assess the strength of associations between resource use, measured as relative value units (RVUs), and independent variables (calendar year, patient type, and examination type).RESULTS. The RVUs for all imaging increased 53% for inpatients, 69% for outpatients, and 85% in the emergency department. No significant trend for use was found for the aggregate of inpatient imaging. There...
Distinct Endothelial Phenotypes Evoked by Arterial Waveforms Derived from Atherosclerosis-Susceptible and -Resistant Regions of Human Vasculature

The authors conducted this study to determine the role of local hemodynamic forces in atherogenesis. They cultured endothelial cel's and used an in vitro dynamic flow system to reproduce arterial shear stress waveforms to examine its effects. Flow patterns in carotid artery bifurcations of several healthy patients were examined. The authors identified differential patterns of gene expression in endothelial cells induced oy atheroprone and atheroprotective shear stress waveforms. The waveforms were applied to cultured endothelial cells and patterns of endothelial cell gene expression were analyzed. Data revea3 a distinct phenotypic modulation in response to the wall shear stresses.
Effects of recombinant interferon-γ on HLA-DR antigen shedding by human peripheral blood adherent mononuclear cells

Two reproducible and sensitive assays have been developed for the detection of cell-free HLA-DR antigen, an antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity inhibition assay (CIA) and a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). One unit of cell-free HLA-DR antigen has been quantitated to be the equivalent of 27.5 ng pure DR antigen/ml. Human peripheral blood adherent mononuclear cells (PBAMC), as well as DR+ monocytes and B lymphoblastoid cell lines but not T lymphocytes, were observed to shed DR-bearing vesicles in vitro. Human recombinant IFN-gamma induces the expression of Ia/DR antigen by PBAMC by increasing both the number of cells expressing DR antigen and the density per cell. After incubation with IFN-gamma, PBAMC also shed significantly more DR antigen. The degree of DR expression and shedding is dependent on the dose of IFN-gamma. The shedding of DR antigen occurred concomitantly with the inductive phase of cell membrane antigen expression, and very little DR antigen appeared in culture supernatants subsequent to the removal of IFN-gamma. The possible physiologic significance of shed DR antigen is discussed.
High-energy scattering in noncommutative field theory

We analyze high-energy scattering for noncommutative field theories using the dual gravity description. We find that the Froissart-Martin bound still holds, but that cross sections stretch in the noncommutative directions in a way dependent on the infrared cutoff. This puzzling behavior suggests new aspects of UV/IR mixing.
A Mathematical Model for Estimation of Broiler Egg Weight Loss from Physical Dimensions and Air Cell Size During Incubation

Abstract A formula was derived that will enable hatcheries to estimate percentage weight loss using the width, length, and air cell diameter of the egg. The formula was derived by fitting an equation to the shape of the egg and using this shape equation to obtain estimates of air cell volume and egg volume. These estimates were coupled with the principle that weight = density × volume to give the final formula as a function of air cell diameter + egg width. The formula was tested by comparing its estimated values with measured values from eggs set at two different incubation conditions chosen to cover the range of conditions found in commercial hatcheries. As the day of transfer approached, embryo size and distortion of the air cell caused inaccuracies to develop in the results of this equation. However, data suggest that the equation can be used to calculate percentage weight loss until approximately the 16th day of incubation.
Excitation energies in 22 Mg from the 25 Mg ( 3 He , 6 He ) 22 Mg reaction

A high-precision measurement of excitation energies in ${}^{22}\mathrm{Mg}$ was performed using the ${}^{25}\mathrm{Mg}{(}^{3}\mathrm{He}{,}^{6}\mathrm{He}{)}^{22}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction as a different approach to study this proton-rich, astrophysically interesting nucleus. The reaction was studied at 51.0 MeV with the Enge split-pole spectrograph at Yale. Proton-unbound states at 6.051(4) and 6.329(6) MeV were observed, confirming a recent identification of these new states with the ${}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}{(p,t)}^{22}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction. There is no evidence in our data of a previously reported state at 5.837 MeV.
The identification of severity ranges for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

AbstractObjective: The present study established severity cut-off scores for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) based on a widely used depression symptom severity measure, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).Background: The EPDS is a widely used screening tool to identify clinically significant levels of depression in postpartum women. Traditionally, an EPDS cut-off score is used to identify probable depression. This dichotomisation of postpartum women into depressed vs. non-depressed groups fails to account for valuable information regarding the variability in symptom severity among those in the depressed group. The identification of depression severity ranges (e.g. mild, moderate or severe) for the EPDS would provide incremental information regarding level of depression, which in turn, could inform treatment referrals.Methods: A sample of 1516 postpartum women completed the EPDS and the BDI. Equipercentile linking was used to develop concordance between EPDS and BDI scores, and severity ran...
Chile en la experiencia latinoamericana de la "solidaridad" y del nacimiento de la "razón poética" en María Zambrano

