cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smooth-muscle hamartoma of the tunica dartos of the scrotum : report of a case

Hamartomatous proliferations of genital smooth muscle are uncommon and may be easily overlooked if the normal microscopic appearance of the scrotal dartos is unfamiliar to the pathologist. We describe a hamartomatous proliferation of the scrotum in a 60-year-old patient in which incomplete knowledge of the regional histology caused initial problems in diagnosis. On histologic examination, the lesion consisted of an expansile, unencapsulated, relatively circumscribed proliferation of smooth muscle accompanied by muscular arterioles and prominent nerve branches embedded in a densely collagenized stroma. These features are dissimilar both clinically and histologically from all previous reported lesions at this site. We highlight the histologic differences between our case and genital leiomyomas, and the spectrum of hamartomatous smooth-muscle proliferations associated with a Becker nevus, and congenital and acquired smooth muscle hamartomas.
Do magnitudes of difference on status characteristics matter for small group inequalities

The theory of status characteristics and expectation states (SCT) explains how macro-level dimensions of stratification and specific abilities come to organize small group processes. The theory argues that people generate expectation states for each other based on relative standings on dimensions of stratification such that people with the more culturally valued states of the characteristics have higher expectations. Subsequently social influence, participation rates and evaluations of participation are purported to be directly related to expectation states. The result of this process is that large-scale inequalities are perpetuated in small group interactions, and individuals higher on abilities receive systematic advantages in small groups. SCT has received substantial experimental support for over 40years. However, the theory assumes that only states of relatively high and relatively low matter. That is, the theory and its applications assume that the magnitude of difference separating individuals on a dimension of stratification or ability is irrelevant. Recently, though, extensions to both the theory and its mathematics have been introduced that allow the magnitude of difference to be incorporated into the theory's predictions, supposedly yielding more precise predictions. This paper offers an experimental test of these procedures, showing that including the magnitude of difference into the theoretical predictions yields more precise estimates that explain more status-based inequalities.
Microstructural size effects on the dielectric response of inhomogeneous media

The microstructure of dielectric films is an inherent characteristic of the fabrication process, and imposes distinctive behavior on the electric field distributions in these inhomogeneous media. In this paper, we examine the size dependent problem for cubic defects for an Al2O3 dielectric material. Using the LOCALF method to analyze the electric field response, we have developed models for Al2O3 dielectric films of varying microstructure size and volume fraction, and compare these results with conventional effective medium methods. Besides the dielectric susceptibility and volume fraction dependencies, the physical size of the heterogeneities creates localized regions of high field intensity.
An attempt to assess eidetic imagery objectively

The incidence of persons possessing eidetic imagery was determined for normal adults, normal school children, familial retardates, and brain-injured retardates (total N = 270). Three methods of evaluation were used for all Ss: (1) the “standard” method, in which the S describes a complex scene after viewing it for 30 sec, (2) a task which requires superimposing the eidetic image of one stimulus upon a second stimulus, thus producing an unexpected third pattern; and (3) the Stromeyer and Psotka task of binocularly fusing two Julesz patterns, one of which is an eidetic image. The latter two methods were considered to be more objective than the first and less likely to incorrectly classify a person as an eidetiker. According to the first method, eidetikers were found only among the familial retardates (2 of 19 Ss); by the other two methods, none of the Ss possessed eidetic ability.
The safety of emergency care systems: Results of a survey of clinicians in 65 US emergency departments.

Study objective Well-functioning systems are critical to safe patient care, but little is known about the status of such systems in US health care facilities, including high-risk settings such as the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study is to assess the degree to which EDs are designed, managed, and supported in ways that ensure patient safety. Methods This was a validated, psychometrically tested survey of clinicians working in 65 US EDs that assessed clinician perceptions about the EDs' physical environment, staffing, equipment and supplies, nursing, teamwork, safety culture, triage and monitoring, information coordination and consultation, and inpatient coordination. Results Overall 3,562 eligible respondents completed the survey (response rate=66%). Survey respondents commonly reported problems in 4 systems critical to ED safety: physical environment, staffing, inpatient coordination, and information coordination and consultation. ED clinicians reported that there was insufficient space for the delivery of care most (25%) or some (37%) of the time. Respondents indicated that the number of patients exceeded ED capacity to provide safe care most (32%) or some of the time (50%). Only 41% of clinicians indicated that most of the time specialty consultation for critically ill patients arrived within 30 minutes of being contacted. Finally, half of respondents reported that ED patients requiring admission to the ICU were rarely transferred from the ED to the ICU within 1 hour. Conclusion Reports by ED clinicians suggest that substantial improvements in institutional design, management, and support for emergency care are necessary to maximize patient safety in US EDs.
The Nursing Home at Night: Effects of an Intervention on Noise, Light, and Sleep

