cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Address of the retiring President of the International Association of Sedimentologists: Differences in size distributions of populations of particles among sands of various origins

This address reminisces and reflects on a subject in which I have been involved for more than twenty years: the effect of depositional processes on various parameters of the size-frequency distribution of sands. Movements of air and water generally separate particles by their sizes; the distribution of sizes relates to (1) the availability of different sizes of particles in a parent material, (2) processes operating where the sediments are deposited, particularly the competency of flow, and (3) concentrations of particles in suspension. Differences in size-frequency distributions among sands correlate with various origins, that is with their terminal depositional environments. Reminiscences in this address express my personal experience, both its up and downs, in advocating the study of this relationship, particularly in applying the method of moments on the basis of the concept that one statistical function expresses the characteristics of the population of particles. This address re-emphasizes some points made in previous studies (Friedman, 1961, 1962b, 1967) on the interrelationship between textural parameters and depositional processes for beach, dune, and river sands and then complements and supplements data which have not been presented before. These new data are grouped on scatter plots for sands of various origins. Finally, this address displays on maps regional trends of process-induced changes in size distributions of populations of particles in sands of four different settings: (1) a beach-dune setting, as exemplified by Padre Island, Texas, on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico; (2) a point-bar setting in the Arkansas River of Oklahoma; (3) a continental shelf-slope setting in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama; and (4) a continental shelf setting of the western Atlantic Ocean off New Jersey. This address concludes with the observation that the distribution of particles in sands will be influenced by the conditions that determine what happens in the depositional environment, hence statistical parameters that define the size-frequency distribution may be related to formative process.
Adoption and the Guatemalan Journey to American Parenthood.

Examining the adoption of Guatemalan children by US citizens, this article argues that adoptive parents make meanings and form identities through their participation in the adoption process and in their production of both Internet-based and spoken narratives about adoption. Using theories of globalization and narrative theory, the article elucidates how adoptive parents imagine and articulate their gendered and national identities, primarily as `American mothers', in their production of narratives about travel and the adoption process.
Hardware implementation of the discrete fourier transform with non-power-of-two problem size

In this paper, we examine several algorithms suitable for the hardware implementation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) with non-power-of two problem size. We incorporate these algorithms into Spiral, a tool capable of automatically generating corresponding hardware implementations. We discuss how each algorithm can be used to generate different types of hardware structures, and we demonstrate that our tool is able to produce hardware implementations of non-power-of-two sized DFTs over a wide range of cost/performance tradeoff points.
210Pb226Ra: Radioactive disequilibrium in the deep sea

210Pb and 226Ra profiles have been measured in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Deep Water. The 210Pb activity is 25% to 80% of that of 226Ra, averages about 50% in each profile, and is lowest in the bottom water. This deficiency of 210Pb relative to 226Ra shows that 210Pb is rapidly and continually scavenged from deep water, probably by adsorption on particulate material sinking from the surface. A method is developed for simultaneous application of the vertical diffusion-advection model to 226Ra and 210Pb deep-water profiles, and the in-situ source terms for both isotopes are obtained as a function of the parametric upwelling velocity. For a positive source term for 226Ra in deep water, the parametric velocity is limited to a small range (3–12 m/y) and the deep-Pacific residence time of lead is 54 yr, a value two orders of magnitude smaller than residence times estimated from stable lead concentrations. The model calculations show that an in-situ scavenging process, acting throughout the water column, is required to remove the Pb. Box model calculations yield a similar short residence time for lead in North Atlantic Deep Water, indicating that radioactive disequilibrium for 210Pb, due to fast scavenging, is a general phenomenon through the deep sea.
Interaction of stored, cooled proton beams with fiber targets

Abstract The use of thin fibers as internal targets for nuclear physics experiments in storage rings is discussed. We have measured the lifetime and the energy spread of stored, electron-cooled beams in the presence of an internal carbon fiber target. Measurements have been carried out in the Indiana Cooler with proton beams between 100 MeV and 300 MeV. The effect of the inhomogeneous fiber target on the beam is the same as that of a homogeneous gas target of equivalent thickness within the accuracy of the measurement. The measurements are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation of the stored beam. It is demonstrated that charging of the fiber target can significantly affect the lifetime and energy spread of the stored beam.
Pharmacological differences between muscarinic receptors coupled to phosphoinositide turnover and those coupled to adenylate cyclase inhibition.

