cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial-parallel decoder architecture for quasi-cyclic non-binary LDPC codes

Non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes can achieve better error-correcting performance than binary LDPC codes when the code length is moderate. For the first time, this paper proposes a partial-parallel decoder architecture based on the Min-max algorithm for quasi-cyclic NB-LDPC codes. A novel boundary tracking based scheme and corresponding architecture are developed to implement the elementary step of the check node processing. In addition, layered decoding is applied, and the hardware units are optimized to reduce the latency and area. This paper also introduces an overlapped method for the check node processing among different layers to further speed up the decoding. From complexity analysis, the proposed decoder with 5 iterations for a (837,726) code over GF(25) can easily achieve 60 Mbps throughput on ASIC devices. It is 40% more efficient than prior designs.
Not all selves feel the same uncertainty: Assimilation to primes among individualists and collectivists

Three experiments and a pilot study demonstrated that uncertainty about the self is uncomfortable (Pilot Study) and causes people to change their self-concepts in response to primes (Experiments 1–3), depending on both the nature of the uncertainty and how the self is defined. In Experiment 1, Asian Americans assimilated to a stereotype prime when made to feel uncertain about their collective selves, whereas European Americans assimilated to the prime when made to feel uncertain about their individual selves. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated the assimilation effect with a trait prime, and using individualism–collectivism instead of ethnicity as the moderator.
Comparison of a Real-Time PCR Method with Serology and Blood Smear Analysis for Diagnosis of Human Anaplasmosis: Importance of Infection Time Course for Optimal Test Utilization

Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are emerging tick-borne diseases with clinically similar presentations caused by closely related pathogens. Currently, laboratories rely predominantly on blood smear analysis (for the detection of intracellular morulae) and on serologic tests, both of which have recognized limitations, for diagnostic purposes. We compared the performance of a published real-time PCR assay that incorporates melt curve analysis to differentiate Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species with blood smear and serologic methods in an upper Midwest population. Overall, 38.5% of the specimens selected for evaluation had one or more tests that were positive for anaplasmosis. The PCR positivity for all specimens was maximal (21.2%; 29/137) during the early acute phase of illness (0 to 4 days since illness onset) and significantly less frequent (11.5%; 20/174) during later phases (>4 days since illness onset). All positive specimens were Anaplasma phagocytophilum; no Ehrlichia species were identified. The real-time PCR detected 100% of infections that were detected by blood smear analysis (14/14) and broadened the detection window from a maximum of 14 days for smear positivity to 30 days for PCR. Additional infections were detected by real-time PCR in 12.9% (11/85) of smear-negative patients. There was poor agreement between the real-time PCR assay and serologic test results: 19.8% (19/96) and 13.7% (29/212) of seropositive and -negative patients, respectively, were PCR positive. Seropositivity increased with increasing days of illness, demonstrating that serologic detection methods are best utilized during presumed convalescence. Our results indicate that the optimal performance and utilization of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis require knowledge regarding time of symptom onset or days of illness.
When has enough evidence accumulated to change neonatal practice

Randomized clinical trials are the best method to assess the safety and efficacy of therapeutic interventions. However, it is not always clear how much evidence from randomized trials is required to change clinical practice. Throughout the history of neonatal medicine, some therapies were subject to excessive and unnecessary testing through replication of clinical trials. Other therapies were adopted into clinical practice with insufficient evidence. In only a few cases was the right amount of evidence accumulated to drive a change in practice. Here we present a case history for each of these three scenarios. Arising from these, we suggest principles to identify when enough evidence exists for a therapy to become standard practice.
Development and Validation of the Hope for Change Through Counseling Scale

Frank and Frank suggested that the primary goal of contextually oriented therapy is remoralization through the promotion of hope. According to Snyder’s hope theory, hope is a psychological characteristic consisting of pathways thinking, agency, and goals. Although these concepts are relevant to understanding how hope develops through therapy, no instrument exists to measure hope within counseling. The present research was undertaken to develop and validate the Hope for Change Through Counseling Scale (HCCS). Study 1 (N = 191) was an analogue study to pilot the scale and identify its factor structure. Study 2 (N = 306) consisted of a confirmatory factor analysis to further refine the HCCS. Study 3 utilized the HCCS with clients (N = 50), providing evidence of construct validity and incremental validity for the scale. Implications of the HCCS as an assessment tool to facilitate focus on client hopefulness within counseling are discussed.
Feasibility Assessment of Medium-Scale Anaerobic Digesters for Conversion of Brewery and Dairy Farm Waste Streams

