cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereoselectivity and structural determinants in molecular recognition by the ACC transport system in isolated maize mesophyll vacuoles

The ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), is actively transported across the tonoplast of plant cells, impacting cellular compartmentation of ACC and ethylene biosynthesis. In the present study, the effects of ACC and amino acid analogs on ACC uptake into isolated maize (Zea mays L. cv. Golden Cross Bantam) mesophyll vacuoles were investigated to identify the stereospecific and structural features that are important in molecular recognition by the ACC transport system. Of the four stereoisomers of l-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (AEC), (1S, 2R)-(–)-AEC having a configuration corresponding to an L-amino acid was the preferred substrate for the ACC transport system, competitively inhibiting ACC transport with a Ki of 18 μM. Of 11 neutral amino acid stereoisomers, L-isomers were stronger inhibitors of ACC transport than corresponding D-isomers. Neutral L-amino acids with nonpolar side chains generally were more inhibitory than those with polar side chains, whereas several cationic and anionic L-amino acids were ineffective antagonists of ACC transport. These observations suggest that the ACC transport system is stereospecific for relatively nonpolar, neutral L-amino acids. This conclusion was supported by the observation that group additions, substitutions, or deletions at the carboxyl. α-amino and the Pro- (R) methylene or hydrogen moieties (analogous to D-amino acids) of ACC and other neutral amino acids and analogs essentially eliminated transport inhibition. In contrast, L-amino acid analogs with variable substitutions at the distal end of the molecule remained antagonists. The relative activity of analogs was influenced by the length and degree of unsaturation of the side chain and by the location of side chain branching. Increasing the ring size of ACC analogs reduced antagonism whereas incorporating the α-amino group into the ring structure as an L-amino acid increased antagonism. The kinetics of L-methoxyvinylglycine, L-methionine. p-nitro-L-phenylalanine and 1-aminocyclobutane-l-carboxylic acid were competitive with Ki values of 3, 13, 16 and 19 μM, respectively. These results indicate that the ACC transport system can be classifie as a neutral L-amino acid carrier having a relatively high affinity for ACC and other nonpolar amino acids. The results also suggest that the carrier interacts with the carboxyl, α-amino and Pro-(R) groups and with other less restricted side chain substituents of substrate amino acids.
Merleau–Ponty on the Body

The French philosopher Maurice Merleau–Ponty claims that there are two distinct ways in which we can understand the place of an object when we are visually apprehending it. The first involves an intentional relation to the object that is essentially cognitive or can serve as the input to cognitive processes; the second irreducibly involves a bodily set or preparation to deal with the object. Because of its essential bodily component, Merleau–Ponty calls this second kind of understanding ‘motor intentional’. In this paper I consider some phenomenological, conceptual, and cognitive neuro–scientific results that help to elucidate and defend the distinction between intentional and motor intentional activity. I go on to argue that motor intentional activity has a logical structure that is essentially distinct from that of the more canonical kinds of intentional states. In particular, the characteristic logical distinction between the content and the attitude of an intentional state does not carry over to the motor intentional case.
Power System Harmonics Effects from Adjustable-Speed Drives

Some of the effects of harmonics on power systems are reviewed and how ac and dc adjustable-speed drives affect these harmonics. An example is given where troubles existed, how they were corrected, and the results of the corrections.
Exploring the geo-dependence of human face appearance

The expected appearance of a human face depends strongly on age, ethnicity and gender. While these relationships are well-studied, our work explores the little-studied dependence of facial appearance on geographic location. To support this effort, we constructed GeoFaces, a large dataset of geotagged face images. We examine the geo-dependence of Eigenfaces and use two supervised methods for extracting geo-informative features. The first, canonical correlation analysis, is used to find location-dependent component images as well as the spatial direction of most significant face appearance change. The second, linear discriminant analysis, is used to find countries with relatively homogeneous, yet distinctive, facial appearance.
Preparation and reaction chemistry of (η indenyl) iron alkyl complexes

Abstract The four methyl and acetyl complexes In(CO)(L)FeR (L = CO, PPH3; R = CH3, COCH3) have been synthesized and characterized as η5-indenyl (In) complexes. These were prepared in an attempt at using the indenyl ligand to generate a vacant coordination site, through its η5/η3 tautomerization, and hence promote hydrogenation of the methyl or acetyl ligand. These complexes, however, remain inert towards H2 under generally mild conditions: to 50 °C/1200 psig H2 in 1,2-dichloroethane solution. When the temperature is raised to 100 °C these complexes degrade, with no evidence for acetaldehyde/ethanol production.
Variation in bone length and limb proportions in the coot (Fulica americana)

