cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of rapid antennation behavior in four species of Odontomachus trap-jaw ants

The exchange of rapid antennal strikes between individuals is a behavior exhibited by many social hymenopterans, largely in dominance contexts within the nest and in aggressive contexts towards non-nestmates. Despite being widely reported, the behavior itself has not been well described or compared between species for the majority of social insect groups. We first document how often rapid antennation is used as an aggressive response to non-nestmates for four species of Odontomachus ants. We then use high-speed videography to measure the rate of rapid antennation behavior for these species. We find that rates are neither conserved nor species-specific and average between 19.5 and 41.5 strikes/s. Next, with O. brunneus, we compare this behavior as it is performed between nestmates and non-nestmates. We find no context-specific differences in rate, bout length, or number of strikes. We conclude by discussing the evolution of this behavior and its potential utility as a model for understanding aggressive behaviors both inside and outside of the nest.
Why We Should Stop Being Surprised that Lightly-Regulated Markets Fail to Achieve the SEC's Goals for Market Quality

The stated goals of the SEC are to protect investors, maintain orderly markets and facilitate capital formation. These goals can be achieved with very light regulation if, as assumed by traditional economic theory, investors process information costlessly and protect themselves from informational disadvantages, and firms optimally balance the costs and benefits of committing to make their reports reliable. A growing body of research demonstrates that light regulation fails to achieve the SEC’s goals, because investors find information processing costly and fail to protect themselves. After reviewing theory and prior evidence, I discuss new lessons learned from Jiang, Petroni and Wang (2015), who show that PinkSheets® reduced the liquidity of firms with low reporting quality and increased the liquidity of firms with high reporting quality, merely by highlighting the quality of their listed firms’ disclosure. While the Pink Sheets® innovation might have occurred through many causal channels, all of them entail a violation of costless processing and self-protection, and lead to the conclusion that this lightly regulated market did not initially meet the stated goals of the SEC. I conclude by arguing that markets can achieve the SEC’s goals only if they exhibit a particularly strong version of “dynamic” market efficiency, which requires that each individual trade on the path to even incomplete revelation occur at the then-optimal price. Because dynamic efficiency is unlikely, we should stop being surprised to see yet more evidence that lightly-regulated markets fall short on key dimensions. Instead, we should use our well-developed understanding of market inefficiency to guide regulation.
The T Cell Cytolytic Molecules FasL and TRAIL are Required for Thymic GVHD (141.14)

Thymic graft-versus-host-disease (tGVHD) is an important contributor to impaired T cell reconstitution in patients with GVHD. We analyzed molecules relevant for T cell trafficking and cytolytic function in tGVHD. Thymic output and cellularity were inversely proportional to numbers of mature donor T cells in the allograft, suggesting that tGVHD severity was inversely associated with thymic function. Upon adoptive transfer of CFSE-labeled donor T cells, we noted that thymus-infiltrating alloreactive donor T cells were largely fast-proliferating and highly activated. These T cells infiltrated the thymus within one week after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. We analyzed T cells in tGVHD with mice deficient for certain molecules, and found that the trafficking molecules CCR9, β7 integrin, and PSGL-1 were all partially required for tGVHD, while L-selectin and αE integrin subunit may be dispensable. Similarly, we examined the role of T cell cytolytic pathways for tGVHD, and found that FasL and tumor necrosis factor associated apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) were required for tGVHD, but that perforin and TNF were dispensable. As host thymic stroma may be an important target for donor alloreactive T cells, we assessed the expression of the death receptors Fas and DR5 in thymic stroma from normal and irradiated mice, and found that endothelium and fibroblasts, as well as epithelial cells upregulated the expression of both Fas and DR5 after irradiation. FLIP, which is a negative regulator of Fas ligand and TRAIL mediated apoptosis, was also downregulated after irradiation. Our study suggests that TRAIL, which has previously been shown to be important in graft-versus-tumor activity, may also be important for mediating GVHD.
Similarity measures

With complex multimedia data, we see the emergence of database systems in which the fundamental operation is similarity assessment. Before database issues can be addressed, it is necessary to give a definition of similarity as an operation. We develop a similarity measure, based on fuzzy logic, that exhibits several features that match experimental findings in humans. The model is dubbed fuzzy feature contrast (FFC) and is an extension to a more general domain of the feature contrast model due to Tversky (1977). We show how the FFC model can be used to model similarity assessment from fuzzy judgment of properties, and we address the use of fuzzy measures to deal with dependencies among the properties.
American Dental Association Bureau of Dental Health Education

(1973). American Dental Association Bureau of Dental Health Education. School Health Review: Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 10-20.
Performance of Dwarf Chickens Compared with Normal Small-Bodied Chickens

