cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MENTAL AND SEIZURE MANIFESTATIONS IN RELATION TO BRAIN TUMORS. A STATISTICAL STUDY.

SUMMARY Three hundred and twenty-six supratentorial tumors excluding metastatic lesions have been studied statistically to discover interrelationships between different variables: patients' mental changes, seizures, increased intracranial pressure, tumor type, broad and fine location. Glioblastomas multiformes are more commonly associated with mental changes and less with seizures than astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and meningiomas. Strategic location of the tumor also plays an important role. Close to 50% of brain tumors produce seizures and mental aberrations. Increased intracranial pressure per se is not significantly related to the latter; but it is related to seizure phenomenon only in some locations. Deep midline and paramidline tumors as a group produce seizures much less than tumors in the hemisphere with or without deep extension. About one-fourth and one-third of temporal lobe tumors have temporal lobe seizures or no seizures respectively. One-eighth of parietal and parieto-occipital tumors and about half of frontal tumors excluding motor-parietal areas produce grand mal seizures. Individual exceptions need to be considered, also, 46 non-significant relationships out of 71 relationships investigated. RESUME Trois cent vingt-six tumeurs supratentorielles, parmi lesquelles des lesions metastasiques etaient exclues, ont fait l'objet d'etudes statistiques envisageant le but de decouvrir des relations mutuelles entre les differentes variables: changements mentaux des malades, crises, pression intracrânienne augmentee, type de tumeur, localisation globale et precise. Des glioblastomes multiformes sont plus souvent associes a des changements mentaux et en moindre mesure avec des crises que des astrocytomes, oligodendrogliomes et meningiomes. La localisation de la tumeur joue aussiun role important. Pres de 50 % des tumeurs cerebrales provoquent des crises et des aberrations mentales. Une augmentation de la pression intracrânienne n'est pas en relation, de facon significative, avec ces derniers cas; mais elle est a rapporter au phenomene crise dans certaines localisations. Le groupe des tumeurs medianes et paramedianes produit bien moins de crises que des tumeurs dans l'hemisphere avec ou sans extension en profondeur. A peu pres un quart et un tiers des tumeurs du lobe temporal ont des crises du lobe temporal ou, respectivement, pas de crises. Un huitieme des tumeurs parietales et parieto-occipitales et la moitie environ des tumeurs frontales a l'exclusion de l'ere moto-parietale provoque des crises de grand mal. Des exceptions individuelles sont a considerer et, de meme, 46 relations non significatives parmi les 71 relations qui ont eteetudiees.
Mercury levels in Georgia otter, mink and freshwater fish.

The data reported here indicate that the presence of mercury in fish of relatively unpolluted Lower Coastal Plain streams results in accumulation of mercury by otter and mink which feed on these fish. Otter exhibit hair mercury levels which approach those at which symptoms of neurological disorders have been reported in humans suffering from mercurial poisoning (BIRKEet al. 1972). Subtle effects on behavior resulting from sublethal mercurialism could affect the reproduction and survival of certain populations of otter or mink. Possible sublethal effects of environmental mercury or other pollutants at trace levels on native animal populations deserve further study, since such information would be useful in formulating sound policies regarding discharge of pollutants under varying circumstances. Additional investigation is needed to determine the relative contributions of natural and man-caused mercury inputs to mercury levels observed in native wildlife species.
The master field in generalised QCD2

Abstract As an illustration of the formalism of the master field we consider generalised QCD 2 . We show how Wilson loop averages for an arbitrary contour can be computed explicitly and with some ease. A generalised Hopf equation is shown to govern the behaviour of the eigenvalue density of Wilson loops. The collective field description of the theory is therefore deduced. Finally, the non-trivial master gauge field and field strengths are obtained. These results do not seem easily accessible with conventional means.
Effects of several inhibitors on pure cultures of ruminal methanogens.

Aims: To examine the effects of five inhibitors of methanogenesis, 2-bromoethanesulphonate (BES), 3-bromopropanesulphonate (BPS), lumazine, propynoic acid and ethyl 2-butynoate, on CH4 production of the ruminal methanogens Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanosarcina mazei and Methanomicrobium mobile. Methods and Results: Methanogens were grown in MS medium including 25% (v/v) clarified ruminal fluid. Methane production was measured after 4 and 6 days of incubation. Methanobrevibacter ruminantium was the most sensitive species to BES, propynoic acid and ethyl 2-butynoate. Methanosarcina mazei was the least sensitive species to those chemical additives, and Mm. mobile was intermediate. BPS failed to inhibit any of the methanogens. All three species were almost completely inhibited by 50- and 100%-lumazine saturated media, but the inhibition was somewhat lower with a 25%-lumazine saturated media. Conclusions: There were important differences among species of methanogens regarding their sensitivity to the different inhibitors. In general, Ms. mazei was the most resistant to inhibitors, Mb. ruminantium the least resistant, and Mm. mobile was intermediate. Significance and Impact of the Study: Differences among methanogens regarding their resistance to chemical inhibitors should be considered when designing strategies of inhibition of ruminal methanogenesis, as selection of resistant species may result.
Dendritic Morphology and Its Effects on the Amplitude and Rise-Time of Synaptic Signals in Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Cells