Analysis of measurements of the trunk region of the vertebral column and of the various segments of the wing and leg skeleton in sixty-four specimens (thirty-four males, thirty females) of Fulica americana shows that: The males average about 7% larger (longer) than females in all parts of the skeleton; the difference is uniform throughout the body. The coefficient of variability ranges from about 3.00 (humerus, et al.) to about 5.00 (hind toe). The correlation between lengths of parts is very high between different segments of the wing skeleton, or of the leg; it is somewhat less between homologous segments of the wing and leg; and it is still less between limbs and trunk. This decreasing order of correlation indicates an increasing order of independence of variability. The wing proportions in Fulica are those characteristic of the type of flight called flatterflug. The proportions of the leg are those of a bird moderately adapted for cursorial locomotion; the very long toes characterize a swimming bird.
Bivariate relative city price convergence in the United States: 1918–1997☆

Abstract As in international tests of purchasing power parity, panel unit root tests have been successful in rejecting a unit root process in U.S. city relative prices over the period 1918–1997. However, there is an empirical question of what the rejection of a ‘panel unit root’, particularly with respect to real exchange rates, means. This paper employs a variety of univariate unit root and cointegration tests which have recently come to the fore. These tests improve the power and reduce size distortion found in standard unit root and cointegration tests such as the Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron tests. I find considerable evidence for rejecting a unit root process in the majority of U.S. city relative prices over the entire sample period and two subperiods. Less successful are stationarity tests conducted on regions of the U.S.
Infrared spectra of naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride

Abstract Infrared spectra of naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride are presented together with peak frequencies. The spectra were recorded from single-crystal specimens of the highly pure diacid and anhydride using an infrared microscope. On the basis of these data a previously published infrared spectrum attributed to naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid has been shown to be due in part to the anhydride.
Favorability for Cornwall-type magnetite deposits in Pennsylvania using geological, geochemical and geophysical data in a discriminant function

Abstract Up to 18 geological, geochemical and geophysical variables are combined in discriminant functions to evaluate the favorability of the Triassic province in Pennsylvania for Cornwall-type magnetite deposits. Variables include regional stream sediment data, percentages of various rock types in the drainage, aeromagnetic data, and estimates of the thickness of diabase sheets and extent of diabase-carbonate contacts. Both a simple discriminant function and a stepwise discriminant method give similar patterns of favorable areas, as does analysis of factor scores after an R-mode factor analysis. Results are slightly improved by correcting chemical data for variable background. Despite its semi-quantitative nature, the extent of diabase-carbonate contacts is found to be the most important variable, followed by magnetic intensity, thickness of diabase, and one or more chemical parameters. In addition to the known areas of mines and prospects, additional favorable areas near Boyertown and Gettysburg are recognized from the discriminant treatment.
MOTT'S LIKE BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS

New model of Long Range Electron Transfer has been suggested to evaluate an electron transfer rate in some structures like proteins. Mott's like behavior has been obtained. It is possible that this description might yield better estimation for an electron rate than one which has been accepted in this field. This phenomenon may bridge proteins and doped semiconductors as far as their conductivity is concerned. Both Franck-Condon factor as well as an electron contribution have been optimized at the same footing. Fit with experimental data is considered to be reasonable. Fractal considerations allow one to account for intervening medium.
Amelioration by nitroglycerin of left ventricular ischemia induced by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: assessment by hemodynamic variables and left ventriculography.

Increasingly longer balloon inflation times during coronary angioplasty can create significant left ventricular ischemia, amelioration of which was attempted in this study using nitroglycerin. Hemodynamic variables were assessed during inflation of an angioplasty balloon in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of 10 patients. Regional wall motion was assessed by left ventriculography during a separate balloon inflation. Nitroglycerin (200 µg) was then administered intravenously, and hemodynamic and ventriculographic assessments during balloon inflations were repeated. Balloon inflation resulted in a marked increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (from 9.2 ± 2.1 to 19.4 ± 2.9 mm Hg) and time constant of left ventricular relaxation (from 44.2 ± 6.2 to 62.3 ± 11.3 ms) and a decrease in distal coronary artery perfusion pressure (from 54 ± 9 to 33.1 ± 4 mm Hg). Time to onset of angina was 29 ± 3 seconds and time to ST segment depression of 1 mm or greater was 30 ± 3 seconds. Regional wall motion analysis 30 seconds after onset of balloon inflation revealed marked hypokinesia and akinesia in the anteroapical segments with graduated depression of inferior wall motion, greatest at the apex. After the administration of nitroglycerin, balloon inflation resulted in a smaller increase in end-diastolic pressure (from 5.0 ± 2.7 to 8.3 ± 2.6 mm Hg) and time constant (from 47.9 ± 4.7 to 54.4 ± 9.2 ms; both p
Influence of Nursing on the Release of Prolactin and GH in Mice with High and Low Incidence of Mammary Tumors

