cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct Coulomb-explosion imaging of coherent nuclear dynamics induced by few-cycle laser pulses in light and heavy hydrogen

We followed fast evolution of coherent nuclear wave packets in ${\text{H}}_{2}$ and ${\text{D}}_{2}$ molecules after their interaction with 8-fs 800-nm laser pulses. The molecules were probed by another few-cycle pulse time delayed for up to 10 ps with respect to the pump. For neutral molecules we observed coherent rotational dynamics characterized by periodic revivals without noticeable decoherence within the 10 ps time scale. For heavy hydrogen up to four rotational states were involved in the wave packets for each of the two spin isomers. In light hydrogen the resulting dynamics was dominated by beating of just two rotational states. For neutral molecules the experimental results are in excellent agreement with our numerical simulations obtained by solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. By measuring time-dependent yields for singly ionized rotating ${\text{D}}_{2}$ molecules, we conclude that for an 8-fs $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{W}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$ pulse the ionization probability is nearly independent of the angle between the molecular axis and the electric field. For those molecules that were ionized by the pump pulse we observed both vibrational and rotational dynamics. In molecular ions coherent vibrational wave packets evolving on the bound ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}$ potential surface also exhibit revivals. Time-dependent angular distributions for the molecular ions exhibit transient alignment only soon after the pulse (18 fs for $\text{H}_{2}{}^{+}$ and 35 fs for $\text{D}_{2}{}^{+}$) with no consequent revivals within the next 10 ps due to broad distribution of active vibrational states with different rotational constants.
Variation in strategy use across measures of verbal working memory

The working memory (WM) literature contains a number of tasks that vary on dimensions such as when or how memory items are reported. In addition to the ways in which WM tasks are designed to differ, tasks may also diverge according to the strategies participants use during task performance. The present study included seven tasks from the WM literature, each requiring short-term retention of verbal items. Following completion of a small number of trials from each task, individuals completed a self-report questionnaire to identify their primary strategy. Results indicated substantial variation across individuals for a given task, and within the same individual across tasks. Moreover, while direct comparisons between tasks showed that some tasks evinced similar patterns of strategy use despite differing task demands, others showed markedly different patterns of self-reported strategy use. A community detection algorithm, aimed at identifying groups of individuals based on their profile of strategic choices, revealed unique communities of individuals who are dependent on specific strategies under varying demands. Together, the findings suggest that researchers using common WM paradigms should very carefully consider the implications of variation in strategy use when interpreting their findings.
The Application of Werner and Kaplan's Concept of "Distancing" to Children Who Are Deaf-Blind

Through the process of distancing, children develop an understanding of the differences between themselves and others, themselves and objects, and objects and representations. Adults can support pr...
Comparison of the clinical effectiveness and safety of interventional closure using septal occluder with surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect:a meta analysis of controlled trials

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of interventional closure using septal occluder with surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in this systematic review of controlled trials.Methods The Cochrane Controlled TrialRegistry, MEDLINE,CBMA and EMBASE were searched for all controlled trials. Data were extracted for procedural failure rate、residual shunt rates、major complication rates and minor complication rates. The software RevMan 4.2.8 was used for data analysis. Treatment effects on these outcomes were summarized as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results 13 articles identified were eligible controlled trials and included. All were reporting about the effect of transcatheter closure and surgery on secundum atrial septal defect. All controlled trials did not apply randomizationand enforce allocation concealment.Only one of the 13 trials was analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. The combined results showed that the procedural failure rate of transcatheter closure group (n=1 085) was higher than that of surgery(n=631)(9 controlled trials, 4.61% vs 0.32%,RR=5.48,95% CI:2.28 -13.21,P=0.000 1).Although the instant residual shunt rates of transcatheter closure group(n=495)were higher than that of surgery(n=182)(2 controlled trials, 3.84% vs 0,RR=7.61,95% CI:1.04-55.99, P=0.05),they were similar in one year of follow-up in both groups(n=402/182)(1.74% vs 0%,RR=3.54,95% CI:0.45- 27.72,P=0.23). Total complication rates of surgery group(n=845)and transcatheter closure group(n=1 191)were 28.52% and 6.8%, respectively(13 controlled trials, RR=0.24,95% CI:0.19- 0.31, P 0.000 01),major complication rates of each group were 4.23% and 1.56 % respectively(12 controlled trials, n=1 155/780,RR=0.37,95% CI:0.21-0.64, P= 0.000 4), arrhythmias rates of each group were 11.25% and 3.85% respectively(9 controlled trials, n=806/622,RR=0.34,95% CI:0.21-0.53,P0.000 01).Conclusions Although the procedural attempt successful rate of transcatheter closure group was lower than that of surgery group, the residual shunt rates of both groups were similar. In the transcatheter closure group, the complication rate was lower than that of surgery group.
Non-Apoplectic Pituitary Macroadenoma Causing Stroke (P4.345)