Detailed anatomical analysis and compartmental modeling techniques were used to study the impact of CA3b pyramidal cell dendritic morphology and hippocampal anatomy on the amplitude and time course of dendritic synaptic signals. We have used computer-aided tracing methods to obtain accurate three-dimensional representations of 8 CA3b pyramidal cells. The average total dendritic length was 6,332 +/- 1,029 microns and 5,062 +/- 1,397 microns for the apical and basilar arbors, respectively. These cells also exhibited a rough symmetry in their maximal transverse and septotemporal extents (311 +/- 84 microns and 269 +/- 106 microns). From the calculated volume of influence (the volume of the neuropil from which the dendritic structures can receive input), it was found that these cells show a limited symmetry between their proximal apical and basilar dendrites (2.1 +/- 1.2 x 10(6) microns 3 and 3.5 +/- 1.1 x 10(6) microns 3, respectively). Based upon these data, we propose that the geometry of these cells can be approximated by a combination of two cones for the apical arbor and a single cone for the basilar arbor. The reconstructed cells were used to build compartmental models and investigate the extent to which the cellular anatomy determines the efficiency with which dendritic synaptic signals are transferred to the soma. We found that slow, long lasting signals show only approximately a 50% attenuation when they occur in the most distal apical dendrites. However, synaptic transients similar to those seen in fast glutamatergic transmission are transferred much less efficiently, showing up to a 95% attenuation. The relationship between the distance along the dendrites and the observed attenuation for a transient is described simply by single exponential functions with parameters of 195 and 147 microns for the apical and basilar arbors respectively. In contrast, there is no simple relation that describes how a transient is attenuated with respect to these cells' stratified inputs. This lack of a simple relationship arises from the radial orientation of the proximal apical and basilar dendrites. When combined, the anatomical and modeling data suggest that a CA3b cell can be approximated in three dimensions as the combination of three cones. The amplitude and time-course for a synaptic transient can then be predicted using two simple equations.
Clinical, Surgical, and Pathologic Correlation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Pump Failure

A review was made of the entire hospital course of 20 patients aged 44 to 79 years who suddenly developed clinically intractable left-heart pump failure as a result of acute myocardial infarction. They were divided into three groups according to their presenting circulatory state. Thirteen patients were in cardiac arrest (group I), four had cardiogenic shock due to myocardial rupture (group II), and three had severe intractable left-heart failure (group III). Preoperative partial or complete cardiac catheterization was possible in six patients. Surgical treatment using cardiopulmonary bypass was selectively undertaken as a mode of therapy in 11 of the 20 cases. In 10, the area of infarction was delineated and was resected. Pathologically, the infarcts were from 1 to 14 days old, and in 19 of 20 cases involved the anterior wall. The specimens weighed 25 to 83 g. One patient, who was discharged, had infarctectomy and double coronary vein bypass graft. One patient lived for 3 weeks after infarctectomy and pu...
Refractory Sweet's syndrome successfully treated with rituximab

Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by an abrupt onset of painful erythematous cutaneous lesions that have a neutrophilic infiltrate typically located in the papillary dermis. Fever and an elevated neutrophil count can accompany the cutaneous manifestations. Systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, although steroid-sparing agents are frequently coadministered or substituted. We report a case of a white man in his 60s who had a 5-year history of SS refractory to various conventional treatments. Rituximab, a potent B-cell–depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, was initiated and resulted in a dramatic improvement.
Optical sectioning characteristics of the heterodyne interferometer.

(1989). Optical Sectioning Characteristics of the Heterodyne Interferometer. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 108, No. sup467, pp. 61-67.
Diplopia in a patient with carcinomatous meningitis: a case report and review of the literature.

Abstract In a patient with a history of malignancy, an isolated neurologic sign or symptom may indicate metastasis to the central nervous system. To exclude this possibility, a lumbar puncture should still be performed after a nondiagnostic cranial computed tomography (CT) scan even in the absence of signs of infection. A case is presented of a 59 year-old man recently diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with the sole complaint of diplopia. Examination was unremarkable except for a left abducens nerve palsy. Cranial CT scan was normal but initial cerebrospinal fluid results were suggestive of carcinomatous meningitis, and cytology results later confirmed this diagnosis. A review of diplopia and carcinomatous meningitis is presented, along with a suggested conservative diagnostic algorithm for cancer patients presenting with neurologic signs or symptoms.
The holifield heavy ion research facility

The Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility has been in routine operation since July 1982. Beams have been provided using both the tandem accelerator alone and a coupled mode in which the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron is used as an energy booster for tandem beams. The coupled mode has proved to be especially effective and has allowed us to provide a wide range of energetic beams for scheduled experiments. In this report we discuss our operational experience and recent development activities.
Multidimensional assessment of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems of low-income preschool children: development and initial validation

The Adjustment Scales for Preschool Intervention (ASPI) was developed and tested for use in preschool programs serving low-income children. The ASPI is a measure of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems observed within routine classroom situations. Principal components analyses revealed five reliable behavioral dimensions: Aggressive, Withdrawn-Low Energy, Socially Reticent, Oppositional, and Inattentive/Hyperactive and two higher-order dimensions: Overactive and Underactive problem behaviors. Concurrent criterion validity of these dimensions was supported by multivariate indicators of peer social competence and classroom behavior problems. Age and gender analyses indicated that boys showed higher levels of overactive behavior than girls and that younger preschool children evidenced more underactive and inattentive behavior than older preschool children. Situational analyses indicated that situations requiring more initiation and self-regulation were associated with more problematic behaviors.
Predictions of evaporative loss rates of solutes in stagnant and turbulent waters in relation to rates of reference materials

Abstract A previously published kinetic model for evaporative rates of substances into air leads to the estimation of the dependence of solute transfer coefficients on turbulence to the system. The ratios of the transfer coefficients of all solutes become insensitive to air turbulence and to water mixing either when they have comparable Henry's law constants or when their Henry's law constants are sufficiently low, but not otherwise. Confirming data are presented and methods for simplifying the estimation of transfer coefficients are discussed.
Effect of interferogram smearing on atmospheric limb sounding by Fourier transform spectroscopy

A method is presented for analyzing an absorption spectrum obtained from the interferogram measured by an interferometer operated in the solar occultation mode. In this mode the complete interferogram is smeared with various components of individual interferograms generated by rays passing through different tangent altitudes. It is shown that the effective tangent altitude of the spectrum is the altitude at which the center fringe of the interferogram is recorded and that the other components of the interferogram only define the instrument line shape. The interferogram smearing effectively creates strong sidelobes on absorption lines so that a strong apodization on the interferogram is recommended for the solar occultation experiment. These concepts are applied to retrieve pressure and temperature simultaneously from stratospheric absorption spectra in the CO(2) 4.3-microm band obtained by a balloon-borne interferometer in 1976 over Palestine, Tex. Included in the analysis of the CO(2) 4.3-microm band are the continuum absorptions by the pressure-induced N(2) fundamental band and by far wings of the CO(2) v(3) band. The CO(2) absorption line is corrected by a sub-Lorentzian function. Excellent agreement is found between the observed and simulated spectra.
The microtubule cytoskeleton and the development of neuronal polarity.

Abstract The concept that axons and dendrites represent a fundamental polarization of the nerve cell has been borne out by numerous morphological, functional, and molecular studies. How does polarity arise during development? We and others have focused on the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton because microtubules (a) are essential components of axons and dendrites; (b) possess an inherent polarity at the molecular level; (c) are regulated by interactions with microtubule associated proteins (MAPS), some of which have polarized distributions in mature neurons. Here we review data on the initial acquisition of polarity as observed in neuronal culture and roles for microtubules and MAPs in this morphogenetic event. We present data clarifying some previously conflicting results on tau localization during the establishment of polarity and provide new evidence that phosphorylation of tau is spatially regulated during the development of polarity in culture. Elucidation of mechanisms locally regulating tau phosphorylation during normal neuronal development may provide clues to the significance of its abnormal phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease.
Some recent developments in charged particle and gamma ray detectors

Significant developments have occurred over the past several years in radiation detectors available for use in accelerator-based experiments. Several are reviewed here, including trends in the application of newer inorganic scintillation materials, the use of photodiodes as substitutes for photomultiplier tubes in scintillation detectors, the availability of passivated planar silicon detectors, and entirely new cryogenic detectors based on pulse mode bolometry of single radiation quanta.
Examining user interactions with video retrieval systems

The Informedia group at Carnegie Mellon University has since 1994 been developing and evaluating surrogates, summary interfaces, and visualizations for accessing digital video collections containing thousands of documents, millions of shots, and terabytes of data. This paper reports on TRECVID 2005 and 2006 interactive search tasks conducted with the Informedia system by users having no knowledge of Informedia or other video retrieval interfaces, but being experts in analyst activities. Think-aloud protocols, questionnaires, and interviews were also conducted with this user group to assess the contributions of various video summarization and browsing techniques with respect to broadcast news test corpora. Lessons learned from these user interactions are reported, with recommendations on both interface improvements for video retrieval systems and enhancing the ecological validity of video retrieval interface evaluations.
Institutional Life, Drinking, and Disaffiliation

