cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of sera from adult through aged mice.

AbstractIn male and female A/J mice ranging from young adults (3 months old = 0.11 mean life span) through senility (1.0 mean life span), 21 serum antigens were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (X-IEP). No age-related qualitative changes were seen. C-3 globulin, transferrin, and unknown antigen No. 32 remained quantitatively unchanged in this life range. Ceruloplasmin and α2-macroglobulin peaked at 6 months and thereafter also remained constant. Eleven antigens fell, 3 after 3 months, 5 after 6 months, and 3 after 12 months of age. Hemopexin and α1-antichymotrypsin tended to rise during aging. The immunoglobulins were quite variable, reaching “mature” levels at 6 months and later varying independently of each other. The 5 constant antigens will be useful directly, and as comparators for X-IEP analyses of all mouse serum antigens, to assess health and disease. The 11 regularly changing antigens will be useful as multiple indicators of aging. With the X-IEP characte...
The Transmembrane Helix of the Escherichia coli Division Protein FtsI Localizes to the Septal Ring

FtsI (also called PBP3) of Escherichia coli is a transpeptidase required for synthesis of peptidoglycan in the division septum and is one of about a dozen division proteins that localize to the septal ring. FtsI comprises a short amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a single transmembrane helix (TMH), and a large periplasmic domain that encodes the catalytic (transpeptidase) activity. We show here that a 26-amino-acid fragment of FtsI is sufficient to direct green fluorescent protein to the septal ring in cells depleted of wild-type FtsI. This fragment extends from W22 to V47 and corresponds to the TMH. This is a remarkable finding because it is usual for a TMH to target a protein to a site more specific than the membrane. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the TMH identified several residues important for septal localization. These residues cluster on one side of an alpha-helix, which we propose interacts directly with another division protein to recruit FtsI to the septal ring.
A negentropy minimization approach to adaptive equalization for digital communication systems

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new adaptive equalization method based on minimizing approximate negentropy of the estimation error for a finite-length equalizer. We consider an approximate negentropy using nonpolynomial expansions of the estimation error as a new performance criterion to improve performance of a linear equalizer based on minimizing minimum mean squared error (MMSE). Negentropy includes higher order statistical information and its minimization provides improved converge, performance and accuracy compared to traditional methods such as MMSE in terms of bit error rate (BER). The proposed negentropy minimization (NEGMIN) equalizer has two kinds of solutions, the MMSE solution and the other one, depending on the ratio of the normalization parameters. The NEGMIN equalizer has best BER performance when the ratio of the normalization parameters is properly adjusted to maximize the output power(variance) of the NEGMIN equalizer. Simulation experiments show that BER performance of the NEGMIN equalizer with the other solution than the MMSE one has similar characteristics to the adaptive minimum bit error rate (AMBER) equalizer. The main advantage of the proposed equalizer is that it needs significantly fewer training symbols than the AMBER equalizer. Furthermore, the proposed equalizer is more robust to nonlinear distortions than the MMSE equalizer.
Effect of crystallographic orientation on subcritical grain boundary cracking in a conventionally cast polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy.

The role of grain orientation and grain boundary misorientation on the formation of subcritical grain boundary cracks in creep of a conventionally cast nickel-based superalloy has been studied. The crystallographic orientations of the grains adjacent to grain boundaries normal to the tensile axis were measured using electron backscattered diffraction. The difference in the Schmid factor for the {111} ⟨112⟩ slip system between the grains was compared to the occurrence of grain boundary cracking. In addition, the difference in the amount of potential primary creep was calculated. The cracked grain boundaries were found to have a larger difference in Schmid factor, as well as a larger difference in potential primary creep, compared with uncracked grain boundaries.
General Introduction to the Symposium on EvolutionaryDevelopmental Biology: Paradigms, Problems, and Prospects1Co-organized by Richard Burian, Scott Gilbert, Paula Mabee, and Billie Swalla

Abstract This symposium undertakes to examine some historical background relevant to the renaissance in biological studies linking evolution and development, to review the current status of research in this rapidly changing area (especially the problem of forging links between disciplines that have gone in divergent directions), to address the benefits and difficulties that arise from molecular studies of the relationship between evolution and development, and to help set the research agenda in evolutionary developmental biology in the next few years. Rather than introducing the individual contributions that follow, this paper aims to set some historical background for the topics they cover. I argue that old questions about the relationship of development to evolution, raised by such figures as William Bateson and Richard Goldschmidt, remain relevant to contemporary work, though they require major reformulation in light of subsequent developments. Many older questions, long set aside as intractable, remai...
The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning: Introduction to Multimedia Learning

