cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On a spherical integral transformation and sections of star bodies

LetK be ad-dimensional star body (with respect to the origino). It is known that the (d−1)-dimensional volume of the intersections ofK with the hyperplanes througho does not uniquely determineK. Uniqueness can only be achieved under additional assumptions, such as central symmetry. Here it is pointed out that if one uses, instead of intersections by hyperplanes, intersections by half-planes that containo on the boundary, then, without any additional assumptions, the volume of these intersections determinesK uniquely. This assertion, and more general results of this kind, together with stability estimates, are obtained from uniqueness results and estimates concerning a particular spherical integral transformation.
A Rechargeable Cadmium‐Bromine Battery Using Room Temperature Chloroaluminate Molten Salts

Galvanic cells were tested using as electrolytes room temperature molten salts formed by mixing A1C13 with 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazlium chloride (ME1c1), Zn and Cd, each with basic melt (containing C1 ions and A1C14 ions) were the anodes, Br/sub 2/ dissolved in basic melt with a reticulated vitreous carbon current collector was the cathode in each case. ME1 selective Nafion was used as a separator. The Zn electrode was found to be irreversible, while the Cd/Br2 cell is rechargeable with an open-circuit voltage of 2.0 V, and extended temperature range of operation, and potential for high specific energy.
How many homeobox genes does it take to make a pituitary gland

The secrets of anterior pituitary development and cell lineage determination have been revealed mostly by genetic analyses. The requirement for three homeobox genes, Lbx3, Lbx4 and Titf1, during early organogenesis was proven by gene targeting. Spontaneous mouse mutations revealed two additional homeobox genes, Pit1 and Prop1, that are critical for specialization and proliferation of subsets of the five differentiated cell types. Analysis of patients with pituitary insufficiency has demonstrated the importance of these two genes in human pituitary function. Recently, several other homeobox genes have been identified and implicated in pituitary organogenesis. Genetic manipulations of these genes will undoubtedly add to the emerging genetic hierarchy regulating the ontogeny of this major hormone-producing gland.
Evaluating Employee Participation Programs Addressing Health, Safety, and Ergonomic Issues in the United States

With the increase of system complexity, organizations are having to respond to these new demands by utilizing employee involvement methods. This paper attempts to review and examine representative studies of employee participation with particular focus on health, safety and ergonomic issues. Four topics are presented in this paper (1) the different organizational forms of participatory approaches (2) goals of the employee participation programs (3) evaluations criteria of the program and (4) conclusions. It appears that worker participatory programs are successful in addressing health, safety and ergonomie issues. However, in order to insure the success implementing a participatory decision-making program, a macroergonomics perspective should be taken.
Bacillus subtilis hydrolyzes CheY-P at the location of its action, the flagellar switch

In this report we show that in Bacillus subtilis the flagellar switch, which controls direction of flagellar rotation based on levels of the chemotaxis primary response regulator, CheY-P, also causes hydrolysis of CheY-P to form CheY and Pi. This task is performed in Escherichia coli by CheZ, which interestingly enough is primarily located at the receptors, not at the switch. In particular we have identified the phosphatase as FliY, which resembles E. coli switch protein FliN only in its C-terminal part, while an additional N-terminal domain is homologous to another switch protein FliM and to CheC, a protein found in the archaea and many bacteria but not in E. coli. Previous E. coli studies have localized the CheY-P binding site of the switch to FliM residues 6–15. These residues are almost identical to the residues 6–15 in both B. subtilis FliM and FliY. We were able to show that both of these proteins are capable of binding CheY-P in vitro. Deletion of this binding region in B. subtilis mutant fliM caused the same phenotype as a cheY mutant (clockwise flagellar rotation), whereas deletion of it in fliY caused the opposite. We showed that FliY increases the rate of CheY-P hydrolysis in vitro. Consequently, we imagine that the duration of enhanced CheY-P levels caused by activation of the CheA kinase upon attractant binding to receptors, is brief due both to adaptational processes and to phosphatase activity of FliY.
Experimental Measurements of Spin Torque Driven Spin Wavesw in Tunneling MR Heads

Microwave oscillation induced by polarized spin current via the effect of spin momentum transfer, also known as spin torque, has been observed in current-perpendicular-to-plane spin valve structures. It has been found that in the spin valve stack, a relatively large sensing current can drive magnetization oscillation into chaotic spin waves, resulting in substantial 1/f-like noise below 1 GHz. In this paper, we present a experimental study of the spin torque, induced microwave oscillation in tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) read heads used in hard disk drive applications.
Hand gesture symmetric behavior detection and analysis in natural conversation

We present an experimental investigation into the phenomenon of gestural symmetry for two-handed gestures accompanying speech. We describe an approach to compute hand motion symmetries based on the correlation computations. Local symmetries are detected using a windowing operation. We demonstrate that the selection of a smaller window size results in better sensitivity to local symmetries at the expense of noise in the form of spurious symmetries and 'symmetry dropoffs'. Our algorithm applies a 'hole filling' post process to address these detection problems. We examine the role of the detected motion symmetries of two-handed gestures in the structuring of speech. We compared discourse segments corresponding to extracted symmetries in two natural conversations against a discourse analysis by expert psycholinguistic coders. These comparisons illustrate the effectiveness of the symmetry feature for the understanding of underlying discourse structure. We believe that this basic characteristic of two-handed gestures accompanying speech must be incorporated in any multimodal interaction system involving two-handed gestures and speech.
Temporal emergence patterns of seedlings from playa wetlands.

