cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Arsikere Granite of southern India: magmatism and metamorphism in a previously depleted crust

Abstract The Arsikere Granite is a small diapiric potassic pluton intruded into Archean gneisses of the western part of the Dharwar craton of southern India. A Rb/Sr age of 2563 Ma indicates that the granite was formed during a period of granulite development at lower-crustal levels (at least to the south of the Dharwar craton). Schist belts in the craton were metamorphosed to greenschist or amphibolite facies at this time, but gneisses underwent no isotopic or other geochemical effects. The Arsikere Granite contains quartz, oligoclase, highly perthitic alkali feldspar (originally precipitated as a single phase), F-rich biotite, plus primary epidote, fluorite, and F-rich muscovite. Sphene forms large euhedrons which incorporate nearly all of the Ti in the rock, leaving pure magnetite as the only opaque phase. Equilibration parameters include: temperatures of ∼ 700° (from feldspars); f O 2 ⋍ 10 −12 bar (biotite and opaques); and F OH ⋍ 10 −3 (biotite). Nearby schist belts were metamorphosed at ∼ 5-kbar pressure at the same time as granite emplacement. If the granite was emplaced at 5 kbar, the magma could not have been water-saturated (perthite). An initial 87 Sr 86 Sr ratio of 0.7021 in the Arsikere Granite is too low for the magma to have formed by partial melting of rocks with the Rb/Sr ratios of gneisses currently exposed in the craton. Apparently the magma formed in a lower crust that had been depleted in Rb (and probably other lithophilic elements) several hundred million years earlier. At this time, the craton also became water-poor and inert to further geochemical activity, such as resetting isochrons during later metamorphism.
Industrial location-based Services

Modern industrial automation control systems are growing to be large-scaled, complex and information-luxuriant, so that selecting and displaying proper information to operators is becoming more and more difficult. Asset management in such large control systems is also a tough challenge. Location-based Services (LBS) is thought to be an effective approach to filter information to operators, and enhance asset management. LBS can also help to increase an operation's security, safety and efficiency. However there are challenges for industrial LBS applications. In this paper, a three-layered architecture (positioning, middleware, and application layers) is referenced to model industrial LBS technologies and applications. Location algorithms and standards are introduced. Potential industrial LBS applications and challenges are discussed. Methods for integration between location systems and control systems are analyzed.
Export of invertebrates and detritus from fishless headwater streams in southeastern Alaska: implications for downstream salmonid production

1. We examined the export of invertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial) and coarse organic detritus from forested headwaters to aquatic habitats downstream in the coastal mountains of southeast Alaska, U.S.A. Fifty-two small streams (mean discharge range: 1.2–3.6 L s−1), representing a geographic range throughout southeast Alaska, were sampled with 250-μm nets either seasonally (April, July, September) or every 2 weeks throughout the year. Samples were used to assess the potential subsidy of energy from fishless headwaters to downstream systems containing fish. 2. Invertebrates of aquatic and terrestrial origin were both captured, with aquatic taxa making up 65–92% of the total. Baetidae, Chironomidae and Ostracoda were most numerous of the aquatic taxa (34, 16 and 8%, respectively), although Coleoptera (mostly Amphizoidae) contributed the greatest biomass (30%). Mites (Acarina) were the most numerous terrestrial taxon, while terrestrial Coleoptera accounted for most of the terrestrial invertebrate biomass. 3. Invertebrates and detritus were exported from headwaters throughout the year, averaging 163 mg invertebrate dry mass stream−1 day−1 and 10.4 g detritus stream−1 day−1, respectively. The amount of export was highly variable among streams and seasons (5–6000 individuals stream−1 day−1 and <1–22 individuals m−3 water; <1–286 g detritus stream−1 day−1 and <0.1–1.7 g detritus m−3 water). Delivery of invertebrates from headwaters to habitats with fish was estimated at 0.44 g dry mass m−2 year−1. We estimate that every kilometre of salmonid-bearing stream could receive enough energy (prey and detritus) from fishless headwaters to support 100–2000 young-of-the-year (YOY) salmonids. These results illustrate that headwaters are source areas of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and detritus, linking upland ecosystems with habitats lower in the catchment.
Control of leading edge vortex breakdown by blowing

An investigation into the effects of using a jet of air to control the vortex breakdown position on a 70 degree delta wing is presented. The specific objectives focused on optimizing the blowing positions in terms of maximum lift increments obtained for minimum blowing rates. The tests were conducted at chord Reynolds numbers of 150,000, 200,000, and 250,000 at angles of incidence of 30 and 35 degrees. Visualization and force data is presented to show the effect of the jet on the wing aerodynamic characteristics. The results indicate a jet position located at and aligned parallel to the leading edge to be the optimum. Nearness to the apex and tangency to the upper surface were also crucial factors. The influence of the jet on the leading edge vortex structure was examined using laser Doppler anemometry. Velocity surveys through the vortex showed that at high blowing rates the parallel velocity in the outer swirling region of the vortex increased and the normal velocity decreased. This resulted in a decrease in the swirling angle in the outer region. The peak core velocity was reduced and the vortex breakdown was delayed.
Big data clustering via random sketching and validation

