cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING RECOVERY FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTAL ACCIDENTS: ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION, ECOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS, AND STRATEGIES

Gauging whether or when a population, species, or community recovers from an environmental accident or disturbance, such as an oil spill or forest fire, is complicated by environmental variation in time and space, and therefore depends on the assumptions one makes about equilibrium. These ecological assumptions about equilibrium affect how one designs and interprets studies to assess recovery from environmental accidents or disturbances. We use examples from studies conducted following the Exxon Valdezoil spill to illustrate several approaches to assessing recovery and their sensitivity to the form of equilibrium one assumes. Baseline study designs, which compare levels of a resource after the disturbance to pre-disturbance levels for impact data only, are generally inadequate because they rest on the unrealistic assumption of steady-state equilibrium. Since data for the impact area only are used, recovery and temporal variation are confounded. Unlike baseline designs, before-after control-impact (BACI) designs use impact and reference data, and relax this sensitivity by incorporating both temporal and spatial variation. Studies that compare impacted with reference areas in a single year following the disturbance assume spatial equilibrium and therefore may confound recovery with systematic spatial differences between the areas. Sampling and analytical strategies such as stratified random sampling or the use of environmental measures as covariates may lessen the sensitivity to this as- sumption. Multiyear studies that include comparisons between impacted and reference areas or that sample areas along a gradient of disturbance rest on the more realistic assumption of dynamic equilibrium. Understanding the underlying assumptions and how they relate to the approach one uses must be part of assessing the recovery of biological resources from an environmental accident. Because the dynamics of different populations, species, and communities and the environments they occupy vary and exhibit different dependencies on the scale of distur- bance (and the scale of analysis), there is no single ''best'' approach to assessing recovery. Discussions about recovery should include an explicit and honest consideration of the underlying ecological assumptions, the likelihood that they hold in the system being studied, and the consequences if the assumptions are violated.
Virtual Metrology Modeling for Plasma Etch Operations

The objective of this paper is to present the utilization of information produced during plasma etching for the prediction of etch bias. A plasma etching process typically relies on the concentration of electrically activated chemical species in a reaction chambers over time, depending on chamber pressure, gas flow rate, power level, and other chamber and wafer properties. Plasma properties, as well as equipment factors, are complex and vary over time. In this paper, we will use various statistical techniques to address challenges due to the nature of plasma data: high dimensionality, colinearity, parameter interactions and nonlinearities, variation of data structure due to equipment condition changing over time, etc. The emphasis will be data integrity, variable selection, accommodation for process dynamics, and model-building methods. Different techniques will be evaluated with an industrial dataset.
Assembly and Misassembly of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator: Folding Defects Caused by Deletion of F508 Occur Before and After the Calnexin-dependent Association of Membrane Spanning Domain (MSD) 1 and MSD2

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a polytopic membrane protein that functions as a Cl(-) channel and consists of two membrane spanning domains (MSDs), two cytosolic nucleotide binding domains (NBDs), and a cytosolic regulatory domain. Cytosolic 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), and endoplasmic reticulum-localized calnexin are chaperones that facilitate CFTR biogenesis. Hsp70 functions in both the cotranslational folding and posttranslational degradation of CFTR. Yet, the mechanism for calnexin action in folding and quality control of CFTR is not clear. Investigation of this question revealed that calnexin is not essential for CFTR or CFTRDeltaF508 degradation. We identified a dependence on calnexin for proper assembly of CFTR's membrane spanning domains. Interestingly, efficient folding of NBD2 was also found to be dependent upon calnexin binding to CFTR. Furthermore, we identified folding defects caused by deletion of F508 that occurred before and after the calnexin-dependent association of MSD1 and MSD2. Early folding defects are evident upon translation of the NBD1 and R-domain and are sensed by the RMA-1 ubiquitin ligase complex.
“Hunger Hurts but Starving Works”: Characterizing the Presentation of Eating Disorders Online

Within the CSCW community, little has been done to systematically analyze online eating disorder (ED) user generated content. In this paper, we present the results of a cross-platform content analysis of ED-related posts. We analyze the way that hashtags are used in ad-hoc ED- focused networks and present a comprehensive corpus of ED-terminology that frequently accompanies ED activities online. We provide exemplars of the types of ED-related content found online. Through this characterization of activities, we draw attention to the increasingly important role that these platforms play and how they are used and misappropriated for negative health purposes. We also outline specific challenges associated with researching these types of networks online. CAUTION: This paper includes media that could potentially be a trigger to those dealing with an eating disorder or with other self-injury illnesses. Please use caution when reading, printing, or disseminating this paper.
Unilateral Renal Ischemia and Erythropoietin.

