cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resorbable clip migration in the collecting system after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

A complication is reported in which Lapra-Ty absorbable suture clips (Ethicon EndoSurgery) migrated from a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy bed into the collecting system, causing renal colic. During surgery performed with hilar occlusion, visual inspection did not reveal collecting system entry. Transected vessels were oversewn with absorbable suture secured with Lapra-Tys. Absorbable bolsters were placed in the parenchymal bed, and compression sutures secured with Lapra-Tys were placed through the renal capsule. Six weeks postoperatively, the patient developed ipsilateral renal colic, and computed tomography demonstrated several 3-mm opacities within the ureter. After 2 weeks of conservative management, he spontaneously passed several Lapra-Ty clips.
A solid oxide fuel cell operating on hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur-containing fuels

Abstract A new class of materials based on La x Sr 1− x VO 3− δ (LSV) has been studied as the anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating on H 2 S-containing fuels. The LSV-based anodes are chemically and electrochemically stable under SOFC operating conditions. Furthermore, they appear to be active towards the preferential oxidation of H 2 S over hydrogen, as suggested by open circuit voltage, impedance spectra, and cell performance measurements using various H 2 S and H 2 fuel mixtures. A system with configuration LSV/YSZ/LSM–YSZ showed a maximum power density of 90 mW/cm 2 at 220 mA/cm 2 with a 5% H 2 S–95% N 2 fuel mixture at 1273 K. This same cell configuration showed a maximum power density of 135 mW/cm 2 at 280 mA/cm 2 when the fuel was a 5% H 2 S–95% H 2 mixture at 1273 K. Cell performances were stable and showed no significant deterioration during a 48 h period. Impedance measurements showed overall cell resistances decreased with increasing temperature and H 2 S content of the fuel. The results are promising due to the drastic improvement in sulfur tolerance compared to the current generation of SOFC anode materials.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph node in patients with suspected lung cancer after positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans.

Background The treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on the stage. Positron emission and computed tomography (CT) scans can identify suspicious lymph nodes that require biopsy. We prospectively evaluated the yield and accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in sampling mediastinal lymph nodes and compared its accuracy to that of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and CT in staging NSCLC. Methods A consecutive series of patients with suspicious nodes on PET or CT scan in the posterior mediastinal lymph node stations (#5, 7, 8, or 9) were prospectively evaluated by EUS-FNA. The reference standard included thoracotomy with complete lymphadenectomy in patients with lung cancer or if EUS-FNA was benign, repeat clinical imaging, or long-term follow-up. Results There were 104 patients (63 men) with 125 lesions (117 lymph nodes, 8 left adrenal glands) who underwent EUS-FNA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of EUS-FNA were 92.5%, 100%, 100%, 94%, and 97%, respectively. EUS-FNA was more accurate and had a higher positive predictive value than the PET or CT (p Conclusions EUS-FNA is a safe, accurate, and minimally invasive technique that improves the staging of patients with NSCLC. It is more accurate and has a higher predictive value than either the PET scan or CT scan for posterior mediastinal lymph nodes.
Acinar Pancreatic Tumor with Metastatic Fat Necrosis Report of a Case and Review of Rheumatic Manifestations

This report deals with a pancreatic tumor associated with metastatic fat necrosis. Our patient displayed the full gamut of nodular panniculitis, polyarthritis, fever, eosinophilia, hyperlipasemia, lytic bones lesions, and marrow fat necrosis. The rheumatologic features are reviewed. Elevated serum lipase is a most helpful laboratory confirmation. The tumor in our patient presented a difficult problem in classification. Although the appearance under light microscopy was most compatible with islet cell carcinoma or islet cell carcinoid, the ultrastructural characteristics were those of acinar carcinoma.
The Aborption and Dispersion of Celluloid between 300A and 1000A

The linear absorption coefficient of celluloid has been measured between 300A and 1000A and found to reach a maximum value of 1.1×106 per cm at 800A where a film 100A thick transmits 30 percent. The reflecting power of celluloid mirrors at various angles of incidence has been measured for six wave lengths in this region. From these reflection power curves and extinction coefficients, by using Fresnel’s equations the refractive indices have been calculated for these wave lengths. The dispersion curve passes through unity at 800A, reaches a minimum at 550A and is approaching unity again at 400A. The total absorption between 300A and 3000A accounts for 126 electrons per molecule of cellulose nitrate. Exclusive of the K electrons of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which show absorption near 40A, there are 192 electrons per molecule.
United States – Section 129(c)(1) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (WTO Doc. WT/DS22/R of 15 July 2002): Beating Around (The) Bush