As the number and dimensionality of data increases, development of new efficient processing tools has become a necessity. The present paper introduces a novel dimensionality reduction approach for fast and efficient clustering of high-dimensional data. The new methods extend random sampling and consensus (RANSAC) arguments, originally developed for robust regression tasks in computer vision, to the dimensionality reduction problem. The advocated random sketching and validation K-means (SkeVa K-means) and Divergence SkeVa algorithms can achieve high performance, with the latter being able to afford lower computational footprint than the former. Extensive numerical tests on synthetic and real datasets highlight the potential of the proposed algorithms, and demonstrate their competitive performance relative to state-of-the-art random projection alternatives.
Complications, outcomes, and need for fusion after minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy and microdiscectomy

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) with or without microdiscectomy (posterior cervical discectomy [PCD]) is a frequently used surgical technique for cervical radiculopathy secondary to foraminal stenosis or a laterally located herniated disc. Currently, these procedures are being performed with increasing frequency using advanced minimally invasive techniques. Although the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive PCF/PCD (MI-PCF/PCD) have been established, reports on long-term outcome and need for secondary surgical intervention at the index or adjacent level are lacking. PURPOSE: To determine the rates of complications, long-term outcomes, and need for secondary surgical intervention at the index or adjacent level after MI-PCF and microdiscectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort. PATIENT SAMPLE: Seventy patients treated with MI-PCF and/or MI-PCD for cervical radiculopathy. OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual Analog Scale for neck/arm (VASN/A) pain and Neck Disability Index (NDI). METHODS: Ninety-seven patients underwent MI-PCF with or without MI-PCD between 2002 and 2011. Adequate prospective follow-up was available for 70 patients (95 cervical levels). The primary outcome assessed was need for secondary surgical intervention at the index or adjacent level. The secondary outcomes assessed included complications and improvements in NDI and VASN/ A scores. All complications were reviewed. Mixed-model analyses of variance with random subject effects and autoregressive first-order correlation structures were used to test for differences among NDI, VASA, and VASN measurements made over time while accounting for the correlation among repeated observations within a patient. All statistical hypothesis tests were conducted at the 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Patients were followed for a mean of 32.1 months. Of 70 patients operated, there were 3 (4.3%) complications (1 cerebrospinal fluid leak, 1 postoperative wound hematoma, and 1 radiculitis), none of which required a secondary operative intervention. Five patients required an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (eight total levels fused) on average 44.4 months after the index surgery. Of those, five (5.3%) were at the index level and three (2.1%) were at adjacent levels. Neck Disability Index scores improved significantly (p!.0001) immediately postoperatively and continued to decrease gradually with time. Visual Analog Scale for neck/arm scores improved significantly (p!.0001) from baseline immediately postoperatively but tended to plateau with time.
Scalable Hybrid Deterministic/Monte Carlo Neutronics Simulations in Two Space Dimensions

In this paper we discuss a parallel hybrid deterministic/Monte Carlo (MC) method for the solution of the neutron transport equation in two space dimensions. The algorithm uses an NDA formulation of the transport equation, with a MC solver for the high-order equation. The scalability arises from the concentration of work in the MC phase of the algorithm, while the overall run-time is a consequence of the deterministic phase.
GEN03-4: Cyclic Codes Tailored to a Known Set of Error Patterns

We propose a high-rate error-pattern control code based on a generator polynomial targeting a specific set of known dominant error patterns. This code is based on first constructing a low-rate cyclic code that possesses a distinct syndrome set for each target error pattern. This base code is then extended by simply applying the same generator polynomial to a larger message block. It is shown that the captured syndrome along with a soft metric can be used to correct a single occurrence of any target error pattern within the codeword with a high probability of accuracy. The proposed scheme outperforms, by a significant margin, conventional post-Viterbi error correction based on high-rate error detection coding. The performance comparison is provided for a high-density perpendicular recording model.
Multiscale traveling: crossing the boundary between space and scale

Adding multiscale interaction capabilities to 3D virtual environments may permit work with huge virtual worlds that might otherwise be too large to manage. Multiscale technology has shown potential to support user interactions. This paper reports an experimental study of two multiscale traveling techniques. Our results show that while allowing a flexible control on travel speed and accuracy is beneficial, directly traversing the space-scale could be a challenge for users, probably due to difficulties in perceiving scalable virtual space and executing scaling operations. The results suggest that more research is needed to improve the understanding of the coupling of space and scale in multiscale user interface and to harness the full potentials of multiscale traveling techniques.
Mapping out switching techniques

