cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90 in the Spinal Cord Improves the Therapeutic Index of Morphine

Abstract Opioid drugs are the gold standard for treating acute and chronic pain, but are limited by negative side effects, including tolerance, constipation, and addiction. New approaches are thus greatly needed to improve opioid therapy and decrease side effects. Our investigations have revealed Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as a critical regulator of opioid receptor signaling, and that inhibition of spinal cord Hsp90 boosts opioid anti-nociception. These findings led us to hypothesize that spinal Hsp90 inhibitor treatment could improve the therapeutic index of opioids, boosting anti-nociception while improving or not altering side effects, enabling a dose-reduction strategy. To test this hypothesis, we injected the Hsp90 inhibitor KU-32 by the intrathecal route into male and female CD-1 mice. We then tested these mice for their response to morphine in a battery of anti-nociception and side effect models. We found that spinal KU-32 treatment increased the anti-nociceptive potency of morphine by 2-4 fold in the tail flick, post-surgical paw incision, and HIV peripheral neuropathy pain models. At the same time, morphine anti-nociceptive tolerance was reduced from 21 fold to 2.9 fold by KU-32 treatment, and established morphine tolerance could be rescued by KU-32 injection. Reward as measured by conditioned place preference and constipation were both unchanged. These results support our hypothesis, and suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors could be a novel approach to improve the therapeutic index of opioids, enable a dose-reduction strategy, and lead to fewer side effects during pain therapy.
Intensity of end-of-life care for gynecologic cancer patients by primary oncologist specialty.

12032Background: The impact of primary oncologist specialty, medical oncology (MO) versus gynecologic oncology (GO), on intensity of care at the end of life (EOL) in elderly patients with gynecolog...
Using a Low Code Development Environment to Teach the Agile Methodology

The Agile development methodology is soaring in popularity in the business world. Companies are turning to Agile to develop products quickly and to achieve digital transformation of their organization. Because of this push, companies need employees who understand Agile. Therefore, higher education is obligated to provide an understanding of Agile to students as they enter the workplace. Providing Agile experience to students who are new to programming is difficult because they are so worried about the coding aspects of the assignment, they cannot take time to think about the methodology they are using. The coding crowds out the time needed to get an understanding of how Agile actually works. One remedy for this is to use a low or no-code development platform. With this type of platform students spend less time learning to create apps, freeing them to experience the rituals and roles of Agile. This study examines using the Agile methodology along with the Microsoft Power Apps platform to provide an Agile experience to students. Two course sections were surveyed to learn if students perceived that they acquired a better understanding of Agile and to learn their perceptions of a no-code platform experience. The students completed surveys to ascertain their comfort with the Agile methodology and whether the no-code environment increased their comfort level. The results showed students perceived the no-code platform increased their comfort with using the Agile methodology. The implication is that no-code platforms can be used broadly to help students to gain experience with Agile.
Towards Decarbonization: Establishing a Sustainable, Equitable, Diverse Workforce in the U.S. Photovoltaic Industry

Decarbonizing the U.S. electric grid by 2035 and the broader U.S. economy by 2050 have been identified as targets to avoid more severe climate change effects. Photovoltaics (PV) is expected to play a major role in any decarbonization efforts, and this would involve significant expansion and development of the PV workforce. This work quantifies the size of the workforce required for high levels of PV deployment that could achieve decarbonization. The demographics of the current workforce are reviewed, and existing workforce development initiatives are reviewed with respect to the magnitude needed for decarbonization, with a focus on equity and diversity.
Can Therapists Design Robot-Mediated Interventions and Teleoperate Robots Using VR to Deliver Interventions for ASD?

Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) have demonstrated success in the delivery of interventions to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To date, these robot-mediated interventions have primarily been designed and implemented by robotics researchers. It remains unclear whether therapists could independently utilize robots to deliver therapies in clinical settings. In this paper, we conducted a study to investigate whether therapists could design and implement robot-mediated interventions for children with ASD. Furthermore, we compared therapists’ performance, efficiency, and perceptions towards using a Virtual Reality (VR) and kinesthetic-based interface for delivering robot-mediated interventions. Overall, our results demonstrated therapists could independently design and implement interventions with a SAR. They were faster at designing a new intervention using VR than a kinesthetic interface. Therapists also had similar performance to delivering inperson interventions when utilizing VR to deliver interventions with the robot. Therapists reported moderate workload using the VR interface and perceived VR to be usable.
Grading foreign aid agencies: Best practices across traditional and emerging donors

