cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach for Clustering Zeolite Crystal Structures

Informatics approaches play an increasingly important role in the design of new materials. In this work we apply unsupervised statistical learning for identifying four framework-type attractors of zeolite crystals in which several of the zeolite framework types are grouped together. Zeolites belonging to these super-classes manifest important topological, chemical and physical similarities. The zeolites form clusters located around four core framework types: LTA, FAU, MFI and the combination of EDI, HEU, LTL and LAU. Clustering is performed in a 9-dimensional space of attributes that reflect topological, chemical and physical properties for each individual zeolite crystalline structure. The implemented machine learning approach relies on hierarchical top-down clustering approach and the expectation maximization method. The model is trained and tested on ten partially independent data sets from the FIZ/NIST Inorganic Crystal Structure Database.
Endoscopic ablation of Hunner's lesions in interstitial cystitis patients.

Introduction: We report our experience with endoscopic ablation of Hunner’s lesions in women with interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods: A chart review was performed on 14 patients with IC symptoms who were identified to have bladder lesions and underwent endoscopic ablation. A Hunner’s lesion was identified as an area of erythema that reproduced the patients’ pain when touched by the cystoscope. Pathology reports were reviewed and improvement in pain was used as the main outcome measure. Results: Of the 14 patients, 12 had more than 50% symptomatic improvement and 8 patients reported 100% improvement. Mean improvement was 76%. In all patients who improved, the biopsy specimen showed inflammatory cystitis, often with epithelial denudation. Four patients had symptomatic recurrence, but all had improvement after repeat ablation. Conclusion: Endoscopic ablation of Hunner’s lesions improves symptoms in IC patients. Recurrence of symptoms should prompt repeat cystoscopy to identify recurrent lesions, as repeat ablation offers symptomatic improvement. Introduction : L’article fait etat de notre experience concernant l’ablation endoscopique d’ulceres de Hunner chez des femmes atteintes de cystite interstitielle (CI). Methodologie : On a mene un examen des dossiers de 14 patientes presentant des symptomes de CI chez qui des lesions vesicales avaient ete observees et traitees par ablation endoscopique. Un ulcere de Hunner etait defini comme une zone d’erytheme reproduisant la douleur decrite par la patiente lorsque cette zone etait touchee a l’aide du cystoscope. Les rapports de pathologie ont ete examines et la reduction de la douleur a ete utilisee comme principal critere d’evaluation. Resultats : Sur les 14 patientes, 12 ont presente une reduction superieure a 50 % des symptomes et 8 ont signale une reduction de 100 %. Le taux moyen de reduction etait de 76 %. Chez toutes les patientes ayant signale une reduction des symptomes, l’echantillon de tissu preleve par biopsie montrait la presence de cystite inflammatoire, souvent accompagnee de denudation epitheliale. Quatre patientes ont signale une reapparition des symptomes, mais une nouvelle ablation a permis de reduire encore une fois les symptomes. Conclusion : L’ablation endoscopique des ulceres de Hunner entraine une reduction des symptomes en presence de CI. La reapparition des symptomes devrait etre prise en charge par une nouvelle cystoscopie afin de reperer les nouvelles lesions; une nouvelle ablation permet de soulager les symptomes.
The Climate Change Debates

Having expanded far beyond atmospheric science, the contentious debate over the prospects of disruptive changes in Earth's climate now also encompasses important political, economic, and social issues. The eight books considered in Kitcher's essay review discuss some of the causes and consequences of the present controversy and how we might best move forward from it. The still-raging clashes on the reality of anthropogenic climate change and the actions we should take to mitigate its effects also raise fundamental questions about how science should work in democratic societies. (Join a discussion of this article online at .)
Fighting Battles, Winning Wars

The author models warfare as a random-walk stochastic process. Rather than model war as a single-shot lottery, as is common in the literature, nations fight a series of battles. Nations do not defe...
Role-based query processing in multidatabase systems

We address the problem of data integration and query processing in multidatabase systems in the presence of conflicting values for the attributes that correspond to different instances of the same real-world object appearing in multiple roles. We present a new method for schema and data integration in multidatabase systems that presents the answer to the query as a set of sets representing the distinct intersections between the relations representing the various roles of interest. We present extensions to MSQL that allow us to express role-sets and quantifiers applied to them. We further develop a strategy for query processing based on our role-based model. Our method allows for local selection for all queries with/without aggregation and thus reduces the amount of data transmitted. In addition, it makes efficient use of merge-sort techniques to generate the role-sets and compute joins at the global query site.
Talking About Writing: What We Can Learn from Conversations between Parents and Their Young Children.

