cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies in Interactive Communication: II. The Effects of Four Communication Modes on the Linguistic Performance of Teams during Cooperative Problem Solving

Two-man teams solved credible, 'real world' problems for which computer assistance has been or could be useful. Conversations were carried on in one of four modes of communication: typewriting, handwriting, voice, and natural unrestricted communication. Performance was assessed on three classes of dependent measures: time to solution, behavioral measures of activity, and linguistic measures. Significant differences among the communication modes were found in each of the three classes. This paper is concerned mainly with the results of the linguistic analyses. Linguistic performance was assessed with 182 measures, most of which turned out to be redundant and some of which were useless or meaningless. Those that remain show that although problems can be solved faster in the oral modes than in the hard-copy modes, the oral modes are characterized by many more messages, sentences, words, and unique words; much higher communication rates; but lower type-token ratios. Although a number of significant problem and job-role effects were found, there were relatively few significant interactions of modes with thsse variables. It appears, therefore, that the mode effects hold for both problems and for both job roles assigned to the subjects.
Biomimetics, nanobioinformatics and nanotechnology

We define biomimetics as the coherent abstraction in devising, prototyping in design of organic, inorganic and hybrid nano- and microsystems using biological analogies through nanobioinformatics paradigm. Complex nano- and microscale biosystems exist in nature in enormous variety and sophistication. We apply complex biological patents to devise, analyze and examine distinct systems. One cannot blindly copy biosystems due to the fact that many complex phenomena and effects have not been comprehended, and nanosystem topologies have not been examined. The attention is concentrated on examining existing biosystems, devising novel paradigms, exploring new operating principles, examining functionality of different subsystems and nanodevices, researching novel structures, studying advanced architectures and characterizing distinct materials. Different nanosystems and nanodevices can be devised and designed through biomimetics based upon basic physical laws and nanobioinformatics. Our ultimate objective is to provide the focused study of biomimetics and systematic design through nanobioinformatics. The synergetic paradigm reported is demonstrated devising and controlling complex systems.
Intramolecular twisting effects in substituted benzenes: Part I. Electronic spectra

Abstract The electronic spectral effects of twisting a substituent group about the substituent-ring bond in substituted benzenes are analyzed from the viewpoint of semiempirical MO theory including zeroth and first order configuration interaction. The substituent orbital Φ 8 0 is expressed as a linear combination of two functions, φx and φy, which are respectively antisymmetric and symmetric with respect to reflection in the ring plane: Φ 8 0 = cos θφ x + sin θφ y . Transition energies and intensities are discussed with reference to the twisting parameter θ. Ordinarily, θ increases as the substituent is twisted, and can be evaluated explicitly when the molecular geometry is known. The treatment is earried through both with and without cognizance of the nearest-neighbor overlap integrals, and the inductive effect of the substituent is discussed. Particular attention is given to the question of self-consistency. The theory applies especially to those transitions which correspond to transitions observed in the spectrum of benzene (“benzene-analogue” transitions). Three possible types of θ-dependence of transition energies are distinguished, and the conditions under which each might be realized are specified. Of the four benzene-analogue singlet-singlet transitions considered, the two of lowest energy are ordinarily predicted to suffer a decrease of intensity as θ increases, while the intensities of the remaining two transitions are predicted to be insensitive to twisting pertubations. “Charge transfer” transitions are also considered, though in less detail. The theory is applied in a detailed discussion of the ultraviolet absorption spectra of N,N-dimethylaniline and related molecules in which the dimethylamino substituent is twisted as a result of ortho substitution or intramolecular bridge formation.
Beyond the 'Buffett Rule' Making the Income Tax More Progressive

This article is the basis for part of the discussion in Chapter 18, which deals with Tax Policy, of the following book by Sam Thompson: The Obama vs. Romney Debate on Economic Growth, A Citizen’s Guide to the Issues. The book will be published by iUniverse in September 2012. This article argues for a significant increase in the progressivity of the federal income tax that goes beyond the Buffett rule proposed by President Obama. It builds on progressivity proposals made by Warren Buffett in a recent op-ed and similar proposals the author made in a 2007 article in Tax Notes. This report argues for the adoption of (1) new 40, 45, and 50 percent rate brackets for high income levels; (2) the taxation of dividends received by high-income individuals at ordinary rates; and (3) the reinstatement of the 20 percent maximum rate for capital gains. Adoption of these proposals would help turn the tide in the class war that is being waged against low- and middle-income taxpayers. The changes proposed here for increasing the progressivity of the federal income tax are consistent with proposals the author has made for increasing the progressivity of Social Security and Medicare in an article titled "A 'Buffett Rule' for Social Security and Medicare: Phasing Out Benefits for High Income Retirees," 50 U. Louis. L. Rev. 603 (2012).
Brugada syndrome, exercise, and exercise testing.

