cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Getting Less than Expected in Copyright Transfers

This comment explores Davis v. Blige, 505 F.3d 90 (2d Cir. 2007), and Sybersound Records, Inc. v. UAV Corp., 517 F.3d 1137 (9th Cir. 2008), cases that address the rights of transferees from copyright cotenants, but from opposite perspectives. Blige does not permit defendant to evade liability by a retrospective transfer, but it casts no doubt on the capacity of transferees, exclusive or not, to sue on the same basis as original owners. Sybersound, however, refuses suit by a transferee without denying that right to the original owner andcontrasts starkly. That transferees do not stand in the shoes of their transferors for purposes of enforcement is a radical proposition that should be rejected.
CFL Teacher Preparation and Development

While the growing demand for Chinese language instruction in U.S. schools is commonly reported in the national media, less media attention is focused on the complexities inherent in developing a highly skilled and well qualified teacher force capable of meeting this demand. This chapter examines the challenges facing Chinese teacher education as Chinese expands from its traditional place as a post-secondary subject of study to the largely uncharted waters of traditional, immersion, and bilingual environments in K-12 settings. The chapter also discusses the current context of American education where Chinese language learning is situated, a context where demands for educational reform have resulted in efforts to reach consensus on what U.S. children need to learn in order to ensure their success as twenty-first century citizens. How these reforms have been fashioned into frameworks developed to guide both language instruction and language teacher development are highlighted, as well as the most vexing challenges that must be overcome if Chinese language education is to become sustainable and successful.
Getting to Scale: Evidence, Professionalism, and Community

ABSTRACTEvidence-based reform, in which proven programs are scaled up to reach many students, is playing an increasing role in American education. This article summarizes articles in this issue to explain how Reading Recovery has managed to sustain itself and go to scale over more than 30 years. It argues that Reading Recovery has succeeded due to a focus on evidence, professionalism, and community. Implications of the experience of Reading Recovery for policy and practice are discussed.
Quantitative Electroencephalographic Analysis Provides an Early-Stage Indicator of Disease Onset and Progression in the zQ175 Knock-In Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease

STUDY OBJECTIVES Patients with Huntington's disease (HD) show a high prevalence of sleep disorders that typically occur prior to the onset of motoric symptoms and neurodegeneration. Our understanding of the pathophysiological alterations in premanifest HD is limited, hindering the ability to measure disease modification in response to treatment. We used a full-length knock-in HD model to determine early changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and sleep that may predict the onset and progression of the disease. METHODS A 10-month longitudinal study was designed to determine the effect of the HD mutation on the EEG and sleep/wake changes in heterozygous (HET) and homozygous (HOM) zQ175 mice and wild-type (WT) littermates from 8 to 48 w of age. Mice were instrumented with tethered headmounts to record EEG/electromyography signals. Telemeters were implanted to continuously measure locomotor activity (LMA) and body temperature (Tb). Sleep deprivation (SDep) was performed at 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, and 48 w of age. RESULTS The HD mutation disrupted the EEG field potential from 8-12 w in an age- and mutant huntington dose-dependent manner, prior to changes in sleep/wake states, LMA, and Tb. Prominent effects of the HD mutation on the EEG included a progressive reduction in low frequency power, a slowing of rapid eye movement peak theta frequency, and the emergence of state-dependent beta/gamma oscillations. There was no effect of genotype on the relative increase in nonrapid eye movement delta power or sleep time in response to SDep. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the Huntington's disease (HD) mutation results in complex EEG alterations that occur prior to deficits in behavioral measures and are one of the earliest phenotypes uncovered in this mouse model. Despite these EEG changes, homeostatic responses to sleep loss were preserved in HET and HOM zQ175 mice. Greater insight into the localization and response of these EEG alterations to novel therapies may enable early intervention and improve outcomes for patients with HD.
The Effect of Nitrone Spin Trapping Agents on Red Cell Glucose Metabolism

The nitrone spin trapping agents, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and N-t-butyl-α-phenyl-nitrone, affect the metabolism of glucose by red cells.Both nitrone spin trapping agents have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the metabolism of glucose via the hexose monophosphate pathway. The formation of lactate and pyruvate via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway in red cells is not significantly affected by treatment with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, whereas, treatment with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone supresses pyruvate and stimulates lactate formation.These results suggest that nitrone spin trapping agents inhibit the hexose monophosphate pathway in red cells. Since the stimulation of the flux of glucose oxidised via this pathway is thought to be important in the ability of red cells to respond to oxidative stress, the treatment of red cells with spin trapping agents appears to inhibit the cellular protective (antioxidant) response.The use of nitrone spin trapping agents in the study of red cells under oxidat...
THE EFFECTS OF TERNARY ELEMENTAL ADDITIONS ON THE STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE FeCo POWDERS

Powders of near-equiatomic Fe and Co were mechanically milled with additions of Zr, C, Ni, Cu and/or B for 60 hr using stainless steel balls in a Svegari attritor operated at 1300 r.p.m. under argon. The milled powders were examined before and after annealing at 600 o C. The morphologies and sizes of the powders were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The grain sizes were characterized from the widths of X-ray diffraction peaks obtained using a computer-controlled x-ray diffractometer and the lattice parameters were determined. The resulting magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer.
The use of anesthetics during the Civil War, 1861-1865.

