cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Pilot-Scale Continuous Production of an LY2886721 Starting Material by Packed-Bed Hydrogenolysis

The design, development, and implementation of a pilot-scale continuous hydrogenolysis in a catalytic packed bed to generate a starting material is described. Control of a critical defluorination impurity under the reaction conditions has been achieved by reducing residence time inside the catalyst bed to 15–30 min. A reactor volume throughput of 206 kg/h·m3 was attained in a 3 L reactor (1.5 kg of 5% Pd/C catalyst) over a 9 h demonstration period, superior to the 1.3 kg/h·m3 volume throughput obtained in batch. The reaction was successfully scaled up from 9 g/h to 550 g/h in packed beds ranging from 20 to 1500 g catalyst, demonstrating heat/mass transfer sufficiency at all examined scales. The process was monitored by online HPLC, providing real-time reaction information, using an internally developed automation cart coupled to a standard HPLC. Significant technical and business drivers for running the process in continuous flow mode were proposed and examined during development, demonstrating superior c...
0198 Lung Cancer Risk among Minnesota Taconite Mining Workers

Objectives The mining and processing of taconite results in exposures to non-asbestiform amphibole and non-amphibole minerals. Previous studies have shown that taconite mining workers are at an increased risk for developing lung cancer and mesothelioma and duration of employment has been shown to contribute to the risk of mesothelioma incidence. The objective of this analysis is to examine the relationship between duration of employment and lung cancer among Minnesota taconite workers. Method Among a cohort of 44 243 taconite workers, 1721 cases of lung cancer were identified and matched by five-year age interval to two controls. Total duration of employment was abstracted from individual work records. Results Among the 5159 workers included in the analysis, 55% worked less than one year and 15% worked 1–5 years, 5–15 years and more than 15 years. The mean duration of employment among cases and controls was 6.7 and 7.2 years respectively. A conditional logistic regression analysis did not show an increased risk for development of lung cancer among those who worked 1–5 years (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.38), 5–15 years (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.11), and more than 15 years (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.08) as compared to those who worked less than one year. Conclusions Risk for development of lung cancer does not appear to be associated with duration of employment in the taconite industry. Future analyses will explore specific exposures to airborne particulates, including silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles, in this population.
Online and Software Licensing Agreements User Beliefs and Expectations of Risks

The present study examines individuals’ reported awareness of risk associated with online licensing agreements including whether it is safe to agree to them. Attributions and associated user behaviors are assessed. Results indicate that most users report that they do not read any of the online agreements presented to them and others report reading only portions of them. Despite this, users click “OK” to terms that they do not know, yet can do little about, if they want to use online applications and software. Other beliefs associated with accepting licensing agreements are described. Implications for people’s interactions with online licensing agreements and the perceived risks associated with them are provided.
Searching for Affordability and Opportunity: A Framework for the Housing Choice Voucher Program

AbstractAffordability, a key factor in the housing search process, becomes critical when locating rental housing in opportunity-rich areas. The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program accommodates low-income households searching for housing and encourages recipients to reside in low-poverty areas. Affordable neighborhoods that are accessible to public transportation are often found in distressed areas, and not all HCV recipients succeed in locating qualified housing. To address these challenges, a housing search framework is developed to assist HCV households in the housing search process. This framework builds on the methodology of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for the Location Affordability Index and Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing assessment tool by creating multivariate indices that incorporate housing supply, accessibility to opportunity, and neighborhood conditions. The framework serves as a foundation for an online housing search application for public housing author...
Detection and molecular typing of pathogens in a bacillary dysentery outbreak

Objective:To analyze the antibiotic resistance,biochemical characteristics and virulence genes′ carrying rate of the Shigella sonnei strains from a bacillary dysentery outbreak.Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) to get the molecular typing and to analyze the genetic correlation between the strains.Methods: K-B method was used to analyze the antibiotic resistance of the six strains isolated from the outbreak.PCR was used to detect the carrying rate of four virulence genes.The strains were digested by XbaI and the molecular typing were detected by PFGE.The cluster analysis of the results was done by using UPGMA of the BioNumerics software to detect the homology between the six strains.Results: The six strains were all sensitive to norfloxacin,cefotaxime,cefalotin and amoxicillin,and resistant to ampicillin,gentamicin and nalidixic acid.All the strains carried gene ipaH and but not gene set1.Five strains carried gene ial and three strains carried gene sen.The six XbaI digested strains produced the same pattern and the coefficient of similarity was ≥97.6%.Conclusion: Shigella sonnei was the major pathogen which caused the bacillary dysentery outbreak.The strains were multiple drug resistant and all had virulence genes.The genetic relationship between the strains was close,and the strains were from the same clone.
The cytotoxicities of anti CD 3 monoclonal antibody activated killer cells against human multidrug resistant leukemic cell lines