There are few data on the risk of exercise and the role of exercise stress testing in Brugada syndrome. We sought to address this deficiency using a systematic literature review. We identified 98 English-language articles possibly addressing exercise in Brugada syndrome by searching PubMed and Google Scholar from January 1990 through November 2013 using the keywords “Brugada syndrome,” “exercise,” “exercise testing,” and “syncope” alone and in combinations. Abstracts were reviewed, and those articles pertaining to Brugada syndrome and exercise were reviewed in full. We identified 18 articles reporting on Brugada syndrome and exercise. This pool included 2 large studies of 93 and 50 Brugada subjects undergoing exercise testing, plus 16 case reports. There were no reports of exercise-related sudden death, but there were 4 cases of syncope after exercise. We identified 166 Brugada patients who underwent exercise testing. During exercise testing, there were 2 reports of ventricular tachycardia and 1 report of multiple ventricular extrasystoles. ST-segment elevation increased (ST augmentation) during the early recovery phase of exercise in 57% of patients. Exercise unmasked a Brugada electrocardiographic pattern in 5 patients. Exercise is associated with syncope and ST augmentation after exercise and may be helpful in unmasking Brugada syndrome. There are insufficient data on the risks of exercise in Brugada syndrome to make recommendations for exercise, but the observations that exercise can worsen the ST abnormalities in Brugada and produce ventricular arrhythmias suggest that patients with Brugada syndrome should be restricted from vigorous exercise.
Ultrasonic Polar Backscatter Imaging of Transverse Matrix Cracks

Transverse matrix cracks in [0,90]2 [0,902], and [±45], graphite/epoxy laminates were imaged with a 15 MHz spherically focused transducer which was oriented at 27° from the normal to the plane of the laminate and perpendicular to the fiber direction of the cracked ply. The backscattered signal from the micron wide cracks was two to five times stronger than the backscattered signal from the fibers. Polar backscatter C-scans of the coupon shaped specimens showed the cracks clearly enough to be counted up to a crack density of 8 per centimeter (20 cracks/inch).
Changes in the competitive environments of rural trade areas

Abstract The growth of discount retail chain (DRC) stores in small communities had led to an increasing controversy concerning their impact on small-town merchants and the general competitive environments of rural areas. This article examines U.S. Department of Commerce Census data in an attempt to determine how DRCs impact the competitive environments of small-rural-trade areas. While negative impact was not observed, the presence of a DRC appears to alter the competitive structure of small economies in significant ways.
Evidence‐based practice for the busy nurse practitioner: Part four: Putting it all together

Purpose Understanding the critical appraisal process allows nurse practitioners (NPs) to determine a study's reliability, validity, and applicability to their client(s)/families, and to their clinical practice setting. The purpose of this final part of this four-part evidence-based practice (EBP) series is designed to utilize a clinical scenario that will walk the NP through EBP steps 1 through 3 while providing an example of how to critically appraise a randomized control trial. Data sources Scientific literature review, gray literature, PubMed and other online literature databases and resources, and online EBP websites. Conclusions As healthcare providers, our role is to provide the best possible care we can to our client(s) and their families. One way to do this is through the utilization of the EBP process. When EBP processes are integrated into our clinical practice settings it augments the existing provider–client relationship and shared decision-making process. Implications for practice It is hoped that this four-part series enhanced NPs’ understanding of the EBP processes of developing a clinical inquiry, searching for the best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, and integrating EBP into clinical practice.
Luminescence of CuInS2: II. Exciton and near edge emission

Abstract The near-edge (exciton) emission of CuInS2 is investigated for various material-compositions as a function of temperature. From these investigations the exciton ionization energy (20 meV) and the temperature dependence of the energy gap were determined. For the first time, recombination of the free exciton belonging to the deeper lying Γ7 valence bands has been observed. Moreover, six different bound exciton emission lines and a donor to valence band transition were detected. These emissions could be assigned in terms of the defect-chemical model presented in Part I.
Low-power distributed arithmetic architectures using nonuniform memory partitioning

In this paper, we present a low-power distributed arithmetic (DA) architecture. In a DA architecture, a memory is employed to store linear combinations of coefficients. The probability distribution of addresses to the memory is usually not uniform because of temporal correlation in the input. We present a rule governing this probability distribution and use it to partition the memory such that the most frequently accessed locations are stored in the smallest memory. Power dissipation is reduced because accesses to smaller memories dissipate less power. Experimental results with an 8-tap filter with 8 bits of data precision result in a 32% power reduction in the memory. A 28% power reduction was obtained by just detecting accesses to the two most frequently accessed locations (0/spl times/00 and 0/spl times/FF), which is a strong argument for using the techniques proposed in this paper.
Clustered multiattribute hash files

