cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self and Identity

There is a very close link between the constructs of identity and gender identity and the more broadly defined construct of self. In this chapter we shall review the concept of self because it is the self-system that seems most critically associated with both transvestism and transsexualism. Our focus will be upon how the self has been conceptualized, what changes and developments in self theory seem provocative and useful for our purposes, and especially, how the idea of alternate and subordinate subsystems of the self can be accounted for. In a moment, we will turn to some definitions and see that there is no problem fitting the concept of identity into a formulation of self theory. But before we do, a word about self theory and transvestism.
Faith-based organizations in Katrina: The United Methodist Church

Abstract This chapter examines the role of faith-based organizations in fostering transformative resilience during the Katrina recovery and reconstruction periods. Faith-based organizations are recognized by many Katrina survivors as highly effective in helping people recover and rebuild. Through the provision of volunteers, faith-based organizations were leaders in a disaster-related utopian and revitalization movement after Katrina. The United Methodist Church (UMC) provided thousands of volunteers, many of whom returned multiple times to promote a recovery imbued with spirituality. After the immediate response and recovery periods, the church also enacted outreach services to continue to promote resilience. Through a democratic, flexible, and egalitarian process, the UMC in New Orleans was reborn. A case study of the recovery services of the UMC in New Orleans after Katrina and Rita is presented to illustrate the role of faith-based organizations in fostering church, community, and survivor resilience. Stories of Katrina survivors aided by the UMC on Relief (UMCOR) are recounted.
Mononuclear phagocyte system function and nanoparticle pharmacology in obese and normal weight ovarian and endometrial cancer patients.

Obesity may alter mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) function and the pharmacology and efficacy of nanoparticles therapies, such as PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). We aimed to evaluate the relationships between hormone and chemokine mediators of MPS function and the pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure of PLD in obese and normal weight patients with ovarian and endometrial cancer. Hormone and chemokine mediators in obese and normal weight ovarian and endometrial cancer patients were measured. A separate pharmacology study was performed that evaluated the relationship between serum hormone concentrations, MPS function, and PK disposition of PLD in refractory ovarian cancer patients. Univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between serum estradiol and body mass index (OR 8.64, 95% CI 2.67–28.0, p < 0.001). Estrone and testosterone concentrations were positively correlated with MPS function (ρ = 0.57 and 0.53, p = 0.14 and 0.18, respectively) and inversely correlated with PLD PK exposure (ρ = − 0.75 and − 0.76, respectively, p = 0.02 for both). Higher MPS function resulting in reduced PLD exposure is a potential mechanism for reduced efficacy of PLD and other nanoparticles observed in obese patients with cancer. PK simulations suggest higher doses of PLD are required in obese patients to achieve similar exposures as standard dosing in normal weight patients.
A biosafety level-2 dose-dependent lethal mouse model of spotted fever rickettsiosis: Rickettsia parkeri Atlantic Rainforest-like isolate

Abstract Background The species of the Rickettsia genus is separated into four groups: the ancestral group, typhus group, transitional group and spotted fever group. Rickettsia parkeri, a spotted fever group Rickettsia, has been reported across the American continents as infecting several tick species and is associated with a relatively mild human disease characterized by eschar formation at the tick feeding site, fever, myalgia and rash. Currently several mouse models that provide a good approach to study the acute lethal disease caused by Rickettsia, but these models can only be performed in an animal biosafety level 3 laboratory. We present an alternative mouse model for acute lethal rickettsial disease, using R. parkeri and C3H/HeN mice, with the advantage that this model can be studied in an animal biosafety level 2 laboratory. Principal findings In the C3H/HeN mouse model, we determined that infection with 1 × 106 and 1 × 107 viable R. parkeri Atlantic Rainforest-like isolate produced dose-dependent severity, whereas infection with 1 × 108 viable bacteria resulted in a lethal illness. The animals became moribund on day five or six post-infection. The lethal disease was characterized by ruffled fur, erythema, labored breathing, decreased activity, and hunched back, which began on day three post-infection (p.i.) and coincided with the peak bacterial loads. Significant splenomegaly (on days three and five p.i.), neutrophilia (on days three and five p.i.), and thrombocytopenia (on days one, three and five p.i.) were observed. Significance The greatest advantage of this inbred mouse model is the ability to investigate immunity and pathogenesis of rickettsiosis with all the tools available at biosafety level 2. Author summary Rickettsia is a bacterial genus that contains distinct species that are transmitted by arthropods. Many of these agents produce infection and disease in humans. The illness can range from very aggressive, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, to mild human disease characterized by eschar formation at the tick feeding site and less severe symptoms caused by Rickettsia parkeri. To study these diseases, animal models are invaluable, and mouse models offer the best advantages. Several mouse models are most useful for study of the acute lethal disease produced by these bacteria, providing the opportunity to test different treatments and vaccine candidates. However, work with these models requires an animal biosafety level 3 laboratory. In this report, we present an alternative mouse model to study acute lethal spotted fever group rickettsial disease with the advantage that experiments can be performed at biosafety level 2.
Practice Guidelines and Psychiatric Education