Objective: To describe a case of ischemic stroke associated with non-apoplectic pituitary macroadenoma Background: Pituitary macroadenomas have rarely been associated with strokes. Pituitary apoplexy, meaning hemorrhage/ischemia, is the usual cause. Non-apoplectic pituitary macroadenomas have rarely been documented to cause carotid stenosis; only one report with massive tumor >4.0x3.5cm showed subsequent stroke. We describe an unusual case where a previously asymptomatic encasing tumor almost half that size caused internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and multiple strokes. Methods: A 57 year old man with no known medical comorbidities presented initially with transient left hemiparesis and sensory deficits the night prior to presentation. Thus, he was asymptomatic at initial evaluation. Imaging showed a large suprasellar mass. He was discharged on bromocriptine, but was noncompliant due to socioeconomic reasons. Less than three weeks later, symptoms recurred with additional facial droop and persistent LUE paresis. Neurological exam demonstrated LUE proximal/distal strength 3/5 and 2/5, with intermittent fluctuating sensory symptoms. Results: Initial CT/CTA showed a 2.1x2.6cm suprasellar mass extending into the right cavernous sinus and the suprasellar cistern, causing narrowing and encasement of supraclinoid ICA with stenosis of proximal M1 and A1 segments. Although compressing the optic chiasm, he did not have any visual deficits on exam. Initial MRI showed no diffusion abnormalities. However, readmission CT/CTA demonstrated diminutive Right C7/terminal ICA with filling defect at middle cerebral artery origin, reconstituting distally, and narrowed anterior cerebral artery origin. MRI delineated numerous acute watershed infarcts within these territories. Conclusions: Current literature does not report any cases of strokes caused by otherwise silent pituitary macroadenomas. This case demonstrates the importance of strict follow up, especially in pituitary macroadenomas encroaching on vasculature. Aggressive treatment will help prevent stroke-related morbidity and mortality. Disclosure: Dr. Datta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Modak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stretz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hosley has nothing to disclose.
Cell surfaces and cancer metastasis.

A number of specific attributes are required for metastasis of a tumor cell. It must contain the appropriate mechanical, enzymatic, and surface properties to facilitate metastatic mutation and translocation from primary to secondary foci. Elucidation of the role of cell surface properties in this process has suggested strategies for tracking and targeting these cells in their metastatic pathways.
Lymphocytosis induced in mice by supernatant fluids of Bordetella pertussis cultures: a histopathological study.

Intravenous injection into mice of phase I Bordetella pertussis culture supernatants produces a marked lymphocytosis. The evolution of lymphocytosis was correlated with histopathological alterations in the lymphoid organs. The early phase, 17 hr to day 3, was associated with massive depletion of both lymphocytes from the white pulp of the spleen and of cortical thymocytes. There was a corresponding profound decrease of splenic and thymic weights. The later phase was associated with a marked decrease in lymphocytes of lymph nodes while concomitantly the spleen and thymus appeared to be repopulating. Both thymic-dependent and thymic-independent lymphocyte populations were mobilized from spleen and lymph nodes. There was a striking diminution in the number of lymphocytes contained within the walls of postcapillary venules (PCVS) of all lymph nodes between 2 and 7 days. The data suggest that initially the lymphocytosis is due predominantly to release of splenic lymphocytes and to a lesser extent of thymocytes into the circulation. Subsequently, the lymphocytosis is sustained by the depopulation of the lymph nodes. Lymph node depopulation is maintained by the failure of circulating lymphocytes to emigrate from the blood through the PCVS.
Lymphokines that mediate inflammation

Tlymphocytes mediate a number of cellular-immune reactions including cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity of the tuberculin or contact types, resistance to infection by intracellular facultative micro-organisms, host vs. graft and graft vs. host rejection phenomena, and tumour surveillance. These reactions result from complex cellular interactions between subpopulations of T lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and macrophages. The T cell may function directly as an effector cell or indirectly by orchestrating interactions between lymphocytes and macrophages. As a result of these activation signals, the macrophage may then develop into a more efficient phagocytic, ‘killer cell’ or in turn transmit signals that modulate T cell functions in either a positive or negative way.
Modification of Nanoporous Silicon Nitride with Stable and Functional Organic Monolayers.

