cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The forward osmosis membrane bioreactor: A low fouling alternative to MBR processes

A novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OsMBR) is presented. The system utilizes a submerged forward osmosis (FO) membrane module inside a bioreactor. Through osmosis, water is transported from the mixed liquor across a semi-permeable membrane, and into a draw solution (DS) with a higher osmotic pressure. To produce potable water, the diluted DS is treated in a reverse osmosis (RO) unit; the by-product is a reconcentrated DS for reuse in the FO process. Preliminary results from experiments conducted with a flat-sheet cellulose triacetate FO membrane demonstrated high sustainable flux and relatively low reverse transport of solutes from the DS into the mixed liquor. Membrane fouling was controlled with osmotic backwashing. The FO membrane was found to reject 98% of organic carbon and 90% of ammonium-nitrogen; the OsMBR process (bioreactor and FO membrane) was found to remove greater than 99% of organic carbon and 98% of ammonium-nitrogen, respectively; suggesting a better compatibility of the OsMBR with downstream RO systems than conventional membrane bioreactors.
Portable two-color in vivo flow cytometer for real-time detection of fluorescently-labeled circulating cells

The recent introduction of the in vivo flow cytometer for real-time, noninvasive detection and quantification of cells circulating in the vasculature of small animals has provided a powerful tool for tracking the roles of different types of cells in disease progression. We describe a portable version of the device, which provides the capability to: a) excite and detect fluorescence at two distinct colors simultaneously, and b) perform data analysis in real time. These advances improve significantly the utility of the instrument and provide a means of increasing detection specificity. As examples, we present the depletion kinetics of circulating green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled breast cancer cells in the vasculature of mice, and the specific detection of circulating hematopoietic stem cells labeled in vivo with two antibodies.
Japanese Bobtail: vertebral morphology and genetic characterization of an established cat breed

Several cat breeds are defined by morphological variation of the tail. The Japanese Bobtail is a breed that has been accepted for registration only within the past 50 years; however, the congenital kinked tail variants defining this breed were documented in the Far East centuries ago and the cats are considered 'good luck' in several Asian cultures. The recent discovery of the mutation for the tailless Manx phenotype has demonstrated that the Japanese Bobtail does not have a causative mutation in the same gene (T-Box). Here, a simple segregation analysis of cats bred from a pedigreed Japanese Bobtail demonstrated a simple autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expression of the tail length and kink placement. Unexpectedly, radiological examinations of the entire vertebral column of kink-tailed cats indicated variation from the normal vertebral feline formula (C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd20-24), including cats with mostly one reduction of thoracic vertebrae (C7, T12, L7, S3), and an average of 15.8 caudal vertebrae. A few cats had variation in the number of cervical vertebrae. Several transitional vertebrae and anomalous ribs were noted. One cat had a bifid vertebra in the tail. Most cats had hemivertebrae that were usually included in the tail kink, one of which was demonstrated by gross pathology and histopathology. The abnormal vertebral formula or the placement of the kink in the tail did not coincide with morbidity or mortality.
Comparison of IGBT and MOSFET inverters in low-power BLDC motor drives

In recent years, IGBTs and MOSFETs are the most widely used power devices for small-power motor drive applications. Both devices have their own distinct characteristics. In this paper, the power rating and the efficiency of IGBT inverters and MOSFET inverters are compared. This comparison demonstrates the effect of different types of thermal management, PWM methods and switching frequencies. For this comparison, Fairchild's SPM TM (Smart Power Module) is adopted as three-phase IGBT and MOSFET inverter. Through this experiment and simulation, device power rating is calculated and analyzed for BLDC drive inverter.
Repair of distal biceps brachii tendon ruptures.

Abstract This study consisted of 26 male patients with distal biceps tendon ruptures, 2 of whom had bilateral injuries, making the total number of ruptures 28. The average age at injury was 45 years. The treatment groups were the following: 3 were treated without surgery, 4 were repaired with brachialis tenodesis, and 21 were reattached to the radial tuberosity by the 2-incision Boyd-Anderson approach. Patients underwent follow-up a minimum of 14 months after surgery, with the average being 43 months. Outcome was evaluated based on the physical examination, isokinetic testing of strength and endurance of flexion and supination, and radiographic analysis. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:223-6.)
Suppression of Meiotic Recombination by CENP-B Homologs in Schizosaccharomyces Pombe

