cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A three-mode factor analysis of the concept of novelty

Although psychologists have dealt with the concept of novelty in divergent ways, suggesting that the concept might be multidimensional, a factor analysis of Ss’ ratings of 18 descriptive scales resulted in only one significant factor for each of three modes of data variation. Thirty college students were asked to rate five congruous and five incongruous animal slides on a series of 18 adjective scales. A Tucker three-mode factor analysis of the data was performed with adjectives, slides, and Ss as the variables. In general, the results favored a unidimensional concept of novelty and failed to indicate a systematic basis for individual differences.
Clinical pathology reference intervals for an in-water population of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Core Sound, North Carolina, USA.

The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is found throughout the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It is a protected species throughout much of its range due to threats such as habitat loss, fisheries interactions, hatchling predation, and marine debris. Loggerheads that occur in the southeastern U.S. are listed as “threatened” on the U.S. Endangered Species List, and receive state and federal protection. As part of an on-going population assessment conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service, samples were collected from juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in Core Sound, North Carolina, between 2004 and 2007 to gain insight on the baseline health of the threatened Northwest Atlantic Ocean population. The aims of the current study were to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for this population, and to assess variation of the hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes by season, water temperature, and sex and size of the turtles. Reference intervals for the clinical pathology parameters were estimated following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Season, water temperature, sex, and size of the turtles were found to be significant factors of variation for parameter values. Seasonal variation could be attributed to physiological effects of decreasing photoperiod, cooler water temperature, and migration during the fall months. Packed cell volume, total protein, and albumin increased with increasing size of the turtles. The size-related differences in analytes documented in the present study are consistent with other reports of variation in clinical pathology parameters by size and age in sea turtles. As a component of a health assessment of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in North Carolina, this study will serve as a baseline aiding in evaluation of trends for this population and as a diagnostic tool for assessing the health and prognosis for loggerhead sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation.
Kaposi's sarcoma of internal organs. A multiparameter study of 86 cases

Background. During the past decade, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining diseases, has been the subject of sustained research. However, basic questions about its etiology, histogenesis, growth, and dissemination remain unanswered. Even its nature, whether hyperplasia or neoplasia, is still controversial. Most studies and concepts to date have been based on dermatologic KS. The present study, in contrast, examines by various parameters a series of patients with KS of internal organs. Materials and Methods. The series includes 86 cases (39 surgical specimens and 47 autopsies) of visceral and disseminated KS. The study is focused on the gross distribution of lesions, the mode of dissemination, the histologic patterns, and the cellular immunophenotypes, which are investigated with the use of 18 monoclonal antibodies. Results. The involvement of various organs, multiplicity of lesions, and progression of tumors were recorded. Seven histologic patterns forming a spectrum of cellular differentiation were distinguished. Immunophenotypes characteristic for different histologic patterns were recognized. Although some cell markers such as those recognized by antibodies against Factor VIII R-Ag, Actin, and Ulex europaeus were restricted to the well differentiated KS cells, others including CD34 and CD31 demonstrated a strong affinity for the entire spectrum of KS cell differentiation. Conclusion. The present study of KS of internal organs revealed that poor grades of histologic and immunophenotypic differentiation correlated with invasion and dissemination, which are fundamental characteristics of malignant tumors. Cancer 1995;75:1376-85.
Interprofessional learning: Perceptions of first year health students

Background: Shared learning among health professional students has the potential to improve collaboration and reduce medical errors resulting in improved patient outcomes. While organizational difficulties pose significant challenges to implementing interprofessional learning, negative student attitudes may pose the greatest barrier to change. Thus, the aim of this qualitative study was to determine perceptions of first year health students (medical, nursing, and physician associate) toward interprofessional learning. Methods and findings: Content analysis was used to identify the repetitive themes regarding the facilitators and barriers to interprofessional education (IPE). Krippendorff’s method was used to analyze comments written in an open-ended survey completed by first year medical (48/101 or 48%), nursing (59/81 or 73%) and physician associate (19/35 or 54%) students representing a response rate of 58\% from one university in New England. Conclusions: Five interrelated themes emerged: Barriers included: History as prologue and Misunderstanding of “others”, versus Resistance to “others”. Facilitators included: Personal characteristics, Professional characteristics and Educational characteristics. Unique to medical students is Self-conscious emotions, while Optimism is unique to nursing students. While students may be ready to transform our educational systems, attention must be focused on the learning environment and complex factors that will facilitate this transformation.
Invasin and beyond: regulation of Yersinia virulence by RovA