Playas undergo dynamic environmental changes throughout the growing season, resulting in the need for a persistent seed bank for plants to respond to these changes. Therefore, we investigated seasonal germination patterns of species found in seed banks of playa wetlands. We used the seedling-emergence technique to determine recruitment patterns from seed banks of eight playas. In the greenhouse, seed-bank samples were subjected to two treatments, drawdown or flooded, over a 210-day duration divided into seven 30-day time periods. In both treatments, seedling emergence differed among time periods and species but was similar among playas. Approximately 52% of drawdown seedlings and 44% of seedlings occuring in the flooded treatment germinated in the first 30 days. Plants occuring in playa seed banks had variable germination strategies. Three patterns for common (>5% occurrence) species were identified in the drawdown treatment: (1) early germinators (those species that germinated rapidly after exposure to treatments with low germination during the remainder of time periods), (2) late germinators (those that germinate after specific environmental conditions have existed for some time), and (3) continous germinators (those with even germination rates throughout submersion). Two patterns were found for common species in the flooded treatment: (1) early germinators and (2) continuous germinators. Germination throughout the period of suitable environmental conditions was the dominant strategy for persistence in the unpredictable playa environment. With only a few exceptions, species persisting in seed banks of playas do not show germination for all available seeds upon creation of suitable environmental conditions but rather use viable dormant seeds as a hedge against the unpredictable environment.
HPCMP CREATE-AV Quality Assurance: Lessons Learned by Validating and Supporting Computation-Based Engineering Software

A successful fielding of computation-based engineering (CBE) software requires quality assurance to be built into the fabric of capability development and deployment processes. Good software quality is an emergent property of the healthy interplay among CBE software development teams, testing teams, user support, and training teams, with the vital notion of continual feedback to improve the user experience. This article describes how the HPCMP CREATE Air Vehicles (AV) project addresses these topics through the functions performed by its quality assurance group. Industry quality standards are discussed and their strengths and weaknesses within the CREATE-AV framework addressed. The article concludes with lessons and best practices learned over the course of an extended (seven+ year) effort to field next-generation multiphysics aviation design tools to the DoD community.
Management of malignant colon polyps: Current status and controversies

Colon cancer remains a significant clinical problem worldwide and in the United States it is the third most common cancer diagnosed in men and women. It is generally accepted that most malignant neoplasms of the colon arise from precursor adenomatous polyps. This stepwise progression of normal epithelium to carcinoma, often with intervening dysplasia, occurs as a result of multiple sequential, genetic mutations-some are inherited while others are acquired. Malignant polyps are defined by the presence of cancer cells invading through the muscularis mucosa into the underlying submucosa (T1). They can appear benign endoscopically but the presence of malignant invasion histologically poses a difficult and often controversial clinical scenario. Emphasis should be initially focused on the endoscopic assessment of these lesions. Suitable polyps should be resected en-bloc, if possible, to facilitate thorough evaluation by pathology. In these cases, proper attention must be given to the risks of residual cancer in the bowel wall or in the surrounding lymph nodes. If resection is not feasible endoscopically, then these patients should be referred for surgical resection. This review will discuss the important prognostic features of malignant polyps that will most profoundly affect this risk profile. Additionally, we will discuss effective strategies for their overall management.
Pediatric and adolescent oligodendrogliomas.