OBJECTIVES: The sleep of nursing home residents is fragmented by frequent awakening episodes associated, at least in part, with environmental variables, including noise and light changes. The purpose of this study was to improve sleep by reducing the frequency of nighttime noise and light changes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Two hundred sixty-seven incontinent nursing home residents in eight nursing homes. DESIGN: A randomized control group design with a delayed intervention for the control group. MEASUREMENTS: Bedside noise and light monitors recorded the number of 2-minute intervals at night with peak sounds recorded above 50 dBs and the number of light changes of at least 10 lux between adjacent 2-minute intervals. Daytime behavioral observations measured sleep and in-bed time during the day, and wrist activity was used to estimate sleep at night. Awakening events associated with the environmental variables were derived from the wrist activity data. INTERVENTION: A behavioral intervention implemented between 7:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. that involved feedback to nursing home staff about noise levels and implementation by research staff of procedures to both abate noise (e.g., turn off unwatched television sets) and to individualize nighttime incontinence care routines to be less disruptive to sleep. RESULTS: Noise was reduced significantly, from an average of 83 intervals per night with peak noises recorded above 50 dBs to an average of 58 intervals per night in the group that received the initial intervention, whereas noise in the control group showed no change (MANOVA group X time P < .001). All 10-dB categories of noise from 50 to 90 + dBs were reduced, and light changes were reduced from an average of four per night per resident to two per night (P <. 001). Despite these significant changes in the environmental variables, there was a significant differential improvement in the intervention group on only two night sleep measures: awakening associated with a combination of noise plus light (P <. 001) and awakening associated with light (P <. 001). However, there was a significant correlation between change in noise and change in percent sleep from baseline to intervention (r = -.29, P <. 05), suggesting that the intervention did not reduce noise to low enough levels to produce a significant improvement in sleep. The intervention effects on all environmental variables were replicated in the delayed intervention group, who again showed significant improvement on the same sleep measures. Observations of day sleep and in-bed time did not change over the phases of the trial for either group. CONCLUSION: The significant reductions in noise and light events resulting from the intervention did not lead to significant improvements in the day sleep and most night sleep measures. An intervention that combines both behavioral and environmental strategies and that addresses daytime behavioral factors associated with poor sleep (e.g., excessive time in bed) would potentially be more effective in improving the night sleep and quality of life of nursing home residents.
Gender Issues in Dance History Pedagogy

Abstract Dance movement that emerges from women's experiences helps destroy assumptions and social constraints imposed on how we value our bodies and how we use them to create and communicate
Preliminary Evaluation of Conductive Adhesive Tapes as Potential Interleafing Connects for Flexible Thin-Film PV Applications

Two types of commercial electrically conductive adhesive (CA) tapes, one isotropic and the other anisotropic, were investigated for their potential application as interleafing connects for flexible thin-film photovoltaic modules. The performance stability of their vacuum-laminated sample constructs between two 50-μm stainless steel (SS) foils and between the SS foil and bilayer ZnO/Mo-coated SS foil was evaluated upon damp-heat and dry-heat exposure. Preliminary results indicated that the isotropic CA tape was more stable than the anisotropic tape.
A key distribution system equivalent to factoring

We propose a variation of the Diffie and Hellman key distribution scheme for which we can prove that decryption of a single key requires the ability to factor a number that is the product of two large primes. The practical advantage of such a scheme is that it will still be secure if the cryptanalyst knows a very fast algorithm for either factoring or computing discrete logarithms, but not for both. Using these keys in the ElGamal public-key cryptosystem provides a scheme for which the decryption of a message requires the ability to factor the modulus and break the original Diffie and Hellman scheme.
You can't always get what you want: conservation planning with feedback effects.

Without careful thought, policies to promote a goal can end up doing less good than intended and, in extreme cases, can do more harm than good. Actions lead to reactions, namely, changes in human behavior or in biological or physical processes. Such reactions often cause unintended consequences that can render policies inefficient and ineffective. Some unintended consequences are hard to anticipate and incorporate into planning. Others are almost entirely predictable, although recognition of unintended consequences may require a shift in perspective, either from new insights or from the combination of knowledge from separate disciplines. In this issue of PNAS, Armsworth et al. (1) combine economic analysis of land markets with conservation planning to show how the unintended consequences of buying land for conservation lead to negative feedbacks on conservation objectives. Buying land for conservation increases land prices. With the consequent changes in behavior of other land buyers and landowners, development may not be forestalled as much as shifted. In the extreme, these feedbacks may lead to the paradox of less conservation being accomplished with conservation land purchases than without. Unintended consequences frustrating good intentions are not uncommon in conservation and environmental policy. When logging was curtailed on public lands in the Pacific Northwest to conserve old growth habitat for the northern spotted owl, there was a consequent increase in logging on private forests in the region … *E-mail: polasky{at}umn.edu
Age and cortisol suppression by dexamethasone in normal subjects