Anaerobic digestion (AD) involves the conversion of organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce methane (CH4)-rich bio-gas that can be used for heating, vehicle fuel, or for generating electricity. The evolution of AD systems has historically followed two distinct paths: small residential-scale systems in the developing world to provide modest bio-gas resources for heating and cooking, and multi-million dollar facilities in the developed world for grid electricity production. However, there is a strong need to explore the possibility of applying AD technology in the medium-scale range (on the order of 100s of kW to 1 MW), which would be relevant to many farm installations and food processing plants that have significant organic waste resources. In this paper, technical and economic feasibility assessments have been conducted of two specific applications important to New York State: treatment of dairy farm resources in the Upstate region, and treatment of brewery and distillery waste in the New York City region where significant waste disposal barriers exist. In each case, a comprehensive analysis was first conducted of the available waste resources. Then, using data available in the open literature, an estimate of the total amount of renewable bio-gas that can be produced (bio-methane potential, BMP) was developed and used to compute the achievable size of a centralized AD system. For both the farm and brewery applications, it was determined that energy systems based on anaerobic digestion can be economically and environmentally viable, provided that ample organic resources are available, as well as incentives to offset the initial capital investment.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Sexual activity as a trigger for intracranial hemorrhage

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has been reported in association with sexual activity. A case-series of patients with ICH following sexual activity is presented to further elucidate the role of the physiologic sexual response as a trigger of ICH. A retrospective review of the medical record was performed, identifying patients presenting with ICH temporally related to sexual activity. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and reported. Sixteen patients presented with non-traumatic ICH temporally related to sexual activity. Eight (50 %) patients presented with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, four (25 %) with angiogram-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage, two (12.5 %) with a ruptured arteriovenous malformation, and two (12.5 %) with an intracerebral basal ganglia hemorrhage. Overall average age was 49.9 (range, 28–74) years. Sexual activity involved male–female intercourse in 14 (87.5 %) patients and masturbation in 2 (12.5 %) patients. Sexual-activity-related ICH is rare and includes various etiologies. The human sexual response in associated with dramatic increases in arterial blood pressure, which likely underlies the association.
Design Approach to Dual-Power Aerated Lagoons

Completely- and partially-suspended lagoon cells are defined and their use in dual-power level, multicellular systems is discussed. A procedure is presented for the design of such systems on a rational basis using biokinetic coefficient data. Factors relating to the performance of these systems with respect to soluble BOD5 and suspended solids in the effluent are also discussed. Special attention is paid to cell size and number, power requirements both for solids suspension and oxygen demand, benthal solids decay, and sludge accumulation. A design example is given. It is concluded that further research and performance data derived from systems designed by the procedure are needed for a better evaluation of the parameters used and to test the assumptions made in applying the procedure.
Characterization of the Azirinyl Cation and Its Isomers.

The azirinyl cation (C2H2N+) and its geometrical isomers could be present in the interstellar medium. The C2H2N+ isomers are, however, difficult to identify in interstellar chemistry because of the lack of high-resolution spectroscopic data from laboratory experiments. Ab initio quantum chemical methods were used to characterize the structures, relative energies, and spectroscopic and physical properties of the low energy isomers of the azirinyl cation. We have employed second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), second-order Z-averaged perturbation theory (ZAPT2), and coupled cluster theory with singles and doubles with perturbative triples CCSD(T) methods along with large correlation consistent basis sets such as cc-pVTZ, cc-pCVTZ, cc-pVQZ, cc-pCVQZ, and cc-pV5Z. Harmonic vibrational frequencies, dipole moments, rotational constants, and proton affinities for the lowest energy isomers were calculated using the CCSD(T) method. Azirinyl cation, a cyclic isomer, is lowest in energy at all levels...
Amino Acid Nitrogen in Urine of Children with the Nephrotic Syndrome Following Intravenous Amino Acids

SummaryThere was no significant immediate increase in the urinary excretion per minute of non-protein nitrogen, urea plus ammonia nitrogen nor amino acid nitrogen, by 4 nephrotic children 5 to 7 years of age who had received intravenously 5 g of an amino acid mixture from casein hydrolyzed by enzymes. Therefore it appears probable that the injected amino acids are utilized for the nutritional needs of the patients.
DETECTION OF SPECIFIC IgE ANTIBODIES TO SQUID BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY WITH SQUID EXTRACT FOR SCRACH TESTING

A child of squid allergy is reported. We detected specific IgE antibodies to squid in his serum with a microliter solid-phase radioimmunoassay using extract of squid (including 50% glycerin, Torii & Co. Ltd, Tokyo) as an antigen, which have been used for scrach or prick testing in Japan.Furthermore, we demonstrated cross-allergenicity between squid and octopus with inhibition technique.
Magneto−Acoustic Hybrid Nanomotor