PURPOSE To review the clinical and imaging findings in pediatric and adolescent intracranial pure oligodendrogliomas. METHODS The clinical, CT, and MR data in 39 surgically proved pure oligodendrogliomas were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The frontal or temporal lobes were involved in 32 (82%) cases. Seventy percent of the tumors were hypodense on CT, three-fourths were hypointense on T1-weighted images, and all were hyperintense on spin-density and T2-weighted images. Fewer than 40% of the lesions demonstrated calcification, and nearly 60% had well-defined margins. Mass effect was seen in fewer than half of the cases, and edema could be separately identified in only one case. Tumor enhancement was seen in fewer than 25%. In 39 cases after partial (3), subtotal (16), or total (20) resection, follow-up studies demonstrated stability over a mean period of 5 years. CONCLUSION The findings in this pediatric series of pure oligodendrogliomas (without mixed cell elements) differ from previous adult series in that calcification, contrast enhancement, and edema are seen less frequently. In addition, very slow or no growth is often characteristic, and these patients have an excellent prognosis with surgical resection.
PS-024 Neurodevelopmental Examination By Bayley Scale Of Infant Development-ii In Children With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Background and aims The aim of the study was to make the neurodevelopmental evaluation of the children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Methods Children between the age of six to fourty-two months were included in the study and were evaluated in three groups (two patient groups and control group). In group A patients with isolated cyanotic congenital heart disease were enrolled. Group B consisted of the patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease with other concomitant diseases. Group C included the healthy control group. For the neurodevelopmental evaluation Bayley Scale of Infant Development- II was used. Results Thirty eight patients (32 in group A and 6 in group B) and 33 healthy subjects in group C were included in the study. Mean age of the patient group was 22,5 ± 11,2 months. In group A the mental developmental index (MDI) (82,5 ± 14,7) was significantly lower than group C (92,3 ± 6,9) (p = 0,001). Similarly the psychmotor developmental index (PDI) in group A (82,0 ± 18,2) was found significantly lower than group C (92,5 ± 7,4) (p = 0,003). When group A and B were compared, mean MDI and PDI scores were lower in group B, but the difference was not statistically significant. For group A, according to the psycomotor development index 48,6% of the patients were found mild to severe retarded. In terms of the mental development index, 34,4% of the pateints were with moderate or mild retardation. Conclusions Mental-motor retardation is frequently encountered in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. For this reason, these children have to be under regular follow up for neurodevelopmental status.
α4-Integrin Antibody Treatment Blocks Monocyte/Macrophage Traffic to, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in, and Pathology of the Dorsal Root Ganglia in an SIV Macaque Model of HIV-Peripheral Neuropathy

Traffic of activated monocytes into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is critical for pathology in HIV peripheral neuropathy. We have shown that accumulation of recently recruited (bromodeoxyuridine + MAC387 + ) monocytes is associated with severe DRG pathology and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers in SIV-infected macaques. Herein, we blocked leukocyte traffic by treating animals with natalizumab, which binds to α4-integrins. SIV-infected CD8-depleted macaques treated with natalizumab either early (the day of infection) or late (28 days after infection) were compared with untreated SIV-infected animals sacrificed at similar times. Histopathology showed diminished DRG pathology with natalizumab treatment, including decreased inflammation, neuronophagia, and Nageotte nodules. Natalizumab treatment resulted in a decrease in the number of bromodeoxyuridine + (early), MAC387 + (late), CD68 + (early and late), and SIVp28 + (late) macrophages in DRG tissues. The number of CD3 + T lymphocytes in DRGs was not affected by natalizumab treatment. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, an adhesion molecule that mediates leukocyte traffic, was diminished in DRGs of all natalizumab-treated animals. These data show that blocking monocyte, but not T lymphocyte, traffic to the DRG results in decreased inflammation and pathology, supporting a role for monocyte traffic and activation in HIV peripheral neuropathy.
Fatty acid and oil diversity of cupheaviscosissima: A source of medium- chain fatty acids

Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. is being developed as a commercial source of caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic acids. Germplasm resources for characterizing the genetic diversity of this species became available following explorations by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1986 and 1987. In this paper, we describe the fatty acid and oil percentage diversity of forty- two populations ofC. viscosissima collected from seven states within the United States. Caprylic (18.0%) and capric acid (69.9%) were the major fatty acids of these populations. The fatty acid percentage ranges were narrow for every fatty acid,e.g., 16.4 to 20.4% for caprylic acid and 66.6 to 71.3% for capric acid. The maximum lauric acid percentage was 3.4%. Oil ranged from 27.3 to 33.4%. Although the populations surveyed cover a fairly wide geographic range, they display limited fatty acid diversity. Surveys of germplasm from other parts of the range are needed to further characterize the fatty acid diversity of this species.
Sub-pixel interpolation in video coding: analysis and design

Sub-pixel interpolation is a compression tool used by video coding standards, for e.g. H.264, to reduce the temporal redundancy present in a video sequence. For instance, H.264 mandates the usage of a 6-tap filter for generating data at a sub-pixel location. Sub-pixel interpolation could prove to be, a computationally expensive step, inhibiting real time implementation of video encoders. It is here that efficient sub-pixel interpolation plays an important role, to enable high video quality at a given computational complexity budget. The approaches proposed in this paper reduce the interpolation complexity by the appropriate use of low complexity interpolation filters, also ensuring compliance in case of video coding standards like H.264, which mandate the use of a particular set of interpolation filters. Towards this, the residual error is generated in compliance with the H.264 standard by employing the standard specified interpolation filters. In case of H.264, the results obtained indicate reduction in computational complexity at the cost of slight degradation in the quality of the encoded video sequence.
The Problem with Automated Ethics

