cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on the transport of vitamin D and of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in human plasma.

A study was conducted to investigate whether human plasma contains one 01- more than one protein for the transport of vitamin D and of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D). Serum was labeled in vivo with a mixture of radioactive vitamin D3 (derived from orally administered tracer vitamin D3) and of endogenously synthesized la- beled 25-OH-D3. Samples of such serum were subjected to several different protein fractionation procedures. Only a single peak of protein-bound radioactivity was observed after each of these procedures. The fractions comprising the ascending and the descending limbs of the single peak of protein-bound radioactivity (after each procedure) were separately pooled. In each instance the ratio of radio- active 25-0H-4 to radioactive vitamin D3 was found to be almost identical in both the ascending and the descend- ing limbs. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that human serum contains only a single binding protein responsible for the normal transport of both vitamin D and 25-OH-D. Plasma labeled in vitro with added 3H-labeled 25-OH-D3 was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and to chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose and of SP- Sephadex. After each of these procedures a single peak of protein-bound radioactivity was observed, with elution pro- files of protein and of radioactivity that were identical with those observed with in vivo labeled serum. These data indicate that tracer 25-OH-4 added to plasma in vitro binds to the same plasma protein normally responsible for the transport of vitamin D and of 25-OH-D.
Role of nitric oxide during hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig.

Airway function is largely preserved during exercise or isocapnic hyperventilation in humans and guinea pigs despite likely changes in airway milieu during hyperpnea. It is only on cessation of a h...
Manuscripts for Recent History: A Proposal for a New Approach

Historians are continually searching for ways to delve into the mass of documentary materials available for research. Forays into the recent history of public affairs, however, give the archival problem a new twist. Unless special measures are taken to acquire evidence being produced, it will be destroyed and hence unavailable for later historians. Moreover, historians of the contemporary United States, who are in touch with the wide-ranging documents about public affairs and with their sources, can play a unique role in assembling contemporary records as well as preserving them. Here I wish to stress both aspects of this problem: the need to take special steps to preserve contemporary documentary material that often becomes irrelevant to policy actors very quickly and is both neglected and allowed to disappear, and the important role that historians working in contemporary history can play for future historians in assembling and preserving that material. In undertaking research on public affairs involving environmental issues since World War II, I found it necessary to ferret out documentary materials myself.1 Few of the records I sought were available in archives. Hence I had to search them out from those who created them. Some of those records would undoubtedly have been preserved in due course, as citizen environmental organizations developed an interest in preservation and sought out archives to hold records, or as archives reached out to citizen groups. Other documents, such as those created in the course of public decisions, would probably be preserved in some public archive, but they would be quite scattered and difficult to bring together. So I found myself not only acquiring records to preserve them for future, as well as current, research but also looking on the task as one of assembling and organizing records for use by later historians, as well as myself. Here I wish to describe the kinds of evidence assembled for that one area of research in public affairs and to argue that special efforts to apply similar strategies in other areas are needed if future historians are to tackle many policy questions. Several preliminary observations are in order.
New Resonances in Four-Wave Mixing Due to Velocity- Changing Collisions

Effects of velocity-changing collisions (VCC’s) between the active atoms of a vapor and heavy perturber atoms of a foreign gas, on four-wave mixing (FWM) in the vapor have been studied in the past. VCC’s are known to give rise to such interesting effects as subnatural1 narrowing and motional2 narrowing of resonances and enhancement3,4 of signals in FWM. Effects of VCC’s in the presence of a saturating pump have also been studied4 in two-level atomic vapors. The works dealing with multilevel atomic systems that model the atoms of the vapor as three-level systems of V or A configuration are, however, restricted either to the limit of nonsaturating5 pump and probe fields or to the degenerate3 case when the frequencies of the pump and probe fields are equal.
PROPAGATION OF WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN MICE FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR AND INTRANASAL INOCULATION.

SummaryA non-neuro-adapted WEE virus was demonstrated in the blood, brain, kidney, lung, pancreas and throat swab specimens of mice following intramuscular inoculation. The viremic phase ordinarily lasted from days 1 through 4. The virus was found in the brains of nearly all of the mice at 7 and 10 days after inoculation. The attenuated variant of the WEE virus infected mice when inoculated intranasally. The virus was demonstrated in the blood of all mice tested on days 1 through 4. At 7 and 10 days after inoculation the virus was occasionally found in the brain. The distribution of WEE virus in the organs of experimentally infected mice is consistent with the hypothesis that arthropod transmission may not be essential for the maintenance of the virus in rodent populations.The author wishes to express his appreciation to Mr. James Woodie for doing the fluorescent antibody studies.
Nerve growth factor receptor expression in fetal, mature, and diseased human kidneys.