Objective To study the cytotoxicities of the killer cells to human multidrug resistant (MDR) leukemic cell lines Methods (1) The sensitivities of two MDR cell lines (K562/VCR and K562/HHT) reacted to vincristine (VCR), high harringtonine (HHT) and daunorubicin (DNR) were examined by MTT assay (2) For induction of effector cells, 50 ng/ml of CD 3 monoclonal antibody (CD 3 McAb) and 50 U/ml of IL 2 were selected as the optimal condition for the induction of CD 3McAb activated killer cells (CD 3AK cells); 400 U/ml of IL 2 was used for the generation of lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK cells) (3)Proliferations of the effector cells were determined by 3H TdR uptake assay (4) Cytotoxicities of the killer cells to K562 as well as the two MDR cell lines of K562 were determined by 3H thymidine ( 3H TdR) release assay Results (1) The multi drug resistance consistently existed in both cell lines of K562/VCR and K562/HHT thawed after freezing and cultured for 1～2 months with drug free medium (2) CD 3AK +/- and LAK cells were successfully induced (3) The proliferation of CD 3AK + cells was much stronger than that of LAK cells The cytolysis of K562 cells by CD 3AK + cells was higher than that of CD 3AK - and LAK cells The duration of the cytolytic activity of CD 3AK + cells was longer than that of the LAK cells (4) The hilling activing of CD 3AK + cells showed significantly higher to K562/VCR cells than to K562 cells, while there was no difference of cytotoxicity between K562 /HHT and K562 cells No significant difference was found in LAK mediated cell killing either to K562/VCR and K562 /HHT cells or to K562 cells The cell mediated killing of K562/VCR cells by CD 3AK + cells was significantly higher than that by LAK cells Conclusion CD 3AK + cells might be used as effector cells in adoptive immunotherapy of drug resistant leukemic patients
Predictors of longitudinal change in sleep-disordered breathing in a nonclinic population.

Study Objectives: To quantify and identify the determinants of the 5-year change in the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Design: Longitudinal cohort study (Cleveland Family Study). Multivariate analyses were used to quantify baseline RDI and RDI change. Setting: Community-based study. Participants: 486 cohort members (62% from families of probands with sleep-disordered breathing [SDB])-mean age 31.6 ± 17.9 (SD) years, 60% female, 21% Black ethnicity-who underwent 2 assessments over 5.3 ± 0.9 (SD) years. Interventions: NA Measurements: The RDI was measured twice over approximately 5 years with in-home monitoring. Symptoms and medical histories were obtained from standardized questionnaires, and weight, height, and blood pressure were measured. Results: The prevalence of SDB (defined by a RDI ≥ 15), increased from 13.7% to 23.4% (P<0.01) in men and from 8.3% to 11.4% (P=0.13) in females. Baseline and follow-up mean RDIs were 6.0±10.0 and 8.6±14.3; both were higher in older individuals, in men, and in those with a higher body mass index. Median 5-year change in RDI varied nonlinearly with age (-0.1, 1.1, 2.3, and 0.9, for those <18, 19-40, 41-54, and ≥ 55 years, respectively) and obesity (2.8 vs -0.1, for the top versus lowest body mass index quartile). The effects of changing weight and aging varied in population subgroups. At any given age and weight, the RDI increased less in women. Conclusions: Longitudinal change in the RDI varies nonuniformly with age, sex, and weight. Older heavier men may experience the highest rate of increase in RDI over time and, thus, may benefit most from prospective monitoring.
Type A and Type B Alcoholism: Applicability Across Subpopulations and Treatment Settings

Babor's classification of alcoholism uses multiple characteristics to assign subjects to two categories, called type A and type B. Type B alcoholism appears to be consistently more severe than type A. Research findings are reviewed that support the usefulness of Babor's typology for different drugs of abuse, clinical settings, gender, and race.
Stump and phantom limb pain.

Recent literature shows that phantom and stump pain have closely related physiologic mechanisms and that treatments frequently overlap. Decreased blood flow in the residual limb is related to burning and tingling phantom and stump pain, whereas spasms in major muscles of the residual limb precede cramping phantom and stump pain. There is little support for psychological mechanisms underlying the vast majority of chronic phantom and stump pain problems; these mechanisms can exacerbate both acute and chronic pain problems. Most traditional treatments for phantom pain are not effective for more than a few months. Recommended treatments are related to underlying mechanisms and include use of peripheral vasodilators, muscle relaxants, and biofeedback.
The Politics of the Nazi Past in Germany and Austria: The Victim Culture

