cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic H Transfers: Quantum Tunneling and Coupled Motion from Kinetic Isotope Effect Studies

Many hydrogen transfer processes exhibit nonclassical behavior due to inherent quantum mechanical properties of the hydrogen. Investigation of various enzymes under physiological conditions indicates that hydrogen transfer processes often show significant quantum mechanical behavior. Traditionally, this phenomenon was treated in terms of a tunneling correction to classical or semiclassical models. However, more recently, it has been observed that increasing numbers of enzymes yield data that cannot be rationalized by tunneling correction models. Observations such as large kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) with unusual temperature dependence, isotope effects on Arrhenius preexponential factors with values different from semiclassical predicted ranges, and small temperature-independent KIEs for processes with significant energy of activation, could only be explained with full tunneling models for H transfer. Full tunneling models presume that the solvent or protein fluctuations generate a reactive configuration along the heavy-atom coordinate, from which the hydrogen is transferred through quantum mechanical tunneling. These models are sometimes denoted as environmentally coupled tunneling (ECT) or Marcus-like models, and they link protein dynamics to the catalyzed H transfer. Several enzymatic systems (dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and soybean lipoxygenase) are presented as case studies of proton, hydrogen, and hydride transfer.
On the Separation of Stress-Induced and Texture-Induced Birefringence in Acoustoelasticity

In this paper we develop a simple micromechanical model of a prestressed polycrystalline aggregate, in which the texture-induced and stress-induced anisotropies of the aggregate are precisely defined; here the word ‘texture’ always refers to the texture of the aggregate at the given prestressed configuration, not to that of a perhaps fictitious natural state of the aggregate. We use this model to derive, for a prestressed orthotropic aggregate of cubic crystallites, a birefringence formula which shows explicitly the effects of the orthotropic texture on the acoustoelastic coefficients. From this formula we observe that, generally speaking, we cannot separate the total birefringence into two distinct parts, one reflecting purely the influence of stress on the birefringence, and the other encompassing all the effects of texture. The same formula, on the other hand, provides for each material specific quantitative criteria under which the ‘separation of stress-induced and texture-induced birefringence’ would become meaningful in an approximate sense.
The forward drift chamber system for the GlueX detector

The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is planning an upgrade of the existing electron beam energy from 6 GeV to 12 GeV. The program calls for the construction of a new experimental hall - Hall D - and a new Tagger hall in which the electron beam will be converted to a photon beam that interacts with a target at the center of the GlueX detector housed in Hall D. The detector is based on a solenoidal design with drift chambers and a lead-scintillator calorimeter inside the bore of the magnet and sets of time- of-flight scintillators and lead-glass crystals in the downstream direction outside of the magnet. The Forward Drift Chambers will measure the paths of charged particles travelling in the forward direction downstream of the target. Each chamber unit will consist of a wire plane flanked on either side by cathode planes divided into strips. The combination of wire and cathode readout allows for reconstruction of "space points" at several positions along the beam line. A small-scale prototype of one unit has been constructed and studied with cosmic rays. The best resolution obtained on the bench for the coordinate along the wire is 158plusmn3 mum averaged over multiple anode wires, meeting our design goal of <200 mum.
Improving CT prediction of treatment response in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma using statistical learning theory

Significant interest exists in establishing radiologic imaging as a valid biomarker for assessing the response of cancer to a variety of treatments. To address this problem, we have chosen to study patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to learn whether statistical learning theory can improve the performance of radiologists using CT in predicting patient treatment response to therapy compared with the more traditional RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) standard. Predictions of survival after 8 months in 38 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique improved 30% when using additional information compared to WHO (World Health Organization) or RECIST measurements alone. With both Logistic Regression (LR) and SVM, there was no significant difference in performance between WHO and RECIST. The SVM and LR techniques also demonstrated that one radiologist consistently outperformed another. This preliminary research study has demonstrated that SLT algorithms, properly used in a clinical setting, have the potential to address questions and criticisms associated with both RECIST and WHO scoring methods. We also propose that tumor heterogeneity, shape, etc. obtained from CT and/or MRI scans be added to the SLT feature vector for processing.
WE-D-T-617-09: A Novel Approach to the Optimization of Beam Current Modulation for Proton Therapy Beam Using Passive Scattering