The “institutional” setting is a social context that provides the basic necessities of life and a well-ordered routine but places few demands on the individual apart from specific occupational assignments. Life histories of two samples of skid-row men and a control sample of lower-class metropolitan males were examined in an assessment of the role of institutional living in the etiology of skid-row residence, disaffiliation, and heavy drinking. Usually institutional life is only a phase, or series of phases, in a history marked by a variety of work settings. Findings suggest that institutional living is related to heavy drinking and to residence on skid row. However, men with long histories of institutional life are not more disaffiliated than other men.
A family of implicit Chebyshev methods for the numerical integration of second- order differential equations

Abstract A family of implicit methods based on intra-step Chebyshev interpolation is developed for the solution of initial-value problems whose differential equations are of the special second-order form y ″ = f ( y ( x ); x ). The general procedure allows stepsizes which are considerably larger than commonly used in conventional methods. Computation overhead is comparable to that required by high-order single or multistep procedures. In addition, the iterative nature of the method substantially reduces local errors while maintaining a low rate of global error growth.
Creativity Defined: Implicit Theories in the Professions of Interior Design, Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Engineering

The purpose of this study was to examine implicit theories of creativity in related fields through a mail survey of 3 1 3 professors randomly selected from accredited programs in interior design, architecture, landscape architecture, and engineering. To describe a highly creative practitioner in their respective fields, the respondents completed the Gough Adjective Check List (ACL), scored with the Domino creativity scale (Cr). The interior design professors generated a profile of the creative practitioner that obtained a significantly higher mean score than did the architecture or engineering groups on the ACL-Cr scale. No other significant differences on the creativity scale appeared between groups. Exploratory analyses of individual ACL-Cr items found considerable agreement as to what constituted creativeness in implicit theories. At least 75 percent of the respondents in each group described the creative practitioner in their respective fields as imaginative, inventive, and adventurous. Disciplinary differences among groups surfaced in 21 traits on the ACL-Cr scale that were statistically significant in areas of artistic creativity, scientific creativity, intelligence, self-confidence, and task orientation. Further, the creative interior design practitioner was perceived as significantly more individualistic and original than in the other three fields, and sixteen other traits significantly differentiated interior design profiles from those posited in architecture, landscape architecture, or engineering. By promoting a scholarship of integration, findings reveal perceived traits of the creative practitioner in allied fields and advance interdisciplinary understanding. Design educators are encouraged to reflect on their own implicit theories of creativity and those of their students to acknowledge underlying assumptions about creativity that can influence innovation and collaboration.
Mild-Mannered Pragmatism and Religious Truth

ELSEWHERE I HAVE DEFENDED a position I call mild-mannered pragmatism-a position which, by the way, I distinguish from Richard Rorty's occasional ill-mannered pragmatism (Cladis:1991). Essentially, with the help of Emile Durkheim and Nelson Goodman, I argued that there are ways that we can remain committed to some good and sensible things found in both realism and relativism. I now want to address the question: What position would a mild-mannered theological pragmatist hold on the epistemic status of religious belief?' My initial answer to this question can be put quite succinctly. There is nothing special to be said about the epistemic status of religious belief. A reasonable person is someone who, among other things, desires to justify her beliefs when confronted with sensible doubts or questions. She will ask herself, "Am I justified to hold this belief?." Under these conditions of genuine doubt, religious beliefs should be treated no differently than scientific or aesthetic or moral beliefs. We can imagine in the reasonable person assembling a variety of ad hoc arguments to justify the belief in question; and, in general, the better the justification, the more likely the belief in question will be deemed true (though history-and spouses-prove time and again that a justified belief can, in fact, turn out to be false, even as a hitherto unjustified belief can be discovered to be true).
Vertical gradient freeze growth of gallium arsenide and naphthalene: Theory and practice

Abstract Gallium arsenide and naphthalene single crystals were produced by programming down furnaces constructed such that the temperature increased with height. In naphthalene, grain selection was enhanced by producing a convex interface shape. Both experiments and theory showed that the interface shape depended on the furnace temperature gradient, the cooling rate, additional cooling of the ampoule bottom, tapering of the crucible, the dimensions of the crucible, and the heat transfer coefficient between crucible and furnace.
The archaeology of complex hunter-gatherers

Archaeologists' reconstructions of paths to complexity have all too often excluded complex hunter-gatherers. However, recent theoretical contributions and long-term field research programs in several regions of the world have now significantly advanced our understanding of complex hunter-gatherers. A discussion of definitions of complexity and a review of current models of the emergence of complexity provide a framework for analyses of complex hunter-gatherers and important cultural phenomena such as sedentism, political integration, prestige economies, feasting, and ideology.
Instructors' Perceptions of Teaching Behaviors, Communication Apprehension, and Student Nonverbal Responsiveness in the Classroom