Meiotic homologous recombination (HR) is not uniform across eukaryotic genomes, creating regions of HR hot- and coldspots. Previous study reveals that the Spo11 homolog Rec12 responsible for initiation of meiotic double-strand breaks in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is not targeted to Tf2 retrotransposons. However, whether Tf2s are HR coldspots is not known. Here, we show that the rates of HR across Tf2s are similar to a genome average but substantially increase in mutants deficient for the CENP-B homologs. Abp1, which is the most prominent of the CENP-B family members and acts as the primary determinant of HR suppression at Tf2s, is required to prevent gene conversion and maintain proper recombination exchange of homologous alleles flanking Tf2s. In addition, Abp1-mediated suppression of HR at Tf2s requires all three of its domains with distinct functions in transcriptional repression and higher-order genome organization. We demonstrate that HR suppression of Tf2s can be robustly maintained despite disruption to chromatin factors essential for transcriptional repression and nuclear organization of Tf2s. Intriguingly, we uncover a surprising cooperation between the histone methyltransferase Set1 responsible for histone H3 lysine 4 methylation and the nonhomologous end joining pathway in ensuring the suppression of HR at Tf2s. Our study identifies a molecular pathway involving functional cooperation between a transcription factor with epigenetic regulators and a DNA repair pathway to regulate meiotic recombination at interspersed repeats.
Superconductivity/YBCO

Since the beginning, it has been clear that superconductors with higher critical temperatures would be more useful and practical. The early superconductors with T/sub c/ below 20 K required cooling with liquid helium which boils at a chilly 4.2 K and is quite expensive. If higher temperature superconductors could be found with, say, a T/sub c/ of about 100 K, then they could be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which boils at 77 K and is about 500 times less expensive. The search resulted in several thousand new superconductors between 1911 and 1986. In 1987 C. W. Chu and his colleagues became known as the founders of a superconductor called yttrium barium copper oxide, YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ which had a record high transition temperature of 92.5 K. This meant it could be cooled with liquid nitrogen. The author limits the discussion to describing the structure, the properties, and the observed phenomena of YBCO.
Adventures of a postmodern historian – Japan

In which the author, a historian of the modern West, goes to Japan to teach on a Fulbright and finds that his year abroad leads him to a historical topic so different from his past efforts and so close to his own experience that it takes him more than a decade to figure out an innovative way of writing the past that can express his, and he hopes that of others as well, contemporary literary sensibility.
Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions: Cytologic and Histologic Findings

Between 1989 and 1992, 651 nonpalpable breast lesions in 586 patients were aspirated using the ultrasound-guided technique at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Cytologic diagnoses were as follows: malignant, 167; suspicious, 30; benign, 211; cysts, 168; atypical ductal hyperplasia, 4; and insufficient for diagnosis, 71. In all cystic and most benign lesions, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) confirmed the benign clinical findings, and surgery was not performed. Of the 483 solid lesions, 254 were subsequently treated surgically, either because of suspicious mammographic or sonographic findings or because of positive or suspicious cytologic findings. The cytologic diagnoses in these cases were as follows: 132 (52%) malignant, 65 (25%) benign, 26 (10%) suspicious, 4 (2%) atypical, and 27 (11%) insufficient for diagnosis. The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided FNA for the diagnosis of malignant lesions was 91%, specificity 77%, and overall accuracy 84%. There were four (2%) false-negative results. Diagnostic failures were attributed to the small size of the lesions, histologic type, and inexperience in localization and cytologic interpretation of tubular carcinoma. One (1%) false-positive diagnosis was made (atypical ductal hyperplasia misdiagnosed as carcinoma). The authors' findings indicate that ultrasound-guided FNA offers a reliable and simple alternative to open biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions. The efficacy of this technique depends primarily on accurate localization of the biopsy needle and on skillful cytologic interpretation of certain breast lesions.
Evaluation of Fly-Electrocuting Black Light Devices in Caged-Layer Poultry Facilities

Insect-electrocuting black light devices were evaluated for their effectiveness in killing flies in caged-layer poultry facilities. Concurrently, the effect of the addition of the attractant muscalure (Z-9-tricosene) to these devices on their fly-killing efficiency was evaluated. An average of over 29,000 flies were killed per device per week in Facility 1 and 7,000 flies per device per week in Facility 2 over the 8-wk evaluation period. The addition of muscalure (25 to 200 mg/device) increased the number of flies killed by the devices by as much as 76% but only one of the increases was statistically significant. Both the house fly, Musca domestica, and the garbage fly, Ophyra spp. were apparently attracted to muscalure, as the number of both fly species killed was consistently higher in devices containing the attractant than in devices without the attractant.
Analysis of China's Basic Education Management System Reform

China's education management system has its own characteristics.Since the founding of the management system of basic education in China has gone through six changes,the current management system need to be further improved and consolidated.This paper puts forward that "place responsibility,management at different levels,county-based"system should be further improved;the division of educational duties and powers of government at all levels should be reasonable;and great concept of basic education should be established by changing our thinking.Finally it pionts that the coordination of urban and rural areas can promote the coordinated development of basic education.
Study on Integrated Network Management Platform Based on RIA Technology