The present experiments were designed to compare the release of prolactin (PRL) and GH in response to nursing in a mammary tumor susceptible (C3H/St) and a tumor-resistant strain (C57BL/St) of mice using radioimmunoassay techniques. In addition, the influence of nursing on GH release in the rat was also investigated. Prolactin was released in great quantities in mice of both strains, with the concentration in serum rising by 5-10-fold after 30 min of nursing.However, serum PRL concentrations after nursing were generally lower in C3H/St mice than C57BL/St mice, even though the former depleted significantly more (∼40%) PRL from the pituitary gland in 1 hr of nursingthan the latter. The data suggest greater PRL metabolism by C3H/St than C57BL/St mice. Ergot compounds successfully blocked nursinginduced PRL release in mice of both strains. In contrast to PRL, the concentration of GH in serum usually decreased or remained unchanged alter nursing in mice of both strains and in rats. It made no difference whethe...
Cytotoxicity and chromosome aberrations in vitro: experience in industry and the case for an upper limit on toxicity in the aberration assay.

The chromosome aberration assay in vitro is a useful and sensitive test for detection of genotoxins. However, aberrations can occur secondary to toxicity, with compounds that do not react with DNA and are not genotoxic in vivo. Thus, some positive results in the in vitro aberration assay are not relevant to human risk. To help evaluate the influence of toxicity, data were collected from 27 pharmaceutical and chemical companies and contract laboratories. When cytotoxicity was measured by cell counts or confluence, compounds expected to damage DNA (Category 1) generally induced aberrations without severe concomitant cytotoxicity, i.e., at cell growth 60% or more of control. The more toxic nucleoside analogues, topoisomerase inhibitors, fluoroquinolone antibiotics, antifolates, and producers of reactive oxygen were still positive with cell growth 50% or more of control. In contrast, when there was evidence that the compounds were not DNA damaging (Category 2), there was a higher proportion of toxicity-associated clastogens, with positive results at less than 50% of control cell growth. When mitotic index (MI) was used as an indicator of cytotoxicity, the pattern was less clear, although there was a tendency to more mitotic suppression with the Category 2 compounds. Overall the data indicate that a limit on toxicity, and a more accurate way of estimating it, would increase the accuracy of the assay by reducing the frequency of nonrelevant positive results with a threshold-type of dose relation. The rationale for evaluating positive results in the in vitro aberration assay, especially those associated with toxicity, is discussed, as is the need for a harmonized regulatory approach.
Lyotropic phase behavior of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine species: relevance to the mechanism of plasma membrane destabilization and freezing injury

Abstract The phase behavior and hydration characteristics of phosphatidylcholine (PC) species having one or two unsaturated acyl chains (i.e., 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-, dilinoleoyl-, and dilinolenoylphosphatidylcholine) were characterized. Using differential scanning calorimetry, it was determined that the phase transition temperatures (Tm values) of these PC species increased by 30–40 C° over the range of water contents between 20 wt% and 5 wt%. To determine the relevance of dehydration-induced phase transitions to membrane destabilization during freezing, the hydration characteristics of PC species were investigated by constructing desorption isotherms. For all the species, the water content decreased from an average 17 wt% to 4 wt% water over the range of water potentials from −16 MPa to −160 MPa. The results of these and related studies of mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC and dilinoleoyl-PC indicate that under the conditions of temperature and dehydration encountered during freezing and which result in membrane destabilization, unsaturated species of PC would be expected to remain in the liquid-crystalline phase.
Electrophysiological maturation of the pyramidal tract in the post-natal rabbit.

Abstract 1. 1. The medullary pyramidal tract of rabbits ranging in age from newborn to adult was stimulated electrically, and the evoked cortical and pyramidal unit responses investigated. 2. 2. The cortical evoked response in the adult consisted of an early positive wave of two components (waves 1 and 2), followed by a negative wave (wave 3). These waves were followed by larger variable waves. 3. 3. Laminar analysis data and the discharge distribution of antidromically activated units indicated that the early positive wave is an intra-cortical event reflecting antidromic invasion of pyramidal cell bodies. Wave 3 was considered to originate in the apical dendrites, and to be partially antidromic in origin, and partially the result of post-synaptic potentials. 4. 4. The cortical evoked response in the newborn rabbit was similar in configuration to that of the adult, but the latency was greatly prolonged, not reaching adult values until animals were 30 days old. The amplitude variability of wave 3 observed in the adult with repetitive stimulation was not present in newborns. 5. 5. Pyramidal units could be activated antidromically in the newborn animals, but no spontaneous firing was seen, and no unit responses to peripheral stimulation could be elicited. Spontaneous cortical units were seen after 3 days of age, but units responding synaptically to stimulation of the pyramid were not seen until 10 days. 6. 6. The ability of responses to follow rapid stimulation was considerably less in the immature animal than in the adult. Pyramidal units in the newborn failed to follow stimulation rates in excess of 50/sec. Immature spikes showed decrease of amplitude with rapid stimulation, and frequent fracturing of the spike. 7. 7. The data suggest that pyramidal tract cells in the newborn animal are excitable, functionally isolated from sensory input, and display different membrane characteristics and greater disparity in the threshold of the individual portions of the membrane than the adult.
Consumer's socio-demographic characteristics and satisfaction with services in the airline industry.