According to the Association for Safe International Road Travel, nearly 1.3 million people die worldwide each year as a result of traffic accidents. Given the tragic prevalence of these events, it ...
Time, Fission, Fusion: An Argument against the Block Universe with Endurance

ABSTRACT Many philosophers believe in the Block Universe containing all objects and events - those that we intuitively call past, present, and future. But some of those who endorse this ontology of time also believe that objects persist by enduring - by being present in their entirety at all moments at which they exist. This combination of views, the Block Universe with Endurance, has survived the initial assault of the problem of temporary intrinsics and of several later objections. But I argue that the Block Universe with Endurance fails to account for a striking feature of our temporal experience and must be rejected in favor of the Block Universe with Exdurance.
The Role of Vegetation Structure in Controlling Distributions of Vertebrate Herbivores in Arctic Alaska

ABSTRACT Climate-driven shrub expansion is altering the distribution of animal communities in the Arctic. A better understanding of habitat requirements is needed to accurately predict the response of herbivore communities to shrub expansion. We examined patterns of browsing by moose (Alces alces), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), and ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus, L. muta) across the tundra of northern Alaska to determine whether forage requirements explain the distribution of herbivores in this ecosystem. In addition, we examined the potential for competition among these three shrub-dependent species. We recorded shrub characteristics and browsing levels at 59 sites along a 568 km riparian transect spanning from the Brooks Range to the Arctic Coast. Mean shrub height was positively correlated with browsing intensity for all three species (r = 0.40–0.71). The minimum shrub height threshold for hare occurrence (≥87 cm, 95% CI: 67–94) was similar to that for moose (≥81 cm, 95% CI: 65–96), whereas ptarmigan w...
Spatially Explicit Analysis Sheds New Light on the Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction in North America

The late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions may have been the first extinctions directly related to human activity, but in North America the close temporal proximity of human arrival and the Younger Dryas climate event has hindered efforts to identify the ultimate extinction cause. Previous work evaluating the roles of climate change and human activity in the North American megafaunal extinction has been stymied by a reliance on geographic binning, yielding contradictory results among researchers. We used a fine-scale geospatial approach in combination with 95 megafaunal last-appearance and 75 human first-appearance radiocarbon dates to evaluate the North American megafaunal extinction. We used kriging to create interpolated first- and last-appearance surfaces from calibrated radiocarbon dates in combination with their geographic autocorrelation. We found substantial evidence for overlap between megafaunal and human populations in many but not all areas, in some cases exceeding 3000 years of predicted overlap. We also found that overlap was highly regional: megafauna had last appearances in Alaska before humans first appeared, but did not have last appearances in the Great Lakes region until several thousand years after the first recorded human appearances. Overlap in the Great Lakes region exceeds uncertainty in radiocarbon measurements ormethodological uncertainty and would be even greater with sampling-derived confidence intervals. The kriged maps of last megafaunal occurrence are consistent with climate as a primary driver in some areas, but we cannot eliminate human influence from all regions. The late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction was highly variable in timing and duration of human overlap across the continent, and future analyses should take these regional trends into account.
Impact of communication latencies and availability on droop-implemented primary frequency regulation

This paper proposes a method to modulate the power output of converter interfaced generators (CIGs) according to frequency variations. With the proposed approach, CIGs can successfully engage in the primary frequency regulation of a power system. The approach is a variation on the traditional droop-like proportional controller where the feedback signal is a global frequency measurement instead of a local one. Obtaining the global measurement requires transferring data using communications. This paper analyzes the performance of the proposed approach with respect to communications issues such as latencies and data dropouts. The approach implemented and tested in a simulation environment is compared against a method entirely based on local information. The results show that using global information in droop control provides benefits to the system as it improves its frequency regulation. The results also indicate that the proposed approach is robust to latencies and communication failures.
PET in Follicular Cancer, Including Hürthle Cell Cancer

The role of positron emission tomography (PET) and computer tomography (CT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) was reviewed in depth in the section on differentiated thyroid cancer. The main role of 18F-FDG PET-CT is in helping to identify the source of thyroglobulin (Tg) production in a patient whose cancer does not take up radioiodine. Most of the references cited in the earlier chapter included patients with both papillary and follicular cancers, and in most cases, it is not possible to separate these two cancer types and analyze the results. For example, Dietlein et al. presented results in 58 patients, 38 of whom had papillary cancer, 15 had follicular cancer, and 5 had variants of follicular cancer. In another paper there were 11 follicular and 3 Hurthle cell cancers out of a total of 51 patients. Some of the reports simply state that patients had papillary or follicular cancer. Some studies even include patients with anaplastic cancer as well as differentiated cancer.
Contemporary Analysis of Information Literacy in Music: A Literature Review and Selected Annotated Bibliography

ABSTRACTSince 2004, the body of literature dedicated to information literacy in music has expanded, reflecting themes of definitions and standards of information literacy, the role of information l...
Nonprofessional investor perceptions of the partial remediation of IT and non-IT control weaknesses: An experimental investigation