In this dispute, Canada attacks Section 129(c)(1) of the US trade legislation as a result of the entry into force of the Uruguay Round Agreements [Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA), hereinafter “Section 129”] which provides that a new antidumping or countervailing duty determination made by the Department of Commerce (DOC) or the International Trade Commission (ITC) to bring a previous antidumping, countervailing duty or injury determination into conformity with an adverse WTO panel or Appellate Body report applies only to imports that enter the United States on or after the date that the United States Trade Representative (USTR) directs implementation of the new determination.
Intraoperative Monitoring for Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy is the most frequently performed procedure for the prevention of stroke. Strict selection criteria are applied to determine surgical candidates for CEA as indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe carotid stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy is associated with procedural and periprocedural risks including stroke (embolic or hemodynamic), myocardial infarction, as well as cranial nerve palsy resulting from traction on the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Recent attention has turned to a less invasive surgical approach to treat carotid stenosis, carotid stenting. Stenting and endarterectomy have shown comparable efficacy, but more randomized studies are needed [1].
Status and Appraisal of Research in Farm Tenancy

The problems associated with farm tenancy have recently received a great deal of attention, as reflected in the nation-wide interest in the President's Committee on Farm Tenancy during the winter of 1936-37;1 the Bankhead-Jones Tenant Act passed by Congress in the summer of 1937; the Farm Landlord and Tenant Relationship Act passed by the Oklahoma legislature in 1937, and repealed in 1939;2 the appointment of state farm tenancy committees by the governors of Arkansas3 and Iowa;4 the request by the state legislature of South Carolina that the extension division at Clemson College study the farm tenancy situation and report to the legislature at the next session; and the bills passed by the state legislatures of Kentucky and North Carolina authorizing the governors to appoint a farm tenancy commission. The purpose of the state farm tenancy committees and commissions has been to investigate the problem of farm tenancy in the state with a view to encouraging home ownership, improving landlord-tenant relationships, and suggesting legislative requirements which will lead to the improvement of farm tenure conditions. The interest in farm tenancy may also be seen in the bills introduced in different state legislatures. Iowa passed a law in 19395 which modified the procedure for termination of agricultural leases so that the tenant can continue on the farm for the following crop year upon the terms and conditions of the original lease unless written notice of termination is given by either party not later than November 1.
A Look Back at the Future of the Accounting Profession

The past has often offered a unique vantage point from which to view the future. In a speech given at the First Annual Accountants' Day at Texas Christian University, Stettler (1968) discussed anticipated changes in professional auditing practice and in the accountant who would provide these services. Stettler (1968) commented that the profession was often criticized for its 'crawfish' or backward-looking approach to facing and responding to changing economic and social climates. In light of such criticism, Stettler (1968) made several predictions regarding the state of the profession in the year 2000. The purpose of the paper is to reflect on his predictions and to examine why some expectations have been met; while others have not. Stettler's predictions were an effort to look at what lay ahead for the profession. Each prediction was grounded in the history of the profession and the recognition that certain events were destined to impact both the accounting professional and the services he provided. Due to recent events in the business and regulatory climates, the profession is once again faced with reexamining its role in the community and preserving the integrity of the capital markets. Within this context, Stettler's predictions can serve to guide and facilitate needed discussion. Such discussion is crucial to the viability of the profession and necessary to generate conversation among all stakeholders - practitioners, clients, regulators, educators, students and the society at large - to insure the profession remains responsive to their collective needs.
Small-Scale Propellers Operating in the Vortex Ring State

The behavior of small-scale propellers operating in vertical descent and through the vortex ring state (VRS) was measured. In particular, a total of 26 propellers with diameters ranging from 9 to 11 in. (0.229 to 0.279 m) were tested in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) 2.8×4 ft (0.853×1.219 m) low-turbulence wind tunnel at low Reynolds numbers to measure the propeller thrust over a range of advance ratios from −0.8 to 0 (rapid descent to hover). Also, time histories of the measured thrust for different propellers were recorded to characterize the unsteady thrust fluctuations for advance ratios through the vortex ring state. The effects of propeller geometry, e.g. pitch and planform effects, on the thrust characteristics of these propellers in the vortex ring state is discussed.
The mycological diet of the Yanomam Indians.