Despite the rapid growth of non–Development Assistance Committee (DAC) emerging donors, these non‐traditional donors are historically left out of the discussion on aid effectiveness. In this paper, we provide the first full evaluation of aid agency best practices across multiple agency categories. We rank and compare DAC donors, emerging non‐DAC donors, and multilateral and UN agencies in the following five best practice categories: transparency, overhead costs, aid specialization, selective allocation, and effective delivery channels. Contrary to public impressions that emerging donors engage in worse practices, we find that non‐DAC agencies rank similarly to DAC donors: Both groups are equally poor performers. Emerging donors engage in less aid fragmentation across countries and use fewer ineffective delivery channels. Traditional DAC donors, however, provide more transparent reporting. Overall, we find that multilateral agencies and UN donors outperform both DAC and non‐DAC bilateral agencies. Collectively, our results suggest that most aid donors do not meet their own standards for best practices, and this finding is not unique to emerging donors. We highlight how our results reflect the broader political economy of aid allocation.
The Instagram rhetoric and aesthetic of antiquarian booksellers: A case study

While Internet commerce (e-commerce) and social media commerce (s-commerce) have presented consumers with quicker and easier access to information and purchasing opportunities, they have posed challenges to business that rely on relational selling. The physical separation between the consumer and the business as well as the sheer number of businesses available to the consumer make it easier for consumers to make purchases on a transactional instead of relational basis. Given that antiquarian and collectible bookselling is traditionally built on relational selling strategies (e.g., cultivating customers through personal interactions, discussing customers’ collections, quoting books for sale directly to customers), the shift to transactional Internet commerce has the potential to disrupt a centuries-old business. To adapt with the technological advances and change in consumer habits, some antiquarian and collectible booksellers have taken to Instagram. This case study analyzes the visual and textual elements of Instagram posts by three antiquarian booksellers to determine the extent to which they use the social media platform to establish a brand identity and cultivate customers.
An abbreviated Caprini model for VTE risk assessment in trauma.

The Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) is widely used to assess risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it is cumbersome with 31 variables and poses challenges with inter-rater reliability. This study aimed to determine if an abbreviated model could perform similarly in VTE risk assessment. We performed a retrospective review of trauma patients ≥ 18 years old and admitted for over 24 h at a Level I trauma center from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed to generate Caprini scores. Using a p-value cutoff of 2 h, transfusion, restricted mobility > 72 h, central venous catheter, current major surgery, age, history of VTE, hip or leg fracture, and serious trauma). Compared to the original, the abbreviated model had a similar odds ratio (1.17 vs 1.07, both p-values < 0.001), c-statistic (0.747 vs 0.753), sensitivity (0.73 vs 0.76) and specificity (0.62 vs 0.61). An abbreviated Caprini RAM performs similarly to the original, may streamline workflow and allow for automation in electronic health records, potentially enhancing its use in resource limited settings.
Modeling of the Forward Wave Propagation Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are used in modeling problems in nature and are commonly solved using classical methods like Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Volume Method (FVM), or Finite Difference Method (FDM). However, solving high-dimensional PDEs has been notoriously difficult due to the Curse of Dimensionality (CoD). Among the pool of hyperbolic PDEs, the wave equation in particular is the base for modeling various clinical applications and designing many solutions in the medical fields of therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasound. This draws attention to the importance of accurate and efficient simulation. In recent years, deep neural networks have been proposed to predict numerical solutions of PDEs. Within that context, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have surfaced as a powerful tool for modeling PDEs. We simulate a linear wave equation with a single time-dependent sinusoidal source function e.g.: sin (π t) using PINNs to model one of the most fundamental modeling equations in medical ultrasound applications. Results achieved are validated by an FDM solution with the same problem setup. After training, the PINN prediction takes an average time 47% of the FDM time performed by MATLAB for the same simulation metrics (IC, BC, and domain range) on the same machine. Being a mesh-free approach, PINNs overcome the CoD which is one of the main challenges in traditional modeling methods.
Use and abuse of microprocessors