RovA, a member of the MarR/SlyA family of winged-helix transcription factors, regulates expression of invasin, the major adhesion and invasion factor in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Disruption of rovA increases the LD(50) of the organism when inoculated using the oral route. However, when administered by intraperitoneal injection only a slight difference in LD(50) between mutant and wild-type organisms is apparent. The study of RovA and the genes it regulates provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the initial stages of a Yersinia infection.
Interaction of impacts of doubling CO2 and changing regional land-cover on evaporation, precipitation, and runoff at global and regional scales

The Community Climate System Model version 2.0.1 is running for 40 years under 355 ppm CO2 conditions, without and with natural and anthropogenic land-cover changes that are assumed in the inner core of four hydrothermally different, but similar-sized (≈3.27x106 km2) regions (Yukon, Ob, St. Lawrence, Colorado, and lands adjacent to them). A further set of simulations assumes 710 ppm CO2 conditions without and with these land-cover changes. Impacts of (1) doubled CO2, (2) changed land-cover, and (3) the interaction between doubled CO2 and changed land-cover on the four regional water cycles are elucidated using analysis of variance plus multiple testing. For the Yukon, Ob, and St. Lawrence regions, doubling CO2 significantly increases precipitation, evapotranspiration, and residence time nearly year-round; the opposite is true for precipitation and evapotranspiration in Colorado. In general, doubling CO2 slows down water cycles regardless of land-cover changes. Since land-cover changes occur locally, they more strongly affect regional than global water cycling. Sometimes land-cover changes alone reduce regional-scale precipitation and evapotranspiration. Water-cycle changes of comparable absolute magnitude can occur in response to either changed land-cover or doubled CO2. Significant interactions between the two treatments indicate that local land-cover changes, even if they have little impact under reference climate conditions, may have substantial regional impact in a warmer climate. Increased residence time after doubling CO2 indicates a generally increased influence of upwind regions on downwind regions. If land-cover changes occur concurrently with CO2 changes, they will have farther-reaching impact than under reference CO2 conditions. Thus, due to atmospheric transport the interaction between impact of land-cover changes and CO2 doubling on water-cycle-relevant quantities may occur even in regions with unchanged land-cover. A sensitivity study for tripled CO2 showed similar results, but more pronounced slowed-down regional water cycles and interaction of the two treatments. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Youth in Foster Care and Social Media: A Framework for Developing Privacy Guidelines

Although youth in foster care most likely use social media websites, there appears to be a lack of policy guidelines related to this use. When one considers youth in foster care, the state's mandate to provide safety, and foster parents' rights to exercise parenting responsibilities, the notion of privacy and the use of social media becomes complex. Critical Systems Heuristics will be introduced as a tool in developing policy recommendations. An application of this framework will be provided which can serve as a guide for an agency or workgroup tasked with developing policy guidelines for social media use by youth in foster care.
Lateral Jet Control of a Supersonic Missile: Computational and Experimental Comparisons

Several three-dimensional, viscous, turbulent Navier‐ Stokes computations have been performed for a missile equipped with and without divert jet thruster for threedifferent wing planforms (having a e xed tail cone guration ) at a nominal e ow Mach number of 3.94, angles of attack ranging from 2 to 25 deg, and jet thrust ratios of one and four. Results are presented to show that the normal force and pitching moment coefe cients for all computed cases are predicted within 5% of the wind-tunnel data. Synthesis of all of the results show low amplie cation factor for all windward jet thruster cases. For this case the upstream favorable pressure zone created by the windward jet is insufe cient to compensate for the massive unfavorable pressure loss on the windward wings/tails due to the jet blockage and jet wraparound effects.
David R. Diaz and Rodolfo D. Torres (Eds.), Latino Urbanism: The Politics of Planning, Policy and Redevelopment (New York: New York University Press, 2012).

The demographic landscape of the United States has been shifting significantly over the past 40 years. Many cities have experienced significant demographic change as a result of immigration and nat...
Utilization of cheese whey permeate in canned beans and plums.

Navy and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were hydrated in water, then canned in brines designated as control, whey permeate (WP), and hydrolyzed lactose whey permeate (HP). Hunter Lab Color Difference and Kramer Shear texture analyses indicated general darkening and increased firmness in permeate treated beans. Total solids and ash increased significantly in the treated samples. There was a significantly lower preference for beans treated with permeate fractions than for control beans. Plums were canned in a control sucrose syrup (20° Brix) and in syrups with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% replacement of sucrose with HP, or crystalline glucose-galactose (GG) mixture. HP plums were generally darker in color and similar in texture to the control samples. Sensory tests showed that general acceptability of HP plums was similar to control samples.
Commentary on “Trends in statistically based quarterly cash-flow prediction models”