Sixty years after the end of the Second World War, the Nazi past has become a salient and divisive issue in Austrian politics. In May 2002, political parties debated the meaning of May 8th and proponents of diverging historical interpretations clashed in the streets of Vienna. Several weeks earlier, members of the Austrian People's Party (OVP) and the Austrian Freedom Party (FPO) had condemned the revised edition of the Wehrmachtsausstellung , while Green and Social Democratic (SPO) politicians delivered opening speeches praising it. In November 2000, Chancellor Wolfgang Schussel (OVP) and the head of the Green Party, Alexander Van der Bellen, publicly sparred over whether Austria was primarily a victim, as Schussel claimed, or a perpetrator during the Second World War. Since the formation of the OVP-FPO coalition in February 2000, the battle lines in these and other historical debates have been clearly drawn, pitting the right (the FPO, the OVP, and the conservative press) against the left (the Greens, the SPO, and the liberal press), and members of all parties regularly accuse their opponents of using history for partisan political gain. The current polarization of Austrian historical consciousness is surprising given the elite consensus, which held for over four decades, that Austria was Hitler's first victim. To paraphrase an old joke, “the Austrians succeeded in convincing themselves and the world that Beethoven was an Austrian and Hitler was a German.” The Holocaust was Germany's problem.
Apocalipsis, evento y utopía Badiou y Žižek a través de la ficción

Nuestro estudio trata de analizar el concepto de Apocalipsis y de acontecimientoen la filosofia contemporanea y a traves de la ficcion audiovisual. Para ello,utilizamos las propuestas de Alain Badiou, Slavoj Žižek y el psicoanalisis, juntocon referencias cinematograficas como Los pasajeros del tiempo (Escape alfuturo) o Peggy Sue se caso, y series de television como Flashforward oPerdidos.
Optimal use of Na2CO3 buffer for enhanced autotrophic growth of Nannochloris sp. and CO2 bioremediation

Abstract In this study, the potential applicability of the modified Shuisheng-4 culture medium with Na2CO3 buffer for CO2(g) capture and the resultant CO2-rich solution was investigated for the autotrophic growth of Nannochloris sp. Na2CO3 solution after absorbing CO2(g) controlled at pH ∼7–8 contains high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC = HCO3− + CO2(aq)) concentration in water applicable to both open and closed systems and the pH is suitable for the growth. High DIC concentration was also found to enhance the autotrophic growth rate when the Na+ concentration is ∼
Advantages of conical pores for ion pumps

Nanofabricated synthetic channels have been able to mimic the transport properties of their biological counterparts. But it is still nontrivial to make artificial ion pumps. Recent research on conical pores with charged surfaces has demonstrated significant ionic current rectification, which suggests the possibility of employing conical pores for pumping ions. In this work, salt pumping through conical pores driven by an external potential is studied including a consideration of both static and dynamic surface charges. Because of asymmetry of the structure and a charged inner surface, even conical pores with static surface charges are able to selectively pump ions whose charge is opposite the surface charge. Consequently, a mixture of both negatively and positively charged conical pores is able to pump salt (both cations and anions) with an oscillating external potential. Moreover, if the surface charge can be controlled dynamically, more efficient salt pumping can be achieved and the pumping flux is seve...
DIFFERENTIAL INTERACTIONS OF DYNORPHIN(1–13), β-ENDORPHIN, AND ENKEPHALIN-RELATED PEPTIDES AT μ AND δ SITES IN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS

Dynorphin-(1–13) shows a selective preference for 3H-morphine-labeled binding sites over those labeled by 3H-[D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin (DADLE)
Structural Analysis of Tau Peptide Interactions with Lipid Membranes using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Alzheimer's disease is a common form of dementia that is characterized by the formation of neurofibrillary tangles formed by the protein tau. The neurofibrillary tangles are formed when tau protein delocalizes from the microtubule binding domain and misfolds. This misfolding occurs primarily at four repeat segments: R1, R2, R3, and R4. Previous studies indicate that lipid membranes may be involved during this aggregation; particularly those with negative charge were shown to localize the aggregates of tau. In this study, we analyzed the four repeat segments using FTIR spectroscopy to monitor structural changes under various membrane conditions to investigate this phenomenon. The Amide I peak was used as a proxy for secondary structure in the presence of neutral DOPC lipid vesicles (a model of the plasma membrane) and negatively charged DOPC/DOPG (80:20) lipid vesicles (a model of the Golgi membrane). We show that the repeat segments are largely random coil in aqueous solution and that the introduction of negatively charged vesicles increases β-sheet and α-helix secondary structure by up to 50%. On the other hand, neutral membranes induced secondary structure changes by up to 20%. Further studies that correlate the aggregation rate of these peptides under these conditions will be presented. Taken together, these data suggest that tau mislocalization to different compartments may expose the repeat segments to membranes that increase the propensity for misfolding and subsequent aggregation.
Human Contrast Acuity Variability.