Abstract Pharmacological differences between muscarinic cholinergic receptors coupled to phospho-inositide turnover and those coupled to adenylate cyclase were studied. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors from SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells resulted in phosphoinositide hydrolysis, but not in inhibition of cAMP formation. As has been shown previously, stimulation of muscarinic receptors from NG108-15 neuroblastoma × glioma cells, on the other hand, resulted in inhibition of cAMP formation without any observable phosphoinositide hydrolysis. These two cell lines provide a useful model system in which to study differential coupling of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Inhibition of [ 3 H] N -methyl scopolamine ([ 3 H]NMS) binding and inhibition of carbachol-stimulated function by the antagonists pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, and 4-diphenylacetoxy- N -methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) were studied in this system. Pirenzepine inhibited [ 3 H]NMS binding in both cell lines with low affinity (K i of 130 and 160 nM in NG108-15 and SK-N-SH cells respectively), indicating that both cell lines express M 2 receptors. None of the three antagonists studied exhibited any clear selectivity for the receptors in one cell line over those of the other. In contrast, several agonists including acetylcholine, bethanechol and carbachol exhibited pronounced selectivity. These agonists inhibited [ 3 H]NMS binding to membranes from SK-N-SH cells with ic 50 values that were 17-, 3- and 38-fold higher, respectively, than those of NG108-15 cells. This selectivity was still observed when whole cells rather than membranes were studied. These findings indicate that pharmacological differences between receptors coupled to phosphoinositide turnover and those coupled to cAMP inhibition can be detected with certain agonists, but not with the antagonists pirenzepine, AF-DX 116 or 4-DAMP.
“Big-Picture” Worksheets To Help Students Learn and Understand the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and the Calvin Cycle

Two worksheets designed to help biochemistry instructors teach the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle are presented. The worksheets avoid excessive detail, but portray the pathways in such a manner that the fates of all molecules involved are depicted; this format allows students to follow the interconversions without having to wonder where a particular intermediate originated or what final compound it is destined to become. When combined with knowledge of the structures of some basic monosaccharides and of key enzymatic steps (e.g., transketolase and transaldolase), the use of these worksheets can help students learn and understand the pathways rather than superficially memorize them.
Experimental protocol for the assessment of solvent strength and selectivity of liquid phases used in gas chromatography

Abstract A thermodynamic approach to the practical characterization of solvent strength and selectivity of a wide range of molecular and ionic stationary phases for gas chromatography is discussed. The experimenal protocol is outlined in detail and the principal sources of error with their magnitude identified. The solvent strength parameter (the partial molar Gibbs free energy of solution for a methylene group per unit solvent volume) is proposed as a universal parameter for measuring solvent strength although it is indicated that in the general ranking of liquid phases anomalous positioning of ionic phases and perfluorocarbon phases may occur. The partial molal Gibbs free energy of solution for selected test solutes is proposed as a scale of solvent selectivity. Nitrobenzene and n -octanol are demonstrated to be acceptable test solutes to characterize solvent orientation and proton acceptor capacity, respectively. Benzodioxan is shown to be an unacceptable test solute for assessing solvent proton donor capacity and dibutylformamide is tentatively identified as a promising replacement. Tabulation of the above constants provides new insight into the solvent properties of the most common liquid phases used in gas chromatography. In particular, it is demonstrated that the liquid organic salts provide enhanced orientation and proton acceptor capacity compared to non-ionic liquids and represent an important class of new solvents for extending the selectivity range of solvents used in gas chromatography. A need for new phases with strong proton donor capacity is also identified.
The effect of sorbose on metabolism and morphology of Neurospora.

Abstract 1. 1. In the presence of sorbose Neurospora grows with colonial morphology, fails to conidiate, and loses up to 60% of its dry weight after depletion of the glucose from the medium. 2. 2. After a long period of adaptation Neurospora metabolizes sorbose, apparently via sorbitol. It then grows well on sorbose, although still with colonial morphology. 3. 3. In the presence of sorbose Neurospora utilizes glucose less efficiently. Less dry weight and more CO 2 are produced, more O 2 is consumed per mg glucose used, and the incorporation of labelled glucose into cell-wall polymers and into trehalose is lower. 4. 4. This evidence suggests that the effects of sorbose on the growth and morphology of Neurospora involves a general metabolic disturbance resulting from a partial uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
Negotiation in Constraint-Based Design

A design problem usually involves multiple perspectives, each with own set of constraints that may interact. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to assist in negotiation of constraints from multiple perspectives. The proposed approach is based on qualitative reasoning that provides each perspective with negotiation information for making design decisions. A qualitative constraint network is used to characterize the qualitative and quantitative relationship between design variables. It provides means for tracking dependencies among perspectives for a set of constraints and determines the impact ofdesign changes. When a conflict occurs, effective negotiation strategies are generated. A negotiation procedure for an ill-structured negotiation process is presented. The effectiveness of the negotiation process is improved with the procedure proposed. A valve design problem illustrates the concepts discussed in the paper.
Industrial economics and strategy: computing platforms