The purpose of this brief article is to offer a commentary on Trends in Statistically Based Quarterly Cash-flow Prediction Models authored by Professor Ken Lorek (2014). Lorek's article is a review...
The Emission of Negative Electrons from Boron Bombarded by Deuterons

In March, 1935, Professor E. O. Lawrence and Dr. R. L. Thornton informed us, in conversation, that they had obtained some evidence indicating the emission of negative electrons of very high energy from boron bombarded with deuterons, and suggested that they might arise from the reaction B11+H2→B12+H1→C12+e-+H1. (1)
Perturbation bounds for discrete Tikhonov regularisation

A highly regarded method for solving discrete ill-posed problems is the regularisation method due to Tikhonov (1963). The author uses the generalised SVD to derive perturbation bounds for the regularised solution when both the matrix and the right-hand side are perturbed.
Altered avoidance behavior of young black ducks fed cadmium

Pairs of adult black ducks (Anas rubripes) were fed a diet containing 0, 4 or 40 ppm cadmium as cadmium chloride. One-week-old ducklings that had been fed the same dietary concentrations of cadmium as had their parents were tested for avoidance of a fright stimulus. Ducklings fed 4 ppm cadmium ran significantly farther from the stimulus than did controls or ducklings fed 40 ppm cadmium. Such an alteration in behavior could have harmful effects on wild birds.
Coarctation of the aorta with patent ductusarteriosus

Summary 1. Coarctation of the aorta associated with a patent ductus arteriosus is not a rare congenital anomaly and frequently results in cardiac failure and death. 2. The radiographic appearance ofinfants with coarctation of the aorta associated with a patent ductus arteriosus has been described. 3. Although the diagnosis may be difficult, a correct clinical diagnosis can be made by the use of flush blood pressure technique, blood oxygen studies, and conventional roentgenograms. 4. Angiocardiography offers confirmatory evidence, but should be used only if the clinical diagnosis is not firmly established.
983 USEFULNESS OF SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) DURING THE NEWBORN PERIOD

Among 100 consecutive infants admitted to a NICU, serum CRP val ues ⩾ 1.0 mg/dl occurred in 18 during any of the first three days of life. Of these 18 infants, 12 had one or more of these problems: intrauterine growth retardation, meconium aspiration pneumonitis, febrile mother, transient tachypnea, and low Apgar score and/or shock and/or fetal distress. Of 11 with serum CRP values ⩾ 2.0 mg/dl, 8 had maternal fever, meconium aspiration pneumonitis, shock and/or fetal distress. Serum CRP,values during the first 3 days of life among 35 infants of mothers with fever and/or prolonged rupture of membranes were not helpful in identifying the 2 with systemic Group B β hemolytic streptococcal disease (urine positive for antigen by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis), there being 7 others with negative surface cultures and serum CRP values ⩾ 1.0 and 3 with elevated values of 6 whose surface cultures were positive. Serial serum CRP determinations of 10 infected neonates (7 septicemias due to a variety of organisms, 1 urinary tract infection 1 pneumonia and 1 scalp abscess) followed the expected rapid decline during successful therapy. Serum CRP values during the first days of life are often elevated because of non-infectious causes. Accordingly, this acute-phase protein cannot be used to identify infection during the first days of life. However, it affords an excellent means of evaluating the course of infections and effectiveness of therapy among term and preterm infants.
The Effects of Solar Flares on Single Event Upset Rates

Solar flare particle events pose the most extreme SEU producing environment. The most severe aspects of several flares have been combined to produce a model for a composite worst-case flare particle event. This model is proposed as a standard for the design of spacecraft that must operate without interruption.
2-Methyl-6-(1,7,7-tri­methyl­bi­cyclo­[2.2.1]­hept-2-yl)­phenol

In the title compound, C17H24O, the six-membered ring of the bi­cyclo­[2.2.1]­heptyl moiety has a boat conformation and the phenol group is in an equatorial position. In the crystal structure, centrosymmetric dimers are formed via intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with rather unfavorable geometry.
Pathophysiology of toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma infection in most adult animals and humans is asymptomatic because of effective protective immunity; this involves antibody acting extracellularly, and T-cell factors acting intracellularly. Whenever immunity is not acquired in a timely fashion, tachyzoites continue to multiply, destroying an excessive number of cells, producing lesions in several organs, with pneumonia and encephalitis the prominent causes of illness and death. However, immunity is insufficient to destroy the slowly multiplying bradyzoites persisting in tissue cysts in many organs - a parasite adaptation to await ingestion of one host by another. Toxoplasma cysts produce lesions when they disintegrate, because of the delayed type of hypersensitivity accompanying infections. In the presence of immunity, the released bradyzoites are destroyed, but when protective immunity fails, the bradyzoites can develop again into actively multiplying tachyzoites parasitizing and destroying cells in expanding foci, usually in the brain. In this review J.K. Frenkel discusses the complex interplay of immunological and parasite factors participating in the various lesions associated with acute and chronic Toxoplasma infections.
The measurement of masculinity and femininity: Engendering categorical realities