ABSTRACTBackground: Army vision standards have varied little from Aviation's nominal birth. On the basis of classic Snellen acuity, we simply cannot predict threshold skill levels of any one individual(s). A growing number of Army Flight Surgeons, clinicians, and vision scientists have argued for the inclusion of contrast acuity metrics within flight physical standards. Methods: Previous monitoring of operational contact lens utility in 223 Apache pilots, visual acuity data were gathered under two conditions: high illuminance; low illuminance combined with low contrast. Spectacle, contact lens, and aging influences were evaluated. Results: The high-contrast Snellen acuities clustered at 20/15 and 20/20. Low-contrast acuities stretched from 20/25 to 20/125. LogMAR analysis highlighted statistical significance between the two acuity sets (p < 0.001) to an unanticipated data spread. The known underlying mechanisms possibly related to this effect are poorly documented; all such variables collectively explain ...
Application of Computational Thermodynamics to the Design of a Co-Ni-Based γ′-Strengthened Superalloy

A currently available commercial Calphad thermodynamic database was utilized to investigate its applicability to alloy design in the new class of Co-Ni-based γ′-strengthened high-temperature alloys. A simple primary design criterion was chosen: maximize the γ′ solvus temperature in the six-component Co-Ni-Al-Ti-W-Ta system while ensuring no formation of secondary, potentially deleterious phases. Secondary design considerations included the effects of alloying elements on equilibrium γ′ volume fraction and on solidus and liquidus temperatures. The identified composition, Co-30Ni-9Al-3Ti-7W-2Ta-0.1B (expressed in mole percent), representing a conservative estimate of the maximum allowable concentrations of alloying additions Al, Ti, W, and Ta, was subsequently produced and characterized. The experimentally measured γ′ solvus temperature of the new alloy was 1491 ± 3 K (1218 ± 3 °C), about 35 K (35 °C) above any previously reported two-phase γ−γ′ Co-(Ni)-based alloy. No secondary phases were observed in the alloy after annealing at temperatures between 1173 K and 1473 K (900 °C and 1200 °C). Additional alloy compositions with experimentally measured γ′ solvus temperatures in excess of 1533 K (1260 °C) were also identified employing the same basic approach. The efficacy of currently available thermodynamic databases in their application to Co-based γ′-strengthened superalloy development is discussed, including expanding design efforts to include additional alloying elements, as well as specific areas for improvement of future databases.
Estimation of transient heat transfer and fluid flow for alloy solidification in a rectangular cavity with an isothermal sidewall

Transient scaling and integral analyses were performed to predict trends in alloy solidification in a rectangular cavity cooled by an isothermal sidewall. The natural convection fluid flow was approximated by a scaling analysis for a laminar boundary layer at the solidification front, and was coupled to scaling and integral analyses of the energy equation to predict the solidification behaviour of the system. These analyses predicted several relevant aspects of the solidification process, including the time required to extinguish the initial superheat and the maximum local solidification time as a function of the system parameters and material properties. These results were verified by comparison to numerical simulations for an Al–4.5 wt% Cu alloy for various initial and boundary conditions and cavity aspect ratios. The analysis was compared to previous attempts to analyse similar fluid flow and solidification processes, and the limitations of the assumptions used for this analysis were discussed.
FOLIAR VENATION STUDIES IN SOUTH INDIAN SPECIES OF IPOMOEA LINN.

The minor venation pattern in certain species provides taxonomic and evolutionary clues. Foliar venation patterns act as device for the identification of various species In the present investigation minor leaf venation pattern of 16 South Indian species of Ipomoea were studied. The study reveals that the Ipomoea species shows simple, linear curved, once, twice and thrice branched minor leaf venation with polygonal leaf areole. Size of the leaf areole is concerned highest length and breadth is reported in I. coptica.
Flourishing, Sports, and Doping: A Confucian Virtue-Ethical Meditation

In most sports ethics, doping is addressed from a deontological or consequentialist perspective. It is suggested here that a virtue-ethical analysis informed by Confucianism can capture intuitions about the need to cultivate flourishing in sports. Specifically, it is argued that the Confucian virtues of zhong 忠 and shu 恕, necessary for Confucian ren 仁, can help us to articulate an account of flourishing in sports. As each Confucian virtue is articulated and then applied to sports, consideration is given to how it will alter the approach to doping as an ethical issue.
Fatty acid methyl ester production via ferric sulfate catalyzed interesterification

Abstract While biodiesel production is on the rise, so too is the production of the low-value product, glycerol. Interesterification is an alternative reaction that produces fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and avoids the production of glycerol. In this work, ferric sulfate is used as a potential heterogeneous catalyst for interesterification of model triglyceride, triolein, using methyl acetate. Reaction conditions were optimized by varying reaction temperature, methyl acetate to oil mole ratio (MAOMR), catalyst loading, as well as FAME as co-solvents. Additionally, this work also evaluated the effect of typical triglyceride feedstock contaminants, water and free fatty acids (FFA). The optimal reaction conditions were found to be 120 °C, 20:1 MAOMR and a mass loading of 7.5% ferric sulfate with yields up to 83%. The addition of FAME and water in the system is shown to have potential benefits on reaction rate and yield while FFA addition had mildly negative impacts on initial reaction rate. The results in this work show relatively high yields at mild temperatures and reagents loadings and could be a promising means of alternative FAME production.
Scholars, Teachers, Practitioners, and Students: Learning by Fishing, Storytelling, and Appreciative Inquiry