People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. This hypothesis is the basis for the promise of multimedia learning. Multimedia instruction consists of words and pictures rather than words alone. How can we design multimedia instruction that improves learner understanding of the presented material? This is the central question addressed in this book. Chapter 1 explores the promise of multimedia learning by offering definitions of key terms and by examining fundamental distinctions that will help you understand research on multimedia learning. A key distinction is between two goals of multimedia research – to contribute to instructional practice (i.e., the science of instruction) and to contribute to learning theory (i.e., the science of learning). The multimedia design principles presented in this book are intended to address both goals and reflect an example of what Stokes (1997, p. 73) calls “use-inspired basic research.” Chapter 2 explores the science of instruction by summarizing the methods we used to test the instructional design principles described in this book. The chapter gives you examples of the multimedia lessons and tests we used, including computer-based narrated animation, paper-based annotated illustrations, and computer-based games and simulations. I also show you how we created experimental comparisons in which we compared the test performance of a group that learned from a multimedia lesson containing a to-be-tested feature versus a group that learned from the lesson without the feature.
Zooarqueología del sur de los valles Calchaquíes (provincias de Catamarca y Tucumán, República Argentina)

Desde mi perspectiva, de larga distancia en el otro fin del hemisferio, siempre he estimado a mis colegas Argentinos como excelentes zooarqueologos que practican un analisis tafonomico muy refinado. Este libro, escrito por Andres Izeta, es uno de los ejemplos mas recientes en esta distintiva trayectoria. Basado en su Tesis Doctoral –originalmente presentada a la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad Nacional de la Plata- el trabajo consiste de un estudio de conjuntos arqueofaunisticos asociados con sitios prehispanicos del sur de los valles Calchaquies, ubicados en el noroeste Argentino. Parrafo extraido de la resena a modo de resumen.
Review of Market Segmentation by Johan Arndt

This very short soft-cover book provides a general overview of market segmentation with primary emphasis on two areas: the economic aspects of market segmentation and statistical methods for market segmentation.
Toward Continuous GPS Carrier-Phase Time Transfer: Eliminating the Time Discontinuity at an Anomaly

The wide application of Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase (CP) time transfer is limited by the problem of boundary discontinuity (BD). The discontinuity has two categories. One is "day boundary discontinuity," which has been studied extensively and can be solved by multiple methods [1-8]. The other category of discontinuity, called "anomaly boundary discontinuity (anomaly-BD)," comes from a GPS data anomaly. The anomaly can be a data gap (i.e., missing data), a GPS measurement error (i.e., bad data), or a cycle slip. Initial study of the anomaly-BD shows that we can fix the discontinuity if the anomaly lasts no more than 20 min, using the polynomial curve-fitting strategy to repair the anomaly [9]. However, sometimes, the data anomaly lasts longer than 20 min. Thus, a better curve-fitting strategy is in need. Besides, a cycle slip, as another type of data anomaly, can occur and lead to an anomaly-BD. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new strategy, i.e., the satellite-clock-aided curve fitting strategy with the function of cycle slip detection. Basically, this new strategy applies the satellite clock correction to the GPS data. After that, we do the polynomial curve fitting for the code and phase data, as before. Our study shows that the phase-data residual is only ~3 mm for all GPS satellites. The new strategy also detects and finds the number of cycle slips by searching the minimum curve-fitting residual. Extensive examples show that this new strategy enables us to repair up to a 40-min GPS data anomaly, regardless of whether the anomaly is due to a data gap, a cycle slip, or a combination of the two. We also find that interference of the GPS signal, known as "jamming", can possibly lead to a time-transfer error, and that this new strategy can compensate for jamming outages. Thus, the new strategy can eliminate the impact of jamming on time transfer. As a whole, we greatly improve the robustness of the GPS CP time transfer.
A Simple Person’s Approach to Understanding the Contagion Condition for Spreading Processes on Generalized Random Networks

We present derivations of the contagion condition for a range of spreading mechanisms on families of generalized random networks and bipartite random networks. We show how the contagion condition can be broken into three elements, two structural in nature, and the third a meshing of the contagion process and the network. The contagion conditions we obtain reflect the spreading dynamics in a clear, interpretable way. For threshold contagion, we discuss results for all-to-all and random network versions of the model, and draw connections between them.
Breaking Down Barriers: Making it Easier for Academic Librarians of Color to Stay

Abstract The strength of every nation lies in its people. In America, that strength can be found in the rich cultural heritage of a diverse nation. Unfortunately, diversity does not permeate all facets of life–specifically in academia and its libraries. The question continues to be asked: where are all of the academic librarians of color? For the ones who are tenured or who are seeking tenure, how can they be retained within the ranks of academia? The focus of this study is to explore and define some of the explicit and implicit barriers faced by academic librarians of color through a review of the literature. Many of the explicit barriers stem directly from racism and from being perceived as the “other” while implicit barriers are more subtle and stem from the covert damage that toxic environmental forces have on shaping the career and work experiences of librarians of color. This analysis also offers methods for breaking down these barriers (through ways such as mentoring) for institutions to consider—along with some strategies to empower librarians of color themselves.
Dry-Spun Neat Cellulose Nanofibril Filaments: Influence of Drying Temperature and Nanofibril Structure on Filament Properties