SummaryPlasma taken from rats having moderately constricted or severely constricted right renal arteries failed on 2 occasions to induce a significant increase in the 18 hour RBC uptake of Fe59 when compared with similarly treated controls that received plasma from unoperated animals. Microcapillary hematocrit values were also the same for the experimental and control assay groups.
Muscle cell pH in relation to chronicity of potassium depletion.

SummaryIntracellular hydrogen ion changes in skeletal muscle from rats on a low-K regimen for 14 or 35 days were determined by DMO distribution. The objective was to determine whether changes in intracellular pH, plasma pH and plasma bicarbonate concentration would parallel the Na plus K deficit in K-deficient muscle. The results of this study were interpreted as indicating that the increased acidity in skeletal muscle from K-deficient rats is apparently related to the chronicity of K restriction but totally unrelated to the unequal replacement of muscle K loss by Na gain.
Shape Change Through Programmable Stiffness

We present a composite material with embedded sensing and actuation that can perform permanent shape changes by temporarily varying its stiffness and applying an external moment. Varying stiffness is a complementary approach to actuator-chain based approaches that can be accomplished using a large variety of means ranging from heat, electric field or vacuum. A polycaprolactone (PCL) bar provides stiffness at room temperature. Heating elements and thermistors are distributed along the bar so that local regions can be tuned to a specific temperature/stiffness. Applying an external moment using two tendon actuators then lets the material snap into a desired shape. We describe the composite structure, the principles behind shape change using variable stiffness control, and forward and inverse kinematics of the system. We present experimental results using a 5-element bar that can assume different global conformations using two simple actuators.
Study on skin sensitization as well as liver and kidney impairment in guinea pigs treated with trichloroethylene

Objective To study skin sensitization as well as liver and kidney impairment in guinea pigs treated with trichloroethylene (TCE).Methods Guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) was applied in this study.Guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups,namely negative control,positive control and TCE treatment.Animals of 3 groups were administrated with olive oil,2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB),and TCE,respectively,by intradermal injection.The animal skin was observed and blood was collected after various treatment.The liver function tests were conducted,including detection of activities of ALT,AST,LDH and levels of creatinine,uric acid,and urea with automatic biochemical analyzer.Results Obvious skin impairment was observed in the groups of positive control and TCE treatment.The skin impairment included erythema and edema.The sensitization rate was 100% in positive control and 83.3% in TCE treatment group.Additionally,the activities of ALT,AST and LDH increased significantly in the groups of positive control and TCE treatment when compared with the negative control (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).Conclusions Trichloroethylene is one of the strong hypersensitizing substances,and it could induce skin allergic reaction and liver impairment in guinea pigs. Key words: Trichloroethylene; Skin tests; Liver function tests; Kidney function tests
Crude Fictions: How New Nigerian Short Stories Sabotage Big Oil’s Master Narrative

New Nigerian short stories, more easily available to readers than ever before, call into question the dominant discourse around oil production nationally and internationally as they depict the complex, lived reality of a resource-rich country riven by corruption, greed, and poverty. The struggle over oil resources and rights regularly involves acts of sabotage and because of their content, their form, and their distribution, the stories themselves can be considered as small acts of sabotage. The stories’ formal qualities - or lack thereof - reflect the circumstances of their production as a tertiary by-product of sabotage. Like the material by-product, the crude oil to be distributed as part of an informal economy, these stories are unrefined. This textual output, like that commodity form, is more quickly available, less constrained by production, less costly for being raw or unprocessed, and more willfully destructive of disciplinary institutions, corporate, national, and literary.
Diet and exercise in breast cancer.

JL Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly are an important part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle for everyone, but emerging evidence suggests that diet and exercise may be especially important for breast cancer survivors. Observational evidence has shown that women who exercise after breast cancer diagnosis have a lower risk of recurrence, although this relationship has not yet been tested in randomized trials. A healthy diet has also been linked to a lower risk of recurrence in some, but not all, studies. Although more work is needed to determine if changing diet and exercise behaviors after breast cancer diagnosis will improve outcomes, this preliminary evidence is very exciting and may one day provide a way for women to further lower their risk of breast cancer recurrence.
Abstract 2373: Assessing intra-tumor heterogeneity and tracking longitudinal and spatial clonal evolution by next-generation sequencing

