cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exogenous NADH oxidation and particulate fumarate reductase in Mycobacterium phlei

Abstract Bacteria contain a number of distinct pathways that are capable of oxidizing NADH. Only one of the NAD + -linked pathways, that of the electron transport particles, has been shown to be linked to the generation of energy-rich phosphate bonds. Regulation of the phosphorylative pathway associated with the oxidation of NADH by the system from Mycobacterium phlei appears to be controlled by the level of NAD + , AMP, and inorganic phosphate. The phosphorylative and nonphosphorylative pathways were inhibited by NAD + ; however, relief of inhibition of NADH oxidation by NAD + was found to occur only with the phosphorylative pathway on addition of inorganic phosphate and AMP. Kinetic studies indicated that the inhibition by NAD + on NADH oxidation by either pathway was allosteric in nature; however, AMP and inorganic phosphate alter only the kinetic pattern exhibited by the phosphorylative pathway. In addition, fumarate which is one of the chief carbon sources used to support the growth of M . phlei , was found to stimulate the cell-free phosphorylative pathway associated with NADH oxidation. Under these conditions fumarate was found to accept electrons from cytochrome b reduced by NADH and to form succinate. The oxidation of cytochrome b by fumarate and the formation of succinate from fumarate were inhibited by hydroxyquinoline- N -oxide. The fumarate reductase appeared to be localized in the electron transport particles and was cytochrome b -Iinked.
Isolation of rat testis cDNAs encoding an insulin-like growth factor I precursor.

ABSTRACT We have characterized rat testis cDNAs encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) precursor to facilitate studies of IGF-I expression in the male reproductive system. Two clones, P2 and...
Marital Satisfaction and Physical Health Evidence for an Orchid Effect

Marital distress and conflict are linked to poor physical health. Here, we used behavior genetic modeling to determine the etiology of this association. Biometric moderation models were used to estimate gene-by-environment interaction in the presence of gene-environment correlation between marital satisfaction and self-reported health. Using a sample of 347 married twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study, we found that genetic influences on the variation in self-reported health were greatest at both high (h2 = .30) and low (h2 = .38) levels of marital satisfaction, with the lowest levels of heritability estimated for participants at the average level of marital satisfaction (h2 = .10). These findings are evidence of the orchid effect: the idea that genetic influences on a phenotype such as physical health are enhanced in nonnormative—both unusually positive and unusually negative—environmental contexts.
The intermittent claudication research study: Vascular outcomes research using home health nurses

This article describes an ongoing, multicenter outcomes research study on intermittent claudication being conducted at 16 Chicago-area vascular surgery offices and clinics. The study relies on gathering data through a series of home health follow-up visits by visiting nurses who use portable Doppler equipment. A total of 624 patients (506 men and 118 women) have been enrolled to date. Data on study patients' baseline demographic characteristics, leg symptoms, peripheral blood flow, comorbidities, and walking impairments are presented. Initial physical functioning and walking-distance scores from patient self-report questionnaires are also presented, along with attrition and lower-extremity revascularization rates. The contribution of nursing to this type of patient outcomes research is discussed. The changing climate in health care delivery provides nursing with a great opportunity to influence the U.S. health care system. In particular, the participation of nurses can make a major contribution to research on patient outcomes and medical effectiveness, and especially to new methods of comparing treatment effects on patients' functional status. Interpretation and measurement of patient self-reported health status and quality of life are particularly relevant to nursing, which is based on interventions related to compromised function. Improvement of patients' physical functioning is the heart of nursing practice, and the focus of much of what is done in vascular medicine and surgery. This article describes the contribution of nursing skills and knowledge to an ongoing, government-funded, multicenter research study on intermittent claudication. The ability of nurses to make a unique contribution to outcomes research is demonstrated.
Multirate detection of Gaussian signals of unknown bandwidth in noise

A method for detection of Gaussian signals with uncertain bandwidth in a background of stationary, white Gaussian noise is proposed. The proposed method is designed to improve over conventional energy detection, for which a signal bandwidth must be assumed. The method proposed here does not rely on estimates of signal parameters other than specifying a range of anticipated bandwidth, making it suitable for short duration signals. The performance of the proposed method is measured by the probability of detection for a given false-alarm probability and is compared with conventional energy detection. >
Inkjet Printing for Materials and Devices

Inkjet printing is familiar as a method of printing text and images onto porous surfaces. In the last few years it has been used as a free-form fabrication method for building three-dimensional parts and is being explored as a way of printing electrical and optical devices, especially where these involve organic components. Inkjet printers are also being used to produce arrays of proteins and nucleic acids. The need for a versatile inkjet technology for free-forming materials and for multilayer devices raises a number of materials problems that do not apply to conventional printing of images. Higher resolutions will be needed if organic transistors are to be printed. Also, it must be possible to print pinhole-free layers to avoid shorting of devices. Multiple layers must be printed such that they mix and react to form a single material or such that they form discrete unmixed layers. Printing on dense rather than porous substrates will be the norm. This article reviews the range of materials that has been ...
On pole assignment in multi-input controllable linear systems

It is shown that controllability of an open-loop system is equivalent to the possibility of assigning an arbitrary set of poles to the transfer matrix of the closed-loop system, formed by means of suitable linear feedback of the state. As an application of this result, it is shown that an open-loop system can be stabilized by linear feedback if and only if the unstable modes of its system matrix are controllable. A dual of this criterion is shown to be equivalent to the existence of an observer of Luenberger's type for asymptotic state identification.
Diurnal change in refraction, corneal curvature, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure after radial keratotomy in the PERK Study.