Access methods for multidimensional data have attracted much research interest in recent years. In general, the data structures proposed for this problem partition the database into a set of disk pages (buckets). Access to the buckets is provided by searching a directory of some type such as a tree directory or inverted index or by computation of a multiattribute hash function. Examples of the first approach are Multidimensional B-trees[Sch82], K-D-B trees[Rob81] (see also [Sam84] for a survey of these methods) whereas multiattribute hashing methods are described for example in [Rot74],[Aho79],[Riv76] and [Ram83]. In addition, there are also hybrid methods which combine hashing with a directory of some type [Ore84],[Nie84], [Fag79].In all the work mentioned above, the performance is measured in terms of the number of disk accesses made to retrieve the answer without distinguishing whether these are sequential or random. We argue that performance measurements must consider this factor in order to be realistic, especially in the single user environment. Some evidence to support this claim is given in [Sal88, pg. 22] with the IBM 3380 disk drive as an example. For this type of disk, a comparison between accessing m blocks randomly and accessing a contiguous cluster of m blocks is made. The results show that for m = 10, the random access is slower by a factor of about 8 than the clustered one whereas for m = 100 it is slower by a factor of 25.Another motivation for this work are optical disks. In this case, there is a big advantage in clustering since the access mechanism on many of these drives is equipped with an adjustable mirror which allows slight deflections of the laser beam. This means that it may be possible to read a complete cluster from a sequence of adjacent tracks beneath the head with a single random seek [Chri88].Our work is inspired by an interesting recent paper [Fal86] which proposes to organize the physical layout of a multiattribute hash file by encoding record signatures using gray code rather than simple binary code. In this way neighboring buckets contain records which differ on a single bit in their signatures. It is then proved that the records which form the answer to a partial match query will tend to be contained in a smaller number of clusters as compared with the binary arrangement. It is also shown that this idea is applicable to many other multiattribute hashing schemes with a small amount of overhead. In addition, it can improve access time to directories of grid type files, extendible hashing and file methods which employ the z-ordering [Ore84].
The ultrastructure of lung tissue from newborn and embryo mice.

Lung tissue from embryo, newborn and adult mice was studied by means of the electron microscope. Discontinuities were not found in either the endothelial lining of the capillaries or the epithelial cell lining of the alveoli. Capillary endothelial cells of newborn and embryo mice were similar in appearance to those of adult mice. Surface configurations of certain of the epithelial and endothelial cells were suggestive of pinocytosis. Numerous microvilli projected from some of the epithelial cells into the alveoli. The outer nuclear membrane of alveolar epithelial cells was found to be in direct continuity with membranes of the ergastoplasm. Certain epithelial cells contained characteristic inclusion bodies. Some alveolar cells may have been undergoing degeneration, as indicated by the general appearance of the cytoplasm as well as the presence of the inclusion bodies. Structures similar to the cristae of normal mitochondria could be seen in many of these bodies in newborn, adult lungs and occasionally in lungs of 18-day embryos. Inclusion bodies were not found in embryos younger than 18 days. There might be a relationship between mitochondria and these inclusion bodies. In many areas of the lungs of newborn mice a homogeneous basement membrane was apparently just being formed. Collagen and elastic fibers were frequently found in newborn and late embryo as well as in adult lung tissue. Newborn mouse lung tissue was found to contain areas of striated muscle. There was evidence that in newborn mice many alveoli were just developing. Microvilli from adjacent epithelial cells frequently projected into such areas. Evidence for and against the possibility of the existence of two cell types in alveolar epithelium has been presented and discussed.
The Blood Group Antibody “Good,” 1966 II. Physicochemical Studies

The physicochemical characteristics of the Good antibody were studied further. The antibody consisted of two molecular types, one associated with IgG globulin, and the other probably associated with IgM globulin. The two types differed in complement binding capacity and in sulfhydryl sensitivity. Both were “complete” agglutinins reacting best at 4 C. The IgG antibody was not potentiated by antiglobulin serum. The physicochemical and serologic characteristics of the antibody placentally transferred to the Good-negative infant born in 1966 resembled those of the IgG antibody.
Dual-column determination of albumin and immunoglobulin G in serum by high-performance affinity chromatography

Abstract High-performance affinity chromatography was used for the simultaneous determination of albumin and immunoglobulin G in serum. Two columns in series, the first containing immobilized anti-albumin antibodies and the other containing protein A for binding immunoglobulin G, were eluted separately at pH 3 by means of a column-switching system. This method gave results in good agreement with commercially available methods, while requiring only 2 μl of serum and 6.0 min per cycle. It was shown that albumin and immunoglobulin G were selectively retained, with little interference from other components, including immunoglobulins A and M.
Par des traits d'Henri Michaux: la mémoire picturale du signe