Abstract A study of 60 healthy volunteers ranging from 19–88 yr of age found nonsuppression rare (5%) and confirmed that the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) of the reactivity of the hypophyseal-pituitary-adrenal axis to negative feedback inhibition requires 0800 h plasma dexamethasone (DEX) levels in excess of 220 ng/dl. All of the subjects with inadequate DEX levels ( N =3) were older than 50 yr of age as were the nonsuppressors ( N =3); two of the three nonsuppressors had inadequate DEX concentrations. Thus, DST may be more often invalid in elders than in younger adults because of inadequate plasma dexamethasone (DEX) concentration, indicating that plasma DEX levels should be assayed concomitantly with DST in elders.
Shopping for an auditor

Hiring an auditor has always been complicated. And in today's post-SOX world, it's even more difficult to find the right auditor at a reasonable price—while still ensuring compliance. But the authors of this article have some answers © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic phase diagram for crystal growth: A (1+1)-dimensional model

An outstanding goal in the study of crystal growth in the theoretical determination of optimal growth conditions for a specific surface morphology. We have developed a (1+1)-dimensional crystal-growth model which includes both a tunable substrate temperature and growth rate. A kinetic phase diagram, which reveals the dependence of the interface width dynamical exponent on temperature and growth rate, is constructed. The phase diagram contains two limiting phases described by different exponents. It is also demonstrated that the interface width can be minimized through a suitable choice of substrate temperature and deposition rate.
A New Paradigm for Design Studio Education.

There is a feeling among many design educators today that the discipline has reached a crisis in its development, and that change is needed immediately in the way that design educators articulate their epistemology and their methodology. The architectural studio can be seen as the model for design education, and its culture is exemplary. Donald Schon has often argued that the professional education of architectural students – and other design students – should be aimed at making them into ‘reflective practitioners’. At the core of his argument is the idea that design education must sacrifice intellectual rigour in order to achieve social relevance, yet critics have argued that this trade-off has caused design education to be marginalised in relation to the university model of education. Design is focused on subjective creativity, but the positivist university paradigm is focused on objective rationality. In order for design education to become more rigorous – and more academically respectable – it must either become more rational or it must embrace a new paradigm that values creative experience. This article argues that the emerging paradigm of complexity offers design education the rigour it has been lacking, for this paradigm constructs studio projects not as problems with rational solutions but as systems that need to be explored in order to discover their relational meanings and values – precisely what creativity, balanced with rationality, can accomplish in both Western nations and rapidly developing East Asian nations such as China.
Numerical investigation of the physics of rotating-detonation-engines

Abstract Rotating-detonation-engines (RDE’s) represent an alternative to the extensively studied pulse-detonation-engines (PDE’s) for obtaining propulsion from the high efficiency detonation cycle. Since it has received considerably less attention, the general flow-field and effect of parameters such as stagnation conditions and back pressure on performance are less well understood than for PDE’s. In this article we describe results from time-accurate calculations of RDE’s using algorithms that have successfully been used for PDE simulations previously. Results are obtained for stoichiometric hydrogen–air RDE’s operating at a range of stagnation pressures and back pressures. Conditions within the chamber are described as well as inlet and outlet conditions and integrated quantities such as total mass flow, force, and specific impulse. Further computations examine the role of inlet stagnation pressure and back pressure on detonation characteristics and engine performance. The pressure ratio is varied between 2.5 and 20 by varying both stagnation and back pressure to isolate controlling factors for the detonation and performance characteristics. It is found that the detonation wave height and mass flow rate are determined primarily by the stagnation pressure, whereas overall performance is closely tied to pressure ratio. Specific impulses are calculated for all cases and range from 2872 to 5511 s, and are lowest for pressure ratios below 4. The reason for performance loss is shown to be associated with the secondary shock wave structure that sets up in the expansion portion of the RDE, which strongly effects the flow at low pressure ratios. Expansion to supersonic flow behind the detonation front in RDE’s with higher pressure ratios isolate the detonation section of the RDE and thus limit the effect of back pressure on the detonation characteristics.
Trade-off between strength and ductility of random discontinuous fiber reinforced cementitious composites