Abstract A large body line (B) and a small body line (C) of Leghorns were each crossed reciprocally with a homozygous dwarf line (D). Feed conversion and other performance traits of the pure lines and crosses were compared. The main question explored was how mini-type chickens, produced by conventional methods of selection compare with dwarf mini-chickens in efficiency of egg production. Two years of data showed that the dwarf gene reduced body size about 30% and egg weight about 8%; this is in agreement with reports of others. Age at maturity was delayed by about one week, and rate of egg production was depressed by about 5%. Comparisons of feed conversion, measured as the ratio of egg mass output to total feed consumed over a 15 week test period, demonstrated that the dwarf advantage in feed efficiency was a direct consequence of its reduced body size. When the dwarf cross (D♂ × B♀) was compared with a normal cross (C♂ × D♀), each having about the same body weight, no advantage could be demonstrated for the dwarf gene. For this comparison, the dwarf pullets were 13% heavier (1.7 kg. vs. 1.5 kg.), laid 11% fewer eggs (65% vs. 76%), and produced 12% less egg mass per unit of feed consumed than did normals. Feed conversion ratios of egg mass produced per g. of feed consumed were .38 g. for the dwarfs, and .43 g. for the normals. From this study we conclude that mini-chickens produced by conventional selection would be at least equal to and probably superior to the dwarf mini. However, this would probably require at least 7 generations of selection to be equivalent in size to a dwarf mini-pullet.
Thoreau and the Politics of Ordinary Actions

Many regard Henry David Thoreau as an apolitical or even antipolitical thinker, concerned above all with his personal moral purity, and thus unresponsive and irresponsible towards the society in wh...
Label-free method for cell counting in crude biological samples via paramagnetic bead aggregation.

Under chaotropic conditions, DNA released from lysed cells causes the aggregation of paramagnetic beads in a rotating magnetic field in a manner that is independent of the presence of other cellular components. The extent of aggregation correlates with the mass of DNA in a quantitative manner (Leslie, D. C. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 5689–96), and from this, the number of DNA-containing cells in the sample can be enumerated. Microbial growth testing is demonstrated by monitoring bead aggregation with E. coli in the presence of ampicillin. Without the need for fluorescent labeling or Coulter counting, the white blood cell count can be defined directly from a microliter of crude whole blood. Specificity is brought to the process by coupling bead-based immunocapture with DNA–bead aggregation allowing for the enumeration of CD4+ T cells from human blood samples. The results of DNA-induced bead aggregation had a 95% correlation with those generated by flow cytometry. With the process requiring only i...
Shape Control of Tensegrity Airfoils

This paper develops and applies tensegrity concepts to the design of shape-controllable 2D airfoils. After introducing tensegrity systems and dynamics, a tension-driven shape control strategy is outlined, and a method of generating variable complexity tensegrity airfoils is developed. The described shape control strategy is then applied to the task of transforming a given tensegrity airfoil from some initial shape to a desired final shape. Results show the generation of tensegrity systems that approximate various NACA 4series airfoil profiles, and simulation results demonstrate successful shape control of both symmetric and asymmetric tensegrity airfoils.
Bureaucracy and narrative possibilities in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go

This article examines the use of bureaucratic narrative — that which poses the subject as an administrative subject and emphasizes the depersonalized and routinized repetition of formulaic rhetoric — in Never Let Me Go (2005) and its suggestion that the language of regulation and job requirements pervasively shapes the seeming impossibility of a critical stance towards a system that is patently and determinedly cruel. By reframing Kathy’s and Tommy’s dystopian–bureaucratic narrative as a romance pushing against the boundaries of bureaucracy and by situating the reader as a sympathizing character within the text, the novel makes visible the contours of neoliberal rationalities. I argue that Never Let Me Go illustrates that the bureaucratic state is experienced as an array of narratives that structure interpersonal interactions, not just as a set of material and spatial practices. This means considering bureaucracy as an interpretative frame, not just material apparatuses or structures of management.
Closing a Supplier's Energy Efficiency Gap: The Role of Assessment Assistance and Procurement Commitment

This paper analyzes the Energy Efficiency (EE) investment decisions of a capital-constrained manufacturer that competes with an alternate supplier for the business of a large industrial buyer. Through a series of game theoretic models, we investigate the impact of EE assessment assistance and procurement commitment on the supplier's EE investment level. We find that the buyer's procurement commitment is critical for closing the EE gap at the supplier. Also, third-party assessment assistance is important for unlocking EE improvement when the assessment cost is high. However, when the costs of both the assessment and the competing supplier are moderate, the addition of third-party assistance can be detrimental to EE investment, since it deters the buyer from offering her own instruments. Our findings provide valuable insights for policy makers interested in reducing the EE gap that plagues many supply chains.
Determination of Vitamin A and the isomers of Vitamin E in milk powder by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To identify a simple and effective method for accurate determination of the vitamin A and vitamin E isomers.Methods: The sample was separated on the Carbon-30 column followed by saponification and extraction.The mobile phase consisted of Ethanol,isopropanol and water.The vitamin A was detected at a wavelength of 325 nm,ritamin E at 295 nm.The retinol acetate,α-tocopherol,β-tocopherol,γ-tocopherol,δ-tocopherol were identified and calculated with external standard method.Results: The correlation coefficients were good,the method suggested the high degree of precision,stability and the repeatability,and the standard saponification recoveries and spiked recoveries.Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate,suitable for quantitative analysis of the vitamin A and vitamin E isomers in milk powder.
An Unusual Cause of Dyspnea