Efficient and controlled nanoscale propulsion in harsh environments requires careful design and manufacturing of nanomachines, which can harvest and translate the propelling forces with high spatial and time resolution. Here we report a new class of artificial nanomachine, named magneto–acoustic hybrid nanomotor, which displays efficient propulsion in the presence of either magnetic or acoustic fields without adding any chemical fuel. These fuel-free hybrid nanomotors, which comprise a magnetic helical structure and a concave nanorod end, are synthesized using a template-assisted electrochemical deposition process followed by segment-selective chemical etching. Dynamic switching of the propulsion mode with reversal of the movement direction and digital speed regulation are demonstrated on a single nanovehicle. These hybrid nanomotors exhibit a diverse biomimetic collective behavior, including stable aggregation, swarm motion, and swarm vortex, triggered in response to different field inputs. Such adaptive...
Functional Interactions Between the Thrombin Receptor and the T-Cell Antigen Receptor in Human T-Cell Lines

The proteolytically activated thrombin receptor (TR) is expressed by T lymphocytes, which suggests that thrombin may modulate T-cell activation at sites of hemostatic stress. We examined the relationship between TR function and T-cell activation in the Jurkat human T-cell line and in T-cell lines with defined defects in T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) function. Stimulation with thrombin or the synthetic TR peptide SFLLRN produced intracellular Ca2+ transients in Jurkat cells. As the concentration of TR agonist was increased, peak Ca2+ mobilization increased, but influx of extracellular Ca2+ decreased. TR signaling was enhanced in a TCR-negative Jurkat line and in T-cell lines deficient in the tyrosine kinase lck or the tyrosine phosphatase CD45, both of which are essential for normal TCR function. TCR cross-linking with anti-CD3 IgM desensitized TR signaling in Jurkat cells, but not in CD45-deficient cells. A proteinase-activated receptor (PAR-2)–specific agonist peptide, SLIGKV, produced small Ca2+ transients in both MEG-01 human megakaryocytic cells and Jurkat cells, but was less potent than the TR-specific agonist TFRIFD in both cell types. Like TR signaling, PAR-2 signaling was enhanced in TCR-negative or lck -deficient Jurkat clones. These findings provide evidence for functional cross-talk between proteolytically activated receptors and the TCR.
Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.

Abstract Objective To review treatment options for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Data Sources Clinical literature selected by the authors accessed via MEDLINE. Search terms included postherpetic neuralgia, capsaicin, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and lidocaine. Study Selection Controlled trials relevant to PHN. Data Synthesis Traditional analgesics offer little benefit for the treatment of PHN. The best results for pain relief have come from capsaicin and tricyclic antidepressants. Anticonvulsants have also been used, although the number of studies evaluating this is limited. More invasive therapies, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and nerve blocks, can be considered if other therapies fail. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment of herpes zoster may offer patients the best chance of preventing the development of PHN. However, if PHN does develop, the patient should seek treatment early for the best chance of pain relief.
Is Set Shifting Really Impaired in Trait Anxiety? Only When Switching Away From an Effortfully Established Task Set.

The current study investigated whether trait anxiety was systematically related to task-set shifting performance, using a task-switching paradigm in which 1 task was more attentionally demanding than the other. Specifically, taking advantage of a well-established phenomenon known as asymmetric switch costs, we tested the hypothesis that the association between trait anxiety and task-set shifting is most clearly observed when individuals must switch away from a more attentionally demanding task for which it was necessary to effortfully establish an appropriate task set. Ninety-one young adults completed an asymmetric switching task and trait-level mood questionnaires. Results indicated that higher levels of trait anxiety were systematically associated with greater asymmetry in reaction time (RT) switch costs. Specifically, the RT costs for switching from the more attentionally demanding task to the less demanding task were significantly greater with higher levels of trait anxiety, whereas the RT costs for switching in the opposite direction were not significantly associated with trait anxiety levels. Further analyses indicated that these associations were not attributable to comorbid dysphoria or worry. These results suggest that levels of trait anxiety may not be related to general set-shifting ability per se, but, rather, that anxiety-specific effects may primarily be restricted to when one must efficiently switch away from (or let go of) an effortfully established task set. (PsycINFO Database Record
Structural behavior of spherical shells

This chapter emphasizes structural behavior of spherical shells. Spherical shells subject to external hydrostatic pressure have been employed as structural components of undersea systems, flight vehicles, vacuum chambers, chambers fixed to the floor of the ocean, and many other applications. Complete transparent spherical shells have been employed to house undersea transducers, video systems, and have also been proposed for carriers of humans to significant depths. Incomplete spherical shells have found application as end caps of cylinder-cone-sphere systems. Some of these applications have involved transparent partial spheres. Hydrostatically loaded complete spherical shells ands partial spherical shells (caps or domes) may buckle elastically, plastically, or into the elasto-plastic range of action. Contemporary deep submersibles employ either partial or complete spherical shells subject to hydrostatic loading. The partial shells usually cap the ends of cylindrical pressure hulls and are occasionally transparent to permit the viewing of undersea systems. In fact, more effort has been devoted to the buckling analysis of these partial end caps than to investigation of complete, closed spherical shells. The end caps of common interest may have geometries ranging from hemispherical to shallow.
Randomized phase II study of fludarabine + cytosine arabinoside + idarubicin +/- all-trans retinoic acid +/- granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in poor prognosis newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.