Several techniques can be used to minimize Boolean functions; some are more useful than others. This article deals with a computer program designed for two such techniques: the Karnaugh map and Quine-McCluskey (1952). The program demonstrates 24 switching variables. It provides a visual representation of the Karnaugh map technique for the user who wishes it. The second technique, Quine-McCluskey, provides the user with a list of the prime implicants. The architecture of digital computers, especially those for microcomputers, uses a design technique essential to any digital machine. This technique is referred to as digital logic. It includes the mathematics of Boolean algebra that generates Boolean equations, the topology and interaction of logic circuits, and the methods of minimizing logical equations. Boolean algebra is considered the basis of nearly all design and analysis methods in digital systems. The Boolean function can be described using various models. A few of these methods may be considered successful, but most have severe limitations. They all become unmanageable as the number of switching variables becomes larger.
Responsible eigenvalue concept for the stability of a class of single-delay consensus dynamics with fixed topology

This study investigates the stability of a class of single-delay interconnected dynamics where dynamics share only delayed information with each other while seeking consensus in a large scale network with fixed topology. The coupled dynamics, which are infinite dimensional because of the presence of delays, can remain stable for at most a certain amount of delays called the delay margin. This margin is intricately determined by the nature of the dynamics, the network connectivity and coupling strengths among the dynamics. Here we present a systematic approach to correlate the finite dimensional network graph properties to the delay margin associated with an infinite dimensional eigenvalue problem. In particular, the developed mathematical approach leads to the responsible eigenvalue concept, which becomes the one and only one eigenvalue that directly determines the delay margin of the entire network. Case studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach as well as the connections between delay margin and the eigenvalues of the corresponding graph Laplacian.
880 SECRETORY DETERMINANTS OF IMPAIRED ADHERENCE MOTIUTY OF NEONATAL PMNS

To evaluate possible secretory determinants of pathologic neonatal PMN (NP) adherence and stimulated migration, correlative studies of 2° granule lactoferrin (LF) release (RIA), chemotactic factor receptor “up regulation” (fML3HP binding, 4°C), and the induction of OKM1, & p150,95 glycoprotein (GP) surface expression (Flow Cytometry) mediated by secretory or chemotactic stimuli were performed. LF content of 31 healthy term NP suspensions (x 15.2 g/107 PMNs) was diminished (p 10−7M) and during adherence to glass substrates in the presence of PMA or fMLP (p 500 ng/ml) or A23187 (>2.5×10−8M) was also diminished (× CPM×103/107 PMN: PMA; 5.8 (NP), 10.4 (AP), A23187; 9.1 (NP), 21.2 (AP) (p<.001). PMA mediated a minimal enhancement of surface expression of OKM1 α, β, & p150,95α (x fold increase; 1.4, 1.6, 1.5) compared to AP (x fold increase; 5.6, 5.9, 5.3). Diminished (p<.001) induction of these GPs on NP by fMLP or C5a was directly related to impaired enhancement of adherence by these chemotactic factors (r=.89; p<.001). These studies suggest that impaired hyperadherence and stimulated migration by NP are functionally linked to abnormalitles of 2° granules & a resultant diminished availability of LF, fMLP receptors & “adhesive” GPs which are required at the cell surface for these events.
Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics and Dosing in Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Hypothermia

Study Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) receiving hypothermia and to identify an empiric gentamicin dosing strategy in this population that optimizes achievement of target peak and trough concentrations.
Bacterial Species-Specific Hospital Mortality Rate for Intra-Abdominal Infections

Abstract Background: Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and death. We hypothesized that the involvement of specific organisms would predict death independently. Patients and Methods: All patients with IAIs treated at an academic tertiary-care facility over eight years (June 1999–June 2007) were included. The data collected were demographics, co-morbidities, source of infection, intra-abdominal culture results, type of infection (community-acquired vs. nosocomial), type of intervention (operative vs. percutaneous drainage), and outcome. The Charlson Comorbidity Index and multiple organ dysfunction score (MODS) were used in the analysis. Results: A total of 389 patients were admitted for 452 infection episodes (IEs) during the study period. None of the 129 patients with appendiceal-related infections died, and these patients were excluded from further analysis. Thus, 323 non-appendiceal IEs were evaluated. The overall mortality rate was 8.7%. The mean age of the patients was 54...
Shower Production by Penetrating Particles at 14,000 Feet

Showers produced by penetrating particles were studied at 14,000 feet by simultaneous observations with G.M. counters, a cloud chamber, and an ionization chamber in a combined array. At least two-thirds of the observed showers generated by penetrating particles that struck a five-inch lead absorber consisted of a mixture of energetic electrons and particles heavier than electrons. The frequency of these events at high altitude relative to sea level shows that the initiating particles are not ordinary mesons. The presence of heavier particles in the electron shower indicates that the showers result from nuclear interactions in which the nucleus is disrupted rather than from a simple radiation process. Details of the events and their relation to some other cosmic-ray phenomena are discussed.
A multilevel modelling approach to analysis of patient costs under managed care.