Patience Clever was sitting in front of a huge keyboard with manuals, pedals and innumerable register keys. But instead of an organ there was only a small spectrometer behind the keyboard. Patience was surrounded by a group of people who were all watching to see how she was going to do a very difficult analysis. She was desperately trying not to make a mistake among all the buttons with inscriptions such as “modfier, full sample volume, double injection and quality control sample” while she had to keep up with pressing “gas stop, magnet on, read, increase temperature” in time Instead of hearing the Toccata in d-minor by J.S. Bach, she only saw a metronome going from side to side every few minutes. “How do you know that the result is correct just from that silly metronome?” asked one of her most important customers. “Is there anyone else who can do this determination?” asked a voice in the background “How do you document the movement of the metronome?” asked someone who looked a little bit like Frank. “I heard that you did the last analysis without modifier!” said an elderly woman who seemed to be the inspector of an accrediting body. Patience felt that she would soon start to cry. She raised the thick book in front of her and yelled “it’s all written down in the vocal score! I can reproduce it!” But all the people around her started to laugh. The guy who looked like Frank had all of a sudden a sort of tape recorder in his hands and said: “this is the latest game boy. You just conect it to the keyboard. Then you have to play that only once, and the next time the game boy will reproduce it exactly”. Patience started to tell all the people that she did not need it because she was an artist but nobody heard her. The recorder was already connected and started a loud “beep, beep, beep, beeeep”. It took some time until Patience was aware that the sound was coming from the alarm clock on her bedside table. She switched off the alarm and allowed herself another five minutes to think about her dream and a bit about the day facing her. “Thank God I am no organ player, and thank God spectrometers are controlled by a computer” she murmured as she finally got up. “However, analytical chemistry is still an art.”
Multi-view Sparse Co-clustering via Proximal Alternating Linearized Minimization

When multiple views of data are available for a set of subjects, co-clustering aims to identify subject clusters that agree across the different views. We explore the problem of co-clustering when the underlying clusters exist in different subspaces of each view. We propose a proximal alternating linearized minimization algorithm that simultaneously decomposes multiple data matrices into sparse row and columns vectors. This approach is able to group subjects consistently across the views and simultaneously identify the subset of features in each view that are associated with the clusters. The proposed algorithm can globally converge to a critical point of the problem. A simulation study validates that the proposed algorithm can identify the hypothesized clusters and their associated features. Comparison with several latest multi-view co-clustering methods on benchmark datasets demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed approach.
Recurrent Acute Toxic Lymphangitis

Over the past 18 years the author has seen 15 patients who have had essentially the same repetitive course of illness. After discussing these patients with my colleagues at meetings for the past decade, they have convinced me that they should be reported. Having mentioned them in related writings, I will now define the clinical picture more specifically (1,2). I believe this entity is aptly described by the title “Recurrent Acute Toxic Lymphangitis”.
Fatigue fracture surface micromorphology in poly(vinyl chloride)

The fatigue fracture surface micromorphology of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied as a function of molecular weight (M), plasticizer content, and residual orientation, with particular attention given to how these variables affect the formation of discontinuous growth bands (DGBs). Discontinuous growth bands, which form on a number of polymeric solids under cyclic loading, represent successive increments of crack extension through a craze zone. As expected, DGB width showed little change in size over the molecular weight range or specimen orientations examined and increased in size with increasing plasticizer content. On the other hand, the cyclic stability of these bands increased markedly with an increase in molecular weight, but to a lesser extent with additions of a plasticizer. The internal structure of the bands became more ragged with increasing M, whereas the addition of a plasticizer reestablished the crisp and well-defined micromorphology associated with DGBs in low-M polymers.
The Control of Apical Bud Growth and Senescence by Auxin and Gibberellin in Genetic Lines of Peas

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines G2 (dwarf) and NGB1769 (tall) (Sn Hr) produce flowers and fruit under long (LD) or short (SD) days, but senesce only under LD. Endogenous gibberellin (GA) levels were inversely correlated with photoperiod (over 9–18 h) and senescence: GA20 was 3-fold and GA1 was 10- to 11-fold higher in flowering SD G2 shoots, and the vegetative tissues within the SD apical bud contained 4-fold higher levels of GA20, as compared with the LD tissues. Prefloral G2 plants under both photoperiods had GA1 and GA20 levels similar to the flowering plants under LD. Levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were similar in G2 shoots in LD or SD; SD apical bud vegetative tissues had a slightly higher IAA content. Young floral buds from LD plants had twice as much IAA as under SD. In NGB1769 shoots GA1 decreased after flower initiation only under LD, which correlated with the decreased growth potential. We suggest that the higher GA1 content of G2 and NGB1769 plants under SD conditions is responsible for the extended vegetative growth and continued meristematic activity in the shoot apex. This and the increased IAA level of LD floral buds may play a role in the regulation of nutrient partitioning, since more photosynthate partitions of reproductive tissue under LD conditions, and the rate of reproductive development in LD peas is faster than under SD.
The dentate gyrus as a filter or gate: a look back and a look ahead.

