cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancements toward a systems level understanding of the human oral microbiome

Oral microbes represent one of the most well studied microbial communities owing to the fact that they are a fundamental part of human development influencing health and disease, an easily accessible human microbiome, a highly structured and remarkably resilient biofilm as well as a model of bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. In the last eighty years since oral plaque was first characterized for its functionally stable physiological properties such as the highly repeatable rapid pH decrease upon carbohydrate addition and subsequent recovery phase, the fundamental approaches to study the oral microbiome have cycled back and forth between community level investigations and characterizing individual model isolates. Since that time, many individual species have been well characterized and the development of the early plaque community, which involves many cell–cell binding interactions, has been carefully described. With high throughput sequencing enabling the enormous diversity of the oral cavity to be realized, a number of new challenges to progress were revealed. The large number of uncultivated oral species, the high interpersonal variability of taxonomic carriage and the possibility of multiple pathways to dysbiosis pose as major hurdles to obtain a systems level understanding from the community to the gene level. It is now possible however to start connecting the insights gained from single species with community wide approaches. This review will discuss some of the recent insights into the oral microbiome at a fundamental level, existing knowledge gaps, as well as challenges that have surfaced and the approaches to address them.
Workplace bullying of general surgery residents by nurses.

Abstract Objective Workplace bullying is at the forefront of social behavior research, garnering significant media attention. Most of the medical research has addressed bullying of nurses by physicians and demonstrates that patient care and outcomes may suffer. The intent of this study was to determine if general surgery residents are bullied by nurses. Design A survey instrument previously validated (Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised) to evaluate for workplace bullying was modified to reflect the resident-nurse relationship. After institutional review board approval, the piloted online survey was sent to general surgery program directors to forward to general surgery residents. Demographic data are presented as percentages, and for negative acts, percentages of daily, weekly, and monthly frequencies are combined. Setting Allopathic general surgery residencies in the United States. Participants General surgery residents. Results The response rate was 22.1% (n = 452). Most respondents were men (55%) and had a mean age of 29 years (standard deviation = 7). Although 27.0% of the respondents were interns, the remaining classes were equally represented (12%-18% of responses/class). The respondents were primarily from medium-sized residency programs (45%), in the Midwest (28%), training in university programs (72%), and rotating primarily in a combined private and county hospital that serves both insured and indigent patients (59%). The residents had experienced each of the 22 negative acts (11.5%-82.5%). Work-related bullying occurs more than person-related bullying and physical intimidation. Ignoring of recommendations or orders by nurses occurs on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis for 30.2% of residents (work-related bullying). The most frequent person-related bullying act is ignoring the resident when they approach or reacting in a hostile manner (18.0%), followed by ignoring or excluding the resident (17.1%). Conclusions Workplace bullying of general surgery residents by nurses is prominent. Future research is needed to determine the toll on the resident’s well-being and patient outcomes.
A Comparison Of WSR-88D Reflectivities, SSM/I Brightness Temperatures, and Lightning for Mesoscale Convective Systems in Texas. Part I: Radar Reflectivity and Lightning

Abstract This is the first part of a two part study. Part I compares radar data from the League City, Texas, WSR-88D and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data for a set of eight mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), which occur at various stages of development along the upper Texas gulf coast. Vertical profiles of radar reflectivity (VPRR) as well as plan views and vertical cross sections are constructed to characterize the structure and relative strength of each MCS. The VPRR are also compared with similar profiles from tropical oceanic MCSs. The data show that in all the majority of negative CG lightning flashes are located near high-reflectivity convective cores (>35 dBZ) in the mixed-phase region (0°C ≤T≥ −20°C). Growing or mature MCSs typically had larger negative flash counts and higher percentages of negative lightning (≥80%) associated with convective core than MCSs at later stages of their life cycle. Comparison of the median VPRR for the various MCSs showed that although each case had high-reflecti...
Should surgeons still be implanting pacemakers

Cardiac pacing has undergone major changes in the areas of manpower, technology, and cost over the past 10 years. Arguments have been made to eliminate cardiac surgical involvement in pacing on the basis of these three areas of change: implantations are increasingly performed by nonsurgeons, surgeons have not kept up with the technologic advances in pacing, and consolidation of bradypacing resources is necessary during a time when reimbursement has declined significantly. This study examined two eras of pacing therapy at an institution where pacemaker implantation has always been performed by cardiothoracic surgeons. The purpose of the study was to critically analyze (1) the current role (if any) of cardiothoracic surgeons in delivery of pacemaker therapy and (2) the current results of cardiothoracic surgical involvement in pacemaker implantation. In 1,562 procedures performed between 1986 and 1992, the infection rate was 0.51% and the overall complication rate (both short-term and long-term) was 5.2%. During era 1 (1/1/86 to 6/30/89), 80% of implants were single-chamber and follow-up was incomplete and dependent in many instances on the referring cardiologist/internist. For the implantations performed in the second era (7/1/89 to 12/31/92) as part of an established Pacemaker Service, complete clinical and transtelephonic follow-up services were provided by this coordinated medical-surgical approach. During era 2, 53.9% of implants were dual-chamber (79% during 1992). Total and infectious complication rates remained low in era 2 despite this change in technology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bundle-based decomposition for large-scale convex optimization: error estimate and application to block-angular linear programs