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Cancer is a disease driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that follows Darwinian evolution. Recently, there have been increasing efforts to sequence the tumor from the same patient at multiple time points and/or from multiple spatially separated resections. Different snapshots of the same tumor have proved invaluable for identifying subclonal populations and inferring the tumor's history. We propose a method, Canopy, for estimating the clonal history and for longitudinal and spatial comparison of mutation profiles from one or more samples derived from a single patient. Canopy accounts for normal cell contamination and reconstructs subclonal phylogeny utilizing both somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) and somatic single nucleotide alterations (SNAs). Canopy provides a general mathematical framework that enumerates all possible CNA-SNA phases and temporal orderings. Taking as input the mutant and reference allele frequencies for SNAs, and depth of coverage for CNAs, Canopy gives confidence assessments of all possible configurations of the cancer's clonal evolution. Canopy is applied to three cancer sequencing datasets of varying study design, as well as to an extensive simulation study. On a whole-exome study of a transplantable metastasis model derived from human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, Canopy successfully deconvolutes the mixed cell sublines, using the single cell sublines as ground truth, and identifies DNA signatures that can be prognostic of distant metastasis. On a whole-genome sequencing dataset of the primary tumor and relapse genome of a leukemia patient, Canopy predicts phylogenetic histories in concordance with existing knowledge. On a whole-genome sequencing dataset of the breast cancer tumor and its subsequent metastatic xenograft, Canopy's inferred clonal phylogeny is concordant with genomic markers of major clonal genotype and is confirmed by single-cell sequencing. Finally, through simulations, we explore the effects of various parameters on deconvolution accuracy, and evaluate performance with comparison against existing methods. Collectively, Canopy provides a rigorous foundation for statistical inference on repeated sequencing experiments from evolving populations delineated temporally and spatially. Citation Format: Yuchao Jiang, Yu Qiu, Andy J. Minn, Nancy R. Zhang. Assessing intra-tumor heterogeneity and tracking longitudinal and spatial clonal evolution by next-generation sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2373.
Nonhuman Primate Self-Administration in Assessments of Abuse Potential

Studies of drug self-administration and dependence in laboratory animals are critical components in the Food and Drug Administration's assessment of the abuse potential of drugs. This chapter describes the use of nonhuman primates (NHPs) for such assessments. NHPs are more similar to humans in brain anatomy, connectivity, and neurochemistry than other species, particularly in the brain areas that mediate the reinforcing effects of drugs. As a result of being closely phylogenetically related to humans, NHPs are often the most appropriate species for modeling the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans. From an experimental perspective, the use of NHPs permits longitudinal studies in which several variables can be manipulated over an extended period of time to more fully assess the abuse potential of a drug and the long-term consequences of drug treatment. Moreover, the sophisticated behavioral and cognitive repertoire of monkeys renders them preferred subjects for studies that use complex schedules of reinforcement that best model the conditions in which humans abuse drugs.
E. B. Tylor and the Anthropology of Religion

PAPER PREPARED FOR THE 95th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, SAN FRANCISCO, NOVEMBER 21, 1996In light of the retrospective theme of this Annual Meeting, it is fitting that we pay homage to Edward Burnett Tylor (1832-1917). His appointment as Reader in Anthropology at Oxford in 1884 was the first academic appointment of an anthropologist qua anthropologist in the English-speaking world. And in his two volume classic, Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor, as Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952:150-151) observe, "was deliberately establishing a science by defining its subject matter." Yet although Tylor is not far removed from us in time, and while he writes in a language very similar to our own, we might nevertheless take note of Lesley Hartley's lines, "The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there" (Prologue, The Go-Between, 1953). Despite Tylor's pleasing and seemingly lucid prose, his concerns, sensitivities, and insensitivities do not fully match ours. If we are to improve our scholarly understanding and appreciation of his efforts, we must try to learn as best we can what Tylor was against as well as what he advocated, and what he hoped to achieve within the context of the intellectual ambiance in which he operated.
Interactive Code Smells Detection: An Initial Investigation

In this paper, we introduced a novel technique to generate more user-oriented detection rules by taking into account their feedback. Our techniques initially generate a set of detection rules that will be used to detect candidate code smells, these reported code smells will be exposed in an interactive fashion to the developer who will give his/her feedback by either approving or rejecting the identified code smell in the code fragment. This feedback will be fed to the GP as constraints and additional examples in order to converge towards more user-preferred detection rules. We initially investigated the detection of three types of code smells in four open source systems and reported that the interactive code smell detection achieves a precision of 89 % and recall on average when detecting infected classes. Results show that our approach can best imitate the user’s decision while omitting the complexity of manual tuning the detection rules.
R&D models for advanced development & corporate research: Understanding six models of advanced R&D

