cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a frequency selective structure with inhomogeneous substrates as a thermophotovoltaic filter

In this paper, the design of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) filter with high-pass characteristics is presented. The filter is in the form of a frequency selective structure (FSS) with cascaded inhomogeneous dielectric substrates. The goal is to allow for more design flexibility using dielectric periodic structures to deliver a sharper filter response. Therefore, the primary focus is to design a periodic material substrate composition (supporting FSS elements) using a topology optimization technique known as the density method. The design problem is formulated as a general nonlinear optimization problem and sequential linear programming is used to solve the optimization problem with the sensitivity analysis based on the adjoint variable method for complex variables. A key aspect of the proposed design method is the integration of optimization tools with a fast simulator based on the finite element-boundary integral method. The capability of the design method is demonstrated by designing the material distribution for a TPV filter subject to pre-specified bandwidth and compactness criteria.
Bulk Transfer Capacity Estimation in IPv6 Networks

Bulk Transfer Capacity (BTC) is a measure of the sustainable data throughput on a network path that is subject to congestion control algorithms, such as those used by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). BTC is an important network performance metric because the vast majority of all traffic, typically around 95% of all packets, is conveyed by TCP. The performance of many Internet-based services is thus largely dependant on the BTC of the underlying network path. This paper proposes a novel tool, ReturnFlow6, for estimating the BTC of an IPv6 network path, conducted from a single point to a noninstrumented target. In order to verify the realistic operation of ReturnFlow6, a series of BTC measurements are conducted on a test network and a ?live? Intranet. The results are presented, analyzed and compared against the output of BTC estimation techniques for IPv4, permitting the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach to be established.
Communicating correlated sources over interference channels: The lossy case

In this paper, we consider lossy transmission of two correlated sources over a two-user discrete memoryless interference channel (DMIC). An achievable distortion region is obtained and it is shown that it includes Salehi and Kurtas's result [1] on lossless transmission of correlated sources over a DMIC as a special case. Sending correlated Gaussian sources over a Gaussian interference channel is also studied, and several achievable schemes as well as lower bounds are proposed.
Pulmonary Hemorrhage Secondary to Chest Tube Placement for Pneumothorax in Neonates

We report two neonates in whom placement of a chest tube for pneumo thorax was followed by hemorrhage, shock, and subsequent death. An autopsy of one of the patients led us to the conclusion that bleeding had occurred from lung perforation. The intercostal artery had been clearly severed and may have contributed to the hemorrhage. We discuss pathogenesis, diagnosis, and offer suggestions for proper placement of the tube.
Ion-dependent hydration and transparency of the corneal stroma, a polyelectrolyte biogel

The cornea is the clear outer window of the eye, composed primarily of dense regular connective tissue called the stroma. The tissue is composed of 70% water and parallel collagen fibrils surrounded by proteoglycans containing high concentrations of acidic and neutral glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and contains ∼2 - 10% cells by volume. When the surface membranes covering the stroma are damaged by injury or disease, the stroma swells due to the hydrophilic nature of the polysaccharides. At the same time, swelling spreads the collagen fibrils apart and the tissue loses transparency. We investigated the role of different salts in modifying swelling behavior and transparency loss. In saline (148 mM NaCI) solution, hydration increases as a multi exponential function of time: Initially the stroma gains hydration at a fast rate, then slows down. In the presence of divalent cations, swelling behavior significantly decreased, and the effect was weakly anion-dependent. Under imposed stromal swelling pressures, Ca ++ and Mg ++ inhibited hydration equally, and their effects were additive, indicating that they work by similar mechanisms. They were also concentration-dependent, with no apparent ceiling to the effect within normal biological ionic strengths. As stated above, Mg ++ and Ca ++ both dehydrate stromas and decrease swelling rates compared to saline, and as a stroma hydrates, it loses transparency: visible spectrophotometry of stromas bathed in NaCl lose transparency faster than those bathed in MgSO 4 , because MgSO 4 solutions hydrate stromas slower. Stromas bathed in Ca ++ hydrated slower than those bathed in NaCI, but interestingly, high (49 - 148 mM) concentrations of Ca ++ caused transparency loss almost instantly. In hyaluronin (a collagen fibril-free polyanionic biogel). when similar concentrations of Ca ++ were added, transparency also decreased. Our conclusion is that the dehydrating effects of Mg ++ and low concentrations of Ca ++ are due to shielding of electrostatic repulsion between anionic GAGs. The higher concentrations of Ca ++ dehydrate by a combination of covalent binding to (precipitating) GAGs and/or shielding their electrostatic repulsions, and scatter light by precipitating GAGs and disrupting collagen fibril order. These techniques and ionic probes are useful for studying the structure and function of polyionic hydrogels and may be useful for modifying the materials properties of biological and synthetic gels.
The Brookhaven AGS Radiation Monitoring Systems