Robinson has proposed the bundle-based decomposition algorithm to solve a class of structured large-scale convex optimization problems. In this method, the original problem is transformed (by dualization) to an unconstrained nonsmooth concave optimization problem which is in turn solved by using a modified bundle method. In this paper, we give a posteriori error estimates on the approximate primal optimal solution and on the duality gap. We describe implementation and present computational experience with a special case of this class of problems, namely, block-angular linear programming problems. We observe that the method is efficient in obtaining the approximate optimal solution and compares favorably with MINOS and an advanced implementation of the Dantzig—Wolfe decomposition method.
The effects of new public projects to expand urban rail transit

Abstract Many US cities invest in large public transit projects in order to reduce private vehicle dependence and to reverse the downward trend in public transit use. Using a unique panel data set for five major cities that upgraded their rail transit systems in the 1980s, we estimate new rail transit’s impact on usage and housing values, using distance as a proxy for transit access. New rail transit has a small impact on usage and housing values. This impact is enough to represent tangible benefits of new transit to nearby residents. New transit’s benefits are not uniformly distributed. We document which demographic groups are over represented in transit growth areas and the changes in transit usage by different demographic groups.
Differential micronuclear polyteny in a population of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis.

1. A population ofT. pyriformis, variety 1, mating type I, was observed to have conspicuously larger micronuclei than other populations of types I and II. 2. The increased micronuclear size is correlated with increased nuclear DNA content (in terms of Feulgen dye) and with the appearance of meiotic chromosomes which are thicker and which stain more intensely with the Feulgen reaction than those of the conjugating partner. 3. Under certain culture conditions individuals with larger micronuclei exhibit a more rapid growth rate than other populations.
Acoustically mediated pheromone release in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract Male greater wax moths, Galleria mellonella L., release pheromone at a controlled rate which attracts females and increase the rate of release in response to female wingbeat, artificial sounds, and substrate vibrations of similar frequencies. Apparatus was developed to detect and measure change in the rate of pheromone release in response to vibrations at specified frequencies. Males increased their rate of pheromone release to a range of frequencies which included most of the energy generated by a wing-fanning female. They were unlikely to respond to sounds and substrate vibrations produced by their honey bee hosts. This ability to distinguish frequencies provides a means for conserving pheromone for use when females are nearby.
Inducement of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis by the intrahemocoelic injection of freed viral particles into the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Abstract Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis was induced 1 by the intrahemocoelic injection of freed viral particles into the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Examination of tissues of the infected insects revealed that formation of the typical tetragonal type of polyhedron was restricted to the gut epithelial cells. The LD50's obtained with preparations of whole intact polyhedra and freed viral particles injected per os and into the hemocoel are compared.
Mother-blaming in family therapy: An empirical investigation

Abstract This study tested two hypotheses derived from the feminist critique of family therapy in a sample of AAMFT members. The stimulus was a brief vignette of an initial therapy session with a family presenting a teen-aged child as the identified patient. It was hypothesized that family therapists would rate the mothers in the vignette as more dysfunctional than fathers. It was also hypothesized that mothers would be asked to bear more of the burden of change in treatment plans written by subjects. Neither hypothesis was supported. However, respondents did rate the concerned parent, regardless of sex, as more dysfunctional. Since this is a role often occupied by women, this finding may indicate some gender bias.
Second‐order and affine estimates for the behavior of viscous polycrystals

The recently proposed second-order and affine estimates for the effective behavior of nonlinear heterogeneous materials rely on the same linearization procedure and refer to some “thermoelastic comparison composite”. But both approaches differ in the way the overall nonlinear answer is defined, either through average stress-strain relations or energy considerations. When combined with the linear self-consistent model, they provide new tools for the predictions of the behavior of viscoplastic polycrystals (steady state creep). They are compared to each other and to other more classical estimates (incremental and tangent) in the following situations.: a 2D antiplane model problem for which efficient rigorous upper bounds are available, the creep of isotropic aggregates of FCC crystals and HCP crystals with different critical stresses on the basal and prismatic slip systems.
The SEL macroscopic modeling code