El presente trabajo se propone contribuir a la genealogia de la razon poetica, concepto clave dentro del pensamiento de la filosofa espanola Maria Zambrano y al respecto realiza un aporte esencial: el analisis detallado de un texto publicado en Chile que no habia sido considerado en su importancia. Hablamos de "A los poetas chilenos de Madre Espana", firmado por Zambrano en enero de 1937, texto-epilogo de la antologia Madre Espana: Homenaje de los poetas chilenos. Con el analisis de este texto se polemiza acerca de la idea aceptada en la bibliografia zambraniana de que el concepto razon poetica emerge textualmente por primera vez en el articulo "La guerra de Antonio Machado", publicado en Hora de Espana XII, diciembre de 1937 (Zambrano, 1937d), cuando en realidad lo encontramos antes, escrito y publicado en el texto "Madre Espana". Mi objetivo no se dirige simplemente a probar que el concepto ha aparecido antes, sino a que ha nacido ya su expresion textual que, como se demostrara, funciona como una matriz por no decir aun como "un metodo". Este debate no constituye un mero ejercicio de rigor academico, sino que aspira a enriquecer la vision que se tiene actualmente sobre la influencia de los contextos latinoamericanos en la obra de la pensadora espanola. Con el estudio de "Madre Espana" devolvemos este texto a su contexto historico y a las circunstancias personales por las que atravesaba la autora cuando lo escribio. De esa forma, sera mas facil proseguir analizando la espiral de desarrollo de su pensamiento y la compleja integracion de generos discursivos en su escritura. Por ultimo, se pretende destacar que la experiencia humana y colectiva de la solidaridad que constato en Chile debe ser considerada como una de las "categorias de la vida" que marcaron el inicio del itinerario de la razon poetica en Maria Zambrano.
Discovery of an in Vivo Tool to Establish Proof-of-Concept for MAP4K4-Based Antidiabetic Treatment

Recent studies in adipose tissue, pancreas, muscle, and macrophages suggest that MAP4K4, a serine/threonine protein kinase may be a viable target for antidiabetic drugs. As part of the evaluation of MAP4K4 as a novel antidiabetic target, a tool compound, 16 (PF-6260933) and a lead 17 possessing excellent kinome selectivity and suitable properties were delivered to establish proof of concept in vivo. The medicinal chemistry effort that led to the discovery of these lead compounds is described herein together with in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and activity in a model of insulin resistance.
Educational diagnosis of patients.

By drawing on findings from the field of education and “diagnosing” patients in terms of the manner in which they learn, the author suggests that dietitians may be able to improve their results in achieving changes in food habits by patients.
Extraction and Purification of DNA from Complex Biological Sample Matrices Using Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Real-Time PCR

The determination of extremely small quantities of DNA from complex biological sample matrices represents a significant bottleneck in nucleic acid analysis. In this study, polymeric ionic liquid (PIL)-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was applied for the extraction and purification of DNA from crude bacterial cell lysate with subsequent quantification by real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis. Using an on-fiber ultraviolet initiated polymerization technique, eight different PIL sorbent coatings were generated and their DNA extraction performance evaluated using qPCR. The PIL sorbent coating featuring halide anions and carboxylic acid groups in the cationic portion exhibited superior DNA extraction capabilities when compared to the other studied PILs and a commercial polyacrylate SPME fiber. Electrostatic interactions as well as an ion-exchange mechanism were identified as the driving forces in DNA extraction by the PIL sorbents. The selectivity of the PIL sorbent coating for DNA was demonstrated in the pres...
Old Wine in (Somewhat Leaky) New Bottles: Some Comments on Beall

Dialetheists concerning the paradoxes of self-refrence have often argued that the phenomeonon provides a choice between inconsistency and expressive incompleteness, and that inconsistency is the correct choice. In a recent paper ( `Trivialising Sentences and the Promise of Semantic Completeness', Analysis (2015) 75: 573-84), JC Beall attacks this argument. This paper analyses his arguments, and argues that his paper simply provides a new spin on matters well known.
Rehabilitation of Neurosurgical Conditions

The goal of a rehabilitation program for patients with neurosurgical conditions is to help each individual return to the highest level of function, independence and quality of life. This team approach enhances the individual patient and family treatment plan. The treatment recommendations address both the physical and psychological (mental) aspects that patients may experience with a neurosurgical diagnosis. Neuro-rehab is available for many different diagnoses such as stroke, subdural hematoma (SDH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), aneurysm, brain tumor, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI) and other neurologic conditions.
Positive public economics: reinterpreting ‘optimal’ policies