The growth of the managed care model of health care delivery in the USA has led to broadened interest in the performance of health care providers. This paper uses multilevel modelling to analyse the effects of managed care penetration on patient level costs for a sample of 24 medical centres operated by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The appropriateness of a two level approach to this problem over ordinary least squares (OLS) is demonstrated. Results indicate a modicum of difference in institutions' performance after controlling for patient effects. Facilities more heavily penetrated by the managed care model may be more effective at controlling costs of their sicker patients. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Islam and Politics: Egypt, Algeria, and Tunisia

This paper is dedicated to the memory of my dear daughter, Amal, who died on May 8, 1994, of cancer and pneumonia at the age of 29, leaving behind two little children.
Proteomic Analysis Identifies MaxiK Channel Intracellular Partners from Human Coronary Artery

The large conductance voltage and calcium-activated potassium (MaxiK) channel, a key modulator of vascular tone, interacts with several types of proteins (e.g. regulatory subunits, G-protein coupled receptors, signaling kinases). In this study, we searched for MaxiK channel partners in human coronary artery using a proteomic approach. A MaxiK polyclonal antibody and 3 coronary arteries from explanted hearts were used to immunoprecipitate MaxiK. IgG was used as negative control. Immunoprecipitated proteins were separated by 1-D SDS-PAGE; subsequently, gel bands were excised for trypsin digestion and LC/MS/MS analysis. As positive control, we searched for MaxiK peptides and found 7 peptides (93 amino acids) from MaxiK C-terminus. No peptides of MaxiK were found in IgG negative controls (n=3). Various groups of intracellular proteins that form complex with MaxiK channels were identified. A group of proteins are cytoskeleton proteins, which include coronin-1A, PACN2, tubulin beta-3 chain and beta-centractin. PACN2 plays a role in the formation of flask-shaped caveolae at the plasma membrane and coronin-1A is involved in cell locomotion. Another group of proteins are linked to transcription and mRNA-splicing. These proteins are TFIID subunit 9B, DDX1, and pre-mRNA-splicing factor SYF1. Mitochondria metabolic proteins were also identified as MaxiK partners including ADP/ATP translocase and PCCB (Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain). In addition, we found that Hsp90 co-chaperone CDC37 (CDC37), WASL and WASL-interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1) associate with MaxiK. These three proteins also form complex with Hsp90. WASL and WIPF1 are involved in the formation of actin filament and cell motility. Hsp90 binds to WASL regulating actin polymerization. CDC37 and Hsp90 assemble to stabilize protein kinases. In summary, proteomic analysis identified intracellular proteins forming complex with MaxiK channel and the underlying functions for these interactions need further investigation. Supported by NIH.
Boundary layer evolution and regional‐scale diurnal circulations over the and Mexican plateau

Data collected in a measurement campaign in February and March 1997 showed that the Mexico Basin (also called the Valley of Mexico), located atop the Mexican plateau, fails to develop the strong nocturnal inversions usually associated with basins and does not exhibit diurnally reversing valley wind systems. Data analyses, two-and three-dimensional numerical simulations with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model are used to interpret these observations and to examine the effects of topography and regional diurnal circulations on boundary layer evolution over the Mexico Basin and its surroundings during fair weather periods in the winter dry season. We show that the boundary layer evolution in and above the basin is driven primarily by regional diurnal circulations that develop between the air above the Mexican Plateau and the generally cooler surrounding coastal areas. A convective boundary layer (CBL) grows explosively over the plateau in the late morning to reach elevations of 2250 m agl (4500 m msl) by noon, and a strong baroclinic zone forms on the edges of the plateau separating the warm CBL air from its cooler surroundings. In early afternoon the rates of heating and CBL growth are slowed as cool air leaks onto the plateau and into the basin through passes and over low-lying plateau edges. The flow onto the plateau is retarded, however, by the strongly rising branch of a plain-plateau circulation at the plateau edges, especially where mountains or steep slopes are present. An unusually rapid and deep cooling of the air above the plateau begins in late afternoon and early evening when the surface energy budget reverses, the CBL decays, and air accelerates onto the plateau through the baroclinic zone. Flow convergence near the basin floor and the associated rising motions over the basin and plateau produce cooling in 3 hours that is equivalent to half the daytime heating. While the air that converges onto the plateau comes from elevations at and above the plateau, it is air that was modified earlier in the day by a cool, moist coastal inflow carried up the plateau slopes by the plain-plateau circulation.
From vice to virtue: changing portrayals of minorities in China's official media