Purpose: To develop an effective and efficient method for optimizing the beam current modulation (BCM) pattern in commissioning proton beams using passive scattering and range modulation wheels. This modulation pattern is essential in producing beams with properly weighted spread-out Bragg peaks for the desired depth-dose distribution. Method and Materials: The proton beam nozzle houses the spinning modulation wheel (600 rpm) and the various scattering components and translates the modulated beam current to a depth-dose distribution. This translation can be described, for a specific configuration of the nozzle, i.e., with a specific wheel position at a specific time, by a function C(x, t), defined as the dose produced at depth x and time t for a unit beam current at the time t. While the function C(x, t) is difficult to calculate theoretically due to the complex scattering paths in the nozzle and the phantom, it can be easily obtained by measuring the dose as a function of time and by a proper deconvolution taking into account the delays from the measuring circuit. With C(x, t) determined, one can calculate the depth dose distributions for any given BCM. Then the optimal BCM can be found, not by repeated measurements, as was often done before, but by numerical calculations. A window-based software has been developed to measure the time-dose functions and to perform numerical BCM optimizations. Results: The method was applied to optimize the BCM for a number of proton beams. The differences between the calculated and measured depth dose distributions are less than 1%, well within the clinical requirement. Conclusion: We have developed an effective and efficient method for optimizing the beam current modulation for proton therapy beams using passive scattering.
Detection of 17O by Proton T1ρ Dispersion Imaging

In this communication, we have examined the effect of 17 O-enriched water on proton T 1ρ relaxation enhancement in aqueous phantoms at high magnetic field strength (2T). 17 O-enriched water produced striking, concentration-dependent alterations in T 1ρ dispersion over a range of spin-lock frequencies between 0.1 and 2.0 kHz. T 1ρ -weighted imaging of the phantoms revealed marked differences in signal intensity that correlated well with H 2 17 O concentration. We propose that the ratio of T 1ρ -weighted images obtained at two different spin-lock frequencies (in the range 0.1-2.0 kHz) can be used to quantify 17 O concentration.
Strain effect on the electrical conductivity of epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films

Sr-doped LaMnO3 is the conventional cathode material used in solid oxide fuel cells. In this work, we utilize epitaxial thin films grown on various single-crystal oxide substrates as a model system to systematically vary the amount of strain imposed upon the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films. We find that with increasing tetragonal distortion, the activation energy for small polaron hopping increases and the conductivity decreases by as much as an order of magnitude compared to that of the bulk material.
Global sensitivity to velocity errors at the libration points

The global effects on non-linear stability are investigated at and around the triangular libration points. The model of the circular restricted problem of three bodies is used, considering the earth and the moon as the primaries. Areas of the initial conditions in the configuration space leading to stability with zero initial velocity around the equilibrium points are compared to stable areas in the phase space with variable initial velocity and zero initial deviations at the equilibrium points. The behavior of the system concerning errors due to initial conditions in the configuration space is studied for 6 years and the effects of initial velocity errors are considered for 7.73 years.
Omnibus permutation tests of the association of an ensemble of genetic markers with disease in case-control studies.

An omnibus permutation test of the overall null hypothesis can be used to assess the association of an entire ensemble of genetic markers with disease in case-control studies. In this approach, p-values for univariate marker-specific Armitage trend tests are combined to form a scalar statistic, which is then used in a permutation test to determine an overall p-value. Two previously described competing methods utilize either a standard two-sample Hotelling's T2 statistic or a global U statistic that is a weighted sum of univariate U statistics. In contrast to Hotelling's test, omnibus tests are much less sensitive to missing data, and utilize all available data. In contrast to the global U test, omnibus tests do not require that the direction of the effects of the individual markers on the risk of disease be correctly specified in advance; in fact, any combination of one- and two-sided univariate tests can be used. Simulations show that, even under circumstances favoring the competing tests (no missing data; direction of effects known), omnibus permutation tests based on Fisher's combining function or the Anderson-Darling statistic typically have power comparable to or greater than Hotelling's and the global U tests. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physician earnings at risk: an examination of capitated contracts.

What physicians don't know about managed care capitated contracts could put them—and their patients—at risk.
RESONANCE TRANSPORT IN NEAR-INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS WITH MANY DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Abstract When a small perturbation is added to the Hamiltonian function of an integrable multi-dimensional nonlinear system, classical transport processes on the action space can be dramatically altered when the phase point is inside a nonlinear resonance. This phenomenon, called “streaming” here, can result in the rapid migration of the phase point along the resonance, and a corresponding enhanced transport through the action space. The magnitude of the enhanced transport depends on the direction of the resonant libration induced by the perturbation.
Attempts to control Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ciliophora: Ophryoglenidae) by chemotherapy and electrotherapy

. New methods were studied for the control of Ichthyophthirius muttifiliis Fouquet, one of the most serious parasites of fish. Totals of 272 fish, 354 I. Multifiliis trophozoites and 562,500 tomites were used in the screening of amprolium, ronidizole, and silver nitrate for parasite control. In addition, 1,465 trophozoites and 600 tomites were subjected to pulsed DC electrotherapy trials. Silver nitrate at 0·67 ppm was 100% effective in eradicating tomites, while ronidizole at 750 ppm gave 100% and 97% control of trophozoites and tomites, respectively. Amprolium and electrotherapy were both ineffective against trophozoites and tomites. Silver nitrate has promise as a safe and effective alternative to chemicals currently used to control I. multifiliis.
Micro-electrode Techniques for the Analysis of Oral Fluids