The study of gender attributes, masculinity and femininity, has comprised a major research program in twentieth-century psychology Historical examination reveals that this research program has produced not cumulative discovery but a pattern of repetition and reification Researchers have repeatedly attempted to ensure the reality of masculinity and femininity, and have even introduced methodological techniques that privilege their observational statements on that reality Similar patterns have occurred in the case of androgyny research, despite expectations that the androgyny construct would remedy the shortcomings of masculinity and femininity concepts When analyzed in historical context, these gender concepts are found to share ethnopsychological origins—roots in social practices and prescriptions Contextual analysis also provides telling details about researchers normative interests If we choose to terminate such fruitless ventures and to generate novel understandings of the social world, then we must undertake critical self-appraisal and adopt a new metatheoretical grounding
An SAS/IML procedure for maximum likelihood factor analysis

Maximum likelihood factor analysis (MLFA), originally introduced by Lawley (1940), is based on a firm mathematical foundation that allows hypothesis testing when normality is assumed with large sample sizes. MLFA has gained in popularity since Joreskog (1967) implemented an iterative algorithm to estimate parameters. This article presents a concise program using matrix language SAS/IML with the optimization subroutine NLPQN to obtain MLFA solutions. The program is pedagogically useful because it shows the step-by-step computational processes for MLFA, whereas almost all other statistical packages for MLFA are in "black boxes." It is also demonstrated that this approach can be extended to other multivariate methods requiring numerical optimizations, such as the widely used structural equation modeling. Researchers may find this program useful in conducting Monte Carlo simulation studies to investigate the properties of multivariate methods that involve numerical optimizations.
Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media

Abstract The fundamental limit of magnetic recording density on conventional media is set by the grain size. Once this grain size limit is reached, only a reduction of the grain size allows an increased SNR and thus an increased areal density. It is shown that, whilst maintaining thermal stability, scaling demands that the required anisotropy energy density K is proportional to the areal density, or the square of the areal density if the medium thickness reaches the critical thickness 4 A / K ( A is the exchange stiffness of the material). Recording onto materials with such a high anisotropy requires some form of a write-assist. It is furthermore shown that the grain size limit cannot be obtained with intergranular exchange present, and six different requirements are listed that constitute ideal media. An alternative path for increasing areal density of magnetic recording is to use patterned media, where each bit contains only one grain. In this case, written-in errors dominate system performance and the maximum achievable areal density is estimated to be about 6 Tbit/in 2 . Patterned media need to exhibit narrow distributions of their physical and structural properties with standard deviations of the order of 5% or less.
Exploration of Cascade Cyclizations Terminated By Tandem Aromatic Substitution: Total Synthesis of (+)-Schweinfurthin A

The termination of epoxide-initiated cascade cyclizations with a range of "protected" phenols is described. When the protecting group can be lost as a stabilized electrophile, the cascade process continues beyond ring closure to afford products which have undergone a tandem electrophilic aromatic substitution. A number of groups have proven viable in this process and the regiochemistry of their substitution reactions has been studied. Application of this methodology in the first total synthesis of (+)-schweinfurthin A, a potent antiproliferative agent, has been achieved.
Predicting State Anxiety: A Comparison of Multidimensional and Unidimensional Trait Approaches.

Abstract Endler has proposed that trait anxiety is multidimensional, with individual differences varying across several dimensions of stressing situations. Despite empirical support for the independence of some dimensions, some researchers have employed a single score on a multidimensional measure of trait anxiety, summed from the dimension scale scores, as a singular measure of generalized trait anxiety. This violates the theoretical underpinnings of the approach. This study examined whether a total score on a multidimensional measure of trait anxiety could supplement the ability of individual dimension scale scores in predicting state anxiety responses to dimension-congruent stress. Thirty-two female college students who scored at differing levels of dimensional and general anxiety were required to perform two laboratory stress tasks under conditions of stress representing different dimensions of trait anxiety. The results provide support for a multidimensional approach to general trait anxiety but indicate some value of a total score in supplementing predictions based on individual scale scores. The data provide a cautionary note that a total score on a multidimensional measure is of little value unless full consideration is given to the profile of dimension scale scores.
Extract intelligible and concise fuzzy rules from neural networks