Sialadenoma papilliferum is a tumor of salivary gland origin. It is believed that sialadenoma papilliferum is a benign lesion usually known to occur in the hard palate, retromolar fat pads, lips, and parotid glands. Its origin in the bronchial tree is an extremely rare occurrence. We report only the fourth known case of bronchial sialadenoma papilliferum and the first to originate in the trachea. The patient underwent successful resection of the lesion, with complete relief of his dyspnea.
Temperature dependence of crystal nucleation in BaO·2SiO2 and 5BaO·8SiO2 glasses using differential thermal analysis

Abstract A differential thermal analysis (DTA) based method is used to estimate the temperature range for crystal nucleation in BaO·2SiO2 and 5BaO·8SiO2 glasses. For the BaO·2SiO2 glass, the temperature range for significant nucleation is approximately 660 °C to 770 °C, with a maximum rate near 712 °C. These results are in good agreement with those determined from traditional two-step annealing, microscopy-based studies. Having verified the DTA approach with this glass, the method is used to study the 5BaO·8SiO2 composition, for which nucleation data do not exist. The temperature range for significant nucleation is found to be slightly higher than in the BaO·2SiO2 system, approximately 675 °C to 790 °C, with a maximum rate near 725 °C. Measurements of the peak height, peak temperature, and peak area are used to determine the temperature where growth starts to overlap significantly with nucleation. The peak height appears to be the more sensitive indicator for determining this.
LOCUST: a custom sequence locus typer for classifying microbial isolates.

Summary: LOCUST is a custom sequence locus typer tool for classifying microbial genomes. It provides a fully automated opportunity to customize the classification of genome-wide nucleotide variant data most relevant to biological research. Availability and Implementation: Source code, demo data, and detailed documentation are freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/locustyper. Contact: lbrinkac@jcvi.org Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Acid Gas Adsorption on Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets as a Model of an “All-Surface” Material

To establish a model of metal–organic framework (MOF) surfaces and build an understanding of surface-specific ligand adsorption phenomena in MOFs, we present a computational study exploring multiple models of a series of MOF-2 nanosheet materials, “M-BDCs”, with M = Zn, Cu, and Co and BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate. We study and assess the appropriateness of a series of models ranging from small clusters (18 atoms) to fully periodic sheet models. We additionally study the interactions of these models with acid gases and energy-relevant small molecules (CO, CO2, H2O, SO2, NO2, and H2S). We employ computational methods ranging from DFT with various exchange–correlation functionals to perturbative and coupled-cluster methods. For these systems, we present binding energies and enthalpies with the various ligands studied as well as IR frequency shifts for the normal modes of these ligands upon complexation with the open-metal sites of these materials. Our calculations lead to an understanding of phenomena uni...
Survivability of composite repairs of piping subjected to flexural loads

Abstract Destructive flexure testing is conducted on twelve specimens of 6 inch schedule 40 pipe with simulated corrosion flaws. Two damage geometries were considered in this research, an axisymmetric flaw and a narrow patch flaw. Damaged pipe was repaired with an in-situ installed and cured composite. The repaired pipes were subjected to a combined loading of internal pressure and external bending. Specimens with axisymmetric flaws failed by composite fracture and delamination followed by substrate pipe burst. Specimens with patch flaws failed by composite fracture and then local collapse of pipe at load application points and were then hydrostatically tested to failure to determine residual strength of the repair. Composite repairs significantly increased the flexural stiffness of the damaged pipe for axisymmetric flaw, but did not for the patch flaw. Post-flexural, hydrostatic testing indicated that the composite repairs were capable of sustaining significant damage while retaining their ability to support the pressure carrying capability of the pipe.
OLZHAS SULEIMENOV’S LYRICS AS HYPERTEXT: POSSIBILITIES OF INTERPRETATION

The author of article considers the possibilities of hypertext technologies for studying intertextual elements of Olzhas Suleimenov’s lyrics. Initial thought is the statement that the modern Internet has generated new opportunities of Net-thinking. The hypertext as a way of interpretation of literary text allows to reveal not only the features of poetics of this text, but also to consider it in interrelation with poetic traditions of many cultures and times. The author of the paper offers the version of using the hypertext technologies studying units of intertextuality in Olzhas Suleimenov’s poem.
Major prognostic factors for recurrence and survival independent of the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition staging system in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with multimodality therapy.