Abstract The SEL (Spectral ELement) macroscopic modeling code for magnetically confined plasma combines adaptive spectral element spatial discretization and nonlinearly implicit time stepping via Newton's method on massively parallel computers. Static condensation is implemented to construct the Shur complement of the Jacobian matrix, which greatly accelerates the linear system solution and distinguishes itself from conventional Newton–Krylov schemes. Grid alignment with the evolving magnetic field, implemented with a variational principle, is a key component of grid adaptation in SEL, and is critical to toroidal plasma applications. Results of 2D magnetic reconnection are shown to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the parallel algorithms built on the Portable, Extensible Toolkits for Scientific Computing (PETSC) framework.
Low-density framework form of crystalline silicon with a wide optical band gap

Synthesis of a guest-free clathrate form of crystalline silicon was achieved by successive vacuum treatment and density separation of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{136}$-based materials. The new allotrope of silicon has an open framework structure based upon slightly distorted tetrahedral atoms bound into five- and six-membered ring structures, and corresponds to a fully saturated and condensed fullerane-type solid. Theoretical calculations indicate that the new form of silicon should be a wide bandgap semiconductor. This prediction is borne out by experiment: electrical conductivity and optical absorption measurements yield a band gap of 1.9 eV, approximately twice the value of ``normal'' semiconducting silicon.
The Politics of Public Health Aid: Why Corrupt Governments Have Incentives to Implement Aid Effectively

Summary Conventional wisdom suggests that foreign aid is more effective in less corrupt states. Recently, however, research is emerging that suggests that this argument may be too broad and that the effect of governance on aid effectiveness is masked by the study of aggregate aid flows. I focus on the public health sector and develop an argument of strategic compliance: corrupt recipient governments have incentives to comply with donor objectives but they will do so in aid sectors, in which compliance is cheap. I use two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) as my primary estimation technique. I find strong and robust evidence for my argument.
Inhibition of T4 Bacteriophage Multiplication by Superinfecting Ghosts and the Development of Tolerance After Bacteriophage Infection

Simultaneous addition of T4 phage and ghosts to host cells prevents infective center formation. Cells which have been infected with phage for less than 2 min are also inhibited by superinfecting ghosts. After this time, a chloramphenicol-inhibitable reaction occurs which causes the phage-infected cells to become increasingly tolerant of added ghosts.
Optoelectronic control of electron and nuclear spins in semiconductor nanostructures

Summary form only given. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in coherent electronic and spin dynamics in semiconductors and quantum structures, including a discussion of temporally- and spatially-resolved magneto-optical measurements that reveal an interesting interplay between electronic and nuclear spins. An electrical scheme for local spin manipulation based on g-tensor modulation response (g-TMR) is also presented. The experiments investigate electronic, photonic, and magnetic manipulation of electron and nuclear spins in a variety of semiconductor structures and focus on investigating the underlying physics for quantum information processing in solid state.
The National Exposure Registry: Analyses of Health Outcomes From the Benzene Subregistry

The purpose of the National Exposure Registry is to assess the long-term health consequences to a general population from long-term, low-level exposures to specific substances in the environment. This study investigates the health outcomes of 1,143 persons (1,127 living, 16 deceased) living in south central Texas who had documented environmental exposure to benzene (up to 66ppb) in tap water. As with all subregistries, face-to-face interviews were used to collect self-reported information for 25 general health status questions. Using computer-assisted telephone interviewing, the same health questions were asked 1 year (Followup 1, F1) and 2 years later (Followup 2, F2). The health outcome rates for Baseline and Followup 1 and 2 data collections for the Benzene Subregistry were compared with national norms, that is, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) rates. For at least one of the three reporting periods, specific age and sex groups of the Benzene Subregistry population reported more adverse health outcomes when compared with the NHIS population, including anemia and other blood disorders, ulcers, gall bladder trouble, and stomach or intestinal problems, stroke, urinary tract disorders, skin rashes, diabetes, kidney disease, and respiratory allergies. Statistically significant deficits for the Benzene Subregistry population overall were found for asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis; arthritis, rheumatism, or other joint disorders; hearing impairment; and speech impairment. No statistically significant differences between the two populations were seen for the outcomes hypertension; liver disease; mental retardation; or cancer. These results do not identify a causal relationship between benzene exposure and adverse health effects; however, they do reinforce the need for continued followup of registrants.
LIFTING AEROFOIL CALCULATION USING THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

The bbundary integral formulation and boundary element method are extended to include lifting flow problems. This involves inclusion of a branch cut in the flow field and imposition of a Kutta condition to determine the circulation, Γ Additional boundary integral contributions arise from the cut surface. Techniques for calculating Γ are developed and we treat, in particular, a superposition procedure which permits very efficient computation. Numerical results are presented for an NACA0012 aerofoil at several angles of attack.
An efficient and effective detailed placement algorithm