This paper describes the use of micro-electrodes for the analysis of small fluid volumes recovered from the oral environment. The analysis has several advantages: (1) It directly measures the activity of ions, a quantity more relevant to mineral saturation than the conventionally measured concentration, (2) minimum fluid volume for analysis is usually less than 0.005 microL, small enough to avoid sample pooling in most analyses, (3) numerous ions can be measured simultaneously, (4) the analysis time is very short, and (5) the use of mineral oil to isolate specimens provides a simple method for controlling the CO2 tension and humidity over the specimens.
Application of stochastic averaging to non-linear ecosystems

Abstract Stochastic models for the prey–predator type ecosystems in a random environment are proposed and investigated. They are the stochastic versions of the classical Lotka–Volterra model, the predator-saturation model, and the time-delay model. Variations in the birth rate of the preys and the death rate of the predators are modeled as random processes. For the three stochastic models, the stochastic averaging procedure of Stratonovich and Khasminskii is applied to obtain the probability distributions of the prey and predator populations at the state of statistical stationarity. Effects of different system parameters on the ecosystem behaviors are evaluated. The analytical results are substantiated by results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations.
Early results of the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic dysplasia in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

IntroductionCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTD) is one of the most common inherited neurologic disorders and can be associated with hip dysplasia. Little is known regarding outcomes of the PAO for patients with CMTD. Our purpose is to document the early results and complications of the PAO for hip dysplasia associated with CMTD.MethodsA two centre, retrospective clinical and radiographic review was performed. Demographic and surgical data were recorded. Pre- and postoperative lateral centre edge angle (LCEA), acetabular index (AI), ventral centre edge angle (VCEA), and Tonnis osteoarthritis grade were compared. Hips were classified according to Severin. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Western Ontario and McMasters University (WOMAC) index documented self-reported function.ResultsNineteen hips in 14 patients underwent PAO, mean age 16.2 (range 11.2–21 years). Thirteen concomitant procedures were performed, including seven proximal femoral osteotomies. Average follow-up was 3.4 years (range 0.9–8.5). Post...
Unilateral 14 and 6 Hz positive bursts

Abstract We describe the unilateral occurrence of 14 and 6 Hz positive bursts in successive EEGs in a 25-year-old woman following surgical resection of a left parietal arteriovenous malformation which had caused a left parieto-temporal intracerebral hematoma. This is only the second reported case of unilateral 14 and 6 Hz positive bursts. This could represent either a normal pattern seen unilaterally because of a skull defect or be a manifestation of neuronal damage.
Customer-sales associate retail relationships

Abstract We examine one-on-one relationships between customers and sales associates, which we refer to as relationship selling to differentiate it from relationship marketing, using a qualitative research approach. We conducted observations of and interviews with a successful group of retail sales associates and a set of their “call customers.” Based on our data, a relationship formation/enhancement model emerged, which focused on: (1) commitment and orientation to customer service by top management and employees, as well as a desire for a relationship by the customer; (2) augmented personal service and team playing by employees; (3) repeat customer-employee interactions based on trust, friendship, and functionality; and (4) development of customer loyalty to the sales associate and firm, and employee reinforcement and loyalty to the company and customer.
A quantitative study of variation in mosquito response and host attractiveness.

Mosquito response to the human host and the host attractiveness to the mosquitoes are dynamic rather than static in nature and change with time. This study quantitates each in the presence of the other. Significant differences were found in the response of 4 mosquito batches obtained from a common gene pool and reared under identical conditions. The attraction of the human hosts also varied during the test period (5 days). It is concluded that the variability in mosquito response can be reduced but not eliminated by rearing the larvae and holding the adults under uniform conditions. The need for replication and proper experimental design is emphasized for such studies.
Comparison of NAIP orthophotography and RapidEye satellite imagery for mapping of mining and mine reclamation

National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) orthophotography is a potentially useful data source for land cover classification in the United States due to its nationwide and generally cloud-free coverage, low cost to the public, frequent update interval, and high spatial resolution. Nevertheless, there are challenges when working with NAIP imagery, especially regarding varying viewing geometry, radiometric normalization, and calibration. In this article, we compare NAIP orthophotography and RapidEye satellite imagery for high-resolution mapping of mining and mine reclamation within a mountaintop coal surface mine in the southern coalfields of West Virginia, USA. Two classification algorithms, support vector machines and random forests, were used to classify both data sets. Compared to the RapidEye classification, the NAIP classification resulted in lower overall accuracy and kappa and higher allocation disagreement and quantity disagreement. However, the accuracy of the NAIP classification was improved by...
Eigenvalue comparisons for quantum systems in a box

