cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-infection of Market-age Turkeys with Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in Two Stress Models

Abstract We have hypothesized that stress-induced subclinical infection of turkeys with Listeria monocytogenes may be an overlooked source of processing plant contamination, and we have shown that concurrent Escherichia coli challenge can increase L. monocytogenes colonization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) immunosuppressive treatment and transport stress on the isolation of L. monocytogenes in an E. coli–L. monocytogenes challenge model. Thirteen-week-old male turkeys housed in floor pens were either nonchallenged (NCH) or challenged (CH) by environmental exposure to E. coli and L. monocytogenes Scott A, using both a coarse spray and feed inclusion. One group of both NCH and CH birds was not stressed (NCH-Con and CH-Con, respectively), a second group was treated with Dex during challenge (NCH-Dex and CH-Dex, respectively), and a third group was subjected to a 12-hour transport (Trans) stress protocol at 15 wk of age (NCH-Trans and CH-Trans, respectively)....
Examining Student Satisfaction Of Online Statistics Courses

This survey research of 55 participants was completed at a private university to determine students’ satisfaction of statistic online courses. The study explored the students’ satisfaction of course components: online statistics, online instruction, communication, assessment, and overall student satisfaction. The findings showed a positive satisfaction with overall means between 3.66 and 4.00 in a 5 point Likert-scale with a 5 meaning strong agreement with satisfaction of the course. The highest area of satisfaction was the category of assessment (M= 4.00) and the lowest area was the category of student overall satisfaction (M= 3.66). In addition, the study examined age, gender, teaching experience, and overall satisfaction of the course with the overall average of satisfaction.
Natural convection heat transfer in enclosures fitted with a periodic array of hot roughness elements at the bottom

The natural convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure fitted with a periodic array of hot roughness elements at the bottom is investigated numerically. The numerical investigation is carried out for the ranges of Rayleigh numbers (RaH) and aspect ratios (W/H) from 102 to 105 and from 1.0 to 4.0, respectively, at a Prandtl number (Pr) of 0.707. Increase in heat transfer is obtained when the roughness element phase shift is equal to half its period. The increment in heat transfer is more significant for enclosures with higher values of roughness element amplitude. The highest value of heat transfer enhancement obtained in this research is 78%. This is obtained for an enclosure with W/H = 4.0 at RaH = 102.
Imaging the Distribution of Magnetic Nanoparticles With Ultrasound

Magnetic nanoparticles can be caused to oscillate under the influence of an incident ultrasonic wave. If the particles are momentarily aligned with a magnetizing pulse creating a macroscopic magnetization, this oscillation will result in a time-varying magnetic moment which should be detectable as an induced voltage in a nearby pickup coil. In this way, focused ultrasound can be used to map, or image, the spatial distribution of the magnetic particles after these particles have been introduced into the body. The magnetic particles could be antibody-labeled to target tumor cells or used as a cardiovascular contrast agent, among other applications. The magnitude of the induced signal is estimated for one micron particles with a Fe/tissue volume fraction of 10-6, which is about the limit of detectability for MRI superparamagnetic contrast agents consisting of single domain iron-oxide particles. One advantage of this method compared to conventional MRI is potentially greater sensitivity due to the absence of a large background signal
Middle Eastern Lives in America

Middle Eastern Lives in America. Amir Marvasti and Karyn D. McKinney. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 171 pp.
Preparation of (S)‐2‐Allyl‐2‐Methylcyclohexanone

Pimelic acid Allyl alcohol p-Tolunesulfonic acid monohydrate Diallyl pimelate Iodomethane Allyl 1-methyl-2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate Tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0) (S)-tert-ButylPHOX (S)-2-Allyl-2-methylcyclohexanone Sodium acetate Semicarbazide hydrochloride (S)-2-Allyl-2-methylcyclohexylidiene)hydrazinecarboximide Keywords: allylmethylcyclohexanone; dieckmann cyclization; ketones; enantioselective decarboxylative allylation; allyl beta-keto esters; waste disposal; safety
Topical alprostadil for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder.

Female sexual dysfunction is a common disorder that is present in over 40% of women in the USA. An evaluation of female sexual dysfunction differs greatly from male erectile dysfunction in that female sexual dysfunction is a very general term that encompasses a variety of sexual complaints in women, rather than a specific physiological disorder. No pharmacological treatment is presently approved for the treatment of the myriad of disorders that are involved in female sexual dysfunction. One of the more common disorders of female sexual dysfunction involves disturbances in objective or subjective sexual arousal. Sexual arousal in women has a central component and a peripheral, or vulvar, component. Disorders in vulvar blood flow and stimulation may lead to decreased genital and central arousal. A logical corollary of this statement is that an improvement in local blood flow by the use of a local or systemic vasodilator may lead to an increase in overall sexual arousal and an increase in sexual satisfaction...
Restoration of p53 function leads to tumour regression in vivo