ABSTRACT In view of its importance in successful marketing, understanding what determines customer satisfaction and knowing what variables and/or factors relate to it is an on-going preoccupation of researchers and practitioners alike. What is investigated in this paper is whether demographic variables influence customer satisfaction with services in the airline industry the way they influence several other aspects of consumer behavior. Findings of the empirical research that was carried out revealed that, while age and household income had no apparent influence on satisfaction, gender, occupation, education, and marital status tend to exert significant influence on customer satisfaction with airline services. Managerial implications of this result are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
Time consistent commitments of intermediate duration

Abstract This note characterizes time consistent policy in a linear/quadratic model when commitments of finite (but perhaps long) duration are possible. Dynamics are shown to be governed by a mixed difference/differential equation system of constant coefficients which blends features of the optimal and no-commitment solutions.
Remarks on Graduate Education in the Management Sciences

Remarks on graduate education in management sciences reflecting opinions at the Carnegie-Mellon University.
Hot-wire CVD of Ge nanoparticles on Si-etched silicon dioxide

Abstract Germanium nanoparticles are grown on SiO 2 by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of GeH 4 . Etching of the silica surface by low doses of SiH x ( x =1, 2, 3) prior to Ge deposition is found to increase the nanoparticle density by up to an order of magnitude. This result is attributed to the creation of defects during the etching reaction in proportion to the SiH x flux that serve as nucleation sites for Ge particles. Mean particle sizes of ∼5 nm and areal densities over 1×10 12 cm −2 are obtained using these techniques.
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of a rapidly activatable prodrug of SN-38 for neuroblastoma therapy

Nanomedicine-based strategies have the potential to improve therapeutic performance of a wide range of anticancer agents. However, the successful implementation of nanoparticulate delivery systems requires the development of adequately sized nanocarriers delivering their therapeutic cargo to the target in a protected, pharmacologically active form. The present studies focused on a novel nanocarrier-based formulation strategy for SN-38, a topoisomerase I inhibitor with proven anticancer potential, whose clinical application is compromised by toxicity, poor stability and incompatibility with conventional delivery vehicles. SN-38 encapsulated in biodegradable sub-100 nm sized nanoparticles (NP) in the form of its rapidly activatable prodrug derivative with tocopherol succinate potently inhibited the growth of neuroblastoma cells in a dose- and exposure time-dependent manner, exhibiting a delayed response pattern distinct from that of free SN-38. In a xenograft model of neuroblastoma, prodrug-loaded NP caused rapid regression of established large tumors, significantly delayed tumor regrowth after treatment cessation and markedly extended animal survival. The NP formulation strategy enabled by a reversible chemical modification of the drug molecule offers a viable means for SN-38 delivery achieving sustained intratumoral drug levels and contributing to the potency and extended duration of antitumor activity, both prerequisites for effective treatment of neuroblastoma and other cancers.
Several new methods for solving equations

Several new methods for solving one nonlinear equation are developed. Most of the methods are of order three and they require the knowledge of f f′ and f″. The methods will be compared to others in the literature. An extensive bibliography is given.
Threshold voltage shifting for memory and tuning in printed transistor circuits

Multiple mechanisms for controllably shifting the threshold voltage of printed and organic transistors have been identified during the last few years, including some just in the past year, that are analogous in some ways to silicon floating gate memory elements. In addition, printed electronic memory is emerging as a serious product technology for identification and banking cards and for responsive systems through the efforts of startup companies. Other circuit applications are also being identified. Memory and tuning are not as prominently discussed in the literature as simpler and more accessible topics such as display driving, charge carrier mobility, voltage reduction, and high-frequency response. This report summarizes the numerous approaches being considered for the definition and control of transistor threshold voltage in alternative electronic technologies, including the theoretical basis for the effects utilized. Higher and more reliable performance parameters and entirely new functionality are among the advantages to be highlighted.
Robotic versus laparoscopic colectomy

Background This study compared the experience and cost of the DaVinci Robotic system and laparoscopy for colon resections.
Robot-assisted rectopexy and colpopexy for rectal prolapse

Aim This video demonstrates a technique for robot-assisted combined rectopexy with colpopexy, but without the use of mesh for rectal prolapse.
A Total Resolution of Aspartic Acid Copper Complex by Inoculation

RESOLUTION by inoculation of a supersaturated solution with one enantiomorph has been discussed by Greenstein1. More recently, the resolution of glutamic acid by inoculation has been perfected for industrial use2,3.
DOMESTIC TERROR AND RATES OF SUICIDE AND HOMICIDE IN CANADA, 1960-1985 '