Abstract The idea of the dentate gyrus as a gate or filter at the entrance to the hippocampus, blocking or filtering incoming excitation from the entorhinal cortex, has been an intriguing one. Here we review the historical development of the idea, and discuss whether it may be possible to be more specific in defining this gate. We propose that dentate function can be understood within a context of Hebbian association and competition: hilar mossy cells help the dentate granule cells to recognize incoming entorhinal patterns of activity (Hebbian association), after which patterns that are consistently and repetitively presented to the dentate gyrus are passed through, while random, more transient patterns are blocked (non-associative Hebbian competition). Translamellar inhibition as well as translamellar potentiation can be understood in this context. The dentate-hilar complex thus plays the role of a “pattern excluder”, not a pattern completer. The unique role of pattern exclusion may explain the peculiar qualities of dentate granule cells and hilar mossy cells.
Incluindo dados fisiológicos na ciência do comportamento: uma análise crítica

The position of behavior analysts on the inclusion of physiological data in behavior analysis varies. David Schaal, a contemporary behavior analyst, addressed advantages of such inclusion to behavior analysis with four arguments: (a) identification of retention mechanisms of operant conditioning; (b) physiology provides explanations when descriptions are not sufficient; (c) elucidation of cellular and neural mechanisms of reinforcement; and (d) characterization of degenerative alterations in the brain. The present paper provides further discussion of these points as to whether they truly represent an advantage to behavior analysis. It is argued and exemplified that behavior analysis and neuroscience are not mutually exclusive. Finally, the conditions under which the inclusion of physiological data in behavior analysis represents an advantage to the field are delineated.
The Business Roundtable's Untenable Case Against Shareholder Access

The Business Roundtable has played a key role in the opposition to the SEC shareholder access proposal. While the strong resistance to the proposal has been thus far successful in discouraging the SEC from adopting it, this paper considers the merits of the Business Roundtable's substantive arguments in opposition to the proposal. The paper provides a detailed examination of the wide range of objections to shareholder access that the Business Roundtable put forward in its submissions to the SEC. I conclude that none of these objections provides a good basis for opposing shareholder access.
Utilization of the Magnetic Entropy in Active Magnetic Regenerator Materials

The magnetic entropy associated with magnetic ordering has been determined for ~20 lanthanide materials and it varies from ~60 to ~90% of the theoretical Rln (2J+l) value. The utilization of this entropy in the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) for a 0 to 7.5 T field change, however, is much less, ranging from ~10 to ~30% at the Curie temperature (TC) for the 23 materials studied. At TC+100K the MCE is found to saturate and the magnetic entropy utilization increases up to ~20 to ~50%. These data indicate that lattice contribution to the heat capacity plays an important role in the magnetocaloric effect.
A self reconfigurable electric motor controller for hybrid electric vehicle applications

In this paper, a novel approach to design a self reconfigurable electric motor controller for hybrid electric vehicle application is proposed. This system detects the current sensors failure and will estimate the current successfully such that the motor continues working safely. The motor model is used for estimating the currents. The phase currents are estimated using Luenberger type observer. The state space equations in this study have been decoupled and linearized using the feedback linearization technique. Hall sensors which have the resolution of 60 degrees have been used instead of high resolution position sensors. The proposed method has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink under different speed commands and different load torques. The results show the excellent performance of the developed method. The developed observer can also successfully stand for the current sensors during the whole operating time. The proposed drive is implemented on a three phase, four pole interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor and the Texas Instruments TMS320LF2407 digital signal processor is used for performing the digital control algorithm. Experimental results show the successful operation of the proposed system.
Capillary Waveguide Biosensor Platform

The design and characterization of a fully automated and portable capillary waveguide biosensor are discussed in this chapter. Highly specific target recognition is achieved through hybridization of fluid-borne single-stranded DNA sequences extracted from natural targets to the complimentary nucleic acid sequence (“capture probe”) bound to the inner surface of a capillary. The product of hybridization is enumerated through the use of fluorescent labeling. A novel instantaneous normalization scheme based on two photodetectors, together with the use of a standard reference material, enables independent measurements by the instrument. The probability of false-positive target detection is quantified through the development of a target detection error rate. The instrument exhibits low detection limits (~10−13 M) and repeatability of 6%. The sensor can be rearmed through a denaturing step allowing for sequential detection over an extended time period.
X-Ray Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei

There are a variety of galaxies which are classified as nuclearactive, ranging from those which have nuclei which are merely distinguishable from a stellar component all the way to QSO’s. The subject of this lecture will be only those extreme cases (Seyfert I, BL Lac and quasar) which constitute the most intense compact X-ray sources which are presently known. The luminosities of these sources in the 2–10 keV band range upward of 1042 ergs/s (to more than 1046 ergs/s), while those sources classified Seyfert II or NELG are typically less luminous.
Lack of Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus From Infected Children to Their Household Contacts