AbstractLearning within the public affairs community can be improved by focusing on the medium and frame, as well as on the message. Stories, plays, videos, and other art forms offer media through ...
Rorschach-in-Action: Some Further Observations on the Semiotic Summons in Police-Citizen Encounters

The police are one of the mostauthoritative and visible agents of thecriminal law; yet, they have often beenconceptualized in an ``unofficial'' way, aspseudo-parental figures, counselors, andmediators – and as inkblots that evoke a widerange of reactions from citizens, from anxietyand rage to fear. Explanations for these typesof reactions have been overly impressionistic,speculative, and psychological. In this note, Iconsider the notion of the police as``Rorschach-in-uniform.'' By using data fromroutine traffic stops, I demonstrate how thesummons/answer sequence that is commonly foundin social and bureaucratic encounters isreduced and adapted to meet the situationalrelevancies of police work. I argue that it isthrough the semiotic summons that the Rorschachis given a practical embodiment.
The effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on lean carcass yields and pork quality characteristics.

One hundred eighty barrows were evaluated to determine the effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) on lean carcass yields and pork quality. The pens were blocked by weight (six pens per block) with starting block weights of 69.0, 70.7, 73.8, 76.6, 78.4, and 84.3 kg. Pens within a block were assigned randomly to one of three RAC treatments so each treatment in a block was replicated twice. Treatments (as-fed basis) included control diet, 10 ppm of RAC added (R10), and 20 ppm of RAC added (R20) and ranged from 25 to 41 d depending on block. Pigs were slaughtered by blocks when block average live weights were 109 kg. Gain and feed efficiency were improved (P 0.05). Dressing percentage was higher (P 0.05) among treatments. Carcass weights were heavier (P 0.05) among dietary treatments. Trained sensory evaluation panel results for tenderness decreased in a low-dose plateau response fashion for nonenhanced chops (P = 0.004). Tenderness of enhanced chops decreased linearly (P = 0.04) with increasing RAC concentrations. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in juiciness or flavor of enhanced or nonenhanced chops. Feeding RAC to late-finishing swine resulted in faster growing, more efficient animals with increased boneless subprimal yields, and it had little effect on pork juiciness and flavor.
Psychosocial Antecedents of Unprotected Sex by Drug-Using Men and Women

Using the AIDS risk reduction model as a conceptual framework, we conducted a multivariate prospective test of psychosocial antecedents of unprotected sex by 155 female and 134 male heterosexual injection drug users. For both women and men, stronger intentions to use condoms predicted subsequent reductions in unprotected sex. For women, but not men, higher perceived self-efficacy also led to reductions in unprotected sex. These results suggest that explicit formation of risk-reduction intentions is an important antecedent to sexual behavior change by drug users of either gender and that change by drug-using women is also influenced by their perceived control over sexual risk-taking.
Color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets for multiplexed ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging

Laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are an emerging class of phase change, dual-contrast agents that can be utilized in ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Through the ability to differentiate subpopulations of nanodroplets via laser activation at different wavelengths of near-infrared light, optically-triggered color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets present themselves as an attractive tool for multiplexed ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. In particular, laser-activated droplets can be used to provide quantitative spatiotemporal information regarding distinct biological targets, allowing for their potential use in a wide range of diagnos tic and therapeutic applications. In the work presented, laser-activated color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are synthesized to selectively respond to laser irradiation at corresponding wavelengths. The dynamic ultrasound and photoacoustic signals produced by laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are evaluated in situ prior to implementation in a murine model. In vivo, these particles are used to distinguish unique particle trafficking mechanisms and are shown to provide ultrasound and photoacoustic contrast for up to 72 hours within lymphatics. Overall, the conducted studies show that laser-activated color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are a promising agent for multiplexed ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.
Wildlife value orientations and their relationships with mid-size predator management

ABSTRACTWildlife managers can use wildlife value orientations (WVOs) to help predict public acceptance of management actions. However, WVOs may only be effective if they have high predictive value ...
Development and Maldevelopment of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive tract has its embryological origins in the paired Mullerian ducts and their fusion to each other and the urogenital sinus. The Mullerian ducts give rise to the oviducts, uterus, and cervix, while the urogenital sinus forms the vagina and external genitalia. Primordial germ cells formed near the yolk sac migrate to colonize the gonadal ridge, where in females interactions between germ and somatic cells coalesce to create the functional ovarian units known as follicles.
Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy

Abstract Pregnancy affects the thyroid gland and its function in many ways because of the influences of hormones. Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy, and in the postpartum period, is complicated. However, knowledge about the interaction between pregnancy and the thyroid gland has vastly improved overtime. Because of this interaction, laboratory tests of thyroid function must be interpreted very carefully. Thyroid function tests change as gestation continues, mostly from the influence of human chorionic gonadotropin and estrogen, which is the primary female hormone. The thyroid is functioning normally if all hormones are normal throughout pregnancy. For the first part of pregnancy the fetus is totally dependent on the mother for the production of thyroid hormone. The World Health Organization recommends iodine intake of 200 μg/day while pregnant, in order to maintain adequate thyroid hormone function. The most common forms of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy include thyrotoxicosis, Graves’ disease, subclinical hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, silent lymphocytic thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer.
Aerial Experimentation and Research Platform for Mobile Communications and Computing

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) released its first 5G specifications in December 2017. 3GPP Release 15 defines a new radio access network, new security architecture, services and applications, among others. These specifications will be refined with new releases that will include enhancements to cellular vehicular to everything (C-V2X), first introduced in LTE in Release 14, as well as the integration of unmanned aerial systems (UASs). This paper proposes a city-scale R&D platform enabling advanced mobile communications and computing experiments with 5G technology and UASs. The large-scale testbed is proposed by an academic-industry consortium to serve the needs of researchers, developers, practitioners, regulators, and educators, among others. We present the unique aspects of this platform, its architecture and user services, for enabling experiments in controlled, yet production-like environments. Sample research projects, including 5G security and distributed wireless and computing resource management, indicate the broad R&D scope and the impact that such platform can have on technology evolution, regulation, standardization and new computing and communications services.
What Great Teachers Do Differently: Nineteen Things That Matter Most

What are the beliefs and behaviors that set great teachers apart? In this internationally renowned bestseller, Todd Whitaker reveals 19 keys to becoming more effective in the classroom. This essential third edition features new sections on why it’s about more than relationships, how to focus on a consistent, engaging learning environment, and the importance of choosing the right mode—business, parent, child—to improve your classroom management. Perfect for educators at any level of experience, for independent reading or for schoolwide book studies, this practical book will leave you feeling inspired and ready to do the things that matter most for the people who matter most—your students.
Chronic stress and asthma in adolescents.

Abstract Objective First, to review and critically discuss published evidence on psychosocial stressors, stress, and asthma in adolescents and, then, discuss potential future directions in this field. Data Sources The data source is the National Library of Medicine (PubMed database). Study Selections A literature search was conducted for human studies on stressors or stress and asthma between 2000 and 2020. Studies that were published in English, contained a full text, and included adolescents were considered for inclusion in this review. Results Compared with the available body of evidence in children and adults, relatively few studies have been published in adolescents. Current evidence suggests that exposure to stressors (at the individual, family, and community levels) or stress (acute and chronic) is associated with asthma and worse asthma outcomes, but such evidence must be cautiously interpreted owing to limitations in the design or the analytical approach of the published studies. Conclusion Future large studies with a prospective design should determine whether and how stressors or stress causes or worsens asthma in adolescents. At present, clinicians should assess exposure to stressors (eg, violence or abuse) and screen for anxiety and depressive disorders when caring for adolescents with asthma in addition to providing referrals to social workers or mental health professionals when appropriate. Public health policies are needed to reduce psychosocial stressors, such as gun violence and racism, in adolescents.
Abstract PS16-23: Elucidating the role of APC resulting in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer

Chemoresistance is a leading cause of breast cancer related deaths. Therefore, understanding the molecularbasis for chemoresistance is essential for novel therapeutic advancement improving patient outcome. TheAdenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor is lost in up to 70% of sporadic breast cancer; however,little is known about how APC loss contributes to chemoresistance. Using mammary tumor cells isolated fromthe Apc Min/+ mouse crossed to the Polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) transgenic model, we werethe first to show that APC loss decreased doxorubicin (DOX) induced apoptosis. Therefore, we investigatedthe mechanisms contributing to DOX resistance with APC loss to identify combination therapy options. DOX, acommonly used chemotherapeutic in breast cancer, inhibits topoisomerase IIa (Topo IIa), causing doublestranded breaks (DSBs), the most lethal form of DNA damage, and APC has been shown to affect Topo IIaactivity. DSB repair is mediated through HRR (homologous recombination repair) or NHEJ (nonhomologousend joining), which are regulated by the repair serine/threonine kinases: ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)or ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), but only NHEJ activates DNA-dependent protein kinase(DNA-PK). We hypothesized that APC loss prevents DOX-mediated apoptosis through alterations in HRR andNHEJ. To investigate the effect of APC loss on DNA damage repair pathways, we monitored damagerecognition pathways after 24-hour DOX treatment. The MMTV-PyMT;Apc Min/+ cells exhibited decreaseddamage as measured by γH2AX expression and comet assay. We also observed decreased ATMphosphorylation in MMTV-PyMT;Apc Min/+ following DOX treatment compared to control. Decreasedphosphorylation of Chk1 and Chk2 was also observed in DOX-treated MMTV-PyMT;Apc Min/+ cells. Using theATM inhibitor (KU55933) or the DNA-PK inhibitor (NU7441), we observed increased DOX-induced apoptosis inMMTV-PyMT;Apc Min/+ cells. These data suggest enhanced DNA repair in MMTV-PyMT;Apc Min/+ cells and will beconfirmed by measuring repair efficiency via reporter plasmids. In addition, knowing that APC affects activitiesby Topo IIa, we measured the amount of Topo IIa: DNA cleavage complexes following DOX treatment.Taken together, APC loss mediates DOX resistance via increasing DNA repair demonstrating the potential useof combination therapy to overcome chemoresistance. Citation Format: Jeni Prosperi, Casey Stefanski. Elucidating the role of APC resulting in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS16-23.
A central limit theorem for the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery proportion under a factor model

The Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure remains widely popular despite having limited theoretical guarantees in the commonly encountered scenario of correlated test statistics. Of particular concern is the possibility that the method could exhibit bursty behavior, meaning that it might typically yield no false discoveries while occasionally yielding both a large number of false discoveries and a false discovery proportion (FDP) that far exceeds its own well controlled mean. In this paper, we investigate which test statistic correlation structures lead to bursty behavior and which ones lead to well controlled FDPs. To this end, we develop a central limit theorem for the FDP in a multiple testing setup where the test statistic correlations can be either short-range or long-range as well as either weak or strong. The theorem and our simulations from a data-driven factor model suggest that the BH procedure exhibits severe burstiness when the test statistics have many strong, long-range correlations, but does not otherwise.
Estimation of Driving State of Formula Car Based on Data Fusion and AUKF

Vehicle driving status information is essential to improve the safety and performance of formula racing, but obtaining high-precision driving parameters is often costly. Based on the adaptive unscented Kalman filter of filter fusion, this paper applied a low-cost and high-precision method to predict the lateral and longitudinal acceleration of a vehicle. This paper embeds part of the data of the Dugoff tire model into the filter structure, which greatly improves the data utilization rate and realizes the further optimization of the filter effect. By using the information fusion-based AUKF algorithm to estimate the driving state of a high-speed formula racing, accurate estimation results can be obtained. The results show that the filter effect of this algorithm significantly exceeds that of UKF.
The Cobra Effect: Kisor, Roberts, and the Law of Unintended Consequences

With its decision in Kisor v. Wilkie in 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court was expected to overturn Auer v. Robbins, under which courts are to defer to agencies’ interpretations of their own regulations. (This was an expected precursor to the Court eventually overturning Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., which prescribes judicial deference to agency interpretations of statutes the agency administers.) The Court instead chose to limit but not overturn Auer, and leave Chevron untouched. This result leaves lower courts with the challenge of determining when and how to properly apply Auer deference. But the Court’s decision in Kisor ultimately illustrates the law of unintended consequences, often referred to as “the cobra effect.” Because the Court has faced criticism for disregarding the doctrine of stare decisis in several recent decisions, the Chief Justice likely cast the decisive vote in Kisor to avoid once again overturning established law. Thus, Kisor represents Roberts acting in his role as steward of the Court’s institutional reputation. But while Roberts is right to be concerned about stare decisis and the Court’s reputation, his vote in Kisor, and the opinion it produced, now leaves lower courts with a doctrine of judicial deference in Auer that is difficult, if not impossible, to apply. This note will demonstrate that the Court's decision in Kisor likely did more damage than good to the Court’s reputation, and that the Court ought to overturn Auer once and for all.
Teaching Recreational Dance

(1954). Teaching Recreational Dance. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 14-15.
Advances in fast marching and level set methods for propagating interfaces

We summarize recent advances in level set methods and Fast Marching Methods for propagating interfaces, which are computational techniques for tracking evolving fronts in two and three space dimensions. Here, we review the interconnection between the two techniques, discuss the recent extension of level set techniques to triangulated unstructured meshes, and provide a few examples of these techniques.
Does Dual Citizenship Increase Naturalization? Evidence from Indian Immigrants in the U.S.

This paper shows that the availability of dual citizenship, or here Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI), leads to higher naturalization rates in the country of residence. The analysis is based on three distinct naturalization rates, calculated on the basis of annual immigration flows and naturalizations seven years later; the resident population eligible for naturalization; and naturalization records for specific immigrant cohorts. To isolate effects specific to India as the country of origin from general factors in the U.S., the development of naturalization rates for Indian, or India-born, immigrants is juxtaposed with the respective rates for all Asian immigrants to the U.S. and for all immigrants to the U.S. as comparison groups. Contextualizing the naturalization decision, considering factors in the country of origin, destination, as well as in the migrant community alike, the paper finds that, depending on the metric used, the naturalization rate of Indian immigrants grew stronger than that of the chosen comparison groups by 2 to 12.8 percentage points.
Haptic ChairIO: A system to study the effect of wind and floor vibration feedback on spatial orientation in VEs