Background Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been proposed to be critical to normal renal development in rodents. However, little is known about expression of NGF or its receptors in human kidneys, or their potential function in development or disease. Experimental design A previously characterized monoclonal antibody (NGFR 5) was utilized for immunohistochemical localization of the p75 NGF receptor (NGFR) in alcohol-fixed tissue sections of human fetal kidney (N = 27, 54 to 105 days gestation), normal mature kidney obtained from nephrectomies for neoplasia (N = 7), and renal biopsies (N = 54) with various glomerulopathies previously characterized for degree of mesangial alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SM) expression. A second monoclonal antibody (NGFR2) was also utilized on fetal and normal kidney. Immunohistochemical localization of alpha SM and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was also performed. Results Glomerular expression of NGFR in the fetus is limited to the mesangium in later stages of glomerulogenesis; at these stages this expression is similar to that which has been previously reported for platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta and alpha SM. There is focal, weak persistence of NGFR in normal adult glomeruli, similar to alpha SM. In renal biopsies, glomerular NGFR expression was upregulated in a variety of disease states, which frequently but not invariably correlated with alpha SM expression. Fetal and adult expression of NGFR is also prominent in periarterial connective tissue cells and nerve. Apparent de novo expression by many interstitial cells in normal and diseased adult kidneys is also present. Conclusions These studies indicate: (a) NGF or other neurotrophins that bind NGFR may be important in human kidney development and glomerular response to injury; (b) NGFR is a marker of developing mesangial cells similar to alpha SM and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta; (c) enhanced expression of NGFR, like alpha SM, is a marker of mesangial cell injury or activation, and that their coordinate upregulation in some glomerular disease states appears to recapitulate a normal developmental state; (d) a population of NGFR and platelet-derived growth factor-beta expressing interstitial cells can be identified in normal kidneys, which suggests potential signaling mechanisms to recruit or activate these cells at sites of tubulointerstitial injury.
Neuronal discharges of the rat auditory cortex during intracortical electrical stimulation

The unit activity of the auditory cortex and the neuronal interaction were studied in anesthesized Wistar rats. The unit response to sound stimuli mostly consisted of the initial response and afterdischarges. Electrical microstimulation obviously induced changes in the afterdischarges. The latter reflected a neuronal interaction as well.
Mobile Unit/OB Van

A mobile unit, often referred to as a remote truck or outside broadcast (OB) van is a mobile television control room. Mobile units come equipped with a video switcher, intercom, graphics, audio, record/playback decks, and all the engineering equipment required to maintain a quality signal.
Responsibility to Society

I distrust the phrase ‘responsibility to society’ because it suggests that society expects certain things of us; or of me.
The Role of Policy in Reducing Inflammation

Obesity continues to be a major public health problem affecting approximately 33 % of adults and approximately 20 % of children in the USA (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/. Accessed on 31 Oct 2013). The obesity prevalence within minority subgroups of the population is significantly higher (CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/. Accessed on 31 Oct 2013); differences in dietary and physical activity behaviors likely underpin these disparities (Larson and Story, Ann Behav Med 38:S56–S73, 2009; Story et al., Annu Rev Public Health 29:253–272, 2008). Inflammation occurs because of some combination of genetics and behavior and is often linked with obesity. To address this problem, focused prevention efforts among adults and children is a key strategy (Committee on Prevention of Obesity in Children and Youth, Food and Nutrition Board. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004; Larson and Story, Ann Behav Med 38:S56–S73, 2009; Story et al., Annu Rev Public Health 29:253–272, 2008). Yet, solely relying on individual-level strategies to change inflammation, obesity, and associated behaviors is not sufficient; creating supportive environments for behavior change is also needed (Affenito et al., J Obes 2012:150732, 2012; Hafekost et al., BMC Med 11:41, 2013; Kahn et al., Am J Prev Med 22(4 Suppl):73–107, 2002; Larson and Story, Ann Behav Med 38:S56–S73, 2009; Story et al., Annu Rev Public Health 29:253–272, 2008; Mitchell et al., Psychiatr Clin North Am 34(4):717–732, 2011).
A tunable hybrid laser with ultra-high tuning efficiency

We demonstrate a novel hybrid microring laser with an integrated III-V-on-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor for essentially zero-power tuning in wavelength and output power. Over 10,000,000X better tuning efficiency and chirp-free operation have been achieved.
Detecting Communities in Biological Bipartite Networks