This study considers the official media's portrayal of minority groups in the People's Republic of China. Based on a content analysis of minority-centered articles appearing in the People's Daily newspaper between the years 1950 and 2001, it is found that minorities are most frequently depicted as representatives of primitive cultures. How the government presents this image of primitive minorities, however, has been subject to significant refinement over the years. The government has stepped away from its earlier practice of characterizing ‘primitive’ minority cultures as pathologies detrimental to the political and economic development of the state in favor of a more recent emphasis on the virtues associated with minority lives. The authors suggest that this transformation in government rhetoric is attributable to changes in both Chinese politics and society.
The Influence of Pedipalp Autotomy on the Courtship and Mating Behavior of Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Male Pardosa milvina wolf spiders use their pedipalps both for copulation and courtship. Pedipalp loss is significantly more common among adult males compared to females. We measured the courtship and mating effects associated with the loss of one or both pedipalps among adult male P. milvina. Pedipalp loss significantly reduced courtship intensity, but had no influence on mounting success. Intact males were less likely to be cannibalized and suffered fewer predatory attacks by females than autotomized males. Loss of the left pedipalp resulted in significantly less intense courtship, higher female aggression levels, and delayed onset of courtship whereas loss of the right pedipalp minimally affected male and female behavior relative to intact males. Pedipalp displays may function in reducing female aggression rather than increasing female receptivity.
Jet diffusion in the region of flow establishment

In the flow-establishment region of an air jet issuing with an efflux velocity of about 35 ft./sec from a 1.0 ft. diameter nozzle into still air, measurements were made of mean axial and radial velocities, mean static pressure, turbulence intensities, turbulent shear, and pressure fluctuation. For the measurement of the latter a pressure probe using a ceramic piezo-electric tube was developed. Also included in the measurements were the temporal mean gradient and autocorrelation of the axial-velocity fluctuation and the intermittency factor. The fluctuating-pressure and turbulence-intensity fields were observed to be closely similar in form. Through use of the measured distributions of mean-flow and turbulence characteristics, all terms of the integral and differential forms of the momentum and mean-energy equations were evaluated throughout the region. The results are presented herein by curves of variation of each of the terms as they appear in the corresponding equations.
Low-noise detector and amplifier design for 100-ns direct detection CO 2 lidar receiver

The development and test results of a prototype detector/amplifier design for a background limited, pulsed 100 ns, 10--100 kHz repetition rate LIDAR/DIAL receiver system are presented. Design objectives include near-matched filter detection of received pulse amplitude and round trip time-of-flight, and the elimination of excess correlated detector/amplifier noise for optimal pulse averaging. A novel pole-zero cancellation amplifier, coupled with a state-of-the-art SBRC (Santa Barbara Research Center) infrared detector was implemented to meet design objectives. The pole-zero cancellation amplifier utilizes a tunable, pseudo-matched filter technique to match the width of the laser pulse to the shaping time of the filter for optimal SNR performance. Low frequency correlated noise, (l/f and drift noise) is rejected through a second order high gain feedback loop. The amplifier also employs an active detector bias stage minimizing detector drift. Experimental results will be provided that demonstrate near-background limited, 100 ns pulse detection performance given a 8.5--11.5 {micro}m (300 K B.B.) radiant background, with the total noise floor spectrally white for optimal pulse averaging efficiency.
Small-scale degradation of carbon-14 labelled carboxyl acids. III. Degradation of acetic acid−14C

A simple and rapid degradation procedure is described for the determination of the millimolar radioactivity of the methyl and carboxyl groups in carbon-14 labelled acetic acid. The barium salt of the acid is converted to barium carbonate and carbon dioxide by using pyrolysis in tandem with combustion at 500°C.
Gender differences in reactivity of adult squirrel monkeys to short-term environmental challenges

Evidence is presented to show that individual adult squirrel monkeys show gender-specific reactivity profiles to threatening stimuli under laboratory conditions, and that a putative anxiogenic drug, benactyzine hydrochloride, enhances the vocal response to threatening stimuli, but otherwise preserves the relative importance of the stimuli to both males and females. These data support the conclusion that screening of putative anxiolytic drugs in a primate model can be accomplished using efficient, ethologically based testing procedures in the laboratory.
Development of morphological and physiological changes in the cochlea induced by cytomegalovirus

The effect of viral infection in the cochlea was investigated by inoculation of live cytomegalovirus or inactivated virus. Auditory thresholds were measured on the day of inoculation and on the terminal day. Two to 8 days following inoculation, the animals were killed and the cochleae were evaluated histologically. The compound nerve potential showed an increase in threshold prior to the cochlear microphonic, indicating the nerve was affected prior to the outer hair cells. All experimental cochleas contained inflammatory and cytomegalic inclusion cells and showed degenerative changes. The number of infected cells was small relative to the histopathology. Control cochleae had normal structure and function. The degeneration, therefore, might be mediated by inflammation as well as by the cytopathic effect of the virus. Viral infections, therefore, might be better managed with anti-inflammatory therapy in addition to antiviral agents.
REFEREE: an open framework for practical testing of recommender systems using ResearchIndex