Abstract Comparison theorems are obtained for the first even and odd solutions of Schrodinger's equation −v″ + Q(t)v = λv, −l ≤ t ≤ l with boundary conditions v(−l) = v(l) = 0. The comparison functions Qi(t), i = 1, 2, may intersect at a finite number of points within [−l,l]. Immediate extensions are possible for a more general class of Sturm-Liouville problems, and for problems in unbounded regions.
The Death of the Concept of Publics (Plural) in 21st Century Public Relations

The concept of publics (plural) must be questioned because of today's communication and transportation technology. A difficult-to-explain-and-predict chaos theory has ensued as professional media have lost their monopoly of knowledge to an immense number of purveyors of seemingly infinite user-provided content traveling on inexpensive and easily accessible electronic channels of communication. Much of this content is ideological, refocusing responsibility on consumers. The only strategic public that can be identified with certainty is the general public during a time in which infinite numbers of volatile publics worldwide can form immediately and unpredictably and can act seemingly chaotically and with unforeseen power. The authors call for a re-definition of public relations in today's mediated society.
Planar measurement of flow field parameters in a nonreacting supersonic combustor using laser-induced iodine fluorescence

A nonintrusive optical technique, laser-induced iodine fluorescence, has been used to obtain planar measurements of flow field parameters in the supersonic mixing flow field of a nonreacting supersonic combustor. The combustor design used in this work was configured with staged transverse sonic injection behind a rearward-facing step into a Mach 2.07 free stream. A set of spatially resolved measurements of temperature and injectant mole fraction has been generated. These measurements provide an extensive and accurate experimental data set required for the validation of computational fluid dynamic codes developed for the calculation of highly three-dimensional combustor flow fields.
Supported mesoporous solid base catalysts for condensation of carboxylic acids

Abstract New mesoporous base catalysts (CM-HMS and CM-MCM-41) were synthesized by generating uniform particles of cerium and manganese oxides (MnO x /CeO 2 ) in situ within hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) and MCM-41 supports. These catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), FTIR, temperature-programmed desorption of CO 2 (CO 2 -TPD), and diffuse reflectance UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Spectroscopic studies reveal that some particles of MnO x /CeO 2 are incorporated into the walls of the silica network of HMS and MCM-41, while others are highly dispersed onto the surface of the HMS or MCM-41. The catalytic activity of CM-HMS and CM-MCM-41 for the ketonization of carboxylic acids was confirmed; better utilization of Ce and Mn was observed than in unsupported MnO x /CeO 2 . The citrate-based preparation of MnO x /CeO 2 catalyst supported on HMS and MCM-41 has not been previously reported in the literature.
An Internally Compensated Low Noise Monolithic Stereo Preamplifier

An internally compensated low noise stereo preamplifier has been designed for consumer applications. It is characterized by 106 dB open loop gain, 76 dB S/N ratio (R1AA) and 0. 1% distortion when supplying 9Vrms to a 2K?load using a 30V supply.
ASM Refinement and generalizations of forward simulation in data refinement: a comparison

In (J. Universal Comput. Sci. 7 (2001) 952), we have formalized Borger's refinement notion for Abstract State Machines (ASMs). The formalization was based on transition systems and verification conditions were expressed in Dynamic Logic.In this paper, the relation between ASM refinement and data refinement is explored. Data refinement expresses operations and verification conditions using relational calculus.We show how to bridge the gap between the different notations, and that forward simulation in the behavioral approach to data refinement can be viewed as a specific instance of ASM refinement with 1:1 diagrams, where control structure is not refined.We also prove that two recent generalizations of data refinement, weak refinement and coupled refinement can be derived from ASM refinement.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in a naturally occurring canine model of spinal cord injury

Retrospective cohort study. To analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluator agreement in dogs with spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) using semiautomated and manual lesion segmentation and to analyze the associations between MRI and functional outcome. United States of America. T2-weighted MRIs from dogs with SCI resulting from thoracolumbar IVDH were identified from a database. Evaluators categorized MRIs on the basis of the presence or absence of a T2-hyperintense spinal cord lesion in axial and sagittal images. A semiautomated segmentation algorithm was developed and used to estimate the lesion volume. Agreement between evaluators and between semiautomated and manual segmentation was analyzed. The relationships of qualitative and quantitative MRIs with behavioral functional outcome were analyzed. Axial images more commonly depicted lesions compared with sagittal images. Lesions in axial images had more consistent associations with functional outcome compared with sagittal images. There was imperfect qualitative agreement, and lesion volume estimation was imprecise. However, there was improved precision using semiautomated segmentation compared with manual segmentation. Lesion volume estimation in dogs with naturally occurring SCI caused by IVDH is challenging, and axial images have important advantages compared with sagittal images. The semiautomated segmentation algorithm described herein shows promise but may require further refinement.
Disorder effects on infrared reflection spectra of InN films