Abstract It is well known that fiber reinforcement is an effective way of improving toughness of brittle materials. However, it is less clear how fiber reinforcement (particularly for random discontinuous fibers) can contribute to strength and ductility enhancement of the composites. In this paper, we address this issue from a micromechanics point of view. The conditions for multiple cracking, which is the mechanism of pseudo ductility, are briefly reviewed in terms of micromechanical parameters such as fiber aspect ratio, matrix toughness, and interfacial bond strength. Special attention is given to examining competing effect of these microparameters on composite strength and ductility. Experimental results of direct tensile tests of several random discontinuous fiber-reinforced high strength concretes and OPC paste are presented and discussed in light of recent advancements in pseudo strain-hardening theory.
Observations of Cygnus X-3 at 2.8 cm with a 17 arc s Beam

CYGNUS X-3 was observed at 2.8 cm (10,690 MHz) on each of four days during its early September 1972 outburst using the new five-element minimum redundancy array at Stanford University1. The instrument employs equatorially-mounted 18.3 m diameter paraboloids arranged along an east-west line in such a way that their spacings include all of the first nine multiples of 19.1 m. All ten antenna pairs are operated simultaneously as multiplying interferometers, allowing immediate one-dimensional synthesis (two-dimensional rotation synthesis is also possible). At 2.8 cm the largest spacing is 7,336 wavelengths (corresponding to 17 arc s width to half-peak). At present each element contains a tunnel diode preamplifier, giving a system noise temperature of 1,000 K; the IF bandwidth is 60 MHz. Linearly polarized feeds with the electric field vector in the north-south plane were used for these observations.
Chicken-Wire Buckyballs

A method for building models of C60 and C70 fullerenes from chicken wire is described. The flat, uncut chicken wire is representative of a sheet of graphite; therefore, the same medium may be used to compare these two allotropes of carbon.
Optimum Rations for Group Feeding

Abstract Feeding lactating cows which are housed and handled in groups is a special problem because the manager neither controls nor is able to determine feed consumption by individual cows. To achieve maximum income above feed cost the rations should be consumed in large quantities, contain a high concentration of utilizable nutrients, contain sufficient fiber to avoid depressed milk fat percentage, and contain feed ingredients formulated on least cost. The advantages and limitations of feeding a single mix or feeding multiple mixes of feeds are discussed. Specifications for rations and sample ingredient mixes for various stages of lactation and yields of daily milk are presented. Rations designed for group feeding of cows with marginal appetites in early lactation should be based on dry matter consumption of 3.0 to 3.2% of body weight. Exceptionally high daily producers (>35 kg of milk daily) will perform well when fed rations containing 1.91 Meal of net energy per kg of dry matter (approximately 56% concentrates and 44% forage) by consuming greater than average quantities of feed. Blending the ingredients will reduce the individual cow variation in feed consumption and result in better balance of nutrients among individual cows than feeding the same ingredients separately.
Using machine learning to improve automatic vectorization

Automatic vectorization is critical to enhancing performance of compute-intensive programs on modern processors. However, there is much room for improvement over the auto-vectorization capabilities of current production compilers through careful vector-code synthesis that utilizes a variety of loop transformations (e.g., unroll-and-jam, interchange, etc.).As the set of transformations considered is increased, the selection of the most effective combination of transformations becomes a significant challenge: Currently used cost models in vectorizing compilers are often unable to identify the best choices. In this paper, we address this problem using machine learning models to predict the performance of SIMD codes. In contrast to existing approaches that have used high-level features of the program, we develop machine learning models based on features extracted from the generated assembly code. The models are trained offline on a number of benchmarks and used at compile-time to discriminate between numerous possible vectorized variants generated from the input code.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the machine learning model by using it to guide automatic vectorization on a variety of tensor contraction kernels, with improvements ranging from 2× to 8× over Intel ICC's auto-vectorized code. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the model on a number of stencil computations and show good improvement over auto-vectorized code.
The Test of Spoken English as a measure of communicative ability in English-medium instructional settings

The two major purposes of this study were (1) to conduct a concurrent validation analysis of the recently developed Test of Spoken English (TSE), using as an external criterion the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) direct proficiency interviewing procedure; and (2) to obtain use-related validation data for the TSE as a predictor of the “communicative effectiveness” in English of non-native English speaking teaching assistants assigned to course lecturing or other instructional roles in U.S. colleges and universities. For the concurrent validation analysis, the TSE and FSI tests were administered to 134 foreign teaching assistants at nine participating institutions. High interrater correlations were obtained for both TSE and FSI global scores and for the available diagnostic (pronunciation, fluency, etc.) subscores on each instrument. The TSE subscores were somewhat more reliable than those of the FSI, and exhibited a greater degree of discriminant validity. In the use-validation phase of the study, FSI and TSE scores of 60 non-native English speaking teaching assistants'were entered as predictor variables in multiple regression analyses using as criterion variables student ratings of the instructor on a number of dimensions of the instructor's spoken language use in the classroom and other instructional contexts. Both TSE and FSI scores were very effective predictors of student ratings of the instructor's speaking proficiency, with standardized beta weights of up to .63 for the TSE and .80 for the FSI. Somewhat lower but properly directed weightings were found for the prediction of more global aspects of teaching performance (e.g., overall “effectiveness” of the instructor), as measured by student responses to relevant questions and question groupings on the Student Instructional Report, a standardized instructor/course rating instrument. Study results are considered to support the appropriateness of both the TSE and FSI testing procedures as predictors of the probable communicative facility in spoken English of non-native teaching assistants in the classroom and other typical instructional settings.
Educational leaders as caring teachers