During 1971 I spent considerable time amongst the Yanomam (or commonly known as the Waika) Indians. We walked an Indian trail in Roraima Territory, Brazil, from Serra dos Surucucus to the Rio Uraricoeira. This trail passes through six different Yanomam villages. Since edible fungi are much sought after by these Indians, and since fungi play an important role in their diet, collections were made from several localities along the trail. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this interesting use of fungi, and to cite readily available herbarium material of the fungi used by the Yanomams. A summary of the known Brazilian Indian uses of fungi was given by Fidalgo (1965). In that paper Fidalgo suggested that fungi do not play an important role for the Brazilian Indians. This is certainly true in the majority of tribes which I have visited. However, the Yanomam of the northwest of Roraima Territory are exceptional in that they greatly value fungi as part of their normal diet. This is apparently the first report of such a use by the Yanomams as they are not listed by Fidalgo, who also did not list any of the species reported here. TABLE I summarizes the details of the four edible species which we collected. The Indians informed us that they also ate two additional species which were not in season in February and March, the months that we visited their region. The Neoclitocybe (10516) is boiled in water and then cooled before it is eaten. The Indians were most insistent that this agaric must be cooked and cooled, and they would not touch it unless thus prepared. The three species of Polyporus are eaten raw. All of the above fungi look rather similar to the nonspecialist. They are all colored white and grow on dead logs. The Indians, however, lmeyer, J. 1 69. Perithecial ha rs with ph alides in S athulospora phycoila. Myc logia 6 : 10 2-1015. 972. A revision of Halospha riaceae. Canad. J. Bot. 50: 1951-1963.
Application of Three Dimensional Laser Scanning Technology in Differentiated Lightning Protection for Transmission Lines

Regarding as an effective method to master lightning protection performance of transmission lines and clarify effective methods for the key point of lightning protection,the differentiated lightning protection assessment is approved by operation and management departments at all levels.As impacting factors on the protection of shielding failure,terrain and landform and structure of transmission towers is important basic parameters to be acquired for the assessment on lightning protection.To research the technique to acquire terrain and landform parameters of whole spans structural parameters of transmission towers and the method to apply these parameters in the assessment on lightning protection performance,it is proposed that at first based on three-dimensional laser scanning data a three-dimensional model of line corridor should be established;then whole span terrain and landform parameters and structural parameters of transmission towers,which is necessary for differentiated lightning protection assessment,are extracted from the established model;and then the performance of whole span shielding failure protection are extracted from the established model is assessed.Using the proposed method to assess the shielding failure rate of a certain typical 220 kV transmission line located in mountain area and comparing the assessment results with actual record of shielding failure fault of this line,comparison results show that the assessment results well conform to the records of shielding failure fault,thus the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Spraying Performance of High-pressured Electrostatic Sprayer TEPEC-B1

Through to the atomization performance test experiment, the advantages and the usage of the TEPEC-B1 high pressure static electricity sprayer's atomization had been discussed in order to use it effectively. The high-pressured electrostatic sprayer (HPES) TPEC-B1 was tested for its atomization distance, atomization density and atomization quantity, compared with the common sprayer. Results indicated that comparing with common sprayer and non-electrostatic sprayer, the droplets density of HPES was much higher at the both sides of target; the droplets size of HPES was much smaller. The droplets size of HPES was 1/4 to 1/3 of that of common sprayer, droplet table is narrower, and the atomization quality was better than common sprayer. Different gear was used to adjust atomization distance and atomization amount, thus, TPEC-B1 HPES was fit for protection land vegetable pests control.
Zhen Baoyu and Jia Baoyu - A Contrast and Foil of True and False

Zhen Baoyu and Jia Baoyu in "A Dream of Red Mansions" are two figures with the same thought and character. Their temperaments were quite similar when they were young, but they began to split when they became youths. Zhen Baoyu joined the feudal nobles and became a person seeking for high position and handsome salary while Jia Baoyu betrayed his feudal noble family and became a monk. The novel, with the contrast of true and false and the foil of each other, created two contrasting figures before us and showed us the life attitudes and life styles of different intellectuals, expressing the writer's praise and censure as well as love and hate.
Effect of Viscoplastic Constitutive Behavior on Residual Stresses in Metal Matrix Composites

Metal matrix composites (MMC) are being seriously considered for use in future aerospace applications because of their high specific strength and stiffness. These composites are exposed to elevated temperatures (homologous temperature > 0.5) during processing and in service. The strength, stiffness and fatigue properties of MMCs are strongly influenced by the presence of processing induced residual stresses arising from the inherent thermal mismatch of the constituents; induced when the composite is cooled from the consolidation temperature. Previous studies [1,2] indicate that residual stresses in the fiber and the matrix reach significant levels and are high enough to cause the matrix material to exhibit inelastic behavior in some composite systems.
Spacing, Movements, and Orientation