Methods to uncover and extract community structures are required in a number of biological applications where networked data and their interactions can be modeled as graphs, and observing tightly-knit groups of vertices ("communities") can offer insights into the structural and functional building blocks of the underlying network. While classical applications of community detection have focused largely on detecting molecular complexes from protein-protein networks and other similar graphs, there is an increasing need for extending the community detection operation to work for heterogeneous data sets --- i.e., networks built out of multiple types of data. In this paper, we address the problem of identifying communities from biological bipartite networks --- networks where interactions are observed between two different types of vertices (e.g., genes and diseases, drugs and protein complexes, plants and pollinators). Toward detecting communities in such bipartite networks, we make the following contributions: i) we define a variant of the bipartite modularity function defined by Murata to overcome one of its limitations; ii) we present an algorithm (biLouvain), building on an efficient heuristic that was originally developed for unipartite networks; and iii) we present a thorough experimental evaluation of our algorithm compared to other state-of-the-art methods to identify communities on bipartite networks. Experimental results show that our biLouvain algorithm identifies communities that have a comparable or better quality (bipartite modularity) than existing methods, while significantly reducing the time-to-solution between one and three orders of magnitude.
On poetry, pragmatism and the urban possibility of creative democracy

ABSTRACTDemocracy everywhere is under siege, overwhelmed by oligarchy, apathy, bureaucracy, and spectacle, at best an ideal that has never been achieved. Yet against the dystopian vision of post-democracy and the post-political is what John Dewey, more than a half-century ago, called “creative democracy,” a moral practice of radical equality in the pragmatic, collective project of hammering out answers to the question of how we should live. This article explores Dewey’s concept of creative democracy as a moral idea, a personal ethic, a collective commitment, and a precondition for political practice. Establishing the conditions for creative democracy requires a significant reconsideration of the education of democratically competent citizens and of the democratic practice of research and knowledge production. Creative democracy is a poetic project, an imaginative opening, an ethical possibility, a shared responsibility, and a practice of hope that opens a path to achieving a better kind of life to be lived.
Source-informed segmentation: Towards capturing the dynamics of brain functional networks through EEG

In this paper, we propose a data-driven framework to objectively evaluate the dynamics of brain functional connectivity, during task execution, from electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. The proposed framework consists of two main steps: first, EEG recordings, in the sensor space, are segmented into intervals during which the spatial distribution of functionally connected networks, in the source space, stays quasi-stationary. This “source-informed segmentation” is achieved through statistically assessing the temporal variation in the dominant left singular subspace of the EEG recordings matrix. Second, recordings within each identified segment are transformed into the source space, where networks of functionally connected cortical points are localized based on their correlation to a common dominant right singular vector of the source data matrix. The proposed framework is capable of identifying multiple networks of functionally connected cortical points, per segment, with each network corresponding to an orthogonal time-course of estimated neuronal activity. Theoretical derivations are presented. The proposed framework is also used to examine the dynamics of networks of functionally connected cortical points during the execution of a visual oddball task, and results are discussed.
Globular Glial Tauopathy Presenting as Semantic Variant PPA (P6.226)

Objective: To describe globular glial tauopathy as the pathologic substrate in a case of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). Background: svPPA is most often due to TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) or Pick’s disease pathology. Methods: We report the clinical, neuropsychometric, imaging, and pathologic features of a svPPA case followed for 15 years at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Results: A 62 year old woman was referred to the Behavioral Neurology Clinic for “memory loss” characterized by difficulty remembering names. Longitudinal evaluations revealed progressive anomia with loss of word knowledge, prosopagnosia, and surface dyslexia. Her husband presented evidence of impaired object knowledge, for example, she would frequently use the incorrect silverware (e.g. fork with soup) and was noted to have used toothpaste instead of hand lotion. In her 70’s, despite her continued deterioration in most cognitive aspects, she expanded her painting artistry. Longitudinal imaging showed progressive left greater than right anterior temporal atrophy. Despite the typical clinical course, the patient was shown to have a globular glial tauopathy at autopsy. Conclusions: These findings expand the pathologic causes of semantic variant PPA to include globular glial tauopathy. Study supported by: NIH: P50 AG16574 Disclosure: Dr. Graff-Radford has nothing to disclose. Dr. Josephs has nothing to disclose. Dr. Parisi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dickson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Giannini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boeve has received personal compensation for activities with Isis Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Boeve has received research support from GE Healthcare and FORUM Pharmaceuticals.
Food Waste and Reverse Supply Chains: Implications for Teaching Sustainability Awareness in Business Schools: An Abstract

Business schools worldwide are devoting increased attention to strengthening the awareness levels of the importance of sustainability in business strategy development and execution. AACSB requires evidence of continuous quality enhancement in the business curriculum through engagement, innovation, and impact. Sustainability is one of the focal points of concern as they shape the preparedness of business students to impact future business decision-making. This paper is one response to developing credible pedagogical options to inculcating the sustainability mind-set in business students.
Inter-joint coordination of kinematics and kinetics before and after total hip arthroplasty compared to asymptomatic subjects.