Our purpose is to develop new models that define the advanced development & corporate research approaches of modern global high tech firms. While the world has moved on from Bell Labs' famous advanced research model, visionary and farsighted technology-driven innovation is still vital to many of today's most successful global technology companies. Corporate innovation strategies are implemented through research laboratories, academic collaborations, advanced technology groups, standards groups, CTO office prototypes, internal/ external incubations, and open innovations. Unlike the well-understood nature of short-term product development, long time frames, fuzzily defined goals, and unclear measures of success lead to uncertainty of how to best run and fund advanced technology and applied corporate research. While all firms agree that advanced research is vital, their measures and processes differ widely. To identify modern models of effective advanced research approaches, the context in which such approaches are most effective, and the metrics by which they should be evaluated, we interviewed leaders at various successful and established global firms such as Cisco, Intel, Google, and others. We used the data collected to inductively arrive at six models that characterize modern advanced research approaches. The approaches of these models were different in the sense that some rely on academic and industry collaboration while others revolve around disrupting the status quo. The fact that the companies included in this study were successful means that all the models reflect a useful approach to advanced research. Therefore, no single model should be considered as better or ideal than the other. The models could be of use to a company trying to create an appropriate advanced research approach based on its goals and needs. Similarly, these models could help a company fine tune its existing R&D approach as its goals and identity develop over time. The models we present here provide useful terminology and will serve as backbone for further study of advanced development & corporate research approaches.
Bring Your Own Device: A Digital Notebook for Undergraduate Biochemistry Laboratory Using a Free, Cross-Platform Application

The majority of undergraduates own a smartphone, yet fewer than half view it as a valuable learning technology. Consequently, a digital laboratory notebook (DLN) was developed for an upper-division undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course using the free mobile application Evernote. The cloud-based DLN capitalized on the unique features of smartphones (i.e., photo uploading, audio capture, dictation) and could also be accessed from any Internet-connected device (i.e., tablet, laptop, desktop). This cross-platform flexibility enabled a “Bring Your Own Device” philosophy in the course, leveraging the educational power of students’ personal devices. The DLN served as a secure data management system, where any file could be attached, edited, and analyzed. The DLN also accommodated freehand drawing. A postsemester survey indicated that the cloud connectivity of the DLN facilitated greater collaboration between students and enhanced the quality of their communication with the instructor compared with traditi...
Overcoming Challenges to Successful Treatment Outcomes in Minority Patients with HIV/AIDS

Improved HIV/AIDS outcomes and decreased mortality due to treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the USA have not benefited minorities to the same extent as whites.1,2 HIV/AIDS is one of the largest contributors to the gap in life expectancy between blacks and whites in the USA, because of disproportionate HIV infection rates as well as higher HIV-related death rates, which have persisted in the post-HAART era.1 Furthermore, HIV/AIDS is one of the key clinical areas in which disparities were found and documented in the Institute of Medicine report on health care disparities, “Unequal Treatment”.3
Auditory Scene Analysis: An Attention Perspective

Purpose This review article provides a new perspective on the role of attention in auditory scene analysis. Method A framework for understanding how attention interacts with stimulus-driven process...
NOAH--New York Online Access to Health: library collaboration for bilingual consumer health information on the Internet.

New York Online Access to Health (NOAH) is a Web site that provides accurate, timely, relevant, and unbiased full-text health information in both English and Spanish. A joint project of The City University of New York Office of Library Services, The New York Academy of Medicine Library, the Metropolitan New York Library Council, and The New York Public Library, NOAH brings consumer health information to the public in New York City and around the world via the Internet. NOAH is an example of a successful collaboration among different types of libraries (academic, public, medical society) and voluntary health agencies to use new technologies to reach a very broad public. This paper discusses the involvement of the library partners in terms of the management and funding of the site. Web site construction is described including how the information is gathered and organized. Future plans and funding issues for NOAH are considered in terms of the expected increase in the need for consumer health information. NOAH can be reached at: www.noah.cuny.edu.
Year in review 2010: Critical Care- neurocritical care

In 2010 Critical Care published a large number of articles on critical care aspects of neurologic and neurosurgical conditions. These aspects included investigation of diagnostic criteria for bacterial meningitis, critical illness myopathy and their relationship to systemic inflammation. A number of studies investigated the biology of sepsis-related delirium, its biomarkers, its relationship to inflammation and its impact on outcome. Other teams reported on the use of magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers and electroencephalogram to predict outcome in patients who were comatose following cardiac arrest. Our understanding of the pathophysiology as well as management of subarachnoid hemorrhage was addressed in several papers. Topics included the effect of hemodynamic treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia, pulmonary edema and the impact of subarachnoid hemorrhage on endocrine function. Finally, outcome from neurocritical care and patients' retrospective willingness to consent to the treatment they received were reported.
A rhomboid protease, EhROM1, regulates the submembrane distribution and size of the Gal/GalNAc lectin subunits in the human protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica

Abstract Entamoeba histolytica is a food- and waterborne parasite that is the causative agent of amebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscesses. Adhesion is one of the most important virulence functions as it facilitates motility, colonization of host, destruction of host tissue, and uptake of nutrients by the parasite. One well-characterized parasite cell surface adhesin is the Gal/GalNAc lectin, which binds to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues on host components and is composed of heavy (Hgl), intermediate (Igl), and light (Lgl) subunits. Igl has been shown to be constitutively localized to lipid rafts (cholesterol-rich membrane domains), whereas Hgl and Lgl transiently associate with rafts. When all three subunits are localized to rafts there is an increase in galactose-sensitive adhesion. Thus, submembrane location may regulate the function of this adhesion. Rhomboid proteases are a conserved family of intramembrane proteases that also participate in the regulation of parasite-host interactions. In E. histolytica, one rhomboid protease, EhROM1, cleaves Hgl as a substrate, and knockdown of its expression inhibits parasite-host interactions. Since rhomboid proteases are found within membranes, it is not surprising that lipid composition regulates their activity and enzyme-substrate binding. Given the importance of the lipid environment for both rhomboid proteases and the Gal/GalNAc lectin, we sought to gain insight into the relationship between rhomboid proteases and submembrane location of the lectin in E. histolytica. We demonstrated that EhROM1, itself, is enriched in rafts. Reducing rhomboid protease activity, either pharmacologically or genetically, correlated with an enrichment of Hgl and Lgl in rafts. In a mutant cell line with reduced EhROM1 expression, there was also a significant augmentation of the level of all three Gal/GalNAc subunits on the cell surface and an increase in the molecular weight of Hgl and Lgl. Overall, the study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms governing parasite-host adhesion for this pathogen.
Control Challenges for Resilient Control Systems

In this chapter, we introduce methods to address resiliency issues for control systems. The main challenge for control systems is its cyber-physical system nature which strongly couples the cyber systems with physical layer dynamics. Hence the resiliency issues for control systems need to be addressed by integrating the cyber resiliency with the physical layer resiliency. We introduce frameworks that can provide a holistic view of the control system resiliency and a quantitative design paradigm that can enable an optimal cross-layer and cross-stage design at the planning, operation, and recovery stage of control systems. The control systems are often large-scale systems in industrial application and critical infrastructures. Decentralized control of such systems is indispensable. We extend the resiliency framework to address distributed and collaborative resiliency among decentralized control agents.
Lab scale electrochemical codeposition experiments for comparison to computational predictions

Abstract Signature-based safeguards (SBS) is being developed to assist tradition nuclear material accountancy methods in tracking material in pyroprocessing facilities. SBS involves identifying off-normal scenarios that would result in improper movement of material in a pyroprocessing facilities and determining associated sensor response signatures. SBS investigations are undertaken in the computational space utilizing an electrochemical transport code known as enhanced REFIN with anodic dissolution (ERAD) to calculate the affect of off-normal conditions in the electrorefiner (ER) on material movement. Work is undertaken to experimentally validate the predictions and assumptions made by ERAD for off-normal occurrences. These experiments were undertaken on a benchtop scale and involved operating an electrochemical cell at 10 separate current densities for constant current operations to deposit U and Gd at a W cathode. These experiments were then modeled using ERAD to compare calculated predictions versus analytical experimental results it was found. It was discovered both the experimental and calculated results reflect a trend of increased codeposition of U and Gd with increasing current density. ERAD was thus demonstrated to be useful for predicting trends from anomalous operation but will require further optimization to be utilized as a quantitative design tool.
When does Creativity Matter? The Impact of Consumption Motive and Claim Set-Size: An Abstract

Designing creative ads is a critical goal for advertisers. Yet, while many researchers find positive effects of creativity on consumer responses, others argue that creativity is wasteful for ad persuasiveness or find no impact of creativity on outcomes such as ad attitudes. This paper identifies two boundary conditions affecting the effectiveness of an advertisement’s creativity: consumption motive (utilitarian vs. hedonic) and claim set-size (small number of claims vs. large number of claims). We propose and find that creativity is more effective for an advertisement when the consumption motive is utilitarian rather than hedonic. Further, using a larger claim set-size within an advertisement increases (decreases) the effectiveness of advertisement creativity for those with hedonic (utilitarian) consumption motives. Across two experiments, we find support for our hypotheses using both hedonic vs. utilitarian products (study 1) and manipulated hedonic vs. utilitarian decision goals within the same product category (study 2).
Management of the mild traumatic brain injured patient using a multidisciplinary observation unit protocol