The effect of plasmon and LO-phonon damping on the optical measurements of InN films is discussed. Phonon and plasmon damping dramatically modifies the spectral features of the optical spectra and destabilizes the coupled modes of the system. Phonon damping affects the optical properties in a qualitatively different way from plasmon damping. Increased phonon damping leads to a merging of the coupled modes for a certain range of carrier density. Plasmon damping broadens the spectral linewidths of both of the coupled modes when plasmon energies are of the order of LO-phonon energies. However, when plasmon energies are larger than LO-phonon energies, increasing plasmon damping makes the higher-energy mode completely degenerate with plasmon, and may even have lower energies than plasmon. In weakly damped situations, we also discuss the low-energy optical transmission region that forms in between the coupled modes. Finally, the effect of plasmon and LO-phonon coupling on the analyses of the experimental infrar...
DINESCAPE: A Scale for Customers' Perception of Dining Environments

ABSTRACT This study explored the dimensions of the physical environment of upscale restaurants to develop the DINESCAPE scale. Relevant literature in environmental psychology and marketing was reviewed, highlighting empirical and theoretical contributions. The procedures used in constructing and refining a multiple-item scale to assess DINESCAPE in the upscale restaurant setting are specified in this paper. Based on quantitative analyses, a six-factor scale was identified, consisting of facility aesthetics, ambience, lighting, service product, layout, and social factors. The reliability and validity of the scale and the factor structure are presented, along with potential applications of the scale.
Commentary: What Both Critics and Users of Ability Tests Need to Know

Tests and testing have been the objects of severe criticism from the beginning of the use of the technology, but the more recent focus has been on race and ethnicity. Critics need to know what they are criticizing. I describe the "what" at two levels: a generalized description of the items in intelligence tests and the correlates of the total scores on those items. No scientific theory can ignore dependable correlates. Although I discuss general intelligence tests primarily, the same approach can be taken with so-called aptitude and achievement tests. My frequent use of "intelligence" in place of "score on a test of general intelligence" is for convenience and does not imply a switch from description to theory. With respect to group differences, I concentrate on blacks and whites because of the dependable data available.
Ex ungue leonem

On the occasion of his passing on the editorship of the International Review of Financial Analysis, this article takes a look at George Frankfurter's past publications, which constitute what is arguably the most learned and certainly the most iconoclastic oeuvre in finance. But underlying all of his work, including the most pointedly critical, has been a desire to strengthen the discipline and to ensure that it remains vital and open to new ideas.
General-Purpose Situational Simulation Environment for Construction Education

The traditional construction education model based on precise well-defined problems and formal definitions is not satisfactorily fulfilling its mission of educating the decision makers of tomorrow. This realization has moved several researchers to explore alternatives where problem solving is carried out in conjunction with the environment, and concepts are embedded in the context promoting learning within the nexus of the activity. Several efforts have been undertaken to develop these environments resulting in a variety of special-purpose situational simulations. However, special-purpose situational simulations exhibit inherent limitations related to their application breadth, flexibility, and promotion of collaborations. These limitations cannot be resolved within the framework of special-purpose learning environments. A general-purpose environment is required to overcome these shortcomings and take full advantage of the situational learning paradigm. This paper describes the conceptual framework and pilot implementation of such an environment called the Virtual Coach.
Evaluating Cluster Preservation in Frequent Itemset Integration for Distributed Databases

Medical sciences are rapidly emerging as a data rich discipline where the amount of databases and their dimensionality increases exponentially with time. Data integration algorithms often rely upon discovering embedded, useful, and novel relationships between feature attributes that describe the data. Such algorithms require data integration prior to knowledge discovery, which can lack the timeliness, scalability, robustness, and reliability of discovered knowledge. Knowledge integration algorithms offer pattern discovery on segmented and distributed databases but require sophisticated methods for pattern merging and evaluating integration quality. We propose a unique computational framework for discovering and integrating frequent sets of features from distributed databases and then exploiting them for unsupervised learning from the integrated space. Assorted indices of cluster quality are used to assess the accuracy of knowledge merging. The approach preserves significant cluster quality under various cluster distributions and noise conditions. Exhaustive experimentation is performed to further evaluate the scalability and robustness of the proposed methodology.
Combustion of wood charcoal

The dynamics of burning of wood charcoal in an air stream is examined both experimentally and theoretically. To simplify the theory, an experimental arrangement approximating a one dimensional phenomenon was adopted. The theory includes conduction in the solid, chemical reactions and heat release at the surface, and heat and mass transfer in the gas boundary layer above the surface. The molar CO/CO2 ratio is measured. The theory predicts surface temperature, solid temperature distribution and burning rate within experimental error. An effective reaction rate formula is developed.
The digital atheneum: new approaches for preserving, restoring and analyzing damaged manuscripts