Abstract Selected patients who complained of fluctuating visual acuity in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study were examined before 8:00 a.m. and after 7:00 p.m. on the same day to determine diurnal change in uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, manifest refractive error, average central keratomeri power, and intraocular pressure. Sixty-three operated eyes were examined at three months, while 46 operated and 40 unoperated contralateral eyes were examined at one year after radial keratotomy. One year after surgery, 42% of the operated eyes had an increase in minus power of the manifest refraction of 0.50 to 1.25 diopters, 26% of the eyes changed their uncorrected visual acuity by 2 to 4 Snellen lines, and 35% of the operated eyes showed central steepening of the cornea by 0.50 to 1.25 diopters. These changes in the operated eyes at one year were similar to the changes at three months. Minimal diurnal changes occurred in the unoperated eyes at one year. Only 11 % of the unoperated eyes changed their manifest refraction by 0.50 to 1.00 diopters, none changed their uncorrected visual acuity by 2 to 4 Snellen lines, and only one of the unoperated eyes changed its central keratometric power by 0.50 diopters. This study documents that many patients who experience diurnal fluctuation of vision have steepening of the cornea and an increase in the minus power of their refraction during the day.
An Integral Role for Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in Maintaining Peripheral Tolerance by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells

Over the past decade, a great deal of interest and attention has been directed toward a population of regulatory T cells (Treg) coexpressing the markers CD4 and CD25. The hallmark phenotype of this cell population resides in its ability to dominantly maintain peripheral tolerance and avert autoimmunity. Despite robust research interest in Treg, their mechanism of action and interaction with other cell populations providing immune regulation remains unclear. In this study, we present a model for Treg activity that implicates carbon monoxide, a by-product of heme oxygenase-1 activity, as an important and underappreciated facet in the suppressive capacity of Treg. Our hypothesis is based on recent evidence supporting a role for heme oxygenase-1 in regulating immune reactivity and posit carbon monoxide to function as a suppressive molecule. Potential roles for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines in tolerance induction are also presented. This model, if validated, could act as a catalyst for new investigations into Treg function and ultimately result in novel methods to modulate Treg biology toward therapeutic applications.
Roles of a conserved arginine residue of DsbB in linking protein disulfide-bond-formation pathway to the respiratory chain of Escherichia coli

Abstract The active-site cysteines of DsbA, the periplasmic disulfide-bond-forming enzyme of Escherichia coli, are kept oxidized by the cytoplasmic membrane protein DsbB. DsbB, in turn, is oxidized by two kinds of quinones (ubiquinone for aerobic and menaquinone for anaerobic growth) in the electron-transport chain. We describe the isolation of dsbB missense mutations that change a highly conserved arginine residue at position 48 to histidine or cysteine. In these mutants, DsbB functions reasonably well aerobically but poorly anaerobically. Consistent with this conditional phenotype, purified R48H exhibits very low activity with menaquinone and an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for ubiquinone seven times greater than that of the wild-type DsbB, while keeping an apparent Km for DsbA similar to that of wild-type enzyme. From these results, we propose that this highly conserved arginine residue of DsbB plays an important role in the catalysis of disulfide bond formation through its role in the interaction of DsbB with quinones.
Evaluating the National Science Digital Library for learning application readiness

The usefulness of open-access digital libraries for K-16 education depends on the readiness of the collection to be placed in the path of users within diverse contexts across a variety of learning applications. The National Science Digital Library (NSDL) employs the concept of Learning Application Readiness (LAR) to assess the capacity of its collections to be deployed into applications such as learning management systems, educational resource registries, and customized curriculum services. This paper describes a multi-year evaluation of the NSDL and the notion of collection assessment as it relates to Learning Application Readiness. It then outlines steps that have been taken to increase NSDL capacity for contextualization into a wide array of K-16 educational applications.
Kodierung transaktiver Wissensprozesse (TRAWIS)