Good leadership varies with the sort of enterprise to be led. We would not put the CEO of a large clothing manufacturer, inexperienced in warfare, in charge of a military expedition. Now and then highly successful people from one field are recruited to lead an entirely different enterprise, but their duties are usually limited, and often they are mere figureheads. At the level where field-related decisions must be made we need leaders who know the field. Leadership in education requires both breadth and depth of knowledge about education. At the very least, an educational leader should have a defensible position on the aims of education, on a theory of motivation and on what constitutes ethical practice.
Report on the catalytic activity of 6-heteropolymolybdates as potential Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Abstract Unsupported and supported decomposition products of 6-heteropolymolybdates were tested as possible Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. Depending on the heteroatom, the activity changes significantly and the best supported catalysts have higher activity (based on total metal loading) than previously investigated MoO 2 and Mo 2 C catalysts.
Mutualism Between Dendrolaelaps neodisetus and Dendroctonus frontalis

The relationship between the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and one of its common phoretic mites, Dendrolaelaps neodisetus (Hurlbutt) is probably mutualistic. Beetles harboring D. neodisetus have less endoparasitism by the nematode, Contortylenchus brevicomi (Massey) Ruhm.
Half-life measurements and transition probabilities in 172Yb

Abstract The half-lives of the 78.7 keV, 1172 keV and the 1263 keV states of 172 Yb populated in the decay of 172 Lu(6.7 d) were measured by the delayed coincidence method to be 1.58±0.06 nsec, 8.14±0.220 nsec and 0.49±0.03 nsec, respectively. The energy selection was improved by using either a magnetic spectrometer or a triple coincidence arrangement. Transition rates were calculated using experimental gamma-ray intensities and theoretical internal conversion coefficients. The electric quadrupole moment for the rotational band at 1172 keV was found from the 91 keV transition probability to be Q 0 = 7.5±0.5 b. The transition probabilities for K -forbidden transitions from the K = 3 band based at 1172 keV to the ground state band are discussed in terms of the Bohr-Mottelson and Mikhailov predictions.
Intrinsic images in the wild

Intrinsic image decomposition separates an image into a reflectance layer and a shading layer. Automatic intrinsic image decomposition remains a significant challenge, particularly for real-world scenes. Advances on this longstanding problem have been spurred by public datasets of ground truth data, such as the MIT Intrinsic Images dataset. However, the difficulty of acquiring ground truth data has meant that such datasets cover a small range of materials and objects. In contrast, real-world scenes contain a rich range of shapes and materials, lit by complex illumination. In this paper we introduce Intrinsic Images in the Wild, a large-scale, public dataset for evaluating intrinsic image decompositions of indoor scenes. We create this benchmark through millions of crowdsourced annotations of relative comparisons of material properties at pairs of points in each scene. Crowdsourcing enables a scalable approach to acquiring a large database, and uses the ability of humans to judge material comparisons, despite variations in illumination. Given our database, we develop a dense CRF-based intrinsic image algorithm for images in the wild that outperforms a range of state-of-the-art intrinsic image algorithms. Intrinsic image decomposition remains a challenging problem; we release our code and database publicly to support future research on this problem, available online at http://intrinsic.cs.cornell.edu/.
Distributed estimation with constant modulus signals over multiple access channels

A distributed estimation scheme where the sensors transmit with constant modulus signals over a multiple access channel is considered. The proposed estimator is shown to be strongly consistent for any sensing noise distribution in the i.i.d. case. When the distributions of the sensing noise are not identical, the existence of a bound on the variances is shown to establish strong consistency. The estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal with an asymptotic variance (AsV) that depends on the characteristic function of the sensing noise. Optimization of the AsV is considered with respect to a transmission phase parameter, and simulations are shown to corroborate our analytical results.
Music to Remember Me By: Technologies of Memory in Home Recording

This article presents ethnographic data on home music recording to advance the concept of technologies of memory as way for interactionists to understand memory work as a practice of self. John Dewey's classic ruminations on memory as process are combined with Tia DeNora's contemporary articulation of music as a technology of the self to explain data on home recording as individually and socially meaningful mnemonic work. This specific case study demonstrates how home recordists use material technologies (technics) and technological practices (techniques) to form and reform the self in everyday life. More generally, this article demonstrates the efficacy of interpretive studies of memory, creativity, technology, and the self in everyday life.
N-myc oncogene expression in neuroblastoma is driven by Sp1 and Sp3.