This study explored the relationships between instructors' views of their own nonverbal immediacy, confirmation, and caring behaviors, as well as their trait communication apprehension (CA), with their perceptions of their students' nonverbal responsiveness. Results indicated significant, positive relationships among instructors' perceptions of their nonverbal immediacy, confirmation, caring, and perceived student nonverbal responsiveness in the classroom. In addition, a negative relationship was found between instructors' perceptions of their CA and perceived student nonverbal responsiveness.
Note on the magnetic susceptibility of dilute Cu-Mn alloys

Synopsis On the basis of a simple model, the following features of the susceptibility of dilute copper-manganese alloys are discussed: o a) The concentration dependence of the effective Curie temperature in the high temperature region; b) The occurrence of a “gradual” antiferromagnetic transition at low temperatures; c) The concentration dependence of the position and shape of the antiferromagnetic transition.
1979 joint DEC and microprocessor users group report

A summary is provided of the format and results of a meeting involving users of microprocessors and of Digital Equipment Corporation computers.
A closer look at the bacteriology of nitrification

The mineralizing ability of nitrifying bacteria is well known among aquaculturists, but the underlying bacteriology is abstruse. The proceeding literature review details sources of nitrogenous fish waste and peculiarities of the Nitrobacteraceae family, including survival mechanisms, frailties, and intrinsic kinetics. Fundamental catabolic and anabolic reactions are elucidated, as is the implication of reducing power allotment for respiratory efficiency. Attention is paid to the paramount role of nitrifiers in biofiltration and recommendations are made for future recirculating aquaculture research.
General Derivation of Bäcklund Transformations from Inverse Scattering Problems

A general way is demonstrated to derive B\"acklund transformations for nonlinear partial differential equations that are solvable by the inverse scattering method in the scheme of Ablowitz, Kaup, Newell, and Segur.
Cultural Competence, Justice, and Supervision: Sexual Assault Against Native Women

Native women in the United States have the highest incidence of sexual assault, and Alaska Native women may have the highest incidence of sexual assault of any women in the United States. Few mental health or legal supports or remedies exist for them, in spite of their grave need. Few therapists are trained to work with Native American women. This article outlines the plight of Native women with regard to sexual assault and abuse and provides an overview of the sensitivity and knowledge that social workers and other mental health workers should have when working with Native American women.
National Guard Service Members Returning Home After Deployment: The Case for Increased Community Support

National Guard service members and their families face unique circumstances that distinguish them from other branches of the military. In this article, we highlight unique National Guard needs and argue that more can be done by policy makers to help this population. We present the findings from a representative survey of Michigan citizens showing that public support exists for increased assistance for these service members. Using the multiple streams framework, we propose that policy makers currently have the opportunity to facilitate increased support for National Guard members and families. Specifically we suggest policy implications that feature the important role of state and local resources.
Motor modulation of afferent somatosensory circuits.

In sedated and whisking rats, the authors show that motor cortex activity enhances sensory processing through a cortico-cortico-thalamic feedback circuit. In whisking rats, however, inhibitory brainstem input to the thalamus was also enhanced, leading to a net suppression of thalamic sensory responses. A prominent feature of thalamocortical circuitry in sensory systems is the extensive and highly organized feedback projection from the cortex to the thalamic neurons that provide stimulus-specific input to the cortex. In lightly sedated rats, we found that focal enhancement of motor cortex activity facilitated sensory-evoked responses of topographically aligned neurons in primary somatosensory cortex, including antidromically identified corticothalamic cells; similar effects were observed in ventral posterior medial thalamus (VPm). In behaving rats, thalamic responses were normally smaller during whisking but larger when signal transmission in brainstem trigeminal nuclei was bypassed or altered. During voluntary movement, sensory activity may be globally suppressed in the brainstem, whereas signaling by cortically facilitated VPm neurons is simultaneously enhanced relative to other VPm neurons receiving no such facilitation.
A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of Mycoplasma genitalium, iPS189.

With a genome size of ∼580 kb and approximately 480 protein coding regions, Mycoplasma genitalium is one of the smallest known self-replicating organisms and, additionally, has extremely fastidious nutrient requirements. The reduced genomic content of M. genitalium has led researchers to suggest that the molecular assembly contained in this organism may be a close approximation to the minimal set of genes required for bacterial growth. Here, we introduce a systematic approach for the construction and curation of a genome-scale in silico metabolic model for M. genitalium. Key challenges included estimation of biomass composition, handling of enzymes with broad specificities, and the lack of a defined medium. Computational tools were subsequently employed to identify and resolve connectivity gaps in the model as well as growth prediction inconsistencies with gene essentiality experimental data. The curated model, M. genitalium iPS189 (262 reactions, 274 metabolites), is 87% accurate in recapitulating in vivo gene essentiality results for M. genitalium. Approaches and tools described herein provide a roadmap for the automated construction of in silico metabolic models of other organisms.
The Effects of Isosexual Rearing on Adult Sexual Behavior in Captive Male Rhesus Macaques