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were spun into filaments directly from suspension without the aid of solvents. The influence of starting material properties and drying temperature on the properties of filaments produced from three different CNF suspensions was studied. Refiner-produced CNF was ground using a microgrinder at grinding times of 50 and 100 minutes. Filament spinning was performed using a syringe pump-heat gun setting at three drying temperatures of 210 °C, 320 °C and 430 °C. The structure of starting CNF materials was first evaluated using a combination of optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Surface free energy analysis and attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) were used to study changes in hydrophobicity due to grinding. Morphology of the filaments was studied using SEM micrographs. The influence of different drying temperatures and grinding times on mechanical properties of the CNF filaments were further investigated through tensile tests and results were compared using statistical analysis .It was observed that drying temperature did not significantly influence the tensile properties of the filaments while cellulose nanofiber suspension type (grinding time) had a significant influence and improved mechanical properties. FTIR results confirmed an increase in crystallinity index and decrease in hydroxyl group availability due to grinding.
Black Masculinity in the Obama Era: Outliers of Society

The election of President Barack Obama in 2008 spurred both social and academic discussion of the possibly altered state of Black identity, particularly that of Black men, in the United States. The...
Antiphospholipid syndrome and other lupus-related movement disorders.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), lupus, and potentially related movement disorders. APS is a common autoimmune prothrombotic condition characterized by arterial or venous thromboses, pregnancy-related morbidity, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), namely—anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and the lupus anticoagulant (LA). APS can affect any size of vessel, across any body organ, and is considered to be a multisystem disease. A broad spectrum of clinical features can be seen in patients with APS. The clinical features associated with APS are tabulated. The diagnosis, risk factors, and treatments are also described in the chapter. The criteria for APS are divided into both clinical and laboratory criteria. Clinical criteria include vascular thrombosis or morbidity during pregnancy and laboratory criteria include LA, aCL, or anti-s2 glycoprotein-I antibody. Prothrombotic lifestyle factors represent significant risk factors for thrombosis in patients with APS. These factors include smoking, oral contraceptive use, estrogen replacement therapy, and the use of illicit drugs such as cocaine. Aspirin, heparin, and warfarin are the main pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of APS.
Myoepithelial Cells of Submucosal Glands Can Function as Reserve Stem Cells to Regenerate Airways after Injury

Summary Cells demonstrate plasticity following injury, but the extent of this phenomenon and the cellular mechanisms involved remain underexplored. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and lineage tracing, we uncover that myoepithelial cells (MECs) of the submucosal glands (SMGs) proliferate and migrate to repopulate the airway surface epithelium (SE) in multiple injury models. Specifically, SMG-derived cells display multipotency and contribute to basal and luminal cell types of the SMGs and SE. Ex vivo expanded MECs have the potential to repopulate and differentiate into SE cells when grafted onto denuded airway scaffolds. Significantly, we find that SMG-like cells appear on the SE of both extra- and intra-lobular airways of large animal lungs following severe injury. We find that the transcription factor SOX9 is necessary for MEC plasticity in airway regeneration. Because SMGs are abundant and present deep within airways, they may serve as a reserve cell source for enhancing human airway regeneration.
Trapped between justified anger and being the strong Black woman: Black college women coping with racial battle fatigue at historically and predominantly White institutions

Using the unique form of a composite counterstory culled from the experiences of 13 Black women at historically and predominantly White colleges and universities in a Western U.S. state, this paper...
Synaptic vesicle recycling as a substrate for neural plasticity