This chapter focuses on spacing, movement, and orientation of amphibians and reptiles. Within species, both intrinsic (age, life history stage, size, sex, and reproductive status) and extrinsic (environmental quality, season, temperature, and humidity) factors contribute to the patterns of movement. Movements are critical for locating food and mates and avoiding environmental extremes and predators. Within species, individuals often move within an area that they do not defend from conspecifics, called the “home range.” Movements and home ranges of reptiles and amphibians vary considerably, both among and within species. Home ranges can and often do vary through time or space; they can change radically following single events. For some species they may not even exist. Home ranges are not defended, and other individuals may use parts of them. Overlap in home ranges among individuals can be considerable. In amphibians and reptiles, when territoriality occurs, males are most often territorial and females are not. In a few species, females defend a territory as well. Most often, territories defended by males contain females whose home ranges are included within the male territory. Because territoriality allows individuals to maintain control over resources, it involves competition among individuals within species for resources that ultimately contribute to individual fitness. Moreover, spacing typically implies the spatial distribution of individuals within a species and, more specifically, within a local population. As a result, spacing usually focuses on home ranges and territories. Orientation can involve visual, olfactory, auditory, or even magnetic cues, each of which requires a different system for reception. It requires some sort of map and a compass.
Revisional Surgery for Achalasia

A laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication is considered today the surgical procedure of choice for patients with achalasia. Even though the operation has a very high success rate, dysphagia recurs in some patients. When this happens, it is important to perform a careful work-up to identify the cause and to design a tailored treatment plan. In general, patients with persistent or recurrent dysphagia present with a narrowing of the esophageal lumen (caused by the disease or the incomplete correction of the problem at the initial operation). This narrowing can be dealt with, successfully, by endoscopic means in many patients. Some may need revisional surgery. The best results are obtained in centers where radiologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons have experience in the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. The diagnosis and proper management of patients with recurrent (or residual) dysphagia after Heller myotomy are discussed in this chapter.
Linden Lab: Crossing the Chasm

In early 2008, managers at Linden Lab, creator of the virtual world Second Life, faced decisions about the company's growth strategy. Despite profound initial skepticism about demand for a user-generated virtual world that was not a traditional game, Second Life had achieved profitability and strong growth. However, sustaining growth would prove challenging. Growth had strained Linden Lab's technical infrastructure. Also, although Second Life had attracted a large, loyal base of early adopters, it was unclear whether their preferences were similar to those of mainstream consumers. In this context, management faced choices about platform strategy and target markets. Should Linden Lab continue to offer an open platform or build its own solutions for customers? Should it target adult consumers, teens, enterprise customers, or the education market?
ADAMTS13 Autoantibodies, Antigen and Proteolytic Activity in Patients with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

Many patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) harbor autoantibodies against the ADAMTS13 protease, which can block proteolytic activity or accelerate clearance of this protease. The autoantibodies may be categorized as ‘inhibitory’ antibodies that bind and inhibit ADAMTS13 activity in vitro and ‘non-inhibitory’ antibodies that may bind, but do not affect the ADAMTS13 activity. The pathophysiologic role of two types of anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies on the level of ADAMTS13 antigen and activity remains unclear. To address this question, the relationship between the autoantibodies, and the levels of antigen and proteolytic activity in 40 patients with TTP (26 idiopathic and 14 non-idiopathic) was determined. The diagnosis of TTP was based on the presence of thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with or without renal dysfunction and neurological symptoms. The ADAMTS13 antigen was determined by ELISA (American Diagnostica, Stamford CT). The ADAMTS13 autoantibodies were determined by Technozyme-ELISA (Technoclone GmbH, Vienna, Austria) and Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. The ADAMTS13 activity was determined by Fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRETS)-VWF73. The results showed that: 1) autoantibodies were present in 24 of 40 (60%) of all TTP patients, 19 of 26 (73%) in idiopathic TTP and 5 of 14 (36%) in non-idiopathic TTP. The prevalence of non-inhibitory autoantibodies was approximately 31% (8/26) in patients with idiopathic TTP and 36% (5/14) in patients with non-idiopathic TTP; 2) there was a positive correlation between the ADAMTS13 antigen levels and enzymatic activity in 36 samples tested (r=0.665, P in vivo .
Objectively estimating the temporal evolution of accuracy and skill in a global ocean reanalysis

The accuracy of ocean reanalyses is acknowledged to have increased dramatically during the last few decades, as a consequence of the evolution of the oceanic and atmospheric observing networks. Because of evolution of the atmospheric observing system, a similar accuracy increase also occurs in assimilation-free global ocean simulations. However, the temporal evolution of traditional accuracy metrics based on comparing reanalyses with observations is affected by the change in the number and spatial sampling of the verifying observations themselves. To disentangle the accuracy evolution and the changes in the verifying dataset, procedures insensitive to the latter are recommended. A simple and easy-to-implement methodology inspired by bootstrapping is proposed, specifically conceived for objectively estimating the accuracy and skill evolution of reanalyses over long (e.g. inter-decadal) periods. This allows the artificial impact of the observational network evolution on the verification metrics, which generally led to under-estimated accuracy at the beginning of the reanalysis period and much too sharp an increase later, to be overcome. Applied to the assessment of ocean temperature accuracy and skill in a state-of-the-art eddy-permitting global ocean reanalysis covering the period 1982–2012, the methodology illuminates the crucial impact on the upper ocean (top 100 m) reanalysis skill of both the atmospheric and oceanic observing network evolution, the former leading to a quicker skill increase. Conversely, the fundamental effect of the oceanic observing network below 100 m emerges from the study, as the assimilation-free simulation shows no skill at any time in the comparison against observations.
Toward high-resolution NMR spectroscopy of microscopic liquid samples