The advent of artificial neural networks has contributed significantly to the field of knowledge engineering. Neural networks belong to a family of models that are based on a learning-by-example paradigm in which problem solving knowledge is automatically generated according to actual examples presented to them. The knowledge, however, is represented at a subsymbolic level in terms of connections and weights. Neural networks act like black boxes providing little insight into how decisions are made. They have no explicit, declarative knowledge structure that allows the representation and generation of explanation structures. Thus, knowledge captured by neural networks is not transparent to users and cannot be verified by domain experts. To solve this problem, researchers are interested in developing a humanly understandable representation for neural networks. This can be achieved by extracting production rules from trained neural networks. Current rule extraction approaches can successfully deal with problems with discrete-valued inputs but are less efficient when dealing with problems with continuous-valued inputs. This paper presents a novel approach to represent continuous-valued input parameters using linguistic terms (discretization) and then extract fuzzy rules from trained binary single-layer neural networks. An algorithm was developed to extract the most dominant fuzzy rules. The results are very simple rules that can achieve high predictive accuracy. The algorithm was applied to a couple of benchmark pattern recognition problems and a real-world manufacturing problem with promising results.
Membrane modifications in nutritionally induced filamentous Escherichia coli B.

Nutritionally induced filamentous cell forms of Escherichia coli B were examined for their morphological and biochemical lesions. The filamentous forms showed no significant alteration in total DNA concentration, RNA synthesis, ability to form s-galactosidase in response to isopropylthiogalactoside, or insensitivity to actinomycin D as compared to the normal cell form. The filamentous cells showed a marked decrease in the ability to incorporate N -acetylglucosamine-UL- 14 C into a phenol-soluble glycoprotein fraction relative to the normal cell form or relative to strain E-26 of E. coli grown in the filament-inducing medium. The filaments yielded an envelope-specific phenol-soluble protein fraction markedly reduced in or lacking three proteins as determined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analysis, and chemical and enzymatic treatments of the envelope-specific phenol-soluble proteins showed striking differences between the fractions obtained from normal and filamentous cells. Electron microscope studies of divalent cation-induced aggregates of the envelope proteins showed different aggregation patterns dependent upon the cell form yielding the protein fraction.
Vegetative Characteristics and Size of Home Ranges Used by Pygmy Rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) during Winter

We determined sizes of home ranges for pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming and characterized the vegetation within and outside those areas used during winters of 1993 and 1994. Seventy percent of pygmy rabbits used more than one core area within their home range. Habitats within home ranges had less low ground cover and a greater number of wider, taller Artemisia tridentata than did adjacent non-used areas. Pygmy rabbits selectively used dense and structurally diverse stands of A. t. tridentata , which also accumulated more snow than areas of low use. Structure and diversity of vegetation above the snow's surface declined as the season progressed and depths of snow increased. The sub-nivean environment provided access to a relatively constant supply of food and provided protection from predators and thermal extremes. We suggest that size of home ranges used by pygmy rabbits is influenced more by amount of vegetative cover than by forage.
Patterns of [13N]ammonium uptake and assimilation by Frankia HFPArl3.

Nitrogen-starved cells of Frankia strain HFPArl3 incorporated [13N]-labeled ammonium into glutamine ≫ serine ≫ (glutamate, alanine, aspartate), after five-minute radioisotope exposures. High initial endogenous pools of glutamate were reduced, while total glutamine increased, during short term NH inf4 sup+ incubation. Preincubation of cells in methionine sulfoximine (MSX) resulted in [13N]glutamine reduced by more than 80%, while [13N]glutamate and [13N]alanine levels increased. The results suggest that glutamine synthetase is the primary enzyme of ammonium assimilation, and that glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase may also function in ammonium assimilation at low levels. Efflux of [13N]serine and lesser amounts of [13N]glutamine was detected from the Frankia cells. The identity of both Ser and Gln in the extracellular compartment was confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Serine efflux may be of significance in nitrogen transfer in Frankia.
The Random Projection Method for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws with Stiff Reaction Terms

We propose a random projection method for numerical simulations of hyperbolic conservation laws with stiff source terms arising from chemically reactive flows:Ut+F(U)x+G(U)y=1??(U).In this problem, the chemical time scales may be orders of magnitude faster than the fluid dynamical time scales, making the problem numerically stiff. A classic spurious numerical phenomenon, the incorrect propagation speeds of discontinuities, occurs in underresolved numerical solutions. We introduce a random projection method for the reaction term by replacing the ignition temperature with a uniformly distributed random variable. The statistical average of this method corrects the spurious shock speed, as will be proved with a scalar model problem and demonstrated by a wide range of numerical examples in inviscid detonation waves in both one and two space dimensions.
Surplus Disposal in World Markets: An Application to Egyptian Cotton