Usage et procedures d'usage des anesthesiques dans la medecine militaire aux Etats-Unis durant la guerre civile.
Effects of Serotonin on Caudal Raphe Neurons: Activation of an Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Conductance

Bayliss, Douglas A., Yu-Wen Li, and Edmund M. Talley. Effects of serotonin on caudal raphe neurons: activation of an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1349–1361, 1997....
EXCITONS IN CONFINED GEOMETRIES: SIZE SCALING OF THE NONLINEAR OPTICAL RESPONSE

There is currently great interest in the optical properties of geometrically confined excitonic systems [1]. Dramatic effects of reduced dimensionality including absorption spectral shifts, and excited state superradiative decay have been observed in semiconductor quantum wells and dots as well as organic molecular aggregates. The confinement dependent nonlinear optical susceptibility, which is enhanced in quantum wells and dots, offers new possibilities in the design of efficient nanostracture optical devices for optical switching and modulation. Here, we present recent theoretical results concerning the size-dependent nonlinear optical susceptibility of confined Frenkel excitons [2]. The nonbosonic nature of interacting Frenkel excitons is treated exactly, allowing us to directly assess the validity of the popular local field approximation in describing the nonlinear optical response.
The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation.

Background Nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke, presumably from atrial thromboemboli. There is uncertainty about the efficacy and risks of long-term warfarin therapy to prevent stroke. Methods We conducted an unblinded, randomized, controlled trial of long-term, low-dose warfarin therapy (target prothrombin-time ratio, 1.2 to 1.5) in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The control group was not given warfarin but could choose to take aspirin. Results A total of 420 patients entered the trial (212 in the warfarin group and 208 in the control group) and were followed for an average of 2.2 years. Prothrombin times in the warfarin group were in the target range 83 percent of the time. Only 10 percent of the patients assigned to receive warfarin discontinued the drug permanently. There were 2 strokes in the warfarin group (incidence, 0.41 percent per year) as compared with 13 strokes in the control group (incidence, 2.98 percent per year), for a reduction of 86 percent in the risk of stroke (warfarin:control incidence ratio = 0.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.49; P = 0.0022). There were 37 deaths altogether. The death rate was markedly lower in the warfarin group than in the control group: 2.25 percent as compared with 5.97 percent per year, for an incidence ratio of 0.38 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.17 to 0.82; P = 0.005). There was one fatal hemorrhage in each group. The frequency of bleeding events that led to hospitalization or transfusion was essentially the same in both groups. The warfarin group had a higher rate of minor hemorrhage than the control group (38 vs. 21 patients). Conclusions Long-term low-dose warfarin therapy is highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation, and can be quite safe with careful monitoring.
Angela’s Voice: Cherish the Support, Nurture the Relationships

Four women have shaped my career as a member of the instructional technology professoriate: Joi Moore (Professor and Associate Division Director, University of Missouri), Lynne Schrum (Professor and Dean, Nova Southeastern University), Julie Tallman (Professor Emeritus, University of Georgia) and Verna Willis (Associate Professor Emeritus, Georgia State University). As I reflect on these relationships, I am very appreciative of the support and guidance these women gave to me. Yet, I feel a deep sense of regret that I did not do more to nurture each of the relationships.
A Spectrum Allocation Algorithm Based on Optimization and Protection in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio network (CRN) is proposed to solve the problem of the scarce radio spectrum resources. In CRN, primary users (PUs) are allowed to lease out their unused spectrum sharing with cognitive users (CUs). In this paper, we propose a spectrum allocation algorithm based on CUs-demand and PUs-protection in CRN. Our objection is to make the allocated spectrum satisfy CUs demands as much as possible, avoiding the CUs interfering the PUs in the process of spectrum allocation. Simulation results indicate that this algorithm can improve the total spectrum reward, the satisfaction rate of CUs and the protection rate.
Development of a digital excitation control system