The standard positive/normative divide fails to capture the way economists use ‘optimal’ taxation models. This paper argues that the better way to understand public economics is through a three-part division between positive, normative, and instrumental models. An instrumental model is about means and ends. Once this additional dimension is acknowledged, one can see that ‘optimal’ taxation models are closely connected to what are generally seen as purely positive models. I argue that economists have been using similar standards to assess ‘optimal’ taxation models as they use to assess positive models. Recent advances in optimal taxation theory have embraced the positive aspects of models, even about social welfare functions, something that is generally classified as a normative.
A fluorogenic nanobody array tag for prolonged single molecule imaging in live cells

Prolonged single molecule imaging in live cells requires labels that do not aggregate, have high contrast, and are photo-stable. To address these requirements, we have generated arrays of modular protein domains that function as fluorophore recruitment platforms. ArrayG, a linear repeat of GFP-nanobodies, recruits free monomeric wild-type GFP, which brightens ~15-fold upon binding the array. The fluorogenic ArrayG tag effectively eliminates background fluorescence from free binders, a major impediment to high-throughput acquisition of long trajectories in recruitment based imaging strategies. The photo-stability of ArrayG and consistently low background allowed us to continuously track single integrins for as long as 105 seconds (2100 frames). Prolonged tracking of both kinesin and integrin revealed repeated state-switching events, a measurement capability that is crucial to a mechanistic understanding of complex cellular processes. We also report an orthogonal array tag, based on a DHFR-nanobody, for prolonged dual color imaging of single molecules.
Toward a Galois theory of the integers over the sphere spectrum

Abstract Recent work (Ando et al., 2015, 2014; Beardsley, 2017; Hess, 2010; Rognes, 2008) in higher algebra allows the reinterpretation of a classical description (Blumberg, 2010; Cohen et al., 1981; Mahowald, 1977; Mahowald et al., 2001) of the Eilenberg–MacLane spectrum H Z as a Thom spectrum, in terms of a kind of derived Galois theory. This essentially expository talk summarizes some of this work, and suggests an interpretation in terms of configuration spaces and monoidal functors on them, with some analogies to a topological field theory.
Anharmonic Densities of States for Vibrationally Excited I–(H2O), (H2O)2, and I–(H2O)2

Monte Carlo sampling calculations were performed to determine the anharmonic sum of states, Nanh(E), for I–(H2O), (H2O)2, and I–(H2O)2 versus internal energy up to their dissociation energies. The anharmonic density of states, ρanh(E), is found from the energy derivative of Nanh(E). Analytic potential energy functions are used for the calculations, consisting of TIP4P for H2O···H2O interactions and an accurate two-body potential for the I–···H2O fit to quantum chemical calculations. The extensive Monte Carlo samplings are computationally demanding, and the use of computationally efficient potentials was essential for the calculations. Particular emphasis is directed toward I–(H2O)2, and distributions of its structures versus internal energy are consistent with experimental studies of the temperature-dependent vibrational spectra. At their dissociation thresholds, the anharmonic to harmonic density of states ratio, ρanh(E)/ρh(E), is ∼2, ∼ 3, and ∼260 for I–(H2O), (H2O)2, and I–(H2O)2, respectively. The lar...
Case-Based Bayesian Network Classifiers.

We propose a new approach for learning Bayesian classifiers from data. Although it relies on traditional Bayesian network (BN) learning algorithms, the effectiveness of our approach lies in its ability to organize and structure the data in such a way that allows us to represent the domain knowledge more accurately than possible in traditional BNs. We use clustering to partition the data into meaningful patterns, where each pattern is characterized and discriminated from other patterns by an index. These patterns decompose the domain knowledge into different components with each component defined by the context found in its index. Each component can then be represented by a local BN. We argue that this representation is more expressive than traditional BNs in that it can represent domain dependency assertions more precisely and relevantly. Our empirical evaluations show that using our proposed approach to learning classifiers results in improved classification accuracy.
Health care in the early 1960s.

has a double set of meanings for me. I am a historian, and the 1960s are now "history," ripe for new interpretations. Yet I was also an immigrant to the United States in 1961, fresh from working as an administrator in the British National Health Service. The period immediately before the Medicare legislation in 1965 shines in my memory with the vividness of new impressions: those of a young health care student trying to make sense of the U. S. health care system, and indeed, of the United States. The health care system and the United States as a society stand, in many ways, as proxy for each other, now as then: The whole tells you much about the part, and the part about the whole. In the early 1960s, health care was already a massive enterprise. By the late 1950s, hospitals employed far more people than the steel industry, the automobile industry, and interstate railroads. One of every eight Americans was admitted annually as an inpatient (Somers and Somers, 1961). To study health care, with all its contradictions and complexities, in the 1960s as in the present, is to explore the character and ambiguities of the United States itself, that vast, brash, divided yet curiously hopeful Nation. On the face of it, the United States was a country blessed by plenty in the 1960s, with hospitals and professionals that were the envy of the world. Among the marvels of modern hospitals that provoked