Background The purpose of this study was to assess changes resulting from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and evaluate pertinent excluded factors. Methods In 101 patients receiving surgery and postoperative radiation, recurrence and survival were estimated by cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier method. Time-to-event analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risks regression models. Results The 2-year locoregional recurrence, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific mortality rates were 25%, 72%, and 13%, respectively. The AJCC eighth edition upstaged T classification in 50% of patients and overall stage in 39%. In multivariate analysis, immunosuppression and in-transit metastasis were associated with locoregional recurrence. Older age and in-transit metastasis were associated with worse OS. In univariate analysis (limited by number of events), cause-specific mortality was associated with positive margin, in-transit metastasis, and the seventh edition dichotomized T classification and overall stage. Conclusion In-transit metastasis was significantly associated with locoregional recurrence, OS, and cause-specific mortality. Efforts should be made to define in-transit metastasis in the staging system.
Space Mobile Network Concepts for Missions Beyond Low Earth Orbit

The Space Mobile Network (SMN) is an architectural framework that will allow for quicker, more efficient and more easily available space communications services, providing user spacecraft with an experience similar to that of terrestrial mobile network users. While previous papers have described SMN concept using examples of users in low-Earth orbit, the framework can also be applied beyond the near-Earth environment.This paper details how SMN concepts such as user-initiated services, which will enable users to request access to high-performance link resources in response to real-time science or operational events, would be applied in and beyond the near-Earth regime. Specifically, the paper explores the application of user-initiated services to direct-to-Earth (DTE), relay, and DTE/relay hybrid scenarios in near-Earth, lunar, martian and other space regimes.
Does Athletic Participation Signal Employability?: An Experimental Analysis of Male and Female Athlete Job Applicants

College athletes face high expectations to compete on the field and in the classroom. However, the time demands associated with athletics and academics often limit their ability to engage in traditional college experiences. Internships or practical job trainings are one such opportunity unfortunately forgone due to the time constraints of the contemporary college athlete experience. This results in an issue when applying for jobs outside of sport, as direct internship experience positively impacts an individual’s likelihood to be hired into an entry-level position. Through the application of signaling theory, the current study explored the perceived value of intercollegiate athletic participation compared to and in addition to direct internship experience via four resume evaluation experiments. Two hundred and thirty five individuals with hiring experience participated; results suggested athletic participation was perceived as at least equally favorable to direct internship experience. However, male athletes without direct internship experience were more likely to receive an interview and received higher unobserved attribute ratings than female athletes with the exact same credentials.
Surveillance for Heartland and Bourbon Viruses in Eastern Kansas, June 2016

In June 2016, we continued surveillance for tick-borne viruses in eastern Kansas following upon a larger surveillance program initiated in 2015 in response to a fatal human case of Bourbon virus (BRBV) (Family Orthomyxoviridae: Genus Thogotovirus). In 4 d, we collected 14,193 ticks representing four species from four sites. Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) accounted for nearly all ticks collected (n = 14,116, 99.5%), and the only other species identified were Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae), Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). All ticks were tested for both BRBV and Heartland virus (Family Bunyaviridae: Genus Phlebovirus) in 964 pools. Five Heartland virus positive tick pools were detected and confirmed by real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR), while all pools tested negative for BRBV. Each Heartland positive pool was composed of 25 A. americanum nymphs with positive pools collected at three different sites in Bourbon County. A. americanum is believed to be the primary vector of both Heartland and BRBVs to humans based upon multiple detections of virus in field-collected ticks, its abundance, and its aggressive feeding behavior on mammals including humans. However, it is possible that A. americanum encounters viremic vertebrate hosts of BRBV less frequently than viremic hosts of Heartland virus, or that BRBV is less efficiently passed among ticks by co-feeding, or less efficiently passed vertically from infected female ticks to their offspring resulting in lower field infection rates.
The Mechanism of Unilateral Post-Obstructive Diuresis

AbstractWe report 2 cases of a pathological urinary water loss of clinical relevance after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction following pyeloplasty. The mechanism of this unilateral post-obstructive diuresis is based on the combination of preservation of glomerular filtration rate of the obstructed kidney and distal tubular damage.
Hyperglycemia and infections in pediatric trauma patients.

Hyperglycemia has been associated with poor outcome in children with head injuries and burns. However, there has not been a correlation noted between hyperglycemia and infections in severely injure...
Angiogenesis--the interdisciplinary challenge.