A longstanding limitation of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy is the requirement for samples to have macroscopic dimensions. Commercial probes, for example, are designed for volumes of at least 5 μL, in spite of decades of work directed toward the goal of miniaturization. Progress in miniaturizing inductive detectors has been limited by a perceived need to meet two technical requirements: (1) minimal separation between the sample and the detector, which is essential for sensitivity, and (2) near-perfect magnetic-field homogeneity at the sample, which is typically needed for spectral resolution. The first of these requirements is real, but the second can be relaxed, as we demonstrate here. By using pulse sequences that yield high-resolution spectra in an inhomogeneous field, we eliminate the need for near-perfect field homogeneity and the accompanying requirement for susceptibility matching of microfabricated detector components. With this requirement removed, typical imperfections in microfabricated components can be tolerated, and detector dimensions can be matched to those of the sample, even for samples of volume ≪5 μL. Pulse sequences that are robust to field inhomogeneity thus enable small-volume detection with optimal sensitivity. We illustrate the potential of this approach to miniaturization by presenting spectra acquired with a flat-wire detector that can easily be scaled to subnanoliter volumes. In particular, we report high-resolution NMR spectroscopy of an alanine sample of volume 500 pL.
Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Eradicate or Utilize? Part II: Potential Use as an Industrial Fiber Source after Hot Water Extraction

The potential usefulness of an invasive common reed as biomass feed to a biorefinery was investigated. This investigation focused on the cellulosic fiber and a comparison of with and without a hot-water extraction (HWE) pretreatment process step. Handsheets were made before and after bleaching and compared to handsheets made from other pulped grass family (Poaceae) fibers. Machine-made simulated copy-grade paper was compared with and without HWE at varied percentages of reed replacement for hardwood fiber in the furnish. The HWE appeared to cause a dramatic increase in the tensile and burst strength while the tear strength reduced slightly. The effects of HWE on woody biomass strength properties were compared.
BVA’s guidance on the General Data Protection Regulation

Thank you for the opportunity to respond to Mr MacKellar’s letter. We apologise for any misunderstanding or confusion that the publication of our guidance on GDPR has caused. BVA worked with a specialist data protection advisor …
Scale-dependent effects of Gypsophila paniculata invasion and management on plant and soil nematode community diversity and heterogeneity

Abstract Invasion by exotic plant species has led to concerns of homogenization of biotic communities. Where plant invasion occurs, heterogeneity in plant community composition can decrease, even when other diversity responses are minimal. Homogenization of soil communities may also result from exotic plant invasion, though responses of soil communities to plant invasion are relatively understudied. In a long-term study underway since 2007, we examined effects of invasion and subsequent management of Gypsophila paniculata, a large invasive forb on Lake Michigan sand dunes, on aboveground plant community diversity and heterogeneity and belowground nematode community diversity and heterogeneity using Bray-Curtis and Jaccard dissimilarity measures. While invasion and management had only minor effects on plant and nematode richness and Shannon diversity, we found that invasion reduced plant and nematode community heterogeneity while management of the invasive species increased heterogeneity at smaller spatial scales. However, at larger spatial scales, neither invasion nor management had any effect on plant or nematode community heterogeneity. Overall this indicates that this invasion had the effect of homogenizing local communities, while landscape-level heterogeneity was unaffected. Reduced heterogeneity, particularly belowground, could have effects on plant community dynamics, since plant-soil interactions can contribute to continued invasion. Including the study of the soil community will enhance our understanding of community responses during exotic plant invasion and management.
Collagen disease: the enemy within.

Surprisingly, the autoimmune diseases predominate in women of childbearing years. Recent evidence suggests that these diseases are the result of some interaction of the hypothalamic-gonadal axis with the immune system. The median age for rheumatoid arthritis is 45 years, the median age for lupus erythematosus is 25. Other illnesses, which are autoimmune in character, such as Sjogren syndrome, scleroderma and the vasculitides, are also more commonly found in women. There is no link that ties these illnesses together, except for gender and various disparate immune manifestations such as autoantibodies. The etiopathogenesis of these diseases is reviewed. These diseases are notoriously difficult to diagnose; they mimic other illnesses in their early presentations. Accompanying illnesses such as migraine headaches, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and fibromyalgia are discussed as related entities. Immunosuppression of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, is discussed. Various methods of management are considered, such as the use of steroids, cytotoxic agents, and new experimental agents, such as DHEA and IVIG.
Effective immunity to dental caries: selective induction of secretory immunity by oral administration of Streptococcus mutans in rodents.