With the rapid development of internet and information communication technology,enterprise-wide information service based on web has become the mainstream.A system with centralized services,centralized maintenance and centralized monitoring requires low cost deployment of Web in integrated network management platform of power communication network,so as to realize a convenient access.However,traditional system architecture of Browser/Server(B/ S)can't meet the complexity and timeliness of integrated network management.The appearance of RIA technology makes it possible to construct two layers of deployment and three layers of application in integrated network management.Through the study of RIA technology,this paper discusses the design and construction of network management system based on RIA technology.
The therapeutic effects of various circulatory support devices in acute cardiorespiratory function failure patients during perioperation of cardiosurgery

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of various circulatory assist devices in acute cardiorespiratory function failure patients during perioperation of cardiosurgery.Method:From January 2005 to December 2006,224 patients [54 female;mean age(57.7±14.1) years] received circulatory support for perioperative cardiorespiratory function failure at our ICU.Biventricular assist devices(BiVADs) was used in one patient for fulminant myocarditis as a direct bridge to heart transplantation,and 3 patients received a left ventricular assist device(LVAD) for postcardiotomy cardiac function failure.ECMO was established in 47 patients for postcardiotomy cardiorespiratory function failure.Venoarterial bypass was instituted in 45 for hemodynamic failure and venovenous in 2 patients for hypoxemia following cardiac surgery.Seven patients received IABP support during ECMO.173 patients received IABP support for perioperative cardiac function failure.The cardiac operations included coronary artery bypass grafting(n=150),coronary artery bypass grafting and remolding of left ventricle(n=21),coronary artery bypass grafting and valvular operation(n=8),valvular operation alone(n=26),heart transplantation(n=8),correction of congenital heart defects(n=7),and aortic operations(n=2).Result:In the VAD group,the patient successfully weaned from BiVADs but died of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)after transplantation.One patient died on LVAD for heart failure.In the ECMO group,16 patients died on ECMO and 7 patients died after weaning because of multiple organ failure.In the IABP group,49 patients died with 18 patients survivaled to decannulation.The most common complications were infection(n=27),renal failure required renal replacement therapy(n=26),re-exploration for bleeding(n=23),limb ischemia(n=15)and central nervous system complication(n=7).Conclusion:Circulatory assist devices is an effective mechanical assistance method for treatment of perioperative cardiorespiratory failure.Adapted assist devices should be preferred according to patient's condition.Consideration should be given to instituting circulatory assist devices earlier if indication is confirmed.Improvement of management may result in improved outcomes for advanced cardiorespiratory function failure.
Creating 3D avatars from artistic drawing for VR and games applications

We started with an artistic rendering of face, and created a 3Dimensional mesh of the face which can be used in Games, Media, and Virtual Reality applications. We used freely available software called Blender™ to create a 3D mesh which resembles the original 2Dimensional drawing. This paper explains how the 3D face was created, and our efforts in finding just the right effect to create 3D Mesh, closely resembling the avatar of our imagination.
Dynamic downlink resource allocation and access strategy for femtocell networks

Femtocells are small, low-power cellular base stations with high potential for coverage extension and offloading voice and wireless data. In this paper, we study the problem of joint access control and spectrum resource allocation in a 2-tier femtocell network with 1 macro base station and multiple Femto access points (FAPs). The objective is to maximize the overall network capacity, while guaranteeing the quality of service requirement of all user equipments. We develop an access scheme for macro user equipments and a spectrum allocation mechanism for the FAPs. Spectrum allocation is used as an incentive mechanism to encourage FAPs to serve more macro user equipments. We also derive an upper bound of the network-wide capacity through a reformulation of the problem. The proposed algorithms are validated, and the upper bound is shown to be quite accurate in the simulation study.
Phosphomonoesterase Content and Localization in the Meso- and Metanephros of the Chick Embryo

Chemical determinations were made of the alkaline and acid phosphatase content of meso- and metanephros of chick embryos between 4 days of incubation and 6 days after hatching. Histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase and of ribonuclease-removable asiphilia was also studied in these organs. A study of the data obtained suggest the following conclusions: 1. The acid and alkaline phosphatase activity of the mesonephros increases from the 4th to the 16th day, decreasing from then onwards. 2. The acid and alkaline phosphatase activity of the metanephros increases from the 4th to the 16th day, decreasing slowly to the 20th day. A rapid rise is observed after hatching. 3. The alkaline phosphatase activity that is diffusely located in the cells of recently formed secretory tubules of the meso- and metanephros polarizes to the brush border zone later on. 4. Ribonuclease-removable basiphilia, abundant in the mesonephric tubules up to the 6th day of incubation, decreases from then onwards. 5. The metanephric blastema and tubules present a high concentration of ribonuclease-removable basiphilia up to the 13th day. From then on its content decreases in the whole organ with the exception of certain groups of cells still in differentiation. The possible correlation between these findings and meso- and metanephros differentiation and function is discussed.
The dynamics of polarized beliefs in networks governed by viral diffusion and media influence