Preclinical data suggest that retinoids, eg, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), lower concentrations of antiapoptotic proteins such as bcl-2, possibly thereby improving the outcome of anti-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been considered to be potentially synergistic with ATRA in this regard. Accordingly, we randomized 215 patients with newly diagnosed AML (153 patients) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (refractory anemia with excess blasts [RAEB] or RAEB-t, 62 patients) to receive fludarabine + ara-C + idarubicin (FAI) alone, FAI + ATRA, FAI + G-CSF, or FAI + ATRA + G-CSF. Eligibility required one of the following: age over 71 years, a history of abnormal blood counts before M.D. Anderson (MDA) presentation, secondary AML/MDS, failure to respond to one prior course of chemotherapy given outside MDA, or abnormal renal or hepatic function. For the two treatment arms containing ATRA, ATRA was given 2 days (day-2) before beginning and continued for 3 days after completion of FAI. For the two treatment arms including G-CSF, G-CSF began on day-1 and continued until neutrophil recovery. Patients with white blood cell (WBC) counts >50,000/μL began ATRA on day 1 and G-CSF on day 2. Events (death, failure to achieve complete remission [CR], or relapse from CR) have occurred in 77% of the 215 patients. Reflecting the poor prognosis of the patients entered, the CR rate was only 51%, median event-free survival (EFS) time once in CR was 36 weeks, and median survival time was 28 weeks. A Cox regression analysis indicated that, after accounting for patient prognostic variables, none of the three adjuvant treatment combinations (FAI + ATRA, FAI + G, FAI + ATRA + G) affected survival, EFS, or EFS once in CR compared with FAI. Similarly, there were no significant effects of either ATRA ignoring G-CSF, or of G-CSF ignoring ATRA. As previously found, a diagnosis of RAEB or RAEB-t rather than AML was insignificant. There were no indications that the effect of ATRA differed according to cytogenetic group, diagnosis (AML or MDS), or treatment schedule. Logistic regression analysis indicated that, after accounting for prognosis, addition of G-CSF ± ATRA to FAI improved CR rate versus either FAI or FAI + ATRA, but G-CSF had no effect on the other outcomes. We conclude that addition of ATRA ± G-CSF to FAI had no effect on CR rate, survival, EFS, or EFS in CR in poor prognosis, newly diagnosed AML or high-risk MDS.
Experiencing Racial Humor with Outgroups: A Psychophysiological Examination of Co-Viewing Effects

Research on co-viewing (or group viewing) is scarce. Yet, co-viewing has important implications for the viewers’ entertainment experience and the way viewers respond to and evaluate entertainment—especially those with controversial messages. The present study investigated responses to racial humor content among racial in-group and out-group viewing contexts. Specifically, the study examined the extent to which Blacks and Whites would experience discomfort when viewing racial slurs in comedies with in-group compared to out-group members. Employing real-time psychophysiological data and multilevel time series models, the study found a significant increase in emotional arousal (indicated by SCRs) and distraction (indicated by RSA) among Blacks in the context of out-group viewing compared to in-group viewing, but not for Whites. Implications of findings are discussed.
A dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) for ultra-low voltage operation

To extend the lower bound of power supply to ultra-low voltages (0.6 V and below), we propose a dynamic-threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) built on silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The threshold voltage of DTMOS drops as the gate voltage is raised, resulting in a much higher current drive than standard MOSFET at low power supply voltages. On the other hand, V/sub t/ is high at V/sub gs/=0, therefore the leakage current is low. We provide experimental results and 2-D device and mixed-mode simulations to analyze DTMOS and compare its performance with a standard MOSFET. These results verify excellent DC inverter characteristics down to V/sub dd/=0.2 V, and good ring oscillator performance down to 0.3 V for DTMOS. >
Validity of the Weizsäcker-Williams approximation and the analysis of beam dump experiments: Production of an axion, a dark photon, or a new axial-vector boson

Beam dump experiments have been used to search for new particles, $\ensuremath{\phi}$, with null results interpreted in terms of limits on masses ${m}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$ and coupling constants $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. However these limits have been obtained by using approximations [including the Weizs\"acker-Williams (WW) approximation] or Monte Carlo simulations. We display methods to obtain the cross section and the resulting particle production rates without using approximations on the phase space integral or Monte Carlo simulations. In our previous work we examined the case of the new scalar boson production; in this paper we explore all possible new spin-0 and spin-1 particles. We show that the approximations cannot be used to obtain accurate values of cross sections. The corresponding exclusion plots differ by substantial amounts when seen on a linear scale. Furthermore, a new region (${m}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}l2{m}_{e}$) of parameter space can be explored without using one of the common approximations, ${m}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}\ensuremath{\gg}{m}_{e}$. We derive new expressions for the three-photon decays of dark photon and four-photon decays of new axial-vector bosons. As a result, the production cross section and exclusion region of different low mass (${m}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}l2{m}_{e}$) bosons are very different. Moreover, our method can be used as a consistency check for Monte Carlo simulations.
Longitudinal associations between outpatient medical care use and substance use among rural stimulant users.