Lester (1978) found that nations with more riots and armed internal conflict had lower suicide rates and higher homicide rates. The present study was designed to replicate this finding by examining the association between the number of domestic terrorism incidents in Canada for 1960 to 1985 (Ross & Gurr, 1989) and rates of suicide and homicide, using tirne-series regressions with the Cochrane-Orcutt technique to correct for the serial autocorrelation in the data set (Doan, 1990). The number of domestic terrorism incidents was associated with lower rates of both suicide and homicide (Pearson rs = -.41 and -.44, respectively, two-tailed p< .05). The signs of the regression coefficients were positive for suicide (b= 0.0035) and negative for homicide (b= -0.0034), but neither was statistically significant. Thus, these results did not support the cross-national study of Lester (1978).
Cholesterol content of lean and fat from beef, pork, and lamb cuts

Abstract Fifteen carcasses—five each of beef, pork, and lamb—were selected. Longissimus and semi-membranosus muscles were removed from each side; three cuts were removed from each muscle. The steaks and chops were divided into one of three external fat treatments: (1) 0 cm external fat remaining, (2) 0.6 cm (combined lean and fat) fat remaining, and (3) 0.6 cm (separable lean and separable fat) fat remaining. Cholesterol and total lipid were analyzed for both raw and cooked samples in each external fat treatment. With the exception of longissimus lamb chops, cooking steaks or chops with or without external fat did not affect the total amount of cholesterol in the separable lean. The longissimus lamb chops, cooked with external fat, had a higher (P
Ain't I a Filipino (woman)? : An analysis of authorship/authority through the construction of Filipina on the net

In this article, I examine the process by which Filipino women's identity was articulated, reified and renegotiated on soc.culture.filipino, a newsgroup community on the Internet that, as a hub, sustains a flux membership of 20,000 registrants. By observing several online debates, I witnessed the process by which members of the diaspora negotiated the meaning of Filipino women's identity with people in the Philippines and how they atempted to forge a cultural identity for the community itself. In this article, I show that articulated stereotypes of Filipino and Asian women were intimately connected to racial empowerment, anti-colonial, and nationalist projects. In doing Internet research, I was able to document the intersection between postcolonial studies and computer mediated communication theories on studying identity in flux and was able to analyze the role of the Internet in decentering identities as well as the possibility of dismantling Grand Narratives.
A Severity of Illness Index and Health-Related Quality of Life for Teens with Congenital Heart Disease

A Severity of Illness Index and Health-Related Quality of Life for Teens with Congenital Heart Disease
Behavioral and neuroanatomical consequences of a unilateral intraventricular infusion of AF64A and limitations on the neuroprotective effects of nimodipine.

Abstract The monoethylcholine aziridinium ion, AF64A, (3 nmol in 1 μl) or artificial CSF (1 μl) was infused unilaterally into the right dorsal lateral ventricle of male adult rats. Treatment with the L-type calcium channel antagonist, nimodipine (70 μg/kg b.wt.) or its vehicle was administered beginning before and for seven days following surgery. The infusion of AF64A reduced spontaneous alternation rates in the T-maze when compared to CSF and sham infused animals. F64A-treated animals also took longer to reach the goal area in a complex maze task on specific trials relative to CSF and sham-infused animals. Locomotion and habituation to the open field did not differ between surgery groups. Unilateral AF64A significantly depleted acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positive terminals in the ipsilateral hippocampus and cell bodies in the ipsilateral medial septal area (MSA). Receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF-R), often colocalized with cholinergic cell bodies and terminals, also were depleted in the ipsilateral MSA of AF64A infused animals. Treatment with nimodipine did not have a neuroprotective effect on AF64A animals in either behavioral or histological results. However, some degree of protection was found in the vehicle-treated rats. This effect was likely a consequence of the stress of the injection procedure rather than the content of the vehicle, largely polyethylene glycol 400. Nimodipine-treated animals, regardless of surgery group, exhibited fewer emotional responses and had lower spontaneous alternation rates than untreated animals. The behavioral alterations found in the nimodipine groups are most easily explained in terms of altered emotionality. Overall our findings indicate that AF64A is a potent cholinotoxin that can selectively eliminate the ipsilateral septohippocampal cholinergic system when unilaterally infused into the lateral ventricle. It is possible that the mechanism of action of AF64A, like other nitrogen mustard analogues, involves disruption of basic processes involved in protein synthesis and DNA activities. Because of this, the toxic effects of the aziridinium mustard are independent of extracellular calcium and thus may not be susceptible to protection by calcium channel antagonists.
Development of laboratory control samples for the ICP-ES determination of nutrient elements in rat tissues