To the uninitiated, and even the old hand, the computer industry is an intimidating agglomeration of firms, markets, and buyers, all changing quickly in response to the latest innovation or recently invented applications. Technological opportunities arise rapidly, altering the technical landscape more quickly than in any other industry. Established firms feel perpetually under siege, particularly when they compare their lot in life to that of other firms in other industries. The computer industry's structure seems caught between forces of inertia and change, with the latter having an upper hand. Change occurs in two broad places: technical frontiers and market relationships. As is often remarked, the menu changes quickly and often, but market relationships change less often. Why, in the face of a rapidly changing menu of choices, do buyers continue to make many of the same choices year after year! Why do the same firms and products seem to reappear in computing in spite of technical change! When changes to market relationships occur, what does it tell us about forces for stasis or change? One cannot hope to develop a comprehensive understanding of the long-run forces for either change or stasis in one article. Nevertheless, to help in that endeavor, I outline a few key concepts. Instead of examining what firms should do, I explain why things happen, the former being much more strategy-oriented. This will be accomplished by showing both historical and contemporary events.
The Promiscuous Receptor — Prostate Cancer Comes of Age

It has been known for almost a century that testosterone and its intracellular mediator, dihydrotestosterone, control the development and function of the prostate gland. Huggins and his colleagues ...
Further evidence on the validity of the self typing paragraph approach: Miles and snow strategic archetypes in banking

An analysis of 399 banks self typed as prospectors, analyzers or defenders indicated that the self typing paragraph approach was a useful measurement instrument which has reasonable convergent validity, supporting Shortell and Zajac (1990), and providing further evidence of the value of the self typing paragraph approach in strategy research.
Fast Response, Noninvasive, Potentiometric Microelectrodes Resolve Single Potassium Channel Activity in the Diffusive Boundary Layer of a Single Cell

Ion transport across the plasma membrane of cells involves an inevitable chemical modification of the solutions on both sides. Noninvasive, real-time detection of these subtle ionic signatures is most easily achieved in the extracellular diffusive boundary layer with electrochemical detection. In order to perform these measurements near single cells it is critical to use a device that enables high spatial and temporal resolution. While ion-selective microelectrodes (ISMs) provide the high spatial resolution, they give rise to orders of magnitude increase in the time constant and response time of the microsensors when compared to larger sensors. By constructing and using fast response ISMs biological events as brief as 10 ms have been resolved. The signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced with self-referencing and signal processing techniques, enabling long-term monitoring of small magnitude, steady ion gradients and rapid ionic transients that reflect the physiological and metabolic activity of single cells.
Entropy-Based Metric for Characterization of Delayed Voltage Recovery

In this paper, we introduce a novel entropy-based metric to characterize the fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) phenomenon. In particular, we make use of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to determine both the rate and the level of voltage recovery following a fault or disturbance. The computation of the entropy-based measure relies on voltage time-series data and is independent of the underlying system model used to generate the voltage time-series. The proposed measure provides quantitative information about the degree of WECC voltage performance violation for FIDVR phenomenon. The quantitative measure for violation allows one to compare the voltage responses of different buses to various contingencies and to rank order them, based on the degree of violation.
Segregation of fatty acids by preferential neutralization

It has been shown that soybean fatty acids neutralized with a mixture of 40% of sodium hydroxide and 60% of barium hydroxide (on equivalent basis) form about 35% soluble soaps, which after separating from the insoluble soaps and splitting with sulfuric acid, form fatty acids of about 165 iodine number. From these acids a synthetic drying oil was prepared by esterification with glycerol which formed films almost as good as those of linseed oil.
Statistical Rigidity in Schizophrenic and Normal Groups Measured with Auditory and Visual Stimuli

As rigidity has been regarded as an important variable in the description of personality, its operations and characteristics have been described in detail. It has been frequently described as decreased variability of behavior, e.g., Werner (1946) has emphasized that rigidity is a lack of behavioral variability and that it may be exhibited in varying ways in different situations. Fisher (1950) has observed that flexibility (lack of rigidity) in the individual is . revealed only when he exhibits ability to use alternate modes of response. He further states that rigidity is an overt behavioral manifestation and it is conceived as a single restricted continuum, i.e., all rigid behavior can be classified as the inability to use alternate modes of response. The position taken here is in essential agreement with Fisher's notions. In the present study, rigidity is conceptualized as a reliable and characteristic type of behavior. A person's behavior will be called "rigid" if he consistently responds in an invariant fashion. Rigidity may be observed in the prejudiced person who reacts in a stereotyped fashion toward individuals in an outgroup, in mental defectives who perseverate on items in a test, in the acquiescent person, and in the negative person who often disagrees with everyone and everything. I t should be noted that the kind of response is not particularly pertinent to the statistical concept of rigidity presently being considered. Rather it is the lack of response variability which is important. The concept of rigidity readily lends itself to statistical definition, e.g., both previously mentioned writers have suggested that rigidity is a lack of variability of response. Specifically, rigidity may be defined as decreased variance of responses in stimulus situations for which no definitive response is apparent to the individual. Rigidity is the failure to make a differential response to differential stimulus patterns. This definition implies that rigidity is nonadaptive behavior. The present definition of rigidity involves two basic assumptions. First, some responses are more similar to the mean or typical response than others. In other words, there are many responses a person may make to a series of stimuli and these responses have varying degrees of similarity to each ocher. For example, a response of "like slightly" is more similar to "like m u c h than is the response "dislike slightly." This assumption allows us to apply arith-
Dietary magnesium deficiency induces heart rhythm changes, impairs glucose tolerance, and decreases serum cholesterol in post menopausal women