The American Psychiatric Association’s practice guidelines provide authoritative guidance for assessing and treating major clinical problems that psychiatrists face. This article reviews the social context in which practice guidelines have emerged, opportunities they afford educators, and limitations in their educational and practice applications. Practice guidelines should be used in residents’ and medical students’ seminars and in continuing medical education activities. The incentive to study guidelines may increase as their likely use as information sources for questions on in-service and specialty board certification examinations as well as in clinical quality-assurance activities becomes more widely recognized.
Fighting for America’s Schools: Toward a More Democratic Approach:

This article addresses several questions The Fight for America’s Schools pushes us to consider as scholars of urban education policy. By extrapolating from the themes in the chapters of the book, a...
Activity-dependent redistribution of CaMKII in the postsynaptic compartment of hippocampal neurons.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an abundant protein in neurons, is involved in synaptic plasticity and learning. CaMKII associates with multiple proteins located at or near the postsynaptic density (PSD), and CaMKII is known to translocate from cytoplasm to PSD under excitatory conditions. The present study examined the laminar distribution of CaMKII at the PSD by immunogold labeling in dissociated hippocampal cultures under low calcium (EGTA or APV), control, and stimulated (depolarization with high K+ or NMDA) conditions. The patterns of CaMKII distribution are classified with particular reference to the two layers of the PSD: (1) the PSD core, a layer within ~ 30–40 nm to the postsynaptic membrane, and (2) the PSD pallium, a deeper layer beyond the PSD core, ~ 100–120 nm from the postsynaptic membrane. Under low calcium conditions, a subpopulation (40%) of synapses stood out with no CaMKII labeling at the PSD, indicating that localization of CaMKII at the PSD is sensitive to calcium levels. Under control conditions, the majority (~ 60–70%) of synapses had label for CaMKII dispersed evenly in the spine, including the PSD and the nearby cytoplasm. Upon stimulation, the majority (60–75%) of synapses had label for CaMKII concentrated at the PSD, delineating the PSD pallium from the cytoplasm. Median distance of label for CaMKII to postsynaptic membrane was higher in low calcium samples (68–77 nm), than in control (59–63 nm) and stimulated samples (49–53 nm). Thus, upon stimulation, not only more CaMKII translocated to the PSD, but they also were closer to the postsynaptic membrane. Additionally, there were two relatively infrequent labeling patterns that may represent intermediate stages of CaMKII distribution between basal and stimulated conditions: (1) one type showed label preferentially localized near the PSD core where CaMKII may be binding to NR2B, an NMDA receptor concentrated at the PSD core, and (2) the second type showed label preferentially in the PSD pallium, where CaMKII may be binding to Shank, a PSD scaffold protein located in the PSD pallium. Both of these distribution patterns may portray the initial stages of CaMKII translocation upon synaptic activation. In addition to binding to PSD proteins, the concentrated CaMKII labeling at the PSD under heightened excitatory conditions could also be formed by self-clustering of CaMKII molecules recruited to the PSD. Most importantly, these accumulated CaMKII molecules do not extend beyond the border of the PSD pallium, and are likely held in the pallium by binding to Shank under these conditions.
Chapter 8 – Neutral Evolution

When Kimura introduced the concept of neutral evolution to a generation of evolutionists steeped in natural selection theory, the idea that evolutionary change could be even partially neutral in effect was soundly ignored by most. As seemingly neutral variations in proteins were eventually detected at unsuspected levels, the neutral theory gained a stronger foothold. Today, with our far more complete understanding of genomes, neutral evolution now seems clearly to be perhaps the lion's share of evolutionary change, including neutral changes in codons, in introns, in pseudogenes, in transposable elements, in vestigial genes, and in other categories of noncoding DNA. And of course genetic drift is itself a form of neutral evolution since it can eliminate or fix certain neutral or near-neutral alleles in populations.
National Variation of Insurance Coverage for Gender-Affirming Facial Feminization Surgery.

Background: Gender-affirming surgery may be pursued by individuals experiencing gender dysphoria. Although genital and chest procedures are classified as medically necessary, facial feminization su...
Postpartum geographies: Intersections of academic labor and care work:

Academic work and care work are deeply entangled modes of labor. For parent-academics, these entanglements are particularly knotted during the postpartum period, when care work responsibilities int...
A Low Latency Congestion Control That Can Compete

One of the major criteria which decide the real world success of new congestion control protocols is their fair coexistence in a network with traffic from heterogeneous sources. In this paper, we highlight this as a common point of difficulty for congestion control schemes designed for low latency. We propose a new solution which aims for high throughput and low delay, but at the same time can coexist in a network with traffic using different congestion controls. Our solution is a delay based end-to-end scheme which uses ideas from several popular low delay algorithms but tries to adapt itself to a variety of network conditions instead of targeting a specific use-case. In this paper we describe the current status of research, our plan for evaluation and an ongoing problem we hope to find a solution for in the near future.
Rheological properties of engineered protein polymer networks