Dans Par des traits, le poete et peintre Henri Michaux dresse une critique acerbe du langage verbal, dont la structure selon lui nous emprisonne et nous paralyse. Pour contrer ces defauts des langues, il preconise la creation de signes neufs qui pourraient nous liberer. L'objectif de cet article est de definir ce que sont ces signes que Michaux aurait voulu creer et de montrer en quoi l'art pictural, mais aussi la poesie, sont A meme de forger ces signes. Dans Par des traits, Michaux decrit ces signes en revenant au moment de leur emergence, lA oA¹, comme des dessins, ils existent encore sous forme de traits et sont sur le point de prendre sens dans une communaute. Dans leur moment pictural, ces signes portent donc encore en eux la force et l'energie du geste qui les a traces. Et comme ils ne sont encore assujettis A aucune codification, il leur faut, pour etre dechiffres, un groupe de lecteurs qui acceptent de collaborer pour leur donner sens. Au sein des langues verbales, la poesie possede le pouvoir de reinstituer des signes en les rappelant A leur memoire picturale.
Long searches for male-defended breeding burrows allow female fiddler crabs, Uca crenulata, to release larvae on time

When individuals benefit from highly selective mate choice and search costs are negligible, they should sample all or at least many potential mates. Most animals sample just a few mates, presumably because search costs override the benefits of lengthy searches. Observations on mate-searching female California fiddler crabs, Uca crenulata, showed that these crabs conducted much longer searches than have been reported for other animals. Moreover, large and small females used different sampling strategies. Searches may be long in this species because females use multiple criteria to select mates and benefit from finding a burrow of the right size. They chose mates that (1) were near to their size (2) had small claws given their body size, and (3) defended long burrows with entrances that matched the size of the female. Females sampled many burrows that did not match their size, indicating that they assessed burrows on contact and not before. An experiment examining why females use male burrow diameter as a mate choice criteria revealed that burrow opening diameter, or a correlate, affected incubation duration and therefore release time of larvae. Larvae were successfully released during high-amplitude nocturnal tides only when females incubated in burrows that allowed the larvae to exit the estuary swiftly and thus reduce predation risk, but not when females incubated in burrows that were too wide or narrow. The effect of burrow aperture on incubation duration may explain why females sampled many male burrows as they searched for a mate and why females of different size classes selected and sampled differently.
Restriction-modification systems determined by Pseudomonas plasmids

Abstract Four additional Pseudomonas R plasmids determining the Pae R7 restriction-modification system have been detected. All are transfer deficient and appear to belong to the same incompatibility group. The Pseudomonas fertility plasmid FP110 determines a different restriction-modification system and also inhibits the propagation of phage B39 by a separate mechanism. Pseudomonas R plasmid pMG73 has a third distinct restriction-modification specificity. Pae FP110 and Pae R73 are proposed as designations for these new plasmid-determined systems for restriction and modification.
Task predictability and remembered duration

The effects of structural predictability on remembered duration judgments were examined within the context of the performance of a series of highly familiar tasks. Across a set of three experiments, task predictability was manipulated by the presence or absence of advance expectancies of what tasks were to be performed (Experiment 1), an (in)variant ordering of task performance (Experiment 2), and the placement of interruptions at between- versus within-task locations (Experiment 3). In each case, a higher degree of predictability led to more accurate and reliable duration estimates that were relatively free of bias, while uncertainty decreased accuracy through an overestimation bias. These results not only render insight into the mediational mechanisms responsible for temporal judgments, but also sug-gest some practical applications for everyday behavior.
On the use of the Coulomb gauge in solving source-excited boundary value problems of electromagnetics

The advantages and difficulties associated with the use of the Coulomb gauge in solving source-excited boundary value problems of electromagnetics are examined. The correct dyadic Green's function for the Coulomb vector potential in a rectangular waveguide is derived to elucidate the discussion. The attractive feature of the Coulomb gauge is the explicit separation of the electric field into its lamellar and solenoidal constituents. A flaw in the usage of the Coulomb gauge in W.R. Smythe's text Static and Dynamic Electricity (1968) is noted and corrected. >
The pathophysiology of acute heart failure—Is it all about fluid accumulation?

Despite significant advancement in chronic heart failure (HF), no breakthroughs have occurred in the last 2 decades in our understanding of the pathophysiology, classification, and treatment of acute HF (AHF). Traditional thinking, which has been that this disorder is a result of gradual fluid accumulation on a background of chronic HF, has been called into question by recent large registries enrolling less selected patient populations. It is increasingly recognized that many patients with this syndrome are elderly, have relatively preserved ejection fraction, and have mild or no preexisting chronic HF. In this review, we propose 2 primary subtypes of AHF: (1) acute decompensated cardiac failure, characterized by deterioration of cardiac performance over days to weeks leading to decompensation; and (2) acute vascular failure, characterized by acute hypertension and increased vascular stiffness. Registry data suggest that the latter is the more common form of AHF in the general population, although the former is often overrepresented in studies focused in academic tertiary care centers. Regardless of the clinical subtype, a variety of pathophysiologic mechanisms may play a role in this disorder, many of which remain poorly understood. In this review, we describe current understanding of the pathophysiology of AHF, including a critical evaluation of the data supporting both traditional and novel mechanisms, and suggest a framework for integrating these mechanisms into an overall model of AHF.
Compiler optimizations for Java aglets in distributed data intensive applications