In the past few years, there has been a lot of research in the area of global placement. In comparison, not much attention has been paid to the detailed placement problem. Existing detailed placers either fail to improve upon the excellent solution quality enabled by good global placers or are very slow. To handle the above problems, we focus on the detailed placement problem. We present an efficient and effective detailed placement algorithm to handle the wirelength minimization problem. The main contributions of our work are: (1) an efficient Global Swap technique to identify a pair of cells that can be swapped to reduce wirelength; (2) a flow that combines the Global Swap technique with other heuristics to produce very good wirelength; (3) an efficient single-segment clustering technique to optimally shift cells within a segment to minimize wirelength. On legalized mPL5 global placements on the IBM standard-cell benchmarks, our detailed placer can achieve 19.0%, 13.2% and 0.5% more wirelength reduction compared to Fengshui5.0, rowironing and Domino respectively. Correspondingly we are 3.6/spl times/ 2.8/spl times/ and 15/spl times/ faster. On the ISPD05 benchmarks (Gi-Joon Nam et al., 2005), we achieve 8.1% and 9.1% more wirelength reduction compared to Fengshui5.0 and rowironing respectively. Correspondingly we are 3.1/spl times/ and 2.3/spl times/ faster.
Reversals of fortune: path dependency, problem solving, and temporal cases

Historical reversals highlight a basic methodological problem: is it possible to treat two successive periods both as independent cases to compare for causal analysis and as parts of a single historical sequence? I argue that one strategy for doing so, using models of path dependency, imposes serious limits on explanation. An alternative model which treats successive periods as contrasting solutions for recurrent problems offers two advantages. First, it more effectively combines analytical comparisons of different periods with narratives of causal sequences spanning two or more periods. Second, it better integrates scholarly accounts of historical reversals with actors’ own narratives of the past.
Transient analysis of the Euclidean direction search (EDS) algorithm

In this paper, a transient analysis is performed for a least squares based adaptive algorithm, Euclidean direction search algorithm. The transient analysis is characterized by derivations of the energy conservation relation and the learning curve equation. The learning curve equation is particularly important because it describes the learning mechanism of the algorithm without an explicit recursion for the weight vector.
Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure: Incidence, Prognosis, and Prevention

Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular cause of hospitalizations in the United States and the most frequent reason among patients aged 65 years and older.1 A recent report by the National Hospital Discharge Survey showed an increase in the number of hospital admissions with a diagnosis of HF from ≈1.3 million in 1979 to 3.9 million in 2004, with 30% to 35% of these carrying a primary diagnosis of HF.2 Recent data from several large registries of HF hospitalizations have demonstrated in-hospital mortality as high as 4% to 7%.3,4 Contributing to this is a significant incidence of VTE among hospitalized patients with HF.5 In addition, VTE is associated with thromboembolic complications, which are associated with long-term sequelae including postthrombotic syndromes, venous stasis, venous ulcers, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary embolism (PE).6–8 These conditions are often associated with edema and chronic pain, which can have a significant impact on mobility and quality of life. Recurrent VTE and PE are also common complications reported in as many as 30% of patients.9 Published information suggests that despite availability of effective therapy and existence of practice guidelines,10,11 there is a significant underutilization of VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized patients with HF.12–15 Analysis of the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry revealed that of 71 376 patients eligible for VTE prophylaxis only 21 847 (31%) received prophylactic regimen.16 An analysis of the PREMIER database showed that although 79% of 34 286 patients admitted with HF received an order for VTE prophylaxis, only 15.8% received recommended appropriate prophylactic regimen in terms of the type of medications, dose, and duration of therapy.17 These data clearly demonstrate the need for increased awareness of prevention of VTE in hospitalized patients with HF. Therefore, the purpose of this article …
Learning Cognitive and Emotional Intelligence Competencies Through Graduate Management Education

A major challenge to MBA education is to develop the ability to use management knowledge. Entering and graduating data from six full-time and three part-time cohorts taking an MBA program designed ...
Vertical graphene by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition: Correlation of plasma conditions and growth characteristics

Vertically aligned graphene was grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using methane feedstock. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to monitor the plasma species, and Raman spectroscopy was used for characterizing the properties of as-grown vertically aligned graphene. OES-derived information on plasma species, such as C, C2, CH, and H, are correlated with the properties of the vertically aligned graphene. Graphene grown at 250 W and 15 sccm exhibited the lowest amount of defects. Although OES peak intensities occurred at the highest power and lowest flow conditions, the OES peak ratios of plasma species had a greater dependence on flow rate and exhibited a saddle point in the atomic C/H ratio corresponding to optimal growth involving the lowest amount of overall defects. Plasma diagnostics provides a valuable approach to optimize growth characteristics and material properties.
Bridges over troubled waters: education and cognitive neuroscience

Recently there has been growing interest in and debate about the relation between cognitive neuroscience and education. Our goal is to advance the debate beyond both recitation of potentially education-related cognitive neuroscience findings and the claim that a bridge between fields is chimerical. In an attempt to begin a dialogue about mechanisms among students, educators, researchers and practitioner-scientists, we propose that multiple bridges can be built to make connections between education and cognitive neuroscience, including teacher training, researcher training and collaboration. These bridges – concrete mechanisms that can advance the study of mind, brain and education – will benefit both educators and cognitive neuroscientists, who will gain new perspectives for posing and answering crucial questions about the learning brain.
Are utilities bounded at 1.0? Implications for statistical analysis and scale development.