The characteristics of a radiation monitoring system utilizing an integrating ionization chamber as the detector and its application to a variety of roles in a large accelerator complex is detailed.
Eating Disorders Among Children and Adolescents

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa represent extreme manifestations of weight control patterns in adolescents. When they occur in children, they often are associated with more severe psychiatric or family dysfunction. However, rather than framing these conditions as purely psychiatric problems, it is more useful to approach them in terms of development. Then, the pediatrician can be positioned to address the various biologic, psychological, and social issues presenting in the individual. Furthermore, the pediatrician already is familiar with the principles of managing chronic illnesses, and eating disorders frequently require months to years of treatment. Finally, for each patient in a pediatrician's practice who has an eating disorder, several other patients will develop unhealthy habits with respect to eating, food choices, and weight control. By being familiar with the larger issues associated with weight loss, rather than the more narrow topic of eating disorders, the pediatrician will be able to help all patients remain healthy in a culture of thinness, regardless of their diagnosis.
THE COMMON NOW

It’s time detensers stand up for themselves and challenge the claim that experience favors tenses. After arguing that there is no "experience of the present" as contemporary metaphysicians conceive it, the paper turns to the main topic: explaining why people have the powerful intuition that there is a mind-independent Now and don't believe the same about the spatial Here. The paper offers a new theory explaining this difference. Oddly, given the central role temporal experience plays in philosophy of time, empirical work on time perception is virtually absent from this literature. When this neglect is rectified, one sees resources emerging in recent experiments in cognitive neuroscience and psychology that bear on the problem. If I am right, we already have enough information to fill out significantly the best explanation of the difference between the Here and Now.
Study of Energy Transfer and Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Hole-Transporting Host Materials

A device structure is used in which the hole-transporting layer (HTL) of an OLED is doped with either fluorescent or phosphorescent emitters, that is, anode/HTL-host/hole blocker/electron-transporting layer/cathode. The HTL hosts have higher HOMO energy allowing holes to be transported without being trapped by dopant molecules, avoiding direct recombination on the dopant. The unconventional mismatch of HOMO energies between host and dopant allow for the study of energy transfer in these host/guest systems and triplet exciton diffusion in the HTL-host layers of OLED devices, without the complication of charge trapping at dopants. The host materials examined here are tetraaryl-p-phenylenediamines. Data shows that Forster energy transfer between these hosts and emissive dopant in devices is inefficient. Triplet exciton diffusion in these host materials is closely related to molecular structure and the degree of intermolecular interaction. Host materials that contain naphthyl groups demonstrate longer triplet exciton diffusion lengths than those with phenyl substituents, consistent with DFT calculations and photophysical measurements.
Musically mapped: Czech popular music as a second ‘world sound’:

This article broadly considers the developments and contemporary dynamics within Czech popular music culture since that country’s post-communist transition, specifically exploring the relationships between local musicians, the local music culture industries and the dimensions and operations of the global music industry. The interests and objectives of these entities and the complexities of their interconnectivity is explored, especially as it relates to integrating Czech popular music culture into the global realm, the transnational articulation of cultural identity through popular music and the musical geopolitics surrounding transnational distribution policies and practices. Utilizing ethnographic insights, it seeks to contribute to the understanding of global corporate music production processes and the complexities present at the intersections of corporate and music cultures in historically specific contexts.
Tumor Targeting for Lung Cancer Radiotherapy Using Machine Learning Techniques

Accurate lung tumor targeting in real time plays a fundamental role in image-guide radiotherapy of lung cancers. Precise tumor targeting is required for both respiratory gating and tracking. Gating is considered as the current state of the art for precise lung cancer radiotherapy, which irradiates the tumor when it moves into a predefined gating window. Tracking seems to be a next-generation technique, and it operates in a more aggressive fashion by following the tumor position with radiation beam in real time. Existing methods for gating and tracking often rely on observed motion patterns of external surrogates or implanted fiducial markers. However, external surrogates suffer from certain degrees of inaccuracy, and implanted fiducial markers are in limited uses due to the risk of pneumothorax. Therefore, direct tumor targeting techniques without implanting fiducial markers are desired. Previous studies in fluoroscopic markerless targeting are mainly based on template matching methods, which may fail when tumor boundary is unclear in fluoroscopic images. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of markerless gating and tracking based on machine learning algorithms. Specifically, gating is treated as a two-class classification problem, which is solved by principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN). Further, we formulate the tracking problem as a regression task, which employs the correlation between the tumor position and nearby surrogate anatomic features in the image. Four regression methods were tested in this study: 1-degree and 2-degree linear regression, artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM). Finally, we demonstrate the superb performance of the proposed markerless gating and tracking algorithms on 10 fluoroscopic image sequences of 9 patients. For gating, the target coverage (the precision) ranges from 90% to 99%, with mean of 96.5%. For tracking, the mean localization error is about 2.1 pixels and the maximum error at 95% confidence level is about 4.6 pixels (pixel size is about 0.5 mm).
A PARADOXICAL RELATION BETWEEN ZETA POTENTIAL AND SUSPENSION STABILITY IN S AND R VARIANTS OF INTESTINAL BACTERIA