Abstract While differences in joint kinematics and kinetics between control subjects and patients before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has often been studied, inter-joint coordination has not been fully characterized. We hypothesized that in patients undergoing THA, inter-joint coordination (i) is different from control subjects before surgery, (ii) changes from pre-operative to post-operative, and (iii) remains different from control subjects after surgery. Seventy-eight subjects underwent gait analysis before and ∼1 year after primary unilateral THA. 109 control subjects were age, sex, and BMI matched to the THA group. We selected a representative trial at each subjects’ self-selected walking speed from a motion analysis data repository. To assess kinematic coordination, we constructed sagittal plane hip-knee angle cyclograms, and calculated total, stance, and swing phase plot area (deg2). To assess kinetic coordination, we calculated the support moment (MS, %wt ∗ ht), the time-integral of support moment (MS impulse, %wt ∗ ht ∗ t), and the relative contribution of each joint to MS impulse (%Hip, %Knee, %Ankle). We used t-tests to compare groups. Total and swing-phase cyclogram area was smaller preoperatively, but improved to control values after THA. Swing-phase area was smaller than control values after THA. MS impulse was larger in THA subjects than controls both before and after surgery. While, the relative contribution of the hip to MS impulse was not different from control values, the contributions of the knee and ankle were smaller. Inter-joint coordination, as measured by hip-knee angle cyclograms and MS impulse, may be used to distinguish differences in gait mechanics between osteoarthritis and THA. Future work focusing on coordination among joints may be needed to fully restore gait function.
Perioperative Net Fluid Balance Predicts Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between perioperative fluid administration and the development of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Retrospectively, we analyzed fluid balance over the first 72 h in 104 consecutive patients who underwent PD between 2013 and 2017. Patients were categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high) by net fluid balance. POPF was identified in 17.3% of patients (n = 18). No significant demographic differences were identified among tertiles. Similarly, there were no differences in ASA, smoking status, hemoglobin A1C, pathologic findings, operative time, blood loss, intraoperative fluid administration, use of pancreatic stents, use of epidurals, or postoperative lactate. Patients with high 72-h net fluid balance had significantly increased rates of POPF compared with those in the medium and low tertiles (31.4% vs. 11.4% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, increasing net fluid balance remained associated with CR-POPF (OR 1.26, CI 1.03–1.55, p = 0.03). High net 72-h fluid balance is an independent predictor of POPF after PD. Given ongoing efforts to minimize PD morbidity, net fluid balance may represent a clinical predictor and, possibly, a modifiable target for prevention of POPF.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between intravenous 2',3'-dideoxyinosine and pentamidine in rats.

Purpose. This study examined the pharmacokinetic interaction between 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddl) and pentamidine.
Complications in patients with unilateral breast cancer who undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy versus unilateral mastectomy.

Abstract Background The rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy has been increasing among patients with unilateral breast cancer. There remains a paucity of data regarding the impact of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy on duration of stay and complications requiring reoperation within 90 days of operation. Methods We reviewed the medical records of female unilateral breast cancer patients who underwent a mastectomy at a large academic institution between July 2013 and July 2016 to determine the effect of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy on complications and hospital stay. Results A total of 471 patients were included in this cohort, 276 (58.6%) of whom had contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. The median patient age was 52 years (range 22–90) and median tumor size was 1.1 cm (range 0–14.6 cm). There were 52 patients (11.0%) who had complications resulting in reoperation within 90 days, including 18 instances of bleeding complications (3.8%), 9 infections (1.9%), 18 thrombosis/necrosis of flaps (3.8%), 17 skin breakdown/wound complications (3.6%), 2 seromas (0.4%), and 2 implant ruptures (0.4%). The reoperation rate did not differ between patients undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and those who opted for unilateral mastectomy (11.2% vs 10.8%, respectively; P = .99). Median duration of hospital stay for the overall cohort was 2 days. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy was associated with a greater hospital stay than unilateral mastectomy (median 3 vs 2 days; P Conclusion Compared to unilateral mastectomy, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy was associated with an increased hospital stays but not a greater 90-day reoperation rate for complications.
Differences in Stigma and Attitudes Toward Counseling Between College Student-Athletes and Nonathletes

Researchers have inconsistently found differences between student-athletes and nonathletes regarding levels of stigma and attitudes toward counseling. One limitation of previous comparison studies ...
Sourcing stereotypes: constructing and challenging simplified knowledge