Chemical synapses are the principle nodes of communication between neurons and are critical for the processing and storage of information in the brain. They consist of two functionally and structurally distinct compartments: presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic specializations. Presynaptic terminals store and release neurotransmitter substances in membranous organelles named synaptic vesicles, whereas postsynaptic structures contain signaling molecules responsible for generation of neuronal responses to released neurotransmitters. This chapter is primarily devoted to discussion of the cellular mechanisms that can underlie forms of synaptic plasticity that arise from changes in the structure and function of presynaptic terminals. Here, we will discuss prevailing concepts regarding presynaptic forms of plasticity rather than providing an exhaustive review of existing literature. Several recent review papers give an excellent account of the topic and the literature, some of which will not be covered here in detail (Atwood and Karunanithi, 2002; Zucker and Regehr, 2002; Jahn et al., 2003; Murthy and De Camilli, 2003). Presynaptic terminals are exceptionally dynamic vesicle trafficking machines. Most forms of short-term synaptic plasticity (milliseconds to minutes) as well as some forms of long-term plasticity arise from persistent alterations in the dynamics of vesicle trafficking in presynaptic terminals. What makes presynaptic forms of plasticity particularly interesting is that they do not only increase or decrease the amplitude of synaptic responses, but also cause frequency-dependent changes in chemical neurotransmission. In this manner, plasticity can alter the information coding in neural circuits beyond simple scaling of synaptic responses. Over the past few years, several studies have demonstrated that neurotransmission is not sustained by mobilization of vesicles from a large reservoir but by constant recycling of a handful of vesicles. Therefore, the rate and the pathway of vesicle trafficking can critically determine synaptic efficacy during activity. However, very little is known about the processes that regulate vesicle trafficking in the synapse beyond vesicle fusion. Accordingly, the studies on presynaptic forms of plasticity have extensively focused on alterations at the fusion step. Therefore we currently have only a rudimentary understanding of the changes in other steps within the synaptic vesicle cycle associated with long-term synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless, we have increasing information on the complexity of presynaptic vesicle trafficking events that comprise the synaptic vesicle cycle. Therefore, before discussing recent experimental findings and arising concepts on
Shame and Borders: The ‘Aisyiyah’s Struggle for Muslim Women’s Education in Indonesia

In dealing with the patriarchal Javanese Muslim public in the early twentieth century, the ‘Aisyiyah organization employed “Islamic strategies” governed by the concept of women’s awra (modesty shame) in winning women’s access to education and social participation. These strategies included the veiling encouragement among Javanese Muslim women and the provision of women’s mosques. This chapter discusses these strategies and examines them as ways of negotiating the seclusion that impeded women from knowledge and other resources. More than protecting women from men’s gaze, these strategies also ensured the avoidance of upheaval that was feared as a result from women’s appearance in public space. While veiling and sex segregation are often criticized by Western feminist scholars who rest their arguments on the premise of liberal humanity as forms of women’s subjugation in the name of religion, the ‘Aisyiyah case demonstrates that such practices had been useful for facilitating women’s access to social participation and education in public space while constructing the new Javanese Muslim identity in opposing the Dutch colonialism in Indonesia’s pre-independence era.
Narrating a second chance: Seeking reprieve from a life sentence

In Iowa, individuals sentenced to life without parole are faced with the realization that they will die behind bars. The only way out is by applying to the Governor and Iowa Board of Parole for sentence commutation. The outcome is rarely successful for the applicant. My study looks at a selection of 40 applications from 1999 to 2013. Using the grounded theory method, I conduct a document analysis of each application. I discover that individuals temporally construct narratives of former self, current self and future self. Three types of narratives emerge: One that describes a transformed self, one that describes a self that has been victimized and one that describes an immutable self. These findings suggest that the narratives are carefully crafted for their audience in order to convey a sense of moral decency and desistance from future trouble. The individual demonstrates the potential to shed the always bad institutional self, but in all but a very few instances is stuck with the stigmatized self. Introduction Being sentenced to life without parole for first degree murder or kidnapping is the most serious penalty in the United States criminal justice system today, with the exception
The Basic Plan and Ontogeny of the Spinal Cord

The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord, which are contained entirely within the cranial vault and the vertebral canal. The CNS can be distinguished from the PNS, which is made up of neurons (most often contained in ganglia) and their processes (which bundle together toform nerves) that are distributed throughout the body. Given the delicate consistency of the CNS—something akin to aspic—it is fortunate that Mother Nature has encased this vulnerable organ within a hard bony fortress. Within the fortress, the CNS is further protected by three meningeal coatings. From outside in, the meninges are the thick and leathertough dura mater, the diaphanous arachnoid mater, and the pia mater, which is everywhere adherent to the surface of the CNS. The CNS is further cushioned by a layer of viscous liquid called the cerebrospinal fluid. It fills a space between the arachnoid and the pia mater called the subarachnoid space. The cerebrospinal fluid also fills the hollow core of the brain, the ventricular system, increasing further the shock-absorbing capacity of the brain. Although these raiments of the brain serve their wearer well, their indirect relationship to the workings of neuronal circuits places them beyond the scope of this survey. Here, we’ll focus on the wearer
Copper nucleation on titanium for thin film applications

Copper nucleation and growth on titanium substrates from concentrated acidic copper sulfate solutions was studied at 45 and 65∘C and high cathodic potentials. Electrochemical experiments allied to SEM examination were performed to characterize the mechanism of nucleation and its evolution with time. Particular emphasis was given to the influence of potential and agitation on the initial stages of nucleation and growth. Results indicated that most of copper nucleation on titanium from a 83 g dm−3 Cu2+ solution, at 65 ∘ C, is achieved in a matter of milliseconds. As expected, the initial stages of the copper nucleation and growth is strongly dependent of potential and temperature, and the influence of agitation is only evident at very high potentials. The calculated diffusion coefficients for Cu2+ at 45 and 65 ∘ C, under the experimental conditions, were found to be 9.16 × 10−6 and 1.62 × 10−5cm2 s−1, respectively.
Speculative Approximations for Terascale Analytics