Acareful consideration of the fundamental characteristics of preference-based QALY weights (hereafter referred to as utilities for simplicity) can help us better understand how we should approach their statistical estimation. In an article in this issue, Pullenayegum and others 1 argue: ‘‘Although negative utilities are allowed because there are health states worse than death, utilities cannot exceed 1 because you cannot do better than full health.’’ Based on this argument, the authors suggest that censored regression models (such as Tobit and CLAD) are biased and that specific statistical analyses and/or manipulations should be used to estimate marginal coefficients. In this commentary, I argue the opposing view that the basic characteristics of utilities require that scores can exceed 1.0. As a result, censored regression models such as Tobit or CLAD should be used to estimate unbiased estimates of utilities that can exceed 1.0. By convention, utilities are anchored at 0.0 (death) and 1.0 (full health). Theoretically, utilities are interval scaled and could take on any 2 arbitrary values as the anchors for death and full health as long as the value for death is below that for full health. 2 An analogous interval scale is temperature, with reference points at freezing and boiling. Temperatures can exceed the boiling point and the freezing point. Within the context of QALYs, selecting reference points at death and full health is particularly convenient and meaningful. Assigning a value of 0.0 for death ensures that when a patient enters the death state, QALYs cease to accrue. (If death
The Fučík Spectrum

In Section 3.5 and again in Section 6.3, we mentioned the situation in which $$f\left( {x,t} \right)/t \to {\alpha _ \pm }\left( x \right){\text{ }}as{\text{ }}t \to \pm \infty .$$ (7.1.1)
THE NATURE OF NON-SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF VIRUS HEMAGGLUTINATION

A study of the component in serum and tissue extracts responsible for non-specific inhibition of hemagglutination with mumps virus and the PR8 and Lee strains of influenza virus has yielded the following results: 1. The inhibitory factor was found in high titer in human serum and in saline extracts of various organs procured at autopsy (lung, liver,kidney, spleen). The inhibition titers of extracts of these organs were usually higher than the serum titers, whereas the titers of muscle extracts were invariably lower. 2. Similar results were obtained with serum and tissue extracts from normal rabbits and guinea pigs. 3. The serum inhibition titers were not affected by heating to 75 degrees C. for 30 minutes, whereas the titers of the tissue extracts were usually reduced by heating at 65 degrees C. or 75 degrees C. for 30 minutes. 4. Saline extracts of human and chicken red blood cells also contained an inhibitory substance in high titer, and these cells showed marked agglutination with influenza and mumps viruses. Rabbit red cells, on the other band, underwent little or no agglutination with these viruses and extracts of these cells failed to cause inhibition. Sheep red cells varied in their capacity to agglutinate and also in their yield of the inhibitory substance. 5. When the virus receptor substance was removed from chicken red cells by adsorption and elution with influenza virus, extracts of the cells no longer yielded the inhibitory factor. 6. The inhibitory substance did not neutralize influenza virus in mice and it failed to fix complement when mixed with influenza or mumps viruses. 7. Evidence was obtained that some virus was released from the inhibitory substance after incubation for 6 hours at 22 degrees C. or 37 degrees C. The implications of these findings are discussed.
In defense of An inquiry into computer understanding

Cheeseman responds to responses to his previous essay 'An inquiry into computer understanding'. It is concluded that probability (not logic) is the best way to represent and reason about common sense in constructing an AI system.
Anterograde Trafficking of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Function of the C-Terminal F(X)6LL Motif in Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

We have reported previously that the F(X)6LL motif in the C termini is essential for export of α2B-adrenergic (α2B-AR) and angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we further demonstrate that mutation of the F(X)6LL motif similarly abolished the cell-surface expression of α2B-AR, AT1R, α1B-AR, and β2-AR, suggesting that the F(X)6LL motif plays a general role in ER export of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Mutation of Phe to Val, Leu, Trp, and Tyr, and mutation of LL to FF and VV, markedly inhibited α2B-AR transport, indicating that the F(X)6LL function cannot be fully substituted by other hydrophobic residues. The structural analysis revealed that the Phe residue in the F(X)6LL motif is buried in the transmembrane domains and possibly interacts with Ile58 in β2-AR and Val42 in α2B-AR, whereas the LL motif is exposed to the cytosolic space. Indeed, mutation of Ile58 in β2-AR and Val42 in α2B-AR markedly disrupted cell surface transport of the receptors. It is noteworthy that the Val and Ile residues are highly conserved among the GPCRs carrying the F(X)6LL motif. Furthermore, the Phe mutant exhibited a stronger interaction with ER chaperones and was more potently rescued by physical and chemical treatments than the LL mutant. These data suggest that the Phe residue is probably involved in folding of α2B-AR and β2-AR, possibly through interaction with other hydrophobic residues in neighboring domains. These data also provide the first evidence implying crucial roles of the C termini possibly through modulating multiple events in anterograde trafficking of GPCRs.
Magnesium Starvation of Aerobacter aerogenes III. Protein Metabolism