Code migration in light of distributed data intensive computing poses interesting compilation issues. In this work, we first define a small extension to the aglet model to allow data distribution. In our aglet program, data is distributed over the network using annotations (this is similar to High Performance Fortran (HPF) where the programmer specifies data distributions through annotations). We analyze the program using the annotations and use the 'owner computes' rule to determine where a given computation should take place. The compiler then schedules the aglet through the network and also determines the data it should carry during its migration. Determining efficient schedule of the aglet and which data to carry during migration poses interesting issues.We propose two strategies to optimize the aglet schedule. The first strategy called Take All Live Data:(TALD) attempts to carry all the live definitions of variables from a given node when visited. The second strategy Take Only Needed Data(TOND) attempts to carry only those definitions whose uses are in the destination node. The goal of the first strategy is to minimize the number of migrations which are expensive due to high serialization overheads The second strategy aims to minimize bandwidth consumption during a migration. This could significantly reduce the communication overhead due to minimal amount of data carried during each migration. We have implemented both the strategies in the Jikes compiler from IBM. We have evaluated it on a distributed database application and show benefits of both the strategies on large and small databases. The results show that strategies generated by our compiler analysis reduce the overheads and improve execution time.
Plastic yielding of partially crystalline polymers

Abstract : Measurements are described of characteristic stress strain properties in tension for several representative partially crystalline polymers, prepared by cooling from the melt. Striking differences were found in the natural draw ratio, ranging from 2X to 11X. They are interpreted in terms of a simple molecular model of the yielding process in which polymer chains, folded to different degrees in the crystallites, are pulled taut. Values of yield and draw stress were found to be of the same order as the free energy Um of melting, suggesting that yielding and drawing take place by stress-induced disruption of crystallites, analogous to melting. The mechanical work of drawing was similar to, but generally larger than, that required for melting, ranging from Um to about 4Um. The difference is attributed to strain energy of drawn material and possible recrystallization during drawing. Keywords: Crystalline, Deformation, Drawing, Plastic, Polymers, Strain, Tension, Yielding.
Monopole theories with massless and massive gauge fields

We investigate magnetic-monopole-type theories, including those where the gauge field acquires a mass. The study is based on a modification of Zwanziger's local Lagrangian formulation of the usual (zero-mass) theory. The quantization is carried out by using Dirac's general method. For the mass-zero case the known results are recovered including the charge-quantization condition. The Hamiltonian and angular momentum for the massive case are derived and discussed. Further, it is shown how Nambu's static phenomenological Hamiltonian can be derived as a special case of the massive theory. Certain difficulties associated with the rotational invariance of such theories are pointed out.
REGIONS OF MOSQUITO SALIVARY GLANDS DISTINGUISHED BY SURFACE LECTIN-BINDING CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract Malaria sporozoites invade only the medial lobe and the distal portions of the lateral lobes of the salivary glands of vector mosquitoes. Because surface characteristics of these tissues may mark their identity, we determined whether particular lobes bear unique carbohydrates. A preliminary screen using fluorescein labeled lectins indicated that the salivary glands of female Aedes aegypti differed from other organs tested in their affinity for DBA but not UEA I. By means of electron microscopy, a panel of seven biotin-labeled lectins were used to describe the carbohydrates of the basal lamina. Binding of CON A and to a lesser extent RCA 120 was distributed over each lobe of the salivary glands. Other lectins, however, were specific to certain lobes. The lateral distal lobe bound CON A , DBA, PNA, RCA 120, UEAI and WGA. The lateral proximal lobes bound only CON A and DBA. In addition, the basal lamina possesses a net negative charge as indicated by the binding of cationic ferritin. Thus, the basal lamina over the various regions of the salivary glands is characterized by unique carbohydrates and this suggests that surface receptors may provide the specificity that limits invasion by sporozoites to particular lobes of the salivary glands.
Saturday, November 2, 2001 4:13–4:56 pm Concurrent Session 8B: Metabolic/Vertebroplasty