Author(s): Qin, Chengjie; Rusu, Florin | Abstract: Model calibration is a major challenge faced by the plethora of statistical analytics packages that are increasingly used in Big Data applications. Identifying the optimal model parameters is a time-consuming process that has to be executed from scratch for every dataset/model combination even by experienced data scientists. We argue that the incapacity to evaluate multiple parameter configurations simultaneously and the lack of support to quickly identify sub-optimal configurations are the principal causes. In this paper, we develop two database-inspired techniques for efficient model calibration. Speculative parameter testing applies advanced parallel multi-query processing methods to evaluate several configurations concurrently. The number of configurations is determined adaptively at runtime, while the configurations themselves are extracted from a distribution that is continuously learned following a Bayesian process. Online aggregation is applied to identify sub-optimal configurations early in the processing by incrementally sampling the training dataset and estimating the objective function corresponding to each configuration. We design concurrent online aggregation estimators and define halting conditions to accurately and timely stop the execution. We apply the proposed techniques to distributed gradient descent optimization -- batch and incremental -- for support vector machines and logistic regression models. We implement the resulting solutions in GLADE PF-OLA -- a state-of-the-art Big Data analytics system -- and evaluate their performance over terascale-size synthetic and real datasets. The results confirm that as many as 32 configurations can be evaluated concurrently almost as fast as one, while sub-optimal configurations are detected accurately in as little as a $1/20^{\text{th}}$ fraction of the time.
The First Crusade: The Call from the East. By Peter Frankopan. (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. xxiii, 262. $19.95.)

The narrative of the First Crusade is well established and is still best exemplified by Steven Runciman, The First Crusade and the Foundations of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Cambridge, 1951), though ...
Acute Respiratory Failure Managed via Inter-Facility Transport for Extracorporeal Life Support: A 3-Year Experience.

Objectives The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to describe a successful design for a mobile lung rescue program, focusing on challenges and resources required to support such a program, and (2) report short-term outcomes for patients placed on venovenous extracorporeal life support (VV-ECLS) by a transferring team before inter-facility transport to a specialized extracorporeal life support (ECLS) center. Design This retrospective review and analysis used patient chart review to collect outcomes data and resource demand. Setting A single institutional experience in an academic center in the United States. Participants Patient selection targeted the 75 patients who were placed on VV-ECLS for acute respiratory failure at an outside institution by the authors’ team before transport from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017. Interventions No intervention was made. Measurements and Main Results Average time for dispatch and transfer was 4 hours and 10 minutes for ground and 3 hours and 30 minutes for air transport (p = 0.029). Demand was highest in winter, with 61% (46/75) of patients presenting from November through April, and daytime, with 73% (55/75) occurring from 8 am to 8 pm. Demand increased during the study period, with 21 patients in 2015, 24 in 2016, and 30 in 2017. Mortality was low, with 72% of patients surviving to discharge. Conclusions Herein a successful mobile lung rescue program for transfer to a regional ECLS center is described. These findings demonstrate bed availability during high census and presence of a physician for duration of transport. These challenges can be overcome and successful implementation can be made with low mortality, supporting the development of regional ECLS centers.
Comparing Internal and External IPO Risk Factors Influence on Investor Valuation and Survival

As a firm prepares for IPO, the Securities and Exchange Commission mandates that managers must record risks to their firms’ survival or performance in the prospectus. This study illustrates a major gap between risk factors that investors initially focus on and the true determinants of long-term success. More specifically we propose that external risk factors (market risks, legal risks, and government regulations risks) have a more negative effect on investor optimism and IPO valuation, while internal risk factors (management risks, operational risks, technical risks) have a more negative effect on post-IPO long-term firm survival. The implications are discussed.
TO INTERVENE OR NOT TO INTERVENE? ACUTE LEFT MAIN THROMBUS IN A PATIENT WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE AND NON ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Management of subtotal occlusion of LMCA still relies on expert opinion with no well-defined guidelines. 45-year-old male with a history of CAD with DES to the LAD and LCx, advanced ICM status post-LVAD heartmate II and an SVG graft to the RCA was referred to our facility with progressive chest
Contemporary techniques for mitral valve repair—the Mayo Clinic experience