This study describes the formation of functional organic monolayers on thin, nanoporous silicon nitride membranes. We demonstrate that the vapor-phase carbene insertion into the surface C–H bonds can be used to form sub-5 nm molecular coatings on nanoporous materials, which can be further modified with monolayers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. We investigate composition, thickness, and stability of the functionalized monolayers and the changes in the membrane permeability and pore size distribution. We show that, due to the low coating thickness (∼7 nm), the functionalized membrane retains 80% of the original gas permeance and 40% of the original hydraulic permeability. We also show that the carbene/PEG functionalization is hydrolytically stable for up to 48 h of exposure to water and that it can suppress nonspecific adsorption of the proteins BSA and IgG. Our results suggest that the vapor-phase carbenylation can be used as a complementary technology to the traditional self-assembly and polymer ...
Abstract 182: Medullary Endocannabinoid Content Contributes to the Differential Resting Baroreflex Sensitivity in Rats with Altered Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Expression

Activation of CB1 receptors in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) over a 100-fold dose range elicits biphasic effects, with high doses inhibiting baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for control of heart rate and lower doses facilitating BRS. There is growing evidence for signaling interactions between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and pathogenic actions of angiotensin (Ang) II at AT1 receptors in hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Hypotensive ASrAOGEN (AS) rats, overexpressing an angiotensinogen antisense in glia, have significantly elevated medullary tissue glutamate levels and enhanced BRS compared to normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (1.42 ± 0.11 vs. 1.04 ± 0.05 ms/mmHg; n = 5 - 6; P = 0.02). Transgenic (mRen2)27 rats, a monogenetic Ang II-dependent model of hypertension, have markedly impaired BRS compared to SD rats (0.43 ± 0.06 vs. 1.04 ± 0.05 mmHg; n = 5; P
Tracing the mechanisms of science-industry knowledge transfer: a critical realist study within a food research institute

The compelling challenges facing the food industry call for imminent action. Nutrition, obesity, food safety, and food and health are examples of unprecedented pressures that a single organisation is not in a position to address alone. In recognising the growing concern to address these challenges, this study has focused on the transference of knowledge from the Institute of Food Research (IFR) to food manufacturer SMEs in the UK. This study investigates three knowledge transfer projects within IFR by identifying the mechanisms driving them. The study is positioned in the science-industry knowledge transfer literature. An analysis of this literature leads to the conclusion that current studies rely heavily on correlations with positivist assumptions, with a deficit of explanatory accounts. There is also a lack of studies that look at knowledge transfer at different levels of analysis. The aim of this study is to offer a mechanismic explanation for how and why knowledge transfer happened in these three projects. From empirical data from 52 interviews with individuals involved in the projects, observations from industry and science events, and document analysis, a novel process-tracing methodology was employed to trace the generative mechanisms for each project. The data are analysed from a critical realist perspective. An explanatory account is provided through the incorporation of a multilevel framework that includes structure, agency and interaction levels. Through qualitative analysis, abductive reasoning and systematic combining, the findings move from what happened, to the mechanisms underlying each project, to a contextualised theoretical explanation. Because this study problematises conventional research approaches, it is able to shed new light on the phenomenon under study: the generative mechanism that explain science-industry knowledge transfer. Methodologically, it offers a critical realist framework for the analysis of different ontological layers, and also a process-tracing approach that looks at analytically investigating empirical evidence. The practical contribution is a robust explanation that recognises the micro-foundations and structural constraints and opportunities in knowledge transfer relationships. The conclusion is that although there is no single ideal type of project, motivations or interactions that makes knowledge transfer successful, the predominant mechanisms tend to be rooted in social interactions and non-pecuniary rewards.
Efficient Third Harmonic Generation in Integrated Composite Aluminum Nitride / Silicon Nitride Microrings

In this work we demonstrate high-efficiency third harmonic generation in a high Q composite aluminum nitride / silicon nitide ring cavity. By engineering the microring resonator geometry of the bilayer structure to optimize visible light coupling, mode volume and modal overlap of the optical fields, we report a maximum conversion efficiency of 180%W−2. This composite photonic chip design provides a solution for efficient frequency conversion over a large wavelength span, broadband comb generation and even self-referenced frequency combs.
COMFORT™SM communication for oncology nurses: Program overview and preliminary evaluation of a nationwide train-the-trainer course

Objective The COMFORT Communication Course for Oncology Nurses is a train-the-trainer program funded by the National Cancer Institute (R25) that provides nationwide communication training to improve patient-centered communication in cancer care. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the program and present an evaluation of three courses.
Gendering Central European History: Changing Representations of Women and Gender in Comparison, 1968–2017

A jubilee is the perfect time for a critical stocktaking, and this essay uses the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Central European History (CEH), the leading American journal of the history of “German-speaking Central Europe,” to explore the changing representations of women and gender in this journal since its founding in 1968. The declared aim of CEH was, according to the founding editor, Douglas A. Unfug, to become a “broadly rather than narrowly defined” journal that covers “all periods from the Middle Ages to the present” and includes, next to “traditional approaches to history,” innovative and “experimental methodological approaches.” As Kenneth F. Ledford, the third CEH editor (after Unfug and Kenneth D. Barkin), wrote in 2005, the journal should simultaneously reflect and drive “the intellectual direction(s) of its eponymous field.”
Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in asthma exacerbations: a nationwide study