In six analyses using the Child Language Data Exchange System known as CHILDES, we explored whether and how parents and their 1.5- to 5-year-old children talk about writing. Parent speech might include information about the similarity between print and speech and about the difference between writing and drawing. Parents could convey similarity between print and speech by using the words say, name, and word to refer to both spoken and written language. Parents could differentiate writing and drawing by making syntactic and semantic distinctions in their discussion of the two symbol systems. Our results indicate that parent speech includes these types of information. However, young children themselves sometimes confuse writing and drawing in their speech.
Program and Design Decisions in an Uncertain and Dynamic Market: Making Engineering Choices Matter

The success of a modern, complex engineering program is inherently a dynamic economic exercise. Because of this it is not possible to fully grasp what decisions are important to the success of a program using only the typical static or "frozen" design methods and processes. This paper attempts to provide a basic understanding of these design processes and illustrate what they leave to be desired when used in a true market environment. Further, this paper illustrates a dynamic method using tools from engineering, management, and finance to overcome these weaknesses. The dynamic environment allows decision parameters and metrics to change, along with the potential for true competition. Furthermore, it allows the engineer to determine which design choices matter most to the creation of a successful program and how to make the most appropriate choices in the face of uncertainty. Finally, this paper provides a simple example application using regulatory uncertainty to demonstrate the value of the method.
Behavioral Equations and Equilibrium in the Agricultural Labor Market

WO perplexing problems have received the attention of analysts concerned with the income problems of farm people. The first of these is the tendency for the income of farm people to lag behind that of nonfarm people. The second of these is concerned with the rather sizable regional differences in labor incomes even within the farm sector. The existence of both problems has been well documented in the literature. Static economic theory has been used as a frame of reference in the identification of this relative-income problem. Although analysts have been forced to work with averages rather than with the marginal concepts which the theory would suggest, they still argue that a perfectly functioning economy should equilibrate income differences among regions after adjustments have been made for differences in the quality of the resources and other factors, such as cost of living and demographic characteristics of the respective populations. An implicit assumption in such comparison of income data is that the distribution of tastes among the groups being compared is similar. That is, the distribution of tastes for employment in agriculture or the nonfarm sector is such that compensating differences do not have to be paid to induce laborers to supply their services to one sector or another. Two plausible alternative hypotheses to this are (1) that low incomes in agriculture are "acceptable" because of strong preferences by those raised in agriculture to stay in that particular employment even though lower monetary returns are involved, and (2) that employment in agriculture is distasteful, so that a person has to be "compensated" to supply his labor to that indus-
Pre-treatment quality assurance for stereotactic cranial plans

Objective To report the Results of Quality Assurance (QA) dose planning for stereotactic cranial treatments delivered with Dynamic Conformal Arcs (DCA) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) techniques. Material and methods A total of 26 dose plans, 19 patients with DCA from Iplan® (Brainlab) and 7 patients with VMAT from EclipseTM (Varian), were verified with different QA methods. Plans were delivered on a Novalis TX unit. Each treatment field was checked for absolute isocenter dose using a Lucy® 3D QA Phantom (Standard Imaging) and a Diamond chamber (PTW). GafchromicTM EBT3 film dosimetry (ISP) was selected to verify total dose plans in the 2D axial planes. A flatbed RGB scanner (Epson Expression 10,000 XL) was used to digitize the films and the RIT software to analyze the data (gamma criteria 1 mm and 3%). Relative dose analysis was performed normalized at isocenter. Same criteria were used for Portal dosimetry (PD) verifications of VMAT plans. Finally for DCA plans, manual independent Monitor Units Calculation (MUC) number was implemented. Results Absolute isocenter dose measurements: the mean dose ratio (measured/expected) was for DCA (total of 102 fields, dose range 0.3–6 Gy), and for VMAT treatments (a total of 22 treatment fields, and dose range 0.3–1.3 Gy) 1.014 (SD 0.017) and 1.034 (SD 0.031) respectively. Films: the mean gamma agreement index (GAI) was for DCA plans (3 patients) and VMAT plans (3 patients) 99.9% (SD 0.1%) and 93.0 (SD 3.9%) respectively. PD: for VMAT plans (22 fields) the mean GAI was 93.4% (SD 3.4%). MUC: the mean relative difference over 102 treatment fields was 0.02% (SD 1.64%). Conclusion DCA QA results were excellent. VMAT, chosen to better spare organ at risk with its modulation, showed worst results likely for this last feature. HybridArc will next be tested.
Which Polynomials Over an Algebraic Number Field Map the Algebraic Integers into Themselves

(1971). Which Polynomials Over an Algebraic Number Field Map the Algebraic Integers into Themselves? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 179-180.
High-Activity Cobalt Catalysts for Alkene Hydroboration with Electronically Responsive Terpyridine and α-Diimine Ligands