Mitral valve repair for patients with degenerative or functional mitral valve regurgitation improves symptoms and prognosis, and several techniques have been described. Important principles in operation are simplicity, reproducibility, and durability of repair. At Mayo Clinic, we have operated on more than 6000 patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and valve prolapse, and this review details our approach to mitral valve repair, including robotic and minimally invasive techniques. Most patients with isolated leaflet prolapse can be managed with leaflet plication or triangular resection, and chordal replacement is reserved for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse. Posterior annuloplasty with a standard-sized flexible band is used to reduce annular circumference and improve leaflet coaptation. With these methods, early risk of mortality for mitral valve repair is low in the current era (< 1%), and rate of recurrent valve leakage is 1.5 per 100 patient-years during the first year post-repair and 0.9 per 100 patient-years thereafter. This paper also briefly summarizes important considerations for patients with mitral valve regurgitation and severe calcification, perforations due to endocarditis, and rheumatic heart disease.
Perioperative Nutrition in the Orthopedic Surgical Patient

Maintaining adequate nutrition status in the orthopedic patient promotes wound healing, preserves lean body mass, and prevents postoperative complications. Patients who are malnourished or at high nutrition risk should be identified and treated early to minimize risk of complications. Malnutrition in the orthopedic surgical patient can lead to poor wound healing, increased risk for infection, pressure ulcers, increased morbidity and mortality, increased medical costs, and prolonged hospitalization. Orthopedic patients should be screened early, within 24 h of admission, in order to establish a timely nutrition intervention plan. Elderly, trauma patients, diabetic patients, and patients undergoing complex orthopedic surgeries present with unique nutritional challenges and should be identified promptly for initiation of an appropriate nutrition care plan. Nutrition screening tools, anthropometric measures, and laboratory markers are often used to identify patients at nutrition risk. Registered dietitians (RDs) should be consulted for the assessment and intervention of orthopedic patients who present at nutrition risk.
Threat of platform‐owner entry and complementor responses: Evidence from the mobile app market

Research Summary This paper studies the impact of platform‐owner entry threat on complementors in platform‐based markets. We examine how app developers on the Android mobile platform adjust innovation efforts (rate and direction) and value‐capture strategies in response to the threat of Google's entry into their markets. We find that after Google's entry threat increases, affected developers reduce innovation and raise the prices for the affected apps. However, their incentives to innovate are not completely suppressed; rather, they shift innovation to unaffected and new apps. Given that many apps already offer similar features, Google's entry threat may thus reduce wasteful development efforts. We discuss the implications of these results for platform owners, complementors, and policy makers. Managerial Summary We examine one prevalent source of conflict: platform owners' entry into complementary product spaces. We show that app developers on Google's Android system are strategic and nimble actors. They respond to the threat of Google's entry by adjusting both value‐creation and value‐capture strategies. We also show that platform owners could use direct entry to shape innovation directions and encourage variety of complements. Overall, on the one hand, Google's entry may have pushed complementors into other areas (which might be less lucrative) and strengthened its position in the mobile market. On the other hand, the entry may have reduced wasteful production efforts in the development of redundant applications. The overall welfare implication is thus ambiguous.
The On-Site Energy Demand of Meats Consumed in Restaurants

Abstract The environmental burden and resource intensity of the modern global food system have obtained increased recognition worldwide. Past studies focused primarily on the pre-consumption stages of food life cycle, while food service at the use stage has rarely been addressed due to a lack of understanding in how energy use in restaurants is associated with food items. In this study, we present a novel three-stage approach that quantifies food-item-level energy demand in restaurant service scenarios, which includes an energy-to-food stage, a cooking energy usage stage and a building energy simulation stage. Common restaurant-served meat products in the U.S. (beef, pork, and poultry) prepared using an oven, a griller, and a broiler in a restaurant kitchen were selected as case studies. The results show that the on-site energy demand of these meat products ranges from ~10 to 25 MJ/kg, which is comparable to the energy demand in the food production stage. Heating/cooling, cooking, and the water systems are the main sources of energy demand. This study is the first to quantify the energy demand of individual food items in restaurants and can complement existing food life cycle studies. The results can help improve the understanding of the environmental consequences of dietary change.
The risk for developing a secondary cancer after breast radiation therapy: Comparison of photon and proton techniques

Abstract Background and purpose To compare secondary malignancy risks of modern proton and photon therapy techniques for locally advanced breast cancer. Methods and materials We utilized dosimetric data from 34 [10 photon-VMAT, 10 photon-3DCRT, 14 pencil beam scanning proton (PBS)] breast cancer patients who received comprehensive nodal irradiation. Employing a model based on organ equivalent dose to account for both inhomogeneous organ dose distributions and non-linear functional dose relationships, we estimated excess absolute risk, excess relative risk, and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) for secondary malignancies. The model uses dose distribution, number of fractions, age at exposure, attained age, the linear-quadratic dose response relationship for cell survival, repopulation factor, as well as gender specific age dependencies, and initial slopes of dose response curves. Results The LAR for carcinoma at age 70 was estimated to be up to 3.64% for esophagus with an advantage of 3DCRT over PBS and VMAT. For the ipsilateral lung, risks were lowest for PBS (up to 5.56%), followed by 3DCRT (up to 6.54%) and VMAT (up to 7.7%). For the contralateral lung, there is a clear advantage of 3DCRT and PBS techniques (risk Conclusion Conventional (3DCRT) techniques led to the lowest estimated risks of, thyroid and esophageal secondary cancers while PBS demonstrated a benefit for secondary lung and contralateral breast cancer risks, with the highest risks overall associated with VMAT techniques.
Remarkable response of native fishes to invasive trout suppression varies with trout density, temperature, and annual hydrology