The possibility of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from infected children to their contacts has been confronted in households, schools, day-care centers, and other child care settings. Cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and several studies of close contacts of HIV-infected patients suggested that the risk of transmission in these settings is extremely low. However, most of these studies involved infected adults or older children. Younger children, who drool, bite, mouth toys, and are incontinent, may be more likely to transmit HIV in these settings. To assess this possibility, the authors tested 89 members of households in which 25 children with HIV infection, most of whom were preschool-aged, resided. Household members had close personal contact with the infected children. They shared many items likely to be soiled with blood and body fluids, such as toys, toothbrushes, eating utensils, toilets, and bathtubs. Hugging, kissing, sharing a bed, and bathing together were common. Household members were tested no sooner than 4 months after initial contact with the infected child, to allow adequate time for sero-conversion. All 89 participating household members were anti-HIV seronegative, and 78 who were tested were serum p24 antigen negative. It was concluded from this study and other evidence that the risk of transmission from children to their contacts is extremely low and has not been clearly documented in the household setting.
Learners' attitudes toward regional dialects and destination preferences in study abroad

This study explored the impact of short-term study abroad on the language attitudes of college-level learners of Arabic in the United States. It investigated students' destination preferences in various Arabic-speaking countries, their attitudes toward learning Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and regional dialects, and the factors that they perceived as influencing their attitudes. Survey responses from 371 participants indicated that learning Arabic in the Arab world favorably impacted students' attitudes toward dialect learning and sociolinguistic awareness. Students in this sample rejected learning MSA exclusively, believed that learning any dialect was important, and they became open to learning multiple dialects, including those that are less commonly taught. Respondents attributed this attitude shift to the change in their learning context, i.e., learning Arabic in an Arab country.
Benchmark problem in active structural control with wireless sensor network

Summary Structural control systems offer an attractive approach to protect civil infrastructures from natural hazards such as earthquakes. Wireless structural control systems that utilize wireless sensors for sensing, communication, and control have drawn increased attention because of the flexible installation, rapid deployment, and reduced cost. Although there are studies of wireless control systems for civil structures, a benchmark problem that captures not only the dynamics of the plant but also the realistic features of a wireless network has not been available. In this paper, a benchmark model for an active mass driver system with a wireless sensor network is presented. This wireless control benchmark model combines a seismically excited building benchmark model developed with Simulink (Matlab, MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) and a wireless sensor network implemented in simulation using a state-of-the-art wireless simulator TOSSIM (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA). Wireless signal and noise traces collected from a real-world multistory building are used as inputs to TOSSIM to realistically simulate the wireless sensor network. Wireless control design issues such as network-induced delay, data loss, available sensor measurements, measurement noises, and control constraints can be studied with this benchmark model. A sample controller is provided to illustrate the wireless control design. Evaluation criteria have been provided to examine resources and control performances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Approximations to the Flapping Stability of Helicopter Rotors

The flapping equation for a helicopter in forward flight are reported which have coefficients that are periodic in time, and this effect complicates the calculation of stability. A constant coefficient approximation which will allow the use of all the well known methods for analyzing constant coefficient equations are presented. The flapping equation is first transformed into the nonrotating coordinate frame, where some of the periodic coefficients are transformed into constant terms. The constant coefficient approximation is then made by using time averaged coefficients in the nonrotating frame. Stability calculations based on the approximation are compared to results from a theory which correctly includes all of the periodicity. The comparison indicates that the approximation is reasonably accurate at advance ratios up to 0.5.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in breast cancer association with biologic phenotype and clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is associated with aggressive phenotypes in preclinical breast cancer models, but in clinical studies, EGFR has been inconsistently linked to poor outcome. We hypothesized that EGFR expression in human breast tumors, when centrally and uniformly assessed, is associated with an aggressive phenotype and resistance to systemic therapy. METHODS: In a database of 47,286 patients with breast cancer, EGFR status was known on 2567 tumors. EGFR levels were measured centrally by ligand binding assay, and tumors with ≥10 fmol/mg were prospectively deemed positive. Clinical and biological features of EGFR-positive and EGFR-negative tumors were compared. Clinical outcomes were assessed by systemic therapy status. RESULTS: Of 2567 tumors, 475 (18%) were EGFR positive. EGFR-positive tumors were more common in younger and in black women, were larger, had a higher S-phase fraction, and were more likely to be aneuploid. EGFR-positive tumors were more likely to be HER2-positive (26% vs 16%, P < .0001), but less likely to be estrogen receptor-positive (60% vs 88%, P < .0001) or progesterone receptor-positive (26% vs 65%, P < .0001). In multivariate analyses, EGFR expression independently correlated with worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.41, P = .007) and overall survival (HR = 1.98, 95% CI, 1.36-2.88, P = .0004) in treated patients, but not in untreated patients. CONCLUSIONS: EGFR expression is more common in breast tumors in younger and black women. It is associated with lower hormone receptor levels, higher proliferation, genomic instability, and HER2 overexpression. It is correlated with higher risk of relapse in patients receiving adjuvant treatment. Blocking EGFR may improve outcome in selected patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Complement factor 3 deficiency attenuates hemorrhagic shock-related hepatic injury and systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Although complement activation is known to occur in the setting of severe hemorrhagic shock and tissue trauma (HS/T), the extent to which complement drives the initial inflammatory response and end-organ damage is uncertain. In this study, complement factor 3-deficient (C3−/−) mice and wild-type control mice were subjected to 1.5-h hemorrhagic shock, bilateral femur fracture, and soft tissue injury, followed by 4.5-h resuscitation (HS/T). C57BL/6 mice were also given 15 U of cobra venom factor (CVF) or phosphate-buffered saline injected intraperitoneally, followed by HS/T 24 h later. The results showed that HS/T resulted in C3 consumption in wild-type mice and C3 deposition in injured livers. C3−/− mice had significantly lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and circulating DNA levels, together with much lower circulating interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels. Temporary C3 depletion by CVF preconditioning also led to reduced transaminases and a blunted cytokine release. C3−/− mice displayed well-preserved hepatic structure. C3−/− mice subjected to HS/T had higher levels of heme oxygenase-1, which has been associated with tissue protection in HS models. Our data indicate that complement activation contributes to inflammatory pathways and liver damage in HS/T. This suggests that targeting complement activation in the setting of severe injury could be useful.
Finite Element Analysis of Magnesium Alloy Based Bone Fixation Devices