The social media uproar in Fall 2017 over a nursing textbook chart that presented generalised characterisations of minority groups generated an assumption that medical training needs more Religious...
Mary Daly’s The Church and the Second Sex after Fifty Years of US Catholic Feminist Theology:

In 1968, Mary Daly published The Church and the Second Sex, one of the first monographs in the field of Catholic feminist theology. On the fiftieth anniversary of its release, this article remember...
Anti-Xa guided enoxaparin dose adjustment improves pharmacologic deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in burn patients

Abstract Introduction Patients recovering from burn injury are at high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While 30-mg twice-daily enoxaparin is accepted as the standard prophylactic dose, recent evidence in injured patients suggests this dosing strategy may result in sub-optimal pharmacologic DVT prophylaxis. We hypothesized that standard enoxaparin dosing would result in inadequate DVT prophylaxis in burn patients. Methods A retrospective review of an ABA-verified Burn center’s registry from January 2012 — December 2016 identified patients with peak plasma anti-Xa levels to monitor the efficacy of pharmacologic DVT prophylaxis. Patients ≥18 years old were included if they received at least 3 doses of enoxaparin and had appropriately timed peak anti-Xa levels. We analyzed data including patient demographics, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and total body surface area burn (TBSA). Diagnosis of DVT was collected. Results During the study period, 393 patients were screened with a plasma anti-Xa levels. Of the 157 patients that met inclusion criteria, 81 (51.6%) achieved target peak plasma anti-Xa levels (0.2–0.4 IU/mL) on standard 30-mg twice-daily prophylactic enoxaparin and 76 (48.4%) had sub-prophylactic levels. Sub-prophylactic patients were more likely to be male, have increased body weight and elevated BMI. 49 of the 76 sub-prophylactic patients received a dose-adjustment in order to reach target anti-Xa levels; 37 patients required 40 mg twice-daily, 10 required 50 mg twice-daily and 2 required 60 mg twice-daily. The overall DVT rate was 3.8%. Conclusions The current recommended prophylactic dose of 30-mg twice-daily enoxaparin is inadequate in many burn patients. Alternate dosing strategies should be considered to increase the number of burn patients achieving target prophylactic anti-Xa levels. Determining whether prophylactic enoxaparin dose adjustment decreases DVT rates in burn injured patients should be evaluated in future prospective trials.
§ 8:91 Public records—Forensic laboratory reports

This article discusses the admissibility of forensic reports under Federal Rule of Evidence 803(8) and under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution. It analyzes whether they are "testimonial" for the purpose of the Crawford doctrine and when the analyst must be produced to be cross-examined. It also discusses who from the forensic laboratory must be called to admit a forensic report. It discusses the constitutional requirements set forth in Crawford v. Washington, Bullcoming v. New Mexico, and Williams v. Illinois.
Unifying academic research and writing services: Student perspectives on a combined service model

Abstract Research and Writing tutoring frequently occur as separate activities, even in academic libraries which provide shared spaces for these activities. The authors' library experimented with co-staffing these services and providing students with options for shared consultations covering both writing and research in the same session. This article presents findings from a year-long study which surveyed students to determine learning outcomes and overall satisfaction with this shared service model. The article presents an original approach to service analysis, as most studies to-date focus on service provider feedback, rather than student assessment of service quality. Results from the survey, while indicating high levels of satisfaction, suggest that an even tighter integration of services is needed, with more cross-training on the jargon and approaches of each discipline.
In vivo human brain expression of histone deacetylases in bipolar disorder

The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is unknown and the neurobiological underpinnings are not fully understood. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk of BD, which may be linked through epigenetic mechanisms, including those regulated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. This study measures in vivo HDAC expression in individuals with BD for the first time using the HDAC-specific radiotracer [11C]Martinostat. Eleven participants with BD and 11 age- and sex-matched control participants (CON) completed a simultaneous magnetic resonance – positron emission tomography (MR-PET) scan with [11C]Martinostat. Lower [11C]Martinostat uptake was found in the right amygdala of BD compared to CON. We assessed uptake in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to compare previous findings of lower uptake in the DLPFC in schizophrenia and found no group differences in BD. Exploratory whole-brain voxelwise analysis showed lower [11C]Martinostat uptake in the bilateral thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, right hippocampus, and right amygdala in BD compared to CON. Furthermore, regional [11C]Martinostat uptake was associated with emotion regulation in BD in fronto-limbic areas, which aligns with findings from previous structural, functional, and molecular neuroimaging studies in BD. Regional [11C]Martinostat uptake was associated with attention in BD in fronto-parietal and temporal regions. These findings indicate a potential role of HDACs in BD pathophysiology. In particular, HDAC expression levels may modulate attention and emotion regulation, which represent two core clinical features of BD.
Generalized Verbal Behavior Increases Following a Speaker Immersion Intervention