Objective: To determine whether or not dietary magnesium restriction to about 33% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) causes changes in glucose, cholesterol and electrolyte metabolism that could lead to pathologic consequences.Design: The length of the experiment was 136 days. Subjects were fed a basal Western-type diet that provided 4.16 mmol (101 mg) magnesium per 8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) for 78 days then replenished with magnesium by supplementing the diet with 200 mg magnesium as the gluconate per day for 58 days. If a subject exhibited adverse heart rhythm changes before 78 days of depletion were completed, she entered the repletion period early.Setting: The metabolic research unit of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center.Subjects: A total of 14 post menopausal women were recruited by advertisement throughout the United States. Thirteen women (ages 47 to 75 years) completed the study.Results: During magnesium depletion, heart rhythm changes appeared in 5 women and resulted in 4 prematurely...
Display integration for ground combat vehicles

The United States Army's requirement to employ high resolution target acquisition sensors and information warfare to increase its dominance over enemy forces has led to the need to integrate advanced display devices into ground combat vehicle crew stations. The Army's force structure require the integration of advanced displays on both existing and emerging ground combat vehicle systems. The fielding of second generation target acquisition sensors, color digital terrain maps and high volume digital command and control information networks on these platforms define display performance requirements. The greatest challenge facing the system integrator is the development and integration of advanced displays that meet operational, vehicle and human computer interface performance requirements for the ground combat vehicle fleet. The subject of this paper is to address those challenges: operational and vehicle performance, non-soldier centric crew station configurations, display performance limitations related to human computer interfaces and vehicle physical environments, display technology limitations and the Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition reform initiatives. How the ground combat vehicle Program Manager and system integrator are addressing these challenges are discussed through the integration of displays on fielded, current and future close combat vehicle applications.
Rheological properties of acid converted waxy maize starches in water and 90% DMSO/10% water

Abstract Rheological properties of acid-converted Amioca starches in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/10% water and 100% water were examined. Rheological flow data was described using Cross and Carreau models while zero-shear viscosities were found for starches that had been acid modified at least 25 min, apparent yield stresses were exhibited by unconverted Amioca dispersions. Dynamic rheological tests showed that the acid modified starch dispersions behaved like Newtonian liquid-like solutions, while unconverted Amioca dispersions behaved like weak gels. The Cox–Merz rule was followed by starches that had been acid modified for at least 45 min. The reduction in molecule size of acid converted starches (+45 min) allowed the Cox–Merz rule to hold as opposed to the highly branched Amioca and 25 min acid converted starches which showed apparent viscosity higher than complex viscosity.
Elevated Incidence of Posttransplant Erythrocytosis After Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation

Posttransplant erythrocytosis (PTE) poses a potential risk of thrombosis in kidney transplantation. Clinical observation of our systemically drained simultaneous kidney pancreas transplant (S-SPK) patients showed a higher incidence of PTE and need for phlebotomies. To evaluate the incidence of PTE we analyzed hematocrit (Hct) levels and frequency of phlebotomies in 94 SPK as compared to 174 living donor (LD) recipients and 53 type-I diabetic with kidney transplant only. For study purposes we defined PTE as Hct >50% or the necessity for phlebotomies. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between the transplant type and PTE. We found an increased incidence of PTE in SPK compared to LD (p < 0.001). In the multivariate model, SPK had a 5-fold risk for the development of PTE (AHR 5.3, 95% CI 1.8, 15.9). The incidence of therapeutic phlebotomy was 13% among SPK patients and 4% in LD kidney recipients; 19 patients altogether. A total of 64 units were phlebotomized (48-SPK and 16-LD). Type I diabetic patients with a kidney transplant showed a 0% incidence of PTE. We observed a greater incidence of PTE and phlebotomies in S-SPK compared to LD with kidney only transplant recipients.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Congenital Corneal Leukomas (Peters' Anomaly)