The metabolism of the ribosomal and soluble protein components of Aerobacter aerogenes was examined during its incubation in a Mg++-deficient medium. Bacteria were exposed to leucine-H3 during the exponential growth period preceding Mg++ starvation, and extracts were prepared after intervals of starvation and were centrifuged through gradients of sucrose to separate ribosomal from soluble proteins. Ribosomal proteins synthesized during the preceding exponential growth were slowly lost from the ribosomes; after 8 hr of starvation, few, if any, sedimented with ribosomes. Losses of total protein, together with the known rate of ribosome decay during Mg++ starvation, suggested that these ribosomal proteins are ultimately degraded to acid-soluble products and account for all protein lost by the starving cells. These conclusions were supported by studies of Mg++ starvation in a uracil-requiring strain of A. aerogenes: during uracil starvation a smaller fraction of the proteins synthesized were ribosomal, and the fraction of protein which subsequently decayed during Mg++ starvation was correspondingly less. During recovery from Mg++ starvation, proteins, lost from disintegrated ribosomes, were not detectably reutilized into new particles even before their degradation to acid-soluble products was complete. Synthesis of soluble proteins continued for more than 24 hr of starvation at a rate per milliliter close to 45% of the instantaneous rate per milliliter of the exponentially growing bacteria at the time Mg++ was removed. This value agreed with that found previously for synthetic rates of deoxyribonucleic acid, transfer ribonucleic acid, and ribosomal ribonucleic acid during starvation relative to rates during exponential growth.
Spinal cord dysfunction with quadriplegia complicating pneumococcal meningitis

A case of pneumococcal meningitis complicated by brain-stem herniation and flaccid quadriplegia is described, from which the patient, an 11 year old boy, made a partial recovery. The patient had suffered a head injury with skull fracture some years previously; this was his third episode of meningitis. The aetiology of the quadriplegia has not been fully established, but is presumed to be of vascular nature at spinal cord level, associated with an acute hypotensive episode. Preventative aspects of recurrent bacterial meningitis and brain-stem herniation following lumbar puncture are stressed.
Appellate Practice in Nebraska: A Thorough, Though Not Exhaustive, Primer in How to Do It and How to Be More Effective

A review of appellate practice rules in the State of Nebraska, including jurisdictional and filing requirements, as well as practical advice for being more effective. Complete with thorough statutory, rule, and case citations.
Banks in China: An Analysis of Cost and Profit Efficiencies

This paper explores the cost and profit efficiencies of banks in China from 1996 to 2005 and their relation to the economic growth. We adopt the one-step stochastic frontier approach to estimate the cost and profit frontiers and efficiencies. The profit efficiency of banks has been improved after year 2000 while the cost efficiency of them decayed during the same time period. Nevertheless, according to our empirical results, the Big Fours, private banks and banks with high the deposits-to-assets ratio tend to have low volatility of the cost efficiency. The high deposits-to-assets ratio also helps reduce the volatility of the profit efficiency. Consequently, according to the empirical results, the privatization of the Big Fours is the key to reduce the volatility of cost efficiency in the banking operations in China and high deposits-to-asset ratio contributes to both cost and profit efficiencies.
The Stock Price Response to 13F Disclosures of Positions in IPOs

We examine the stock market's reaction to 13F lings with the SEC. On the day an institution files its 13F, do the prices of stocks held by the institution change? We begin our analysis by examining price responses for initial public off erings of equity, given that the valuations of these stocks are typically more uncertain. We fi nd that the stock market values the news that a top institutional money manager holds a particular IPO. Specifi cally, on the day that an institution in the top 2.5% (based on prior performance) fi les its 13F, any recent IPO reported to be held by that institution enjoys a market-adjusted return of 1%. We plan to investigate other subsets of stocks as well as other subsets of 13F information. Also, we will assess the appropriateness of the market's reaction to the 13F news by examining the stock's performance over future holding periods. This study will shed light on how the market uses information in the 13F disclosures.
Virulence of strains of herpes simplex virus for mice.