Abstract In this study, we investigate whether nonprofessional investors' judgments about a firm with known and disclosed material weaknesses in internal control as required by the Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 depend on the remediation strategy used by the firm. Analysis of SOX internal control weakness disclosures reveals that firms (1) often have multiple internal control weaknesses, (2) frequently have a mix of information technology (IT) and non-IT control weaknesses, and (3) invariably fail to remediate all control weaknesses in the period they are identified. We design an experiment to investigate how nonprofessional investors respond to remediation of a subset of disclosed material weaknesses in internal control, when a firm discloses a remediation plan that prioritizes the remediation of an IT (non-IT) internal control weakness leaving a non-IT (IT) weakness unremediated. We apply counterfactual theory to the future oriented remediation setting and find that investors favor a firm remediation strategy that prioritizes the remediation of an IT weakness over a strategy that prioritizes the remediation of a non-IT weakness. We further find that perceived effectiveness of remediation, financial misstatement risk attributed to the unresolved internal control weakness, and management credibility fully mediate the relation between company remediation strategies and investing judgments. These findings should be informative to both auditors and management when confronted with a range of IT and non-IT internal control weaknesses following the initial identification and disclosure of multiple material weaknesses as required by SOX.
A model of a relative peer grading system for MOOCs

This paper defines a model for a relative grading system that scales from low enrollment to large enrollment courses. The model allows peer grader to rank a small subset of submissions that are later merged into a global ranked set of all submissions for an assignment. This global set of ranked submissions and grades produced by expert graders(instructors and/or teachers assistants) who perform absolute grading of their own small subset of the submissions, are used to interpolate a cardinal grade for each submission of an assignment but excluding the ones graded by the experts. This model will be simulated to define the values of different parameters that produces valid and reliable grades. The research will also show that the model is scalable for different size courses by examining the effort of peer graders and expert graders.
Local natural resources and crime: Evidence from oil price fluctuations in Texas

Abstract We exploit plausibly exogenous changes in the value of reserves in Texas's giant oil fields to determine the impact of crime in Texas counties that have reserves. Texas provides an ideal setting for this research strategy. First, Texas has the largest number of giant oil fields. Second, Texas's giant oil fields possess the greatest remaining oil potential. Third, giant oil fields are dispersed throughout the state. We find that a 1% increase in the value of oil reserves increases murder by 0.16%, robbery by 0.55% and larceny by 0.18%. Using the estimated elasticities, an average increase in the value of oil reserves (26% increase in the value of reserves) results in a 4.15% increase in murder rates, 8% increase in robbery and 4.7% increase in larceny. These effects are not trivial. We explore potential mechanisms that could be driving this increase in crime and find that an increase in the value of local oil reserves improves the local economic conditions, increases the share of young males, and increases the share of individuals residing in group quarters (e.g. temporary worker housing) of its county with no effect on the local economic conditions, demographic changes or crime rates of adjacent counties.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Medical Management Perspective

Trigeminal neuralgia is a well-recognized neuropathic pain syndrome characterized by brief paroxysms of facial pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. The syndrome can occur secondary to a number of medical conditions including multiple sclerosis, basilar artery aneurysm, and brain tumor [1]. The disorder can also be idiopathic, the latter instance being known as tic douloureux. Trigeminal neuralgia can strike persons of any age but typically affects older individuals. Treatment options include a number of neuropathic pain medications as well as neurosurgical and radiosurgical interventions. The mainstay of treatment for most individuals, however, remains medication.
Adeno-Associated Virus and Other Potential Vectors for Angiostatin and Endostatin Gene Therapy

Recently, evidence has gathered that inhibiting angiogenesis, the process by which new vessels are generated from existing ones, may have significant advantages over conventional cancer chemotherapy, including nontoxicity, lack of drug resistance, and broadspectrum efficacy against tumors of varied origins. To date, the demonstration of these benefits has relied solely on the administration of purified anti-angiogenic proteins into mouse models. A major hindrance to the clinical applicability of anti-angiogenic proteins lies in the current lack of the means to generate and administer these proteins in large enough quantities to achieve an effective dose over the lengths of time that would be needed to keep tumors suppressed in human subjects. Gene transfer using the appropriate vector may offer a single modality which can both generate and simply administer these proteins over the entire course needed to achieve anti-angiogenic cancer therapy.
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Gsα Gene