Specimens of three corneas in two patients with Peter's anomaly were obtained at the time of penetrating keratoplasty and studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In one patient, the anomaly was monocular, and the endothelial surface showed a central defect in Descemet's layer with isolated rounded defects in the midperiphery. Fine collagenous material covered the posterior surface. The other two specimens were obtained from a patient with rubella syndrome without cataracts. The cornea showed malformation of Descemet's membrane with fibroblastic overgrowth on the endothelial layer. Epithelial-like cells and leukocytes were also found. The congenital central leukoma we believe was caused by adhesion of the pupillary membrane in our first patient, and possibly was inflammatory in our second patient.
Evidence for the involvement of prolactin in the maternal behavior of the hamster

The hormonal basis of maternal behavior in the hamster has not been clearly established. Treatment of parturient females on the day of delivery with the prolactin release inhibitor, bromocriptine, resulted in a significant disruption of maternal responsiveness at doses as low as 0.5 mg When pregnant females were implanted with ectopic pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule on day 8 or 9 of gestation to elevate circulating prolactin levels, there was no disruption of maternal behavior after bromocriptine injection on the day of delivery. Taken together, these data indicate that prolactin may be an important modulator of the natural onset of maternal behavior at parturition in the hamster.
Challenges in Channel Measurement and Modeling for RF Localization Inside the Human Body

In this invited paper, the authors introduce an overview of the fundamentals of radio frequency RF channel measurement and modeling techniques needed for localization inside the human body. To address these fundamentals, the authors use capsule endoscopy as an example application. The authors first provide the results of the Cramer Rao Lower Bound CRLB for received signal strength RSS based endoscopy capsule localization, inside the human body, using existing path-loss models for radio propagation. Then challenges demanding further research are highlighted for attaining more precise localization using the time-of-arrival TOA based ranging techniques.
Hyaluronidase‐enhanced connective‐tissue attachment to demineralized root and pulpal dentin

Treatment of demineralized dentin with hyaluronidase seems to increase exposure of collagen fibrils. The present study compared the in vivo connective-tissue response to dentin treated with citric acid alone and with citric acid plus hyaluronidase. Dentin specimens were obtained from areas beneath attached periodontal ligament fibers on extracted human teeth. Each rectangular specimen had a face of root surface dentin and an opposite surface composed of pulpal dentin. One group was treated with citric acid alone (A); a second group with both citric acid and hyaluronidase (AH); and a third group served as untreated controls (C). Specimens were examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for morphologic characteristics, and used in an implantation model to evaluate cell, connective-tissue and epithelial responses. In the latter procedures, specimens were implanted transcutaneously into incisional wounds on the dorsal surfaces of rats. Four specimens in each group were evaluated 10 days after implantation and analyzed using histologic and histometric methods. SEM examination showed that the surface of the control specimens had a smear layer which concealed the openings of dentinal tubules. Dentinal tubule orifices were present on the surface of A and AH specimens. Enhanced exposure of the collagen fibrils was apparent on AH surfaces. The histologic and histometric analyses of A and AH groups showed that cell adhesion and fiber density did not differ between root and pulpal surfaces, or between A and AH-treated implants. However, a significantly greater number of cells were attached to A and AH surfaces than controls. In addition, fiber attachment was not present in the control group. A distinct eosinophilic surface zone was present on A and AH surfaces, which was significantly wider on pulpal surfaces and in AH specimens. The connective-tissue attachment that occurred in A and AH groups inhibited epithelial down-growth. The length of implant surface exhibiting connective-tissue attachment was significantly greater in AH specimens. It appeared that hyaluronidase treatment of the exposed collagen had increased the area of connective-tissue attachment to the implant surface.
A new fluorogenic calix[4]arene N-dansylcarboxamide in the cone conformation for selective optical recognition of mercury(II)

Abstract A novel fluorogenic calix[4]arene dansylcarboxamide in the cone conformation has been synthesized as the disodium salt and employed in optical recognition of mercury(II). In extraction from aqueous solutions with high content of competing Na+ (CNa+ ∼0.1 M; pH 5.0, acetate buffer) into CHCl3, the fluoroionophore allowed for detection of 8.0 × 10−7 M Hg2+ (1:1 complex; K ex app = 2.6 × 10 4 ) with high selectivity over many other relevant metal ions.
Elementary Particles in a Curved Space