Zusammenfassung: Das zunehmende Interesse an Prozessen der Interaktion und Kommunikation in der Gruppenforschung erfordert die Entwicklung von Verfahren, die eine fur die jeweilige Fragestellung adaquate Datenanalyse ermoglichen. Um Prozesse des Wissenstransfers in Gruppen und insbesondere des Aufbaus und der Nutzung von transaktiven Wissenssystemen untersuchen zu konnen, wurde das hier beschriebene Verfahren zur Kodierung transaktiver Wissensprozesse (TRAWIS) entwickelt. Mittels TRAWIS werden Prozesse des Exponierens von Wissen, des Wissenserwerbs, der Wissenssuche und der Wissenszuweisung erfasst. Zwei Hauptdimensionen, die Ebene des angesprochenen Wissens und der Fokus der sprechenden Person, werden unterschieden. TRAWIS weist hohe Reliabilitat auf und hat sich fur die Forschung bereits als nutzlich erwiesen. Da bisher vorwiegend kumulative Output-Mase transaktiven Wissens verwendet wurden, wird mit TRAWIS eine Lucke in der Forschungsmethodik geschlossen.
Application of Cryogenic Calorimetry to Solid-State Chemistry

That a chemical scientist should concern himself intimately with low-temperature thermal studies may seem anomalous to those who in 1961 are relatively new to cryogenics. Yet, near the beginning of the present century when Kammerlingh Onnes at Leiden practically single-handedly kept the low-temperature research flag flying, the problems to be solved by such studies were mainly of interest to the physical chemist. Moreover, it was from this area that most of the fundamental contributions to the subject were made. The objective of Mernst’s work, which ultimately led to the important third law of thermodynamics, was one of finding a reference point for the numerical equations of chemical equilibrium. That the absolute zero of temperature was clearly recognized as the most suitable condition in which different substances might be compared with each other is not surprising since two hundred years earlier Amontons had visualized it as a state of rest. The concept of absolute zero as the absence of kinetic motion remained unchallenged in this era, and thus it appeared strange when Nernst concluded that the entropy, rather than the energy, was the variable which vanished with the absolute temperature. Although the true significance of the entropy function was initially veiled in mystery, the development of quantum mechanics and the realization that the phenomena observed at low temperatures were due to energy quantization shifted the focus of research from physical chemistry to pure physics.
Mother-child conversations about the past: Relationships of style and memory over time

This study investigated long-term consistency and change in maternal style for talk about the past and relationships of those styles with children's memory participation. Nineteen white, middle-class mother-child dyads talked about shared past events at four time points: when children were 40, 46, 58, and 70 months of age. Across the four time points, individual mothers could be consistently classified as high elaborative (e.g., they elaborated on event information much more often than they repeated their requests) or low elaborative (e.g., they elaborated less often in relation to their repetitions). However, all mothers became more elaborative over time; children also remembered more over time. Cross-lagged correlations revealed a relationship between maternal elaborativeness at the early time points and children's later memory responding, but by the later time points, direction of influence between maternal elaborations and children's memory responding had become bidirectional. These results are framed with respect to the importance of shared past event conversations for the development of children's autobiographical memory.
Business contingency, strategy formation, and firm performance: An empirical study of Chinese apparel SMEs

This study empirically investigated how small and medium-sized Chinese apparel enterprises (SME) formed their strategy as a response to the characteristics of business environment in order to achieve competitive business performance. An environment-strategy-performance model was proposed and tested. Using primary data gathered by a questionnaire survey of the Chinese apparel industry, factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted for measurement and structural model analysis and hypothesis testing. Results show the proposed model met parsimonious statistical criteria. The differences in strategy responses to environment between high- and low-performing firms were striking. Confronting an increasingly turbulent business environment, high performers emphasized differentiation strategy through higher quality, better delivery performance, and greater flexibility than cost reduction. In contrast, low performers prioritized low cost while quality and flexibility were given certain weights. The lack of clear focus on strategies could result in a relatively lower performance. While the process of government-led industrial upgrading continues, forward-looking firms have proactively shifted their strategic focus from solely or mainly cost reduction to a variety of differentiating factors which bring in added value and are less imitable by competitors.
Valuation of Tax Loss Carryforwards and Carrybacks and its Implication for Dynamic Portfolio Selection

The R & P seminar held at Wing 11 IIM Ahmedabad on June 25, 2015 by Prof. Suresh Govindaraj, The state University of New Jersey, USA on Valuation of Tax Loss Carryforwards and Carrybacks and its Implication for Dynamic Portfolio Selection
Personal Symbols Their Heuristic Importance for the Analysis of Militant Political Groups and Artists in Six Western Cultures

The focus of this study was to assess the effects of the social environment on the emotional development of two social groups and to monitor distinct psychological characteristics of each group. Personal symbols of private love and hate experiences of 48 political militants and recognized artists from six Western nations were used as sources of data. Statistical analyses yielded significant results indicating that (a) the two groups use different emotional symbols, and (b) there is the possibility the two groups may be viewed as distinct irrespective of the cultural differences of informants within each group.
Light-anodization process for high-J/sub c/ micron and submicron superconducting junction and integrated circuit fabrication