The sexual competence of males reared only with other males (isosexually reared) was compared to the sexual competence of males reared in mixedsex peer groups (heterosexually reared). All subjects were pair-tested with the same 11 females. Isosexually reared males tended to be less sexually active than heterosexually reared males, but the differences were not pronounced. Heterosexually reared males took less time to ejaculate than isosexually reared males, but their ejaculatory frequencies were comparable. Among one peer group of isosexually reared males, their level of sexual competence conformed with their dominance ranks when immature. These results suggest that growing up with female peers is not a prerequisite for the expression of adult sexual behavior among male rhesus macaques and that adult male sexual behavior may be influenced by relative dominance status when immature.
Effect of sodium bisulfite and rutin on action of epinephrine; the "bisulfite phenomenon" in man.

Summary and ConclusionsThe subcutaneous injection of epinephrine solution containing sodium bisulfite as an antioxidant produced a more rapid and higher rise in systolic blood pressure than did the same amount of epinephrine in a solution containing sodium hypophosphite as a preservative. Small doses of rutin given intravenously immediately before the epinephrine did not significantly alter the “bnisulfite effect” nor did the rutin influence the effect of epinephrine.
Angiogenesis mediated by soluble forms of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

Endothelial adhesion molecules facilitate the entry of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. This in turn promotes neovascularization, a process central to the progression of rheumatoid arthritis, tumor growth and wound repair. Here we test the hypothesis that soluble endothelial adhesion molecules promote angiogenesis. Human recombinant soluble E-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induced chemotaxis of human endothelial cells in vitro and were angiogenic in rat cornea. Soluble E-selectin acted on endothelial cells in part through a sialyl Lewis-X-dependent mechanism, while soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 acted on endothelial cells in part through a very late antigen (VLA)-4 dependent mechanism. The chemotactic activity of rheumatoid synovial fluid for endothelial cells, and also its angiogenic activity, were blocked by antibodies to either soluble E-selectin or soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. These results suggest a novel function for soluble endothelial adhesion molecules as mediators of angiogenesis.
The Chicago Reform School Band: 1862-1872:

The purpose of this study was to document the history of the band founded at the Chicago Reform School (CRS) circa 1862. Research questions focused on the ensemble's (1) origin and time frame, (2) service to the school and community, (3) instructors, (4) instrumentation, (5) performances, (6) funding, and (7) influence on other school bands. The Chicago Reform School was established in 1855 to provide a home and education for juvenile offenders. In addition to their academic study and vocational training, several students participated in a band that was organized around 1862 and modeled after military bands of the time. By 1866, this ensemble consisted of a fife and drum corps and a brass band that were funded by performances given throughout the city. Alfred D. Langan was the first known director, followed by Thomas P. Westendorf and Hugh Goodwin. Instrumental music continued at the CRS until around 1872, when the institution was closed due to legal issues and the partial destruction of its facilities by...
Constitutional interstitial deletion of 11p11 and pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in a patient with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome and hepatoblastoma

Abstract A constitutional interstitial deletion on the short arm of chromosome #11 and an inversion of the heterochromatin of chromosome #9 were detected in'a 1.5-year-old boy with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome (WBS) and hepatoblastoma. Of 37 malignant and nine benign neoplasms reported in approximately 250 cases with complete and incomplete forms of WBS, this is the fourth patient with hepatoblastoma. To date, 28 cases of WBS have been cytogenetically investigated with banding techniques. Constitutional anomalies have been found in only nine cases: Various anomalies resulting in a common triplication of the 11p15 region in six cases, reciprocal translocations t(11;22) and t(X;1) and an inversion of chromosome #2 in the three remaining cases. Triplication 11p15 was only present in one of four cases with a tumor. The breakpoints of the unique del(11)(p11.1p11.2) present in our case are proximal to those of del(11p13–11p14) and dup(11p15) observed thus far in both the aniridia-Wilms' tumor association and in WBS. Inversion of chromosome #9—one of the heterochromatin variants associated with elevated chromosomal instability, increased congenital abnormalities, and cancer proneness—may have been causally connected with a genetic imbalance resulting in the de novo deletion of 11p11. Therefore, we suggest that in these high-risk groups, C-banding studies should be performed together with high resolution chromosome analysis in order to also reveal the incidence and significance of C-band variants in individuals with such cancer prone syndromes.
The roles of bryozoans in modern coral reefs

Contrary to impressions gained from the literature, collecting in the living reefs of Bermuda, Eniwetok, and Eleuthera implies that bryozoans are common and diversified in at least some modern coral reefs.
Pseudopotential valence charge densities in homopolar and heteropolar semiconductors

Recent x-ray data on InSb allows an assessment of the valence charge density provided by pseudopotential calculations. These calculations based upon detailed information on the valence-band electronic density of states, as expected, yield significantly improved structure factors as compared to pseudopotential calculations based solely on reflectivity data.
Social Cohesion Effects on Spatial Cohesion

A systems analysis of groups implies that strengthening the social bonds among group members should increase their spatial cohesion, that is, moving to avoid an invasion of the group's space. Male and female subjects (N = 48) received false information that a female confederate had very similar or dissimilar opinions. Afterward, subjects walking down a hallway with the confederate had to respond to a potential invasion of the dyad. Male subjects showed more protection of the group space in similar than in dissimilar conditions, but females showed uniformly high spatial cohesion. These results are interpreted as supporting the systems analysis.
Importance of differential diagnosis in acute vaginitis.