Recovery of imperiled fishes can be achieved through suppression of invasives, but outcomes may vary with environmental conditions. We studied the response of imperiled desert fishes to an invasive...
AniCode: Authoring Coded Artifacts for Network-Free Personalized Animations

Time-based media are used in applications ranging from demonstrating the operation of home appliances to explaining new scientific discoveries. However, creating effective time-based media is challenging. We introduce a new framework for authoring and consuming time-based media. An author encodes an animation in a printed code and affixes the code to an object. A consumer captures an image of the object through a mobile application, and the image together with the code is used to generate a video on their local device. Our system is designed to be low cost and easy to use. By not requiring an Internet connection to deliver the animation, the framework enhances privacy of the communication. By requiring the user to have a direct line-of-sight view of the object, the framework provides personalized animations that only decode in the intended context. Animation schemes in the system include 2D and 3D geometric transformations, color transformation, and annotation. We demonstrate the new framework with sample applications from a wide range of domains. We evaluate the ease of use and effectiveness of our system with a user study.
A Survey of the Van Hove Scenario for High-T_c Superconductivity With Special Emphasis on Pseudogaps and Striped Phases

The Van Hove singularity (VHS) provides a paradigm for the study of the role of peaks in the density of states (dos) on electronic properties. More importantly, it appears to play a major role in the physics of the high-T_c superconductors, particularly since recent photoemission studies have found that the VHS is close to the Fermi level in most of the high-T_c cuprates near the composition of optimum T_c. This paper offers a comprehensive survey of the VHS model, describing both theoretical properties and experimental evidence for the picture. Special topics discussed include a survey of the Fermi surfaces of the cuprates and related compounds, and an analysis of the reliability of the slave boson approach to correlation effects. While many properties of the cuprates can be qualitatively understood by a simple rigid-band-filling model, this is inadequate for more quantitative results, since correlation effects tend to pin the Fermi level near the VHS over an extended doping range, and can lead to a nanoscale phase separation. Furthermore, the peaks in the dos lead to competition from other instabilities, both magnetic and structural (related to charge density waves). A novel form of dynamic structural instability, involving dynamic VHS-Jahn-Teller effects has been predicted. Scattered through the literature, there is considerable experimental evidence for both nanoscale phase separation of holes, and for local, possibly dynamic, structural disorder. This review attempts to gather these results into a comprehensive database, to sort the results, and to see how they fit into the Van Hove scenario. Recent experiments on underdoped cuprates are found to provide a strong confirmation that the pseudogap is driven by a splitting of the VHS degeneracy.
Temperature fluctuations and boundary layer turbulence as seen by Mars Exploration Rovers Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer

Abstract The Mini-TES spectrometer carried by Spirit and Opportunity is a unique instrument that enabled vertical temperature profiles to be retrieved at high frequency (every 2 s, or “ICK”). Observations obtained from this instrument provide information on boundary layer activity. As an extension of previous work, we have retrieved ICK-by-ICK vertical temperature profiles to characterize turbulent behavior at each rover site for up to two Mars Years. We have also retrieved ICK-by-ICK near-surface (1.1 m) atmospheric temperatures and surface temperatures from dedicated atmospheric observations as well as geologic observations that extend the coverage of near-surface observations. The extension and increased frequency of retrievals as well as the additional observations provide a more complete view of the vertical and temporal variation of temperature fluctuations within the PBL. Temperature fluctuations are assessed using detrended temperature time-series data. The results show fluctuations can be as large as 10 K at the surface and 8 K aloft with timescales on the order of minutes. We have calculated the peak-to-peak amplitudes of temperature fluctuations and the corresponding timescales over which they occur. Spirit and Opportunity temperature fluctuation amplitudes decrease in magnitude vertically, where higher atmospheric levels show smaller fluctuations in amplitudes than at the surface. The magnitude of temperature fluctuations changes with the difference in surface and air temperature. This difference varies little as a function of season at both rover sites. Fluctuations are observed to quickly decrease in the late afternoon reaching a minimum near 17:00 LTST followed by moderately increased activity near sunset caused by forced convection. There is no significant change in the observed convective activity as a function of dust optical depth during regional dust storms. The few large temperature fluctuations that are concurrent with dust events are likely the result of large-scale systems.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor Resembling a Malignant Pancreatic Disease Process