One of the best understood signal transduction pathways activated by receptors containing seven transmembrane domains involves activation of heterotrimeric G-protein complexes containing Gs(alpha), the subsequent stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, production of cAMP, activation of protein kinase A (PKA), and the phosphorylation of substrates that control a wide variety of cellular responses. Here, we report the identification of "loss-of-function" mutations in the Drosophila Gs(alpha) gene (dgs). Seven mutants have been identified that are either complemented by transgenes representing the wild-type dgs gene or contain nucleotide sequence changes resulting in the production of altered Gs(alpha) protein. Examination of mutant alleles representing loss-of-Gs(alpha) function indicates that the phenotypes generated do not mimic those created by mutational elimination of PKA. These results are consistent with the conclusion reached in previous studies that activation of PKA, at least in these developmental contexts, does not depend on receptor-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP, in contrast to the predictions of models developed primarily on the basis of studies in cultured cells.
Barriers to Acquiring Assistive Technology: Cost and Lack of Information:

This article discusses two major obstacles that visually impaired persons face when considering the purchase of assistive technology—cost and lack of information about technology and financial assi...
Epoxy Networks from a Fluorodiimidediol

A novel fluorodiimidediol has been synthesized utilizing diamine, anhydride, and existing solution imidization techniques. Two synthetic methodologies leading to heavily fluorinated epoxy networks are reported. One approach to convert it into diepoxy via dichlorohydrin in basic solution permits the opening of the imide rings and subsequently reacting with the epoxy rings to an amide, carboxylate-containing epoxy network. The other approach, to cure it with a fluorodiepoxide in the catalytic presence of tetramethylammonium bromide, results in an imidecontaining epoxy network with intact imide rings.
Phenobarbital Pharmacokinetics with Particular Emphasis on the Treatment of Overdosed Patients

Phenobarbital has been used for many years as an anticonvulsant and sedative. Although phenobarbital is a relatively safe drug when used appropriately, iatrogenic or intentional phenobarbital overdosage is relatively common and dangerous without proper management. If untreated, patients may die from respiratory depression. Conservative treatment of an intoxicated patient includes correction of life-threatening symptoms which may include assisted ventilation, prevention of further drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, alkaline diuresis to increase the rate of phenobarbital removal from the body and to decrease drug distribution into the brain, and general supportive care. The aim of alkaline diuresis in adults is to produce a urine flow of 300–500 ml/hr and a urine pH approaching 8. More aggressive forms of therapy include charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis.
Assessment of metals in detection of TB biomarkers: Novel computational approach

Abstract Computational approach has been applied for the identification of suitable metal ions that can be functionalized on titania (TiO2) nanotubes for possible application as a detection assembly for detecting different pathogenic conditions present in the human body such as tuberculosis. B3LYP Density functional calculations are performed to quantify the binding affinity of a set of metal ions of different valency such as: monovalent: Li1+, Cu1+, divalent: Fe2+, Ni2+, Cr2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ trivalent: In3+, Co3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+ for the biomarker molecules such as methyl phenylacetate, methyl p-anisate, methyl nicotinate, and o-phenyl anisole that are responsible for the detection of tuberculosis. Also a quantitative analysis has been discussed by addressing the selectivity of metals towards the biomarkers in presence of volatile organic compounds commonly present in human breath. Present study shows that among the trivalent and divalent metal ions considered in this work, Al3+ and Cu2+ selectively shows a relatively higher binding affinity towards the above biomarker molecules in presence of volatile organic compounds. The result from this study can be used for the fabrication of sensing system (metal functionalized TiO2-nanotube) for the detection of tuberculosis which is currently undergoing in our research group.
Perfect balance and circularly rich words

A recent article [Milne, Andrew J., David Bulger, and Steffan A. Herff. 2017. “Exploring the Space of Perfectly Balanced Rhythms and Scales.” Journal of Mathematics and Music 11 (2):101--133] posit...
Some Recursive Function Theory

We defined a function f to be computable just in case the relation j(x 1,… x n) = z is n.r. in Q. This implies that for some number e $$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {f\left( {{n_1}, \ldots {n_k}} \right) = miff \vdash \underline {\left( {\exists a} \right)T\left( {e,{n_1}, \ldots {n_k},m,a} \right)} } \\ {f\left( {{n_1}, \ldots {n_k}} \right) \ne miff \vdash \underline { - T\left( {e,{n_1}, \ldots {n_k},m,j} \right)} forallj.} \end{array} $$ $$ f\left( {{n_1},...{n_k}} \right) \ne m\;iff \vdash \;\underline { - T\left( {e,{n_1},...{n_k},m,j} \right)} \;for\,all\,j $$ . It will be useful to introduce the notation {e}(n 1,...n k ) for f(n 1,...n k ) where e is the number assigned to the function f. Recall that we defined a set S to be weakly n.r. just in case there is an Aa such that n ∈ S iff ⊢Q An. We will now show the equivalence of several concepts of semi-effectiveness. Df S is recursively enumerable (r.e.) iff there is a total computable f such that n ∈ S iff (∃ z)f(z) = n.
Dual Lewis Acid/Photoredox-Catalyzed Addition of Ketyl Radicals to Vinylogous Carbonates in the Synthesis of 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones

A combined Lewis acid/photoredox catalyst system enabled the intramolecular umpolung addition of ketyl radicals to vinylogous carbonates in the synthesis of 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones. This reaction proceeded on a variety of aromatic ketones to provide THF rings in good yield (up to 95%). Although diastereoselectivity was found to be modest (1.4–5:1) for the C-C bond forming reaction, the minor diastereomers were converted to 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ones by an efficient Lewis acid-mediated epimerization cascade in up to 90% yield.
Fractional Ostrowski–Sugeno Type Fuzzy Integral Univariate Inequalities

Here we present fractional univariate Ostrowski-Sugeno Fuzzy type inequalities. These are of Ostrowski-like inequalities in the setting of Sugeno fuzzy integral and its special-particular properties. In a fractional environment, they give tight upper bounds to the deviation of a function from its Sugeno-fuzzy averages. The fractional derivatives we use are of Canavati and Caputo types.
Hybrid arch bars reduce placement time and glove perforations compared to Erich arch bars during the application of maxillomandibular fixation: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose The use of a bone-fixated hybrid arch bar system provides an alternative method to Erich arch bars to apply maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) during the treatment for mandibular fractures. The purpose of the study is to compare the time for placement and removal, effect on the gingiva, and operator safety. Methods The authors designed a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to compare the 2 types of arch bars. Patients with mandibular fractures presenting to the authors’ institution were enrolled in the study and randomized into 2 groups: (1) the Erich arch bar group secured with circumdental stainless steel wires and (2) the Hybrid arch bar group secured with bone-borne self-drilling locking screws. The primary outcome variable was arch bar placement time. Secondary outcomes were glove tears or penetrations during application, gingival appearance score at removal, loose hardware at removal, removal time, and glove tears or penetrations at removal. The groups were compared by using the Student t test. Results A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 43 patients randomized to the Erich arch bar group and 47 patients randomized to the Hybrid arch bar group. The mean time for application of Erich arch bars was 31.3 Â ± 9.3 minutes and 6.9 Â ± 3.1 for the Hybrid arch bars (P Conclusions Hybrid arch bars with bone-borne locking screws offer a number of advantages, including faster placement, shorter removal time, and a greater margin of safety for the operating surgeons, as demonstrated by significantly fewer glove tears and penetrations.
Angle-Resolved Transport Measurements Reveal Electronic Nematicity in Cuprate Superconductors

Observations of spontaneous breaking of the rotational symmetry in an electron fluid, the so-called “electronic nematicity,” have been reported in several quantum materials. We have developed several different methods, based on angle-resolved transport measurements, to determine the amplitude and the director of the nematic order. We present methods that are applicable to thin films or single crystals, illustrate them with transport data obtained on copper oxide superconductors, and discuss their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Documentation, structural health monitoring and numerical modelling for damage assessment of the Morris Island Lighthouse

Heritage structures serve as invaluable records of cultural achievement that should be preserved for future generations. To ensure the successful preservation of these structures, there must be an ...
Comparison Of Digital Manometer And Water Column Manometer Pressures Measurements During Lumbar Puncture

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure measurement is routinely performed via a conventional water column manometer. There is increasing interest in using a digital manometer in measuring CSF pressures. The aim of this study is to compare column and digital manometers, in addition to measuring time to acquire the pressure readings. Research design and methods This prospective study included 27 patients who were referred for a fluoroscopically guided lumbar puncture. Opening pressure and closing pressure measurements were done with a digital manometer and then a traditional water column manometer. The time to obtain each pressure measurement was also recorded and compared. Results Mean time to obtain pressure reading was significantly lower in the digital manometer group when compared to the water column manometer group (8.1 seconds vs. 42.2 seconds, P<0.05 for opening pressure and 8.92 seconds vs. 45.15 seconds, P<0.05 for closing pressure). Correlation between the opening pressure measurements (Pearson coefficient r= 0.98) and closing pressure (Pearson coefficient r= 0.89) was strong. However, the digital manometer reading consistently read higher. Conclusion Digital manometry during an LP yielded is faster however there might be a clinical difference between the devices. Clinicians must be careful in using the device across all cases.
Designing Effective Microwave Antennas for Clinical Applications in Thermal Medicine

The field of thermal medicine is a wide open arena for innovations in microwave antenna development. After a brief overview of typical clinical applications and available technology, three examples of antenna designs that solve unique clinical challenges will be considered as motivation for future development process. Along with a healthy appreciation for past successes in device development, it is important to contemplate the entire process of accurately translating clinical challenge to appropriate design goals and implementing sufficiently adaptable device features to ensure effective clinical performance. A good appreciation for this collaborative process should enhance the success of future microwave antenna developments for the field of medicine.
Anxious to see you: Neuroendocrine mechanisms of social vigilance and anxiety during adolescence