The relation between electrokinetic potential and suspension stability of four strains of non-flagellate intestinal bacteria has been studied. The smooth forms have ζ-potentials which approximate zero over a wide range of pH and salt concentration, yet nevertheless form stable suspensions. The rough variants have ζ-potentials which vary with pH and electrolyte concentration in the familiar way. The rough forms have values of ζ-potential critical for their suspension stability.
Reliability, synchrony and noise

The brain is noisy. Neurons receive tens of thousands of highly fluctuating inputs and generate spike trains that appear highly irregular. Much of this activity is spontaneous – uncoupled to overt stimuli or motor outputs – leading to questions about the functional impact of this noise. Although noise is most often thought of as disrupting patterned activity and interfering with the encoding of stimuli, recent theoretical and experimental work has shown that noise can play a constructive role – leading to increased reliability or regularity of neuronal firing in single neurons and across populations. These results raise fundamental questions about how noise can influence neural function and computation.
Sizing of DNA fragments by flow cytometry

Individual, stained DNA fragments were sized using a modified flow cytometer with high sensitivity fluorescence detection. The fluorescent intercalating dye ethidium homodimer was used to stain stoichiometrically lambda phage DNA and a Kpn I digest of lambda DNA. Stained, individual fragments of DNA were passed through a low average power, focused, mode-locked laser beam, and the fluorescence from each fragment was collected and quantified. Time-gated detection was used to discriminate against Raman scattering from the water solvent. The fluorescence burst from each fragment was related directly to its length, thus providing a means to size small quantities of kilobase lengths of DNA quickly. Improvements of several orders of magnitude in analysis time and sample size over current gel electrophoresis techniques were realized. Fragments of 17.1, 29.9, and 48.5 thousand base pairs were well resolved, and were sized in 164 seconds. Less than one pg of DNA was required for analysis.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Short Bunch Beam Diagnostics

With the emergence of 4th generation FEL based light sources there is now considerable interest in both producing and characterizing ultra‐short (<100 fs) electron bunches. Knowledge of the extremely high peak current in a short bunch is required to diagnose the SASE (self amplified stimulated emission) process. Measuring the femtosecond duration of the pulse is inherently interesting, particularly for experimenters using the beam to measure fast phenomena (e.g. femto‐chemistry). Diagnostic techniques that have the necessary femtosecond resolution will be reviewed: These include high‐power RF transverse deflecting structures that “streak” the beam in the accelerator allowing the bunch length to be recorded on a profile monitor. Electro optic crystal diagnostics use the electric field of the electron bunch to modulate light thereby exploiting the femtosecond technology of high bandwidth visible lasers. Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) from dipole magnets and optical diffraction radiation (ODR) both result in radiation with wavelengths of the order of the bunch length and hence in the terahertz band which can be detected by a variety of techniques. The role of each of these techniques is discussed in terms of its application at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Short Pulse Photon Source (SPPS) currently under construction at SLAC.
Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Work in Progress

The principle of directly observed therapy (DOT) has its roots in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), for which DOT programs have improved cure rates in hard-to-reach populations. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB affect similar populations, and there are concerns about both regarding the development of drug resistance associated with poor adherence to therapy. Accordingly, DOT may benefit certain HIV-infected people who have difficulty adhering to highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, important differences exist in the treatment of these diseases that raise questions about how DOT can be adapted to HIV therapy. DOT for management of HIV infection has been effective among prisoners and in pilot programs in Haiti, Rhode Island, and Florida. Although DOT can successfully treat HIV infection in marginalized populations in the short term, a multitude of questions remain. This review provides an account of the preliminary development of DOT programs for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals.
Modeling Dust Fragmentation in Comets

We developed a 1-D hydrodynamic model of dusty gas flow with dust fragmentation in a cometary atmosphere and performed calculations for a dust-size distribution with radii a = 10-4–10 cm and densities variable with dust size. A comparison was made with Giotto observations of dust jet intensities within 100 km of the nucleus of Comet Halley. We found that dust fragmentation cannot be solely responsible for the flattening of the dust intensity near the nucleus with respect to the 1/R law. We conclude that a combination of geometric effects and grain fragmentation may explain the observed intensity profiles.
The Concept of Development in Developmental Psychopathology