Since 1985, NEI Parsons have been supplying digital governor control systems for the safe and reliable operation of new and refurbished turbogenerator plant. The techniques evolved for the digital governor, and subsequently proven in service, have been further developed into a unified range of microprocessor based control systems for flexible high-integrity control. The turbine is controlled by the electro-hydraulic governor, the generator is controlled by the automatic voltage regulator and both benefit by a sequence and monitoring system which provides automatic run-up and loading, on-load valve testing and thermal stress monitoring. The authors describe the important features of the digital automatic voltage regulator (AVR) control system. Triplex modular redundant (TMR) architecture is used in conjunction with majority voting of the outputs of three control channels to provide a high level of redundancy. Computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools were used with in-house software quality assurance procedures to develop the software.
Kairo und Umgebung

Die moderne Megacity Kairo hatte keinen pharaonischen Vorlaufer, sondern entwickelte sich aus mehreren arabisch-osmanischen Siedlungskernen. Als Haupt- und Residenzstadt des ‘vizekoniglichen’ Agypten entfaltete sie im 19. Jahrhundert eine vielbeschriebene orientalische Pracht mit europaischen Einsprengseln. Der Rundgang zeitgenossischer Besucher schlos neben den Bazaren unfehlbar auch einen Besuch der Pyramiden von Gizeh auf dem gegenuberliegenden Flusufer ein – mit damals wie heute nicht immer pfleglichem Umgang mit dem pharonischen Erbe.
Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Mortality in a Large Multiethnic Postmenopausal Cohort-Results from the Women's Health Initiative.

Objectives To determine whether the relationship between anthropometric measurements of obesity and mortality varies according to age, race, and ethnicity in older women. Design Prospective cohort study of multiethnic postmenopausal women. Setting Women's Health Initiative (WHI) observational study and clinical trials in 40 clinics. Participants Postmenopausal women aged 50–79 participating in WHI (N = 161,808). Measurements Baseline height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on height and weight. Demographic, health, and lifestyle data from a baseline questionnaire were used as covariates. The outcome was adjudicated death (n = 18,320) during a mean follow-up of 11.4 ± 3.2 years. Results Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) indicated that ethnicity and age modified (P < .01) the relationship between obesity and mortality. Underweight was associated with higher mortality, but overweight or slight obesity was not a risk factor for mortality in most ethnic groups except for Hispanic women in the obesity I category (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04–1.95). BMI was not or was only weakly associated with mortality in individuals aged 70–79 (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85–0.95 for overweight; HR = 0.98, 95 CI = 0.92–1.06 for obese I; HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.00–1.23 for obese II; HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.92–1.26 for obese III). In contrast, higher central obesity measured using WC was consistently associated with higher mortality in all groups. Conclusion Underweight is a significant risk factor for mortality in older women, and healthy BMI ranges may need to be specific for age, race, and ethnicity. The findings support a consistent relationship between central obesity and mortality.
A new player in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: platelet-activating factor - PAF and its connection to smoking.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating chronic condition characterized by suprapubic pain, urinary frequency and urgency. The etiology is complex and not well understood and treatments are not satisfactory (Hanno et al. 2011). Bladder examination revealed a number of anomalies in the urothelium, including petechial hemorrhages (glomerulations), ulcers (Hunner's ulcers), denudation, tears and thinning (Hanno et al. 2011; Keay et al. 2014). Functional studies revealed a number of alterations in urothelial receptors/ion channel function (e.g., purinergic, transient receptor potential channels) and transmitter release (e.g., ATP, NO) from the urothelium in response to mechanical or chemical stimuli (Hanno et al. 2011; Keay et al. 2014). Although all of these changes are likely to contribute to pain and urinary symptoms, precise mechanisms are unclear. Life style factors, including diet, exercise, alcohol consumption and smoking, significantly impact IC/BPS symptoms. Smoking is associated with worsening of symptoms (Kennedy et al. 2006; Song et al. 2009; Tettamanti et al. 2011; Mobley and Baum 2015), however, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not understood. The manuscript “Cigarette Smoke‐Induced Urothelial Cell Damage: Potential Role of Platelet‐Activating Factor” by Kispert et al., identifies a pathway by which smoking could lead to alterations in urothelial cells consistent with those observed in the bladders of IC/BPS patients. Moreover, it raises the possibility that this pathway is dysregulated in the urothelium of IC/BPS patients, regardless of smoking status, thus providing opportunities for new therapies. The authors focus on platelet‐activating …
Recoilless Nuclear Resonance Absorption of Gamma Radiation: A new principle yields gamma lines of extreme narrowness for measurements of unprecedented accuracy.