In this poster, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation plan of a system called Haptic ChairIO. A design space is first introduced, classifying sensory cues, and describing the potential usage of haptic cues on cognitive tasks in virtual environments (VEs). Then follows the design and implementation of Haptic ChairIO, which is extendable in providing various sensory cue types, consisting of a VR simulation, chair-based motion-control input, and multi-sensory output, including visual, audio, wind, and floor vibration feedback. A plan of evaluation has been made to study the effect of wind and floor vibration on spatial orientation in VEs.
New Lower Bounds for Orthogonal Graph Drawings

An orthogonal drawing is an embedding of a graph such that edges are drawn as sequences of horizontal and vertical segments. In this paper we explore lower bounds. We find lower bounds on the number of bends when crossings are allowed, and lower bounds on both the grid-size and the number of bends for planar and plane drawings.
How Many Rational Points Can a Curve Have

This paper is concerned with two conjectures in number theory describing the behavior of the number of rational points on an algebraic curve defined over a number field, as that curve varies.
Subcontracting and competitive bidding on incomplete procurement contracts

This article examines the impact of incomplete contracts on subcontracting and the design of procurement auctions. I estimate the effect of ex post contract revisions on unit costs for both subcontracted and in-house performed work items on bridge projects procured by the California Department of Transportation. I model a scoring auction showing how ex post revisions skew bidding decisions and estimate unit costs from bid data using the method of sieve estimation. The results highlight the cost implications of incomplete contracting frictions, subcontracting decisions, and bidding distortions. In conclusion, I propose alternative auction mechanisms that could improve outcomes.
Smoking and the New York State Journal of Medicine: a brief introduction

2010 marks the 25th anniversary of the publication by the New York State Journal of Medicine of the second of two theme issues on the world tobacco pandemic, the first comprehensive examination of the subject ever published by a medical journal. Aiming to challenge the medical profession to become actively involved in fighting smoking, the issues went beyond a discussion of the well known health consequences of tobacco to a consideration of the social, political, economic, agricultural, religious, and legal aspects of this growing problem.
Diffusion Anisotropy of the Internal Capsule and the Corona Radiata in Association with Stroke and Tumors as Measured by Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted MR images have enabled measurement of directionality of diffusion (anisotropy) in white matter. To investigate differences in the anisotropy for various types of pathologic findings and the association between the anisotropy of tracts and neurologic dysfunction, we compared the anisotropy of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the corona radiata between patients with stroke and those with tumors and between patients with and without hemiparesis. METHODS: Thirty-three patients consisting of 11 with tumors and 22 with ischemic disease (16 acute infarction, four old infarction, and two transient ischemic attack) and nine control patients were studied with a 1.5-T MR imager. Diffusion-weighted images were obtained with diffusion gradients applied in three orthogonal directions. The diffusion anisotropy measurements were obtained from regions of interests defined within the internal capsule and the corona radiata. RESULTS: The diffusion anisotropy was significantly reduced in all internal capsules and coronae radiata involved by infarcts, tumors, and peritumoral edema compared with that of the control patients ( P P P CONCLUSION: The degree of impaired diffusion anisotropy may vary in different pathologic conditions and correlate with neurologic dysfunction. The measurement of diffusion anisotropy may provide additional information relating to neurologic function and transneuronal effects.
A Study of Biological Variability: the Distribution of P32 in the Phosphorus Compounds of the 8-Day Chick Embryo

Abstract IN A series of experiments on phosphorus metabolism in the developing chick embryo including the effects of various physical agents (e.g. high electric field) and chemical agents (e.g. vitamins), we have been faced with the difficult problem of deciding just how great should a quantitative difference between two determinations be, in order for us to attribute the difference to the agent. What we have is essentially a problem in statistics—the same statistical problem encountered in biological assays. The specific investigation we have undertaken in this paper, the metabolism of phosphorus in the 8-day chick embryo, has two aspects. In the first place, when using the method of following the turnover of radioactive phosphorus in the phosphorus compounds of the embryo what variation is to be expected from the combination of normal variability from group to group and the inherent experimental errors. The data are subjected to elementary statistical analysis . . .
Excitation energies of the n → π* 3A″ and π → π* 3A′ states of acrolein

Abstract The vertical and adiabatic excitation energies between the ground and lowest two triplet states of acrolein were studied using ab initio correlated wavefunctions. A double zeta basis set was used in the configuration interaction calculations and each configuration expansion included about 6000 determinants selected from the list of singly and doubly substituted determinants, relative to the SCF reference wavefunction. The calculated vertical and adiabatic excitation energies are respectively, 27 200 cm−1 and 21 700 cm−1 for the n → π* 3A″ state, and 32 000 cm−1 and 23 100 cm−1 for the π → π* 3A′ state. For the 3A″ state, an upward correction of ≈ 1000 cm−1 for the effects of unlinked clusters yields reasonable agreement with the experimental Te = 24 300 cm−1.