Purpose of study: Vertebral column osteoporotic compression fractures is a major medical concern in the elderly population. Vertebral augmentation with methyl methacrylate, either kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty, has been shown to correlate with improved outcome in the short term, but the long-term results are unknown. A retrospective review was performed to analyze the short-term results after kyphoplasty in terms of remote and adjacent-level fractures in osteoporotic patients and in particular the relationship of long-term steroid use to subsequent compression fractures. Methods used: A total of 175 patients treated for osteoporotic compression fractures at the Cleveland Clinic, from October 1999 to November 2002 were identified, and 60 patients were excluded because of insufficient follow-up, less than 3 months, or malignancy-related fractures. The remaining 115 patients' office charts, hospital records, prospective database information, operative reports and radiographs were then individually analyzed. New fractures were identified based on changes from baseline imaging studies. Adjacent fractures were defined as a new, occurring after initial kyphoplasty, compression fracture in the vertebral body immediately rostral or caudal to a body treated with kyphoplasty and confirmed with methyl methacrylate on imaging studies. Remote fractures were defined as a new fracture with at least one vertebral body between the new fracture and the prior treated compression fracture. Demographic information, vertebral levels treated, number of two- and three-level adjacent kyphoplasties, time of follow-up, adjacent fractures, remote fractures and chronic steroid medication were entered into the database, and statistical analysis (p<.05) was performed. of findings: A total of 225 levels were treated with kyphoplasty in the 115 patients included in analysis. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 26 months with a mean of 10 months. There were 80 patients with primary osteoporosis and 35 patients with secondary osteoporosis resulting from long-term steroid medications. These populations were similar in terms of demographics, single, two or multiple sites, along with two or three adjacent levels treated. Twenty-two patients sustained postkyphoplasty compression fractures of which 15 patients were on chronic steroid medication. Although only 7 patients with primary osteoporosis developed a new compression fracture, this increased fracture rate in the steroid patients was highly significant (p<.0001), along with analysis of adjacent fractures (11 of 17 on steroids, p=.0009), and remote fractures (5 of 7 on steroids (p=.0265). Relationship between findings and existing knowledge: No data exist about the incidence of postkyphoplasty compression fractures. Overall significance of findings: This study clearly illustrates the increased incidence of compression fractures after kyphoplasty in the steroid-dependent population. Disclosures: Device or drug: kyphon balloon tamp. Status: approved. Conflict of interest: No conflicts.
Content delivery through the ages: Akamai to WebCloud

Research interests: Network design and performance, approximation algorithms, security, complexity theory and combinatorics.
A theorem on planar continua and an application to automorphisms of the field of complex numbers

Abstract Let K be a continuum in the plane which does not lie on a line. Then the set of differences, K - K, contains an open set. Let ψ be an automorphism of the field of complex numbers which is bounded on an Fσ set of positive inductive dimension. Then ψ is continuous.
The silent curriculum in counselor education

Counselor educators, while conscientiously preparing students to be sensitive to others through traditional courses and examinations, also communicate an important set of informal, covert attitudes—the silent curriculum. Rapid changes in our social system and in student attitudes are altering one source of this silent curriculum, the teaching-learning relationship. This article suggests possible changes in the counselor education process to encourage individualized instruction, experimentation, and student involvement in departmental decisions, field work, and teaching.
The Good Buddha and the Fierce Spirits: Protecting the Northern Thai Forest

Holding a tree ordination, establishing a shrine for the guardian spirit and placing a Buddha image as the ‘chief’ of the forest to forbid cutting trees are all really clever schemes. It's not true...
Leaderless mRNAs Bind 70S Ribosomes More Strongly than 30S Ribosomal Subunits in Escherichia coli

By primer extension inhibition assays, 70S ribosomes bound with higher affinity, or stability, than did 30S subunits to leaderless mRNAs containing AUG or GUG start codons. Addition of translation initiation factors affected ribosome binding to leaderless mRNAs. Our results suggest that translation of leaderless mRNAs might initiate through a pathway involving 70S ribosomes or 30S subunits lacking IF3.
Metal and associated phases in Krymka and Chainpur: Nebular formational processes

The opaque minerals of unequilibrated ordinary chondrites preserve numerous chemical and textural properties acquired during processes that occurred in the primitive solar nebula. Attention is presently given to the highly unequilibrated LL3 chondrites Krymka and Chainpur, together with the unequilibrated ordinary chondrite Bishunpur. Most metal-poor chondrules in these chondrites appear to have formed from precursors that had required significant amounts of FeO as a result of reaction with the nebular gas down to low temperatures. Low Ni concentrations in chondrule kamacite may largely be due to dilution by Fe which was reduced from the silicates during chondrule formation.
“Running Pleated” Suture Technique Apposes Wound Edges of Unequal Lengths