The p53 tumour suppressor is either mutated or inactivated by other alterations in most human cancers. Two papers in this issue show that even brief reactivation of the endogenous p53 genes in established tumours can cause cancer regression in some animal models. In some tumours, p53 reactivation causes cellular senescence associated with an innate immune response that contributes to tumour clearance. These experiments used gene manipulation to alter p53 levels, but they lend further support to the idea that p53-boosting drugs could be a useful form of cancer treatment. One of two papers showing that reactivation of the endogenous p53 tumour suppressor genes in established tumours causes cancer regression. In some tumours, p53 reactivation causes cellular senescence associated with an innate immune response that contributes to tumour clearance. Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process that requires activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes1. Mouse models of human cancers have recently demonstrated that continuous expression of a dominantly acting oncogene (for example, Hras, Kras and Myc) is often required for tumour maintenance2,3,4,5; this phenotype is referred to as oncogene addiction6. This concept has received clinical validation by the development of active anticancer drugs that specifically inhibit the function of oncoproteins such as BCR-ABL, c-KIT and EGFR7,8,9,10. Identifying additional gene mutations that are required for tumour maintenance may therefore yield clinically useful targets for new cancer therapies. Although loss of p53 function is a common feature of human cancers11, it is not known whether sustained inactivation of this or other tumour suppressor pathways is required for tumour maintenance. To explore this issue, we developed a Cre-loxP-based strategy to temporally control tumour suppressor gene expression in vivo. Here we show that restoring endogenous p53 expression leads to regression of autochthonous lymphomas and sarcomas in mice without affecting normal tissues. The mechanism responsible for tumour regression is dependent on the tumour type, with the main consequence of p53 restoration being apoptosis in lymphomas and suppression of cell growth with features of cellular senescence in sarcomas. These results support efforts to treat human cancers by way of pharmacological reactivation of p53.
Evaluation of 18F-nifene binding to α4β2 nicotinic receptors in the rat brain using microPET imaging

MicroPET imaging studies using 18F-nifene, a new positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR) α4β2 receptors in rats, have been carried out. Rats were imaged for 90 min after intravenous injection of 18F-nifene (0.8 to 1 mCi), and binding potential (BPND) was measured. 18F-Nifene binding to thalamic and extrathalamic brain regions was consistent with the α4β2 nAChR distribution in the rat brain. Using the cerebellum as a reference, the values for the thalamus varied less than 5% (BPND = 1.30, n = 3), confirming reproducibility of 18F-nifene binding. 18F-Nifene microPET imaging was also used to evaluate effects of nicotine in a group of Sprague-Dawley rats under isoflurane anesthesia. Nicotine challenge postadministration of 18F-nifene demonstrated reversibility of 18F-nifene binding in vivo. For α4β2 nAChR receptor occupancy (nAChROCC), various doses of nicotine (0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/kg nicotine free base) 15 min prior to 18F-nifene were administered. Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached > 80% nAChROCC while at higher doses (0.25 mg) > 90% nAChROCC was measured. The small amount of 18F-nifene binding with reference to the cerebellum affects an accurate evaluation of nAChROCC. Efforts are underway to identify alternate reference regions for 18F-nifene microPET studies in rodents.
Improved outdoor measurements for Very High Efficiency Solar Cell sub-modules

Very High Efficiency Solar Cell (VHESC) program is developing integrated optical/photovoltaic modules for portable applications that operate at 50 percent efficiency. Test sub-modules incorporating four p-n junctions and corresponding optics have been realized and are predicted to realize efficiency greater than 40%. Phased implementation requires corresponding measurement to inspect accomplished work and provide improvement direction for the next step. The comparison between the real performance of the four-junction test sub-module and the theoretical prediction of its efficiency is a significant indication of the realizability of the final VHESC module including six junctions which is designed to achieve 50% efficiency. For the sub-module measurement, a test bed was set up for outdoor test. Previous outdoor measurements of the VHESC test sub-modules resulted in a preliminary sub-module efficiency of 36.2% [1]. As solar cells with better performance were fabricated, the measurement methodology was refined and corresponding improvements were made to the initial test bed. Three test sub-modules containing new solar cells were measured with the new test setup for three different concentration levels at University of Delaware (UD). One test sub-module demonstrated efficiency as high as 39.5%, coupled with 44.3% efficient solar cells and 89.1% efficient optics, at 30.48X concentration. The measurements were taken when the direct light intensity was over 860W/m2 and the I sc was not calibrated to 1000W/m2. Another two test sub-modules including solar cells in the same batch as the ones tested at UD were taken to National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The Isc data of the two test sub-modules were recorded outdoors at NREL when the direct light intensity was over 970 W/m2. In addition, the I sc was calibrated to the standard spectrum condition using ASTM G173 direct data. Comparison of the results shows the difference between the test sub-module efficiency measured at UD and NREL is less than 4%.
THE INFLUENCE OF SALTS ON THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF ACID THROUGH COLLODION MEMBRANES