Cobalt alkyl complexes bearing readily available and redox-active 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and α-diimine ligands have been synthesized, and their electronic structures have been elucidated. In each case, the supporting chelate is reduced to the monoanionic, radical form that is engaged in antiferromagnetic coupling with the cobalt(II) center. Both classes of cobalt alkyls proved to be effective for the isomerization–hydroboration of sterically hindered alkenes. An α-diimine-substituted cobalt allyl complex proved exceptionally active for the reduction of hindered tri-, tetra-, and geminally substituted alkenes, representing one of the most active homogeneous catalysts known for hydroboration. With limonene, formation of an η3-allyl complex with a C–H agostic interaction was identified and accounts for the sluggish reactivity observed with diene substrates. For the terpyridine derivative, unique Markovnikov selectivity with styrene was also observed with HBPin.
Comparison of HSV-1 and HSV-2 Isolation in Vero, Primary Rabbit Kidney, and MRC-5 Cells

The sensitivity and speed of detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in primary rabbit kidney (PRK), African green monkey kidney (Vero), and diploid human lung embryo (MRC-5) cells were evaluated. The PRK and Vero cell cultures infected with HSV demonstrated cytopathic effect (CPE) significantly earlier than MRC-5-infected cells. All three cell lines were equally susceptible to HSV-1 infection, but not to HSV-2. These results demonstrate that HSV CPE is detectable earlier in Vero and PRK cell cultures than in MRC-5 cultures and the level of sensitivity is dependent upon the HSV type.
An Empirical Polarizable Force Field Based on the Classical Drude Oscillator Model: Development History and Recent Applications.

Molecular mechanics force fields that explicitly account for induced polarization represent the next generation of physical models for molecular dynamics simulations. Several methods exist for modeling induced polarization, and here we review the classical Drude oscillator model, in which electronic degrees of freedom are modeled by charged particles attached to the nuclei of their core atoms by harmonic springs. We describe the latest developments in Drude force field parametrization and application, primarily in the last 15 years. Emphasis is placed on the Drude-2013 polarizable force field for proteins, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates. We discuss its parametrization protocol, development history, and recent simulations of biologically interesting systems, highlighting specific studies in which induced polarization plays a critical role in reproducing experimental observables and understanding physical behavior. As the Drude oscillator model is computationally tractable and available in a wide range of s...
Perilymphatic fistula induced by barotrauma.

The association between diving, barotrauma, and the production of perilymphatic fistula has been known for almost 20 years. Forty-eight cases of round and oval window fistulas following diving have been reviewed and essentially corroborate previous findings. Any patient with a history of diving and subsequent sensorineural hearing loss within 72 hours should be suspected of having a round or oval window perilymphatic fistula and surgical exploration and closure of the fistula should be undertaken
Reinvestigation of Li1 − x Ti y V1 − y S2 Electrodes in Suitable Electrolyte: Highly Improved Electrochemical Properties

Reversible electrochemical intercalation of Li into the Li 1-x Ti y V 1-y S 2 dichalcogenides, which was frustrated in the 1970s by the use of 1 M LiClO 4 in propylene carbonate as the electrolyte, is reinvestigated with 1 M LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate:diethyl carbonate (1:1). The choice of the electrolyte allows full electrochemical cycling between MS 2 and LiMS 2 (M = V or Ti 0.3 V 0.7 ). The as-prepared Li 2 MS 2 (z ≈ 0.9) samples were fully lithiated after the first discharge, and from a subsequent charge of LiVS 2 to VS 2 , the room-temperature solubility limits of the parent 3S phase, the Li-rich hexagonal phase, the intermediate a and β phases, and the hexagonal Li-poor hexagonal phase have been determined. Introduction of Ti in LiTi 0.3 V 0.7 S 2 remarkably improves the capacity at high cycling rates and increases the voltage by about 0.2 V.
Glycemic control and variability in association with body mass index and body composition over 18months in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Abstract Aims The impact of adiposity on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients has important implications for preventing complications. This study examined associations of glycemic outcomes with body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) and body composition in youth with type 1 diabetes. Methods This is a secondary analysis of an 18-month randomized controlled dietary intervention trial ( N = 136, baseline age = 12.3 ± 2.5 y, HbA1c = 8.1 ± 1.0% (65 ± 11 mmol/mol)). Measured height and weight every 3 months were abstracted from medical records. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline, 12 and 18 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycemic variability assessed by masked 3-day continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) were obtained every 3 months. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) was assessed every 6 months. Adjusted random effects models for repeated measures estimated associations of time-varying BMI and body composition with time-varying glycemic outcomes. Results There was no treatment effect on glycemic outcomes. HbA1c was not associated with BMI or body composition indicators. 1,5-AG was inversely associated with BMI and adiposity indicators (%fat, trunk fat mass and trunk %fat), adjusting for developmental covariates. Adiposity indicators were positively associated with %glucose >180 mg/dL and >126 mg/dL when adjusting for developmental covariates, and %glucose >126 mg/dL when additionally adjusting for diabetes-related covariates. Fewer consistent relationships were observed for 3-day mean glucose and %glucose Conclusions The role of greater BMI and adiposity in diabetes management in youth with type 1 diabetes may relate specifically to increased hyperglycemic excursions.
Solubility Characteristics of PCBM and C60.