We report a beginning in a project to determine the consequences of the following assumption, "that a physical theory in flat space is obtainable as the limit of a physical theory in a curved space." Because of the absence of groups of motion in general curved spaces, we discuss only the case of constant curvature. Then operators of angular and linear momentum exist, and we show that the interesting irreducible unitary representations of the group of motions reduce very simply to those of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group in the limit of zero curvature.
LIPID ALDEHYDE MEDIATED CROSS-LINKING OF APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 INHIBITS SECRETION FROM HEPG2 CELLS

Hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are common features of several prevalent disease states, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common component of the metabolic syndrome. These conditions are characterized in part by excessive accumulation of lipids within hepatocytes, which can lead to autocatalytic degradation of cellular lipids giving rise to electrophilic end products of lipid peroxidation. The pathobiology of reactive lipid aldehydes remains poorly understood. We therefore sought to investigate the effects of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 4-oxononenal (4-ONE) on the transport and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein using HepG2 cells as a model hepatocyte system. Physiologically relevant concentrations of 4-HNE and 4-ONE rapidly disrupted cellular microtubules in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, 4-ONE reduced apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) secretion while 4-HNE did not significantly impair secretion. Both 4-HNE and 4-ONE formed adducts with ApoB protein, but 4-HNE adducts were detectable as mono-adducts, while 4-ONE adducts were present as protein-protein cross-links. These results demonstrate that reactive aldehydes generated by lipid peroxidation can differ in their biological effects, and that these differences can be mechanistically explained by the structures of the protein adducts formed.
Spiral-path high-sensitivity silicon photonic wire molecular sensor with temperature-independent response

We demonstrate a new silicon photonic wire waveguide evanescent field (PWEF) sensor that exploits the strong evanescent field of the transverse magnetic mode of this high-index-contrast, submicrometer-dimension waveguide. High sensitivity is achieved by using a 2 mm long double-spiral waveguide structure that fits within a compact circular area of 150 μm diameter, facilitating compatibility with commercial spotting apparatus and the fabrication of densely spaced sensor arrays. By incorporating the PWEF sensor element into a balanced waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer circuit, a minimum detectable mass of ~10 fg of streptavidin protein is demonstrated with near temperature-independent response.
Pontine pure motor hemiparesis due to meningovascular syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.

To the Editor. —Johns et al 1 have called attention to the occurrence of a stroke syndrome of pure motor hemiparesis (PMH) in the setting of meningovascular neurosyphilis in patients with evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Their two patients had magnetic resonance imaging documentation of infarction in the contralateral basis pontis as the mechanism of the PMH. These, and the following observation, suggest that this infectious central nervous system vasculitis may have a predilection for involvement of pontine branches of the basilar artery. Report of a Case. —A 26-year-old homosexual man developed a penile chancre one year prior to admission. Three months later, he presented with a palmar erythematous rash, positive rapid plasma reagin test results (1:1024), and a positive (3+) serum fluorescent treponemal antibody test result. He was treated with two intramuscular doses of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin one week apart. For two months prior to
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Objectives. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a technique in which a fine needle is introduced into a mass, cellular material is aspirated, and a cytological diagnosis is rendered. It separates reactive and inflammatory processes that do not require surgical intervention from neoplasia and benign from malignant tumors. FNAB lends itself to the diagnosis of palpable head and neck masses, in particular, those that persist following antibiotic treatment. Study Design/Methods. This clinical state-of-the-art review article is intended to provide an overview of the clinical use of FNAB in the management of head and neck masses. Relevant case histories are used to illustrate this point. Results. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy has a high overall diagnostic accuracy of 95% for all head and neck masses, 95% for benign lesions, and 87% for malignant ones. Conclusions. There are virtually no contraindications, and complications are minimal. Advantages of FNAB are that it is safe and simple, it can be performed as an outpatient procedure, and it is well tolerated by patients. In the present managed care environment, it also proves cost-effective. The diagnosis is readily known to the clinician, and appropriate treatment modalities can be discussed with the patient. It is recommended as a first line of investigation in palpable head and neck masses.
Immunogenetic polymorphism of lipoproteins in swine. 1. Four additional serum β‐lipoprotein allotypes (Lpp2, Lpp4, Lpp5 and Lpp15) in the Lpp system1