This paper studies the evolution of polarized beliefs governed by the intertwined dynamics of viral diffusion and media influence in influence networks. It addresses the question of how different forms of influence interact with each other. First, we propose a Markov chain to model the dynamics of individuals as they transition between three belief states (neutral, positive and negative) based on the states of their neighbors. This stochastic system assumes that individuals are influenced via the links of the network or through the global effect of mass media. For exponential and scale-free networks, we approximate this stochastic system by deterministic differential equations and define the homogeneous mean-field system and heterogeneous mean-field system, respectively. Studying stability conditions for these deterministic dynamical systems, we analyze the fraction of neutral, positive and negative individuals in the population. Also, we determine the conditions under which desired dynamical transitions happen for the targeted population. These conditions allow us to predict macroscopic measures of dynamics of adoption in influence networks. Finally, the derived analytical results are validated using simulations of four synthetic networks: Watts–Strogatz, random regular, Barabasi–Albert and small-world forest-fire, as well as five real-world networks: ego-Facebook, Deezer, Livemocha, a Facebook interaction network and Douban. Also, we demonstrate how the proposed model can be leveraged by marketing campaigns for optimal resource allocations between viral marketing and media marketing to minimize the number of final negative individuals in different network settings.
Environmental determinants of allergy and asthma in early life

Allergic disease prevalence has increased significantly in recent decades. Primary prevention efforts are being guided by study of the exposome (or collective environmental exposures beginning during the prenatal period) to identify modifiable factors that affect allergic disease risk. In this review we explore the evidence supporting a relationship between key components of the external exposome in the prenatal and early-life periods and their effect on atopy development focused on microbial, allergen, and air pollution exposures. The abundance and diversity of microbial exposures during the first months and years of life have been linked with risk of allergic sensitization and disease. Indoor environmental allergen exposure during early life can also affect disease development, depending on the allergen type, dose, and timing of exposure. Recent evidence supports the role of ambient air pollution in allergic disease inception. The lack of clarity in the literature surrounding the relationship between environment and atopy reflects the complex interplay between cumulative environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, such that no one factor dictates disease development in all subjects. Understanding the effect of the summation of environmental exposures throughout a child's development is needed to identify cost-effective interventions that reduce atopy risk in children.
DeepSpace: Mood-Based Image Texture Generation for Virtual Reality from Music

Affective virtual spaces are of interest for many VR applications in areas of wellbeing, art, education, and entertainment. Creating content for virtual environments is a laborious task involving multiple skills like 3D modeling, texturing, animation, lighting, and programming. One way to facilitate content creation is to automate sub-processes like assignment of textures and materials within virtual environments. To this end, we introduce the DeepSpace approach that automatically creates and applies image textures to objects in procedurally created 3D scenes. The main novelty of our DeepSpace approach is that it uses music to automatically create kaleidoscopic textures for virtual environments designed to elicit emotional responses in users. Specifically, DeepSpace exploits the modeling power of deep neural networks, which have shown great performance in image generation tasks, to achieve mood-based image generation. Our study results indicate the virtual environments created by DeepSpace elicit positive emotions and achieve high presence scores.
Computing primitively-rooted squares and runs in partial words

Abstract This paper deals with two types of repetitions in strings: squares, which consist of two adjacent occurrences of substrings, and runs, which are periodic substrings that cannot be extended further to the left or right while maintaining the period. We show how to compute all the primitively-rooted squares in a given partial word, which is a sequence that may have undefined positions, called holes or wildcards, that match any letter of the alphabet over which the sequence is defined. We also describe an algorithm for computing all primitively-rooted runs in a given partial word and extend previous analyses on the number of runs to partial words.
Optimal Arctic Port locations: a quantitative composite multiplier analysis of potential sites

The opening of the Arctic presents opportunities for expanded natural resource extraction and increased shipping, both requiring substantial port development to facilitate safe and effective operat...
Mental Health Command Consultation

This chapter provides a broad overview of mental health command consultation in the US military. The chapter opens with a brief introduction to the history of mental health command consultation, followed by a case vignette that highlights salient aspects of the consultation process. A brief review of types of command consultation is provided. A summary of the unique aspects associated with seeking mental health care in the military is followed by brief overviews of the more specific areas of consultation with special military populations and controversies related to the behavioral health professional’s role within the military. The chapter concludes with a review of general guidelines for facilitating an effective consultative relationship and a summary of the role of civilian behavioral health professionals in the consultation process.
Southern Asia Upper Paleolithic