Social vigilance is a behavioral strategy commonly used in adverse or changing social environments. In animals, a combination of avoidance and vigilance allows an individual to evade potentially dangerous confrontations while monitoring the social environment to identify favorable changes. However, prolonged use of this behavioral strategy in humans is associated with increased risk of anxiety disorders, a major burden for human health. Elucidating the mechanisms of social vigilance in animals could provide important clues for new treatment strategies for social anxiety. Importantly, during adolescence the prevalence of social anxiety increases significantly. We hypothesize that many of the actions typically characterized as anxiety behaviors begin to emerge during this time as strategies for navigating more complex social structures. Here, we consider how the social environment and the pubertal transition shape neural circuits that modulate social vigilance, focusing on the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and prefrontal cortex. The emergence of gonadal hormone secretion during adolescence has important effects on the function and structure of these circuits, and may play a role in the emergence of a notable sex difference in anxiety rates across adolescence. However, the significance of these changes in the context of anxiety is still uncertain, as not enough studies are sufficiently powered to evaluate sex as a biological variable. We conclude that greater integration between human and animal models will aid the development of more effective strategies for treating social anxiety.
The Long-Run Impact of Zoning in US Cities

Since the early twentieth century, virtually every city in the USA has embraced comprehensive zoning as a means to shape and control the development of land use. Early zoning regulations took cues from existing land use patterns while also attempting to reduce land use conflict by enforcing a greater separation of incompatible uses. Zoning and land use have since coevolved endogenously over the course of the following century. This chapter synthesizes and elaborates on the work of Shertzer et al. (J Urban Econ 105:20–39, 2018) and Twinam (Reg Sci Urban Econ 73:155–169, 2018) aimed at measuring the causal impact of early zoning laws on the long-run evolution of land use in US cities. Using a wide variety of detailed pre-zoning microdata and digitized zoning maps from two major US cities, Chicago and Seattle, I employ several analytical approaches to answer the following questions: (1) To what extent did initial zoning efforts conflict or coincide with existing land uses? (2) Did zoning effect substantial changes in land use patterns? (3) How does the impact of zoning on the long-run development of land use compare to that of other important economic determinants, such as pre-existing land use patterns, geography, transportation, and demographics? My results suggest that zoning has played an influential role in determining the economic geography of US cities.
DOES LIGHT CHAIN SUPPRESSION THERAPY IMPROVE CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED AL AMYLOIDOSIS

Cardiac dysfunction is the major determinant of survival in patients with advanced light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Whether monoclonal light chain suppression therapy, the mainstay of AL amyloidosis, can improve cardiac function remains uncertain. 94 patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis from
The Growing Divide in the Composition of Public Health Delivery Systems in US Rural and Urban Communities, 2014-2018.

Objectives. To examine changes in the scope of activity and organizational composition of public health delivery systems serving rural and urban US communities between 2014 and 2018.Methods. We use...
A Modern Fortran Interface in OpenSHMEM Need for Interoperability with Parallel Fortran Using Coarrays

Languages and libraries based on Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming models are convenient for exploiting scalable parallelism on large applications across different domains with irregular memory access patterns. OpenSHMEM is a PGAS-based library interface specification. As a result of using legacy non-standard Fortran features, support for Fortran language bindings is deprecated in OpenSHMEM specification version 1.4. In this work, we propose a new OpenSHMEM interface using the Fortran-C interoperability bind(C) feature introduced in Fortran 2003 language standard. This new interface is implemented over the existing C-language bindings in the OpenSHMEM specification. Through this work, we intend to showcase the expressiveness of the new proposed interface, along with its productivity and performance benefits that can be extracted in applications with irregular memory access patterns.
Grade Expectations: When 100% Isn’t Good Enough

Embracing a positive-psychology approach to well-being, this study aimed at identifying how to maximize students’ pleasure when receiving grades. Results from two experiments showed that students g...
6Fit-A-Part: A Protocol for Physical Distancing on a Custom Wearable Device

The coronavirus pandemic is altering our way of life. As more establishments open, there is an expectation that people will follow physical distancing guidelines. The implementation, however, is poor; just putting up warning signs appealing the general public to keep a distance of 6 feet from others is hardly enough. In this paper we consider the design of a wearable device that raises an alarm if another similar device is detected within a set distance. It uses off-the-shelf ultra-wideband radio technology for real-time, accurate distance estimation from others in the vicinity. We design an one-to-all ranging protocol that is able to accurately estimate distance to neighboring devices and warn the user if the distance falls below a certain established threshold within a short time. The device must compensate for human occlusions and avoid unnecessary warnings when physical barriers exist between devices. We implement and evaluate our protocol in a small testbed with custom prototype hardware as well as in simulation. Our ranging protocol is capable of performing up to 10 distance measurements per second, while avoiding packet collisions. The overall percentage of rangings completed is around 65% in a 10-node network, and the distance accuracy is around 20cm even with frequent human occlusions. We believe this prototype will provide the first steps to ensure physical distancing in various real-world settings.