This paper presents research focused on developing new techniques and algorithms for the digital acquisition, restoration, and study of damaged manuscripts. We present results from an acquisition effort in partnership with the British Library, funded through the NSF DLI-2 program, designed to capture 3-D models of old and damaged manuscripts. We show how these 3-D facsimiles can be analyzed and manipulated in ways that are tedious or even impossible if confined to the physical manuscript. In particular, we present results from a restoration framework we have developed for "flattening" the 3-D representation of badly warped manuscripts. We expect these research directions to give scholars more sophisticated methods to preserve, restore, and better understand the physical objects they study.
Vincristine therapy of lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The results of vincristine therapy in 103 patients with lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia were evaluated. Seventy-six per cent of the patients with reticulum cell sarcoma and 62% of those with Hodgkin's disease responded, while the drug was of little benefit in patients with lymphosarcoma and of no value in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Complete or marked responses were seen in 52% of patients with reticulum cell sarcoma and 20% of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Unmaintained remission was short, lasting a median of 4 weeks. Attempts to prolong the remissions with maintenance vincristine therapy were unsuccessful. No serious neurotoxicity was seen in any of the patients receiving a total dose of less than 7 mg. An unequivocal therapeutic response was evident in all patients before the third dose. If no antitumor effect is observed after two doses, further administration is not indicated.
Loosely-Specified Query Processing in Large-Scale Information Systems

Challenging issues for processing queries specified over large-scale information spaces (e.g., Digital Libraries or the World Wide Web) include the diversity of the information sources in terms of their structures, query interfaces and search capabilities, as well as the dynamics of sources continuously being added, removed or upgraded. In this paper, we give an innovative solution for query planning in such environments. The foundation of our solution is the Dynamic Information Integration Model (DIIM) which supports the specification of not only content but also capabilities of resources without requiring the establishment of a uniform integration schema. Besides the development of the DIIM model, contributions of this paper include: (1) the introduction of the notion of fully specified queries that are semantically equivalent to a loosely-specified query; (2) a translation algorithm of a loosely-specified query into a set of semantically equivalent feasible query plans that are consistent with the bind...
Identifying clinical scholarship guidelines for faculty practice.

Abstract Clear descriptors of faculty practice and scholarly activities are essential to precisely demonstrate that the faculty practice role meets the standards of academic advancement and to influence academic policy. A description of scholarly clinical activities (1) justifies the benefits of faculty practice by means other than fiscal, (2) provides data for research regarding faculty practice, and (3) provides data to support the nursing profession’s political, social, and health care agendas. Guidelines for clinical scholarship are described in this article. A review of relevant literature demonstrates that these guidelines go beyond current models by describing 24 scholarly activities organized into 4 areas: quality, governance, leadership, and knowledge development. Three years of data describing the scholarly activities of a college of nursing faculty engaged in practice are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the indicators in achieving these goals. These data can provide valuable information for trend analysis and, through heightened awareness of opportunities, increase faculty clinical scholarship activities.
Bifunctional polyacrylamide based polymers for the specific binding of hexahistidine tagged proteins on gold surfaces

We describe a modified bifunctional analogue of polyacrylamide that spontaneously forms self-assembled polymeric thin films on Au surfaces. The film is engineered to specifically bind histidine tagged proteins (6His), while simultaneously remaining inherently resistant to the non-specific adsorption of proteins in solution. The backbone of a polyacrylamide-co-n-acryloxysuccinimide copolymer is functionalized via tandem active ester (NHS) couplings with 3-(methylthio)propylamine (MTP) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The resulting functionalized polymers form stable and exceptionally hydrophilic thin films that are ∼2–5 nm thick, a mass coverage that varies with the MTP graft density. These films are characterized using a variety of techniques (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), ellipsometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)) to establish their structure and function. The protein resistance of the films, as demonstrated by their exposure to solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA), can be modulated by the amount of MTP grafted to the polymer, which in turn, affects their mass coverage. We show that it is possible to specifically capture hexahistidine tagged proteins with low incidences of nonspecific adsorption using these materials, a discrimination quantified using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at concentrations down to ∼20 nM. These polymers also bind strongly to the surfaces of Au nanoparticles, stabilizing them against aggregation, providing them with a similar capacity to selectively bind 6His tagged proteins that can then be speciated using MALDI.
Surface assembly of pyridyl-substituted porphyrins on Au(111) investigated in situ using scanning probe lithography