The Upper Paleolithic climate in Southern Asia ranged, in general, from Mediterranean to arid and relatively hot. Periodic cycles of dry and humid conditions are suggested by some climatic studies in the region. Forests covered much of the area in the early Holocene, being replaced by grasslands later in the tradition.
The Emblematic Exemplum in Agustín Moreto y Cabaña and Other Golden Age Playwrights

ABSTRACT: Taking as a point of departure Juan de Horozco's definition: «las emblemas se pueden hazer con figuras solas, como es mas ordinario o con figuras y letras que siruan de mote, y esto es, porque la emblema quanto mas guardare las propiedades de la empresa tanto sera mejor segun yo entiendo y juzgara qualquiera» (f. 64v), this study analyzes the presence and function of dramatic emblems in the plays of Agustin Moreto y Cabana and other Spanish Golden Age Dramatists. It postulates that the poetic images, derived in many instances from emblem books, function as exempla in order to comment on the dramatic situation. The dramatic emblems are divided into two main groups: «marked emblems and «unmarked emblems». KEYWORDS: Agustin de Moreto; argumentum emblematicum; dramatic emblems; exempla. RESUMEN: Partiendo de la definicion de Juan de Horozco de que «las emblemas se pueden hazer con figuras solas, como es mas ordinario o con figuras y letras que siruan de mote, y esto es, porque la emblema quanto mas guardare las propiedades de la empresa tanto sera mejor segun yo entiendo y juzgara qualquiera» (f. 64v), este estudio pretende analizar la presencia y funcion de emblemas dramaticos en las comedias de Agustin Moreto y Cabana y otros dramaturgos del Siglo de Oro. Se postula que las imagenes poeticas derivadas de libros de emblemas funcionan como exempla para comentar la situacion dramatica. Los emblemas dramaticos se dividen en dos grupos generales, los «emblemas marcados» y los «emblemas sin marcar». PALABRAS CLAVES: Agustin de Moreto; argumentum emblematicum; emblemas dramaticos; exempla.
Evolutionary ecology of chemosensation and its role in sensory drive

All behaviors of an organism are rooted in sensory processing of signals from its environment, and natural selection shapes sensory adaptations to ensure successful detection of cues that maximize fitness. Sensory drive, or divergent selection for efficient signal transmission among heterogeneous environments, has been a useful hypothesis for describing sensory adaptations, but its current scope has primarily focused on visual and acoustic sensory modalities. Chemosensation, the most widespread sensory modality in animals that includes the senses of smell and taste, is characterized by rapid evolution and has been linked to sensory adaptations to new environments in numerous lineages. Yet, olfaction and gustation have been largely underappreciated in light of the sensory drive hypothesis. Here, we examine why chemosensory systems have been overlooked and discuss the potential of chemosensation to shed new insight on the sensory drive hypothesis and vice versa. We provide suggestions for developing a framework to better incorporate studies of chemosensory adaptation that have the potential to shape a more complete, coherent, and holistic interpretation of the sensory drive.
Predictors of Effective Working Memory Training in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders

Background Low working memory (WM) capacity is associated with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The importance of WM to adaptive functioning has led to a recent influx of studies attempting to improve individual WM capacity using various cognitive training methods. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of complex WM training for improving WM capacity among individuals with AUD. Methods Individuals were randomized to complete either adaptive WM training or active control training. We applied a methodologically rigorous and structured approach, including a battery of near and moderate transfer measures in those with AUDs and a control group. Additionally, we examined cognitive factors (at baseline) and other predictors of adherence, training task improvement, and transfer. Results Results suggest improved WM in individuals with AUDs and controls, as evidenced by improved scores on several transfer measures, after adaptive WM training. However, individuals with AUDs showed poorer adherence and less improvement on the training tasks themselves. Neither IQ, WM, sex, nor condition predicted adherence. Level of training task performance, baseline WM, and IQ predicted transfer task improvement. Conclusions This is the first study to rigorously examine both the efficacy of WM training in those with AUDs, and predictors of successful training program adherence and transfer in a large sample. Among study completers, results suggest that AUD status does not predict training improvement and transfer. However, AUD status did predict lower program adherence. WM training was more effective in those with higher cognitive ability at baseline. This study provides direct translation to the development of cognitive interventions for treating AUD.
New chemistry supporting portable solutions for end-stage renal disease dialysis treatment

A new polymeric adsorbent to improve portable dialysis treatment by simplifying urea removal at the dialysate regeneration step is proposed. An adsorbent to remove urea was synthesized by molecular imprinting technology that can potentially overcome drawbacks existing in urease enzyme-based dialysate regeneration technology. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for urea generates cavities both in shape and in size targeted for urea. Using the synthesized MIP, we have shown removal of urea present in the dialysate buffer. Various experimental conditions such as choice of monomers, porogen, and template to monomer ratios were optimized to achieve highest binding capacity on a column flow through system monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Taking advantage of the basicity of urea molecule, monomers having Bronsted acidic groups such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and itaconic acid were screened. The MIP synthesized using urea:acrylic acid:EGDMA (1:4:12) in acetonitrile:ethylene dichloride (1:1) as porogen gave highest binding capacity of 24.5 g/kg of urea in the dialysate buffer matrix.
Cell shape, and not 2D migration, predicts ECM-driven 3D cell invasion in breast cancer