The relationship between RA and asthma has been yielding conflicting results, with most recent studies showing a possible positive association. The study aims at the outcomes of adult patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in those with and without RA. We used data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the period of 2012–2014. ICD 9 code was used to identify the diagnosis. Our primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Our secondary outcome was total asthma exacerbation hospitalizations, length of stay, and total hospital charges. Compared to those without RA, RA was associated with increased hospitalizations for asthma exacerbation (unadjusted OR 1.29, p < 0.001; adjusted OR 1.06, p = 0.002), more respiratory and systemic comorbidities, increased in-hospital mortality (unadjusted OR 1.89, p = 0.001; adjusted OR 1.60, p = 0.020), length of stay (4.5 vs 3.8; unadjusted p < 0.001, adjusted p < 0.001), and total hospital charges (30,149 vs 26,247; unadjusted p < 0.001, adjusted p = 0.048). Our study was the first to demonstrate that RA is associated with increased in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost using a national inpatient database. We hypothesize that in asthmatic patients with concurrent RA, their asthma may represent a distinctive subgroup that is more severe and carries a poorer prognosis, which deserves more attention and future investigation.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children : An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment

The concept and definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adults and children has undergone significant change in recent years. Biomarker assessment is aiding in description, defining and understanding timing of AKI. AKI demonstrates unique characteristics in association with sepsis and septic shock, organ dysfunction, and fluid overload. Treatment remains problematic, but growing experience with pediatric continuous renal replacement therapies has improved the delivery of care in children. Increasingly, continuous renal replacement therapy is provided in combination with other extracorporeal technologies, and approaches are advancing to improve combined therapy use.
Regulation of Neurons and Astrocytes by Thrombin and Protease Nexin-1

Thrombin is best known for its pivotal role as the final protease in the blood coagulation cascade and its ability to cleave fibrinogen to fibrin and to cause platelet aggregation. Studies over the past twenty or so years have shown that in addition thrombin regulates a number of important activities of cells that may be important in repair processes following injury. The first demonstration of a cell regulatory role for thrombin came from landmark studies by Chen and Buchanan who showed that thrombin is a potent mitogen for cultured fibroblasts1. Subsequently, much effort was directed at understanding the mechanisms by which thrombin regulates certain cells. Early studies identified cell surface receptors for thrombin2 and showed that the proteolytic activity of thrombin was required for cell activation3. A major advance in understanding the mechanism of cellular regulation by thrombin was the cloning of the cDNA for the thrombin receptor4,5. These studies revealed that the thrombin receptor is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by proteolytic cleavage. This novel activation mechanism produces a new extracellular amino terminus which serves as a tethered ligand which binds back to the receptor and activates it. This was demonstrated by the finding that a peptide representing the first six amino acids of the newly produced amino terminus of the receptor (SFLLRN) could fully activate the thrombin receptor4. The thrombin receptor has been shown subsequently to be present on a number of cell types and to mediate the cell regulatory effects of thrombin.
Psychopharmacology in Adolescents

Until recently, the pharmacological treatment of psychological disorders in adolescents has been largely based on research involving adults, a practice that casts considerable doubt on the safety and efficacy of treatment. Differences in adolescents' size, metabolism, and physical maturity can affect the rate at which medications are absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated. Developmental differences can affect the type and severity of adverse side effects experienced by younger people, and alter the safety and efficacy of medications. Though adolescent-specific research is increasing, clinical prescription of psychotropic pharmaceuticals for adolescents far exceeds reliable data. In this article, current information on the use of antidepressants, stimulants, mood stabilizers, and agents to control anxiety is reviewed with regard to the four broad categories of psychological disorders: externalizing, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder; internalizing, such as anxiety disorders, depression, and bipolar disorder; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; and finally, pervasive developmental disorders such as autism and metal retardation.
Oscillating-wing unit for power generation:

This paper describes an exploratory study of a nonconventional wind power converter with a pair of oscillating wings, which is called an oscillating-wing unit. The working principles of the oscilla...
Contradictions of Populism and Resource Extraction: Examining the Intersection of Resource Nationalism and Accumulation by Dispossession in Mongolia

We examine contradictions of populism and resource extraction in Mongolia in the context of the recent presidential election of Khaltmaa Battulga, who is often portrayed as dangerously populist. We...
Development and Clinical Performance of PEEK Intervertebral Cages