1. The writer had previously published the observation that if a salt solution made up in an acid solution (e.g. HCl) of a definite pH (e.g. 3.0) is separated by a collodion membrane from pure water containing the same acid of the same pH, acid is at first driven from the salt solution into the water, so that the pH of the latter becomes at first lower than that of the solution. 2. It is shown in this paper that this paradoxical phenomenon is not due to any peculiarity of the membrane but is a consequence of the well known fact that the diffusion constant of an acid is increased by a salt.
Phase I clinical trial of weekly paclitaxel, weekly carboplatin, and concurrent radiotherapy for primary cervical cancer.

Abstract Objectives Standard primary treatment for locally advanced cervix cancer is radiation (RT) with concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy (CT). Incomplete local control and the appearance of distant disease herald poor survival and warrant evaluation of new primary strategies. Paclitaxel and carboplatin are active agents in recurrent cervical carcinoma, have potent, synergistic in vitro radiosensitization, and are cytotoxic in weekly schedules. This study was done to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of weekly paclitaxel/carboplatin chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervix cancer. Methods Women with primary, previously untreated, squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the cervix, FIGO stage IB 2 to IVA, negative para-aortic lymph nodes, adequate organ function and performance status were eligible. Pelvic RT (45 Gy over 5 weeks—180 cGy/day, four-field) was followed by two brachytherapy applications (Point A low dose rate (LDR): 90 Gy, high dose rate (HDR): 75 Gy). Concurrent weekly CT was paclitaxel 50 mg/m 2 and carboplatin, starting at AUC 1.5 and escalating in three-patient cohorts by AUC 0.5 (Max AUC 3.5). Dose escalation followed a 4-week observation period for toxicity. A grade III–IV toxicity prompted up to three additional patients per dose level. A second event defined DLT. CT was administered concurrently throughout brachytherapy. Results Fifteen patients were enrolled and treated over four dose levels until DLT was reached. Median age was 44 years (range, 23–70); stages: IB2: 1, IIB: 9, IIIA: 1, IIIB: 4. Median RT treatment time was 61 days (range, 55–79). Fourteen patients received brachytherapy (LDR: 8, HDR: 6), and one received external RT only due to cervical stenosis. The median number of weekly CT cycles was seven (range, 6–7). One CT dose was dropped in one patient for a grade II thrombocytopenia. One grade III ANC was observed at dose level II (AUC 2.0) but not seen in three additional patients. At dose level IV (AUC 3.0), two grade III–IV ANC toxicities were observed in two patients (DLT). Nine patients had grade II anemia. One patient had grade III anemia. Grade III/IV nonhematologic toxicity was rare (1/15 GI-nausea/vomiting, 1/15 pneumonia, 1/15 hypokalemia). The MTD of carboplatin is AUC 2.5 with paclitaxel 50 mg/m 2 . Median follow-up is 17 months; three patients have recurred and two have died. The estimated 2-year PFS and OS are 80% and 86%. Conclusions Weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin chemoradiation is feasible and active. The MTD for a phase II trial is 50 mg/m 2 and AUC 2.5, respectively.
Systematics of the Genus Pseudolychas Kraepelin (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

The endemic southern African buthid genus Pseudolychas Kraepelin, 1911 is revised for the Þrst time after an examination of the type material and a large number of additional specimens in southern African, European, and American collections. Three species are considered valid: Pseudolychas pegleri (Purcell, 1901), P. ochraceus (Hirst, 1911), and P. transvaalicus Lawrence, 1961. Pseudolychas pegleri nigrimanus Kraepelin, 1911 and P. multicarinatus Hewitt, 1925 (long regarded as P. pegleri multicarinatus) are newly synonymized with P. pegleri. The identity of P. ochraceus is veriÞed by examination of the holotype. Many specimens identiÞed as P. pegleri by previous authors are actually conspeciÞc with P. ochraceus. Specimens of P. pegleri have also been misidentiÞed as P. ochraceus. Revised diagnoses and descriptions are provided for the species of Pseudolychas, together with a key to their identiÞcation, brief summaries of their ecology and conservation status, and a distribution map plotting all known locality records. Pseudolychas ochraceus is suggested to be a parthenogenetic species. A phylogenetic analysis, based on 21 morphological characters and using exemplar species of eight buthid genera as outgroup taxa, conÞrms the monophyly of Pseudolychas and its placement as the sister group of a larger monophyletic group including Grosphus Simon, 1888, Parabuthus Pocock, 1890, and Uroplectes Peters, 1861. The following scheme of relationships is retrieved among the species of Pseudolychas :( P. ochraceus (P. pegleri P. transvaalicus)).
Lysophospholipids in the regulation of endothelial barrier function.