A goal of behavior-analytic interventions is to produce behavior that is maintained under naturalistic conditions. In this experiment, we studied the effects of a speaker immersion protocol (SIP) on the number of speaker responses (tacts and mands) emitted by 3 preschool students under naturalistic, not directly targeted, conditions. During the SIP, the researchers provided 100 daily opportunities for the participants to emit mands using the target mand form by contriving establishing operations (EOs) throughout the school day. The effects of the intervention were evaluated using a multiple-probe design by measuring target mands during EO probe sessions and the number of mands and tacts emitted during noninstructional-setting probe sessions. The researchers found that the SIP produced increases in both targeted and generalized verbal behavior.
Bringing the Future Into Focus: Benefits and Challenges of High-Resolution Global Climate Change Simulations

Future climate projections made with high-resolution climate models carry the promise of bridging the gap between weather and climate scales, but the scientific and technical hurdles remain daunting. New simulations carried out on Frontera by a team of climate scientists and software engineers are yielding novel insights into how anthropogenic climate change will impact weather extremes at regional scales over the course of the twenty-first century.
Single nuclei transcriptome of the Lesser Duckweed Lemna minuta reveals cell trajectories for an entire plant

The ability to trace every cell in some model organisms has led to the fundamental understanding of development and cellular function. However, in plants the complexity of cell number, organ size and developmental times makes this a challenge even in the diminutive model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we develop the Lesser Duckweed Lemna minuta as a model with a reduced body plan, small genome size and clonal growth pattern that enables simultaneous tracing of cells from the entire plant over the complete developmental cycle. We generated a chromosome-resolved genome for the 360 megabase genome and defined the growth trajectory of the entire plant with single nuclei RNA sequencing. The L. minuta gene complement represents a primarily non-redundant set with only the ancient tau whole genome duplication shared with all monocots, and paralog expansion as a result of tandem duplications related to phytoremediation. Thirteen distinct cell types representing meristem, the leaf-stem fusion called a frond, and root-like tissues were defined using gene orthology with single cell expression from model plants, gene ontology categories, and cell trajectory analysis. Dividing meristem cells give rise to two main branches of root-transition and mesophyll cells, which then give rise to terminally differentiated parenchyma, epidermal and root cells. Mesophyll tissues express high levels of elemental transport genes consistent with this tissue playing a role in L. minuta wastewater detoxification. The L. minuta genome and cell map provide a paradigm to decipher developmental genes and pathways for an entire plant.
The Life and Times of Boyd v United States (1886-1976)

In Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616 (1886), the Supreme Court held that the fourth and fifth amendments create a zone of privacy encompassing an individual's person and property. The government, according to Boyd, cannot enter this zone, either by compelling an individual to testify against himself or by subpoenaing or seizing his books and papers for use as evidence against him in a criminal or quasi-criminal proceeding. The Court found an “intimate relation” between the two amendments such that the search and seizure of books and papers may be “unreasonable” even if conducted pursuant to a court order. Over time, both societal and judicial notions of property and privacy have changed dramatically. In addition, varying public reactions to the problem of crime in the United States have been paralleled by shifting judicial views on the limitations on the government’s constitutional power to apprehend and prosecute criminal suspects. These trends have been reflected in the gradual erosion of the “intimate relation” doctrine and the elimination of the protection that Boyd afforded to individual liberty. During the October Term, 1975, the Supreme Court accelerated this process when it all but overruled that landmark decision. This Note will trace these trends and examine the demise of Boyd.
Rates of Assessment of Social Media Use in Psychiatric Interviews Prior to and During COVID-19: Needs Assessment Survey