Abstract In recent years, natural polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages have been increasingly challenged in the spine fusion market, despite their widespread use, mostly due to concerns about their osseointegration. The natural PEEK once dominated the design space for interbody cages and was the principal implant delivery system for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP). A variety of highly porous metal cage technologies has arisen in the past 5 years. As a result of this challenge, PEEK biomaterials for spinal cages have also evolved to address the clinical concerns about osseointegration. This chapter focuses on the variety of spinal cage applications of PEEK. We begin with an overview of interbody fusion and historical development of the first carbon fiber reinforced (CFR)-PEEK spinal implant, the Brantigan I/F lumbar fusion cage. More recent applications of PEEK biomaterials for cages, such as titanium-coated PEEK cages, are also discussed. The technologies and biomaterials used to construct spinal cages remain a constantly evolving and ongoing topic of debate in the literature.
What.Hack: Engaging Anti-Phishing Training Through a Role-playing Phishing Simulation Game

Phishing attacks are a major problem, as evidenced by the DNC hackings during the 2016 US presidential election, in which staff were tricked into sharing passwords by fake Google security emails, granting access to confidential information. Vulnerabilities such as these are due in part to insufficient and tiresome user training in cybersecurity. Ideally, we would have more engaging training methods that teach cybersecurity in an active and entertaining way. To address this need, we introduce the game What.Hack, which not only teaches phishing concepts but also simulates actual phishing attacks in a role-playing game to encourage the player to practice defending themselves. Our user study shows that our game design is more engaging and effective in improving performance than a standard form of training and a competing training game design (which does not simulate phishing attempts through role-playing).
Tools for rapid analysis of blood usage and inventory during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused downtrends in both blood collections and blood usage. Rapidly visualizing the impact of the pandemic and newly implemented hospital policies on usage could potentially inform blood ordering practices to help avoid wastage. Study design and methods Blood usage data were obtained from the laboratory information system. An R-based workflow was written in R Markdown for analysis and visualization. Reports were generated daily and shared with blood bank leadership. Selected reports were shared with institutional leadership, other departments, and collaborating blood suppliers. Results Mean daily transfusions dropped 42% from 3/9-13 to 3/16-20, with a significant decrease in usage of red cells, plasma, and cryoprecipitate. The greatest decline in use was seen in the general operating rooms, whereas outpatient transfusions remained steady. Weekly total blood usage decreased through the end of March into April and returned to normal levels in May. Conclusion During two 5-weekday periods of changing hospital policies, overall blood usage decreased by almost half. Visualization of usage by hospital location showed a large decrease in general operating room usage after cancellation of elective procedures. This data visualization has informed decisions to modify standing product orders during an initial period of decreased usage as well as return to normal orders in later months.
Contemporary differences between bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve in chronic aortic regurgitation

Objective To comprehensively explore contemporary differences between bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients with chronic haemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation (AR). Methods Consecutive patients with chronic ≥moderate-severe AR from a tertiary referral centre (2006–2017) were included. All-cause mortality, surgical indications and aortic valve surgery (AVS) were analysed. Results Of 798 patients (296 BAV-AR, age 46±14 years; 502 TAV-AR, age 67±14 years, p 20 mm/m2; similar thresholds were observed for BAV-AR patients. Conclusion BAV-AR patients were two decades younger than TAV-AR and underwent AVS more frequently, resulting in a considerable real-life survival advantage for BAV-AR that was determined primarily by age and not valve anatomy. Pragmatically, regardless of valve anatomy, patients with haemodynamically significant AR and age >50–55 years require a low-threshold for surgical referral to prevent symptom development where LVEF 20 mm/m2 seem appropriate referral thresholds.
CCL2 induces articular chondrocyte MMP expression through ERK and p38 signaling pathways

Abstract Objective In previous studies, we determined an association between increased serum and articular cartilage levels of CCL2 with osteoarthritis (OA) progression, cartilage damage and increased MMP13 in cartilage. Here we analyzed CCL2 downstream signaling mediators that lead to gene expression of cartilage catabolic markers, in healthy and OA human articular chondrocytes. Design Human articular chondrocytes obtained from healthy or OA subjects were treated with or without recombinant human CCL2; cell lysates or mRNA were collected for immunoblotting or qRT-PCR. For pathway analysis, chondrocytes were pre-incubated with an inhibitor of CCR2 (the unique CCL2 receptor), ERK inhibitor or p38 inhibitor prior to CCL2 treatment. Results CCL2 treatment of both healthy and OA chondrocytes activated ERK and p38 via CCR2. In healthy chondrocytes, short (6h) and prolonged (24–72h) CCL2 treatments led to Ccr2, Mmp-1, Mmp-3, Mmp-13 and Timp1 upregulation. In OA chondrocytes, CCL2 induced expression of Ccr2, Mmp-1 and Mmp-3, but not Mmp1 and Timp1, and only following longer treatments (72h). In both healthy and OA chondrocytes, the CCL2-mediated upregulation of Ccr2 and cartilage catabolic markers was mediated by ERK and p38 signaling. Conclusions The triggering of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in articular chondrocytes activates specific MAPK pathways leading to gene expression of cartilage degrading enzymes. However, some differences in the response to CCL2 stimulation are detected in healthy vs OA chondrocytes with respect to the number of activated genes and to the time of exposure to CCL2, suggesting that CCL2 action in articular cartilage may be dependent on OA stage and severity.
Combining Osimertinib With Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC at Progression.