Abstract Laboratory control samples have been prepared from rabbit bones and duodenum and from bovine kidney and spleen for use in quality control and development of methodology for the inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) determination of 9 elements in weanling rat tissues. Analysis by ICP-ES following wet acid digestion was used to characterize these control samples with respect to mineral content and homogeneity. Results of the investigation of alternative pretreatment techniques are included.
578 EFFECT OF INCREASED VITAMIN A INTAKE ON SERUM VITAMIN A LEVELS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

Previous studies have shown that Vitamin A levels are low in the growing premature infant. An attempt was made to raise Vitamin A levels by increasing oral intake in one of two groups of premature infants. Each group was matched for birth wt., gestational age, onset and volume (cc/Kg/day) of feedings and caloric intake (k cal/Kg/day). Group I infants were fed an experimental formula prepared by Ross Laboratories of 500 IU Vit. A/d1 while Group II received PM 60/40 (Ross) formula which contained 325 IU of Vitamin A/d1. Serum protein levels were similar for each group during each time period. Despite an 85% increase in intake of Vitamin A, levels were similar for each feeding group. Factors other than Vitamin A must be responsible for the low level of this vitamin in the growing premature infant.
Enhancing radiation control of an optical leaky wave antenna in a resonator

We analyze the theoretical and physical properties of a CMOS compatible optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) integrated into a Fabry-Perot resonator (FPR) at 193.4 THz (wavelength λ0 = 1550 nm). The presented OLWA design is composed of a silicon (Si) dielectric waveguide sandwiched between two silica glass (SiO2) domains, and it comprises periodic perturbations (cavities of vacuum). We first describe the radiation of the isolated OLWA whose radiation pattern is due to the excitation of a leaky wave, slowly decaying while traveling. The perturbations are indeed designed to obtain a leaky wave harmonic with very low attenuation and phase constants. Then, we integrate the same OLWA into a FPR where two leaky waves with the same wavenumber are travelling in opposite directions inside the resonator. We show that the radiation level at the broadside direction can be effectively controlled by modifying the optical properties of the Si waveguide through electron-hole excess carrier generation (found to be highly enhanced when it is integrated into a FPR). The design of the integrated OLWA is properly set to guarantee the constructive interference of the two radiated beams provided by the two leaky waves in the FPR. The modal propagation constant in the integrated OLWA can be then altered through excess carrier generation in Si, thus the antenna can be tuned in and out of the resonance thanks to the high FPR quality factor, and the LW modal dispersion relation. This allows for enhanced radiation level control at broadside, and preliminary results show up to 13 dB beam modulation.
Antigen processing and presentation by glomerular visceral epithelium in vitro

Antigen processing and presentation by glomerular visceral epithelium in vitro. Although macrophages are considered the prototype of antigen presenting cells (APC), recent studies have emphasized the potential role of several parenchymal and mesenchymal cells in this process. We have studied the capacity of cultured glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GEC) to act as effective APC and compared this capacity with that demonstrated by peritoneal macrophages Affinity-purified and in vitro propagated rat GEC were exposed to hen egg lysozyme, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and cationic ferritin. As effector cells, we used antigen-specific T cell hybridomas; the level of antigen presentation was assessed by determining the level of interleukin 2 (IL-2) present in tissue culture supernatants Cytokine-treated GEC were capable of processing and presenting all antigens in a dose-dependent manner. Crucial for antigen presentation were intracellular processing of antigen and the presence of la on the cell surface. Our findings indicate that GEC can act as effective APC, and further suggest that this capacity may be relevant to cell-mediated immune injury at the level of the glomerular capillaries in vivo.
Family process perspective on the heterogeneous effects of maternal incarceration on child wellbeing; the trouble with differences

Although the preponderance of evidence suggests that parental incarceration has lasting and detrimental effects on children (Arditti, 2012; Murray and Farrington, 2008a; Murray, Farrington, Sekol, and Olsen, 2009; Poehlmann and Eddy, 2010; Wildeman and Wakefield, 2014), research has been advancing that seeks to understand the conditions in which negative consequences are most likely. The issue of heterogeneity involves considering variation in children's social and family environments, as well as examining incongruities in child and family outcomes as they pertain to parental incarceration. As pointed out by Turney and Wildeman (2015, this issue), these incongruities among studies are more obvious with regard to maternal incarceration and child outcomes, and they could stem from a methodological approach with qualitative studies suggesting a wider and more nuanced range of possibilities for children experiencing incarceration than quantitative studies. Given the epistemological assumptions that guide qualitative research, it makes sense that new and unexpected possibilities could then emerge, including findings suggesting that children might do well in conjunction with a parent's incarceration. Sample variation, measurement, and different statistical approaches contribute to heterogeneous effects of maternal incarceration on children. In this policy essay, I discuss the applied implications of the issue of heterogeneity as it pertains to maternal incarceration and comment on a well-executed analysis examining the heterogeneous effects of maternal incarceration. Turney and Wildeman used a well-known representative quantitative data set surveying fragile families. The central conclusion of their study was that maternal incarceration was deleterious for children whose mothers were least likely to experience incarceration but mostly inconsequential for children of mothers more likely to experience incarceration. Turney and Wildeman's findings lend support for the need to study both average and heterogeneous effects of parental incarceration. In the following discussion, I hope to help augment explanations for the heterogeneous effects of maternal incarceration. My comments are informed by a family process perspective that pays close attention to mediating mechanisms and childhood and family resilience. I situate these explanations by first summarizing the context of maternal incarceration.... Language: en
Impact mitigation using kinematic constraints and the full space parameterization method