One day in the 1970’s, in a conversation with James Wei, then Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Delaware (we were both immersed in fundamentals of chemical systems), my attention was drawn to revelations by Judah Folkman and associates [1]: A speck of tumor tissue implanted in a cornea would be dormant for 7 days, then initiate neovascularization from the limbus. Tumor growth would commence when the capillaries reached the implant. This, of course, was a key demonstration of the link of tumor growth to angiogenesis. Interestingly, the same speck implanted in the anterior chamber at the same distance from the limbus would leave the implant dormant.
Wireless and Radio Electronics Social Networks

The seeds of wireless telegraphy grew out of the network surrounding the magnetic-mechanical telegraph. In addition to Marconi, Deforest and Armstrong, there was a complex set of up to fifty players spanning the work of Maxwell (1865) to the early days of radio and RCA’s David Sarnoff in the 1920s. This technology network has links to modern Chaos Theory in the late twentieth century [Chap. 6]
Net Nutrition And The Transition From 19Th Century Bound To Free-Labor: Assessing Dietary Change With Differences-In-Decompositions

Average stature reflects cumulative net nutrition and health during economic development. This study introduces a difference-in-decompositions approach to show that although 19th century African-American cumulative net nutrition was comparable to working class whites, it was made worse-off with the transition to free-labor. Average stature reflects net nutrition over the life-course, and adult blacks born under bound-labor had greater age related statures loss than blacks under free-labor. Agricultural worker's net nutrition was better than workers in other occupations and was better-off under free-labor and industrialization. Within-group stature variation was greater than across-group variation, and white within-group stature variation associated with socioeconomic status was greater than African-Americans.
Increasing Play Complexity in a Young Child with Autism.

Young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate fewer and less varied play behaviors than children with typical development. This article describes two studies designed to increase t...
Body mass index trajectories during the first year of life and their determining factors

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in the first year of life and their determining factors. Methods We used data from the Infant Feeding Practices Survey II restricted to children with 2 or more time points of BMI data during follow-up visits within the first year of life (n = 2320). Latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct BMI trajectories. Using multinomial logistic regression, we examined the prenatal and early life determinants of the identified trajectories. Results Three BMI trajectories were identified during the first year of life: "low-stable" (81.6%), "high-stable" (15.6%), and "rising" (2.8%) trajectories. Boys, preterm infants, infants born to overweight mothers, Hispanic mothers, non-Hispanic Black mothers, and mothers who smoked during pregnancy were significantly more likely to have high-stable versus low-stable trajectories. Infants born to non-Hispanic Black mothers were more likely to have a rising versus a low-stable trajectory. Household income ≥350% of the federal poverty level and full adherence to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics for both breastfeeding exclusivity and duration reduced the likelihood of infants being in the rising versus the low-stable trajectory. Conclusion Distinct BMI trajectories were evident as early as infancy. The predictors of these trajectories offer information about high-risk groups, and important and preventable prenatal and postnatal risk factors for future intervention programs.
Anterior/Anterolateral Thoracic Access and Stabilization from Posterior Approach: Transpedicular, Costotransversectomy, Lateral Extracavitary Approaches: Standard Intralesional Resection

With the introduction of new techniques and hardware, surgical approaches to the anterior thoracic spine have evolved over the past decades to lower morbidity, improve fusion, and balance quality of life outcomes. With advances in adjuvant therapies, the surgical treatment of spinal metastases remains palliative where the goals are decompression, stabilization, diagnosis, and local tumor control. The primary indications for surgery are to decompress severe canal stenosis for radioresistant tumors and to address mechanical instability.
How the Church Frames AIDS

In this chapter I explore the link between religion and AIDS and analyse the influence of the church in shaping the views of the Malawian elite. I demonstrate through my interviews how the attendance of Malawian elites at church has influenced the way they think about AIDS, cultural practices and rural people. I provide the religious context in Malawi. I explore how religious elites perceive cultural practices as negative and backward, positioned against their Christian beliefs they perceive as enlightened. They perceive cultural practices as harmful because they are practiced primarily, perhaps only, in the rural areas by uneducated backward farmers—those who practice them are not modern. Regardless of how the focus on cultural practices deemed to be harmful, it is interesting how the religious elites volunteer information on sexual cultural practices and enjoy talking about them. By referring to the sexual cultural practices at length they distance themselves from the villagers who supposedly carry out these practices and conveniently apportion blame for HIV/AIDS away from them.
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder: Another name for the Broad Autism Phenotype?:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (5th ed.) Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder is meant to capture the social elements of communication dysfunction in children who d...
Health Service Delivery and Political Trust in Nigeria