Abstract Background Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has improved survival and central nervous system (CNS) outcomes in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating EGFR mutations. However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of combining osimertinib with chemotherapy. Methods This was a retrospective study performed at 3 institutions. Patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC who received concurrent osimertinib with chemotherapy in the third-line or beyond were identified by chart review. Efficacy outcomes including duration on treatment (DOT), overall survival (OS), and CNS outcomes were assessed. Safety outcomes were also evaluated. Results A total of 44 patients met inclusion criteria. Median DOT with osimertinib plus platinum doublet (n = 28) was 6.1 months (95% CI 4.1 months–not reached), and with osimertinib plus single-agent chemotherapy (n = 29) was 2.6 months (95% CI 1.8-4.8 months). Median OS from the start of osimertinib plus chemotherapy was 10.4 months (95% CI 7.0-13.2 months). At initiation of osimertinib plus chemotherapy, 37 patients (84%) had CNS metastases; 9 of these (24%) had CNS disease progression on osimertinib plus chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was delayed or dose reduced due to toxicity in 8 patients (18%); osimertinib was discontinued in 1 patient (2%) for reduced cardiac ejection fraction, and dose reduced in 2 patients (5%). Conclusions The combination of osimertinib plus chemotherapy appeared safe and showed favorable control of CNS disease in this cohort of patients who had progressed systemically with multiple prior lines of therapy, with DOT and survival outcomes similar to historical chemotherapy controls.
Influence of Global Socio-Economics, Health-Hygiene and Some Communicable/Non-Communicable Diseases Indices/Prevalence on COVID-19 Outcome (preprint)

In 2020, COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives, globally. Recently in 2021, several of SARS CoV-2 variants again increased the infection/mortality. Number of individuals is cured apparently, with possible long-term health-impact. It is important to analyze the global epidemiological-data for correlation-study of relevant-factors. Here, WHO defined economic-zone territory/country-wise and other factors like Quality-of-Life (QOL), health/hygiene, income-GDP, communicable (TB/Malaria/HIV)/non-communicable diseases (diabetes/obesity/CVD/cancer), vaccination to other infections, neonatal-maternal health/mortality, drug-addiction have been correlated with total confirmed cases/million (TCC/m from 94-205 days of infection) and Case-Fatality-Rate (CFR) of Covid-19 of >170 countries. Present results suggest that NMR/MMR/malaria/TB negatively correlated (p 65yrs old persons. Vaccinations to DTP3/MCV2/PCV3 positively correlated here. The WHO defined indices of health/hygiene/awareness/economic-status and medical-service-index are significantly-positively associated with Covid-19 fatality. The factors like road-traffic-mortality-rate (RTMR), air-pollution-mortality-rate (APMR) and poisoning-mortality-rate (PMR) significantly-negatively correlated to Covid-19. Linear and step-wise regression data significantly support correlation-results. The ANOVA results suggest that WHO-defined countries/territories with higher and lower income/GDP-per-capita are positively associated with CFR. Group-wise statistics of TCC/m-CFR by Chi2-test suggests that the American/European countries are more affected than African/Asian/Mediterranean countries (χ 2 =85.4;p<0.001/χ 2 =58.09.4;p<0.01). Highest and Lowest income-groups are more affected. Standards of individual rights/stability/QOL/popularity are significantly-positively correlated with the disease-outcome during initial days. Redefining the health/hygiene standard, QOL, adaptive, stress-tolerance capacity, herd-immunity might be practically more protective against natural-hazards and infectious-diseases. Further studies are necessary. Funding Statement: None Declaration of Interests: None.
MentalSpot: Effective Early Screening for Depression Based on Social Contagion

While depression is rated as the most important leading factor to global disability, early detection of depression is a non-trivial task. Existing depression detection mechanisms harvesting social media data suffer from two major limitations. First, existing solutions rely heavily on the amount, quality, and variety of content types (textual, visual, etc.) posted by users to make accurate inferences, therefore suffering from the cold-start problem when coping with users with limited training data (e.g., most existing works exclude users with fewer than 25 tweets). Second, existing approaches ignore the social impact or indication from users' social circles that can be leveraged to enhance the inference results. In this paper, we present MentalSpot, a social-contagion based depression early-screening framework using meta-learning. Specifically, we first construct a social-contagion driven data repository PsycheNet, filling the void of social-circle based depression datasets. We design a triplet network to extract users' embeddings based on the similarities of the linguistic features extracted from written texts. Afterwards, for each target user, we employ dynamic mean shift pruning to select her top-k homogeneous friends in the metric space, the texts written by whom will then be leveraged to train a friend based depression detection model. Extensive experiments show that MentalSpot outperforms the state of the art in terms of all effectiveness metrics, especially for users with very few tweets. Specifically, by using only five tweets per user, MentalSpot successfully yields an F1 score that would otherwise be achieved by the state-of-the-art methods requiring at least twenty tweets. Our approach represents a step forward to address the cold-start problem that deep learning techniques struggle with for their applications in psychiatric diagnosis. The principal beneficiaries of this study are healthcare professionals in medical institutions to determine timely and targeted interventions in a clinical setting. This study also supports non-profit groups in reaching out to people with mental health issues, helping in a global health task that cannot be fully covered by clinicians.
Tensile Strength and Modulus of a Three-Dimensional Braid Composite