Abstract Objectives We developed an ED based multidisciplinary observation unit (OU) protocol for patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We describe the cohort of patients who were placed in the ED OU and we evaluated if changes to our inclusion and exclusion criteria should be made. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate subjects who were admitted to the mTBI observation protocol. We included adults within 24 h of sustaining an mTBI with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 14 or 15 who had pre-specified head CT findings, and did not meet exclusion criteria. Predictors of need for hospital admission after completing the OU protocol were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The mean age was 49 (SD 23), 58 (33%) were female, and 136 (78%) were Caucasian. No subjects discharged home required a surgical intervention or ICU admission, and there were no deaths in discharged or admitted subjects. 28 subjects (16%) were admitted to the hospital following their OU stay. Subjects admitted were older (mean age: 56 vs. 48, p = 0.1) and had a higher proportion of traumatic bleeds on head CT (85% vs. 76%, p = 0.3). In multivariable logistic regression, GCS of 15 (aOR 4.24), African-American race (aOR 5.84), and no comorbid cardiac disease predicted discharge home after the observation protocol (aOR 0.28). Conclusions A period of observation for a pre-defined cohort of patients with mTBI provided a triage plan that could allow appropriate patient management without requiring admission in the majority of subjects.
Language left behind on social media exposes the emotional and cognitive costs of a romantic breakup

Using archived social media data, the language signatures of people going through breakups were mapped. Text analyses were conducted on 1,027,541 posts from 6,803 Reddit users who had posted about their breakups. The posts include users' Reddit history in the 2 y surrounding their breakups across the various domains of their life, not just posts pertaining to their relationship. Language markers of an impending breakup were evident 3 mo before the event, peaking on the week of the breakup and returning to baseline 6 mo later. Signs included an increase in I-words, we-words, and cognitive processing words (characteristic of depression, collective focus, and the meaning-making process, respectively) and drops in analytic thinking (indicating more personal and informal language). The patterns held even when people were posting to groups unrelated to breakups and other relationship topics. People who posted about their breakup for longer time periods were less well-adjusted a year after their breakup compared to short-term posters. The language patterns seen for breakups replicated for users going through divorce (n = 5,144; 1,109,867 posts) or other types of upheavals (n = 51,357; 11,081,882 posts). The cognitive underpinnings of emotional upheavals are discussed using language as a lens.
Convergence of SoC architecture and semiconductor manufacturing through AI/ML systems

AI/ML systems have been deployed in both SoC design/architecture as well as in semiconductor manufacturing over the years. These systems have been independent of each other with process design kits (PDK) being the interface between design and manufacturing. Recent advances in packaging technology and the adoption of chiplet architecture has opened exciting avenues for merged AI/ML systems that bring SoC architecture and manufacturing together. This work explores this opportunity of enabling an AI/ML system that brings manufacturing and design information together for chiplet architecture exploration
Depth Perception in Driving: Alcohol Intoxication, Eye Movement Changes, and the Disruption of Motion Parallax

Motion parallax, the ability to recover depth from retinal motion, is acrucial part of the visual information needed for driving. Recent work indicatesthat the perception of depth from motion parallax relies on the slow eyemovement system. It is well known that that alcohol intoxication reduces the gainof this slow eye movement system, the basis for the "horizontal gaze nystagmus"field sobriety test. The current study shows that alcohol intoxication also impairsthe perception of depth from motion parallax due to its influence on the slow eyemovement system. Observer thresholds in both active and passive motion parallaxtasks are significantly increased by acute alcohol intoxication. Perhaps such afailure of motion parallax plays a role when intoxicated drivers must make quickjudgements with what could be inaccurate or missing perceptual information aboutthe location of obstacles around them.
Innovation in Flight: Research of the NASA Langley Research Center on Revolutionary Advanced Concepts for Aeronautics

The goal of this publication is to provide an overview of the topic of revolutionary research in aeronautics at Langley, including many examples of research efforts that offer significant potential benefits, but have not yet been applied. The discussion also includes an overview of how innovation and creativity is stimulated within the Center, and a perspective on the future of innovation. The documentation of this topic, especially the scope and experiences of the example research activities covered, is intended to provide background information for future researchers.
Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine: A Journey in Science: The Birth of Organ Transplantation with Particular Reference to Alloengraftment Mechanisms

I was born and raised in LeMars, Iowa (population 5,000). After graduating from high school and serving in the Navy (1944–1945), I earned a BA degree from Westminster College (Missouri) and MD and PhD degrees from Northwestern University (1947–1952). My PhD thesis in neurophysiology under the preceptorship of Horace W Magoun consisted of four interrelated articles (1–4) that collectively continue to gather 5–10 citations per year after nearly 65 years (Web of Science, Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA, USA).
Integrated Electrospray Chip for Mass Spectrometry