A new method for mitigating unexpected impact of a redundant manipulator with an object in its environment is presented. Kinematic constraints are utilized with the recently developed method known as full space parameterization (FSP). System performance criteria and constraints are changed at impact to return the end effector to the point of impact and halt the arm. Since large joint accelerations could occur as the manipulator is halted joint acceleration bounds are imposed to simulate physical actuator limitations. Simulation results are presented for the case of a simple redundant planar manipulator.
Post-crash log processing for fuzzy checkpointing main memory databases

The impact of updating policy and access pattern on the performance of post-crash log processing with a fuzzy checkpointing main memory database (MMDB) is discussed. The problem of restoring the database to a consistent state and several algorithms for post-crash log processing under the various updating alternatives are reviewed. Using an analytic model, the checkpoint behavior and post-crash log processing performance of these algorithms are examined. Analytic results show that deferred updating always takes less time to process the log after a crash. >
Age Differences in the Differentiation of Trait Impressions From Faces

Objectives. We in vestigated whether evidence that older adults (OA) show less differentiation of visual stimuli than younger adults (YA) extends to trait impressions from faces and effects of face age. We also examined whether age differ ences in mood, vision, or cognition-mediated differentiation differences. Finally, we investigated whether age differences in trait differentiation mediated differences in impression positivity. Method. We used a dif ferentiation index adapted from previous work on stereotyping to assess OA and YA likelihood of assigning different faces to different levels on trait scales. We computed scores for ratings of older and younger faces’ competence, health, hostility, and untrustworthiness. Results. OA sho wed less differentiated trait ratings than YA. Measures of mood, vision, and cognition did not mediate these rater age differences. Hostility was differentiated more for younger than older faces, while health was differentiated more for older faces, but only by OA. Age differences in differentiation mediated age differences in impression positivity. Discussion. Less differentiation of trait impressions from faces in OA is consistent with previous evidence for less differentiation in face and emotion recognition. Results indicated that that age-related dedifferentiation does not reflect narrow changes in visual function. They also provide a novel explanation for OA positivity effects.
CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION IN COREOPSIS NUECENSOIDES AND C. NUECENSIS (ASTERACEAE), A PRESUMED PROGENITOR-DERIVATIVE SPECIES PAIR

Coreopsis nuecensoides andC. nuecensis are narrowly distributed endemics of southeastern Texas. While they overlap in range, they differ in chromosome number, and F1 hybrids exhibit strong sterility barriers. Previous morphological, cytogenetic, and allozyme studies suggested thatC. nuecensoides andC. nuecensis are very closely related members of a progenitor-derivative species pair. The two species differ substantially in terms of their leaf flavonoid chemistry, but the flavonoid data do not address the exact nature of the relationship between them. We have further examined the relationship between the species by analyzing genetic diversity within both species using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site data. Sixteen restriction site changes were used to define thirteen distinct cpDNA haplotypes. The pattern of relationships among haplotypes provides some support for the presumed ancestor-descendent relationship, but other interpretations are possible. Only one cpDNA haplotype was shared by the two species; of the remaining twelve, seven were unique to one species and five to the other. This result is consistent with results of flavonoid studies, in which each species exhibited flavonoid compounds not seen in the other, but differs from the allozyme results, in which the vast majority of alleles were shared by both species and only the presumed progenitor exhibited unique alleles. Taken together, the data support a very close relationship between the species, but are equivocal with regard to a progenitor-derivative relationship.
Media Use and Sleep Among Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, or Typical Development

OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the relationships between media use (television, computer, and video games) and sleep among boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or with typical development (TD). METHODS: Participants included parents of boys with ASD ( n = 49), ADHD ( n = 38), or TD ( n = 41) (ages 8–17 years). Questionnaires assessed daily hours of media use, bedroom access to media, and average sleep hours per night. RESULTS: Bedroom media access was associated with less time spent sleeping per night, irrespective of diagnostic group. Bedroom access to a television or a computer was more strongly associated with reduced sleep among boys with ASD compared with boys with ADHD or TD. Multivariate models showed that, in addition to bedroom access, the amount of time spent playing video games was uniquely associated with less sleep among boys with ASD. In the ASD group only, the relationship between bedroom access to video games and reduced sleep was mediated by hours of video game play. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that media-related variables may be an important consideration in understanding sleep disturbances in children with ASD. Further research is needed to better characterize the processes by which media use may affect sleep among individuals with ASD. Overall, the current findings suggest that screen-based media time and bedroom media access should be routinely assessed and may be important intervention targets when addressing sleep problems in children with ASD.
Toward A Liberal Arts Managerial Economics Pedagogy