Summary Four additional swine serum lipoprotein allotypes are described. Specific anti-allotype reagents were obtained from alloimmune precipitating sera produced in lipoprotein-defined-type recipients immunized with normal sera and subsequently with lipoprotein fractions. Identification studies indicate that the four serologically defined low-density lipoprotein (LDL) variants, designated Lpp2, Lpp4, Lpp5 and Lpp15, are members of a previously described Lpp system. The individual specificities, Lpp2, Lpp4 and Lpp5, are determined by three co-dominant autosomal genes, Lpp2, Lpp4 and Lpp5, respectively, whereas the common specificity, Lpp 15, is controlled by a complex of genetic information of the Lpp- and Lpp* genes, and by the two previously described alleles, Lpp1 and Lpp3; Lpp15 occurs on the same molecule with respective individual specificity. The Lpp5 and Lpp15 antigens behave as a pair of alternative allotypic specificities. The double immunodiffusion test in agar was employed to demonstrate independent phenotypic expression of each allelic gene in the Lpp heterozygous animals, for the analysis of the immune sera, and for lipoprotein testing of 3305 sera. Marked differences in gene frequencies were found between the swine breeds tested. As a result of characteristic frequencies, only nine of 15 possible Lpp genotypes were found in the breeding herds tested; the remaining six genotypes were obtained from testcross matings.
Love, self-esteem, and multiple sclerosis

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive chronic disease which generally appears in early adulthood. The debilitating symptoms of MS can have adverse effects on the sufferer's self-esteem, a vital coping resource for sufferers of chronic diseases. This study explores the effects of positive affect and social isolation—conceived broadly together as love—on self-esteem. We found that love was the most powerful predictor of self-esteem, followed by attitude stage, number of years since diagnosis, social class, and physical restriction.
Bacteremia in Pediatric Patients Following Dental Manipulations Antibiotic Prophylaxis Still Warranted

A recent study has claimed that children who do not have gingivitis do not have bacteremia following dental manipulations and that these children do not require antibiotic prophylaxis. Postoperative blood cultures from 53 children and adolescents with and without gingivitis drawn within ten minutes of elevation of the gums, extraction of teeth, and extensive gin givectomies were sterile in all cases. The collec tion and laboratory methods and media were carefully evaluated and found satisfactory. However, the time interval between the dental procedure and the collection of the blood is believed to have been too short for reliable results and that the abandonment of the anti biotic prophylaxis in children is unwarranted.
Effects of surface ions on the friction and adhesion properties of mica

Friction Force Microscopy studies on ion-exchanged mica surfaces at different humidity levels were performed. Ion exchange was achieved by treating the potassium mica (muscovite) in different solutions to replace K+ surface ions by Ca2+, Mg2+, and H+. It is found that these different surface ions can significantly modify the tribological properties of mica.
Minds and machines: Computers and cognition in a liberal arts context

A series of simple experiments is used to demonstrate to undergraduates that mental phenomena are real, that they can be studied experimentally, and that they can be modeled insightfully in computational (i.e., information-processing) terms. Each experiment illustrates a basic fact, concept, or principle of cognitive science: the formal character of algorithms; creativity and the variants of the Turing test; limitations on human memories; the use of cognitive strategies; heuristic techniques of artificial intelligence; formal grammars and their associated parsers; societal and anthropological dimensions of mind; and degrees of logicality in human reasoning. Students are also taught the essentials of PROLOG, a programming language that is based explicitly on formal logic, incorporating such notions as fact, database, and query, thereby lending itself readily to the description of complex relational networks of a sort not commonly expected to be amenable to computer analysis.
Localization of structures for pion radiotherapy by computerized tomography and orthodiagraphic projection

Clinical trials of pion radiotherapy are being conducted at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) in Los Alamos. For pion treatment planning, computerized tomography (CT) is used for three-dimensional localization of tumor and critical normal structures and for corrections for tissue inhomogeneities. Techniques that make anatomical information on CT scans directly transferable to therapy planning are described, as well as a technique for taking simulation and verification portal films using orthodiagraphic projection. Several requirements for direct use of CT scans in pion treatment planning are discussed. Finally, the effects of patient positioning on organ and tumor mobility and tissue inhomogeneity as shown by CT images are demonstrated.
Interaction of bovine complement with Fasciola hepatica.

Abstract The host-parasite relationship of Fasciola hepatica in cattle was characterized by determining the effects of the parasite on the bovine complement system. Phosphosaline extracts of F. hepatica adults inhibited both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation in normal bovine and human sera in a protein dose-dependent manner. The in vitro reaction of viable newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) with bovine serum (NBS) and with bovine serum containing antibodies specific to F. hepatica (IBS) resulted in no detectable changes in serum hemolytic complement activity for either pathway. This lack of complement consumption occurred even though these same flukes incubated in IBS for at least 24 h developed a precipitate that adhered to the parasite tegument, a feature that may reflect antibody—antigen reactions.
Holton's Evaluation Model: New Evidence and Construct Elaborations:

The problem and the solution. Holton proposed the HRD Evaluation and Research Model as a comprehensive framework for diagnosing and understanding the causal influences of HRD intervention outcomes. Unfortunately, a full test of Holton's model has not been possible because tools to measure the constructs in the model did not exist. This article reviews recent studies relevant to the constructs in Holton’s model and updates it by delineating specific constructs that should be measured in each of the conceptual categories proposed.
Imagery and Verbal Elaboration in Learning and Multiple Associates