Acute vaginitis is one of the most common diseases seen in the practice of office gynecology. Large survey studies of women with lower genital tract symptoms suggestive of vaginitis have demonstrated the presence of three major etiologic categories in acute vaginitis: (1) nonspecific vaginosis ( Gardnerella vaginalis ), (2) vulvovaginal candidiasis ( Candida albicans ), and (3) trichomoniasis ( Trichomonas vaginalis ). Effective treatment of acute vaginitis requires that an accurate diagnosis be established and etiologic microorganism(s) be identified. In general, the differential diagnosis of acute vaginitis does not rely on elaborate technology but, rather, requires inexpensive and readily available office equipment and supplies, a detailed history, and an adequate examination of the external genitalia, vagina, and cervix. Only after the etiology of vaginitis has been identified can appropriate therapeutic intervention(s) be utilized.
Respirator Cartridge Evaluation for Isocyanate Containing Imron® and Centari® Enamels

Organic vapor respirator cartridges have been evaluated for use with Imron® and Centari®, two isocyanate containing enamels, under conditions which approximate field conditions. Although solvent breakthrough was observed under some conditions, isocyanate breakthrough was not observed in any test. During four hour exposures to Imron, neither solvent nor isocyanate breakthrough was observed with the Willson Products R21 organic vapor cartridge with R15 prefilter. On exposure of this cartridge to Centari, acetone breakthrough, followed by other solvents, was observed after 10 hours, but, even after 25 hours, isocyanate breakthrough was not observed. Ethyl acetate broke through the Mine Safety Appliances organic vapor cartridge (part number 459315) and prefilter (part number 448842) after 15 hours, but isocyanate had not broken through even after 18 hours of exposure.
Effect of a CD-ROM-based educational intervention on resident knowledge and adherence to deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis guidelines.

BACKGROUND CD-ROM-based educational methods are not new to residency training, yet little is known about how they affect resident knowledge and patient care practices. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of a CD-ROM-based educational tool on residents' knowledge of anticoagulation and their adherence to anticoagulation guidelines. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Residents in the departments of cardiothoracic surgery, emergency medicine, otolaryngology, internal medicine, neurosurgery, dental medicine, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics, surgery, and urology at a university hospital participated in the study. INTERVENTION Residents were provided with CD-ROM-based training on the proper use of anticoagulation based on the sixth ACCP guidelines for antithrombotic therapy. Multiple choice testing was carried out before and after the CD-ROM intervention to assess resident knowledge, and resident compliance with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines was assessed via inpatient chart review by an independent committee. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in knowledge were measured via test scores and the rate of compliance with anticoagulation guidelines. RESULTS Multiple choice test scores of 117 residents increased significantly after reviewing the CD-ROM (from 46.7% ± 15.1% to 77.8% ± 15.1%, P < .005). As a control, we administered the same test at the same 2 times at a comparable institution but without the CD-ROM intervention and found that test scores did not significantly increase. Chart review revealed a rate of compliance with anticoagulation guidelines for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism of 75% before the CD-ROM intervention, which increased to 95% after the intervention, an increase that was sustained for at least 7 months. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CD-ROM-based interventions might be useful not only in enhancing resident knowledge but also in improving the quality of care by favorably affecting clinical practice. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:42–47. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Calibration of one-dimensional flow setup used for estimating fabric permeability using three different reference media

Experimental estimation of the permeability of reinforcement fabrics is very important in conducting accurate mold-filling simulations for liquid composite molding (LCM) processes employed to manufacture polymer matrix composites. In this study, the one-dimensional (1D) flow based permeability measuring setup was calibrated for the first time using three different reference media: an aluminum block with drilled parallel holes, a lattice of 3D unit cells created using rapid prototyping, and carbon fabric used in the recently concluded permeability bench-mark study [Vernet N, et al. Compos Part A, 61, 172 (2014)]. The steady-state permeability was estimated for all the three cases while the transient permeability was estimated only for the lattice-type and carbon fabric media. The carbon-fabric results were presented as the transient and steady-state permeabilities for three different directions of 0°, 45°, and 90°, and the in-plane principal permeability components were calculated using the correlations for anisotropic fabrics. The results for the aluminum-plate and lattice-like media were compared with the previous numerical and experimental studies and good agreement was observed. To validating the carbon-fabric results, the experimental permeability was compared with two different analytical permeabilities for dual-scale porous media [Papathanasiou, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 27(8), 1451 (2001) and K.M. Pillai and S.G. Advani, Transport Porous Med., 21(1), 1 (1995)], and a good agreement with experimental results established the accuracy of our 1D flow setup. The study raises some important questions on the permeability benchmark study conducted recently [Vernet N, et al. Compos Part A, 61, 172 (2014)]. POLYM. COMPOS., 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Smoking Among Women Following Heart Transplantation: Should We Be Concerned?