Abstract Regulation of N-myc oncogene expression is an important determinant of the biological behavior of neuroblastoma. The N-myc promoter contains several potential binding sites for transcription factors of the Sp1 family. Mutation of a CT-box motif contained within a 26bp region required for N-myc downregulation by retinoic acid decreased basal transcriptional activity and altered DNA–protein interactions of the promoter, while mutations flanking this motif did neither. On super-shift, this region was shown to recruit Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factor proteins, while a functionally significant CT-box mutation resulted in their replacement by NF-1 transcription factor. Lysates from Drosophila S2 cells expressing exogenous Sp1, Sp3, and NF-1 proteins were able to partially mimic gel shift complexes seen with neuroblastoma nuclear extract and either wild type or mutant probes. Transient transfections of S2 cells showed that both individually and together, Sp1 and Sp3 were able to trans-activate a wild type CT-box-driven luciferase reporter construct in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of the wild type but not mutant CT-box oligonucleotide was able to decrease endogenous N-myc expression in neuroblastoma cells. Together these results suggest that the CT-box element serves a critically functional role, and in the basal state, allows for N-myc trans-activation by Sp1 and Sp3. Moreover when mutated, the CT-box may still function as a binding motif for alternate transcription factors such as NF-1 that can allow persistent N-myc expression.
CMHC Directors' preferences for training of bachelor's level psychologists

A questionnaire devised to measure preferences for training of bachelor's level psychologists was mailed to 302 community mental health center (CHMC) directors in the southeastern United States; 117 or 39% completed and returned questionnaires. Based on the preferences of CMHC directors, bachelor's level candidates for employment in CMHCs should manifest the following: (1) a good foundation in generic "core" psychology theory; (2) training in fundamental intervention skills in the area of group, family, and individual counseling/psychotherapy and consultation; plus crisis intervention and intake interviewing; (3) specialized training/experiences in working with such high priority groups as disadvantaged blacks, the physically disabled, and alcohol/drug abusers; (4) knowledge of community resources and skill in publicizing/public relations; and (5) personal characteristics that include personal warmth, a neat personal appearance, and good oral and written communication skills.
Historical Sociology and Time

Historical sociologists have criticized their discipline for a tendency to ignore the temporal dimensions of social life, either by studying the correlates of outcomes rather than the character of temporally connected events or by treating events as surface manifestations of large-scale and long-term processes of change. These critiques have led to a reassessment of the value of narratives and to new methods for mapping historical sequences of events. Yet there has been relatively little discussion of the concepts needed to create a more event-centered historical sociology. This article explores the way in which four different concepts of time-duration, pace, trajectory, and cycle-have been used in recent historical social science. These concepts allow one to analyze the temporal characteristics of connected events that constitute long-term historical processes as well as the way in which actors understand and experience the temporal flow of events. They are most useful, the author argues when employed in...
2-Methyl-4-methoxy-1,2,3-oxadiazetidine. A correction.

Im Gegensatz zu fruheren Angaben fuhrt die Reaktion zwischen Aminen (II), Aldehyden (III) und Alkoholen (IV) mit Nitrit nicht zu den Oxadiazetidinen (I), sondern zu Nitrosaminen (V).
The mixing and axial transport of smoke in oscillatory tube flows

To gain a better insight on the mechanisms of transport in high-frequency ventilation, we examined the transport of smoke in a straight tube, a model of the trachea. A smoke bolus was injected into a ventilator, and the movement of the smoke along the tube was monitored by a laser-photomultiplier system. With this system we studied the instantaneous movement of the smoke cycle by cycle and that over a longer period. From the latter, a transport coefficient can be calculated to characterize how fast the smoke is transported along the tube. We found that for low frequency, the flow is laminar with a transport coefficient smaller or approximately 700 cm2/s. For very high frequencies, the oscillatory flow becomes turbulent and effects a strong radial and axial mixing. The transport coefficient increases to as high as 5,000 cm2/s. Over a certain intermediate range of the frequency, the mixing can be a laminar one over several cycles of oscillation and a turbulent one for some subsequent cycles.
Use of neurodevelopmental delay in pediatric solid organ transplant listing decisions: Inconsistencies in standards across major pediatric transplant centers