Background: Negative views toward substance use treatment among some rural substance users and limited treatment resources in rural areas likely affect substance use utilization. It is therefore im...
Nonexistence of nontrivial tight 8-designs

Tight t-designs are t-designs whose sizes achieve the Fisher type lower bound. We give a new necessary condition for the existence of nontrivial tight designs and then use it to show that there do not exist nontrivial tight 8-designs.
Settler indigeneity and the eradication of the non‐native: self‐determination and biosecurity in the Falkland Islands (Malvinas)

This article analyses how settlers of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) construct themselves as ‘natives’ through environmental management. Taking a multispecies ethnographic and historical approach to studying the Falkland Islanders’ self-determination claim, I explore a series of ecological practices that demonstrate how some nonhumans become institutionalized into systems of racial and colonial classification whereas others appear natural. I show how agroindustrial and technoscientific value systems categorize human and nonhuman cohabitants according to degrees of political, economic, and ecological status through particular periods in the Falklands: from the eradication of ‘native pests’ (1833-1982) to defence against ‘alien invaders’ (1982-present). Towards a conclusion, I analyse how Islanders have begun to uproot their own ecological imperial past through removal of British-introduced ‘invasive’ species and native habitat restoration. The article argues that attention to how settlers colonize with natives contributes significantly to a critical multispecies anthropology with broader implications for debates on ethnogenesis and indigeneity.
Thermal oxidation of the hydrogenated diamond (100) surface

Abstract Hydrogenated single-crystal diamond (1 0 0) surfaces were exposed to dry O2 under UHV conditions at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1000 °C. The surfaces were largely inert to O2 at 850 sub ° C , but they reacted rapidly with O2 at higher temperatures. Thermal oxidation with unactivated molecular O2 occurred only after the surface hydrogen had desorbed, usually at about 950 °C but depended partially on the condition of the surface. Oxidation at T sub >950 ° C generated an overlayer of graphitic sp2 carbon on the diamond surface, as confirmed by low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy and C-KLL lineshape analysis, electron loss spectroscopy and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Relatively little surface oxygen (or hydrogen) remained after oxidation, probably due to thermal desorption. By comparison, the surfaces of unheated diamonds exposed to oxygen activated by a hot metal filament (O 2 ∗ ) were terminated with a full monolayer of oxygen in the form of ether or carbonyl groups, and had only a small amount of sp2 carbon. Deuterium- and hydrogen-terminated surfaces behaved identically towards oxygen addition.
Relaxin-mediated renal vasodilation in the rat is associated with falls in glomerular blood pressure

Relaxin (RLX) is a pleiotropic peptide hormone with marked renal vasodilatory actions that are physiologically important during pregnancy. RLX also has potent antifibrotic actions and is being test...
Mexico’s economic infrastructure: international benchmark and its impact on growth

After much debate, many academic circles have concluded that under the right circumstances, infrastructure stocks may be a promoter for growth. This paper benchmarks Mexico’s infrastructure quantity stocks and identifies Mexico’s infrastructure bottlenecks in regard to 94 countries. With a sample of annual data from 1960 to 2014, the analysis focuses on three economic sectors—telecommunications, energy and transport—by three exercises: (1) reviewing trends (simple and conditional) from an international perspective, (2) estimating infrastructure’s effect on growth with the generalized method of moments methodology, and finally, (3) calculating Mexico’s infrastructure gap compared to region leaders. The main findings indicate that Mexico’s infrastructure stocks were the lowest compared to similar countries in 1990. In 2010, Mexico improved its infrastructure stock provision, but still lags from the world mean. With 6-year average periods, there is statistically significant evidence of a positive effect of infrastructure on growth. Overall, Mexican infrastructure quantity is behind most regional leader’s, barely surpassing that of India’s.
Parallelizing Single Source Shortest Path with OpenSHMEM

Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP) is one of the widely occurring graph problems where the paths are discovered from an origin vertex to all other vertices in the graph. In this paper, we discuss our experience parallelizing SSSP using OpenSHMEM. We start with the serial Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford algorithms, parallelize these algorithms, and adapt them to the Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming model. We implement the parallel algorithms using OpenSHMEM and introduce a series of optimizations to achieve higher scaling and performance characteristics. The implementation is evaluated on Titan with various graphs including synthetic Recursive Matrix (R-MAT) and small-world network graphs as well as real-world graphs from Facebook, Twitter, LiveJournal, and the road maps of California and Texas.
Selective Iron-Catalyzed N-Formylation of Amines using Dihydrogen and Carbon Dioxide