serum is known to contain heat-stable and trypsin-sensitive bioactive factors that possess diverse biological activities, including promotion of wound healing and tissue regeneration as well as inflammatory processes. To date, some of these factors are identified to be lysophospholipid ligands [i.e
Thermophysik der chemischen Verbindungen

Auf den folgenden Seiten werden fur die verschiedenen Klassen von Verbindungen die thermophysikalischen Daten gegeben, soweit sie bekannt sind. Wir stellen die Klasse der Oxyde voran, weil unter diesen die in metallurgischer Hinsicht wichtigsten Verbindungen enthalten sind, so vor allem die Oxyde der Metalle, dann die Oxyde des Kohlenstoffs und des Wasserstoffs, die bei der Verbrennung entstehen, sowie die Oxyde des Schwefels, Arsens und Antimons, die sich bei Rostprozessen bilden. Die Bezeichnungen sind dieselben wie fruher: Sm ist die mittlere spezifische Warme in dem beigefugten Temperaturintervall, S die spezifische Warme bei einer bestimmten, angegebenen Temperatur; Q bezeichnet die Warmemenge, die aufgenommen wird, etwa beim Schmelzen oder Verdampfen oder wenn die Temperatur um eine bestimmte Anzahl Grade erhoht wird. Alle Warmemengen sind in grosen Kalorien angegeben. Die Temperaturen sind Celsiusgrade. Gasvolumina beziehen sich, wenn nichts anderes angegeben ist, auf Normalbedingungen von 0° und 760 mm Druck.
Employing Dianionic Macrocyclic Tetracarbenes To Synthesize Neutral Divalent Metal Complexes

Macrocyclic tetraimidazolium diborate ligand precursors with two different ring sizes have been synthesized by ring-forming reactions between diimidazoles and haloboranes. Deprotonation of the macrocyclic tetraimidazoliums with n-butyllithium followed by the addition of divalent metal salts of palladium or nickel leads to macrocyclic tetracarbene complexes with an 18-atom macrocycle, but not the 16-atom variant. These neutral palladium and nickel complexes are the first examples of macrocyclic tetracarbene diborate complexes, and unlike their cationic counterparts, they are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents. All macrocyclic tetraimidazoliums and their corresponding metal complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques.
Rearing and Release of the House Fly Pupal Parasite Spalangia endius Walker

A field-collected microhymenopteran pupal parasite, Spalangia endius Walker, was mass-cultured in the laboratory. Releases of these pupal parasites near an experimental population of house flies, which was breeding in poultry manure, caused complete eradication of the house flies within 30 days. All house fly pupae collected from the site 37 days after the releases were parasitized.
Central Inhibitory Effects of Carbon Dioxide. IV. Convulsive Phenomena

Summary1. Combination of E.S.T. with CO2 inhibits the convulsion.2. Inhalation of 30% CO2 and 70% O2 produced in all cases observed convulsive phenomena of decerebrate character.
Task-Allocation and Control of a Ground Robots Collective for Warehouse Automation

In the last years, there have been several attempts to deploy Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs) to automate the operation of warehouse environments. The implementation of AGVs has numerous advantages over conventional warehouse automation systems in terms of cost and scalability. In this work, we present the development of a test-bed platform for the utilization of an AGV collective to a warehouse automation system. The system architecture has plug-and-play algorithmic design which makes it extremely modular. In this system, small-scale robotic forklifts are used to transport an arbitrary number of circular pallets to predefined locations. The forklift robots are able to move in the arena without colliding each other due to the implementation of a centralized deconfliction algorithm. A task allocation algorithm prevents the forklift drives from being trapped by a fence of pallets. The performance of the proposed system is validated by both simulation and experimental results.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Development of a Handy Shuttle Speed Meter

A handy shuttle speed meter, consisted of two sets of photoelect Tic switch, has been developed. It might be useful to control the shuttle looms operating in weaving mills.The main features of the handy shuttle speed meter are as follolAs : 1) the mean velocity of a shuttle can be ea-sily measured, and2) the velocity can be obtained with in one percent in standard error, when two sets of switch are held one meter apart.
Synthetic Biology Reveals the Uniqueness of the RIP Kinase Domain.

The RIP kinases (RIPKs) play an essential role in inflammatory signaling and inflammatory cell death. However, the function of their kinase activity has been enigmatic, and only recently has kinase domain activity been shown to be crucial for their signal transduction capacity. Despite this uncertainty, the RIPKs have been the subject of intense pharmaceutical development with a number of compounds currently in preclinical testing. In this work, we seek to determine the functional redundancy between the kinase domains of the four major RIPK family members. We find that although RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK4 are similar in that they can all activate NF-κB and induce NF-κB essential modulator ubiquitination, only RIPK2 is a dual-specificity kinase. Domain swapping experiments showed that the RIPK4 kinase domain could be converted to a dual-specificity kinase and is essentially indistinct from RIPK2 in biochemical and molecular activity. Surprisingly, however, replacement of RIPK2’s kinase domain with RIPK4’s did not complement a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 signaling or gene expression induction defect in RIPK2−/− macrophages. These findings suggest that RIPK2’s kinase domain is functionally unique compared with other RIPK family members and that pharmacologic targeting of RIPK2 can be separated from the other RIPKs.
Study on the surface potential(ξ)and the biology harmfulness of some non-metallic minerals fiber powder.