The linear and nonlinear mechanical properties of recombinant protein polymer networks are reviewed, with particular emphasis on how to tune elastic and dissipative behavior through selection of cross-linking strategy. The design strategies used to produce modular recombinant protein polymer networks through chemical or physical cross-linking will be discussed. In particular, we will highlight how key parameters such as polymer concentration, molecular weight, architecture, cross-link density, and association strength influence mechanics of protein polymer networks. Tuning these parameters enables control of viscoelastic properties and formation of materials with applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and sustainable self-healing materials.
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation to GPGPU Applications under STT- RAM based Hybrid Cache Architectures

Nowadays, general purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPUs) have become the technical trend for complex science and engineering computing in the exascale, which is through its unique capability of massive parallel computing based on the many-core architecture. Also, the occurrence probability of soft errors caused by particle strike on the large-scale computing system built by GPGPUs has been boosted significantly. Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) benefits from its unique way of carrying information through a Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ), and then it is a feasible soft error resilient solution due to its immunity to soft errors. However, STT-RAM suffers from the large overhead of latency and energy consumption on write operations, and thus results in hesitating of adopting STT- RAM into memory system design. Therefore, it is very necessary to do a comprehensive performance evaluation of adopting the STT-RAM into the memory hierarchy of the GPGPU architecture (i.e., hybrid STT-RAM/SRAM cache architectures). This work offers a fair and comprehensive performance evaluation for GPGPU applications based on different cache associativities and multiple plans of partial or complete adopting STT-RAM into the memory hierarchy of the GPGPU, which could offer useful options for the soft error resilient GPGPU architecture design. In addition, this work encloses that a proper combination of cache configuration and adoption plan may result in only slight timing performance drop and equivalent energy consumption performance, while taking advantage of the soft error resilience.
A case of pneumococcal tricuspid endocarditis: An oslerian diagnosis

Streptococcal infections present in a variety of clinical syndromes. Invasive disease, such as infective endocarditis, was common in the pre-antibiotic era but is now seldom encountered. The author reports the case of an elderly man with pneumococcal tricuspid endocarditis presenting with fever and syncope, and reviews current literature regarding the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of this condition.
Using methodical compositional tuning to optimize CoxTb1−x structural and magnetic properties

The Co-rich end of the Co–Tb binary phase diagram (CoxTb1−x, x = 0.66–0.82) has been investigated to understand the phases which form in the bulk and how they interact to yield magnetic behavior which has been reported to be ideal for use in spintronic devices. This work shows that the phases and phase fractions present across this composition range follow those predicted by the binary phase diagram, and all compounds in this composition range are multiphase. Magnetic measurements show similar behavior in this composition range to related thin film work, and we attribute the observed behavior to the respective binary phases present in each compound. Ideal magnetic behavior of minimized magnetic saturation and maximized coercivity is observed in the range of x = 0.78 − 0.80 related to the majority phase Co7Tb2 in these two compounds. High pressure magnetic measurements show magnetic saturation and coercivity at 300 K change little with respect to external pressure. The extension of the synthesis of these binaries into the bulk allows for specific binary phases to be targeted and analyzed for consideration in future devices.
From multivariate to functional data analysis: Fundamentals, recent developments, and emerging areas

Abstract Functional data analysis (FDA), which is a branch of statistics on modeling infinite dimensional random vectors resided in functional spaces, has become a major research area for Journal of Multivariate Analysis. We review some fundamental concepts of FDA, their origins and connections from multivariate analysis, and some of its recent developments, including multi-level functional data analysis, high-dimensional functional regression, and dependent functional data analysis. We also discuss the impact of these new methodology developments on genetics, plant science, wearable device data analysis, image data analysis, and business analytics. Two real data examples are provided to motivate our discussions.
Transcribed oligonucleotide sequences in Hela cell hnRNA and mRNA.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that the poly (A) sequences at the 3' ends of many of the hnRNA molecules of animal cell nuclei provided the first evidence for the existence of common sequences within this highly heterogeneous RNA population. Additional sequence homologies were revealed when high concentrations of two shorter single-base sequences were found in the hnRNA of HeLa cells. One is an internal sequence of about 25 AMPS that, in contrast to the longer poly (A) at the 3' end, is transcribed. The other is a poly (U) sequence of 30–40 nucleotides concentrated in the largest hnRNA molecules in regions distant from the poly (A) terminus. The chapter examines the properties and distribution of these sequences in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HeLa cells in the expectation that insights can be gained on mechanisms of mRNA production through hnRNA processing. It reviews that poly (A) preparations from ribonuclease digests of hnRNA purified on oligo (dT) -cellulose contain a small AMP-rich component that readily separates from the large poly (A) sequence during electrophoresis. It was concluded that, unlike large poly (A), this small AMP-rich species is riot at the 3' end of hnRNA molecules.
Antiegalitarians for affirmative action? When social dominance orientation is positively related to support for egalitarian social policies