Automated recommendation (e.g., personalized product recommendation on an ecommerce web site) is an increasingly valuable service associated with many databases--typically online retail catalogs and web logs. Currently, a major obstacle for evaluating recommendation algorithms is the lack of any standard, public, real-world testbed appropriate for the task. In an attempt to fill this gap, we have created REFEREE, a framework for building recommender systems using ResearchIndex--a huge online digital library of computer science research papers--so that anyone in the research community can develop, deploy, and evaluate recommender systems relatively easily and quickly. Research Index is in many ways ideal for evaluating recommender systems, especially so-called hybrid recommenders that combine information filtering and collaborative filtering techniques. The documents in the database are associated with a wealth of content information (author, title, abstract, full text) and collaborative information (user behaviors), as well as linkage information via the citation structure. Our framework supports more realistic evaluation metrics that assess user buy-in directly, rather than resorting to offline metrics like prediction accuracy that may have little to do with end user utility. The sheer scale of ResearchIndex (over 500,000 documents with thousands of user accesses per hour) will force algorithm designers to make real-world trade-offs that consider performance, not just accuracy. We present our own tradeoff decisions in building an example hybrid recommender called PD-Live. The algorithm uses content-based similarity information to select a set of documents from which to recommend, and collaborative information to rank the documents. PD-Live performs reasonably well compared to other recommenders in ResearchIndex.
Impingement Relief Test: An Adjunctive procedure to Traditional Assessment of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Shoulder impingement syndrome, a common disorder directly related to the unique anatomy, mobility, and biomechanics of the shoulder girdle complex, is a condition that results from repetitive microtrauma to the structures within the subacromial space, primarily the supraspinatus, the long head of the biceps, and the subacromial bursa. Several factors contribute to shoulder impingement syndrome, including rotator cuff weakness, capsular tightness, poor scapulohumeral rhythm, and muscle imbalance of the scapular upward rotation force couple. This article briefly reviews the biomechanics of the shoulder girdle complex and the pathology of shoulder impingement syndrome. The author introduces an adjunctive assessment procedure that assists the clinician in isolating the primary tissue and the structures involved with shoulder impingement syndrome. Conservative treatment management can then be directed to the involved contractile and/or noncontractile tissue involved with shoulder impingement syndrome.
The Incomplete Gamma Function Expressed as a Sum of Macdonald Functions

The incomplete gamma function is rewritten as a finite sum of Macdonald functions (modified Bessel functions of the second kind), Kn+1/2(z), allowing a class of integrals appearing in atomic physics to be easily evaluated.
Programming at the processor-memory-switch level

Users of networks of heterogeneous processors are concerned with allocating specialized resources to tasks of medium to large size. They need to create processes, which are instances of tasks, allocate these processes to processors, and specify the communication patterns between processes. These activities constitute Processor-Memory-Switch (PMS) Level Programming, in contrast with traditional programming activities, which take place at the Instruction Set Processor (ISP) Level. In this paper we describe the use of PMS-level programming in computation-intensive, real-time applications, e.g., vision, robotics, and vehicular control, that require efficient concurrent execution of multiple tasks, e.g., sensor data collection, obstacle recognition, and global path planning, devoted to specific pieces of the application. At CMU we are developing languages and tools for this new style of programming, and in this paper we describe their status.
Data Clustering and Prediction for Fault Detection and Diagnostics

The characterization of a data cluster representing a certain process behavior is achieved by developing steady-state nonlinear modeling of one or more critical signals as a function of other process variables in the system. This prediction model is used to detect either sensor maloperation or process anomaly by comparing the prediction and measurement of the same variable. A large database from a process control system can be grouped using clustering algorithms. Automated generation of prediction models are applied to an industrial process to study the performance of this database management approach.
A Low-Complexity Sliding-Window Kalman FIR Smoother for Discrete-Time Models

The information filter is a form of the Kalman filter that, in many of its realizations, allows optimal, unbiased, recursive state estimation without an initial state estimate. We review a number of forms of the information filter. We then derive the coefficients for the sliding-window Kalman finite impulse response (FIR) smoother (also known as a receding or moving horizon Kalman FIR smoother) starting from the equations for the information filter. The resulting FIR smoother has a simple, recursive form for calculating the coefficients, allowing them to be calculated with O(N) complexity versus the O(N 2) to O(N 3) complexity of previous approaches, where N is the length of the batch. It also allows for a control input, something not present in previous algorithms. This method is only limited in the assumption that the state transition matrix is invertible, which, however, is satisfied in most practical problems.
Identifying and distinguishing cases of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease using ICD‐9 CM codes and pharmacy data