Based on the former study on mechanism of the biology harmfulness caused by the surface active group feature (surface potential, biology activity ) of the minerals powder, the surface potential (ξ) characteristic of some non-metallic minerals powder and the mechanism of biology harmfulness caused by surface potential (ξ) in foe theory of biochendstry and molecule cell biology were studied. Besides fiber form and endurance of the minerals powder, one of the important factors causing pathogenesis is surface potential (■) characteristic of the minerals powder.
On the Course Reformation of《Logistical Purchasing Management》Based Action-Oriented Teaching Method

With the development of educational reformation in vocational college,the"working-process and action-oriented"conception was widely applied.The utilization of action-oriented teaching method in vocational college logistical education,is a useful exploration of teacher promote professional course reformation and boost the talents' occupation ability.
A case of new‐onset cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia in a patient receiving ibrutinib for relapsed mantle cell lymphoma

Ibrutinib is a first-in-class inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which is approved for use in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Although ibrutinib has been linked to an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, this is the first report of an association with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmia.
Validation of a New Method for Quantification of Ammonia Volatilization from Agricultural Field Plots

A modified low-cost method of measuring ammonia (NH3) volatilization is described for use with static chambers. This technique utilizes glass tubes coated with oxalic acid placed inside the chambers to adsorb NH3 being evolved from soil. The advantage of this procedure is that it can be used to quantify NH3 emissions from field plots used for evaluating multiple management practices in an agricultural field. A correction factor is required to accurately estimate NH3 levels inside the static chambers. In addition, if the static chambers are made of an NH3 absorbing material, another correction is needed to obtain an accurate estimate of NH3 air concentration. Values measured with this technique can be used to estimate NH3 efflux rates and to determine the efficacy of agricultural practices that could potentially suppress volatilization losses evaluated from research plots. Herein, the modified static chamber method is described and validated by comparison with NH3 gas detector tubes.
A variation on a theorem of Gluck

Gluck proved that any finite group G has an abelian subgroup A such that |G : A| is bounded by a polynomial function of the largest degree of the complex irreducible characters of G. This improved on a previous bound of Isaacs and Passman. Moreto (J. Algebra 301:274–279, 2006) presented a variation of this result that looks at the number of prime factors and obtained an almost quadratic bound. In this note, we improve the result of Moreto to almost linear.
Modeling and Control of Electro-Hydraulic-Controlled Stepping Cylinder for Mold Oscillation

Conventional electro-hydraulic servo control system is widely used for mold oscillation, but it is difficult for this system to construct a stable, low cost and high performance control system. This paper proposes an oscillation method driven by an electro-hydraulic-controlled stepping cylinder, and the stepping cylinder has the performances of less control links, easy maintenance, relatively low cost and high precision. The mathematic model of electro-hydraulic-controlled stepping cylinder is established, and through PWM control the sine curve and non-sinusoidal curve are simulated. The result of simulation demonstrates that the model is effective, and the proposed electro-hydraulic-controlled stepping cylinder system instead of conventional electro-hydraulic servo control system is feasible.
Accelerating the Tucker Decomposition with Compressed Sparse Tensors

The Tucker decomposition is a higher-order analogue of the singular value decomposition and is a popular method of performing analysis on multi-way data (tensors). Computing the Tucker decomposition of a sparse tensor is demanding in terms of both memory and computational resources. The primary kernel of the factorization is a chain of tensor-matrix multiplications (TTMc). State-of-the-art algorithms accelerate the underlying computations by trading off memory to memoize the intermediate results of TTMc in order to reuse them across iterations. We present an algorithm based on a compressed data structure for sparse tensors and show that many computational redundancies during TTMc can be identified and pruned without the memory overheads of memoization. In addition, our algorithm can further reduce the number of operations by exploiting an additional amount of user-specified memory. We evaluate our algorithm on a collection of real-world and synthetic datasets and demonstrate up to \(20.7{\times }\) speedup while using \(28.5{\times }\) less memory than the state-of-the-art parallel algorithm.
Antidorcas marsupialis (Springbok)

Three animals of the Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, New York were studied with identical results. The karyotypes shown were prepared from cultures of skin biopsies. It is interesting to note that the nombre fondamental is 60, the same as in most Bovidae studied, and that the morphology of the X is similar to members of subfamily Caprinae but it differs from the metacentric X of other Antelopini, e.g. Blackbuck, Thomson’s gazelle, etc.
Doppler US in the Evaluation of Fetal Growth and Perinatal Health