So important is the perspective of development for understanding psychopathology that it spawned a new discipline-"developmental psychopathology"-which has seen remarkable advances since its introduction,, but has yet to completely fulfill its promise. To do this requires maintaining a thoroughgoing developmental perspective. When we take development seriously, there are implications for how we understand psychopathology, describe and conceptualize the origins and course of disorder, and interpret research findings. From this perspective, disorders are complex products of development; for example, we can view neurophysiological associates of disorder not as causes but as markers, the development of which we need to understand. Research on developmental psychopathology requires an examination of the history of problem behavior from early in life, and it unites multiple features of adaptation and maladaptation (contextual, experiential, physiological, and genetic).
Partisan Divide on War and the Economy Presidential Approval of G. W. Bush

This study examines the influence of 9/11, the Iraq War, the economy, and the coalition-of-minorities on presidential approval of G. W. Bush across partisan subgroups and aggregate popularity. The ...
Dermatopelte Erdös & Novicky (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) newly recorded from the Nearctic region, with description of two new species

The eulophid genus Dermatopelte is reported from the Nearctic region for the first time, represented by two new species, Dermatopelte yanegai n. sp. and D. sinaloensis n. sp. The new species are compared with Dermatopelte budensis, the only valid species previously included in the genus, and the genus is compared with similar genera in the Eulophini.
Response of the Equatorial Thermocline to Extratropical Buoyancy Forcing

Abstract The GFDL Modular Ocean Model and the Miami Isopycnal Ocean Model are used to investigate the response of the equatorial thermocline to extratropical buoyancy forcing. Passive tracers and analytical theories are also used to shed light on the dynamics of the thermocline response. The major findings are the following. (i) The midlatitude region seems to be the optimal region for surface buoyancy forcing to affect the equatorial thermocline. This occurs because, first, thermocline anomalies in the midlatitudes can penetrate into the equator very efficiently; second, buoyancy forcing generates a strong local response in the midlatitudes. (ii) Dynamic waves as well as thermocline ventilation contribute to the response in the equatorial thermocline. Consequently, equatorward penetration is substantially greater for a temperature anomaly than for a passive tracer. (iii) Midlatitude forcing generates a significant temperature response in the equatorial thermocline for forcing periods longer than decadal....
Characterization of Human Mononuclear Cells Using Reduced Pyridine Nucleotide Fluorescence and Flow Cytometry

Peripheral blood monocytes undergo an oxidative burst similar to that seen in neutrophils. The basis for this response appears to be an NAD(P)H oxidase that utilizes reduced NAD(P)H to form superoxide anion. We utilized the unique UV-stimulated fluorescence property of reduced pyridine nucleotides to analyze NAD(P)H utilization in monocytes. UV-stimulated fluorescence in mononuclear cell preparations indicated two populations of cells with the highly fluorescent cells having a Coulter volume consistent with that of monocytes. Dual laser analysis with monoclonal antibodies confirmed that these highly fluorescent cells are monocytes by showing them to be OKM1+, Leu DR+, and anti-monocyte 0.2+. Natural killer (NK) cells, as defined by Leu 7, were not found in this highly fluorescent population. Stimulation of mononuclear cells with phorbol myristate acetate caused a fluorescence loss indicative of NAD(P)H oxidation in monocytes but not in lymphocytes. Stimulation with suboptimal concentrations of PMA (1-5 ng/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent fluorescence loss in monocytes that occurred in an all-or-none fashion identical to the pattern observed in neutrophils. Simultaneous measurement of H2O2 production using dichlorofluorescein formation with NAD(P)H fluorescence indicates that oxidant production occurs in a graded manner. This method, then, provides a convenient way to study in single cells the metabolic events involved in depletion and replenishment of NAD(P)H during the oxidative burst and demonstrates an additional means by which to distinguish monocytes from lymphocytes using flow cytometry.
How Could Terrorism Be Justified

Terrorism cannot be justified either as he least harmful option or because it protects human rights alone because it both inflicts harms and violates human rights. However under very exceptional circumstances it might be justified when it both protects rights and prevents harms more than it violates rights and harms its victims. Although it cannot be justified merely because it equalizes rights violations, this may be a relevant consideration because the right to equitable treatment cannot be ignored in any possible justification. Terrorism could be justified because it liberates an oppressed people only if on balance it protects rights and prevents harms more fully than it violates rights and inflicts harms. It cannot be justified merely as an exercise of the right to self-determination or as a necessary means to a moral right because no moral right is absolute and unconditional. When terrorism is justified as a permissible tactic in a just war or as an exercise of the right to self-defense, this is because in this instance it protects rights and prevents harms more fully than it violates rights and inflicts harms. This might also be true when it is necessary to overcome an extreme emergency, although possibly an extreme emergency might exclude any judgment of wrongness without implying that terrorism is morally right. There is no objective evidence of any religious duty to engage in terrorism.
Effects of Tractor and Trailer Torsional Compliance and Fill Level of Tanker Trailers on Rollover Propensity During Steady Cornering