We have developed a new approach for high critical current density (J/sub c/) small junction fabrication. The key step is light anodization that forms a thin double-layer of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/ oxides around the junction area and on the sidewalls of the junction. This anodization ring is a good dry-etch stop, so the via for the junction contact can be larger than the junction area. The anodization ring can also protect the junction from plasma damage during dry etching and sputtering steps; therefore, it can reduce the junction leakage current and critical-current spread. The new technique is very simple and cost effective compared with the CMP approach. It needs only one additional mask and process step. We have used the technique to fabricate high-J/sub c/ submicron Nb/Al-AlO/sub x//Nb tunnel junctions with very low critical-current spreads. Using this technique, we have also fabricated Nb SQUID's and various Nb digital IC's.
Current status of therapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung

The therapeutic approach to small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC), which comprises about 25 % of lung cancer cases in the USA, differs markedly from the management of the other cell types of pulmonary carcinoma. Since SCLC is disseminated at the time of diagnosis in most patients and is sensitive to cytotoxic drugs, combination chemotherapy forms the backbone of treatment for this disease. Despite often impressive responses to chemotherapy in newly diagnosed SCLC, however, few physicians dispute that only very modest improvements in treatment occurred over the past decade.
Generalized Mean-Median Filtering for Robust Frequency-Selective Applications

Huber proposed the Pepsi family of epsi-contaminated normal distributions to model environments characterized by heavy-tailed distributions. Based on this two-component mixture distribution, mean-median (MEM) filters were proposed. The MEM filter output is a combination of the sample mean and the sample median, where observation samples are weighted uniformly. This property of MEM filters constrains them to the class of smoothers lacking frequency-selective filtering capabilities. This paper extends MEM filtering to the weighted sum-median (WSM) filtering structure admitting real-valued weights, thereby enabling more general filtering characteristics, i.e, bandpass and high-pass filtering. The proposed filter structure is also well motivated from a presented maximum likelihood (ML) estimate analysis under epsi-contaminated statistics. The ML analysis demonstrates the need for a combination of weighted sum (WS) and weighted median (WM) type filters for processing of signals corrupted by epsi-contaminated noise. The WSM filter is statistically analyzed through the determination of filter output variance and breakdown probability. The combination parameter alpha is optimized to minimize the filter output variance, which is a measure of noise attenuation capability. Moreover, filter design procedures that yield a desired spectral response are detailed. Finally, the proposed WSM filter structure is tested utilizing signal processing applications including low-pass, bandpass, and high-pass filtering and image processing applications including image sharpening and denoising, evaluating and comparing the WSM filter performance to that of the WS, WM, and MEM filters
Perfusate composition and edema formation in isolated rat lungs.

The effect of perfusate composition on duration of lung perfusion until development of alveolar edema was evaluated in isolated ventilated rat lungs perfused at a rate of 25 ml/min in a recirculating system. When the perfusate was Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRB) alone, alveolar edema developed in 40–85 min. Addition of glucose (5 mM) slightly prolonged the time to edema while addition of 3% fatty acid-poor bovine serum albumin (BSA) extended mean survival to 3.5 hr. With KRB containing both glucose and BSA, mean survival was greater than 4 hr and three of eight lungs had not become edematous when the experiments were terminated at 5 hr. Similar results were obtained when a synthetic plasma-simulating solution (SPSS) that is essentially free of protein or other colloid was used as a perfusate. Perfusion at reduced flow rates (12 ml/min) with KRB plus glucose and BSA or with SPSS gave 5-hr survival rates of 100%. These results indicate that prolonged lung perfusion is possible with a colloid-free ar...
Distributions of Visibility Measures

In the present chapter we develop methods for determining the distributions of some measures of visibility for a given field of obstacles. We start first with the distribution of the number of targets which are simultaneously visible, out of m specified target points, either from one or from several observation points. This distribution is not the frequently encountered binomial distribution, since the visibility for specified targets are generally not independent, and the visibility probabilities are generally not the same. The other measure of visibility studied in this chapter is an integrated measure of the total length, of a specified star-shaped curve, that can be observed from one or several observation points. These measures have various applications.
Optimal Wiener and homomorphic filtration

In this paper we analyze the methods of optimal restoration of signals and images from the degradations that are defined by the additive noise and blurring effects. The Wiener filters which are the best linear filters are described, as well as the geometric-mean filters that compose a family of filters indexed by a parameter k varying between 0 and 1. These filters are used to provide frequency-based filtering that mitigates the noise suppression of the optimal-linear Wiener filter in the blurred-signal-plus-noise model. For k=1 and k=0, the geometric-mean filter gives the inverse filter and the Wiener filter for the model, respectively. The geometric mean filter for k = 1 / 2 , which is called the homomorphic filter, is the optimal linear filter for the model under power-spectral-density (PSD) equalization. This constraint requires the PSD of the filtered signal to be equal to the PSD of the uncorrupted signal that it estimates. Robustness of the optimal filters is also described and examples of image restoration are given. In the 2-D case, the Wiener and homomorphic filters have very effective realization when images are described in tensor representation as an unique set of 1-D image-signals and the 2-D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is split into a set of 1-D DFTs of image-signals. Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted HighlightsWe review and analyze the methods of optimal restoration of signals and images.We present a classification of methods of restoration.We describe the noise suppression of the optimal-linear Wiener filter in the blurred-signal-plus-noise model.We present effective realization of optimal filters when images are described in tensor representation.We describe optimal linear filters for the model under power-spectral-density (PSD) equalization.
When to Quit: Narrow Bracketing and Reference Dependence in Taxi Drivers