SummaryTwelve strains of herpes simplex virus, 11 recently isolated, and one, the laboratory HF strain were studied in mice. The incubation periods after intracerebral inoculation of a 10% suspension ranged from 30 to 96 hours. After intraperitoneal inoculation old mice resisted between 20-fold and at least 3000-fold more virus than did the young mice. Comparison of the results of intracerebral inoculation of young and old mice indicated that for 3 of the strains there was no difference; for 9 of them the old mice showed at least a 10-fold greater resistance of which 3 showed a 50-fold or greater difference and one more than 1000-fold difference. The differences in intracerebral susceptibility to fatal infection were caused by sublethal infection in older mice. When these were taken into account the differences were negligible.
Use of WHO tsetse fly kit for determining resistance in the stable fly.

Johnston and Blakeslee (1961) indicated that the World Health Organization test procedures for determining the susceptibility or resistance of adult mosquitoes to insecticides was highly satisfactory for testing adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). A WHO tsetse fly resistance kit, which provided the same materials as those in the adult mosquito kit was used in this study.
Welcome to SEMI-THERM 32!

It is my honor and pleasure to welcome you to the SEMITHERM 32 conference, the 32nd annual conference on thermal design, management, measurement and characterization of Semiconductor components and systems. This premier international conference will be held at the DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel, San Jose, California, USA, on March 14–17, 2016. The SEMI-THERM conference is overseen by the SEMI-THERM Educational Foundation (STEF), an organization dedicated to providing worldwide educational opportunities and resources within the electronic thermal engineering community. SEMI-THERM's mission statement is “to provide an annual forum for the exchange of latest technical developments in thermal management of electronic devices, components and systems.” This is accomplished by offering a multifaceted program of events of interest to developers, practitioners and researchers from academia and industry in the field of electronics thermal management. This year the SEMI-THERM organizing and technical committee has invested tremendous efforts to put together a broad and exciting, high-quality technical program in tune with the mission of STEF covering the latest advances in its fields of expertise. Overall, I am confident that you will be able to gain new knowledge, grow your network and embrace new opportunities to advance your own career as well as enable your organizations to reach new heights of excellence, innovation and creativity.
A Simulation and Physical Experiment Study on Transformerless Cascaded Multi-level Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Based on the first demonstration project of medium voltage level transformerless cascaded multi-level topology Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) in China,the paper puts forward a novel system design scheme,elaborates the each part working principle of the installation and discusses control strategy of an unbalance sag compensation for an enterprise 6kV system based on the proposed cascaded structure.The EMTDC/PSCAD based simulation and the physical experiments on a 2.2kVA DVR prototype were carried out to verify the validity of proposed scheme and control strategy.
On the Question of Land Acquisition for Private Development: Lessons from the United States, India, and China

In most countries, the government is empowered by the constitution to acquire privately owned land for public use on payment of fair compensation for the land acquired. For infrastructure projects such as a highway or a dam, the land acquired remains under public ownership. In many cases, however, private land is often taken for industrialization or even construction of commercial and residential real estate in the name of urban redevelopment. In such cases, the acquired land is transferred to a private party. This article draws upon the parallel between different incidents of forcible acquisition of private land in the United States, India, and China. The cases of General Motors in Poletown near Detroit, MI, in the 1980s, and the recent events relating to Tata Motors and the agricultural land in Singur, West Bengal, raise a number of questions about government taking of land for private development. A brief review of the history of land acquisition through eminent domain in the United States serves as th...
Analysis of food additives pollution in Jilin province in 2010 and 2011

Objective:To know about chemical pollution situation of food additives in food from Jilin province.Methods: Examination method required by food chemical pollution regulations was employed in this detection.Results: Food additives were found overuse in the follows.1.Aluminiferous food expander was overused in deep-fried dough sticks,deep-fried pie,rice cake and extruded food,with over-limit rate of 23.72%.2.Sodium nitrite was overused in cooked meat products,with over-limit rate of 4.44%.3.Sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate was overused in preserved fruit,sweetmeat and sauce pickled vegetables,with over-limit rate of 11.4%.4.Sulfur dioxide was overused in needle mushroom,with over-limit rate of 46.47%.5.Saccharine sodium was overused in soft drink and liquor,with over-limit rate of 13.33%.Conclusion: Food safety is related to the people′s livelihood,sanitation supervision and examination for food additives should be enhanced.
Correlation between molecular and clinical events in the evolution of chronic myelocytic leukemia to blast crisis

A patient with typical Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) was studied during sequential phases of disease: (1) initial chronic phase; (2) myeloid blast crisis; (3) second chronic phase; and (4) accelerated disease. A point mutation in the coding sequence of the p53 gene first appeared concomitantly with the blast crisis and then disappeared with the re-establishment of a second chronic phase. The chromosomal concomitant of the molecular alteration was a deletion of 17p. These observations suggest that abnormalities of the p53 anti-oncogene are temporally related to the clinical progression of some cases of CML and are probably responsible for the development of blast crisis in these cases.
Use of chimeric muscarinic receptors to investigate epitopes involved in allosteric interactions