A family of iron(II) carbonyl hydride species supported by PNP pincer ligands was identified as highly productive catalysts for the N-formylation of amines via CO2 hydrogenation. Specifically, iron complexes supported by two different types of PNP ligands were examined for formamide production. Complexes containing a PNP ligand with a tertiary amine afforded superior turnover numbers in comparison to complexes containing a bifunctional PNP ligand with a secondary amine, indicating that bifunctional motifs are not required for catalysis. Systems incorporating a tertiary amine containing a PNP ligand were active for the N-formylation of a variety of amine substrates, achieving TONs up to 8900 and conversions as high as 92%. Mechanistic experiments suggest that N-formylation occurs via an initial, reversible reduction of CO2 to ammonium formate followed by dehydration to produce formamide. Several intermediates relevant to this reaction pathway, as well as iron-containing deactivation species, were isolated ...
IBM’s Environmental Management of Product Aspects

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) strives to lead in the creation, development, and manufacture of the industry’s most advanced information technologies, including computer systems, software, networking systems, storage devices, and microelectronics. The company’s worldwide network of IBM solutions and service professionals translates these advanced technologies into business value for its customers.
Premixed Piston IC Engines

Internal combustion (IC) engines have been moving the industrial world for over three centuries. A type of IC engine is the spark ignition (SI) engine, where the fuel and oxidizer are premixed prior to entering the engine. Because of the high power density, low cost of production, and the vast infrastructure for gasoline, SI engines are ideal power platforms for passenger cars, small trucks, motorcycles, lawn mowers, and small electrical power generators. SI engines are robust and capable of producing high levels of power at wide speed ranges. Current opportunities for internal combustion engine development include efficiency improvement, novel fuel implementation, and pollution reduction. Topics in this chapter include: (1) principles of SI engines, (2) thermodynamic analysis, (3) discussion of the octane number, (4) fuel preparation, (5) ignition timing, (6) flame propagation, (7) modeling of SI engine combustion, (8) emissions and their control including catalytic converters, and (9) gasoline direct injection engines.
Materials/Energy Flows and Balances as a Component of Environmental Statistics

The relevance of statistical work to the broader United Nations effort to address environmental concerns was recognized by the European Conference of Statisticians in 1970. A first paper was prepared and discussed at a meeting of experts in Geneva in 1973 [UN 73]; a follow-up paper was discussed at a seminar sponsored jointly by the Conference of European Statisticians and the Senior Advisors to ECE governments on Environmental Problems, in Warsaw [UN 73a]. At the Warsaw Seminar the following primary classification of elements of a system of environmental statistics was suggested: 1. Natural elements of the environment (atmosphere, hydrosphere, land surface and biosphere, lithosphere) 2. Man made elements of the environment (anthroposphere) 3. Pollutants and wastes 4. Biomes (ecological systems) 5. Natural disasters.
Critical Error 6 Not Anticipating the Audience’s Bias

The legend goes that in the 1980s a committee of U.S. scientists was assigned to determine which areas of the country would be finalists for the location of a nuclear waste repository. Most of these places under consideration were rural. After carefully considering the local geography and other criteria, the committee made its selections. Before these selections were to be made public, the Department of Energy requested that these scientists go to the various sites, inform the local residents of the decision for that site, and answer questions that the people had.
Intuition and the Process of Medical Diagnosis: The Quest for Explicit Knowledge in the Technological Era

Bertrand Russell once remarked that “Philosophy, like all other studies, aims primarily at knowledge. The knowledge it aims at is the kind of knowledge which gives unity and system to the body of the sciences, and the kind which results from a critical examination of the grounds of our convictions, prejudices and beliefs” ([10], p. 154). It is unlikely that Russell had medicine in mind when he referred to “all other studies”, for it has always been a commonplace that attending physicians aim primarily at the restoration and preservation of health rather than at knowledge. As it is an indispensable part of this principal aim, however, physicians—since the days of the ancient school of Hippocrates of Cos—have been concerned with diagnosis, and in this sense at least gnosis still preoccupies members of the medical profession. For the practicing physician, the time between a patient’s complaint and the initiation of a therapeutic regimen is occupied by a search for knowledge, though at this point it is a more utilitarian, pragmatic, or practical knowledge than Russell had in mind.
A sub-millennial sediment record of ice-stream retreat and meltwater storage in the Baltic Ice Lake during the Bølling-Allerød interstadial