A new principle yields gamma lines of extreme narrowness for measurements of unprecedented accuracy.
Online counseling: dynamics of process and assessment

The rise in popularity and use of computer-mediated modes of communication such as email and synchronous chat have resulted in the potential for new delivery methods of mental health services. The present study investigated the dynamics of an initial counseling session held in a synchronous chat environment between therapists-in-training at various graduate programs across the country and a trained confederate posing as a client. Transcripts from the online sessions were analyzed to investigate therapist responses and interventions in the online environment. Therapists-in-training were also asked to respond to questions concerning their satisfaction with the experience, the relationship they were able to form with the client, and previous online experience. Participants gave an assessment of the client and responded to statements about online counseling. Results demonstrate that the therapists-intraining expressed more positive views about online counseling after they had conducted the session in terms of the potential for a therapeutic alliance and desire for future training; however, participants expressed more negative views about the amount of work that could be accomplished during online counseling sessions. Therapists-in-training were also able to accurately diagnose their client's presenting concerns at the conclusion of the session. The implications for the future directions of online counseling research and practice are
On correlating network traffic for cyber threat intelligence: A Bloom filter approach

Internet and organizational network security is still threatened by devastating malicious activities. Given the continuous escalation of such attacks in terms of their frequency, sophistication and stealthiness, it is of paramount importance to generate effective cyber threat intelligence that aims at inferring, attributing, characterizing and mitigating such misdemeanors. Nevertheless, such imperative tasks are partially impeded by the lack of correlation approaches that can produce prompt and accurate actionable intelligence by investigating various network traffic sources. To this end, this paper proposes a simple yet effective approach to generically correlate network traffic for cyber security purposes. The approach uniquely exploits Bloom filters to infer similarities between the analyzed network traffic while eliminating false negatives and managing a very low and a measurable false positive rate. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by empirically evaluating it using 10 GB of real darknet data and close to 15 thousand malware traffic samples. The outcome is rendered by hundreds of inferred and attributed Internet-scale infections, which we corroborate using third-party publicly accessible threat repositories. We envision that the proposed approach could be leveraged as an effective correlation component in complex security information and event management systems to provide metrics that would aid in characterizing and comprehending various network security activities and incidents.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) Restores Anesthesia-induced Alteration of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in the Developing Rat Hippocampus.

Recent evidence strongly supports the idea that common general anesthetics (GAs) such as isoflurane (Iso) and nitrous oxide (N2O; laughing gas), as well as sedative drugs such as midazolam are neurotoxic for the developing mammalian brain having deleterious effects on neural circuits involved in cognition, learning and memory. However, to date, very little is known about epigenetic mechanisms involved in GA-induced plasticity of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, the main memory-processing region in the brain. Here, we used patch-clamp recordings of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) from hippocampal neurons in slice cultures exposed to the clinically relevant GA combination. We found that in vitro exposure to a combination of midazolam, 0.75% Iso, and 70% N2O for 6 h leads to lasting increase in frequency of mIPSCs, while amplitudes and kinetics of the events were spared. Importantly, co-application of entinostat (MS-275), a selective inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDAC), completely reversed GA-induced synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, when given in vivo to P7 pups exposed to GA with midazolam, Iso and N2O for 6 h, MS-275 reversed GA-induced histone-3 hypoacetylation as shown by an increase in Ac-H3 protein expression in the hippocampus. We conclude that exposure to a combination of Iso with N2O and midazolam causes plasticity of mIPSCs in hippocampal neurons by epigenetic mechanisms that target presynaptic sites. We hypothesize that GA-induced epigenetic alterations in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus may contribute to altered neuronal excitability and consequently abnormal learning and memory later in life.
“Oh, the Places You'll Go” by Bringing Developmental Science Into the World!

Urie Bronfenbrenner and Ernest Boyer argued for leaving the laboratory to conduct rigorous developmental research in the real world where children are found—in the places they go. Contributions to this special issue meet Bronfenbrenner and Boyer's call while at the same time recognizing the continued importance of laboratory research. These articles range from a review of research on the arts to a language intervention in Senegal to large-scale dissemination and intervention projects designed to communicate the best developmental science to families, public agencies, and schools. Together these articles illustrate how we can study development in the world and enrich our work on the factors that promote development. Taking this path presents us with a set of additional hurdles to be addressed, such as how to communicate with the public and how to scale up our interventions in the face of diversity along many dimensions.
High-Mobility Transparent Conducting Oxides for Compact Epsilon-Near-Zero Silicon Integrated Optical Modulators

We study the role of carrier mobility in transparent conducting oxides integrated into epsilon-near-zero modulators. High-mobility materials including CdO enable sub-micron length electroabsorption modulators through >4dB/µm extinction ratios.
Antimicrobial resistance: a One Health perspective.