Understanding the parameters which influence the tendency for a heavy truck to exhibit rollover is of paramount importance to the trucking industry. Multiple parameters influence the vehicle's motion, and the ability to determine how each affects the vehicle as a system would be an indispensable tool for the design of such vehicles. To be able to perform such predictions and analysis, models and a computer simulation were created to allow the examination of changes in design parameters in such vehicles. The vehicle model was originally developed by Law [1] and presented in Law and Janajreh [2]. The model was extended further by Lawson [3, 4] to include (a) the effects of the torsional compliance of both the tractor and trailer, and (b) tanker trailers with various levels of liquid fill. In the present paper, both the tractor and trailer compliances were studied independently to determine their influences on the rollover stability of the vehicle. Additionally, rollover characteristics of tankers having a range of fill levels were analyzed.
Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of complex unsaturated isosteviol-derived triazole conjugates.

Background: For the last two decades, diterpenoid isosteviol and its derivatives have gained significant attention for novel chemical transformation in the drug discovery field. Results: An efficient way towards the synthesis of structurally diverse isosteviol derivatives was described here employing unsaturated functionalities as attractive templates for further transformation such as epoxidation. These structurally diverse compounds exhibited promising cytotoxic activities on different types of cancer cell lines, leading to drug discovery derived from natural products for the treatment of cancer. Conclusion: In this work, novel isosteviol derivatives with Michael acceptors were synthesized to expand the diversity and complexity of a class of isosteviol-derived triazole conjugates to facilitate the development of potential antitumor agents.
Evaluation of AMG 531 in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT): Results of a phase I/II study

e20616 Background: AMG 531 is a Fc-peptide fusion protein (peptibody) that increases platelet production by stimulating thrombopoietin (TPO) receptors. Prior studies have shown the importance of schedule of recombinant TPO to overcome cumulative thrombocytopenia (TCP) caused by high-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin (C), a late-nadir regimen, and doxorubicin and/or ifosfamide (AI), early-nadir regimen. Methods: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and biologic activity of AMG 531 in CIT. Pts receiving high dose C (AUC=11) or AI received CT alone in the study cycle-1 and CT + AMG 531 in the study cycle-2 and subsequent cycles. At least 6 pts were enrolled at each dose level of AMG 531 (1, 3, and 10 mcg/kg). AMG 531 was administered SC as 2 doses given 2 days apart, starting from the day after CT (post-dosing schedule). An additional cohort of 6 pts received AMG 531 (10 mcg/kg) 2 doses administered as predose (day -5) and postdose given on day after CT (pre-/postdosing schedule). Result...
Hindered Translator and Hindered Rotor Models for Adsorbates: Partition Functions and Entropies

With the recent explosion in computational catalysis and related microkinetic modeling, the need for a fast yet accurate way to predict equilibrium and rate constants for surface reactions has become more important. Here we present a fast and accurate new method to estimate the partition functions and entropies of adsorbates based on quantum mechanical estimates of the potential energy surface. As with previous approaches, it uses the harmonic oscillator (HO) approximation for most of the modes of motion of the adsorbate. However, it uses hindered translator and hindered rotor models for the three adsorbate modes associated with motions parallel to the surface and evaluates these using an approach based on a method that has proven accurate in modeling the internal hindered rotations of gas molecules. The adsorbate entropies were calculated with this method for four adsorbates (methanol, propane, ethane, and methane) on Pt(111) using density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the potential energy surface ...
Direct comparison of stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture and spectral counting for quantitative proteomics.

Numerous experimental strategies exist for relative protein quantification, one of the primary objectives of mass spectrometry based proteomics analysis. These strategies mostly involve the incorporation of a stable isotope label via either metabolic incorporation in cell or tissue culture (15N/14N metabolic labeling, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)), chemical derivatization (ICAT, iTRAQ, TMT), or enzymatically catalyzed incorporation (18O labeling). Also, these techniques can be cost or time prohibitive or not amenable to the biological system of interest (i.e., metabolic labeling of clinical samples, most animals, or fungi). This is the case with the quantification of fungal proteomes, which often require auxotroph mutants to fully metabolically label. Alternatively, label-free strategies for protein quantification such as using integrated ion abundance and spectral counting have been demonstrated for quantification affording over 2 orders of magnitude of dynamic range whi...
Tone-Glide Discrimination: Normal and Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Speech sounds vary rapidly in frequency, and the status of the auditory system might be expected to influence the processing of time-varying signals. Two experiments were undertaken to determine th...
Coxsackie B viral myocarditis capsule compound extract on CVB3