A geometric model for three-dimensional braid composite using the concept of average cosine is presented in this paper. In the form of contour diagrams, the fabric geometry and processing variables are related to the tensile strength and modulus of the composite. The tensile properties of the three-dimensional braid AS4-3K graphite/5208 epoxy-resin composite are compared to the state-of-the-art laminated unidirectional, woven and quasi-isotropic composites. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results are also made.
Transfusion reaction reporting in the era of hemovigilance: where form meets function

BACKGROUND: Transfusion services rely on transfusion reaction reporting to provide patient care and protect the blood supply. By voluntary participation in the Hemovigilance Module of the Biovigilance Component of the National Healthcare Safety Network, health care facilities have an opportunity to share institutional transfusion reaction data nationally. An optimally designed reporting form is a critical part of reaction reporting. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All reports of transfusion reactions from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed to evaluate the frequency of reported signs and symptoms and the ability of our reporting form to capture this information. A total of 400 reactions with 879 reported signs and symptoms were reviewed. We then redesigned our reporting form to facilitate participation in hemovigilance reporting and capture with the check-box option at least 90% of historically reported signs and symptoms and all those reported in at least 2% of reactions. RESULTS: Our original reporting form failed to capture 10 of 32 (31%) signs and symptoms present on the hemovigilance reporting tool. Although our original reporting form contained 27 check-box options, these captured only 657 (74.8%) of reported signs and symptoms. Our redesigned form captures all hemovigilance signs and symptoms. Based on our retrospective review, the new form would also capture up to 95% of previously reported signs and symptoms using the check-box option. CONCLUSION: We believe that this study presents an evidence-based approach to the improvement of the transfusion reaction reporting form, which may be attractive for hospitals considering participation in the hemovigilance program.
The Promise of Peace?: Hume and Smith on the Effects of Commerce on War and Peace

Etude de la signification de l'expansion du commerce au regard de la guerre et la paix entre les nations, chez D. Hume et A. Smith. Mesurant le role de la prudence et de l'opinion dans leur pensee, l'A. corrige l'interpretation actuelle selon laquelle Hume et Smith abandonnent la philosophie politique au profit de l'economie. Soulignant la necessite de renforcer la solidite des nations en vue de preserver la paix a l'epoque du commerce, la pensee de Hume et Smith sur les limites des mecanismes de l'inclination naturelle de l'homme eclaire la situation contemporaine marquee par l'expansion democratique et permet de mieux comprendre l'interet pacifiste moderne
Left heart volume characteristics with a right ventricular volume overload. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and large atrial septal defect.

Left heart volume characteristics were evaluated by using biplane cineangiocardiography in 18 studies in 15 patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and in 37 studies on 35 patients with large secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defects (ASD). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was decreased to less than 67% of normal in five of 15 preoperative TAPVC patients, but the average value for the entire group was not significantly different from normal. In ASD patients, the average LVEDV was 87% of normal which was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The ejection fraction was decreased from normal in patients with TAPVC and ASD who were less than 2 years of age (0.62 vs. 0.68, P < 0.01), but was normal in older patients. Left ventricular systolic output was significantly decreased from normal in both TAPVC (75% of normal, P < 0.001) and ASD patients (81% of normal, P < 0.001). Left atrial maximal volume was significantly decreased from normal in TAPVC patients averaging o...
Pregnancy and Sexuality

Sexuality is an integral part of the human experience. Pregnancy is a time of adjustment, and the pregnant couple has a special need for information, guidance, and education during this period. Descriptions of various physiologic and emotional changes caused by pregnancy, with suggested nursing interventions, are presented.
Status of the D0 Detector Upgrade for Run II

The status of the D0 upgrade project is summarized, including a discussion of all subdetectors, the trigger system as well as plans for further upgrades in view of the Tevatron high luminosity phase Run IIb.
Deposition of epitaxial yttria-stabilized zirconia on single-crystal Si and subsequent growth of an amorphous SiO2 interlayer