BACKGROUND Cutaneous advancement flaps, such as the T-plasty or H-plasty, are commonly used in order to relocate standing cones away from critical structures. In this process, what would have been the tips of a standard elliptical closure are displaced laterally as Burrow's triangles. This method creates additional terminal incision lines, perpendicular to the force vector of the flap. OBJECTIVE To describe a suture technique commonly employed in our practice that eliminates the need for such Burrow's triangles, hence minimizing suture lines and enhancing cosmesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through the described "running pleated" suture technique, excess tissue created by flap advancement is distributed equally along the entire length of the incision. RESULTS All patients did well postoperatively with excellent wound healing and superior cosmetic outcomes. CONCLUSION The "running pleated" suture technique obviates the need for large, laterally displaced Burrow's triangles that are normally created during the construction of flaps such as the T-plasty and H-plasty and can be a powerful tool in the armamentarium of any dermatologic surgeon.
Sec1p directly stimulates SNARE-mediated membrane fusion in vitro

Sec1 proteins are critical players in membrane trafficking, yet their precise role remains unknown. We have examined the role of Sec1p in the regulation of post-Golgi secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indirect immunofluorescence shows that endogenous Sec1p is found primarily at the bud neck in newly budded cells and in patches broadly distributed within the plasma membrane in unbudded cells. Recombinant Sec1p binds strongly to the t-SNARE complex (Sso1p/Sec9c) as well as to the fully assembled ternary SNARE complex (Sso1p/Sec9c;Snc2p), but also binds weakly to free Sso1p. We used recombinant Sec1p to test Sec1p function using a well-characterized SNARE-mediated membrane fusion assay. The addition of Sec1p to a traditional in vitro fusion assay moderately stimulates fusion; however, when Sec1p is allowed to bind to SNAREs before reconstitution, significantly more Sec1p binding is detected and fusion is stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner. These data strongly argue that Sec1p directly stimulates SNARE-mediated membrane fusion.
Novel applications of MOEMS display and imaging

Significant progresses have been made in MOEMS for display, imaging, telecommunication, and bioinstrumentation applications. This talk will first provide an overview of the recent advances in micromirror technologies. Then it will discuss three novel applications using MEMS micromirrors. First, a large port count wavelength-selective switch using a one-dimensional array of two-axis analog micromirrors will be described. Then the fabrication and packaging of two-axis micromirrors for in vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging will be presented. Finally a new optoelectronic tweezers for manipulating microparticles and biological cells using direct images of MOEMS spatial light modulators will be described.
Activity-based intelligence tipping and cueing using polarimetric sensors

Activity Based Intelligence (ABI) is the derivation of information from the composite of a series of individual actions being recorded over a period of time. Due to its temporal nature, ABI is usually developed from Motion Imagery (MI) or Full Motion Video (FMV) taken of a given scene. One of today's common issues is sifting through such large volumes of temporal data. Here we propose using a technique known as tipping an cueing to alleviate the need to manually sift through said data. Being able to tip the analysts or automated algorithm towards a particular person or object in the data is useful in reducing search time. We propose using a polarimetric sensor to identify objects of interest, in a scene where their signature would be unusual. Once identified, this data will be used to cue a FMV RGB sensor to track the object and determine the activities being executed by the person bringing the object into the scene.
Oxidatively generated electrophiles as initiators of epoxide cascade cyclization processes

Abstract Oxidatively generated oxocarbenium ions are shown to be effective promoters of polyepoxide cascade cyclization reactions to form polyether compounds. The reaction conditions are neutral, ensuring that background acid-mediated processes are not operative and that other acid-sensitive functional groups, such as acetals, can be incorporated into cyclization substrates. While 5- exo pathways are more common that 6- endo pathways, a rational design has been employed to access tetrahydropyranyl ethers.
Organophosphorus Chemistry. 2. The Reduction of Quinquevalent Phosphrous to the Trivalent State

Abstract Phosphoryl and phosphonyl chlorides are reduced conveniently to the monobasic acid forms of the corresponding phosphorous and phosphonous acids by the use of sodium borohydride dispersed in dioxane.
The Dawn Mission to Vesta and Ceres

The Dawn mission journeys to the center of the main asteroid belt to orbit and explore the two most massive main belt asteroids, Vesta and Ceres. Dawn aims to increase our understanding not just of the present state of these two bodies, but also of the conditions during the time of their formation. It attempts this through achieving a set of measurement objectives in which the physical properties of these asteroids such as mass, slopes, size, density, and spin state are accurately determined, and in which the mineralogical and elemental composition of the surface and near-surface material are probed. Dawn employs ion propulsion technology to enable a modestly-sized launcher to start a moderately-sized spacecraft on its journey, to not only reach the two massive asteroids but also to orbit them, descending to near the surface. Unlike most orbital missions, the initial (Vesta) phase must be completed with sufficient reserves and within a time window that later allows Dawn to explore Ceres. Dawn carries a redundant framing camera, a visible and near-IR spectrometer, a gamma ray and neutron spectrometer, and achieves high-accuracy radiometric and optical navigation to enable gravity field determination. The spacecraft was developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation under the management of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Dawn is a Principal Investigator-led mission of the Discovery Program. The PI institution, the University of California, Los Angeles, manages directly the science team, the Dawn Science Center, and the Education and Public Outreach program.
Relativistic calculation of specific mass shifts for Ar+, Ni, Kr+, and Ce+ using a multi-configuration Dirac-Fock approach