All five (m1-m5) muscarinic receptors are sensitive to allosteric regulation, but gallamine is considerably more potent in slowing the dissociation of N-[3H]methylscopolamine (NMS) from the m2 subtype than from the m3 or m5 subtypes. To study the structural basis for the preference of gallamine for the m2 subtype, we evaluated [3H]NMS-gallamine interactions with chimeric receptors in which segments of the m5 receptor were systematically replaced with the corresponding m2 sequence. Substitutions that included the sixth transmembrane domain and third extracellular loop resulted in marked increases in the potency of gallamine, but substitutions that did not include these regions were without effect. A similar substitution was investigated using m2/m3 chimeric receptors, in which a segment extending from the middle of the sixth transmembrane domain to the carboxyl terminus was exchanged. As with the m2/m5 constructs, substitution of the m2 carboxyl-terminal segment into the m3 subtype significantly increased the potency of gallamine. Furthermore, the converse substitution reduced the potency of gallamine dramatically, to approximately that seen for the m3 subtype itself. It appears that this portion of the receptor is a critical determinant for the binding of gallamine and/or the allosteric interactions between gallamine and [3H]NMS.
Clinical investigation of human alpha interferon in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Fifty-one patients with previously untreated or minimally treated chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase received human alpha interferon 3 to 9 X 10(6) units intramuscularly (IM) daily until complete hematologic remission, then at doses ranging from 3 X 10(6) units every other day to 9 X 10(6) units daily. Forty-one (80%) patients achieved a hematologic response, 36 (71%) of them attaining a complete hematologic remission with normal peripheral WBC and differential counts. Responding patients showed continuous but slow normalization of several other blood and marrow parameters including platelet counts, serum lactic dehydrogenase and B12 levels, and marrow cellularity and maturation index. Suppression of the Philadelphia chromosome on serial cytogenetic studies of marrow metaphases was documented in 20 of the 36 patients who achieved complete hematologic remission (56%; 39% of total group), eight of whom (22%) had a decrease of the Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases to less than 35%. These changes were persistent for 6 months or longer in 18 patients, seven of whom had continuous suppression of the Philadelphia chromosome to less than 90% for a median of 30+ months (range 21+ to 39+ months). After a median follow-up period of 37 months, 25 patients remain in continued disease control with interferon therapy. The projected 3-year survival rate is 76%, with a yearly death rate of 6%, 9%, and 9% in the first 3 years. Response, Philadelphia chromosome suppression, and survival were significantly better among patients in the low-risk category compared to intermediate- and high-risk categories, as defined by a multivariate analysis-derived prognostic model. The projected 3- year survival rate was 94% for patients who achieved a complete hematologic remission on interferon therapy and 45% for those who did not. Thirteen patients have developed blastic crisis, six with lymphoid and three with undifferentiated morphology. We conclude that human leukocyte alpha interferon effectively controls chronic myeloid leukemia and allows reappearance of diploid hemopoietic cells in some patients.
The state of South Dakota's child: 1990.

Abstract For the first time since 1970 the birth rate in South Dakota (15.7) has dropped to a rate level lower than that of the nation (15.9). The continuing decline in the number of total births in South Dakota makes it all the more important to be cautious as annual South Dakota data are examined. Five year (1984-1988) mean neonatal mortality data show that its rate for both the white and the nonwhite populations in South Dakota are lower than those of the nation. Alternately, the five year mean post neonatal mortality rate for whites is slightly above the national rate and for nonwhites it is substantially higher than the national rate. This paper concludes with a discussion of approaches currently being pursued in the state to improve the health and well being of Native American children.
ZigBee Device Verification for Securing Industrial Control and Building Automation Systems

Improved wireless ZigBee network security provides a means to mitigate malicious network activity due to unauthorized devices. Security enhancement using RF-based features can augment conventional bit-level security approaches that are solely based on the MAC addresses of ZigBee devices. This paper presents a device identity verification process using RF fingerprints from like-model CC2420 2.4 GHz ZigBee device transmissions in operational indoor scenarios involving line-of-sight and through-wall propagation channels, as well as an anechoic chamber representing near-ideal conditions. A trained multiple discriminant analysis model was generated using normalized multivariate Gaussian test statistics from authorized network devices. Authorized device classification and ID verification were assessed using pre-classification Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) feature ranking and post-classification generalized relevance learning vector quantization improved (GRLVQI) relevance ranking. A true verification rate greater than 90% and a false verification rate less than 10% were obtained when assessing authorized device IDs. When additional rogue devices were introduced that attempted to gain unauthorized network access by spoofing the bit-level credentials of authorized devices, the KS-test feature set achieved a true verification rate greater than 90% and a rogue reject rate greater than 90% in 29 of 36 rogue scenarios while the GRLVQI feature set was successful in 28 of 36 scenarios.