Background/aim Inflammatory pseudotumors are complex entities given that they carry varying characteristics with a multitude of behaviors that can resemble a malignancy clinically, radiographically, and histologically. Patients and methods Our case report presents a 65-year-old-female with a history of fever, abdominal pain, and anemia with imaging suggestive of a malignant disease process involving an ill-defined soft tissue mass between the left adrenal gland and pancreatic tail. Results Following diagnostic laparoscopy with abdominal washings and subsequent open resection of the mass, final pathology revealed multiple specimens demonstrating dense fibrosis with admixed spindled cells and inflammatory cells, an overarching morphology, and an immunohistochemical staining profile consistent with pancreatic inflammatory pseudotumor. Conclusion Inflammatory pseudotumor is a challenging diagnosis and should be included in the differential diagnosis for a patient who presents with nonspecific symptoms and an ill-defined mass on imaging.
Concerted cellular responses to type I interferon propel memory impairment associated with amyloid β plaques

Despite well-documented maladaptive neuroinflammation in Alzheimer9s disease (AD), the principal signal that drives memory and cognitive impairment remains elusive. Here, we reveal robust, age-dependent cellular reactions to type I interferon (IFN), an innate immune cytokine aberrantly elicited by beta-amyloid plaques, and examine their role in cognition and neuropathology relevant to AD in a murine amyloidosis model. Long-term blockade of IFN receptor rescued both memory and synaptic deficits and resulted in reduced microgliosis, inflammation, and neuritic pathology. Interestingly, microglia-specific IFN receptor ablation attenuated the loss of post-synaptic terminals, whereas IFN signaling in neural cells contributed to pre-synaptic alteration and plaque accumulation. Intriguingly, IFN pathway activation displayed a strong inverse correlation with cognitive performance, promoting selective synapse engulfment by microglia rather than amyloid plaques. Overall, IFN signaling represents a critical module within the neuroinflammatory network of AD and prompts a concerted cellular state that is detrimental to memory and cognition.
The Population Genetics, Virulence, and Public Health Concerns of Escherichia coli Collected From Rats Within an Urban Environment.

The co-existence of rats and humans in urban environments has long been a cause for concern regarding human health because of the potential for rats to harbor and transmit disease-causing pathogens. Here, we analyze whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from 41 Escherichia coli isolates collected from rat feces from 12 locations within the city of Chicago, IL, United States to determine the potential for rats to serve as a reservoir for pathogenic E. coli and describe its population structure. We identified 25 different serotypes, none of which were isolated from strains containing significant virulence markers indicating the presence of Shiga toxin-producing and other disease-causing E . coli . Nor did the E. coli isolates harbor any particularly rare stress tolerant or antimicrobial resistance genes. We then compared the isolates against a public database of approximately 100,000 E. coli and Shigella isolates of primarily food, food facility, or clinical origin. We found that only one isolate was genetically similar to genome sequences in the database. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates cluster by serotype, and there was little geographic structure (e.g., isolation by distance) among isolates. However, a greater signal of isolation by distance was observed when we compared genetic and geographic distances among isolates of the same serotype. This suggests that E. coli serotypes are independent lineages and recombination between serotypes is rare.
The Sexual Rights of Others: Majoritized Women’s Support for Marginalized Women’s Sexual Rights

Advocates argue that sexual safety, access to sexuality-related services, sexual health and well-being, sexual privacy, and sexual autonomy are universal and inalienable rights of all people. Howev...
The personal and social benefits of airplane piloting as a serious leisure activity for women.

THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF AIRPLANE PILOTING AS A SERIOUS LEISURE ACTIVITY FOR WOMEN Frances Louise Shupe July 29,2010 Serious leisure theory (Stebbins, 1992) is used to frame this examination of women's long-term involvement in airplane piloting. Through in-depth, semi-structured telephone and e-mail interviews with women having over 15 years experience as private pilots, this study examines their leading motivations and their personal and social benefits realized through airplane piloting as a leisure activity. Women's participation in amateur airplane piloting displays the six characteristics of serious leisure. In addition to the durable benefits ascribed to serious leisure, the respondents demonstrated several other personal and social benefits. The interview data revealed that women pursue airplane piloting as independent, interdependent, or dependent pilots. I identified independent pilots as the women who were intrinsically motivated to become involved with piloting for selforiented rewards. Interdependent pilots who decided with their significant others to engage in airplane piloting as a shared leisure activity demonstrates internalization of extrinsic motivation. Dependent pilots are women whose partner had already been piloting for years before they are extrinsically motivated to pursue their pilot certificates in order to assist their partners. Using grounded theory analysis and feminist research