This paper presents new evidence of labor supply behavior consistent with workers having reference points in daily income. Moreover, consistent with a model of gain-loss utility, I find that workers with flexible labor supply exhibit increasing marginal utility in income over the loss region and diminishing marginal utility in income over the gain region. The setting is taxi drivers, a group which faces a substantial degree of uncertainty in their hourly earnings but control over when to stop working within a shift. Previous papers studying taxi drivers have found mixed evidence for reference dependent behavior. Using a driver's propensity to stop working within a shift, I show not only the existence of a reference point in a large proportion of drivers, but I am also able to estimate what the reference point is without explicit functional form or ex ante assumptions about existence. Furthermore, I show that drivers are less likely to stop working the closer they are to their reference point, indicating their preferences for daily income have a Prospect theoretic S-shape.
Capture CO2 from Ambient Air Using Nanoconfined Ion Hydration

Water confined in nanoscopic pores is essential in determining the energetics of many physical and chemical systems. Herein, we report a recently discovered unconventional, reversible chemical reaction driven by water quantities in nanopores. The reduction of the number of water molecules present in the pore space promotes the hydrolysis of CO3(2-) to HCO3(-) and OH(-). This phenomenon led to a nano-structured CO2 sorbent that binds CO2 spontaneously in ambient air when the surrounding is dry, while releasing it when exposed to moisture. The underlying mechanism is elucidated theoretically by computational modeling and verified by experiments. The free energy of CO3 (2-) hydrolysis in nanopores reduces with a decrease of water availability. This promotes the formation of OH(-), which has a high affinity to CO2 . The effect is not limited to carbonate/bicarbonate, but is extendable to a series of ions. Humidity-driven sorption opens a new approach to gas separation technology.
Chemical Modification of Surface Steps on SI(111) Vicinal Wafers: a Bonding Model for Phase Changes in Second Harmonic Generation

There have been several studies of second harmonic generation (SHG) from chemically-modified vicinal Si(111) wafers. The SH fields contain one-fold (Ψ) and three-fold (3Ψ) symmetry contributions, which originate respectively from the terrace and surface step atoms. The phase of these contributions are different for native oxides, and are a function of the frequency of the incident radiation, ω. To identify the origin of these different phases for the terrace and step SH fields, we use a classical anharmonic oscillator model based on two assumptions: (a) a significant fraction of Si atoms at the steps have dangling bonds when oxides are formed below ~850°C, and (b) these step atoms are linked to atoms at the bottom of the steps by O-Si-O groups following annealing at >900°C.
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 13-2005. A 48-year-old man with weakness of the limbs and multiple tumors of spinal nerves.

A 48-year-old man came to the neurology clinic because of progressive weakness of his arms and legs and pain in the left leg. Enlargement of the sciatic nerve and multiple spinal nerve roots was seen on imaging studies. The patient's 29-year-old nephew had been given a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis; no other family members were known to be affected. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Disintegrating Efficiently of Excess Sludge by Combined Anaerobic Treatment and Ultrasonic Cavitation

In order to improve the efficiency of disintegrating excess sludge and then to improve the performance of sludge biodegradability by using ultrasonic cavitation, a program of disintegrating excess sludge by ultrasonic cavitation after a short anaerobic treatment was proposed. In the experiment,excess sludge was treated 0 ~ 6 days by anaerobic digestion and then disintegrated by ultrasonic cavitation. The results showas follows: with increasing of anaerobic digestion time, the properties of sludge change greatly, for example, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand( COD) and peptidogly can increase significantly,while the p H value drop observably. The efficiency of using ultrasonic cavitation method to disintegrate excess sludge after a process of anaerobic digestion is better than disintegrating excess sludge directly. For example,the result of disintegrating the excess sludge treated 6 days by anaerobic digestion shows that the concentration of COD is 99. 3 times of the sludge without disintegrating,and 9. 5 times of excess sludge without anaerobic digestion. This study considers that anaerobic digestion can reduce the difficulty of sludge disintegrating and the process of anaerobic digestion can significantly improve the intensity of ultrasonic cavitation to a large extent. Therefore,the process can achieve the aim of disintegrating the excess sludge efficiently.
Integrating Socialization Influences into the Study of Ciildren's Motivation in Sport