Previous research has found that people high in social dominance orientation (i.e., antiegalitarians) generally oppose affirmative action policies. We propose that antiegalitarians may be less opposed to strong affirmative action policies because such policies may be perceived to ultimately strengthen racial hierarchies. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that antiegalitarian individuals are less opposed to affirmative action policies, as compared to egalitarian individuals, when such policies strongly weigh minority status in selection decisions. Study 3 provides evidence that antiegalitarians lessen their opposition to strong policies only when such policies are believed to enhance racial hierarchies through the recruitment of minorities that remain at the bottom of organizational hierarchies. Theoretical, political, and organizational implications are discussed.
Values in Transition: The Development of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement in Hong Kong

In the early 1980s, when Great Britain and the People's Republic of China (PRC) negotiated the terms for returning Hong Kong to the PRC in 1997,1 a gay and lesbian rights movement was almost nonexistent in Hong Kong. Male homosexual conduct was a criminal offense punishable by a maximum term of life imprisonment,2 and the local police maintained a special unit solely responsible for monitoring homosexual activity? The absence of any legal recourse left gays and lesbians vulnerable to discrimination at work, at school, and in the general community. Indeed, it was legal to discriminate on any ground at that time, and employers did so openly.4 Under this social climate, gays and lesbians maintained an extremely
\mathbb{ASP-PROLOG}: A System for Reasoning about Answer Set Programs in Prolog

We present a system (\(\mathbb{ASP-PROLOG}\)) which provides a tight and well-defined integration of Prolog and Answer Set Programming (ASP). The combined system enhances the expressive power of ASP, allowing us to write programs that reason about dynamic ASP modules and about collections of stable models. These features are vital in a number of application domains (e.g., planning, scheduling, diagnosis). We describe the design of \(\mathbb{ASP-PROLOG}\) along with its implementation, realized using CIAO Prolog and Smodels.
The roots of conflict over US census counts in the late 20th century and prospects for the 21st century

Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 31 (2006) 185–205 IOS Press The roots of conflict over US census counts in the late 20 th century and prospects for the 21 st century 1 Paula J. Walashek a and David A. Swanson b,∗ a College of Graduate Business and Management, University of Phoenix, USA of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Mississippi, USA b Department Although not originally intended as such, the US census has become a “Commons” in which private benefits are gained at the expense of public costs. The historical development of the census as a Commons first clearly emerged with the release of the 1970 census results, and since that time contentious litigation over census undercount error has become a standard part of the decennial census landscape. Political battles within the federal government have gone hand-in-hand with these litigation activities. They culminated with a Supreme Court decision on the legality of statistically adjusting census 2000 counts for estimated undercount error. As these battles raged, professional interest in providing methodological fixes for net census undercount error increased while public participation in the census generally declined. This paper examines the history behind these legal battles, the legislative acts, and judicial decisions that led to the 16th Amendment and the loss of the careful balance between public costs and private benefits crafted by the Founding Fathers in Article I of the Constitution. The paper identifies the role that historical actions played in making the census into a Commons, thereby setting the stage for modern day census litigation and other forms of conflict. We observe that as a Commons, the census is facing a potential collapse that cannot be prevented by methodological developments. We conclude by noting that a course of political action may be the best course for preventing such a collapse. Keywords: Census, litigation, Commons, 16 th amendment 1. The Source of Conflict: The Census as Commons In Article I, Section 2, the US Constitution requires Congress to conduct an “actual Enumeration” of the population every ten years “in such Manner as they shall by Law direct.” Accordingly, each decade since 1790, the United States has taken a count of its population – the decennial census. Congress delegated the authority to conduct the decennial census to the Secretary of Commerce in the Census Act. The Secretary, through the Census Bureau, has attempted to answer two important questions: how many people live in the United States and where are these people located? Answers to these questions are important because they determine how many representatives each state is allocated in the federal House of Representatives and 1 An earlier version was presented at the 2004 Hawaii International Conference on Social Sciences. author: David A. Swanson, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA. E-mail: dswanson@olemiss.edu. ∗ Corresponding 0747-9662/06/$17.00  2006 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
V beta 5+ T cell receptors skew toward OVA+H-2Kb recognition.