Empirical data indicate that several good solvents for C60 and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) have substantial polar and hydrogen-bonding components, which are not intrinsic to the structure of the C60 and PCBM molecules themselves. Functional solubility parameter (FSP) and convex solubility parameter (CSP) computations are performed on C60 and PCBM using solubility data available in the literature. The CSP and FSP results are compared to previously reported Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) and to the parameters calculated using additive functional group contribution methods. The CSP and FSP methods confirm the anomalously large polar and hydrogen-bonding parameters, δP and δH, obtained experimentally for C60 and PCBM. This behavior, which is quite irregular given the structure of the molecules, is due to the fact that several good solvents have high δP and δH values. Thus, these irregularities are highlighted by the CSP and FSP calculations. Additional contradictory solubility chara...
Inhibition of the Serotonin Transporter Is Altered by Metabolites of Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Represents a Caution to Acute or Chronic Treatment Paradigms

Previous studies of transgenic mice carrying a single isoleucine to methionine substitution (I172M) in the serotonin transporter (SERT) demonstrated a loss of sensitivity to multiple antidepressants (ADs) at SERT. However, the ability of AD metabolites to antagonize SERT was not assessed. Here, we evaluated the selectivity and potency of these metabolites for inhibition of SERT in mouse brain-derived synaptosomes and blood platelets from wild-type (I172 mSERT) and the antidepressant-insensitive mouse M172 mSERT. The metabolites norfluoxetine and desmethylsertraline lost the selectivity demonstrated by the parent compounds for inhibition of wild-type mSERT over M172 mSERT, whereas desvenlafaxine and desmethylcitalopram retained selectivity. Furthermore, we show that the metabolite desmethylcitalopram accumulates in the brain and that the metabolites desmethylcitalopram, norfluoxetine, and desvenlafaxine inhibit serotonin uptake in wild-type mSERT at potencies similar to those of their parent compounds, sug...
Abstract 316: Deficiency in the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 8 Alters Macrophage Function and Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Necrosis

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (Lrp8; apolipoprotein E receptor 2; ApoER2) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor ( Ldlr ) gene family which is predominately expressed in the brain, but is also expressed in vascular cells and macrophages where its function is currently unknown. Genomewide linkage analysis has associated a single nucleotide polymorphism in the LRP8 gene with familial and premature coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in humans, suggesting that Lrp8 may contribute to atherosclerosis. This study assessed the role of Lrp8 in macrophage function and atherosclerosis. Following 24 weeks on a high-fat, high-cholesterol Western-type diet, lesion sizes were similar between Lrp8 knockout mice on an Ldlr deficient background ( Lrp8 -/- Ldlr -/- ) and Ldlr single knockout ( Ldlr -/- ) mice, but more complex lesions with extensive necrosis were observed in the Lrp8 -/- Ldlr -/- mice. The differences in lesion composition were not due to differences in plasma cholesterol levels, but increased expression of the macrophage marker CD68 in the Lrp8 -/- Ldlr -/- lesions suggested that these differences were due to alterations in macrophage function. When compared to wild-type (WT) cells, mRNA levels of the nuclear receptor PPARγ and PPARγ-responsive genes such as Cd36, Abca1 , and Lrp1 were significantly increased in Lrp8 deficient macrophages. Additionally, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Ldlr were reduced in Lrp8 deficient macrophages compared to WT cells. Furthermore, following 24 hours in culture there was a reduced number of adherent macrophages found in the Lrp8 deficient population compared to the WT cells. Consistent with this, phosphorylation of Akt was reduced while phosphorylation of p53 was increased in Lrp8 deficient macrophages, suggesting that Lrp8 may affect macrophage viability and proliferation via modulation of cell signaling events. Taken together, these data suggest that Lrp8 plays a critical role in macrophage function via regulation of foam cell formation as well as cell proliferation and viability, with reduced expression of Lrp8 significantly contributing to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and lesion necrosis.
Gene regulatory networks and network models in development and evolution.

The passion, energy, and intellectual rigor that the late Eric Davidson brought to science transformed fields and the lives of many scientists working in them. Key among his many contributions was developing a testable framework and global approach to understanding the mechanics of gene regulation and development. For several decades, Davidson and his colleagues developed the tools, concepts, and approaches that led to a conceptual revolution in our understanding of the role of circuits of interacting genes, regulatory elements, and transcription factors in the differentiation of cells, tissues, … [↵][1]1Email: nshubin{at}uchicago.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Effects of oral reading rate and inflection on intraverbal responding

Reading comprehension may be defined as a type of intraverbal responding. Only a few studies have reported the effects of the rate and inflection of oral reading performances on this class of intraverbals. In the present study the effects of four conditions; low reading rates (40 to 60 words per minute), with and without inflection, and high reading rates (150 to 200 words per minute), with and without inflection, were studied using six subjects. Two of the subjects were of high school age, reading below grade level, and four were typical third grade students, reading on grade level. The results indicated that the combination of high oral reading rate with inflection, a condition approximating conversational speech, increased both the accuracy and speed of intraverbal responding (comprehension), more than any other combination of variables. A second experiment was conducted which systematically replicated the findings across reading levels, reading passage content, settings, and subjects.
Cation Radical Accelerated Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution via Organic Photoredox Catalysis