Administrative databases have the potential to assess quality and cost of care for parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. However, the validity of findings is limited by our understanding of how cases are identified. Patient records listing International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) codes for parkinsonism (n = 2,076) and dopaminergic medications (n = 2,798) were pulled from fiscal years 1999 to 2001 for patients in the Pacific Northwest Veterans Administration. Samples of these records (n = 397) and records without these ICD-9 CM codes (n = 500) were reviewed, and clinical data were extracted. The accuracy of administrative data to identify and distinguish between Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism was calculated. A total of 37.9% of parkinsonism cases were detected using pharmacy data and ICD-9 CM codes compared to 18.7% by using ICD-9 CM codes alone. The ICD-9 CM code for paralysis agitans (332.0) did not distinguish between probable Parkinson's disease and other causes of parkinsonism, whereas the ICD-9 CM code for degenerative basal ganglia disorder (333.0) predicted having secondary parkinsonism (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0) as well as dopa-responsiveness in patients without secondary parkinsonism (OR = 4.5). Administrative data are limited in the ability to identify parkinsonism. The ICD-9 CM code, 332.0, which is generally considered the code to identify Parkinson's disease, did not distinguish between parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease.
Assessing undiscovered fish biodiversity on deep coral reefs using advanced self-contained diving technology

Due primarily to limitations of existing technology, deep (60-150 m) coral reefs have remained largely unexplored. In 1989 I began developing the use of mixed-gas SCUBA and other technical' diving techniques as a tool for ichthyological investigation of coral reefs at depths of 60-150 m, and have since conducted initial exploratory expeditions to the Cook Islands, Papua New Guinea, and the Palau Islands. These expeditions yielded over 200 fish specimens, comprising more than 100 species representing 20 different families. Among these are more than fifty new species, three-quarters of which belong to the families Labridae, Gobiidae, and Serranidae, and the rest are among 9 other families. The number of new species within each family parallels that of the overall deep-reef species assemblage, except for Apogonidae with a total of 7 collected species, none of which were new. Analysis of specimens and videotape surveys of the ichthyofauna at one 90-m site in Palau suggests that as many as 70% of the species inhabiting this depth are undescribed. New species assemblages on deep reefs show comparatively low distributional overlap (both between different island groups, and between sites within each island group), suggesting higher rates of geographic endemism than for shallow-reef assemblages. Based on these and other observed patterns, conservative extrapolations suggest as many as 2,000 or more coral-reef fish species await discovery on deep coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific.
Nodes, Branches, and Phylogenetic Definitions

Correspondence to be sent to: Division of Amphibians & Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, NHB,WG-7, MRC 162, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; E-mail: dequeirozk@si.eduReceived 5 January 2013; reviews returned 21 February 2013; accepted 16 April 2013Associate Editor: Frank (Andy) Anderson
Applying electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of fouling in protein ultrafiltration

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR > spectroscopy has been investigated as a method for exploring the transient development of fouling in single protein UItra~~tration and as a potential method to determine proteinmembrane interaction. Preliminary research showed that EPR was an ideal method for analyzing short-time solute uptake in ultra~ltrat~~n. Studies were performed using spin-labeled BSA (65,000 Da ) in solutions of pH 5 OF 7, and a total salt eQncentration of O-05 or 0,15 M. P~lysulf~ne membranes of ~O~,OOO MWCO were used. The results showed that a substantial amount of protein uptake by the membrane occurred within the first few minutes of ultrafiltration. This implies that pore plugging is a significant step in the overall irreversible adsorption of proteins on and within membranes. Double spin-labeled lysozyme ( I5,OOO Da) was uhrafiitered with 10,000 and 30,000 MWCO polysulfone membranes and the EPR spectra were analyzed. The results showed that the proteins on the membrane surface may have a different conformation than the proteins trapped and lodged in the membrane pores. Preliminary analysis indicates that the proteins within the pores may be more compressed than those on the surface. The resulting spectra did not represent conformations observed for highly constricted proteins or denatured proteins. Kqvwords: Fouling; Ultrafiltration; Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; Protein separation
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Yucca brevifolia (Agavaceae) and cross-amplification in related species

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite primers were characterized in Yucca brevifolia for use in population genetic studies and, particularly, analyses of gene flow between varieties. METHODS AND RESULTS We characterized 12 microsatellite loci polymorphic in Yucca brevifolia by screening primers that were developed using an SSR-enriched library or which were previously described in Yucca filamentosa. Genetic analysis of four populations resulted in the mean number of alleles per locus ranging from 10.25 to 14.58 and mean expected heterozygosity from 0.78 to 0.88. Cross-amplification of all 12 loci was attempted in six additional yucca species. CONCLUSIONS These loci should prove useful for population genetic research in Yucca brevifolia, and cross-amplification of these loci in related species suggests that they may be useful in studies of hybridization and introgression between species.
Social networking 2.0