Objective Observed in vitro and in vivo experiments the new formulation of K-ConB-JN compound the protective effect of the the CVB3 virus infection of myocardial cells and mice with viral myocarditis. Methods(1) In vitro experiments: After Myocardial cells infection with 1000 TCID50 of CVB3,different concentrations the new formulation of K-ConB-JN compound and ribavirin were investigated in vitro,and set the normal group and model control group.The cytopathic reach 75%,determination of cell supernatant fluid of CK,AST and LDH activity.(2)In vivo experiments: Balb/c mice infected with CVB3 caused by viral myocarditis model,and given the new formulation of K-ConB-JN compound high 、medium 、low-dose,ribavirin and pure water intragastrically 14 days.Record the number of mice died,observe the drug to mice death protection situation. ResultsThe new formulation of K-ConB-JN compound could reduce CVB3 infection myocardial cell medium CK,AST and LDH content,and reduce the mortality of infection in mice,Administered group and model control group compared P0.05. ConclusionThe new formulation of K-ConB-JN compounds have a protective effect on CVB3-infected myocardial cells and mouse.
Norovirus Antigen Detection with a Combination of Monoclonal and Single-Chain Antibodies

The performance of a norovirus antigen detection assay was assessed using monoclonal antibody NV23 and single-chain antibody HJT-R3-A9 to identify both virus-like particles and virus-containing fecal samples. The detection of 25 different norovirus genotypes as recombinant virus-like particles or in clinical samples was dependent on virus or antigen concentration.
Longitudinal Bone Growth: Experimental Methods

Publisher Summary The mammalian embryonic skeleton is composed initially of cartilage. Ossification begins near the midshaft of long bones, and secondary centers of ossification develop near the ends of the bone. However, the primary and secondary ossification centers remain separated by a thin layer of cartilage, the growth plate, which persists into early postnatal life. The growth plate is responsible for longitudinal bone growth. New bone is formed at the growth plate by endochondral ossification, which involves cartilage formation (chondrogenesis) followed by conversion of the new cartilage into bone (ossification). The chondrogenesis is a result of growth plate chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and extracellular matrix secretion. However, simultaneously, the metaphyseal border of the growth plate is invaded by blood vessels and bone cell precursors, which remodel the cartilage into bone. The two processes—chondrogenesis and ossification—are tightly coupled so that the width of the growth plate remains relatively constant and new bone is formed at the junction of the growth plate and the metaphyseal bone. This chapter develops a method to infuse substances directly into the rabbit proximal tibial growth plate. Thus, the growth plate may serve as a model system to explore fundamental develop mental processes.
Novel metal-organic frameworks for efficient stationary sources via oxyfuel combustion

Oxy-fuel combustion is a well-known approach to improve the heat transfer associated with stationary energy processes. Its overall penetration into industrial and power markets is constrained by the high cost of existing air separation technologies for generating oxygen. Cryogenic air separation is the most widely used technology for generating oxygen but is complex and expensive. Pressure swing adsorption is a competing technology that uses activated carbon, zeolites and polymer membranes for gas separations. However, it is expensive and limited to moderate purity O₂ . MOFs are cutting edge materials for gas separations at ambient pressure and room temperature, potentially revolutionizing the PSA process and providing dramatic process efficiency improvements through oxy-fuel combustion. This LDRD combined (1) MOF synthesis, (2) gas sorption testing, (3) MD simulations and crystallography of gas siting in pores for structure-property relationship, (4) combustion testing and (5) technoeconomic analysis to aid in real-world implementation.
Concurrent effects of high hydrostatic pressure, acidity and heat on the destruction and injury of yeasts

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2373 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 36947 were exposed to hydrostatic pressures ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 atmospheres for 10, 20 and 30 min in 0.1 M citrate buffer at pH 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 at 25 and 45°C. Inactivation of inoculated yeast cultures was achieved in spaghetti sauce with meat at 25°C with 3,000 atmospheres for 10 min and also at 45°C and 2,500 atmospheres for 10 min. Viable counts were determined on potato dextrose agar (PDA) incubated at 30°C for 48 h. Pressure-induced injury was demonstrated by plate count differential between PDA and PDA supplemented with glucose (PDAG). A reduction of 7-log10 cycles colony forming units (CFU)/ml was seen for both strains at 3,000 atmospheres for 10 min at 25°C at all pH levels and at 2,250 atmospheres, pH 5.0 for 20 min at 45°C. At 2,000 atmospheres, pH 3.0 for 30 min, the increase in temperature from 25 to 45°C increased the inactivation of yeast by 6-log10 cycles. Lowering the pH from 5.0 to 3.0 enhanced lethality up to 2-log10 cycles at 2,250 atmospheres, 25°C for 30 min. Injury was most apparent at exposure parameters that produced 3- to 5-log10 cycle reductions on PDA. This was achieved (99% injury) at 2,250 atmospheres, 25°C for 30 min. These data indicate that mild heat and acidity contribute to the effectiveness of the inactivation and injury of yeast by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP).
Prancing Shadow Connecting Worlds