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is a direct method for arene functionalization; however, it can be hampered by low reactivity of arene substrates and their availability. Herein we describe a cation radical-accelerated nucleophilic aromatic substitution using methoxy- and benzyloxy-groups as nucleofuges. In particular, lignin-derived aromatics containing guaiacol and veratrole motifs were competent substrates for functionalization. We also demonstrate an example of site-selective substitutive oxygenation with trifluoroethanol to afford the desired trifluoromethylaryl ether.
Importance of calibration/validation traceability for multi-sensor imaging spectrometry applications

Knowledge of calibration traceability is essential for ensuring the quality of data products relying on multiple sensors and especially true for imaging spectrometers. The current work discusses the expected impact that imaging spectrometers have in ensuring radiometric traceability for both multispectral and hyperspectral products. The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory Pathfinder mission is used to show the role that high-accuracy imaging spectrometers can play in understanding test sites used for vicarious calibration of sensors. The associated Solar, Lunar for Absolute Reflectance Imaging Spectroradiometer calibration demonstration system is used to illustrate recent advances in laboratory radiometric calibration approaches that will allow both the use of imaging spectrometers as calibration standards as well as to ensure the consistency of the multiple imaging spectrometers expected to be on orbit in the next decade.
OC-2-KB: A software pipeline to build an evidence-based obesity and cancer knowledge base

Obesity has been linked to several types of cancer. Access to adequate health information activates people's participation in managing their own health, which ultimately improves their health outcomes. Nevertheless, the existing online information about the relationship between obesity and cancer is heterogeneous and poorly organized. A formal knowledge representation can help better organize and deliver quality health information. Currently, there are several efforts in the biomedical domain to convert unstructured data to structured data and store them in Semantic Web knowledge bases (KB). In this demo paper, we present, OC-2-KB (Obesity and Cancer to Knowledge Base), a system that is tailored to guide the automatic KB construction for managing obesity and cancer knowledge from free-text scientific literature (i.e., PubMed abstracts) in a systematic way. OC-2-KB has two important modules which perform the acquisition of entities and the extraction then classification of relationships among these entities. We tested the OC-2-KB system on a data set with 23 manually annotated obesity and cancer PubMed abstracts and created a preliminary KB with 765 triples. We conducted a preliminary evaluation on this sample of triples and reported our evaluation results.
Streptococcus Agalactiae Infective Endocarditis in a Healthy Middle-aged Man: Uncommon but Life-threatening.

Streptococcus agalactiae (S.agalactiae) is known to cause invasive infections in pregnant women, newborns, and immunosuppressed patients. It is an uncommon but life-threatening case of infective endocarditis in middle-aged otherwise healthy adults. We present a case of a patient with life-threatening infective endocaritis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, who passed away despite medical treatment.
How Babies Think

The article presents a discussion of research which has been conducted by several researchers since the year 2000 on the ways that babies think. The research found that the cognitive abilities of babies and young children are far more extensive than psychologists and scientists had assumed prior to the year 2000. Researchers determined that babies learn in large measure by conducing experiments, analyzing their worlds and forming theories which can explain their observations of the world. They concluded that a long period of helplessness which is seen in babies may be related to the ways that their brains are constructed in preparation for extensive learning. INSETS: STATISTICIAN AT WORK;NATURAL EXPERIMENTERS.
The Spectrum Commons in Theory and Practice

The radio spectrum is a scarce resource that has been historically allocated through command-and-control regulation. Today, it is widely accepted that this type of allocation is as inefficient for spectrum as it would be for paper or land. Many commentators and scholars, most famously Ronald Coase, have advocated that a more efficient allocation would be achieved if government sold the rights to the spectrum and allowed a free market in radio property to develop. A new school of scholars, however, has begun to challenge the spectrum property model. While they agree with Coase that command-and-control spectrum management is highly inefficient, they instead propose to make spectrum a commons. They claim that new spectrum sharing technologies allow a virtually unlimited number of persons to use the same spectrum without causing each other interference and that this eliminates the need for either property rights in, or government control of, spectrum. This Article aims to show that, despite the rhetoric, the commons model that has been proposed in the legal literature is not an alternative to command-and-control regulation, but in fact shares many of the same inefficiencies of that system. In order for a commons to be viable, someone must control the resource and set orderly sharing rules to govern its use. If the government is the controller of a commons - as proponents of a spectrum commons suggest it should be - then in allocating and managing the commons the government will very likely employ its existing inefficient processes. Recently the FCC designated a 50 MHz block of spectrum in the 3650 MHz band as a commons. This Article looks at that proceeding and finds that in creating a commons, the government has not escaped the inefficiencies of command-and-control regulation.
Nanomedicine: Developing Nanotechnology for Applications in Medicine

In this presentation I will discuss the recent development of nanomedicine as an emerging field in the United States. In particular, I will give a brief summary of the US National Institute of Health (NIH) nanotechnology / nanomedicine centers established over the last few years, and present the bionanotechnologies being developed at the NIH nanomedicine centers at Georgia Tech and Emory University. The opportunities and challenges in developing nanomedince will be discussed.
Feasibility study of the SWITCH implementation process for enhancing school wellness.