The bacterium Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a principal microbial agent in dental caries in man (1) and experimental animals (2), although other bacterial species probably contribute to this disease (3). Dental caries develops in the presence of saliva in which secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) is the predominant antibody (4). Recent animal studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between salivary s-IgA antibodies to either S. mutans whole cells (5,6) or glucosyltransferase preparations of S. mutans (7) and a reduction in the incidence of S. mutans induced dental caries. However, in all of these studies, significant levels of specific serum antibodies were detected that might have potentially adverse effects on the host (8,9). Other investigations have indicated that orally-ingested antigens can effectively induce a secretory immune response with little or no serum response (10,11). Our studies in rodents have demonstrated that oral administration of S. mutans antigen induced the production of specific s-IgA antibodies in colostrum, milk and saliva and afforded protection against subsequent infection (12).
The Influence of the Completion

There is no survey of the material on conic sections written by Ibn al-Haytham’s successors, and many of the relevant manuscripts are not easily accessible. Thus I have not been able to examine more than a fraction of the texts in which traces of the Completion could possibly be found; therefore, I cannot draw any definite conclusion about the circulation and influence of the Completion in later Arabic geometry. But it seems that the technical character of the work prevented it from being widely studied, and that its influence was therefore very limited. The Completion was entirely unknown in medieval Europe.
Respiratory burst in adherent human neutrophils: triggering by colony- stimulating factors CSF-GM and CSF-G

Human neutrophils adherent to proteins derived from serum or plasma, or to the basement membrane protein laminin, underwent a delayed but massive respiratory burst in response to recombinant human CSF-GM or CSF-G. No such response was elicited from neutrophils in suspension. On a molar basis, CSF-GM (EC50 approximately 126 pmol/L) and CSF-G (EC50 approximately 585 pmol/L) were about as potent as TNF alpha and TNF beta in their elicitation of H2O2 release and orders of magnitude more potent than previously studied formylated peptides or C5a. CSF-GM and CSF-G prime suspended neutrophils for a respiratory burst in response to soluble agonists, such as formylated peptides. Compared to the CSF-primed respiratory burst of nonadherent neutrophils, the CSF-triggered response of adherent neutrophils is markedly more delayed in onset (73 to 95 minutes), prolonged in duration (150 to 180 minutes), and greater in extent (approximately 60 to 100 nmol H2O2 released/10(6) neutrophils). Neither CSF-M, interleukin-3 (IL-3), nor bacterial lipopolysaccharide triggered the respiratory burst in adherent neutrophils, nor did CSF-GM or CSF-G trigger a respiratory burst in adherent monocytes. Release of CSF-GM and CSF-G in response to antigens, bacterial products, or cytokines may give mononuclear cells control over the respiratory burst of noncirculating neutrophils during inflammatory and immune responses.
Nanospectroscopy Captures Nanoscale Compositional Zonation in Barite Solid Solutions

Scientists have long suspected that compositionally zoned particles can form under far-from equilibrium precipitation conditions, but their inferences have been based on bulk solid and solution measurements. We are the first to directly observe nanoscale trace element compositional zonation in <10 µm-sized particles using X-ray fluorescence nanospectroscopy at the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN) Beamline at National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II). Through high-resolution images, compositional zonation was observed in barite (BaSO4) particles precipitated from aqueous solution, in which Sr2+ cations as well as HAsO42− anions were co-precipitated into (Ba,Sr)SO4 or Ba(SO4,HAsO4) solid solutions. Under high salinity conditions (NaCl ≥ 1.0 M), bands contained ~3.5 to ~5 times more trace element compared to the center of the particle formed in early stages of particle growth. Quantitative analysis of Sr and As fractional substitution allowed us to determine that different crystallographic growth directions incorporated trace elements to different extents. These findings provide supporting evidence that barite solid solutions have great potential for trace element incorporation; this has significant implications for environmental and engineered systems that remove hazardous substances from water.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagic and apoptotic cell death, and immune activation by a natural triterpenoid in human prostate cancer cells.