Youth sport research has failed to address the influential role of socialization agents in shaping children's motivational processes in sport. The purpose of this paper is to encourage the integration of socialization influences, particularly parental behaviors, into the study of children's sport motivation. The impact of socialization influences in shaping those cognitions widely regarded to influence children's sport behavior is examined. Special attention is paid to related research in academic settings that identifies the influence of parental socialization patterns upon children's self-perception characteristics, orientations toward achievement, and patterns of motivated behavior. Recommendations are made for incorporating socialization influences into youth sport research within the framework of cognitive-developmental theory.
Abstract 106: Hypothalamic PVN GαI2 Protein-mediated Renal Nerve Dependent Sympathoinhibition Facilitates Suppression of NCC Activity and a Salt-resistant Phenotype

Aim: We hypothesize hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) specific Gαi2 proteins, which are up-regulated in the PVN during increased sodium intake, mediate global and renal sympathoinhibition to facilitate suppression of the activity of the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) and salt-resistance in the Sprague Dawley rat. Methods: Groups of intact or bilateral renal denervated (RDNX) salt-resistant Sprague-Dawley rats received a bilateral PVN infusion of a scrambled (SCR) or Gαi2 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN-300ng/side/day) and a normal 0.4% (NS) or high 8% NaCl (HS) diet for 7-days. On day-7 24h Na+ balance was assessed - in sub-groups MAP, plasma norepinephrine (NE) content, kidney NE content and NCC activity (peak natriuresis to iv bolus hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)) was assessed (N=6/gp/study). Results: In SCR ODN infused rats HS-intake evoked a significant 3-fold site-specific increase in PVN Gαi2 proteins and suppressed plasma NE content (plasma NE [nmol/L] SCR NS 72±4 vs HS 40±5, P<0.05), endogenous kidney NE content (NE [pg/m] SCR NS 586±36 vs HS 496±41, P<0.05) and NCC activity (peak ΔUNaV to HCTZ [μeq/min] SCR NS 10.6±0.8 vs HS 7±1, P<0.05) without impacting sodium homeostasis or MAP. ODN-mediated PVN Gαi2 down-regulation caused renal nerve-dependent hypertension (MAP [mmHg] Gαi2 NS 126±2, Gαi2 HS 147±2, Gαi2 HS + RDNX 131±3 P<0.05) sodium retention (24h Na+ balance [meq] Gαi2 NS 0.6±0.3, Gαi2 HS 2.3±0.4, Gαi2 HS + RDNX 0.8±0.3 P<0.05), global and renal sympathoexcitation (plasma NE [nmol/L] Gαi2 NS 67±7, Gαi2 HS 105±11, Gαi2 HS + RDNX 74±6 P<0.05; kidney NE content [pg/mg] Gαi2 NS 614±48 vs HS 823±59, P<0.05) and a failure to suppress NCC activity (peak ΔUNaV to HCTZ [μeq/min] Gαi2 NS 10.2±2, Gαi2 HS 14.7±2, Gαi2 HS + RDNX 7.6±2, P<0.05). Conclusion: PVN Gαi2 protein-gated pathways represent a sodium sensitive CNS mechanism acting to regulate renal nerve-dependent sodium excretion via, in part, actions upon the activity of the NCC. Based on recent studies by other groups we speculate the regulation of NCC in this setting is mediated by the actions of NE released from efferent renal nerves on renal adrenoceptors to impact the signal transduction network that regulates NCC expression.
Extracellular matrix inflammation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) include a wide spectrum of chronic manifestations of vascular disease related to large vessel strokes and small vessel disease (SVD). Lacunar strokes and white matter (WM) injury are consequences of SVD. The main vascular risk factor for SVD is brain hypoperfusion from cerebral blood vessel narrowing due to chronic hypertension. The hypoperfusion leads to activation and degeneration of astrocytes with the resulting fibrosis of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Elasticity is lost in fibrotic cerebral vessels, reducing the response of stiffened blood vessels in times of increased metabolic need. Intermittent hypoxia/ischaemia activates a molecular injury cascade, producing an incomplete infarction that is most damaging to the deep WM, which is a watershed region for cerebral blood flow. Neuroinflammation caused by hypoxia activates microglia/macrophages to release proteases and free radicals that perpetuate the damage over time to molecules in the ECM and the neurovascular unit (NVU). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted in an attempt to remodel the blood vessel wall have the undesired consequences of opening the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and attacking myelinated fibres. This dual effect of the MMPs causes vasogenic oedema in WM and vascular demyelination, which are the hallmarks of the subcortical ischaemic vascular disease (SIVD), which is the SVD form of VCID also called Binswanger's disease (BD). Unravelling the complex pathophysiology of the WM injury-related inflammation in the small vessel form of VCID could lead to novel therapeutic strategies to reduce damage to the ECM, preventing the progressive damage to the WM.
Tetra- and Heptametallic Ru(II),Rh(III) Supramolecular Hydrogen Production Photocatalysts