There is a need to identify strategies that enhance the implementation of evidence-based school wellness intervention programs in real-world settings. The present study evaluates the feasibility of empowering school wellness leaders to deliver an evidence-based, childhood obesity-prevention program called Switch ™. We specifically evaluated the feasibility of a new implementation framework, based on the robust Healthy Youth Places framework, to increase capacity of school leaders to lead school wellness programming. The SWITCH (School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health) implementation process was evaluated in a convenience sample of eight Iowa elementary schools. Teams of three leaders from each school attended an in-person school wellness conference followed by five online webinar sessions delivered by two SWITCH team members. The capacity-building and quality improvement process was designed to empower schools to lead wellness change using methods and concepts from the original 16-week Switch ™ program. School wellness leaders completed checklists on two occasions to assess overall school-level implementation as well as setting-level changes in physical education, classrooms, and the lunchroom. Student acceptability of SWITCH was evaluated by the degree of behavior tracking using an online SWITCH Tracker system that promoted self-monitoring. School acceptability and practicality were assessed through an exit survey completed by school leaders. All school staff reported satisfaction with the SWITCH implementation process. Reports of school- and setting-level implementation were relatively high (2.0 to 2.8 on a 3-point scale) but student engagement, based on use of the online tracking system, varied greatly over time and across schools. Three high implementation schools had average tracking rates exceeding 70% (range: 72–90%) while three low implementation schools had rates lower than 30% (range = 0–23%). This feasibility study supports the utility of the new implementation framework for promoting school and student engagement with SWITCH. Further testing regarding effectiveness and scale-up of this evidence-based school wellness intervention program is warranted.
Noise-Induced Hypersensitization of the Acoustic Startle Response in Larval Zebrafish.

Overexposure to loud noise is known to lead to deficits in auditory sensitivity and perception. We studied the effects of noise exposure on sensorimotor behaviors of larval (5–7 days post-fertilization) zebrafish (Danio rerio), particularly the auditory-evoked startle response and hearing sensitivity to acoustic startle stimuli. We observed a temporary 10–15 dB decrease in startle response threshold after 18 h of flat-spectrum noise exposure at 20 dB re·1 ms−2. Larval zebrafish also exhibited decreased habituation to startle-inducing stimuli following noise exposure. The noise-induced sensitization was not due to changes in absolute hearing thresholds, but was specific to the auditory-evoked escape responses. The observed noise-induced sensitization was disrupted by AMPA receptor blockade using DNQX, but not NMDA receptor blockade. Together, these experiments suggest a complex effect of noise exposure on the neural circuits mediating auditory-evoked behaviors in larval zebrafish.
Model Theory, Differential Algebra, and Number Theory

The past few years have seen some new connections developing between model theory (a branch of mathematical logic) and both algebra and number theory. Part of the novelty, for the model theorists, is that this work depends on the techniques, machinery, and point of view of stability theory, whose use, up to now, has been largely, but not exclusively, confined to problems of pure model theory (such as classifying first order theories and their models).
The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, improves working memory and reduces circulating levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines in aged male mice

Abstract Age-related cognitive decline has been associated with proinflammatory cytokines, yet the precise relationship between cognitive decline and cytokine load remains to be elucidated. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist with established anti-inflammatory effects that is known to improve memory and increase lifespan. It is of interest to explore the potential of BCP to reduce age-related cognitive decline and proinflammatory cytokine load. In this study, we assessed changes in circulating cytokines across the lifespan, memory performance in young and aged mice, and the effects of BCP on memory function and cytokine load. The plasma levels of 12 cytokines were assessed in male Swiss-Webster mice at 3, 12, and 18 months of age using multiplexed flow cytometry. Working memory was compared in 3 and 12 month-old mice using spontaneous alternations. A dose-response function (100–300 mg/kg, subchronic administration) for BCP-induced memory restoration was determined in 3- and 12- month-old mice. Finally, the effects on cytokine levels of the peak memory enhancing dose of BCP were assessed in 18- month-old mice. Circulating levels of several cytokines significantly increased with age. Multilinear regression analysis showed that IL-23 levels were most strongly associated with age. Aged mice showed deficits in working memory and higher levels of IL-23, both of which were reversed by BCP treatment. BCP appears to reverse age-associated impairments in memory and modulates cytokine production. IL-23 may play a significant role in the aging process, and future research should determine whether it has utility as a biomarker for novel anti-aging therapeutics.
A pilot study evaluating cutting and high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty for dysplastic pulmonary valve stenosis in 7 dogs.