Metastasis, the leading cause of death in cancer patients, requires the invasion of tumor cells through the stroma in response to migratory cues, such as those provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent advances in proteomics have led to the identification of hundreds of ECM proteins which are more abundant in tumors relative to healthy tissue. Our goal was to develop a pipeline to easily predict which of these ECM proteins is more likely to have an effect on cancer invasion and metastasis. We evaluated the effect of 4 ECM proteins upregulated in breast tumor tissue in multiple human breast cancer cell lines in 3 assays. We found there was no linear relationship between the 11 cell shape parameters we quantified when cells adhere to ECM proteins and 2D cell migration speed, persistence or 3D invasion. We then used classifiers and partial-least squares regression analysis to identify which metrics best predicted ECM-driven 2D migration and 3D invasion responses. ECM-driven 2D cell migration speed or persistence did not correlate with or predict 3D invasion in response to that same cue. However, cell adhesion, and in particular cell elongation and irregularity accurately predicted the magnitude of ECM-driven 2D migration and 3D invasion in all cell lines. Testing predictions revealed that our models are good at predicting the effect of novel ECM proteins within a given cell line, but that ECM responses are cell-line specific. Overall, our studies identify the cell morphological features that determine 3D invasion responses to individual ECM proteins. This platform will help provide insight into the functional role of ECM proteins abundant tumor tissue and help prioritize strategies for targeting tumor-ECM interactions to treat metastasis.
Who Gets the Benefit of the Doubt? Performance Evaluations, Medical Errors, and the Production of Gender Inequality in Emergency Medical Education:

Why do women continue to face barriers to success in professions, especially male-dominated ones, despite often outperforming men in similar subjects during schooling? With this study, we draw on r...
Digging Deeper to Chart the Landscape of Human Brain Development.

How does brain system organization evolve during development? Cui et al. (2020) combine big and higher-precision fMRI data to find that maturational processes and cognitive ability track individual differences in the refinement of borders between brain systems.
Stereochemistry of the α-carbon in the benzylic modifying moiety attached at the C-5 end of thymidine affects the potency of a newly identified anti-cancer lead nucleoside

Abstract The bioactivity of antimetabolites is connected to molecular recognition by the target proteins, which makes the stereochemical configuration of the chiral centers in these molecules, including those in the modifying moieties, of extreme importance. In an attempt to enhance the anti-cancer activity of a newly identified 5-[(R/S-α-tert-butyl-2-nitro-4-{2-phenyl}alkynyl)benzyloxy]methyl-2′-deoxyuridine, initially evaluated as a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers with respect to the modifying moiety, we first took the excision library approach, which revealed the importance of all the structural features of the moiety for bioactivity. We then proceeded with the synthesis of the secondary derivatives, varying the substitution pattern within the moiety. These attempts failed to improve bioactivity. However, examination of individually made stereoisomers revealed a 3-fold potency increase in the S-isomer compared with the diastereomeric mixture, without significantly affecting the toxicity against normal rapidly dividing cells.
Global Mormonism: A Historical Overview

In early February of 1831, Oliver Cowdery, Parley P. Pratt, and Frederick G. Williams walked across the frozen Kansas River to Delaware Indian villages lining its north bank. The tribes, originally pushed out of their ancestral lands by the British, now were forced to live outside of the United States on unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River. Like other Native people, the Delaware were treated like a sovereign nation—although one whose treaties were constantly being broken and who were addressed as if they were children. When the American missionaries crossed the river near Independence, Missouri, they entered into the foreign territory of “Indian Country.”
How polycystic ovary syndrome came into its own