We report here a novel micromachined fluid dispensing system for ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionization - Mass Spectrometry) that has integrated electrolysis-based micro pump, micro mixer and ESI nozzle on a single chip. The whole structure is built by multi-layer Parylene surface micromachining technology. Using this system, precise and multi-sample dispensing for ESI-MS can be achieved on a single chip.
High Pressure Superconducting Radial Magnetic Bearing

In a conventional radial magnetic bearing, the rotor (soft magnetic material) can only have attraction force from one of the electromagnets in the stator. The stator electromagnets consist of small copper windings with a soft magnetic material iron yoke. The maximum pressure obtainable is about 200 N/sq cm. It is shown that replacing the stator copper winding by a superconducting winding in the above configuration can increase the pressure to about 1000 N/sq cm. It is also shown that replacing the iron in the rotor by a group of superconducting windings in persistent mode and using a group of saddle coils in the stator can produce a pressure in excess of 2000 N/sq cm.
Prediction of Long-Term Failure in Kevlar 49 Composites

Creep rupture data in Kevlar 49 epoxy usually exhibit considerable scatter: the coefficient of variation (CV) about the mean failure time at a given stress exceeds 100%. Quasi-static strength data, in contrast, shows little scatter: <4% CV for pressure vessels and <10% for impregnated strands. In this paper analysis of existing creep rupture data on Kevlar epoxy vessels at four storage pressures has produced an interesting and useful result. It was found that a significant portion of the scatter in failure times for pressure vessels is due to spool-to-spool variation in the eight spools of Kevlar fibers used to wind the vessels. The order rank of mean times to failure was consistent over a pressure range from 3400 to 4300 psi, 68 to 86% of short term burst. Also, the coefficient of variation about the mean failure time for each spool was less than that for the total sample. The statistical inference that the sample is nonhomogeneous was supported by a nonparametric check using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and by a parametric analysis of variance. The order rank found in long-term tests did not unequivocally agree with static strength ranks; several spool sets were distinctly high or low. The implication ismore » that, while static strengths are not valid predictors of long-term behavior, short term creep rupture tests at high stress definitely are. The material difference which causes the spool-to-spool variations has not yet been identified for all eight spools. However, it appears that Kevlar behavior at lower pressures may be predicted through the use of curves fitted to the data for each spool. A power law relating failure time to pressure, t = t/sub 0/(p/p/sub 0/)/sup m/, was found to fit the data reasonably well. The implication is that, both in composite vessel design and in creep rupture experiments, the pressure (or stress) level be carefully controlled.« less
Control of bud inhibition in Cyperus

The axillary buds in the leaf crown of Cyperus alternifolius seedlings remain completely inhibited although the shoot is determinate and has no active apex. Buds can be released by detachment of the crown from the plant or by direct application of aqueous enzyladenine (BA), and grow out as inflorescences or vegetative shoots. These arise from activated growth centers of the primordial reproductive branch system which is enclosed within the prophyll of the inhibited bud. Buds are also released by the growth retardant, (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC). Gibberellic acid maintains bud inhibition in detached crowns and inhibits bud release caused by CCC or BA. Naphthaleneacetic acid somewhat reduces BA-induced bud release and causes abnormal root proliferation in CCC-treated crowns. It is suggested that a high level of gibberellin within the crown, possibly in relation to a low level of cytokinin, maintains bud inhibition.
Energy Bands of CsI (Green's Function Method)

Energy bands of CsI in the s.c. and f.c.c. modification have been calculated using the full relativistic Green's function method. Results for ionic and atomic potentials are presented. The splitting of d-like conduction bands, which is characteristically different in both crystal modifications, is explained by tight-binding considerations. The binding energy of the Γ8− – Γ6+ excition turns out to be about 30% larger in f.c.c. than in s.c. CsI. The calculated band separations and deformation potentials for hydrostatic pressure are in good agreement with experimental results. Die Energiebander von CsI in der CsCl- und in der Kochsalzmodifikation sind mit der relativistischen Methode der Green'schen Funktion berechnet worden. Es werden Ergebnisse fur Potentiale der freien Atome und Ionen vorgelegt. Die Aufspaltung der Leitungsbander vom d-Typ ist in beiden Gittern verschieden und wird mit der tight-binding-Naherung erklart. Die Bindungsenergie des Γ8− – Γ6+-Exzitons ist im Kochsalzgitter etwa 30% groser als im CsCl-Gitter. berechneten Bandabstande und Deformationspotentiale fur hydrostatischen Druck stimmen gut mit experimentellen Ergebnissen uberein.
Psychiatrists' and Internists' Knowledge and Attitudes About Delivery of Clinical Preventive Medical Services