Abstract Introduction This case series describes early experience and technical aspects of cutting balloon dilation followed by high-pressure balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in dogs with dysplastic pulmonary valve stenosis. Animals Seven client-owned dogs were enrolled in this study. Methods Dogs were prospectively enrolled based on echocardiographic diagnosis of severe pulmonary valve dysplasia, defined as marked valve thickening with variable degrees of annular hypoplasia or subvalvar fibrous obstruction and a peak echocardiography-derived transpulmonary pressure gradient higher than 100 mmHg. Preinterventional and postinterventional hemodynamic data and transthoracic pressure gradients were obtained for all dogs. Recheck echocardiography varied in timing by client convenience, with maximum follow-up 35 months after intervention. Results No intraprocedural or periprocedural mortality was observed. The only major complication was partial avulsion of a cutting blade related to exceeding recommended burst pressure of the device, which was not associated with obvious clinical consequence. Invasive hemodynamic measurements demonstrated an average reduction of 46% in peak systolic right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery pressure gradient (range, 31–77%). The echocardiographic results 24 h after procedure demonstrated an average reduction in pressure gradient of 43% (range, 20–66%), with late follow-up demonstrating an average reduction of 35% (range, 10–57%) compared with preprocedural echocardiography. Conclusions This procedure is a feasible therapeutic transcatheter intervention for dogs with dysplastic pulmonary valves and appears safe in this small cohort. The ideal selection criteria and rate of restenosis for this procedure is under investigation, and long-term follow-up and a large, randomized, controlled study are necessary to demonstrate efficacy.
Deep Multilayer Brain Proteomics Identifies Molecular Networks in Alzheimer's Disease Progression

Alzheimer's disease (AD) displays a long asymptomatic stage before dementia. We characterize AD stage-associated molecular networks by profiling 14,513 proteins and 34,173 phosphosites in the human brain with mass spectrometry, highlighting 173 protein changes in 17 pathways. The altered proteins are validated in two independent cohorts, showing partial RNA dependency. Comparisons of brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid proteomes reveal biomarker candidates. Combining with 5xFAD mouse analysis, we determine 15 Aβ-correlated proteins (e.g., MDK, NTN1, SMOC1, SLIT2, and HTRA1). 5xFAD shows a proteomic signature similar to symptomatic AD but exhibits activation of autophagy and interferon response and lacks human-specific deleterious events, such as downregulation of neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins. Multi-omics integration prioritizes AD-related molecules and pathways, including amyloid cascade, inflammation, complement, WNT signaling, TGF-β and BMP signaling, lipid metabolism, iron homeostasis, and membrane transport. Some Aβ-correlated proteins are colocalized with amyloid plaques. Thus, the multilayer omics approach identifies protein networks during AD progression.
Scoping Review: Valid and Reliable Health Literacy Assessment Tools Used in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the importance of health literacy (HL) in health outcomes, most HL assessment tools are developed and used in first world, English speaking countries, and their applicability in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unclear. The purpose of this review is to examine valid and reliable tools used to assess HL among people in LMICs. METHODS A literature search of three databases was conducted with 20 final articles. RESULTS Current HL assessment tools used in LMICs rely on participant's literacy and focus on measuring people's functional HL rather than reflecting the evolving definitions of HL. CONCLUSIONS More research needs to be conducted to better understand how people with limited literacy acquire and apply HL, and HL assessment tools need to assess various aspects of HL beyond one's functional HL.
Impacts of temperature on Zika virus transmission potential: combining empirical and mechanistic modeling approaches

Diseases like Zika, dengue, and chikungunya, which were once considered tropical and sub-tropical diseases, are now threatening temperate regions of the world due to climate change, globalization, and increasing urbanization. Temperature is a strong driver of vector-borne disease transmission, and characterizing the thermal range and optimum for transmission is essential to accurately predicting arbovirus emergence and spread. To advance our fundamental scientific understanding of the relationship between temperature and key pathogen traits for emerging arboviruses, we conducted a series of experiments to estimate the thermal performance of Zika virus (ZIKV) in field-derived Aedes aegypti across eight constant temperatures. We observed strong, unimodal effects of temperature on vector competence, extrinsic incubation period, and mosquito survival. We used thermal responses of these traits to update an existing temperature-dependent R0 (the basic reproductive number) model, to infer how temperature impacts ZIKV transmission. We demonstrated that ZIKV transmission is optimized at a mean temperature of approximately 29°C, and has a thermal range of 22.7°C to 34.7°C. The predicted thermal minimum for Zika transmission is 5°C warmer than for dengue virus which suggests that current estimates on the global environmental suitability for Zika transmission are over-predicting its possible range. Accurately characterizing the unimodal effect of temperature on emerging arboviruses, like ZIKV, is critical for estimating the potential geographic and seasonal range for transmission, and accurately predicting where future climate change will increase, decrease, or have minimal impact on transmission.
Plant zygote development: recent insights and applications to clonal seeds