Scanning probe characterizations of porphyrin patterns created by nanografting were used to provide insight for the molecular orientation and surface assembly of porphyrins with pyridyl and phenyl substituents. In-situ AFM provides highly local views of the assembly of pyridyl-substituted porphyrins on surfaces of Au(111). Matrix self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) of n-alkanethiols furnish a molecular ruler for calibrating height measurements. Nanografting can be used for local measurements of the thickness of porphyrin films in situ by comparison with heights of n-alkanethiol nanopatterns. When nanografted, pyridyl porphyrins were found to assemble onto gold directly into an upright configuration, and surface binding is likely mediated through nitrogen-gold chemisorption.
Implementing Welfare Reform and Guiding Organizational Change

Abstract Federal welfare reform has provided the impetus for profound changes at the level of county public social service agencies as they respond to mandatory work requirements and time limits for their clients. At the forefront of this change are the directors of these agencies, who are leading a process of cultural, systemic and community change. This study looks at qualitative data drawn from interviews and ongoing consultation with ten county social service directors as they reflected on the first two years of welfare reform implementation. The key findings include: (1) identification of major organizational challenges; (2) the core values guiding the directors' leadership of the change process; and (3) lessons emerging from reflection while engaged in the change process. The learning organization principles outlined by Senge (1990) form the framework for interpreting the findings.
A general strategic capacity planning model under demand uncertainty

Capacity planning decisions affect a significant portion of future revenue. In equipment intensive industries, these decisions usually need to be made in the presence of both highly volatile demand and long capacity installation lead times. For a multiple product case, we present a continuous-time capacity planning model that addresses problems of realistic size and complexity found in current practice. Each product requires specific operations that can be performed by one or more tool groups. We consider a number of capacity allocation policies. We allow tool retirements in addition to purchases because the stochastic demand forecast for each product can be decreasing. We present a cluster-based heuristic algorithm that can incorporate both variance reduction techniques from the simulation literature and the principles of a generalized maximum flow algorithm from the network optimization literature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
JUVENILE INVOLVEMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL DELINQUENCY

Although concern with white-collar crime has grown considerably in recent years, little research has been undertaken on the workplace misconduct of juveniles. This omission is noteworthy because of the extensive involvement of youths in the labor market. Accordingly, based on a sample of high school seniors, we explored the determinants of youths' occupational delinquency. The analysis revealed that work-related delinquency is affected both by underlying criminal propensities and by contact with delinquent coworkers on the job. It also appears that delinquent youths are selected into negative work environments in which they come into contact with fellow delinquents—an interaction effect that amplifies their occupational delinquency. Finally, the data suggest that associating with delinquent coworkers affects misbehavior not only within, but also outside the workplace. The theoretical implications of these findings are explored.
Predictive force model for haptic feedback in bone sawing.

Abstract Bone sawing simulators with force feedback represent a cost effective means of training orthopedic surgeons in various surgical procedures, such as total knee arthroplasty. To develop a machine with accurate haptic feedback, giving a sensation of both cutting force and rate of material removal, algorithms are required to forecast bone sawing forces based on user input. Presently, studies on forces generated while machining bone are not representative of the high cutting speeds and low depths of cut common to the bone sawing process. The objective of this research was to quantify sawing forces in cortical bone as a function of blade speed and depth of cut. A fixture was developed to simulate linear bone sawing over a range of speeds comparable to surgical reciprocating and oscillating (sagittal) bone saws. A single saw blade tooth was isolated and used to create a slotted cut in bovine cortical bone. Over a range in linear sawing speed from 1700 to 7000mm/s, a t -test ( α =0.05) revealed there was no statistically significant effect of blade speed on either cutting or thrust force. However, an increase in depth of cut from 2 to 10μm resulted in a 30% increase in thrust force, while cutting force remained constant. The increase in thrust force with depth of cut was relatively linear, R 2 =0.80. Using a two factor, two level design of experiments approach, regression equations were developed to relate sawing forces to changes in blade speed and depth of cut. These equations can be used to predict forces in a haptic feedback model.
Evaluation of a Population Roster as a Source of Population Controls: The Massachusetts Resident Lists

Published population rosters can serve as a convenient source of population controls. The authors evaluated one such roster, the Massachusetts Resident Lists, by estimating the completeness of the Lists and by describing the differences between persons included and not included on the Lists. The subjects were cases from three case-control studies of ovarian cancer conducted in eastern Massachusetts between 1978 and 1996. For each of the three case series, more than 90% of the cases were located on the Resident Lists. Age was one of the primary differences to emerge between cases included and not included; in the most recent case series, cases younger than age 40 years were less likely than older cases to be included on the Lists.
Retrieval of aerosol single scattering albedo at ultraviolet wavelengths at the T1 site during MILAGRO