Fetal growth restriction is commonly defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. It is associated with an increased risk of intrauterine demise, neonatal morbidity, and neonatal death; therefore, antenatal detection and surveillance with the optimization of delivery timing are necessary to improve pregnancy outcomes. If the estimated due date has been verified and the EFW is below the 10th percentile for gestational age, the underlying cause should be investigated, since the clinical management, outcome, and counseling options are largely dependent on the cause of the growth restriction. Serial ultrasonography (US) for the evaluation of fetal growth and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry are used to guide pregnancy management decisions. This article describes the accurate US detection and surveillance of fetal growth restriction, discusses the current obstetric and radiology literature regarding the use of Doppler velocimetry in the setting of fetal growth restriction, and describes the techniques for performing umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Although various Doppler techniques have been described in the setting of fetal growth restriction, only umbilical artery Doppler assessment is recommended to identify fetuses most at risk for poor outcome and to guide the timing of delivery. The use of other Doppler waveforms in this setting remains investigational. ©RSNA, 2017.
High performance bio-based thermosets from dimethacrylated epoxidized sucrose soyate (DMESS)

Abstract To tune the properties and reduce the viscosity of methacrylate functional epoxidized sucrose soyate (MESS), the use of a dual functionalization strategy was explored. Bio-based thermosets have previously been produced from free-radical curing of MESS having a large number of functional groups and have demonstrated a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and good mechanical properties. However, the MESS viscosity was high. To reduce the MESS viscosity, further functionalization of MESS was carried out by sequential addition of methacrylic anhydride. The synthesis was optimized and the resulting dimethacrylated epoxidized sucrose soyate (DMESS) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and viscosity measurements. A series of DMESS with varying range of degrees of methacrylation was synthesized. The synthesized DMESS series were combined with varying amounts of styrene diluent and cured using a free radical process with peroxyesters as initiators. The extent of cure was determined by gel content using Soxhlet extraction and confirmed using FTIR. The thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and tensile testing.
Beyond communication: Episodic memory is key to the self in time

Mahr & Csibra (M&C) propose that episodic memory evolved to support epistemic authority in social communication. We argue for a more parsimonious interpretation whereby episodic memory subserves a broader preparatory function for both social and non-social behavior. We conclude by highlighting that functional accounts of episodic memory may need to consider the complex interrelations between self and subjective time.
Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis in Bone Marrow: A Clinicopathologic Study of Eight Cases and Review of the Literature.

Objectives We report the clinicopathologic characteristics of eight cases of crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) with bone marrow (BM) involvement (BM-CSH) and review CSH cases published in the English literature. Methods We queried our pathology database for BM cases with CSH mentioned in the final diagnosis/comments from June 2011 to August 2016. Results Eight cases of BM-CSH were identified. The underlying diagnoses consisted predominantly of plasma cell disorders (88%) associated with monotypic κ light chain. In BM aspirates, crystals within histiocytes exhibited a morphologic spectrum including brightly eosinophilic, needle-like, or globule-like. In BM core biopsies, the histiocytes were often in aggregates with intracellular needle-like and/or globular, refractile inclusions. Conclusions BM-CSH is a rare phenomenon and exhibits a heterogeneous crystalline and histiocytic appearance warranting accurate recognition to avoid misinterpretation of a granulomatous condition or storage disorder. In addition, prompt assessment for an underlying B-cell lymphoma or clonal plasmacytic neoplasm is indicated.
The odontogenic keratocyst: A potential endodontic misdiagnosis

Odontogenic keratocysts manifest themselves as radiolucencies that can appear anywhere in the maxilla or mandible, including periradicular areas; they may thus masquerade as lesions of endodontic origin. This retrospective study examined 239 odontogenic keratocysts received by the Oral Pathology Laboratory at Temple University School of Medicine over a 3-year period. Twenty-one (9%) of the cysts received were located periradicularly; of these 21, 12 (57%) were associated with nonvital or endodontically treated teeth and thus mimicked lesions of endodontic origin. Because of its aggressive nature and tendency to recur, the periradicular odontogenic keratocyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions that are refractory to endodontic treatment.
Electrospun single-crystal MoO3 nanowires for biochemistry sensing probes

Single-crystal MoO3 nanowires were produced using the electrospinning technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the one-dimensional nanostructures are 10–50 nm in diameter, on the order of 1–2 μm in length, and have the orthorhombic MoO3 structure. The structure, crystallinity, and sensoric character of these electrostatically processed nanowires are discussed. It has been demonstrated that the nonwoven network of MoO3 nanowires exhibits an order of magnitude higher sensitivity compared with that of a sol-gel based sensor. This is promising for use of the nanowire sensors in nanomedicine.
Leasing as a Method of Financing

Many assets can be purchased or leased. If they are purchased they must be financed by one of the methods of raising capital that have been discussed. If they are leased, leasing is a method of financing. Unfortunately, computing the after tax cost of leasing so that it is comparable to the cost of buying is complex with several pitfalls.
Singing Voice Separation from Monaural Recordings.