Though the current therapies are effective at clearing an early stage prostate cancer, they often fail to treat late-stage metastatic disease. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of a natural triterpenoid, ganoderic acid DM (GA-DM), on two human prostate cancer cell lines: the androgen-independent prostate carcinoma (PC-3), and androgen-sensitive prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP). Cell viability assay showed that GA-DM was relatively more toxic to LNCaP cells than to PC-3 cells (IC50 s ranged 45-55 µM for PC-3, and 20-25 µM for LNCaP), which may have occurred due to differential expression of p53. Hoechst DNA staining confirmed detectable nuclear fragmentation in both cell lines irrespective of the p53 status. GA-DM treatment decreased Bcl-2 proteins while it upregulated apoptotic Bax and autophagic Beclin-1, Atg5, and LC-3 molecules, and caused an induction of both early and late events of apoptotic cell death. Biochemical analyses of GA-DM-treated prostate cancer cells demonstrated that caspase-3 cleavage was notable in GA-DM-treated PC-3 cells. Interestingly, GA-DM treatment altered cell cycle progression in the S phase with a significant growth arrest in the G2 checkpoint and enhanced CD4 + T cell recognition of prostate tumor cells. Mechanistic study of GA-DM-treated prostate cancer cells further demonstrated that calpain activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress contributed to cell death. These findings suggest that GA-DM is a candidate for future drug design for prostate cancer as it activates multiple pathways of cell death and immune recognition.
Familial Chylomicronaemia: A Neonate with Milky White Blood

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v38i2.20473 Familial Chylomicronaemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by deficiency or absence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or its co-factor apoC-II which causes severe elevation of triglyceride and chylomicron resulting in lipaemic plasma, recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis, eruptive xanthomas, hepato-splenomegaly and lipaemiaretinalis. We report a case of term female neonate with lipaemic plasma, lipemia retinalis, markedly elevated triglyceride level which is consistent with diagnosis of Familial Chylomicronaemia. Keywords: Familial Chylomicronemia, lipemic plasma, triglyceride level, Lipemia retinalis
Engineering learning

Theoretical development in the area of engineering learning requires synergistic interaction among scholars in engineering education and learning sciences. To make theoretical progress we need to examine what makes engineering unique compared to other domains as well as build on existing work on learning in related domains of mathematics and science education. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together scholars from both communities to review existing work and produce guidelines for future work.
Building on Social Science: Theoretic Foundations for Modelers

This chapter reviews social-scientific principles that modelers should be aware of as they attempt to describe social-behavioral systems.
Thermal imaging and heat islands: Cross-discipline learning in optics and meteorology

There are many interesting ways in which optics and meteorology intersect and provide cross-discipline learning opportunities. One example is the use of thermal imaging to illustrate the principles underlying urban heat islands (UHIs), found on scales from the mesoscale to the microscale, which give rise to increased temperatures in urban settings. The most common way of documenting such phenomena is through traditional meteorological measurements. This presentation describes the use of a thermal infrared imager to document and help explain micro-scale UHIs observed initially as a persistent difference in air temperature measured by two nearly identical weather stations separated by 2.79 km in Bozeman, Montana. Mobile meteorological measurements from a backpack-mounted weather station, carried throughout the surrounding area at different times of year and compared with the stationary campus weather station, verified the presence and scale of a micro-heat island. This also identified one such micro UHI that existed when the immediate surroundings contained man-made materials such as concrete and asphalt adjacent to natural vegetation. Thermal images from the radiometrically calibrated imager recorded the diurnal thermal signature of man- made and natural surfaces. The thermal images help to explain process that are occurring, whereas most traditional meteorological instrumentation may not provide process-based information. Time-series plots of the infrared brightness temperatures show that the man-made materials emit elevated levels of thermal radiation long after the end of direct solar heating, while natural vegetation quickly comes into thermal equilibrium with the ambient air. The combination of traditional and nontraditional instrumentation document and explain processes occurring in micro UHIs that vary rapidly in space with changing ground cover.
Stable Engraftment of a Human Gut Bacterial Microbiome in Double Humanized BLT-mice

Abstract Background Humanized mice featuring a functional human immune system are an important pre-clinical model for examining immune responses to human-specific pathogens. This model has been widely utilized to study human diseases that are otherwise impossible or difficult to investigate in humans or with other animal models. However, one limitation of using humanized mice is their native murine gut microbiome, which significantly differs from the one found in humans. These differences may be even greater for mice housed and bred in specific pathogen free conditions. Given the importance of the gut microbiome to human health and disease, these differences may profoundly impact the ability to translate the results from humanized mice studies to human disease. Further, there is a critical need for improved pre-clinical models to study the complex in vivo relationships of the gut microbiome, immune system, and human disease. We therefore created double humanized mice with both a functional human immune system and stable human-like gut microbiome. Results Surgery was performed on NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidII2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice to create bone-marrow, liver, thymus (BLT) humanized mice. After immune reconstitution, mice were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics to deplete murine gut bacteria and then transplanted with fecal material from healthy human donors. Characterization of 173 fecal samples obtained from 45 humanized mice revealed that double humanized mice had unique 16S rRNA gene profiles consistent with those of the individual human donor samples. Importantly, transplanted human-like gut microbiomes were stable in mice for the duration of the study, up to 14.5 weeks post-transplant. Microbiomes of double humanized mice also harbored predicted functional capacities that more closely resembled those of the human donors compared to humanized mice. Conclusions Here, we describe successful engraftment of a stable human microbiome in BLT humanized mice to further improve this preclinical humanized mouse model. These double humanized mice represent a unique and tractable new model to study the complex relationships between the human gut microbiome, human immune system, and human disease in vivo.
NECA derivatives exploit the paralog-specific properties of the site 3 side pocket of Grp94, the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90.