Supramolecular mixed metal complexes combining the trimetallic chromophore [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpp)]6+ (Ru3) with [Rh(bpy)Cl2]+ or [RhCl2]+ catalytic fragments to form [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpp)RhCl2(bpy)](PF6)7 (Ru3Rh) or [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpp)]2RhCl2(PF6)13 (Ru3RhRu3) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine and dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) catalyze the photochemical reduction of protons to H2. This first example of a heptametallic Ru,Rh photocatalyst produces over 300 turnovers of H2 upon photolysis of a solution of acetonitrile, water, triflic acid, and N,N-dimethylaniline as an electron donor. In contrast, the tetrametallic Ru3Rh produces only 40 turnovers of H2 due to differences in the excited state properties and nature of the catalysts upon reduction as ascertained from electrochemical data, transient absorption spectroscopy, and flash-quench experiments. While the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of Ru3Rh is localized on a bridging ligand, it is Rh-centered in Ru3RhRu3 facilitating electron collection at ...
Ultrafast Relaxation Of Hot Photoexcited Carriers In GaAs

In this paper, we examine a number of factors concerning the relaxation of hot photoexcited electron-hole plasmas in semiconductors. Analytical solutions are utilized to probe the influence of the light-holes on the longer time behavior. The role of the electron-hole interaction and dynamic, self-consistent screening is discussed. Then, the scattering to the satellite L and X valleys is examined in the absence of the inter-carrier interactions. Ensemble Monte Carlo calculations used in this latter approach indicate that the time constant for relaxation of the central valley electrons due to inter-valley scattering cannot be faster than 80-100 fs.
Efficient rolling texture predictions and texture-sensitive thermomechanical properties of α-uranium foils

Abstract Finite element (FE) analysis was used to simulate the strain history of an α-uranium foil during cold straight-rolling, with the sheet modeled as an isotropic elastoplastic continuum. The resulting strain history was then used as input for a viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal plasticity model to simulate crystallographic texture evolution. Mid-plane textures predicted via the combined FE→VPSC approach show alignment of the (010) poles along the rolling direction (RD), and the (001) poles along the normal direction (ND) with a symmetric splitting along RD. The surface texture is similar to that of the mid-plane, but with a shear-induced asymmetry that favors one of the RD split features of the (001) pole figure. Both the mid-plane and surface textures predicted by the FE→VPSC approach agree with published experimental results for cold straight-rolled α-uranium plates, as well as predictions made by a more computationally intensive full-field crystal plasticity based finite element model. α-uranium foils produced by cold-rolling must typically undergo a recrystallization anneal to restore ductility prior to their final application, resulting in significant texture evolution from the cold-rolled plate deformation texture. Using the texture measured from a foil in the final recrystallized state, coefficients of thermal expansion and the elastic stiffness tensors were calculated using a thermo-elastic self-consistent model, and the anisotropic yield loci and flow curves along the RD, TD, and ND were predicted using the VPSC code.
Screen for Disordered Eating: Improving the accuracy of eating disorder screening in primary care.

Abstract Objective To develop a primary care eating disorder screen with greater accuracy and greater potential for generalizability, compared to existing screens. Design Cross-sectional survey to assess discriminative accuracy of a new screen, Screen for Disordered Eating (SDE), compared to Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care (EDS-PC) and SCOFF screener, using prevalence rates of Binge Eating Disorder (BED), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and Any Eating Disorder (AED), as measured by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Results The SDE correctly classified 87.2% (CI: 74.3%–95.2%) of BED cases, all cases of BN and AN, and 90.5% (CI: 80.4%–96.4%) of AED cases. Sensitivity estimates were higher than the SCOFF, which correctly identified 69.6% (CI: 54.2%–82.3%) of BED, 77.8% (CI: 40.0%–97.2%) of BN, 37.5% (CI: 8.52%–75.5%) of AN, and 66.1% (CI: 53%–77.7%) of AED. While the EDS-PC had slightly higher sensitivity than the SDE, the SDE had better specificity. The SDE outperformed the SCOFF in classifying true cases, the EDS-PC in classifying true non-cases, and the EDS-PC in distinguishing cases from non-cases. Conclusions The SDE is the first screen, inclusive of BED, valid for detecting eating disorders in primary care. Findings have broad implications to address eating disorder screening in primary care settings.
Earthquake cycle simulations with rate-and-state friction and power-law viscoelasticity