In many countries, agricultural exports are managed directly by governments. A frequent problem encountered by policy makers involves the accumulation of unwanted surpluses caused by domestic price support programs, unforeseen declines in world demand, or unexpected shifts in the domestic supply-demand balance. This paper examines the intertemporal use of the world markets as a means to eliminate these surpluses. The analytical results follow directly from the theory of storage. They are applied to an analysis of the Egyptian ELS cotton market, where stock levels in the early 1980s became about six times as large as normal carryout. Estimation results suggest that optimal disposal plans may frequently involve selling surplus stocks in a single year.
Frontal sinus cholesterol granuloma: Case report

A case report of a massive cholesterol granuloma (CG) of the frontal sinus in a 15-year-old male subject treated endoscopically is reported. CGs are slowly expanding, cystic lesions that are rarely observed in the frontal sinus. Frontal sinus CGs characteristically present with proptosis, diplopia, and a unilateral painless expanding mass above the orbit. Patients frequently report a history of chronic nasal obstruction or head trauma. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, it is likely multifactorial in etiology. Surgical resection via endoscopic sinus surgery has been gaining popularity because of the minimally invasive approach and lower rates of recurrence.
Sequence Specific Liquid Crystallinity in Thick Films of Model Collagen-like Polyhexapeptides

To study hierarchical self-assembly of fibrous proteins, methods need to be developed to elucidate the nature of information flow between different levels of structure. The collagens present an int...
A house divided: Tragedy and evil in realist theory

(1996). A house divided: Tragedy and evil in realist theory. Security Studies: Vol. 5, Realism: Restatements and Renewal, pp. 385-423.
Learning Methods for Intelligent Evolving Systems

We discuss two technologies that allow the construction of intelligent systems that can evolve and learn. The first is the Hierarchical Prioritized Structure and the second the participatory learning paradigm.
The Effects of Fear Appeal and Communication Upon Attitudes Toward Alcohol Consumption.

The purpose of the study was to clarify principles of communication pertinent to alcohol and drug educational programs. Specifically the relationship between two independent variables, the fear appeal of the message and the character of the communicator, and the attitudes, behavior and information retention of seventh and eighth grade pupils with respect to the consumption of alcoholic beverages was explored. A number of significant findings are reported and their implications for alcohol education programs are discussed.
Suppressor factor produced by neonatal mouse spleen cells

Abstract Spleen cells from 5- to 6-day- old BDF 1 mice produce a soluble suppressor factor (SF) when cultured for 2–4 days in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum. This suppressor factor inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reactivity of adult mouse spleen cells as well as the in vitro generation of cytotoxic cells. The SF which is not H 2 -restricted or antigen specific is most effective when added in the early phase of the culture period. The SF is resistant to heat and uv treatment and appears to consist of a large and small component. It is resistant to treatment with pronase or trypsin. The SF appears to be produced by neonatal spleen cells which are not adherent to plastic or Sephadex G-10 and are insensitive to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement. Incubation of SF with peritoneal exudate cells reduces suppressor activity.
A workload model for topic-based publish/subscribe systems

Publish/Subscribe is an asynchronous messaging paradigm that has been an integral part of modern Message Oriented Middle-ware (MOM) frameworks. However, recent initiatives to enhance usability and friendliness of modern web-based clients have ex-tended the use of publish/subscribe schemes beyond middleware. Some of the recent protocols, like Bayeux [6], use topic-based publish/subscribe scheme to exchange messages between front-end web-based clients and back-end servers. This paper shares our experience in designing a load-generation framework for benchmarking of an HTTP-based publish/subscribe module for an enterprise Java application server. The paper starts with an introduction to topic-based publish/subscribe paradigm by describing the major entities, along with their roles and relation-ships. Major issues related to modeling and benchmarking sys-tems in a topic-based publish/subscribe paradigm are highlighted. We propose an abstract model that is helpful in workload genera-tion, data collection, and benchmarking of such systems. We also share our experience in designing and using a framework for per-formance engineering and improvements of a publish/subscribe system. This framework uses our proposed model. The paper con-cludes with sharing short-comings of the proposed model and framework, and our plans to extend this work for other asynchro-nous and synchronous messaging paradigms.
Transmission Channels Through Random Media

We measure the field transmission matrix for microwave radiation propagating through random waveguides in the Anderson localization transition and observe the statistics of transmission eigenvalues.
The consequences of micropulsations on geomagnetically trapped particles