Introduction Worsening antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the practice of modern human and veterinary medicine. For decades, medicine and agriculture have blamed each other for the rise of resistant microbes. Widespread use and misuse of antibiotics in both medicine and agriculture have increased the prevalence and expression of resistance genes. Vre The rise of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) in the European Union (EU) led to the ban of avoparcin, an antibiotic that is chemically related to vancomycin. In the years post-ban, VRE surveillance data of EU hospitals showed no obvious reduction in VRE rates. The USA never approved avoparcin, yet VRE has been an enormous problem in its hospitals. AMR surveillance data showed zero rates of VRE in US livestock. Whole-genome sequencing data suggest that VRE might have evolved from ampicillin-resistant E. faecium from dogs. Companion animals have been completely ignored in the AMR debate. Sanitation In addition, 1 billion people openly defecate around the world. Of these, 60% live in India, a country with highly resistant microbes. Conclusion A One Health approach integrating human, animal and environmental whole-genome sequencing surveillance data is essential to getting to the root of AMR and developing effective prevention and control strategies.
Visualizing peri-urban and rurban water conditions in Pune district, Maharashtra, India

Abstract Drinking water programs in India treat urban and rural areas separately, generally neglecting the special conditions of settlements referred to as peri-urban or rurban. We show how the historiography of peri-urban areas acquired negative connotations of poor water and sanitation services while rurban places have come to be associated with positive well-disciplined conditions. Previous research on drinking water programs has taken two paths, one of which generates rigorous qualitative case studies that criticize neoliberal policies, while the other employs larger scale quantitative methods to advance neoliberal policy reforms. This paper adopts a hybrid pragmatic approach to visualize strengths and weaknesses of water and sanitation services in urbanizing rural areas of Pune district, Maharashtra. We re-assess demographic definitions of the rural-urban dichotomy in India, distance-based criteria used in Maharashtra, and Census of India water and sanitation data. A combination of field research and GIS mapping identified four main peri-urban patterns in Pune district: (1) megacity fringe; (2) highway corridor development; (3) industrial zones; and (4) block town expansion. We show that while water supply has improved in some rurban areas, sanitation and drainage problems have not kept up. A second pattern of deficiency was observed in transitional towns of 5000 persons. Annually updated water and sanitation datasets at the national and state levels will make this pragmatic combination of GIS mapping and field research approaches valuable for visualizing peri-urban and rurban conditions at the district scale of water governance and planning in India.
Physical and mental health of Chinese grandparents caring for grandchildren and great-grandparents

The increasing worldwide prevalence and intensity of grandparenting has attracted an attention to its health implications for caregivers against the backdrop of population aging. Thanks to prolonged life expectancy and reduced infant mortality, extended families that comprise four generations, co-residential or not, are no longer rare in China. The current study examines health consequences when Chinese grandparents provide care to not only grandchildren but also their own elderly parents or parents-in-law (i.e., great-grandparents). Drawing on data from the 2011-2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), mental health was captured by levels of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms, and physical health was measured by levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), hypertension, high-risk pulse rate, and diabetes. Overall grandparents who cared for grandchildren only had better mental and physical health, compared with non-caregivers. There was some evidence that the 'sandwich' grandparents who cared for both grandchildren and great-grandparents reported greater life satisfaction, fewer depressive symptoms, and reduced hypertension compared with non-caregivers. The health advantage of caregiving was most pronounced in urban grandfathers whose caregiving conformed to the norm of filial piety and who did so most likely to seek emotional reward instead of an intergenerational time-for-money exchange. In contrast, rural grandmothers were the most vulnerable group and their health disadvantage seemed to arise from caring for great-grandparents. These findings highlight the importance of rural-urban context and gender role in studying the health effects of intergenerational caregiving on Chinese grandparents.
High pressure sensing and adaptation in the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9.

Abstract Moderate hydrostatic pressures perturb membrane-associated processes in many 0.1 MPa-adapted bacteria. Genetic studies in the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9 have uncovered two membrane-associated signal transduction systems, one of which is required for the inverse regulation of two genes encoding outer membrane proteins at low and high pressure, and the other which is critical for barophilic growth. Barophilic deep-sea bacteria represent useful subjects for molecular genetic inquiries into the evolution of high-pressure-adapted life.
Microdesigned Interfaces: New Opportunities for Studies of Surfaces and Grain Boundaries

The development of methods for producing highly controlled internal voids in ceramics provided a new class of experimental methods for studying the properties of surfaces and interfaces in ceramics. Recent work, based on refined capabilities for producing microdesigned internal defect structures has broadened the range of problems that can be addressed. This paper reviews and previews recent research focussing on improving our understanding of surface diffusion in ceramics, providing experimentally determined values of surface energies in doped and undoped sapphire, and on developing new approaches to generating graded microstructures and single crystals by solid-state routes.
Micro and Nanoscale Smart Polymer Technologies in Biomedicine