T cells recognize a complex of peptide Ag bound within the groove of MHC-encoded molecules. Although many studies have attempted to correlate TCR gene expression with specificity for particular Ag/MHC combinations, it is still not clear exactly how the TCR physically interacts with its cognate ligand. We have analyzed transgenic mice that carry a rearranged gene encoding a V beta 5.2+ TCR beta-chain derived from the CD8+ CTL clone B3, which is specific for chicken OVA+H-2Kb. Surprisingly, we have found that peripheral lymphocytes isolated from naive V beta 5.2 transgenic mice can generate a strong primary anti-OVA CTL response when stimulated in vitro with OVA+H-2b, whereas generation of even a weak anti-OVA response from nontransgenic littermates requires in vivo priming. This response is Ag specific, because the transgenic mice are unable to respond with or without priming to vesicular stomatitis virus, which contains a dominant epitope presented in the context of H-2Kb. The precursor frequency of OVA-specific CTL in unprimed V beta 5.2 transgenic mice is approximately 30-fold higher than that in nontransgenic littermate controls. Reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrate that OVA-specific CTL lines derived from unprimed V beta 5.2 transgenic mice express a variety of TCR V alpha elements, indicating that the transgenic anti-OVA response is not solely due to the reconstitution of the original B3 TCR. In fact, our data suggest that even a nontransgenic V beta 5+ TCR is intrinsically OVA specific. First, five separate OVA-specific oligoclonal CTL lines derived from individual nontransgenic mice demonstrate dramatic skewing toward expression of V beta 5.1+ or V beta 5.2+ TCR over the course of several in vitro stimulations. Second, sorting for V beta 5+CD8+ nontransgenic cells enriches for OVA-specific CTL. However, peptide antagonism experiments using mutant forms of the Kb-restricted OVA peptide reveal distinct differences between the recognition patterns of two individual OVA-specific CTL lines derived from unprimed V beta 5.2 transgenic mice. These experiments support the notion that a discrete portion of the responding TCR can heavily influence but not necessarily be solely sufficient for the recognition of a peptide Ag presented in the cleft of an MHC-encoded molecule.
RF Impairments Compensation and Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems

The application of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) technology in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems provides better spectral efficiency with high capacity gain. It also introduces significant complexity at the transceivers which can be partially reduced using homodyne or zero-IF receivers. However, those transceivers are very sensitive to imperfections of analog components at the RF front end and suffer severe performance degradation in the presence of RF impairments. Two of the most common impairments that significantly limit the performance of MIMO-OFDM transceivers are IQ-Imbalance and phase noise. In this paper, we propose a joint estimation and compensation technique to estimate channel, phase noise and IQ-Imbalance parameters in MIMO-OFDM systems under multipath slow fading channels. A subcarrier multiplexed preamble structure to estimate the channel and impairment parameters with minimum overhead is introduced and used in the estimation of IQ-Imbalance parameters as well as the initial estimation of effective channel matrix including common phase error (CPE). We then use a novel tracking method using pilot subcarriers to update the effective channel matrix throughout an OFDM frame. Simulation results for a variety of scenarios indicate that the proposed estimation and compensation technique efficiently improves the performance of MIMO-OFDM systems in terms of bit- error-rate (BER) as compared with the non- compensated case.
Pituitary tumors: cabergoline versus bromocriptine: a meta-analysis?

A systematic review and meta-analysis by Dos Santos Nunes et al. has compared the benefits and risks of cabergoline versus bromocriptine for the treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia. This analysis confirms previous reports that cabergoline is more efficacious and better tolerated than bromocriptine.
New Daily Persistent Headache and Potential New Therapeutic Agents

New daily persistent headache is a form of a chronic daily headache with a unique temporal profile. Patients can recall the exact day when their headache started. It can be one of the most refractory types of headache to treat. Recent publications have highlighted different subtypes and heterogeneity in presentation. Referring to it as a syndrome versus a distinct disorder has also been suggested. Several different classes of medications have been used for the treatment, with mixed results. The underlying pathophysiology of new daily persistent headache is unclear, but tumor necrosis factor may play a role. The clinical features, differential diagnosis and potential new therapeutic agents will be discussed.
Voices Not Heard: A Systematic Review of Adolescents' and Emerging Adults' Perspectives of Health Care Transition

Abstract Background A better understanding of the needs of adolescents and emerging adults with special health care needs (AEA-SHCNs) is essential to provide health care transition services that represent best practices. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the research on health care transition for AEA-SHCNs from their perspectives. Methods A comprehensive literature review of research publications since 2005 was performed using the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EBSCO databases. Thirty-five studies met the final review criteria. Results The process of transition from child to adult for AEA-SHCNs is complex. Individuals experiencing the transition desire to be a part of the process and want providers who will listen and be sensitive to their needs, which are often different from others receiving health care at the same facility. Conclusions More research that considers the voice of the AEA-SHCNs related to transition from pediatric to adult care is needed.
Simultaneous removal of nutrients from milking parlor wastewater using an AO2 sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system.