Non-adiabatic radiation belt dynamics is largely controlled by interactions between geomagnetically trapped particles and various modes of plasma turbulence. Long period electric field fluctuations act as a major source mechanism for the inner zone through the process of inward radial diffusion of particles injected into the convection dominated outer zone. Higher frequency turbulence provides a major loss mechanism by pitch-angle scattering into the atmospheric loss cone. The wave particle interactions may take the form of self induced instabilities or parasitic scattering. Examples of each will be given in this review.
A simple method for locating methylated bases in DNA using class-IIS restriction enzymes

Sequence-specific DNA modification methyltransferases have been shown to produce three kinds of methylated nucleotides: 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N4-methylcytosine (m*C), and N6-methyladenine (mA) (Nelson and McClelland, 1987). The methylated nucleotide and its position in the recognition sequence of the methyltransferase are usually determined by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of methylated DNA molecules, followed by chromatographic analysis. In some cases the methylation specificity can be deduced from methylationmediated interference with restriction enzyme cleavage of overlapping sites. Also, the reduced reactivity
Transformation in Counselling

Abstract The view is put forward that counselling appears to be undergoing a transformation which renders the old distinction between counselling and therapy no longer meaningful or practical. This transformation reflects the psychic backdrop of our times; it has come about because the needs of people seeking help, as well as the needs of those counselling, have altered and developed. Increasingly, clients are acknowledging the need for radical change which involves exploration of all levels of their being. This transformative work, a moving across inner barriers and coming into wholeness, necessarily involves active awareness of spirit. Thus it is no longer possible to be a client-centred counsellor without being willing to address the spiritual dimension ofhuman-beingness.
Relationship between sweat gland recruitment and esophageal temperature during exercise-induced hyperthermia

1. This study found four distinct phases of sweat gland recruitment could be identified during exercise-induced hyperthermia. 2. First, at rest there were no detectable active sweat glands. Second, as esophageal temperature increased consequent to the exercise bout, a threshold was reached and sweat gland recruitment was initiated. Next, sweat gland recruitment increased linearly with the increase in esophageal temperature (r=0.78). Lastly, the number of active sweat glands reached a plateau at a maximum value. 3. These data support the hypothesis that sweat gland recruitment fits a proportional control model similar to other known thermoregulatory effectors. Furthermore, this is the first study to show that progressive sweat gland recruitment is a viable physiologic mechanism within localized skin sites.
Signal analysis via wave-splitting based on the wavelet transform

The discrete dyadic wavelet transform is modified so that, at each scale, the waveform is split into several channels. These channels correspond to decomposition of information in such a way that signal analysis and processing may be easily performed. It is shown that the split dyadic wavelet transform forms a complete representation. Application of this technique is demonstrated through an example. >
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel P450 fluorescent probes bearing α-cyanoether

Abstract Four α-cyano-containing ethers based on 2-alkoxy-2-naphthylacetonitriles have been designed as a novel structural class of cytochrome P450 fluorescent probes. Their syntheses, fluorescence properties and evaluation in the fluorogenic assay of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase are reported. After P450 enzymatic O-dealkylation, the cyanohydrin metabolite of the four new substrates rearranges to a fluorescent aromatic aldehyde with a larger Stokes shift, and the new substrates exhibit higher specific activities than that of the commercial substrate 7-ethoxyresorufin (ER).
Three small nucleolar RNAs of unique nucleotide sequences.

Abstract Three small RNA species were detected in human cells, and their cDNAs were synthesized and cloned. These RNAs are nucleolar, are 207, 154, and 135 nucleotides long, and are named E1, E2, and E3, respectively, and their unique nucleotide sequences suggest that they may belong to an additional family of small nucleolar RNAs. The 5' ends of these three RNAs do not appear to have a trimethylguanosine cap or another type of cap. Apparent homologs of these three RNAs were detected in mouse, rabbit, and frog cells, suggesting their universal importance. They are housekeeping RNA species, since they are present in all rabbit tissues analyzed.
Insights into Severe Sepsis in Older Patients: From Epidemiology to Evidence-Based Management