Abstract Do improvements in health service delivery affect trust in political leaders in Africa? Citizens expect their government to provide social services. Intuitively, improvements in service delivery should lead to higher levels of trust in and support for political leaders. However, in contexts where inadequate services are the norm, and where political support is linked to ethnic or religious affiliation, there may be weak linkages between improvements in service delivery and changes in trust in political leaders. To examine this question empirically, we take advantage of a national intervention that improved health service delivery in 500 primary health care facilities in Nigeria, to estimate the impact of residence within 10 km of one or more of the intervention facilities on trust in the president, local councils, the ruling party, and opposition parties. Using difference-in-difference models, we show that proximity to the intervention led to increases in trust in the president and the ruling party. By contrast, we find no evidence of increased trust in the local council or opposition parties. Our study also examines the role of ethnicity and religious affiliation in mediating the observed increases in trust in the president. While there is a large literature suggesting that both the targeting of interventions, and the response of citizens to interventions is often mediated by ethnic, geographic or religious identity, by contrast, we find no evidence that the intervention was targeted at the president's ethnic group, zone, or state of origin. Moreover, there is suggestive evidence that the intervention increased trust in the president more among those who did not share these markers of identity with the president. This highlights the possibility that broad-based efforts to improve health services can increase trust in political leaders even in settings where political attitudes are often thought to be mediated by group identity.
Bayesian inference of differentially expressed transcripts and their abundance from multi-condition RNA-seq data

Abstract Deep sequencing of bulk RNA enables the differential expression analysis at transcript level. We develop a Bayesian approach to directly identify differentially expressed transcripts from RNA-seq data, which features a novel joint model of the sample variability and the differential state of individual transcripts. For each transcript, to minimize the inaccuracy of differential state caused by transcription abundance estimation, we estimate its expression abundance together with the differential state iteratively and enable the differential analysis of weakly expressed transcripts. Simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach has a superior performance over conventional methods (estimating transcription expression first and then identifying differential state), particularly for lowly expressed transcripts. We further apply the proposed approach to a breast cancer RNA-seq data of patients treated by tamoxifen and identified a set of differentially expressed transcripts, providing insights into key signaling pathways associated with breast cancer recurrence.
Prospective Predictors of Sexual Revictimization Among College Students.

This study examined the prevalence rates of sexual violence revictimization during each year of college. In addition, the impact of key mental health concerns on these rates was investigated. Incom...
Differences in negative predictive value of prostate MRI based in men with suspected or known cancer

Author(s): Baghdanian, Armonde A; Kim, Yoon-Jin; Baghdanian, Arthur H; Nguyen, Hao N; Shinohara, Katsuto; Westphalen, Antonio C | Abstract: Objective:To compare the negative predictive value (NPV) of multiparametric MRI for Gleason score (GS) ≥ 3+4 cancer and evaluate predictors of these tumors in men with suspected disease and under active surveillance (AS). Materials and Methods:This retrospective study included 38 men with suspected prostate cancer and 38 under AS with scans assigned PI-RADS v2 scores 1 or 2 between May 2016 and September 2017. Biopsy results were no cancer, GS = 3+3, or GS ≥ 3+4. Pre-MRI PSA, gland volume, and PSA density were recorded. Chi-square, equality of proportions, and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results:Intermediate to high-grade cancer was found in 12.8% (95% CI = 2.3-23.3) and 35.9% (95% CI = 20.8-50.9) of men with suspected cancer, and under AS (p = 0.02), respectively. The NPV for GS ≥ 3+4 were 87.2% (suspected cancer; 76.7-97.7) and 64.1% (AS; 49.0-79.2). In neither group PSA significantly predicted cancer grade (p = 0.75 and 0.63). Although it did not reach conventional statistical significance, PSA density was a good predictor of cancer grade in men with suspected disease (p = 0.06), but not under AS (p = 0.62). Conclusion:The NPV of multiparametric MRI for GS ≥ 3+4 is higher in men with suspected prostate cancer than in men under AS. PSA density ≤ 0.15 improved the prediction of intermediate to high-grade disease in patients without known cancer.
KLF1 Modulates Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) Gene Transcription in a Context-Specific Manner