We describe our department’s new, liberal arts Managerial Economics curriculum for undergraduates. Higher education experts have lamented the separation between managementrelated and liberal arts education. Our optional Managerial Economics track begins to bridge this gap by creating a focused sequence of courses integrated within the curriculum for departmental majors. The program benefits from faculty research within recent literatures combining economics and management, Allegheny’s expertise in experiential learning, and the College’s liberal arts tradition. Students are prepared to understand a rapidly changing managerial environment, the ambiguous and integrative nature of managerial problems, and the challenges posed by ethical pressures and globalization.
Plastic Words: Words Without Meaning:

Taking as its point of departure the works of Jacques Ellul, Sven Birkerts, George Steiner, Uwe Poerksen, and others, this article explores the status of language in a technicized civilization. It is argued that language has devolved under the impact of technology, particularly in the dimension of values and ethics. This diagnosis points to the way from which a possible cure may emerge.
Epidemic gastritis with hypochlorhydria

Abstract Seventeen of 37 healthy volunteers participating in studies of acid secretion and 2 patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome became rapidly and profoundly hypochlorhydric. A mild illness with epigastric pain occurred in 9 subjects, usually several days before detection of hypochlorhydria. Gastric mucosal biopsy specimens taken from subjects during hypochlorhydria revealed severe fundal and antral gastritis; however, even when acid secretion was severely depressed, parietal cells were abundant and appeared normal histologically. During hypochlorhydria, gastric permeability to hydrogen, sodium, and lithium was normal in 4 subjects. Serum gastrin concentrations were usually normal, whereas serum pepsinogen concentrations were invariably elevated. Serum parietal cell antibodies were not present. Acid secretion returned to near baseline levels in 14 of 17 subjects after a mean of 126 days (range 53–235); severity of gastritis diminished concurrently in 7 of 10 subjects on whom biopsies were serially performed. An infectious etiology is suspected, although serologic studies and bacterial and conventional viral cultures of stool and gastric juice have not identified a candidate agent.
A case study of high school teachers' decision making models for planning and teaching science

The focus of this study was to investigate the manner and the degree to which science teachers consider the nature of the subject matter in their decision making addressing the planning and the delivery of instructional tasks. An assumption of the study is that considerations for the nature of the subject matter should be a factor in a teacher's decision making about what to teach and how to teach. Relevant research literature reviewed includes (1) human decision making and the development of cognitive models of reality, (2) modern philosophies of science, and (3) philosophy of science and science education. Methods of data collection and of data analysis followed Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence guidelines for conducting ethnographic research. Validity of research findings was established from the triangulation of observations, interviews, and documents and surveys. The goal of the research was the development of grounded hypotheses about science TEACHERS' pedagogical decision making. Based on the results of this study it is hypothesized that science TEACHERS' decision-making models of reality for the selection, implementation, and development of instructional tasks are dominated by considerations for (a) student development, (b) curriculum guide objectives, and (c) pressures of accountability. Little, if any, consideration is given to the nature of the subject matter by the science teachers in decision making. Implications exist for the disenfranchisement of teachers from the task of making decisions concerning what to teach.
Mating system and pollination biology of the spring-flowering shrub, Dirca palustris

Dirca palustris L., eastern leatherwood or wicopy (Thymelaeaceae), a widely distributed shrub of eastern North America, flowers in early spring and so may face some of the same constraints faced by ephemeral vernal herbs of the eastern deciduous forest, most notably the influence of low temperature on pollinator activity. I studied the mating system of D. palustris and the influence of temperature on pollinator visitation of flowers, during three field seasons in a small stream valley in north-western Pennsylvania, USA. Specifically, I was interested in how a species with apparently specialized floral morphology, like D. palustris, may ensure reproductive success in a thermally unpredictable vernal environment. Pollinator visitation of flowers of D. palustris was strongly regulated by temperature, with no visits occurring below 14.9°C. Lack of treatment effects in mating system studies, especially the lack of significant differences in fruit set between the bagged, self-pollination treatment and various cross-pollination treatments accessible to pollinators, suggests that D. palustris is self-compatible or perhaps apomictic. Thus, like other spring-flowering species faced with pollinator unpredictability, D. palustris may rely on a mixed mating system to ensure reproductive success during cool temperate springs.