The feasibility of using a lab-scale, anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor ((AO)2 SBR) to simultaneously remove biological organics, nitrogen and phosphorus from dairy milking parlor wastewater was investigated in this study. Three hydraulic retention times (HRT = 2.1, 2.7, and 3.5 days) and three mixing-to-process time ratios (TM/TP = 0.43, 0.57, and 0.68) were evaluated as two controlling factors using a 3 × 3 experimental design to determine the optimal combination. Results showed that the HRT of 2.7 days with TM/TP = 0.57 was the best to achieve simultaneous nutrients removal for the influent with initial soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of about 2000 mg L−1 (only 0.55 mg L−1 NH4-N, < 0.1 mg L−1 nitrate, and 0.14 mg L−1 soluble phosphorus in the effluent). Good correlations between pH and ORP, and ORP and DO, were also obtained with correlation coefficients all higher than or equal to 0.975. These relationships could be used to develop real-time control strategies to optimize...
Detection and isolation of rare cells by 2-step enrichment high-speed flow cytometry/cell sorting and single cell LEAP laser ablation

The clonal isolation of rare cells, especially cancer and stem cells, in a population is important to the development of improved medical treatment. We have demonstrated that the Laser-Enabled Analysis and Processing (LEAP, Cyntellect Inc., San Diego, CA) instrument can be used to efficiently produce single cell clones by photoablative dilution. Additionally, we have also shown that cells present at low frequencies can be cloned by photoablative dilution after they are pre-enriched by flow cytometry based cell sorting. Circulating tumor cells were modeled by spiking isolated peripheral blood cells with cells from the lung carcinoma cell line A549. Flow cytometry based cell sorting was used to perform an enrichment sort of A549 cells directly into a 384 well plate. Photoablative dilution was performed with the LEAP TM instrument to remove any contaminating cells, and clonally isolate 1 side population cell per well. We were able to isolate and grow single clones of side population cells using this method at greater than 90% efficiency. We have developed a 2 step method that is able to perform the clonal isolation of rare cells based on a medically relevant functional phenotype.
Statistical significance testing, construct validity, and clinical versus actuarial judgment: An interesting (seeming) paradox

Abstract What practical implications does Meehl’s attack on significance testing have for clinical psychologists, and doesn’t Meehl contradict himself in placing so much emphasis on scientific theories in such works as “Theoretical Risks and Tabular Asterisks” and yet advocating for actuarial judgement, which is essentially an atheoretical approach to clinical predication? This seemingly paradoxical ideology, when considered within the broader context of Meehl’s work, can be readily aligned.
Palliative Care Teams: Self-Reflection — Past, Present, and Future

Taking stock or self-reflection is a sign of a maturing specialty. Such self-reflection through research can provide authoritative scientific evidence to guide treatment decisions (e.g., medical vs. surgical therapy of coronary artery disease) as well as efficacy of multidisciplinary interventions to improve patients’ quality of life (e.g., specialized care units for dementia). Creation of an authoritative scientific evidence base is sentinel to the development of the specialty of palliative medicine. Published in this issue of Journal of Pain and Symptom Management , Higginson and colleagues 1 provide an authoritative review of the literature utilizing both qualitative and quantitative synthesis of 22 years of publication to examine the impact of hospital-based palliative care teams. Higginson and colleagues study provides early support, albeit tentative at best, to support the expansion of palliative care services as currently being promoted nationwide in the USA. 2 Such reflections, so rigorously taken on by Higginson and colleagues, provide us with an important opportunity to take stock of where we are in the development of palliative care teams and the growing specialty of hospice and palliative medicine. The Past
Levodopa Dependence and Hypersexuality in an Older Parkinson's Disease Patient

The authors discuss the relationship between dopaminergic medication abuse and hypersexuality. Tin's is the first reported case of levodopa dependence mediated and reinforced by hypersexuality. The medication abuse started in an attempt to control parkinsonian symptoms but eventually led to high-risk, uncontrollable sexual behavior.
RANKL inhibition as therapy for joint damage

骨芽細胞により発現するタンパクであるNF-κB活性化受容体リガンド（RANKL）は，破骨細胞の分化，活性化及び生存延長の主要なメディエータで，NF-κB活性化受容体（RANK）と結合する．アムジェン社が開発中のdenosumab（AMG162）は，高い親和性と特異性をもってRANKLに結合する完全ヒト型モノクローナル抗体で，RANKLの可溶性デコイ受容体であるosteoprotegerin（OPG）の内因性作用と同様にRANK/RANKLの結合を阻害する．海外と日本において閉経後骨粗鬆症や骨転移を伴う悪性腫瘍に対する国際共同臨床試験が施行されている．さらに海外では関節リウマチ（RA）で臨床試験が進行中であり，関節破壊抑制効果が期待される．
Role of hydrophobic bonding in the contraction of nylon 66 in phenolic solutions

Rate constants for intermolecular bond breaking (k1) and bond re-formation (k2) were calculated from contraction measurements. Variation of ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ for k1 with phenol substituents and concentration suggests the existence of hydrophobic bonding between the solution and the polymer activated complex. This behavior has been substantiated by correlating ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ for k1 with a parameter related to hydrophobicity.
LC–MS/MS determination of carbamathione in microdialysis samples from rat brain and plasma