Abstract The rapid retreat of the Baltic Ice Stream and the development of the Baltic Ice Lake is assessed using data from sediment cores retrieved from three sub-basins in the southern Baltic Sea. Hydraulic piston coring by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) recovered for the first time intact glacial lake sequences overlying diamictons and other ice-contact deposits at Sites M0063, M0064 and M0065. Based on the particle size and bulk sediment chemical composition the glacial lake sediments were subdivided into a proximal and a distal varve sequence. The origin of a dark, lithologically distinct horizon between the proximal and distal varves is attributed to a lake drainage event following the opening of a spillway in central Sweden. Available age constraints suggest that the Baltic Ice Lake developed during the Bolling-Allerod interstadial and reached its maximum size at ∼13 ka. Ice retreat was forced by surface melt, and amplified by calving in the upstream deepening lake environment. Furthermore, rapid ice retreat and glacio-isostatic processes allowed for the storage of substantial amounts of meltwater in the Baltic Ice Lake during the Allerod warm period. Subsequent lake drainage into the North Atlantic took place through a conduit at higher latitude than previous drainage pathways. The pronounced changes in meltwater storage and routing caused by the rapid retreat of the Baltic Ice Stream may have contributed to abrupt climate change through the effects of changing freshwater supply on Atlantic overturning circulation.
The Joy of Learning: A Case Study of a Transformative Educator and Activist.

Dr. Dorothy, “Dot,” Ettling was a contemplative practitioner, a spiritual leader, a scholar, and a mentor. She had the phenomenal ability to see the talents of others and enlist their aid in servin...
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis is more prevalent in shared households and its risk correlates with the number of cohabiting cats.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is more prevalent in shared vs single-cat households, whether the number of cohabiting cats or outdo...
A Buddhist Theory of Persistence: Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla on Rebirth

The so-called Buddhist momentarists (kṣaṇabhaṅgavādin or kṣaṇikavādin), such as Dharmakīrti and his followers, defend the momentariness of all things. However, with equal force they also defend the persistence of all things, not just within a single lifetime but over an indefinite cycle of rebirth. Naturally, they have an interesting theory of persistence, according to which things persist without being self-identical over time. The theory is best presented in the Lokāyatāparīkṣā chapter of Śāntarakṣita’s Tattvasaṃgraha and Kamalaśīla’s Paṅjikā, as they clearly articulate the criteria of persistence without identity. The purpose of this paper is to formulate a Buddhist theory of persistence through the analysis of these texts. Here is the basic formula: Things persist as series (santāna), which is constituted by momentary entities that are causally related as upādāna and upādeya. Upādāna causal relation is demarcated from other causal relations by the principle of changeability with temporal restriction (Ut), and the principle adopts further qualifications to accommodate complex cases and personal persistence. I have addressed a problem that contemporary physicalism might pose a threat to the Buddhist account of personal persistence, and argued that the problem can be evaded by regarding persons as psycho-physical entities rather than strictly non-physical. In its general outlook, the Buddhist theory of persistence is close to Theodore Sider’s stage theory in that persistence is a matter of distinct individuals standing in a special causal relationship. As regards personal persistence, the Buddhist has a stricter condition than Parfit’s IDM thesis, which states that psychological connectedness with any cause is what matters for survival. The Buddhist would say it is moral connectedness (a specific kind of psychological connectedness) with a special cause called upādāna.
Introduction: Emotional Development, Past, and Present

In the Introduction to the volume, we present a brief history of emotion research and how research on emotional development differentiates itself from the broader emotion literature.
Mice lacking the epidermal retinol dehydrogenases SDR16C5 and SDR16C6 display accelerated hair growth and enlarged meibomian glands.

Retinol dehydrogenases catalyze the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, a bioactive lipid molecule that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes by binding to nuclear transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors. Several enzymes exhibit retinol dehydrogenase activities in vitro; however, their physiological relevance for retinoic acid biosynthesis in vivo remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that two murine epidermal retinol dehydrogenases, short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5 (SDR16C5) and SDR16C6, contribute to retinoic acid biosynthesis in living cells and are also essential for the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde in vivo. Mice with targeted knockout of the more catalytically active SDR16C6 enzyme have no obvious phenotype, possibly due to functional redundancy, because Sdr16c5 and Sdr16c6 exhibit an overlapping expression pattern during later developmental stages and in adulthood. Mice that lack both enzymes are viable and fertile but display accelerated hair growth after shaving and also enlarged meibomian glands, consistent with a nearly 80% reduction in the retinol dehydrogenase activities of skin membrane fractions from the Sdr16c5/Sdr16c6 double-knockout mice. The up-regulation of hair-follicle stem cell genes is consistent with reduced retinoic acid signaling in the skin of the double-knockout mice. These results indicate that the retinol dehydrogenase activities of murine SDR16C5 and SDR16C6 enzymes are not critical for survival but are responsible for most of the retinol dehydrogenase activity in skin, essential for the regulation of the hair-follicle cycle, and required for the maintenance of both sebaceous and meibomian glands.
Arteriopathy Induced By Reticuloendothelial Blockade