The hsp90 chaperones govern the function of essential client proteins critical for normal cell function as well as cancer initiation and progression. Hsp90 activity is driven by ATP, which binds to the N-terminal domain and induces large conformational changes that are required for client maturation. Inhibitors targeting the ATP-binding pocket of the N-terminal domain have anticancer effects, but most bind with similar affinity to cytosolic Hsp90α and Hsp90β, endoplasmic reticulum Grp94, and mitochondrial Trap1, the four cellular hsp90 paralogs. Paralog-specific inhibitors may lead to drugs with fewer side effects. The ATP-binding pockets of the four paralogs are flanked by three side pockets, termed sites 1, 2, and 3, which differ between the paralogs in their accessibility to inhibitors. Previous insights into the principles governing access to sites 1 and 2 have resulted in development of paralog-selective inhibitors targeting these sites, but the rules for selective targeting of site 3 are less clear. Earlier studies identified 5′N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA) as a Grp94-selective ligand. Here we use NECA and its derivatives to probe the properties of site 3. We found that derivatives that lengthen the 5′ moiety of NECA improve selectivity for Grp94 over Hsp90α. Crystal structures reveal that the derivatives extend further into site 3 of Grp94 compared with their parent compound and that selectivity is due to paralog-specific differences in ligand pose and ligand-induced conformational strain in the protein. These studies provide a structural basis for Grp94-selective inhibition using site 3.
Midwife Laborist Model in a Collaborative Community Practice

Abstract Since the introduction of a hospitalist physician model of care by Wachter and Goldman in 1996, important changes have occurred to address the care of hospitalized patients. This model was followed by the introduction of laborist physicians by Louis Weinstein in 2003, although large health maintenance organization practices have used this model since the 1990s. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists supported the laborist model in a 2016 statement that was reaffirmed in 2017, recommending “the continued development and study of the obstetric and gynecologic hospitalist model as one potential approach to improve patient safety and professional satisfaction across delivery settings.” Based on a recent American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists publication, the problem is an anticipated staffing shortage of 6000 to 8800 obstetricians and gynecologists by 2020 and nearly 22,000 by 2050. The current workforce in obstetrics is aging, retiring early, and converting to part-time employment at an increasing rate. At the same time, the number of patients seeking obstetric and gynecologic care is dramatically increasing because of health care reform and population statistics. The solution is the use of alternative labor and delivery staffing models that include all obstetric providers (health care professionals). We present an alternative to the physician laborist model—a midwife laborist model in a collaborative practice with obstetricians practicing in a high-risk community setting.
Do Foreign-Owned and U.S.-Owned Establishments Exhibit the Same Location Pattern in American Manufacturing Industries?

By examining the location distributions of foreign-owned and U.S.-owned manufacturing establishments in the United States in l987, this paper reveals that foreign-owned and U.S.-owned establishments exhibit different location patterns. Such differences are not attributable to foreign-owned establishments being more recent entrants compared to U.S.-owned establishments. Foreign-owned establishments, compared to U.S.-owned establishments, favor coastal states and states with low unionization rates, low wages, and right to work laws.
Data Analysis Approach for Large Data Volumes in a Connected Community

Recent advancements within smart neighborhoods where utilities are enabling automatic control of appliances such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and water heater (WH) systems are providing new opportunities to minimize energy costs through reduced peak load. This requires systematic collection, storage, management, and in-memory processing of large volumes of streaming data for fast performance. In this paper, we propose a multi-tier layered IoT software framework that enables effective descriptive and predictive data analysis for understanding live operation of the neighborhood, fault identification, and future opportunities for further optimization of load curves. We then demonstrate how we achieve live situational awareness of the connected neighborhood through a suite of visualization components. Finally, we discuss a few analytic dashboards that address questions such as peak load reductions obtained due to optimization, customer preference for automatic control of appliances (do they override the automatic control of HVAC?, etc.). 1 1This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).