Separating singing voice from music accompaniment has wide applications in areas such as automatic lyrics recognition and alignment, singer identification, and music information retrieval. Compared to the extensive studies of speech separation, singing voice separation has been little explored. We propose a system to separate singing voice from music accompaniment from monaural recordings. The system has three stages. The singing voice detection stage partitions and classifies an input into vocal and non-vocal portions. Then the predominant pitch detection stage detects the pitch contour of the singing voice for vocal portions. Finally the separation stage uses the detected pitch contour to group the time-frequency segments of the singing voice. Quantitative results show that the system performs well in singing voice separation.
A possible origin of atmospheric electricity

A new theory concerning charge separation of atmospheric electricity is proposed, based on the selective capture of negative charge from atmospheric ion pairs by material surfaces. It explains why the earth's surface becomes negatively charged during fine weather, and provides a mechanism for the phenomenon of charge separation within clouds during the violent growth of thunderstorms. Also included is a description of laboratory and field experiments substantiating our views.
Application of configurational mechanics in characterizing contact fatigue life and its crack propagation: a numerical lattice-based approach

A numerical lattice-based approach equipped with a brittle erosion algorithm and material forces in the context of LEFM and configurational mechanics is introduced to analyze contact fatigue life and crack propagation of brittle solids under low amplitude cyclic loading using the classical Paris’s law. Material force vectors at lattice nodes were employed in identifying potential crack path in high-cycle fatigue applications. A 2D plane strain pad-substrate system with contact formulations under constant compression and cyclic sinusoidal shear with constant amplitude was considered to investigate fatigue crack’s growth rate and its shape in the substrate, made of hydrided brittle Zircaloy-4 used in nuclear industry. The capability of the lattice in predicting the crack extension path using the material force vectors at the crack tip is verified by comparing with analytical solutions for a centered crack domain under pure shear and direct tension loading, and also for an initial small surface crack for the contact fatigue pad-substrate system. Obtaining the total fatigue life by assuming a failure value for the crack length and confirming the Paris’ law crack growth, the lattice results demonstrate that the fatigue crack path in the substrate is a curved trajectory which gradually reduces as the fatigue crack tip grows deeper into the substrate. Having simple constitutive formulation and straightforward erosion algorithm, this approach together with configurational mechanics implications can be employed in analyzing fretting fatigue problems.
Potential of Wind Power to Provide Flexible Ramping Products and Operating Reserve

With increasing penetration levels of variable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, electric power systems need flexible resources that can provide fast-response ramping capabilities to counter the variability and uncertainty of renewable generation. Although the California Independent System Operator and Midcontinent System Operator have lauched ramp products, determining how wind power can participate using their flexible ramping models is still largely unclear. This paper proposes a security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model considering a flexible ramping constraint that represents the system’s flexible ramping requirements that account for the net load probabilistic forecast uncertainty. Through this explicit modeling of uncertainty, the true cost of the flexible ramp service can be determined after solving the SCUC problem. In addition, the potential of wind power to provide operating reserves is analyzed. Numerical case studies demonstrate that with wind power providing both flexible ramping products and operating reserves, the system operating costs and ramp shortages will be reduced significantly.
Clearing the Path: Withdrawal of Consent and Termination as Next Steps for Reforming International Investment Law

This paper recommends that governments explore two near-term options to address the most concerning aspect of the current investment regime, investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), alongside their longer-term work on reform of substantive treaty standards and procedural dispute settlement mechanisms. These are (1) a joint instrument on withdrawal of consent to investor-state arbitration, and/or (2) a joint instrument on termination of investment treaties. It is important to emphasize that these steps toward coordinated withdrawal of consent to investor state arbitration and/or termination are not anti-investment, anti-investor, anti-foreigner, antiglobalization, or anti-international law. Rather, they would reflect an important conscientious effort to govern effectively and fairly, ensuring that investment treaties and their dispute settlement mechanisms achieve their desired ends, produce legitimate decisions that are respected by countries (even those that lose their cases), and do not undermine international economic cooperation and sustainable development more broadly. To elaborate on these points, this paper first discusses the two factors driving change: mounting concerns regarding ISDS and a growing understanding of the importance of aligning investment policy with sustainable development objectives. Second, this paper briefly considers potential ISDS reform options, and advantages and disadvantages of those options. Third, it provides an overview of the current UNCITRAL1 process. Finally, the paper outlines two pragmatic options that can be pursued for addressing the current stock of thousands of treaties with ISDS, namely, a joint instrument on withdrawal of consent to ISDS and/or termination of investment treaties, and suggests how progress on these two options could be addressed in connection with ongoing negotiations at UNCITRAL.
Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Perioperative Considerations in Noonan Syndrome

Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS) is one of the more common genetic conditions with an estimated prevalence of 1:1000 to 1:2500 births inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The main features are the presence of characteristic facial features, cardiac or musculoskeletal abnormalities, and hematological abnormalities which all can impact on perioperative care. The potential anesthetic issues presented by patients with NS relate to impairment of cardiopulmonary function, possibility of a difficult airway, and potential technical difficulty performing regional anesthesia. For example, use of regional and spinal anesthesia would be avoided in the presence of a hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM) or pulmonary stenosis, respectively. Regional has more chances of complications due to spinal or vertebral anomalies. General anesthesia would be preferred in cases if regional or spinal cannot be performed safely. The problems of anesthesia related to NS need to be determined and assessed preoperatively to avoid complications. Pain disorders are frequent and under-recognized clinical feature of NS. A variety of skeletal abnormalities include congenital spinal deformity, thoracic lordosis, scoliosis, single thoracic curve, single thoracolumbar curve, and double major curve, all of which increases the need for surgical interventions and anesthesia risk.
Patients support transfer of care for unexpected findings in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Surgeons often assume patients may be dissatisfied if their operations were stopped due to suspicious intraoperative findings requiring transfer of care. We sought to assess patient opinions regarding transfer of care for unexpected intraoperative findings during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with and without bile duct injury (BDI). The investigators developed two clinical scenarios comparing transfer of care for unexpected intraoperative findings during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy: without BDI and with BDI requiring open repair. A multi-institutional structured telephone interview process was conducted with patients ≥ 18 years of age who had an outpatient, uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy within the last year. The first scenario presented a case of suspicious findings prompting the surgeon to stop and transfer for specialized care; whereas the second case was a BDI requiring transfer of care. Textual and thematic analysis as well as descriptive statistics was used for analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05. Forty-five patients completed the survey. Satisfaction with transfer of care for unexpected intraoperative findings without BDI was 69%, and over 95% of respondents were satisfied their surgeon stopped the procedure to initiate transfer due to safety concerns; 64% of patients would return to that surgeon for postoperative care; and 78% would see that surgeon again. In the scenario with BDI requiring open repair, 86% were satisfied with their surgeon’s decision to stop the operation; 91% of patients were satisfied with transfer of care; and 32% would see their first surgeon again. Themes of prioritizing safety and transparency were frequently cited. Patients prioritize safety and are satisfied with halting a procedure to facilitate transfer of care for suspicious intraoperative findings during routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Atomistic Modeling of Fine Structure Splitting in InGaN/GaN Dot-in-Nanowire Structures for Use in Entangled Photon Pair Generation

Fine structure splitting (FSS) is a bottleneck in quantum dot (QD) based solid-state entangled photon pair sources for application in quantum key distribution (QKD). In QDs, entangle photon pairs are generated through a cascaded emission process: biexciton to exciton to the ground state. The FSS of the excitonic states destroys the entanglement of the photon pairs; hence, it needs to be eliminated. For numerical investigation of FSS and design optimization, a multiscale-multiphysics many-body calculation is required. In this article, we report the coupling of a full configuration interaction (FCI) method with a 10-band (sp 3 s*-spin) tight-binding (TB) model to calculate the excitonic energetics of realistically sized InGaN/GaN dot-innanowire structures. Model benchmarking has been done against a recently reported InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure in the a -plane orientation. Computational methodology of implementing a hexagonal-base truncated pyramid shaped QD has been presented. The effects of QD shape/thickness, material composition, and crystal growth direction (polar c-plane and non-polar m -plane and α-plane) on the FSS of InGaN/GaN based photon emitters have been investigated. Polarization profiles of the emitted photons from the excitonic transitions have been derived quantum mechanically from transition dipole moments. With the smallest FSS, the non-polar m-plane device has been found to be most promising for the QKD application.
Assessment of the nucleotide modifications in the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Escherichia coli 50S subunit.

Post-transcriptional ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications are present in all organisms, but their exact functional roles and positions are yet to be fully characterized. Modified nucleotides have been implicated in the stabilization of RNA structure and regulation of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. In some instances, rRNA modifications can confer antibiotic resistance. High-resolution ribosome structures are thus necessary for precise determination of modified nucleotides' positions, a task that has previously been accomplished by X-ray crystallography. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Escherichia coli 50S subunit at an average resolution of 2.2 A as an additional approach for mapping modification sites. Our structure confirms known modifications present in 23S rRNA and additionally allows for localization of Mg2+ ions and their coordinated water molecules. Using our cryo-EM structure as a testbed, we developed a program for assessment of cryo-EM map quality. This program can be easily used on any RNA-containing cryo-EM structure, and an associated Coot plugin allows for visualization of validated modifications, making it highly accessible.