Abstract Abstract 2094 Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) is a zinc finger-encoding transcription factor that recognizes CACC elements, and is essential for maximal erythroid-specific gene transcription. Several critical mechanisms dependent on KLF1 and required for gene activation have been elucidated, predominantly using the beta-globin locus. KLF1 has been associated with the ordered recruitment of SWI/SNF and RNA polymerase-II complexes, necessary for chromatin remodeling and gene transcription respectively. KLF1 has also been reported to influence erythroid-specific heme biosynthesis. Studies in KLF1-null fetal erythroblasts and a KLF-1 deficient cell line have demonstrated that mRNA levels of the first three enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway are underrepresented. However, although in vitro studies of the rate-limiting enzymes ALAS2 and PBGD suggested a potential regulatory role for KLF1, in vivo studies failed to validate these findings. ALAD is the second enzyme of the pathway. Complete loss of ALAD expression in erythroid cells results in catastrophic events during zebrafish ontogeny. Interestingly, no human erythropoietic defect has been reported as a consequence of aberrant ALAD expression. To extend the analysis of KLF1’s regulation of heme biosynthesis, we evaluated KLF1 binding of enzyme regulatory sequences by EMSA and ChIP studies, identifying a KLF1 binding CACC element in the erythroid-specific ALAD promoter. This regulatory element was transactivated specifically by a KLF1 transgene in KLF1-deficient cells. Using a unique 4-OH-Tamoxifen (4-OHT) mediated KLF1-inducible erythroid cell line (K1-ERp), we identified KLF1 as an essential, and early (within 2 hours of induction) activator of transcription of the endogenous ALAD, but not ALAS2 or PBGD genes. Further studies in K1-ERp cells, including DNAseI hypersensitivity and ChIP assays revealed that KLF1 occupancy at the erythroid-specific ALAD promoter triggers a series of molecular events including histone modifications, and enhanced recruitment of the sequence-specific transcription factors, GATA-1, NF-E2 and the TAL-1/SCL multiprotein complex. Importantly, we identified differences in the kinetics of recruitment of the closely related histone acetyltransferases proteins CBP and p300 and the SWI/SNF ATPase Brg1. The latter complex was recruited subsequent to KLF1 binding, although the ALAD promoter was already DNAseI hypersensitive. These results suggest strongly that KLF1 plays a major role in the regulation of heme biosynthesis in erythroid cells. Furthermore, our data challenges a model in which an identical temporal cascade of molecular events are required for transcription at KLF1-dependent promoters. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Abstract B46: The long noncoding RNA INCA1 is a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression in tumors

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression both in physiologic and pathologic conditions. Although the role of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis is now emerging, their function in cancer-mediated immunosuppression remains unexplored. We have identified the interferon-γ (IFNγ)-stimulated noncoding RNA 1 (INCA1) as a novel lncRNA expressed from the PD-L1 locus and showed that INCA1 is a key regulator of PD-L1 expression. Silencing INCA1 decreased PD-L1 expression both at basal level and in response to IFNγ stimulation in multiple tumor types. INCA1 knockdown sensitized tumor cells to cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing. Moreover, tumors with silenced INCA1 showed increased CAR T trafficking and activity in vivo. These findings provide novel insights into the biology of PD-L1 regulation and tumor immune evasion. INCA1 is thus a new target for cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Marco Mineo, Shawn M. Lyons, Ruben Ferrer-Luna, Hirotaka Ito, Niklas von Spreckelsen, Quazim A. Alayo, Jasneet K. Khalsa, Khalid Shah, Keith L. Ligon, Rameen Beroukhim, Pavel Ivanov, Paul J. Anderson, Hiroshi Nakashima, Sean E. Lawler, E. Antonio Chiocca. The long noncoding RNA INCA1 is a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression in tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B46.
Men and Machines: The Psychological Impact of Gunboats on the Fort Henry and Donelson Campaign

During the course of the American Civil War, 1861-1865, ironclad warships developed a fearful reputation as powerful commanders of the Mississippi River. With the ability to pierce deep into the heart of the South, destroy Confederate property, and pull out with amazing speed compared to land assaults, the early Western Flotilla became the symbol of Northern industrial invincibility, boosting Northern morale and seriously damaging Southern psyches. However, an analysis of the Fort Henry/Fort Donelson Campaign of 1862 reveals a different story than the one that went into legend. Using the official records of the Union and Confederate armies and navies, this study traces the psychological impact of the Western Flotilla ironclads and their journey into legend.
A Spectrum-Efficient Data Modulation Scheme for Internet-of-Things Applications

With the proliferation of wireless sensor networks, the high-density of sensing data is imposing a significant challenge on spectrum management to share the existing bandwidth. In this paper, a spectrum efficient data encoding scheme is proposed using a set of analog orthogonal modified Hermite pulses. The novelty of this approach is to use an analog pulse-sequence based data encoding scheme, that reduces multi-user interference and supports more data by sharing the same network bandwidth. The serial-parallel data transmission techniques are proposed using a set of distinct pulse sequences instead of a single pulse. The analog pulse set generation and the pulse encoding scheme is analyzed through MATLAB simulation package. Simulation results show that the proposed data encoding scheme will provide 6-times improvement in data rate for 4 distinct orthogonal pulses. The proposed scheme will be a promising feature for high density larger array sensor signal monitoring in a wireless sensor network.
Peptide- and Protein-Graphene Oxide Conjugate Materials for Controlling Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate

Stem cells hold great potential in tissue engineering due to their prolonged self-renewal and ability to differentiate into a variety of cell lines. Leveraging stem cells in regenerative healing requires the ability to support stem cell vitality, localize and retain the stem cells at the site where they are needed, and control their differentiation into specified cell types. To address these needs, graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional nanocarbon material, has been widely investigated due to its unique structural characteristics that interface with biomolecules and impart cytocompatibility. To expand on the utility of GO in tissue engineering applications, researchers have incorporated GO with peptides and proteins to provide an additional level of control over stem cell fate. This review focuses on how peptide- and protein-GO conjugates are utilized for stem cell instruction, growth, delivery, and retention in the following ways: GO as a delivery vehicle for stem cell-inducing proteins; peptide- and protein-GO conjugates as two- or three-dimensional cell scaffolds; and GO as an additive in peptide- and protein-based hydrogels. These technologies highlight the value that peptide- and protein-GO conjugates possess in addressing the challenges associated with stem cell therapies. Future directions for the continued research of peptide- and protein-GO conjugates are projected as we look to further advance the field of regenerative tissue engineering using these powerful hybrid materials. Stem cell therapies can be used to replace or rebuild damaged tissue through natural healing pathways. However, using stem cells in tissue engineering requires novel technologies that control stem cell fate. Hybrid materials comprised of graphene oxide (GO) and proteins represent a promising new technology with the ability to interface with stem cells. In these systems, the GO acts as a scaffold for cell growth and supports the protein which, in turn, supplies the appropriate chemical cues to direct stem cell fate toward regenerative healing.
Large rewritable liquid crystal pretilt angle by in situ photoalignment of brilliant yellow films

The ability to control the alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) is a challenge that is near-universal in LC research and applications. While several practical solutions exist for controlling the azimuthal (in-plane) alignment of LCs at an interface, control over the polar, or pretilt angle of the LC often requires a combination of materials or expensive and intricate processing. Here, we introduce a method for exerting control over large pretilt angles utilizing a two-step exposure method applied to Brilliant Yellow (BY) photoalignment films. We demonstrate that BY photoalignment films have the unique ability to enforce a large range of pretilt angles spanning homeotropic (90°) and planar (0°) anchoring conditions at the LC-substrate interface. The alignment is stable over time, rewritable, and patternable. Ultimately the control established here provides a powerful and low-cost means to align and take full advantage of the anisotropic and electro-optic properties of LCs for a wide range of applications.
Manipulating Causal Uncertainty in Sound Objects

Causal uncertainty – how sure we are in what produced a sound that we are listening to – is a fundamental aspect of auditory cognition. It is known to be a driver of affect perception, attention, and memory, among other processes. Here, we present an optimization pipeline that systematically manipulates a sound object’s intrinsic causal uncertainty by applying a set of acoustic transforms, such as scaling a sound’s pitch, amplitude, playback speed, etc. The optimization estimator attempts to produce parameter values for these transforms that modify a sound’s causal uncertainty (Hcu), as measured by the prediction confidence of an audio classification neural network, while minimizing changes to the resulting prediction labels and transform magnitudes. We then conduct a listening test with N=20 participants to confirm that the causal uncertainty changes resulting from our proposed procedure align with human perception. Though a simple approach, this work demonstrates a first step towards generative audio systems that operate along cognitive dimensions, with powerful implications for user experience design.
Outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma harboring chromosome 1q gain/amplification in the era of modern therapy.

Chromosome 1q gain/amplification (1q +) has been reported to be associated with inferior outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Big therapeutic advances have shifted the treatment landscape by introducing monoclonal antibodies. There is a relative lack of data on outcomes in patients harboring this alteration in the era of monoclonal antibodies. Baseline characteristics and therapy-related data from newly diagnosed MM patients harboring 1q + detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were collected in a single institution. Among 34 identified subjects, the presence of elevated LDH was found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS), and increased bone marrow plasma cell percentage (≥ 60%) was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS). 1q + copy number more than three was associated with both shorter OS and PFS. Additionally, the administration of lenalidomide was associated with superior OS. The use of autologous stem cell transplantation, bortezomib, or daratumumab, was found to have no prognostic benefits in our sample. Lenalidomide may be an optimal therapeutic choice for this population, and future larger studies are warranted to confirm this benefit and further investigate the role of monoclonal antibodies in this subpopulation.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Soft Clay Stabilized with Granular Material

Over-excavation and replacement are the most commonly used ground modification techniques for shallow foundations. In soft soils, however, the extent of replacement by relatively larger (up to 19 mm) granular material was unknown. A total of 97 tests, consisting of 10 small and 87 numerical model tests, were carried out on two types of foundations, namely strip, and square. The width W and the depth of the replaced zone H were varied in each test and the ultimate bearing capacity qu was calculated. The experimental and numerical analyses were compared by computing qu from two methods (tangent intersection method (TIM) and 0.1B method). The improvement in qu was plotted as the dimensionless factor bearing capacity ratio (BCR) vs. depth ratio H/B for each foundation. A significant increase in BCR was observed from H/B of 1.5 to 4 for strip foundation and 2.5 to 3 for a square foundation. There was an insignificant increase in BCR after H/B of 4 and 3 for strip and square foundations, respectively. The width of the replacement was recommended as 2B for square foundations, while no value was suggested for strip foundation owing to a steady increase in the BCR. In addition, it has been observed that the depth of replacement is a major component in improving the bearing capacity compared to the width of replacement.