Abstract An extension of the GRASP2 multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) program for calculation of the specific mass shift (SMS) is described. The various modes (average level, optimal level, etc.) for achieving an approximate wavefunction, and their impact on the relativistic SMS values, are explored. Comparisons are made with other theoretical SMS values as well as with experiment for Ar + , Ni, Kr + , and Ce + with new results reported for each atom.
OUT OF THE GOODNESS OF THEIR HEARTS? REGULATORY AND REGIONAL IMPACTS ON BANK INVESTMENT IN HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

Banks are considered key actors in affordable housing and community development in the United States. Their involvement in such activities may be due partly to their dependence on economic rents generated from development. In the United States, however, banks are encouraged to support such activities by the federal 1977 Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). I examine how dif- ferent factors explain the CRA-qualified investments by banks. Qualified investments are essentially nondebt financial resources provided as an equity investment or grant with a community development purpose. I find that the identity of the regulator (the United States has four banking regulators) has a major impact on the level of qualified investments. Other things equal, a difference in regulators can cause a bank's qualified investments to more than double. Besides suggesting that some regulators may be enforcing a major portion of CRA regulations more vigorously than others, this also suggests that the CRA plays a major role in bank investment in community development. This has policy implications not just in the United States but also in other countries that might consider replicating the CRA.
Empirics, physicians, and wonder drugs in early modern Germany: the case of the Panacea Amwaldina.

This essay examines the conflicting approaches towards marvelous cures in sixteenth-century Germany. As pharmaceutical substances flooded in from both east and west, they brought with them a market for "wonder drugs" that would cure any ailment. In this climate, university-trained physicians felt threatened by the rising popularity of cures hawked by empirical practitioners, while at the same time endorsing certain wonder drugs. Using the example of one particularly controversial empiric, Georg am Wald, and his wonder drug, the Panacea Amwaldina , this article parses the various factors that made the medical elite embrace certain cures while deriding others.
Ad-itudes: twitter users & advertising

Advertising offline and online is pervasive. This study surveyed over 400 Internet users in the United States to assess current attitudes towards such advertisements. Preliminary results show that Twitter users have a more favorable view of advertisements, both online and offline, than non-users. As designers of Internet-based services introduce advertisements to fund their services, it is useful to understand users' attitudes towards such advertising. As researchers we should consider how advertisements and attitudes towards such advertisements impact how users interact and communicate with one another via these systems.
Binding of isolated 3T3 surface membranes to growing 3T3 cells and their effect on cell growth.

We have quantitated by autoradiography the binding of [125I]labeled 3T3 plasma membrane fragments to 3T3 cells growing on the surface of plastic dishes; ie, the same conditions in which these membranes specifically arrest the growth of 3T3 cells early in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We have been able to demonstrate that binding of membranes to cells is coincidental with the expression of the growth inhibitory activity of protein(s) present in the membrane fragments. Treatments that reduce binding (heat denaturation of the membranes or culture in the presence of high scrum) also reduce growth inhibitory activity. [125I]labeled membranes bound to cells are located primarily on the cell surface (as determined by electron microscope autoradiography) and are exchangeable with unlabeled membranes. We conclude that binding of membranes to cells is necessary but may not be sufficient for the expression of the growth inhibitory activity of these membranes. This approach provides information not only on the average level of binding of membranes to cells, but also provides a quantitative assessment of the variation of the level of membrane to cell binding between different cells in the population.
Trends in Dietary Intake among US 2- to 6-Year-Old Children, 1989-2008

Abstract Background Between 1989 and 2008, obesity increased markedly in children of all ages. We examined changes in the diets of children ages 2 to 6 years in the United States between 1989 and 2008. Our study provides new insight into diet changes that might have contributed to the sharp rise in obesity during this period. Objective Our aim was to describe changes in diet among 2- to 6-year-old children from 1989 to 2008 related to sharp rises in obesity during this period. Participants This analysis included 10,647 children ages 2 to 6 years from the following five nationally representative surveys of dietary intake in the United States: Continuing Survey of Food Intake in Individuals 1989-1991 and 1994-1998 and the What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008. Diet data were categorized into groupings using the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill approach. Statistical analyses Analyses were carried out using a single 24-hour dietary recall with appropriate survey weighting. T tests were used to compare means across survey years, with P Results During the 20-year period, there were increases in per capita intake of savory snacks (+51 kcal; P P P P P P P P Conclusions Foods high in added sugars and solid fats, such as savory snacks, pizza/calzones, mixed Mexican dishes, sweet snacks and candy, and fruit juice, predominated the top changes in per capita consumption between 1989 and 2008.