Abstract A processing technique is developed to fabricate single-crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on amorphous SiO2 on (100) single-crystal Si. The YSZ layer shows high crystallinity with an ion beam channelling minimum of 11 % from Rutherford backscattering. Even though there is a thick intervening amorphous SiO2 layer between the Si and the YSZ, the single-crystal YSZ layer is aligned with the crystal Si. The tilt and rotation variations are 0·64° and 1·11° respectively, based on X-ray diffraction Ω-rocking curves on [100] and π scans on [202] of YSZ films. The epitaxial nature of the YSZ on the thick SiO2 layer (from 10 to 100 nm) is further confirmed by high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis. This processing and the resulting multilayer structure might provide a new option for fabricating innovative microelectronic devices.
Mercury Scaling of a Swirling Jet Micro-Bubble Generator

Swirling jets with co-axial gas filament flow have been used for production of small bubbles in environmental and chemical processing industries for some time. The modeling of the physics for the gas filament break-up is not well established, and this impedes scaling of the device to use with fluids other than water and organics where data is available. High speed photographic studies of the gas filament break-up are used to examine the physical phenomena, and support model development for the bubble production that may be used to scale the device to alternate applications, such as bubble production in liquid metals. Bubble break-up models based on energy dissipation generate a power-law, with exponent of α = 8/5, relating Weber number to Reynolds number at the nozzle exit. Those models are compared to empirical models found in the literature providing a link between mechanistic models, scaling arguments, and legacy empirical models.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Intraperitoneal production of erythropoietin with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Higher hematocrit and serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels have previously been shown in end-stage renal disease patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) compared with hemodialysis. We investigated whether EPO was produced intraperitoneally in CAPD patients. EPO concentration was 3.5±0.3 mU/ml by radioimmunoassay in 26 samples of peritoneal dialysis effluent obtained from 15 CAPD patients. EPO was not detectable in the fresh unused dialysate. No correlation was observed between EPO levels in the serum and dialysis effluent. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from the dialysis effluent of 9 CAPD patients after an overnight dwell. The culture supernatant obtained after 24 h of in vitro culture of a million cells yielded EPO of 3.5±0.3 mU/ml. Our study demonstrated that peritoneal macrophages from CAPD patients produce EPO on in vitro stimulation, and EPO is present in the dialysis effluent of CAPD patients.
Clinical Research in Primary Stroke Prevention: Needs, Opportunities, and Challenges

Most ( approximately 70%) of strokes are first-ever strokes, and hence to substantially reduce the neurological burden, primary prevention is crucial. Here, highlights of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke workshop "Stroke Risk Assessment and Future Stroke Primary Prevention Trials" held January 12-13, 2004 are summarized. The Workshop discussions focused on stroke risk assessment; the high-risk vs. population-based approaches to primary prevention; desirable characteristics of candidate treatments and potential novel treatments, such as the 'polypill'; subclinical disease as risk assessment tool and as surrogate outcome, and methodological issues in stroke primary prevention trials. The importance of assessing cognitive decline as an important consequence of covert and overt vascular injury of the brain was emphasized. The scientific or logistic barriers to stroke primary prevention trials are challenging, but are not insurmountable.
Software for personal computers — An engineer's view

Abstract A one-day short course entitled “Personal Computers in Nuclear Instrumentation” was given in conjunction with the IEEE's 1984 Nuclear Science Symposium. The course was intended to be introductory in nature, but for an audience of scientists and engineers. The course began with a discussion of the hardware normally associated with personal computers, followed by this introduction to the software.
COMPARISON OF THE CALMING AND SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF NALBUPHINE AND PENTAZOCINE FOR PAEDIATRIC PREMEDICATION

Nalbuphine (EN2234A) is an agonist-antagonist analgesic. It is structurally related to the narcotic analgesic oxymorphone and to the narcotic antagonist naloxone. A double blind study was carried out in 400 children in ASA classification I, ranging from 10 months to 14 years of age, to compare nalbuphine, pentazocine and placebo for paediatric premedication. Our results showed that nalbuphine is comparable to pentazocine as a premedicating agent and superior to placebo, in the doses used, and that premedication is an important adjunct to anaesthesia in children. Following premedication with nalbuphine or pentazocine, there were fewer apprehensive children at the time of induction of anaesthesia and in the recovery room when compared to those receiving placebo injections.
Telomere dynamics in genome stability

The past several years have seen an increasing interest in telomere recombinational interactions that provide many functions in telomere capping, in telomere size homeostasis and in overcoming the catastrophic effects of telomerase deficiency. Several key recombination mechanisms have emerged from recent investigations. In the yeasts, these mechanisms include exchange between subtelomeric regions and telomere sequences, rapid telomere expansion and telomere deletion. These processes proceed by pathways that use both the cellular recombination machinery and novel mechanisms such as rolling circle replication. The insights gained from recent studies extend our understanding of similar processes in higher eukaryotes and suggest that the recombinational dynamics of telomeres have additional roles that contribute to genomic stability and instability.