In flowering plants, haploid gametes - an egg cell and a sperm cell fuse to form the first diploid cell - the zygote. The zygote is the progenitor stem cell that gives rise to all the embryonic and post embryonic tissues and organs. Unlike animals, both maternal and paternal gene products participate in the initial development of zygotes in plants. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding of the zygotic transition and embryo initiation in angiosperms, including the role of parental contributions to gene expression in the zygote. We further discuss utilization of this knowledge in agricultural biotechnology through synthetic apomixis. Parthenogenesis obtained by manipulation of embryogenic factors, combined with mutations that bypass meiosis, enables clonal propagation of hybrid crops through seeds.
xCT-Driven Expression of GPX4 Determines Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Ferroptosis Inducers.

Inducers of ferroptosis such as the glutathione depleting agent Erastin and the GPX4 inhibitor Rsl-3 are being actively explored as potential therapeutics in various cancers, but the factors that determine their sensitivity are poorly understood. Here, we show that expression levels of both subunits of the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT determine the expression of GPX4 in breast cancer, and that upregulation of the xCT/selenocysteine biosynthesis/GPX4 production axis paradoxically renders the cancer cells more sensitive to certain types of ferroptotic stimuli. We find that GPX4 is strongly upregulated in a subset of breast cancer tissues compared to matched normal samples, and that this is tightly correlated with the increased expression of the xCT subunits SLC7A11 and SLC3A2. Erastin depletes levels of the antioxidant selenoproteins GPX4 and GPX1 in breast cancer cells by inhibiting xCT-dependent extracellular reduction which is required for selenium uptake and selenocysteine biosynthesis. Unexpectedly, while breast cancer cells are resistant compared to nontransformed cells against oxidative stress inducing drugs, at the same time they are hypersensitive to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis induced by Erastin or Rsl-3, indicating that they are ‘addicted’ to the xCT/GPX4 axis. Our findings provide a strategic basis for targeting the anti-ferroptotic machinery of breast cancer cells depending on their xCT status, which can be further explored.
Rewriting the World Colonialism Made

Review of Dionne Brand, An Autobiography of the Autobiography of Reading. CLC Kreisel Lecture Series, University of Alberta Press, 2020. 52 pages.
Optical and electrical characterizations of micro-LEDs grown on lower defect density epitaxial layers

We have fabricated μLEDs of mesa sizes 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 μm2 on native (20 21¯) semipolar substrates and on epitaxial lateral overgrown (ELO) wings of the (20 21¯) substrate. The ELO μLEDs exhibited very low leakage current (less than 10−10 A) under forward bias (V < 2 V) and at reverse bias voltages, which was a reduction in several orders of magnitude when compared with planar μLEDs under the same fabrication and sidewall passivation scheme. Electrical characterization revealed that the mesa sidewall is less damaged in plasma dry etching in the ELO μLEDs due to a lower material defect density than the planar μLEDs. Moreover, the ELO μLEDs showed improved optical performance over the planar μLEDs.
A unique case of sarcoidosis with coexistent collagen vascular disease: Possible result of a compatible disease-sustaining immunologic environment

A patient presented with dysphagia, arthralgias, and a peculiar skin eruption characterized by histopathologic features of sarcoidal granulomas and lupus erythematosus occurring in the same lesion. Sarcoidal granulomas were also found in skeletal muscle. The unique histopathologic features of this case suggest that coexistence of sarcoidosis with autoirnmune collagen vascular diseases may be more than coincidence. A review of the immunologic status of patients with sarcoidosis and autoimmune collagen vascular disorders is presented with speculations on the relevance of potential disease-sustaining immunologic patterns of both groups of diseases.
Directional signal separation by adaptive arrays with a root-tracking algorithm

In this paper we introduce a new adaptive array able to separate superimposed directional signals without requiring any a priori information. The new adaptive array combines beating estimation and adaptive array processing. The suggested adaptive array utilizes a root-tracking algorithm that is based on Pisarenko's harmonic retrieval method which can handle correlated array input signals.
Using multidimensional projection to find relations

Abstract When shortage of domain knowledge prevents us from chosing good attributes to represent the examples, learning is difficult. Expressing the target concept using only primitive (low-level) attributes may be complex, and the individual contribution of each attribute to the target's definition becomes insignificant. This aggravates attribute interaction (a situation in which complex relationships among attributes appear in the target concept). Then the learner needs to find relations and use them to help learning. This paper purports the relational operator projection as a useful tool to find relations. We describe MRP, a learning algorithm based on multidimensional relational projection, and compare it empirically to other learning systems. In spite of its simple search strategy, MRP performs well on synthetic concepts and real-world data. This advantage is attributed to the projection operator achieving the required functionality: finding relations.