Background: Current research suggests that there is a nuanced relationship between mental well-being and social media. Social media offers opportunities for empowerment, information, and connection while also showing links with depression, high-risk behavior, and harassment. As this medium rapidly integrates into interpersonal interactions, incorporation of social media assessment into the psychiatric evaluation warrants attention. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures (ie, social distancing) led to increased dependence on social media, allowing an opportunity to assess the adaptation of psychiatric interviews in response to sociocultural changes. Objective: The first aim of this study was to evaluate if general psychiatry residents and child and adolescent psychiatry fellows assessed social media use as part of the clinical interview. Second, the study examined whether changes were made to the social media assessment in response to known increase of social media use secondary to social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: As part of a quality improvement project, the authors surveyed general psychiatry residents and child psychiatry fellows in a university-based training program (n=21) about their assessment of social media use in patient evaluations. Soon after the survey closed, “stay-at-home” orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic began. A subsequent survey was sent out with the same questions to evaluate if residents and fellows altered their interview practices in response to the dramatic sociocultural changes (n=20). Results: Pre-COVID-19 pandemic survey results found that 10% (2/21) of respondents incorporated social media questions in patient evaluations. In a follow-up survey after the onset of the pandemic, 20% (4/20) of respondents included any assessment of social media use. Among the 15 participants who completed both surveys, there was a nonsignificant increase in the likelihood of asking about social media use (2/15, 13% vs 4/15, 27%, for pre- and during COVID-19, respectively; McNemar χ21=0.25, P=.617, Cohen d=0.33). Conclusions: These small survey results raise important questions relevant to the training of residents and fellows in psychiatry. The findings suggest that the assessment of social media use is a neglected component of the psychiatric interview by trainees. The burgeoning use and diversity of social media engagement warrant scrutiny with respect to how this is addressed in interview training. Additionally, given minimal adaptation of the interview in the midst of a pandemic, these findings imply an opportunity for improving psychiatric training that incorporates adapting clinical interviews to sociocultural change.
The Application of The Skin Virome for Human Identification

The use of skin virome for human identification purposes offers a unique approach to instances where a viable and statistically relevant human DNA profile is unavailable. The human skin virome may act as an alternative DNA profile and/or an additional form of probative genetic material. To date, no study has attempted to investigate the human virome over a time series across various physical locations of the body to identify its potential as a tool for human identification. For this study, we set out to evaluate the stability, diversity, and individualization of the human skin virome. An additional goal was to identify viral signatures that can be used in conjunction with traditional forensic STR loci. In order to accomplish this, human virome metagenomes were collected and sequenced from 42 individuals at three anatomical locations (left hand, right hand, and scalp) across multiple collections periods over a 6-month window of time. Assembly dependent and independent bioinformatic approaches were employed, along with a database-based assessment, which resulted in three sets of stable putative viral markers. In total, with the three sets combined, 59 viral species and uncharacterized viral genome assemblies were identified as being significantly stable (P=5.3x10-15). Viral diversity, based on presence or absence, is significantly different across subjects (P<0.001). Here we demonstrate that not only is the human virome applicable to be used for human identification, but we have identified many viral signatures that can be used for forensic applications, thus providing a foundation to the novel field of forensic virology. HighlightsO_LIHere we provide the largest human skin virome study, to date. Our study revealed novel diversity findings of high abundance for certain viral taxa, for example, the Cress-like DNA phages, that have not previously been characterized in human skin viral ecology studies. C_LIO_LIThere were 59 putative human skin viral biomarkers suitable for human identification from the core stable human skin virome of 42 subjects. C_LIO_LIThe putative markers we identified were significantly stable over a 6-month period of time within individuals and across three autosomal locations of left hand, right hand, and scalp. C_LIO_LIDiversity of profiles, based on the presence and absence of our putative marker data set, were significantly different across test subjects. C_LI
Instability results for transonic flows past airfoils

In this short note we present an instability result for transonic flows with respect to perturbations of the Mach number at infinity. More specifically we show that a perturbation of a transonic solution in the context of a Cauchy problem for the 2-dimensional steady, isentropic and irrotational Euler equations, which is a solution that solves an elliptic equation in certain parts of its domain and a hyperbolic equation in other parts, can only take place in the analytic category if the elliptic part of the domain is affected.
Prevention of Glomerular Damage with Pharmacologic Agents

Histopathologic lesions in the glomerulus may result in increased protein excretion and/or a reduction in glomerular filtration rate, depending on the type and severity of the pattern of injury. In the absence of necrosis and replacement of normal structure with sclerosis it is usually assumed that there is a potential for reversibility. During the past 30 years a variety of pharmacologic agents have been employed clinically in the hope of hastening recovery by inducing resolution of the injury reaction or preventing progressive glomerular sclerosis with further decline in renal function. Since most forms of acquired glomerulopathy are presumably due to immunologic processes, therapeutic modalities have often been employed on the basis of their known or assumed action to alter immunologic responses, or their action to reduce inflammation or inhibit intravascular clotting. Despite this long experience, however, the pharmacologic basis for treating various patterns of glomerular injury remains empirical. Selection of individual pharmacologic agents for their effect on reversing or stabilizing different types of glomerular lesions is usually based on empirical clinical evidence that the cause of changes in renal function of treated patients is or is not more favorable than observed in nontreated patients. In some instances serial renal biopsies have been performed that provide information on changes in the underlying renal histopathologic lesion during the course of treatment.
Providing Employment Assistance to Students: The Role of Social Work Education

Abstract This paper reports the results of a national survey of 130 graduate and undergraduate social work programs that was designed to learn what schools are doing to help students locate and secure employment after graduation. Less than half (43%) of the responding schools indicated that they have a formal program of employment assistance services. Size of student enrollment and size of faculty were the only factors that differentiated schools that offer employment assistance services from those that do not. The study's implications for social work education are discussed, and an employment assistance program model is presented.
Exercise and glucocorticoid-induced diaphragmatic myopathy.