Abstract. Surface measurements of direct and diffuse voltages at UV wavelengths were made at the T1 site during the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) field campaign in March 2006, using a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (UV-MFRSR). We used the MFRSR data, together with measurements from a co-located CIMEL Sun photometer at the site operating as part of the AERONET network, to deduce aerosol single scattering albedo (ω) at 368 and 332 nm for four cloud-free days during the study. Our retrievals suggest that T1 aerosols with aerosol extinction optical depth τ368>0.1 that are influenced by Mexico City emissions, blowing dust, and biomass burning, are characterized by low ω368=0.73–0.85 and ω332=0.70–0.86, with small or no spectral variation of ω between 368 and 332 nm. Our findings are consistent with other published estimates of ω for Mexico City aerosols, including those that suggest that the absorption attributable to these aerosols is enhanced at UV wavelengths relative to visible wavelengths. We also demonstrate, via sensitivity tests, the importance of accurate τ and surface albedo measurements in ω retrievals at UV wavelengths.
On-orbit radiometric and spectral calibration characteristics of EO-1 Hyperion derived with an underflight of AVIRIS and in situ measurements at Salar de Arizaro, Argentina

A calibration experiment was orchestrated on February 7, 2001 at the Salar de Arizaro, Argentina to assess the on-orbit radiometric and spectral calibration of Hyperion. At this high-altitude homogeneous dry salt lakebed, Hyperion, Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectroradiometer (AVIRIS) and in situ measurements were acquired. At a designated calibration target on Salar de Arizaro, the radiance spectra measured by Hyperion and AVIRIS were compared. In the spectral range from 430-900 nm [visible near-infrared (VNIR)], the ratio of Hyperion over AVIRIS was 0.89, and in the 900-2390-nm [shortwave infrared (SWIR)] spectral range the ratio was 0.79. A comparison of the Hyperion radiance spectrum with a radiative-transfer-code-predicted spectrum for the calibration target showed similar results. These results in conjunction with prelaunch laboratory measurements, on-orbit lunar measurements, other on-orbit calibration experiment results, as well as comparison with Landsat-7, lead to an update of Hyperion radiometric calibration in December 2001. The compromise update was to increase the Hyperion radiometric calibration coefficients by 8% in the VNIR and 18% in the SWIR spectrometers. In addition to radiometric accuracy, the on-orbit radiometric precision of Hyperion was assessed at Salar de Arizaro. Noise-equivalent delta radiance was calculated from Hyperion dark signal data and found to be five to ten times higher in comparison to AVIRIS. Also, from a homogeneous portion of Salar de Arizaro the Hyperion SNR was estimated at 140 in the VNIR and 60 in the 2200-nm region of the SWIR spectral range. Cross-track radiometric response was assessed with the AVIRIS dataset that spanned the full Hyperion swath. Within the accuracy of the registration of the datasets, the Hyperion cross-track response was shown to be uniform. Hyperion spectral calibration was assessed with a spectral fitting algorithm using the high spectral resolution radiative transfer modeled spectra for Salar de Arizaro.
Sublimation via virtual melting inside an elastoplastic material

Thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanical approaches for sublimation inside elastoplastic material via intermediate (virtual) melting under tensile pressure are developed for a spherical nucleus. Virtual melting represents the appearance of subcritical liquid drop that immediately transforms to gas bubble. The variety of mechanisms and transformation paths are revealed in different pressure ranges. The radius of the critical gas nucleus differs from the classical one because elastic energy of melt is size dependent due to surface tension. Our developed approach can be extended for various structural changes in nanoparticles within a void inside elastoplastic material and two-stage and multistage nucleation processes. Universal mechanical gas bubble instability is revealed.
Factors Affecting the Ability of a High β-Galactosidase Yogurt to Enhance Lactose Absorption

Abstract Lactose in yogurt is better absorbed by lactase-deficient subjects than is an equivalent quantity of lactose in milk, presumably because of the microbial activity of the β -galactosidase present in yogurt. In this study, we describe a process that increases the β -galactosidase of yogurt 5- to 6-fold and the ability of this high lactase yogurt to enhance lactose absorption in lactase-deficient subjects. These subjects ingested the yogurt meals after a 12-h fast, and lactose malabsorption was determined by measuring breath hydrogen. Breath hydrogen was reduced 39% following ingestion of high lactase yogurt from that after consumption of conventional yogurt, indicating that the high lactase yogurt enhanced lactose absorption. However, the reduction after high lactase yogurt was less than expected, given the 5- to 6-fold increment in β -galactosidase measured in vitro. In vivo activity of β -galactosidase requires that the enzyme resist acid denaturation in the stomach. The β -galactosidase in high lactase yogurt was much less acid resistant than was the β -galactosidase in conventional yogurt, and the relative inability of high lactase yogurt to enhance lactose absorption was likely due to the destruction of the β -galactosidase in the stomach.