Children with NDD present for organ transplant evaluation, but the role of NDD as a listing criterion itself is poorly described. Therefore, we sought to investigate how major pediatric solid organ transplant programs use NDD as a criterion in their listing decisions. We developed a survey that was sent via post to active pediatric solid organ transplant programs across the United States investigating transplant listing decision-making for neurodevelopmentally delayed children. Respondents were medical/surgical directors and transplant coordinators. Descriptive statistics summarize the findings. Programs inconsistently use NDD in listing decisions. Thirty-nine percent of programs stated that they "rarely" or "never" consider NDD in their decisions, whereas 43% of programs "always" or "usually" do. Sixty-two percent of programs report that informal processes guide their use of NDD, and no programs describe their process as "formal, explicit, and uniform." The degree of delay is an additional source of discordance among programs, with 14% of programs reporting mild or moderate NDD as a relative contraindication to listing and 22% reporting that NDD was "irrelevant" to the listing decision. The use of NDD in pediatric solid organ transplant listing decisions is varied and inconsistent across active programs.
Roles of the Disintegrin Domains of Mouse Fertilins α and β in Fertilization

Fertilin is a heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits, both of which are members of the ADAM (A Disintegrin and A Metalloprotease domain)/MDC (Metalloprotease-Disintegrin-Cysteine-rich) family of proteins. We have previously demonstrated that recombinant forms of the putative extracellular domains of mouse fertilin alpha and fertilin beta bind to mouse eggs and inhibit sperm-egg membrane binding. In this study, we examined the roles of the disintegrin domains of fertilins alpha and beta by producing recombinant forms of fertilins alpha and beta that included the disintegrin domains (alphaDCE and betaDCE) or that were truncated so that they lack the disintegrin domains (alphaCE and betaCE) and tested the abilities of these proteins to bind to eggs and to inhibit sperm-egg binding. Fertilin betaDCE was able to inhibit sperm-egg binding, but fertilin betaCE was relatively ineffective, indicating that the disintegrin domain of fertilin beta is required for interactions with egg binding sites and/or for proper protein folding. Fertilins alphaDCE and alphaCE both inhibited sperm-egg interactions, but fertilin alphaDCE tended to be more effective. Thus, the presence of the disintegrin domain in fertilin alphaDCE apparently enhanced the ability of this recombinant protein to inhibit sperm-egg binding, either by interacting with egg binding sites or by improving the efficiency of protein folding. These data also indicate that the other domains of the fertilin alpha extracellular region (cysteine-rich and/or epidermal growth factor-like repeat) have the ability to block sperm binding and suggest that these domains of fertilin alpha may participate in sperm-egg adhesion.
A preliminary report on the woman otolaryngologist

Less than 1 per cent of practicing otolaryngologists are women. Seventy-five per cent are in private practice. Of the 25 per cent in academic otolaryngology, all except for two younger women have reached full or associate professor levels and two were retired departmental chairmen. In the next two years the number of practicing women otolaryngologists will double because of an increase in women in residency training.
Social Control of the Brain

In the course of evolution, social behavior has been a strikingly potent selective force in shaping brains to control action. Physiological, cellular, and molecular processes reflect this evolutionary force, particularly in the regulation of reproductive behavior and its neural circuitry. Typically, experimental analysis is directed at how the brain controls behavior, but the brain is also changed by behavior over evolution, during development, and through its ongoing function. Understanding how the brain is influenced by behavior offers unusual experimental challenges. General principles governing the social regulation of the brain are most evident in the control of reproductive behavior. This is most likely because reproduction is arguably the most important event in an animal's life and has been a powerful and essential selective force over evolution. Here I describe the mechanisms through which behavior changes the brain in the service of reproduction using a teleost fish model system.
ENDOCRINE DEFECTS IN MICE CARRYING A NULL MUTATION FOR THE PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR GENE