Abstract A selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of S -( N , N -diethylcarbamoyl) glutathione (carbamathione) in microdialysis samples from rat brain and plasma. S -( N , N -Diethylcarbamoyl) glutathione (carbamathione) is a metabolite of disulfiram. This metabolite may be responsible for disulfiram's effectiveness in the treatment of cocaine dependence. Chromatographic separations were carried out on an Alltech Altima C-18 (50 mm long × 2.1 mm i.d., 3 μm particles) analytical column at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. Solvent A consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate, methanol, and formic acid (99:1:0.06, v/v/v). Solvent B consisted of methanol, 10 mM ammonium formate and formic acid (99:1:0.06, v/v/v). A 20 min linear gradient from 95% aqueous to 95% organic was used. Tandem mass spectra were acquired on a Micromass Quattro Ultima “triple” quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI interface. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis was conducted in positive ion mode selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode looking at the transition of m / z 407–100 and 175 for carbamathione and m / z 392–263 for the internal standard S -hexyl glutathione. The simultaneous collection of microdialysate from blood and brain was used to monitor carbamathione concentrations centrally and peripherally. Good linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 0.25–10,000 nM. The lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) was determined to be 1 nM and the lowest limit of detection (LLOD) was calculated to be 0.25 nM. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were determined and for all the samples evaluated, the variability was less that 10% (R.S.D.).
Antifibrillatory effects of clofilium in the rabbit isolated heart.

1. This study was designed to determine whether clofilium exhibits antifibrillatory activity in a pinacidil + hypoxia-induced model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Langendorff-perfused hearts. 2. Ten minutes after exposure to vehicle or clofilium (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 microM), hearts were exposed to pinacidil (1.25 microM), then subjected to 12 min of hypoxia and reoxygenated. Onset to VF was recorded. Additional groups of hearts were pretreated with UK-68,798 (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 microM), a delayed rectifier channel blocker, and 5-hydroxydecanoate (10 microM), a known ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker, and subjected to an identical protocol. 3. Clofilium decreased the incidence of VF in a concentration-dependent manner; 7/9 control hearts developed VF vs 1/9 hearts (P = 0.007, Fisher's Exact) treated with 10.0 microM clofilium. In addition, 5-hydroxydecanoate protected hearts from VF, while UK-68,798 pretreatment did not. 4. In a separate group of hearts, electrically-induced VF was converted to sinus rhythm in 10/11 hearts after clofilium was introduced as a bolus. 5. Clofilium is capable of preventing VF in the rabbit isolated heart in a concentration-dependent manner. We have data to suggest that the ability of clofilium to attenuate the effects of pinacidil+hypoxia in our model may include blockade of metabolically active K+ channels, i.e., KATP (glibenclamide-sensitive) channel.
Seven software engineering principles for autonomic computing development

The complexity of modern middleware and software solutions is growing at an exponential rate. Only self-managing, or autonomic computing technology can reasonably stem the confusion this complexity brings to bear on human administrators. While much has been published on “architecture” and “function” for producing such systems, little has been written about the engineering of self-managing systems as a distinct paradigm. In this short article we suggest a set of software engineering principles for engineering of autonomic systems that should guide the planning of autonomic systems and their interfaces, with the intent to guide the thinking of R&D organizations pursuing the development of autonomic computing capability.
SU‐E‐I‐74: Modality SR: Using the DICOM Radiation Dose Structured Report

Purpose: To describe a testing workflow for generation, transfer, and use of DICOM Radiation Dose Structured Reports (RDSRs). Methods: Equipment supporting RDSR was acceptance tested to validate the creation of report, and to validate reported parameters. A Computed Tomography(CT) scanner and three x‐ray angiographic (XA) suites were tested. Testing of the RDSR includes; validating creation and viewing of reports on acquisition device, transfer of reports from device to viewing workstations, storage of objects in PACS archive and in a quality assurance tool (DICOM parsing database), reviewing report data in comparison to in‐room displayed values or image DICOM field values. Results: At installation, each acquisition device needed to be configured to create DICOM RDSR, and none allowed viewing. Our PACS archive would not display report, but was able to receive and store the RDSR. Retrieval of RDSRs to a workstation with a viewer was allowed. A DICOM receiver was configured to accept the reports, parse the parameters, and store information in a database. Selected parameters from CT RDSRs include CTDIvol, DLP, and body part for irradiation events. RDSRs from angiographic suites include air kerma, kerma area product, as well as patient and C‐arm geometry for each footswitch event. Conclusions: Although the Radiation Dose Structured Report is not fully integrated between acquisition devices, viewing workstations, and imagearchives, a workflow can be developed to view and validate the RDSR. The RDSR is a valuable tool providing information needed for patient dosimetry.
Sterols and fatty acids of three harmful algae previously assigned as Chattonella.