The serious detrimental effects of smoking after heart transplantation (HTX) are well established, but data that demonstrate the effects on female HTX recipients are scarce. The purpose of this study was to describe tobacco use, exposure to second hand smoke (ESHS), and health perceptions of female HTX recipients and examine relationships between these variables of interest and demographic and clinical characteristics of women following HTX. Seventy-two women (mean age, 54.3+/-12.7 years; mean time since transplant, 5.5+/-4.5 years) were enrolled from a single HTX center. Demographic and clinical data, tobacco use, ESHS, and health perceptions were obtained through self-report and chart reviews. Tobacco use was verified by measurement of urine cotinine levels. Twenty-four women were nonsmokers before and after HTX. Eighteen (37.5%) of the 48 women who were former smokers before HTX had returned to tobacco abuse. Only 4 of the 18 accurately reported their smoking behaviors. Forty percent of nonsmokers reported ESHS. Tobacco use and ESHS were highest among African American women. Forty percent of the sample perceived their health status as fair-poor; the remaining 60% reported good-excellent health. In a multivariate analysis, current tobacco use (odds ratio [OR], 5.20; confidence interval [CI], 3.83-9.13) and ESHS (OR, 1.82; CI, 1.17-2.82) were independent predictors of lower health perceptions. Although a majority of the female recipients who used tobacco ceased smoking before HTX, a substantial proportion demonstrated recurrent tobacco use after HTX. Our findings suggest the need for aggressive screening and risk factor interventions to promote smoking cessation before and after HTX in this unique population of female HTX recipients.
Some Problems of Bronchospirometry Analysis of 1,000 Procedures

SUMMARY Experiences with 1,000 bronchospirometric examinations were reviewed. Because of the unusual breathing conditions bronchospirometry should be used only as an adjunct to other pulmonary function studies. The severity of resistance breathing with various double-lumen catheters was quantitated. Resistances varied not only from one type of tube to another but also between the two sides of the same tube. Obstruction offered by the catheters was many times larger than that offered by the normal human airways. Oxygen breathing, another abnormal condition during bronchospirometry, was shown to have no effect on the ratio of oxygen uptake of the two lungs in normal individuals and in patients with only moderate unilateral pulmonary disease. Room air bronchospirometry showed that conventional oxygen breathing leads to overestimation of the functional participation of greatly damaged lungs. Contraindications to the examination were discussed. Severe dyspnea did not preclude successful split function studies. An occasional adverse effect on the subsequent course of pulmonary tuberculosis was thought not to be due to the intubation itself but rather to retention of purulent material and implantation of bacillus laden secretions in previously unaffected parts of the lung. Excessive premedication, long lasting topical anesthesia and inadequate after care was shown to have been responsible for most febrile reactions and spreads after bronchospirometry. Accurate information concerning functional distribution was obtained following 89 per cent of 724 examinations. No useful data were derived from 4 per cent of examinations. Incorrect positioning of the catheter was the most common cause of poor results. A procedure was outlined which should assure a maximal number of satisfactory studies. Results of special tests including differential residual volume determination, differential analysis of distributional factors and pneumotachography of each lung were summarized. The outcome of bronchospirometry during exercise and during thoracic surgical operations was mentioned. The author wishes to express his indebtedness to Dr. V. O. Bjork, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. J. V. Maloney, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina; Drs. J. J. Cincotti and T. R. Watson, Jr., Rutland Heights, Massachusetts; and Drs. D. W. Cugell and W. E. Patton, Boston, Massachusetts, who participated in various phases of this investigation.
A New Model for Rough Surface Scattering

A new model for rough surface scattering is presented; the model has a form similar to the small slope approximation (SSA) of Voronovich, but with modified kernel functions. As with the SSA, when including two field series terms in the solution the model matches the first- and second-order small perturbation method in the low-frequency limit. Unlike the SSA, the model also achieves agreement with the Kirchhoff approximation in the high-frequency limit even for penetrable surfaces. It is also shown that the new model achieves first-order tilt invariance for first-order SPM predictions. The new model is derived based on a previous extension of the local curvature approximation (LCA) to third order; the new model is termed the "reduced local curvature approximation of third order" (RLCA3) for this reason. Sample results for scattering from dielectric surfaces are presented to illustrate the new model and its relationship with other theories of rough surface scattering.