We tested the hypothesis that a chronically active muscle, such as the rat diaphragm, would be more resistant to glucocorticoid-induced myopathy than a less active locomotor skeletal muscle (planta...
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide controls pathogen load and brain damage by enhancing phagocytosis of Escherichia coli K1 in neonatal meningitis.

Escherichia coli K1 is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis in humans. In this study, we sought to determine the pathophysiologic relevance of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) in experimental E. coli K1 meningitis. By using a newborn mouse model of meningitis, we demonstrate that E. coli infection triggered the expression of iNOS in the brains of mice. Additionally, iNOS−/− mice were resistant to E. coli K1 infection, displaying normal brain histology, no bacteremia, no disruption of the blood–brain barrier, and reduced inflammatory response. Treatment with an iNOS specific inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), of wild-type animals before infection prevented the development of bacteremia and the occurrence of meningitis. The infected animals treated with AG after the development of bacteremia also completely cleared the pathogen from circulation and prevented brain damage. Histopathological and micro-CT analysis of brains revealed significant damage in E. coli K1–infected mice, which was completely abrogated by AG administration. Peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from iNOS−/− mice or pretreated with AG demonstrated enhanced uptake and killing of the bacteria compared with macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from wild-type mice in which E. coli K1 survive and multiply. Thus, NO produced by iNOS may be beneficial for E. coli to survive inside the macrophages, and prevention of iNOS could be a therapeutic strategy to treat neonatal E. coli meningitis.
Qualitative research in child care

This article argues for the use of qualitative methods in child care research. These methods tend to result in studies which make sense and are useful to practitioners, and they have the potential for involving more child care professionals in research. It is suggested that the researcher must consider the demands of the question as well as one's own beliefs, work habits, and expertise when selecting a methodological strategy.
Pathway-directed weighted testing procedures for the integrative analysis of gene expression and metabolomic data

We explore the utility of p-value weighting for enhancing the power to detect differential metabolites in a two-sample setting. Related gene expression information is used to assign an a priori importance level to each metabolite being tested. We map the gene expression to a metabolite through pathways and then gene expression information is summarized per-pathway using gene set enrichment tests. Through simulation we explore four styles of enrichment tests and four weight functions to convert the gene information into a meaningful p-value weight. We implement the p-value weighting on a prostate cancer metabolomic dataset. Gene expression on matched samples is used to construct the weights. Under certain regulatory conditions, the use of weighted p-values does not inflate the type I error above what we see for the un-weighted tests except in high correlation situations. The power to detect differential metabolites is notably increased in situations with disjoint pathways and shows moderate improvement, relative to the proportion of enriched pathways, when pathway membership overlaps.
Kinetic Differences in the Phospholamban-Regulated Calcium Pump When Studied in Crude and Purified Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles

Phospholamban (PLN) phosphorylation contributes largely to the inotropic and lusitropic effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on the heart. The mechanical effects of PLN phosphorylation on the heart are generally attributed solely to an increase in the apparent affinity of the Ca pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes for Ca2+ with little or no effect on V max(Ca). In the present report, we compare the kinetic properties of the cardiac SR Ca pump in commonly studied crude microsomes with those of our recently developed preparation of light SR vesicles. We demonstrate that in crude microsomes, the increase in the apparent affinity of the pump for Ca2+ is larger, while the increase in V max(Ca) is smaller, than in purified vesicles. The greater phosphorylation-induced increase in apparent Ca2+ affinity in crude microsomes may be further enhanced by an ATP-sensitive inhibitory effect of ruthenium red on the activity of the pump at subsaturating, but not saturating, Ca2+ concentrations as a result of a greater inhibition in unphosphorylated microsomes. Upon increasing the ATP concentration from 1 to 5 mm, an inhibition by 10 μm ruthenium red is eliminated in phosphorylated microsomes and reduced in control microsomes. Addition of the phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid produces a considerable increase in the phosphorylation-induced effects in both crude and purified microsomes. We conclude that the use of purified cardiac SR vesicles is critical for the demonstration of a major increase in V max(Ca) in addition to an increase in the pump's apparent affinity for Ca2+ in response to phosphorylation of PLN by protein kinase A.