Each year, there are over six million bone fractures in the U.S., over 30% of which require internal fixation devices to stabilize bone fragments during healing [1–2]. Currently, the gold standard materials for these devices are non-degradable titanium alloys. Unfortunately, these devices cause numerous complications and often require a secondary invasive removal surgery [3–4]. To circumvent these issues, resorbable polymeric devices have been developed, but their mechanical limitations render them inadequate for most load bearing applications [5–7].Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The Market Response to the Sioux City DC‐10 Crash

The 1989 DC-10 crash at Sioux City, Iowa presented a rare instance in which a potential threat to safety was both (i) intensely publicized over a short period and (ii) also amenable to the unobtrusive measurement of the market reaction it evoked. As such, it allowed a useful case study of the extent and duration of behavior change caused by a frightening event. Using reservations data from travel agencies in five states, this paper estimates the short-term effects of the Sioux City crash on passenger willingness to fly the DC-10. The data suggest that, in the first few weeks after the crash, more than one third of travelers who would normally have booked DC-10 flights chose instead to fly other aircraft. Within 2 months of the disaster, however, DC-10 bookings rebounded to within 10% of the level that would have been expected had the Sioux City crash not occurred. At no time, apparently, did the airlines that operate DC-10s use their "yield-management" computer pricing systems unofficially to lower DC-10 fares relative to those on other types of plane.
NVS: a substrate for virtualizing wireless resources in cellular networks

This paper describes the design and implementation of a network virtualization substrate (NVS ) for effective virtualization of wireless resources in cellular networks. Virtualization fosters the realization of several interesting deployment scenarios such as customized virtual networks, virtual services, and wide-area corporate networks, with diverse performance objectives. In virtualizing a base station's uplink and downlink resources into slices, \ssr NVS meets three key requirements-isolation, customization, and efficient resource utilization-using two novel features: 1) NVS introduces a provably optimal slice scheduler that allows existence of slices with bandwidth-based and resource-based reservations simultaneously; and 2) NVS includes a generic framework for efficiently enabling customized flow scheduling within the base station on a per-slice basis. Through a prototype implementation and detailed evaluation on a WiMAX testbed, we demonstrate the efficacy of \ssr NVS. For instance, we show for both downlink and uplink directions that \ssr NVS can run different flow schedulers in different slices, run different slices simultaneously with different types of reservations, and perform slice-specific application optimizations for providing customized services.
Growth factors as mediators of androgen action during male urogenital development.