In this paper we describe the development of a platform that enables us to systematically study online social networks alongside their real-world counterparts. Our system, entitled Cityware, merges users' online social data, made available through Facebook, with mobility traces captured via Bluetooth scanning. Furthermore, our system is constantly growing, since it enables users to contribute their own mobility traces. In addition to describing Cityware's architecture, we discuss the type of data we are collecting, and the analyses we intend to carry out.
Natural Commercial Centers: Regeneration Opportunities and Urban Challenges

In the history of European cities, public spaces always played a pivotal role, representing key places for developing social interactions and for enhancing the sense of community. Squares, commercial streets, market places as well as traditional retail and art-and-crafts areas can be considered the core of the city. The social, economic and demographic crisis and the loss of cultural identity has affected the capacity of attraction of local small retailers, giving the floor to the aggressive strategies of suburban shopping malls, centers, arcades or precinct, forming a complex of shops, movie theaters, restaurants and food courts with interconnecting walkways [. Typical expressions of a globalized economy, the different categories of suburban shopping mall have transformed behaviors and paths at a large scale [. One consequences can be identified in the loss of traditional commercial activities within the city centre, producing a situation of urban decline, mirrored by the impoverishment of public spaces [[. This paper suggests that, by activating the existing cultural and socio-economic capital it is possible to undertake a successful regeneration process based on a participative approach and on public and private integrated tools. By focussing on the experience of the Centri Commerciali Naturali (Natural Commercial Centres) established in Italy as partnership between Municipalities, cultural operators, public services providers and associations of shops owners to exploit the commercial activities in the historical centers the ongoing research is oriented to explore successful experiences of private-public partnership to be implemented in a regeneration process of areas traditionally dedicated to retail and art-and-craft small enterprises. The paper discusses the potentiality and the criticism of the NCC as engine for the redevelopment and regeneration of the inner city abandoned retail areas. In so doing, the experience developed in Campania (Southern Italy) will be analyzed in order to show how the activation of the social capital within the framework of the CCN could contribute in renovating the traditional commercial identity of the area, supporting the public spaces regeneration process. This paper aspires to offer useful insights to all those policy makers, city managers and planners who seek to revitalise traditional market areas in European city centres.
American College of Preventive Medicine Practice Policy Statement. Screening for elevated blood lead levels in children.

Abstract: Based on a review of the current literature and recommendations, the American College of Preventive Medicine presents a practice policy statement on screening for elevated blood lead levels in children.
Social Mobility, Status Inconsistency and Partisan Realignment in the United States

Inconsistenicy between an achieved and an ascribed status is more likely to lead to Democratic party preference than is inconsistency betweeni two achieved statuses. Because members of the present generationi are more likely to attain their occupations through achievement than were their fathers, intergenerationial mobility in many cases leads to achievement-ascription inconsistencies. Our data show that both the upwardly mobile and the downwardly mobile are likely to support the Democratic party, thus helping to explain part of the partisan realignment in the United States favoring that party. B ased upon the Marxian assumllption that the middle class is allied with the party of the right wlhile the working class is allied with the party of the left, a large amiount of research has been directed at measuring the level of "class votinig" in Westerni democracies.1 In recent years, the relationship between occupation and party choice has beeii declining in the United States.2 At all occupational levels, there seemiis to have been a shift in favor of the Democratic party.3 Converse has suggested that variations in the relationship between status and political variables can in part be accounted for by the balance between foreign and domestic policy considerations.4 We feel that more basic structural challges in Americaln society illust be considered, for the pattern seems to be one of long-term trends, ratlher than short-termi variations. Particularly, the notionl that Republicanism is the "normal" preference of the imiiddle class mllust be reevaluated.
Design and implementation of a novel three dimensional CMOS low noise amplifier with transmission lines on parylene-N

A three dimensional low noise amplifier using post-processed transmission lines on a 130nm CMOS technology is presented. A 15µm thick low-k and low-loss Parylene-N layer is used to elevate transmission lines from the lossy Si substrate. This reduces the attenuation per unit length of the transmission lines by about 60%, while preserves CMOS chip area (in this specific design) by approximately 25% that is otherwise dedicated to these lines. The 3D amplifier measures a gain of 13dB at 2GHz with 3dB bandwidth of 500MHz, noise figure of 3.3dB and output 1dB compression point of +4.6dBm. With a simple room temperature CMOS compatible post-fabrication process, smaller chips with better performances are achieved. It is also shown that accurate simulation of a 3D circuit is attained by considering various parasitic effects that exist in this type of implementation.