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder whose definition and diagnosis have been evolving over the past 85 years since Stein and Leventhal made their original description of the triad of amenorrhea, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism in 1935. Although much progress in characterizing the disorder was accomplished from the late 1950s through the late 1980s, much confusion remained in the field, as there were no agreed-upon diagnostic criteria. This deficiency began to be addressed with a conference held at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in April 1990, which, through a survey of meeting participants, defined what is today known as "classic" PCOS. Following the NIH 1990 conference, many of our European colleagues, who relied more exclusively on the ultrasound detection of polycystic ovaries for the diagnosis of PCOS, organized a second expert conference in Rotterdam in May 2003, where the diagnostic criteria were expanded. Finally, the Androgen Excess Society (now the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society) published its recommendations for diagnosis in November 2006, principally rooted in associating the criteria for PCOS with the risks of metabolic and other long-term morbidities. A breakthrough in our understanding of PCOS came when we realized that PCOS could be classified into 4 phenotypes (A–D) based on 3 features (clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, oligoanovulation, and polycystic ovaries) and that the Rotterdam 2003 and the Androgen Excess Society 2006 criteria were simply expansions of the NIH 1990 criteria. Having a clearer definition of PCOS has allowed us to establish PCOS as a globally prevalent disorder, affecting between 1 in 10 and 1 in 7 women, the most common endocrine disorder of women, and the most common cause of infertility, among other findings. However, it is critical that we understand that much of the work on the criteria and definition of PCOS has arisen through the process of scientific dialog, debate, and "consensus," although many would argue that "consensus science" is not science at all. Despite the significant progress made over the past 50 years, much remains to be studied and advocated for when it comes to the care of women with PCOS.
Wharton Goes Online: Reimagining the Traditional Graduate Seminar

This chapter describes the process of converting a traditional semester-long graduate seminar, titled Edith Wharton: From Old New York to the Jazz Age, to an online course and provides descriptions of major assignments and outcomes. Organized chronologically, the course begins with Bunner Sisters (1893) and ends with The Children (1928). Using the discussion board as the centerpiece of the class discussions with weekly posts on each primary text, short YouTube lectures for each text, and the course website Desire2Learn, which includes a “Writer’s Corner,” the online course emphasizes student discussion and writing. Especially with its reliance on frequent, informal discussion posts to replace traditional discussion, the online course provides an opportunity to create a classroom space that facilitates the integration of workshop strategies and emphasizes writing as a process to encourage critical reflection on reading, writing, and teaching, so that the redesigned course aligns with new approaches to the graduate seminar.
Clinical characteristics and mortality rates for suprachoroidal hemorrhage: seven-year experience at a tertiary eye center.

To investigate comorbidities and medications associated with acute (ASCH) and delayed (DSCH) suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH), and to explore visual outcomes and mortality following SCH. Retrospective review of SCH cases diagnosed at a tertiary center between 2013 and 2019. Demographics, history, surgery type, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and mortality data were reviewed. Fifty eyes of 50 patients experienced SCH related to surgery: 15 (30%) ASCH and 35 (70%) DSCH. Glaucoma surgery was the most common preceding surgery, and SCH was more likely to be delayed in glaucoma surgery relative to other surgeries (p = 0.001). The proportions of patients on anticoagulant, antiplatelet, or NSAID medications were 30% (n = 15), 52% (n = 26), and 12% (n = 6), respectively. The mean preoperative IOP was 25.0 ± 10.2 mmHg. The mean final best corrected visual acuity did not significantly differ between DSCH and ASCH (logMAR 1.92 vs. 2.36; p = 0.39). After controlling for pre-drainage visual acuity, final visual acuity was not statistically significantly different between eyes that were drained versus those that were not drained (p = 0.06). Of all 50 patients, the mortality rate was 12% with a mean time to mortality after SCH of 754 ± 564 days for those who died. DSCH was more common than ASCH, with glaucoma surgery being the most common procedure to result in SCH. Visual outcomes and mortality rate were comparable between ASCH and DSCH. Further research is needed regarding the role of surgical drainage on improving visual outcomes in eyes with SCH.
Listeria monocytogenes requires cellular respiration for NAD+ regeneration and pathogenesis

Cellular respiration is essential for multiple bacterial pathogens and a validated antibiotic target. In addition to driving oxidative phosphorylation, bacterial respiration has a variety of ancillary functions that obscure its contribution to pathogenesis. We find here that the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes encodes two respiratory pathways which are partially functionally redundant and indispensable for pathogenesis. Loss of respiration decreased NAD+ regeneration, but this could be specifically reversed by heterologous expression of a water-forming NADH oxidase (NOX). NOX expression fully rescued intracellular growth defects and increased L. monocytogenes loads >1,000-fold in a mouse infection model. Consistent with NAD+ regeneration maintaining L. monocytogenes viability and enabling immune evasion, a respiration-deficient strain exhibited elevated bacteriolysis within the host cytosol and NOX rescued this phenotype. These studies show that NAD+ regeneration, rather than oxidative phosphorylation, represents the primary role of L. monocytogenes respiration and highlight the nuanced relationship between bacterial metabolism, physiology, and pathogenesis.
A physical complex between TGM2 and GSTP1 confers cisplatin resistance in glioma cells: Functional mapping of the interaction domain