Studies on the developing prostate and seminal vesicle suggest that androgens act via mesenchymal androgen receptors to elicit synthesis and secretion of keratinocyte growth factor and probably other paracrine factors that regulate epithelial growth and morphogenesis. Clearly, the overall regulation of prostatic epithelial growth and ductal branching morphogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving the interaction of both positive and negative regulators, extracellular matrix, cell surface receptors for growth factors, and vascularization. Future progress in our understanding of normal and abnormal prostatic growth will certainly be dependent upon the utilization of appropriate, biologically relevant models to examine the respective roles of these complex developmental processes.
Relationship of Thematic Mapper Simulator Data to Leaf Area Index of Temperate Coniferous Forests

Regional relationships between remote sensing data and the leaf area index (LAI) of coniferous forests were analyzed using data acquired by an Airborne Thematic Mapper. Eighteen coniferous forest stands with a range of projected leaf area index of 0.6-16.1 were sampled from an environmental gradient in moisture and temperature across west-central Oregon. Spectral radiance measurements to account for atmospheric effects were acquired above the canopies from a radiometer mounted on a helicopter. A strong positive relationship was observed between LAI of closed canopy forest stands and the ratio of near-infrared and red spectral bands. A linear regression based on LAI explained 83 percent of the variation in the ratio of the atmospherically corrected bands. A log-linear equation fit the asymptotic characteristic of the relationship better, explaining 91 percent of the variance. The positive relationship is explained by a strong asymptotic inverse relationship between LAI and red radiation and a relatively flat response between LAI and near-infrared radiation.
The effects of regional planning on a rural hospital: A case study

Abstract The growth of regional health planning in the Rochester region is described, and it is pointed out that much of the impetus came from cost-conscious industrial leaders. Then the impact of the increasing regulatory powers of various health planning agencies on one local community attempting to build a new hospital is discussed. The successful effort to build the new hospital has resulted in the attraction of new physicians to the community, which had until then been in danger of losing the few physicians who still provided care to local residents. The new physicians were necessary in order to enlarge the hospital catchment area, attract more patients and pay for the new hospital. Other important consequences for the community were related to the infusion of jobs and money that the new and enlarged hospital provided. Moreover, along with the school system, availability of health care is important if suburbanizing communities are to attract new residents and become economically viable. Thus, the fact that this community was able to build a new hospital gives it a competitive edge over other subdominant communities within the regional economy.
Large-q series expansion for the ground-state degeneracy of the q-state Potts antiferromagnet on the (3.12 2 ) lattice

We calculate the large-$q$ series expansion for the ground state degeneracy (= exponent of the ground state entropy) per site of the $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet on the $(3 \cdot 12^2)$ lattice, to order $O(y^{19})$, where $y=1/(q-1)$. We note a remarkable agreement, to $O(y^{18})$, between this series and a rigorous lower bound derived recently.
Tuning a 2.4-meter telescope... blindfolded

Just as the 2.4 meter Automated Planet Finder (APF) commenced its final shakedown, three significant events occurred: uncontrolled telescope oscillations while tracking, liquidation of the telescope vendor’s primary facility, and the expiration of the vendor warranty. Left with scant documentation, few external resources to draw upon, and limited direct local expertise, University of California Observatories (UCO) embarked on an initiative to stabilize the telescope control system at a minimal internal cost. This paper covers the problems encountered, our solutions, and the compromises made when the budget could not support a complete remedy. Specific topics include: measurement and alignment of linear encoder signals, and custom electronics developed to enable precise alignment of the read heads and adjustment of the interpolation electronics; the use of sensitive accelerometers to isolate and diagnose sources of vibration, and to provide immediate feedback on the stability of the servo tuning; procedures used to adjust the servo control loop, and the observable effects of parameter adjustments; assessment and validation of the performance on-sky.
Improving Performance in Accounting: Evidence for Insisting on Cognitive Conflict Tasks

In spite of continual demands for higher‐order thinking skills in accounting graduates, accounting educators have resisted emphasizing these skills in courses on the assumption that doing so would jeopardize students' grasp of traditional accounting knowledge. We offer experimental results indicating that this fear may be unwarranted. We found that instruction developing higher‐order skills was associated with a significant increase—rather than the feared decrease—in traditional knowledge. We obtained this result by comparing the exam scores in a junior financial accounting course of students who previously completed either traditional accounting principles courses or principles courses with higher‐order learning objectives. In traditional courses, instructors focus on instilling mastery of concepts and procedures through tasks that have demonstrably correct answers, tasks known as intellective tasks. In contrast, cognitive conflict tasks for developing higher‐order skills have no correct answers because ...
Asymptotic results for self-avoiding walks on a Manhattan lattice

Kasteleyn's explicit result for the number of self-avoiding walks which completely fill a “Manhattan-oriented” plane square lattice is reanalyzed asymptotically. The number of N-step walks per lattice point is shown to vary as cN(M) ∼ AμN{1 + O(N-1+∈)} (N → ∞, ∈ > 0) , where A, as well as μ is evaluated explicitly. This result is compared with the form cN ∼ ANαμN (N → ∞) , based on a numerical study of self-avoiding but non-filling walks on the same lattice.
A multi-dimensional population balance model approach to continuous powder mixing processes