Polymers that exhibit a sharp hydrophilic to hydrophobic phase transition on the application of an environmental stimulus such as pH or temperature are called smart polymers. These smart polymers, or stimuli responsive polymers, have been used to develop several drug delivery technologies. The emergence of the fields of nanotechnology and microfluidics has created new opportunities for smart polymers. We have recently developed two nano- and microscale technologies for diagnostic applications. The first is a reversible particle system using stimuli-responsive polymer-protein conjugates. We have found that conjugates of streptavidin and the temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), rapidly form stable and uniformly sized mesoscale particles above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer. The size of these particles is dependent on concentration, molecular weight of the polymer used and formulation parameters such as the heating rate. The second is a stimuli-responsive bioanalytical bead system. Latex beads were dualconjugated with PNIPAAm and an affinity ligand to confer temperature-responsiveness to the beads. Above the LCST of the PNIPAAm, the bead surface becomes hydrophobic and the modified beads aggregate and adhere to the walls of microfluidic channels. They have been used to develop a reversible microfluidic affinity chromatography matrix for the upstream processing of complex fluids and for immunoassays. Both technologies can be used in a wide variety of formats, including microfluidic-based micro-total analytical systems (μTAS) devices and simple, rapid field tests.
Part decomposition and 2D batch placement in single-machine additive manufacturing systems

Abstract To produce a large object within a limited workspace of an Additive Manufacturing (AM) machine, this study proposes a two-phase method: (1) part decomposition to separate a part into several pieces; and (2) 2D batch placement to place the decomposed parts onto multiple batches. In Phase 1, the large object is re-designed into small pieces by a Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) with a hyperplane, where parts are decomposed recursively until no parts are oversize the limited size of the workspace. In Phase 2, the decomposed parts are grouped as batches to go through serial build processes using a single AM machine. Within a batch, the decomposed parts are placed based on a 2D packing method in which parts are not placed over other parts to avoid potential surface damage caused by support structure between parts. A genetic algorithm (GA) for the 2D batch placement is applied to find near-optimal solutions for build orientations, placement positions, and batch number for each part. As an objective function, the total process time including build time and post-processing time is minimized. This research provides some insights into the relation between part decomposition and 2D batch placement. It shows that minimizing the number of decomposed parts could be more critical than minimizing the size of decomposed parts for reducing the overall process time in serial batch processes.
Integrating exploratory data analytics into ReaxFF parameterization

We present a systematic approach to refine hyperdimensional interatomic potentials, which is showcased on the ReaxFF formulation. The objective of this research is to utilize the relationship between interatomic potential input variables and objective responses (e.g., cohesive energy) to identify and explore suitable parameterizations for the boron carbide (B–C) system. Through statistical data analytics, ReaxFF’s parametric complexity was overcome via dimensional reduction (55 parameters) while retaining enough degrees of freedom to capture most of the variability in responses. Two potentials were identified which improved on an existing parameterization for the objective set if interest, showcasing the framework’s capabilities.
Social Photo-Elicitation: The Use of Communal Production of Meaning to Hear a Vulnerable Population