Mice carrying a null mutation of the progesterone receptor gene exhibit several reproductive abnormalities, including anovulation, attenuated lordotic behavior, uterine hyperplasia, and lack of mammary gland development. The hormonal correlates of these abnormalities are unknown, however, and were the focus of these studies. Serum samples from female wild-type (WT) and progesterone receptor knockout (PRKO) mice were obtained and analyzed by RIA for LH, FSH, PRL, estrogen (E2), and progesterone. Hypothalamic tissues were also processed for measurement of LHRH by RIA. Serum LH levels in PRKO mice were found to be elevated by approximately 2-fold over basal (metestrus) values in WT mice. By contrast, basal FSH levels were not different in PRKO and WT mice. Basal levels of E2 and progesterone in serum were likewise similar in the two groups, as were hypothalamic LHRH concentrations. Basal PRL levels were slightly higher in PRKO vs. WT mice. Ovariectomy of both groups of mice was accompanied by significant increases in both LH and FSH. At 5 days following ovariectomy, LH levels were elevated in both groups by 2-fold over PRKO basal and 4-fold over WT basal levels; however, by 10 days postovariectomy LH levels had continued to rise to a greater extent in PRKO mice than in WT animals. The FSH response to ovariectomy was greater for the PRKO mice at 5 days, but was no different from WT at 10 days. Of seven PRKO mice that were exposed to male odor, none exhibited preovulatory surges 3 days later, on the day of presumptive proestrus; this was in marked contrast with WT females, in which 100% exhibited robust LH surges. These results confirm the essential role of progesterone receptors in the regulation of hypothalamic and/or pituitary processes that govern gonadotropin secretion. The finding that basal LH levels are elevated in PRKO mice confirms that circulating progesterone normally conveys a significant portion of the total ovarian negative feedback control of the gonadotropin. That gonadotropin responses to ovariectomy are slightly enhanced in PRKO mice suggests that adrenal progesterone may contribute to the imposition of negative feedback control. The apparent inability of PRKO mice to respond to male odor suggests that anovulation in these mice may not be solely due to reproductive abnormalities within the ovary itself; rather, PRKO mice additionally harbor neuroendocrine defects that render them incapable of mounting normal preovulatory gonadotropin surges. It remains to be determined how the absence of PR in brain and pituitary of PRKO mice may produce this hormonal acyclicity and, conversely, how the presence of PR in brain and pituitary of WT mice may be obligatory in the generation of gonadotropin surges.
Strengthening Community Schools Through University Partnerships

Given the mounting call for academic achievement gains in America's public schools—particularly urban schools labeled “failing”—the need for community engagement to tackle a host of underlying social challenges warrants the resources of the nation's colleges and universities (Harkavy & Hartley, 2009). Because colleges and universities are often underutilized anchors of resources in communities, coordinated alignment of K-12 and higher education goals can create a seamless pipeline of educational attainment for communities challenged to produce high academic achievement. Higher education's engagement with community schools further helps to address the whole child and their families in K-12 education by expanding the opportunities for the students and community to access necessary support services. Drawing upon experiences of Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and collaboration with its adjacent neighborhoods, this article illustrates the transformative and relevant impact of universi...
Profit Margin Hedging

Some extension economists and others recommend profit margin hedging as a way to choose the timing of crop sales. However, the theory behind this strategy recommendation is not well developed. This article determines the producer's utility function and price processes where profit margin hedging is optimal. Profit margin hedging is shown to be an optimal strategy under a highly restricted target utility function even in an efficient market. Profit margin hedging is profitable if prices are mean reverting. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Partisanship, the Electoral Connection, and Lame-Duck Sessions of Congress, 1877–2006

We disentangle constituent and partisan influences in Congress by taking advantage of a largely unexamined institutional setting—lame-duck sessions. Lame-duck sessions of Congress are comprised of exiting members, who are freed from both constituency and party constraints, and returning members, who face a significantly reduced constituency constraint but a still strong party constraint. Comparing exiting and returning House members thus provides meaningful leverage in assessing the constraining influence of party. In the regularly occurring lame-duck sessions between 1877 and 1933, exiting House members exhibited greater movement away from the median party position than did returning members, consistent with expectations regarding party influence. In addition, party leaders’ ability to apply pressure was significantly reduced in lame-duck sessions due to the presence of a large group of exiting members. Finally, majority-party leaders were able to exercise negative agenda control in lame-duck sessions wh...
Purification and characterization of OF-1, a host factor implicated in herpes simplex replication.

Abstract A human cellular factor (OF-1) has been previously implicated in replication of herpes simplex virus, type 1. This protein binds to three conserved regions (Boxes I, II, and III) in the viral replication origin and appears to be required for viral DNA synthesis (Dabrowski, C. C., Carmillo, P. J., and Schaffer, P. A. (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 2545–2555). In the present study, we have partially purified and characterized OF-1 from human cells. This protein appears to consist of a tetramer composed of two heterodimers with subunits of 73 and 90 kDa. The smaller subunit contains the DNA binding activity. We have investigated the binding specificity of OF-1 using a mobility shift analysis. These studies reveal that binding is specific for both duplex and single-stranded Box I sequences and that the strongest preference is for the bottom strand of Box I. We present evidence suggesting that the binding of OF-1 to Box I DNA is enhanced in the presence of the herpes simplex-encoded UL9 protein, which also binds to Box I in oriS and is required for viral replication. Implications of these findings for the initiation step in viral replication are discussed.
Particle size does not affect the rate of intracellular routing for ligands internalized by non–adsorptive pinocytosis

The rate at which three different species of a fluid phase marker (horseradish peroxidase) reached the lysosomal compartment of mouse LM fibroblasts was compared. Initial observations suggested that the rate was a function of particle size. Adjustment of the concentrations of the various species of HRP to equal numbers of physical particles negated the apparent affect. Thus, particle size does not affect the intracellular routing of a ligand entering fibroblasts by non-adsorptive pinocytosis.