Abstract This study is concerned with the development of a novel population balance model (PBM) framework that can qualitatively capture the dynamics of a continuous powder mixing process. For the first time, a PBM has been developed to model powder mixing and it accounts for key design and process parameters such as mixer RPM, processing angle in terms of powder fluxes, along with the effect of number of axial and radial compartments. Via this approach, results clearly show the qualitative validity of the PBM as a tool to capture the dynamics of the process that affect API composition, RSD and RTD. The model also demonstrates the use of the PBM as an overall multi-scale modeling tool to combine micro-level models such as DEM in a hybrid framework. Due to the relative computational simplicity of solving the PBM (as compared to DEM), the developed model can be used effectively in control and optimization of the mixing process.
Tumor masses and other malignancy problems in children presenting acutely in the emergency room

Most often tumor and malignancy-related problems present in an indolent fashion. However, every so often an occult tumor can present as an acute problem. This can happen with the chest ( pain, respiratory distress), abdomen (pain, distention), and extremities ( pain, swelling, limping, paralysis). Examples of such occurrences are presented in this communication. The objective is to familiarize emergency room physicians and radiologists with these potentially misleading clinical presentations.
Application of cDNA microarrays to generate a molecular taxonomy capable of distinguishing between colon cancer and normal colon.

Application of cDNA microarrays to generate a molecular taxonomy capable of distinguishing between colon cancer and normal colon
Panic-fear in asthma: Requests for as-needed medications in relation to pulmonary function measurements

Abstract Requests for as-needed medications and treatments (PRNs) by asthmatic patients scoring high, moderate, or low on the Asthma Symptom Checklist panic-fear category were studied for days when patients were matched at normal, intermediate, and subnormal levels of pulmonary function. Low panic-fear patients were the least likely to request PRNs regardless of the pulmonary function level. In contrast, high panic-fear patients often requested PRNs at each level of pulmonary function. Only moderate panic-fear patients made progressively more PRN requests on days when pulmonary functions were lower. These observations and others concerning the adverse influence of extreme panic-fear coping styles upon the treatment of asthma were discussed.
Surrogates Beyond Borders: Black Members of the United States Congress and the Representation of African Interests on the Congressional Foreign-Policy Agenda

This article proposes a theory of transnational surrogate representation to explain the representation of African interests in the U.S. Congress. The argument is supported through analyses of bill sponsorship and committee hearings between 1979 and 2008. Compared with non-African-American members of Congress, black representatives sponsored significantly more bills related to African issues, and black committee chairs held significantly more hearings on African issues. These findings suggest affective ties associated with transnationalism motivate black representatives to act for an international black constituency. This extends the concept of surrogate representation beyond geopolitical borders, and implies that legislative diversity influences the content of Congress’s foreign-policy agenda.
Not In Between: Lyric Painting, Visual History and the Postcolonial Future

The lyrical radio speeches of Patrice Lumumba are recaptured in the art of Tshibumba Kanda. But in order to understand this spirit of the postcolonial future as a revolutionary, intellectual force, we must make a detour through the work of C.L.R. James and Cedric Robinson. The theory and practice of revolution is bound to the way the individual emerges as a theoretical possibility and phenomenological actuality in and out of the revolutionary ensemble.
Methyl 5-diazolevulinate intervention in chemically induced porphyria of rats

Abstract We have found that methyl 5-diazolevulinate (diazoester) abolishes the excretion of porphobilinogen from rats made porphyric with allylisopropylacetamide. At the same time, the high levels of δ-aminolevulinic acid found in the urine of porphyric rats are not significantly altered by diazoester. Induction of convulsions in porphyric rats by 4-methoxymethylpyridoxine is unaffected by diazoester, indicating that porphobilinogen is not a factor in the neurological consequences of porphyria, and that a precursor of porphobilinogen must be responsible. Only one precursor, δ-aminolevulinic acid, in a reasonable choice as the agent involved in the neurological changes. It was postulated that pyridoxal derivatives of δ-aminolevulinic acid strongly inhibit enzymes controlling the metabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter, and that the neurological effects observed arise from an imbalance in γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations. It was suggested that a strong inhibitor for δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase might be useful in the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria. The diazoester represents an example of a potentially useful class of compounds, the diazoketones, and its use in rats at relatively high dosages demonstrates that such compounds, given the appropriate specificities, are not very toxic on a short-term basis.
Evidence from project star about class size and student achievement

When considering the adoption of any change or new program a policymaker has three major questions to answer. First, how effective will the change be? Second, how much will it cost? And third, what are the problems of implementation, including the support or opposition of the clients and staff (teachers) who implement it? When looking at the issue of