The practice of being conscious about the environment and how shadows, light, and movement create an intellectual space for different interpretations allows the viewer to make their own associations. Concrete, the ground that people of different shades walk on, to one person can look and seem like an ethereal and unknown environment, but to another may seem like a moving body of liquid. When artists stop and look at the simple things such a concrete, and water, or passersby they can capture a moment in time that transcends the mundane and suddenly the artist is in a position to present a new lens to the viewer. In this way, the artist as a photographer becomes very much like an alchemist... changing the basic raw material into art. This utilizes the actual scientific composition of the material itself but the way it is presented is in itself an artistic practice: reality manipulated. Author/Artist Bio Tiffany D. Randle is a multi-media artist and has shown her work across various platforms. Recently, Tiffany produced a visual story on the life of individuals in Skid Row and is now venturing into the abstract art world, and is exploring color through paint in order to expand visual perception. Much of this artist's work delves into the concepts of light, shadow, movement and water and the ways in which art can freeze a moment in time. Tiffany is a senior at California State University Northridge specializing in Media Management and Photojournalism
Telesurgery, robotics, and the future of telemedicine

BACKGROUND: We are in a period where technology is a main driver of the direction of healthcare. Robots, computers, telecommunication, and information networks are changing the face of healthcare. This article aims to summarize current developments and outlook in telesurgery. METHODS: Review of the literature. RESULTS: There is no doubt, that in keeping with novel developments in telemedicine, surgery will become increasingly fascinating. Robotics and telesurgery will enable us to treat individuals in remote areas and battlefields. However, legal, humanistic, and ethical issues of these novel technologies have to be addressed for critical evaluation of telesurgery. CONCLUSIONS: Undoubtedly, telesurgery will profoundly change healthcare. However, novel developments have to be critically evaluated for future application of telemedicine.
Antibiotic Resistance in Acne Treatment

Clinical Question What is the evidence for antibiotic resistance in acne, and how does resistance affect treatment? Bottom Line Use of topical and systemic antibiotics for acne is associated with formation of resistance in Propionibacterium acnes and other bacteria, with clinical consequences. Guidelines recommend resistance reduction strategies including avoidance of antibiotic monotherapy, combination treatment with topical modalities, and limiting the duration of oral antibiotic use.
Hands-on cybersecurity exercises for introductory classes: tutorial presentation

Cyber security has been included as a core knowledge area in the ACM/IEEE CS2013 Curricula Guidelines and is mentioned in more than half of the other knowledge areas [1]. Yet there are few resources for faculty to integrate these topics into their classes. In this tutorial, we focus on basic concepts and tools, such as how ssh works.
Abstract 766: Comorbidities limiting recruitment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in early phase trials

Background: Early phase trials (EPCT) provide significant value by evaluating the possible benefits of new agents. The eligibility criteria in EPCT are usually rigorous and may exclude many patients (pts) commonly seen in clinical practice. Our objective was to identify the most common comorbidities excluded in EPCT for NSCLC. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was queried on August 1st of 2016. 299 interventional drug trials were extracted from 2010 to 2016. We studied the trial characteristics including: experimental therapy, location, funding and eligibility criteria. Exclusion of CNS metastasis was treated as a binary variable (strict exclusion vs. allowed). Logistic regressions were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 299 trials, 164 (55%) were phase II, 81 (27%) phase I and 54 (18%) phase Ib/II. 164 (55%) were conducted in the United States (US), 45 (15%) in Asia, 39 (13%) in Europe and 51 (17%) were international. 171 (57%) trials were funded by the industry, 54 (18%) by government agencies and 74 (25%) were investigator initiated. Survival was an end-point in 97 (32%) trials. 70 (23%) trials required a repeat lung biopsy. 54 (18%) trials excluded pts >75 years of age. 99 (33%) trials required creatinine levels 9 g/dl and 141 (47%) excluded pts with platelets Conclusions: Many of the EPCTs excluded pts with advanced age, cytopenias and other common comorbidities, eliminating the possibility of many of our aging pts from participation. Regarding CNS disease, our analysis suggests the type of agent and location may influence the trial design about CNS metastasis inclusion. Investigators should review whether sufficient justification exists for every exclusion criterion before their incorporation in future trial protocols. Citation Format: Narjust Duma, Yucai Wang, Aaron Mansfield. Comorbidities limiting recruitment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in early phase trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 766. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-766
How do voters perceive changes to the rules of the game? Evidence from the 2014 Hungarian elections

Abstract Voters often rely on partisan attachments as they evaluate new policy proposals, but does partisanship also color their interpretation of incumbent efforts to entrench themselves in power by changing the “basic rules of the political game”? We explore this question by taking advantage of a rare instance where a single party held a supermajority sufficient to unilaterally amend the constitution and overhaul the electoral system. We embedded a randomized experiment in a panel survey around the 2014 Hungarian elections, providing respondents with different information about recent changes to the Hungarian electoral rules. While respondents were largely pessimistic about the reforms, providing information yielded no significant effects on their views on the elections' legitimacy. But when information was presented alongside partisan cues, respondents became more negative in their views. Subgroup analysis shows that this effect is concentrated entirely among those not supporting the incumbent. Partisan differences in opinion dwarf any treatment effects we were able to induce. We provide evidence that these findings are unlikely the result of a well-informed populace. Rather, we provide the first experimental evidence that partisan-motivated reasoning applies not only to public policy under fixed institutions but also to changes to the institutional rules of a political system. Incumbents can exploit strong partisan attachments to reduce political competition.
Mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription family of genes in cancer