Abstract Sterol and fatty acid compositions were determined for three harmful algal species previously classified in the genus Chattonella (Raphidophyceae): the new genus Chloromorum toxicum (ex Chattonella cf. verruculosa), Verrucophora farcimen (Dictyochophyceae), previously Chattonella aff. verruculosa, and Verrucophora verruculosa (=Pseudochattonella verruculosa) previously Chattonella verruculosa. The major fatty acids of C. toxicum were 14:0, 16:0, 18:1n−9, 18:4n−3 and 20:5n−3, and those of the Verrucophora strains were. 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:4n−3, 18:5n−3 and 22:6n−3. C. toxicum contained the 24β-ethyl sterols, poriferasterol and clionasterol, as its major sterols. For comparison, the stereochemistry of the 24-ethyl sterols of two raphidophytes, Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo, was determined to be 24α and 24β, respectively. Both Verrucophora strains contained the 27-nor sterol occelasterol as the only detected sterol. This was the first time occelasterol has been found in algae.
Local Compressibility Measurements of Correlated States in Suspended Bilayer Graphene

Bilayer graphene has attracted considerable interest due to the important role played by many-body effects, particularly at low energies. Here we report local compressibility measurements of a suspended graphene bilayer. We find that the energy gaps at filling factors $\ensuremath{\nu}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4$ do not vanish at low fields, but instead merge into an incompressible region near the charge neutrality point at zero electric and magnetic field. These results indicate the existence of a zero-field ordered state and are consistent with the formation of either an anomalous quantum Hall state or a nematic phase with broken rotational symmetry. At higher fields, we measure the intrinsic energy gaps of broken-symmetry states at $\ensuremath{\nu}=0$, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$, and $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$, and find that they scale linearly with magnetic field, yet another manifestation of the strong Coulomb interactions in bilayer graphene.
Effects of Abamectin and Milbemycin D on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Effects of abamectin and milbemycin D on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., were determined. Fifty percent of third instars exposed for 2 h to 5.2 ppm milbemycin D on artificial diet were flaccid and paralyzed, whereas larvae exposed to 5.0 ppm abamectin were unaffected. When larvae were exposed to abamectin on artificial diet for 24 or 48 h, 50% of third instars died. Larvae exposed for 24 h to milbemycin D were not affected, but at 48 h 165 ppm caused 50% mortality of third instars. When larvae were exposed to milbemycin D residues for 48 h and observed 5·d later, the LC50was 92 ppm. LC50’s(ppm) when larvae were exposed for 72 h to residues on poplar foliage were 4 for abamectin, 1,454 for milbemycin D, and 125 for carbaryl. Five days after exposure to foliage residues, LC50’s (ppm) were 1 for abamectin, 244 for milbemycin D and 106 for carbaryl. On both substrates, abamectin was most toxic to third instars. Larvae exposed for 2 h to milbemycin D residues were flaccid and paralyzed but the effect was reversible.
From clinician to suspect case: my experience after a needle stick in an Ebola treatment unit in Sierra Leone.

While providing clinical care in the confirmed ward of the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) at the Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) in Kenema, Sierra Leone, I accidentally stuck an 18-gauge hollow-bore needle deep into my left thumb. I could immediately feel some blood oozing under my gloves, and I squeezed the area of penetration to try to promote additional bleeding. I rinsed the outside of my gloves with the only available option—0.5% bleach. In an ETU, one cannot simply remove one's gloves and clean one's hands with soap and water as one would with a needle stick in other clinical environments. After the momentary shock and embarrassment subsided, I notified my clinical partner about what transpired and then called by radio to have an urgent egress from the ETU.
Perioperative Hypertension: Defining At-Risk Patients and Their Management

Hypertension is an extremely pervasive condition that affects a large percentage of the world population. Although guidelines exist for the treatment of the patient with elevated blood pressure, there remains a paucity of literature and accepted guidelines for the perioperative evaluation and care of the patient with hypertension who undergoes either cardiac or noncardiac surgery. Of particular importance is defining the patients most vulnerable to complications and the indications for immediate and rapid antihypertensive treatment and/or cancellation of surgery to reduce these risks in each of the three perioperative settings: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. This review also examines the parenteral antihypertensive medications most commonly administered in the perioperative setting.
A study of thermal decomposition of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride: dilution effects

Abstract Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) cations were reacted with the clay mineral montmorillonite and were studied by DTA methods. The Co(en)3+3 salt was also mechanically mixed with varying amounts of alumina or silica and DTA patterns obtained. The results of the several DTA runs were compared in order to understand more completely the type of interaction that might be taking place between the Co(en)3+3 ion and the montmorillonite.
Performance of In-Line Manufactured CdTe Thin Film Photovoltaic Devices

In-line manufactured CdTe thin film photovoltaic devices were evaluated for their performance with respect to power conversion efficiency and reliability (stability). A National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) certified power conversion efficiency (η) of 12.44% was measured for one CdTe device. A mean efficiency of 11.4% for 53 devices is shown. Results of reliability studies give a conservative estimate of -1% relative degradation per year in efficiency over a 20-year lifetime for these CdTe devices.