We report on an initial ethnographic exploration of the situation of sex-trafficking survivors in Nepal. In the course of studying trafficking survivors in a protected-living situation created by a non-governmental organization in Nepal, we adapted photo-elicitation to hear the voices of the survivors by making the technique more communal. Bringing sociality to the forefront of the method reduced the pressure on survivors to assert voices as individuals, allowing them to speak. We make three contributions to research. First, we propose a communal form of photo-elicitation as a method to elicit values in sensitive settings. Second, we present the complex circumstances of the survivors as they undergo rehabilitation and move towards life with a "new normal". Third, our work adds to HCI and CSCW literature on understanding specific concerns of trafficking survivors and aims to inform designs that can support reintegration of survivors in society. The values that the survivors hold and their notion of future opportunities suggest possession of limited but important social capital in some domains that could be leveraged to aid reintegration.
Critical Review, Development, and Testing of a Taxonomy for Adverse Events and Near Misses in the Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVES An adverse event (AE) is a physical harm experienced by a patient due to health care, requiring intervention. Describing and categorizing AEs is important for quality and safety assessment and identifying areas for improvement. Safety science suggests that improvement efforts should focus on preventing and mitigating harm rather than on error, which is commonplace but infrequently leads to AEs. Most taxonomies fail to describe harm experienced by patients (e.g., hypoxia, hemorrhage, anaphylaxis), focusing instead on errors, and use categorizations that are too broad to be useful (e.g., "communication error"). We set out to create a patient-centered, emergency department (ED)-specific framework for describing AEs and near misses to advance quality and safety in the acute care setting. METHODS We performed a critical review of existing taxonomies of harm, evaluating their applicability to the ED. We identified and adopted a classification framework and developed a taxonomy using an iterative process categorizing approximately 600 previously identified AEs and near misses. We reviewed this taxonomy with collaborators at four medical centers, receiving feedback and providing clarification. We then disseminated a set of representative scenarios for these safety experts to categorize independently using the taxonomy. We calculated interrater reliability and performance compared to our criterion standard. RESULTS Our search identified candidate taxonomies for detailed review. We selected the Adventist Health Systems AE taxonomy and modified this for use in the ED, adopting a framework of categories, subcategories, and up to three modifiers to further describe events. On testing, overall reviewer agreement with the criterion standard was 92% at the category level and 88% at the subcategory level. Three of the four raters concurred in 55 of 59 scenarios (93%) and all four concurred in 46 of 59 scenarios (78%). At the subcategory level, there was complete agreement in 40 of 59 (68%) scenarios and majority agreement in 55 of 59 instances (93%). Performance of individual raters ranged from very good (88%, 52/59) to near perfect (98%, 58/59) at the main category level. CONCLUSIONS We developed a taxonomy of AEs and near misses for the ED, modified from an existing framework. Testing of the tool with minimal training yielded high performance and good inter-rater reliability. This taxonomy can be adapted and modified by EDs seeking to enhance their quality and safety reviews and characterize harm occurring in their EDs for quality improvement purposes.
Citizens’ Support for Local Law Enforcement Anti-Counterfeiting Activities

Product counterfeiting is a global crime that can have substantial effects within local communities, particularly with regard to its impact on citizens. Undertaking anti-counterfeiting activities at the local level requires law enforcement agencies to direct resources toward a non-traditional crime problem. Yet, it is unclear whether citizens would be willing to support increasing the financial resources given to local law enforcement to support anti-counterfeiting activities. Our study of Michigan citizens found that most would support such increases, however, support declined when respondents were asked to consider financial and non-financial costs. Our findings suggest that the strongest support for increasing local anti-counterfeiting resources comes from citizens who are willing to support such increases through paying higher taxes, and victims of product counterfeiting. However, policies aimed at increasing resources are not likely to gain wide acceptance unless it can be shown that existing law enforcement missions will be preserved, and resources will not be shifted away from traditional law enforcement functions.
Silicon dopant passivation by nitrogen during molecular beam epitaxy of GaNAs

We have studied the Si doping efficiency in dilute nitride GaNAs by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy across a substrate temperature range from 460 to 570 °C. Particularly, for samples grown at ~480 °C, the doping efficiency changes drastically from 100 to almost 0 % as the N compositions varies from 0 to 3.1 %. By comparing experimental data to Monte Carlo simulation of N adatom surface diffusion during growth, the change in doping efficiency is believed to be due to passivation of Si dopants by N during epitaxy.
Labeling Neuronal Proteins with Quantum Dots for Single-Molecule Imaging

Single-molecule imaging has illuminated dynamics and kinetics of neuronal proteins in their native membranes helping us understand their effective roles in the brain. Here, we describe how nanometer-sized fluorescent semiconductors called quantum dots (QD) can be used to label neuronal proteins in a single QD imaging format. We detail two generalizable protocols accompanied by experimental considerations giving the user options in approach tailored to the materials and equipment available. These protocols can be modified for experiments to verify target specificity, as well as single molecule analysis such as single particle tracking and protein clustering.
Cost of power interruptions to electricity consumers in the United States (US)

Abstract The massive electric power blackout in the northeastern US and Canada on August 14–15, 2003 catalyzed discussions about modernizing the US electricity grid. Industry sources suggested that investments of $50–100 billion would be needed. This work seeks to better understand an important piece of information that has been missing from these discussions: what do power interruptions and fluctuations in power quality (power-quality events) cost electricity consumers? We developed a bottom-up approach for assessing the cost to US electricity consumers of power interruptions and power-quality events (referred to collectively as “reliability events”). The approach can be used to help assess the potential benefits of investments in improving the reliability of the grid. We developed a new estimate based on publicly available information, and assessed how uncertainties in these data affect this estimate using sensitivity analysis.
Inserting Virtual Static Object with Geometry Consistency into Real Video