From current theory on the differential effectiveness of imagery over verbal elaboration one would expect imagery to be especially effective when the task requires recall of more information for each associative unit. A modified paired-associate task, requiring recall of three responses for each stimulus, was administered to college students under both imagery and verbal mediation instructions. Contrary to expectation, no significant differences were obtained between mediation instructions. The results were interpreted with respect to the nature of instructions and the structural features of the task.
UIA: a user information architecture for personal devices

We are heading for a device information disaster. Many people already store information on dozens of devices, but are unable to organize and find their scattered information effectively. A given picture might be on a digital camera, a home PC, a laptop, an iPod Photo, or a cell phone. Even knowing a file's location is often not enough, because the relevant device may be on the far side of a firewall or not currently plugged into a PC's USB port. Sharing pictures, documents, or multimedia with family, friends, and colleagues today requires one to upload the information from a portable device to a personal computer and then E-mail it, or copy files via a physical medium such as a USB key.
Activation of the Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibits Invasive and Metastatic Features of Human Breast Cancer Cells and Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Differentiation

The current statistics associated with breast cancer continue to show a relatively high recurrence rate together with a poor survival for aggressive metastatic disease. These findings reflect, in part, the pharmaceutical intractability of processes involved in the metastatic process and highlight the need to identify additional drug targets for the treatment of late-stage disease. In the current study, we report that ligand activation of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibits multiple aspects of the metastatic process in a panel of breast cancer cell lines that represent the major breast cancer subtypes. Specifically, it was observed that treatment with exogenous AhR agonists significantly inhibited cell invasiveness and motility in the Boyden chamber assay and inhibited colony formation in soft agar regardless of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. Knockdown of the AhR using small interfering RNA duplexes demonstrated that the inhibition of invasiveness was receptor dependent and that endogenous receptor activity was protective in each cell type examined. The inhibition of invasiveness and anchorage-independent growth correlated with the ability of exogenous AhR agonists to promote differentiation. Finally, exogenous AhR agonists were able to promote differentiation in a putative mammary cancer stem cell line. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the AhR plays an important role in mammary epithelial differentiation and, as such, represent a promising therapeutic target for a range of phenotypically distinct human breast cancers.
Reducing Shock Interactions in Transonic Turbine via Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Shaping

In a high-pressure turbine that is used in combination with a contrarotating low-pressure turbine, the geometry of the low-pressure turbine guide vane gives rise to a shock reflection that has a significant impact on the upstream blade. In consequence, both the performance of the high-pressure turbine and its resistance to high-cycle fatigue failure (i.e., its durability) can be affected. Here, a series of design studies is undertaken in an attempt to mitigate the unsteadiness that arises due to shock interactions in such a turbine. A new method for estimating the forcing function experienced by the high-pressure turbine blade is proposed and evaluated. This method, identified as approximation by surface normal projections, requires only the airfoil geometries and locations as input and demonstrates a significant advantage over an approach to three-dimensional aerodesign consisting exclusively of time-resolved, multirow simulations. The implementation of the approximation by surface normal projections met...
MULTICRITERIA SPATIAL PRICE EQUILIBRIUM NETWORK DESIGN: THEORY AND COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS

Abstract In this paper we consider the problem of determining the optimal design of a transportation network using a vector valued criterion function when the flow pattern is assumed to correspond to a spatial price equilibrium. This problem arises in rail and freight network design, where the spatial price equilibrium is a better behavioral description than the Wardropian user equilibrium characteristic of urban transportation applications. We describe two alternative heuristic solution techniques for the multicriteria spatial price equilibrium network design problem. The first is based on iteration between a pure spatial price equilibrium model and a vector optimization model with only nonnegativity constraints. The second solution technique employs the Hooke and Jeeves algorithm for nonlinear programming to solve a vector optimization model with implicit constraints guaranteeing a spatial price equilibrium flow pattern. In these solution procedures, rather than represent the equilibrium problem as a mathematical program, as is normally done for the Wardropian traffic assignment problems used in urban applications, we employ an original nonlinear complementarity formulation of the spatial price equilibrium problem written entirely in terms of nodal and arc variables and solved extremely efficiently through the iterative application of a linear complementarity algorithm. The nonlinear complementarity formulation allows us to address problems with asymmetric transportation cost, commodity demand and commodity supply functions without the specialized diagonalization/relaxation algorithms required by other approaches.
Removal of methoxyethoxymethyl ethers with trimethylsilyl chloride-sodium iodide

Abstract Trimethylsilyl chloride-sodium iodide has been used for the mild removal of methoxyethoxymethyl ethers.