In recent years, it has become clear that members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of genes play an important role in cancer. The STAT family consists of seven genes, STAT1-4, STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6, that are involved in regulating cellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and the immune system response. Constitutive activation of STAT3, via mutational changes, is important in oncogenesis in both solid and hematopoietic cancers. In the case of hematopoietic neoplasms, STAT3 driver mutations have been described in T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia and chronic natural killer lymphoproliferative disorders (CLPD-NK) and are seen in 30%-40% of T-LGL leukemia patients. STAT5B is also mutated in T-LGL leukemia and CLPD-NK, but in a much smaller proportion. Here we review past and current research on STAT genes in hematopoietic and solid cancers with emphasis on STAT3 and STAT5B and their roles in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies, particularly T-LGL leukemia and CLPD-NK.
You Cannot Have a Vertebrate Brain Without a Basal Ganglia

Early twentieth century theories of telencephalic evolution maintained that the parts of the telencephalon appeared in serial order in vertebrate phylogeny – the globus pallidus in fish, the striatum in amphibians, and the cerebral cortex in reptiles. The notion of serial appearance of the parts of the basal ganglia is reflected in the frequent use of the terms paleostriatum and neostriatum as synonyms for globus pallidus and caudate–putamen, respectively. Moreover, in older theories of basal ganglia evolution, the cerebral cortex was thought to supplant the basal ganglia in motor control in the mammalian lineage, resulting in the replacement of a supposed reptilian stereotyped motor repertoire with the adaptable mammalian motor capacity. Modern evidence, in fact, shows that both striatum and pallidum have been the basal ganglia constituents since the earliest jawed fish. Moreover, the striatal part of the basal ganglia appears to have been organized into separate direct and indirect striatal output pathways by this time as well. Modern findings also show that during most of its evolutionary history (i.e., prior to mammals), the basal ganglia mediated its role in motor control via output pathways to motor layers of the midbrain roof, via midbrain targets of the striatum such as the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Output pathways to the pallium emerged in the amniote lineage, but remained of lesser significance in living members of the sauropsid lineage (birds and reptiles) than the circuitry to the tectum. With the appearance of neocortex in mammals, however, basal ganglia outputs to motor cortex via thalamus became of greater significance, especially in primates, in which a parallel expansion of cerebral cortex and basal ganglia occurred.
The role of the adherent cell in antigen-antibody complex induced immune unresponsiveness.

There is growing evidence which implicates antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) complexes in the induction and maintenance of immune unresponsiveness (1–4). Eisen and Karush (1) proposed that a critical ratio of Ag to Ab was necessary for the establishment of tolerance. They postulated that complexes formed in Ag excess would be suppressive and this has recently been confirmed (4).
Early epileptiform discharges as predictor of seizures in the pediatric intensive care unit (P4.075)

Objective: To assess the utility of early detection of epileptiform discharges as predictors for electrographic seizures in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Background: Continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) is quickly becoming the cornerstone assessment for critically ill children in the intensive care unit. This procedure is resource intense and institutions often rely on routine and prolonged studies to assess seizures and risk of seizure. Early predictors of seizures are necessary to determine which patients may benefit most from cEEG. Design/Methods: We prospectively studied pediatric patients from May through October of 2016 at Boston Children’s Hospital. Patients between 44-weeks gestational age and 21 years who underwent cEEG in the PICU were included. Patients were excluded if they were admitted electively to characterize events concerning for seizure. Only the first monitoring session was included. Results: Twenty-nine patients satisfied the inclusion-exclusion criteria. Median age at admission was 4.7 years. Median time from admission to EEG was 10.7 hours and median EEG recording was 24 hours (8.5–144). Reason for admission is indicated in table 1. Seventeen percent (5/29) of patients had electrographic seizures (ES). Epileptiform discharges (ED) were documented in 38% (11/29). Of the patients with ES, only 1 patient did not have ED. ED or ES were detected within the first hour of recording in all patients that developed ES. Fourteen percent (4/29) of patients died. Three of those patients had an attenuated/featureless background at the start of recording. Ten patients (34%) had a normal background of which there were no detected seizures. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the presence of epileptiform discharges on a routine or prolonged study could aid in the decision to transition to cEEG. Disclosure: Dr. Hodgeman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sansevere has nothing to disclose.