Given the importance of augmented reality in recent years and its wide spread in many fields of media industries, practical fields such as medicine, education, and others. This study present a methodology in order to insert virtual static object into a real video environment for improve the reality with a virtual information that was not actually present. There are several problems needs to be overcome during the process of merging the virtual object such as geometry of shapes, registration, and illumination. The aim of this study is to make the virtual static objects look like it actually exists in the same real video environment in terms of dimensions, sizes and consistency of shapes. The following steps of the proposed method are: Firstly convert original video file into frames. Secondly separate the background from foreground by rebuilding the background model, then obtain the foreground objects by subtract original frames of the video from background. Thirdly apply the background segmentation. Then extracting the features for every one of the segments and extracting the features of virtual static object. Fifthly selecting a suitable segment (area) for insert the virtual object.
Impact of a standardized admissions process using a nurse intermediary

Objective: Transitions of care, including those between the Emergency Department (ED) and Internal Medicine (IM) for hospital admissions are complicated, variable processes that impact efficiency and patient safety. At our institution, a new, standardized admissions process that involved a nurse coordinator intermediary who served a dual role of facilitating admissions and overseeing bed board was implemented in July 2017. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the new process on ED throughput and safety outcomes of admitted patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the admissions process for patients at an urban, academic ED was conducted over a 4-month period preceding and following process implementation. ED metrics, including admission decision to ED departure time, were reviewed. In addition, the number of admitted patients upgraded to the intensive care unit (ICU) via a rapid response team (RRT-ICU) within 24 hours of admission and direct physician-physician handoffs were analyzed via surveys of both IM and EM physicians. Results: A total of 1,109 admissions were reviewed. The new admissions process resulted in a statistically significant decrease in boarding times for admitted ED patients ( p = .03). The number of RRT-ICUs within 24 hours of admission did not change as a result of the intervention ( p = .5). Direct physician handoffs increased, but not significantly, according to surveys of IM ( p = .39) and EM physicians ( p = .34). Conclusions: The implementation of a standardized admissions process utilizing a nurse intermediary improved provider communication and ED throughput without negatively impacting patient safety.
Observations of Sweep–Ejection Dynamics for Heat and Momentum Fluxes during Wildland Fires in Forested and Grassland Environments

The vertical turbulent transfer of heat and momentum in the lower atmospheric boundary layer is accomplished through intermittent sweep, ejection, outward interaction, and inward interaction events associated with turbulent updrafts and downdrafts. These events, collectively referred to as sweep–ejection dynamics, have been studied extensively in forested and nonforested environments and reported in the literature. However, little is known about the sweep–ejection dynamics that occur in response to turbulence regimes induced by wildland fires in forested and nonforested environments. This study attempts to fill some of that knowledge gap through analyses of turbulence data previously collected during three wildland (prescribed) fires that occurred in grassland and forested environments in Texas and New Jersey. Tower-based high-frequency (10 or 20 Hz) three-dimensional wind-velocity and temperature measurements are used to examine frequencies of occurrence of sweep, ejection, outward interaction, and inward interaction events and their actual contributions to the mean vertical turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum before, during, and after the passage of fire fronts. The observational results suggest that wildland fires in these environments can substantially change the sweep–ejection dynamics for turbulent heat and momentum fluxes that typically occur when no fires are present, especially the relative contributions of sweeps versus ejections in determining overall heat and momentum fluxes.
The URBANbuild Program: Bridging Design, Construction, and Research

The premise of a design-build studio is that students engage directly in both the design and construction of full-scale prototypes, leading to a better understanding of how the act of design impact...
Understanding the geography of access to cultural amenities: The case of Metropolitan Detroit

Arts and culture organizations are often framed as important actors in urban development efforts; however, questions of equity of access to cultural amenities and the problem of inequities in their...
The dynamic adjustment of mean arterial pressure during exercise: a potential tool for discerning cardiovascular health status.

Kinetics analysis of physiological variables following workload transitions provides important information, but this has not been performed on mean arterial pressure (MAP), despite the clear clinic...
A linear hybrid model for enhanced servo error pre-compensation of feed drives with unmodeled nonlinear dynamics

Abstract Servo error pre-compensation (SEP) is commonly used to improve the accuracy of feed drives. Existing SEP approaches often involve the use of physics-based linear models (e.g., transfer functions) to predict servo errors, but suffer from inaccuracies due to unmodeled nonlinear dynamics in feed drives. This paper proposes a linear hybrid model for SEP that combines physics-based and data-driven linear models. The proposed model is shown to approximate nonlinearities unmodeled in physics-based linear models. In experiments on a precision feed drive, the proposed hybrid model improves the accuracy of servo error prediction by up to 38% compared to a physics-based model.
Abstract 17426: Acute Myocardial Infarction Due to Right Coronary Artery Occlusion Following Blunt Thoracic Trauma

Blunt thoracic wall trauma can rarely lead to acute coronary artery injury and occlusion , and mostly involves the left anterior descending artery due to its vulnerable anterior anatomic positionin...