2693 The human glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and tissue transglutaminase II (TGM2) proteins are multifunctional regulatory enzymes that can act as potent mediators of drug resistance in human tumors. Previously, we have demonstrated that GSTP1 and TGM2 can form a stable, non-covalent complex in the cytoplasm of actively dividing glioma cells. In the work presented here, we describe the functional characterization of the GSTP1/TGM2 complex. Using a series of deletion mutants, we have mapped the GSTP1 interaction domain of TGM2 to a region between residues 108 and 147 in the N-terminal portion of the protein, a location distinct from the other known functional domains of TGM2. Testing variants of TGM2 that either retain or lack the ability to form a complex with GSTP1, we then compared the capacity of these TGM2 constructs to confer cisplatin resistance in the presence or absence of stably expressed GSTP1 in glioma cells. In the absence of GSTP1, TGM2 expression did not confer cisplatin resistance over background, whereas in the presence of GSTP1, TGM2-expressing cells were approximately 10-fold more resistant to cisplatin than controls. A full length variant of TGM2 that lacked the ability to form a complex with GSTP1 did not confer cisplatin resistance regardless of the presence or absence of GSTP1. These data indicate that in the context of glioma cells, the ability to form a GSTP1/TGM2 complex is essential for TGM2-mediated cisplatin resistance. We then assessed whether depletion of the endogenous GSTP1/TGM2 complex in a cisplatin-resistant glioma cell line could sensitize these cells to the drug. SiRNA-mediated suppression of either GSTP1 or TGM2 alone did not measurably alter cisplatin resistance, but depletion of both proteins resulted in significant sensitization to killing by cisplatin. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the GSTP1/TGM2 complex may play an important role in the drug resistant phenotype displayed by many gliomas. The fact that the complex appears to be required for mediating the drug resistance conferred by TGM2 suggests that interference with the complex may represent a sensitizing strategy for improving the clinical response to chemotherapeutic agents in glioma treatment. Supported by grants RSG MGO-103761 from the American Cancer Society (JK) and RO1 CA112519, RO1 CA 91438, P50 CA108786 (FAO).
Is de re Belief Reducible to de dicto

Soulevant la question de la reductibilite de la croyance de re a la croyance de dicto, l'A. etudie la reponse positive apportee par les neo-fregeens tels que D. Kaplan pour la croyance et la modalite, d'une part, et la reponse negative apportee par Quine dans son article sur «Les quantificateurs et les atittudes propositionnelles» (1957), d'autre part. Examinant les conditions de l'attribution de la croyance chez Quine, ainsi que l'analyse de l'attribution propositionnelle chez Kaplan et la reponse que lui fournit T. Burge a partir de la notion de representation, l'A. defend l'idee d'une reductibilite modeste a cause de l'existentialisme interne a la notion de dicto
The N-ethylbenzisoxazolium cation—I

Abstract The preparation and properties of the N-ethylbenzisoxazolium cation are described. The cation is shown to react rapidly in aqueous solution with a wide variety of nucleophiles, yielding o-hydroxy-N-ethylbenzimido derivatives. With carboxylate, cyanate, or thiocyanate anions, or with thiourea, internal rearrangements occur, converting the imido adducts to O-substituted products. The reactions of N-alkylated benzisoxazoles generate a broad spectrum of unusual substances which are obtainable with difficulty by other routes and which may serve as starting materials for the synthesis of many hitherto-inaccessible systems.
Stratified Case-Based Reasoning in Non-Refinable Abstraction Hierarchies

Stratified case-based reasoning (Scbr.) is a technique in which case abstractions are used to assist case retrieval, matching, and adaptation. Previous work showed that Scbr can significantly decrease the computational expense required for retrieval, matching, and adaptation in a route-finding domain characterized by abstraction hierarchies with the downward refinement property. This work explores the effectiveness of Scbr in hierarchies without the downward refinement property. In an experimental evaluation using such hierarchies (1) Scbr significantly decreased search cost in hierarchies without the downward refinement property, although the speedup over ground-level A* was not as great as in refinable hierarchies, (2) little difference was observed in Scbr search costs between case libraries created top-down in the process of Refinement and those created bottom-up from a valid ground solution, and (3) the most important factor in determining speedup appeared to be a priori likelihood that a previous solution can be usefully applied to a new problem.
Fetal reacting bradycardia

Abstract Acute and abrupt fetal bradycardias are considered to be vagal in origin. In addition to head compression and funis compression bradycardias, we will report on those acute fetal bradycardias occurring during maternal seizures and maternal volding, during aortocaval compression, during terminal labor, and during the immediate postpartum period. While certain mechanisms are known which can explain some or parts of these bradycardias, we conclude that in the clinical setting information is insufficient to determine their etiology with precision. Instead of labeling abrupt fetal heart rate pattern as resulting from either head or funis compression, it is suggested that the patterns be described according to their severity and duration. Such acute fetal bradycardias can be detrimental in terms of reduced umbilical flow. Administration of atropine may be indicated in the otherwise healthy fetus with acute bradycardia.