Abstract We simulate earthquake cycles with rate-and-state fault friction and off-fault power-law viscoelasticity for the classic 2D antiplane shear problem of a vertical, strike-slip plate boundary fault. We investigate the interaction between fault slip and bulk viscous flow with experimentally-based flow laws for quartz-diorite and olivine for the crust and mantle, respectively. Simulations using three linear geotherms (dT/dz = 20, 25, and 30 K/km) produce different deformation styles at depth, ranging from significant interseismic fault creep to purely bulk viscous flow. However, they have almost identical earthquake recurrence interval, nucleation depth, and down-dip coseismic slip limit. Despite these similarities, variations in the predicted surface deformation might permit discrimination of the deformation mechanism using geodetic observations. Additionally, in the 25 and 30 K/km simulations, the crust drags the mantle; the 20 K/km simulation also predicts this, except within 10 km of the fault where the reverse occurs. However, basal tractions play a minor role in the overall force balance of the lithosphere, at least for the flow laws used in our study. Therefore, the depth-integrated stress on the fault is balanced primarily by shear stress on vertical, fault-parallel planes. Because strain rates are higher directly below the fault than far from it, stresses are also higher. Thus, the upper crust far from the fault bears a substantial part of the tectonic load, resulting in unrealistically high stresses. In the real Earth, this might lead to distributed plastic deformation or formation of subparallel faults. Alternatively, fault pore pressures in excess of hydrostatic and/or weakening mechanisms such as grain size reduction and thermo-mechanical coupling could lower the strength of the ductile fault root in the lower crust and, concomitantly, off-fault upper crustal stresses.
Integrated downstream regulation by the quorum-sensing controlled transcription factors LrhA and RcsA impacts phenotypic outputs associated with virulence in the phytopathogen Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii

Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii is a Gram-negative proteobacterium that causes leaf blight and Stewart's wilt disease in corn. Quorum sensing (QS) controls bacterial exopolysaccharide production that blocks water transport in the plant xylem at high bacterial densities during the later stage of the infection, resulting in wilt. At low cell density the key master QS regulator in P. stewartii, EsaR, directly represses rcsA, encoding an activator of capsule biosynthesis genes, but activates lrhA, encoding a transcription factor that regulates surface motility. Both RcsA and LrhA have been shown to play a role in plant virulence. In this study, additional information about the downstream targets of LrhA and its interaction with RcsA was determined. A transcriptional fusion assay revealed autorepression of LrhA in P. stewartii and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) using purified LrhA confirmed that LrhA binds to its own promoter. In addition, LrhA binds to the promoter for the RcsA gene, as well as those for putative fimbrial subunits and biosurfactant production enzymes in P. stewartii, but not to the flhDC promoter, which is the main direct target of LrhA in Escherichia coli. This work led to a reexamination of the physiological function of RcsA in P. stewartii and the discovery that it also plays a role in surface motility. These findings are broadening our understanding of the coordinated regulatory cascades utilized in the phytopathogen P. stewartii.
Mortality Is Rare Following Elective and Non-elective Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis, but Mild Postoperative Complications Are Common

Currently, data regarding the rates of morbidity and mortality following non-elective colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC) are variable. We sought to determine the rates and predictors of 90-day mortality and complications following colectomy for UC. Patients undergoing an initial surgery for UC at a tertiary care center between January 2002 and January 2014 were included. Patients were identified using ICD-9 code 556.x. Each record was manually reviewed for demographic information, medical histories, UC history, medications, and data regarding the admission and discharge. Charts were reviewed for mortality and complications within 90 days of surgery. Complications were classified using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 23.0. Two hundred and fifty-eight patients underwent surgery for UC. 69% were elective, and 31% were urgent/emergent. There were no deaths reported within 30 days of surgery. At 90 days, there were 2 deaths in the elective group and 1 death in the urgent/emergent group. The death in the urgent/emergent group was likely related to the initial surgery, while the elective group death was not directly related to the initial surgery for UC. Complications occurred in 47% of patients. There were no significant differences in rates of complications in either surgical cohort. Majority (62%) of the complications were Clavien–Dindo grade 1 or 2 with no difference in the elective or urgent/emergent group. Unplanned readmissions occurred in 24% of cases. Surgery for UC is not associated with any mortality at 30 days and very low mortality at 90 days. However, surgery is associated with an increased rate of minor postoperative complications and readmissions.
Otto Barkan and the Pathophysiology of Primary Congenital (Infantile) Glaucoma

It has been 40 years since Otto BARKAN first tried goniotomy for control of infantile glaucoma. It has been 36 years since his first paper appeared describing the success of the operation, (1) His technique and his gonioscopic observations of the chamber angle remain unchallenged today. Gonioscopically, BARKAN noted the hypoplastic iris stroma that expose the peripheral pigment layer in an arcade-like fashion. The iris inserted higher than usual into a translucent, gelatinous angle tissue whose surface looked like stippled cellophane. He thought that this tissue was a fetal mesodermal reticulum filling an otherwise normal angle. He believed that goniotomy restored normal drainage by clearing away this reticulum. We are not far from that belief today.
Cross-Border Purchase of Medications and Health Care in a Sample of Residents of El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico

Background We examined data from a US-Mexico bi-national survey conducted among adult residents of El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, to assess frequency of purchase of medications and use of health care services across the border. Method We analyzed questionnaire data from face-to-face interviews of 1000 randomly selected adults on both sides of the border to assess prevalence and prevalence ratios using log binomial logistic regression analysis. Results One-third of adult residents of El Paso and 5% of those in Ciudad Juarez reported crossing the border to purchase medications (P Conclusions US residents of areas along the border in close proximity to Mexico often travel south to purchase medications. Other health care services are also utilized, although at lower rates. These patterns may be attributed to a number of barriers to health care in the United States.