To have a better comprehension of vascular changes resulting from reticuloendothelial blockade, it is necessary to understand the long-term effect of blockade of reticuloendothelial cells which undoubtedly interferes with their normal function. These functional disturbances can be readily observed in the phagocytic cells of the liver after parenteral administration of foreign material. Extensive reviews of early studies have been reported by Jaffe [1], Halpern [2], and Brauer [3]. These studies have been con-cerned with the classification of reticuloendothelial cells and a study of their functions. Other studies have been directed toward a quantitative approach in which blood-clearance measurements were determined as an index of phagocytic activity (Benacerraf et al. [4], Dobson [5], DiLuzio [6], and others).
Beyond representation. Overcoming the trap of representation through autonomous organization and prefigurative politics in the square movements

Abstract There is a historical debate that juxtaposes representation and everyday life as mutually exclusive. Consequently, refusing representation is interpreted as means to embrace embodied experience. However, this presents a contradiction: refusing representational processes, rather than leading to an unmediated reality, often leads to new forms of representation. This is what I call the trap of representation and it is the main topic of this article. To illustrate this, I analyze space and representational processes through the lens of the debates taking place in the context of the square movements of 2011–2014. These movements made the trap of representation their central topic of debate. Two main clashing visions (thesis and antithesis) arose: critical acceptance of representation and total refusal of representation. While the former sought representative legitimacy in the political arena, the latter focused on attaining representational autonomy in public spaces. Thus, the protesters experimented with forms of organization beyond representational processes. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, I put the two visions in dialogue in search for a synthesis. The material analyzed reveals that, while facing a theoretical clash, these movements achieved practical synthesis thanks to three practical philosophies that were performed in their encampments and assemblies: embracing conflict, creative resistance and critical proactiveness. They propounded a politics of direct presentation (rather than re-presentation) and a prefigurative occupation of space through autonomous organization. I conclude by introducing the notion of beyond-representational processes as a way to transcend the idea that everyday life and representation are mutually exclusive.
Duplex of Polyamidoamine Dendrimer/Custom-Designed Nuclear-Localization Sequence Peptide for Enhanced Gene Delivery.

Background: Dendrimers are an attractive alternative to viral vectors due to the low cost of production, larger genetic insert-carrying capacity, and added control over immune- and genotoxic compli...
Squamous Odontogenic Tumor: Review of the Literature and Report of a New Case

Purpose Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare, benign, locally infiltrative odontogenic tumor of the gnathic bones. It is composed of islands of bland, well-differentiated squamous epithelium of varying shape and size. Because of histologic overlap, SOT has often been overdiagnosed as ameloblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It thus becomes important to understand the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and treatment characteristics of this tumor. Materials and Methods Using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we searched for reported cases of SOT published in the English-language literature. We were able to retrieve 49 acceptable cases and perform a comprehensive literature review of the intraosseous SOTs, with emphasis on their clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics, as well as treatment strategies. In addition, we present an additional case of SOT affecting the posterior mandible in a 44-year-old female patient. Results The tumor in the posterior mandible in our patient was accompanied by acute pain and treated by enucleation. Histopathologic evaluation showed variably sized islands of benign squamous epithelium scattered in a fibrous stroma, consistent with the diagnosis of an SOT. Uneventful healing was noted at the 1-month postoperative appointment. However, the patient was lost to long-term follow-up. Our literature review showed that the average age at the time of diagnosis of SOT is 34.2 years. Men and women are equally affected, and the tumor does not show a predilection for either jaw bone. The most common locations are the anterior maxilla and posterior mandible. Most SOTs are treated conservatively by enucleation or curettage, whereas aggressive or recurrent tumors require radical resection. Conclusions Careful evaluation of the excised specimen, with immunohistochemical investigations, may prove rewarding in differentiating an SOT from other odontogenic neoplasms and thus minimize the patient's chances of undergoing an unnecessary aggressive intervention.
Revision of Macrelmis Motschulsky, 1860 in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico with Description of Four New Species (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae)

Four new species of MacrelmisMotschulsky, 1860 are described from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico: Macrelmis harleyi Barr, new species from Arizona, Macrelmis mexicana Barr, new species from Mexico, Macrelmis shepardi Barr, new species from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico, and Macrelmis texangusta Barr, new species from Texas and Mexico. Photographic images illustrate the external morphology and male genitalia of the new species, as well as that of Macrelmis shoemakei (Brown, 1971), Macrelmis moesta (Horn, 1870), and Macrelmis texana (Schaeffer, 1911), which occur in the same geographic region. The genitalia of M. moesta and M. texana are described and illustrated for the first time. A key to the 14 known species of Macrelmis occurring in the southwestern United States and Mexico is provided, accompanied by line illustrations of the genitalia of the remaining seven Mexican species not included in the species treatments. Also included are geographic distribution maps for the seven species that are discussed in this article.