OBJECTIVE: Changes in the health care environment have placed a greater responsibility on psychiatrists to deliver basic primary care services. The study assessed baseline knowledge and attitudes about clinical preventive medical services among psychiatric faculty and psychiatric residents at a tertiary care medical center. METHODS: Residents and faculty in psychiatry and general internal medicine completed a structured questionnaire, including 20 case scenarios, that assessed their baseline knowledge of clinical preventive medical services, their attitudes concerning delivery of those services, and their beliefs about the effectiveness of those services in changing patients' behavior. The case scenarios and knowledge questions were based on the clinical preventive medical services recommendations outlined by the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force. RESULTS: Psychiatrists reported more frequent assessment of and counseling about the use of illicit drugs and weapons, and internists were more likely to que...
A matching algorithm for the distribution of human pancreatic islets

The success of human pancreatic islet transplantation in a subset of type 1 diabetic patients has led to an increased demand for this tissue in both clinical and basic research, yet the availability of such preparations is limited and the quality highly variable. Under the current process of islet distribution for basic science experimentation nationwide, specialized laboratories attempt to distribute islets to one or more scientists based on a list of known investigators. This local decision making (LDM) process has been found to be ineffective and suboptimal. To alleviate these problems, a computerized Matching Algorithm for Islet Distribution (MAID) was developed to better match the functional, morphological, and quality characteristics of islet preparations to the criteria desired by basic research laboratories, i.e., requesters. The algorithm searches for an optimal combination of requesters using detailed screening, sorting, and search procedures. When applied to a data set of 68 human islet preparations distributed by the Islet Cell Resource (ICR) Center Consortium, MAID reduced the number of requesters that (a) did not receive any islets, and (b) received mis-matched shipments. These results suggest that MAID is an improved more efficient approach to the centralized distribution of human islets within a consortium setting.
Synaptic plasticity in the trigeminal principal nucleus during the period of barrelette formation and consolidation

We examined whether the postsynaptic responses of cells in the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (PrV) are subject to long-term changes in synaptic strength, and if such changes were correlated the whisker-specific patterning during and just after the critical period for pattern formation. We used an in vitro brainstem preparation in which the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and PrV remained attached. By electrically activating TG afferents, we evoked large-amplitude extracellular field potentials. These responses were postsynaptic in origin and blocked by the glutamate antagonist, DNQX. At P1, a time when barrelettes are consolidating, high frequency stimulation of their afferents led to an immediate (<1 min) and long-lasting (≥90 min) reduction (35%) in the amplitude of the evoked response. At P3–7, when the pattern of barrelettes have stabilized, the same form of tetanus led to an immediate and long-lasting increase (40%) in the amplitude of the response. Both forms of synaptic plasticity were mediated by the activation of L-type Ca2+ channels. Application of the L-type channel blocker, nitrendipine, led to a complete blockade of any the tetanus induced changes. These associative processes may regulate the patterning and maintenance of whisker-specific patterns in the brainstem trigeminal nuclei.
Role of the integrin αVβ3 in mediating increased smooth muscle cell responsiveness to IGF-I in response to hyperglycemic stress

Under usual conditions, the role of IGF-I in vascular cell types is to maintain cellular protein synthesis and cell size, and even excess IGF-I does not stimulate proliferation. In pathophysiologic states, such as hyperglycemia, smooth muscle cells (SMC) de-differentiate and change their responsiveness to IGF-I. During hyperglycemia IGF-I stimulates both SMC migration and proliferation. Our laboratory has investigated the molecular mechanism by which this change is mediated. Following hyperglycemia SMC secrete increased concentrations of thrombospondin, vitronectin and osteopontin, ligands for the integrin αVβ3. Activation of αVβ3 stimulates recruitment of a tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2. Exposure of SMC to IGF-I results in phosphorylation of the transmembrane protein, SHPS-1, which provides a docking site for αVβ3-associated SHP-2. After IGF-I stimulation SHP-2 associates with Src kinase, which associates with the signaling protein Shc. Src phosphorylates Shc, resulting in activation of MAP kinases, which are necessary both for stimulation of cell proliferation and migration. Blocking activation of αVβ3 results in an inability of IGF-I to stimulate Shc phosphorylation. Under conditions of normoglycemia, there are insufficient αVβ3 ligands to recruit SHP-2, and no increase in Shc phosphorylation can be demonstrated in SMC. In contrast, if αVβ3 ligands are added to cells in normal glucose, the signaling events that are necessary for Shc phosphorylation can be reconstituted. Therefore when SMC are exposed to normal glucose they are protected from excessive stimulation of mitogenesis by IGF-I. With hyperglycemia there is a marked increased in αVβ3 ligands and Shc phosphorylation in response to IGF-I is sustained. These findings indicate that in SMC hyperglycemic stress may leads to altered IGF-I signaling, which allows the cells to undergo a mitogenic response, and which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.