Up to 60% of patients who develop severe sepsis in the United States are 65 years of age, and the incidence of sepsis in this population is steadily increasing. Elderly individuals have an increased risk of developing sepsis, compared with younger patients, because of frequent comorbidities, institutionalization, declining performance status, and altered immune function. The clinical presentation of older patients with sepsis is often atypical, leading to a difficult and delayed diagnosis. Although increasing age appears to confer a high risk of death due to severe sepsis, recent evidence shows that many older patients respond well to selected interventions when the interventions are initiated in a timely fashion. Newly published clinical practice guidelines outline key recommendations regarding the treatment of patients with severe sepsis. Clinicians must be aware of the level of evidence in support of various interventions and must keenly screen older survivors for ongoing deficits that will limit their functional recovery. Each year, ∼750,000 patients in the United States develop severe sepsis [1], which was defined in recent clinical practice guidelines as “infection-induced organ dysfunction or hypoperfusion abnormalities” [2, p. 859]. More than 60% of these patients with sepsis are 65 years of age [1]. With the number of octogenarians expected to double by the year 2030 [3], severe sepsis in older patients is a major public health concern. Because of the sheer number of older patients with severe sepsis who receive treatment, the quantity of resources used by this segment of the patient population is massive and is growing. Nearly 60% of all days spent in an intensive care unit are incurred by patients 165 years of age [4]. These realities necessitate a heightened level of awareness of the complexities associated with the care of older patients with sepsis. The present review highlights important differences between older and younger patients with sepsis and also outlines the recently published clinical practice guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign [2], emphasizing their application to older patients. Be
An Overview of Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Structure, and Function

Chemists and early biochemists determined the essential building blocks of living cells and characterized their chemical nature. Among these building blocks were nucleic acids, long-chain polymers composed of nucleotides. Nucleic acids were named based partly on their chemical properties and partly on the observation that they represent a major constituent of the cell nucleus. That nucleic acids form the chemical basis for the transmission of genetic traits was not realized until about 60 years ago (1,2). Prior to that time, there was considerable disagreement among scientists as to whether genetic information was contained in and transmitted by proteins or nucleic acids. It was recognized that chromosomes contained deoxyribonucleic acid as a primary constituent, but it was not known if this DNA carried genetic information or merely served as a scaffold for some undiscovered class of proteins that carried genetic information. However, the demonstration that genetic traits could be transmitted through DNA formed the basis for numerous investigations focused on elucidation of the nature of the genetic code. During the last half-century, numerous investigators have participated in the scientific revolution leading to modern molecular biology. Of particular significance were the elucidation of the structure of DNA (3 –9), determination of structure —function relationships between DNA and RNA (10,11), and acquisition of basic insights into the processes of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein synthesis (12 –19). Molecular pathology represents the application of the principles of basic molecular biology to the investigation of human disease processes. Our ever broadening insights into the molecular basis of disease processes continues to provide an opportunity for the clinical laboratory to develop and implement new and novel approaches for diagnosis and prognostic assessment of human disease.
A 1" high resolution field sequential display for head mounted applications

Color displays used in binocular virtual reality are generally LCD arrays, with the maximum resolution determined by how small the individual color pixel elements can be made and driven electronically. A high resolution color display using a monochrome CRT and a liquid crystal shutter operated in a field-sequential color mode is described. The Tektronix 1-in frame sequential color monitor system significantly improves the resolution of color displays for virtual reality head-mounted displays to at least 640/spl times/480. The requirements of a field sequential full color monitor are discussed, as is the video drive for this device. >
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the extremities in the United States: Hospitalization and mortality

PAODE is an important cause of morbidity and health care expenditures among the elderly. Data from the NHDS and National Vital Statistics System were used to assess its impact in the U.S. In 1985 to 1987, an estimated 229 thousand men and 184 thousand women per year were discharged with any diagnosis of chronic PAODE. Discharge rates were much higher in men and increased sharply with age. Lower extremity arteriography was performed during 88 thousand hospitalizations and aorta-iliac-femoral bypass procedures were done during 31 thousand hospitalizations per year. Numbers of procedures increased markedly since 1979. An estimated 60 thousand men and 50 thousand women per year were discharged with any diagnosis of acute PAODE. Embolectomy or thrombectomy of lower limb arteries was listed for 28 thousand discharges per year. Few deaths were attributed to PAODE. Although these data are limited by likely incomplete reporting and by the nonspecificity of diagnostic codes, they provide an indication of the magnitude of the problem. An aging population and advances in surgical techniques suggest continued monitoring using multiple data sources. Vigorous primary prevention programs are needed to lessen the impact of all atherosclerotic diseases.
Metabolic tumor width parameters as determined on PET/CT predict disease-free survival and treatment response in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

We investigated the utility of metabolic tumor width parameters in predicting response to chemoradiotherapy and in predicting disease-free survival in patients with esophageal cancer. Furthermore, we evaluated the possible confounding effect of therapy-induced esophagitis on the evaluation of treatment response. Forty-nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma, who had undergone positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) exams before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, were included in the study. In the slice with the maximum 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake of the tumor, the following metabolic tumor width parameters were measured: Area of the tumor, maximum diameter of the tumor, maximum and mean standardized uptake value (SUV). Furthermore, the “diameter-SUV index” was calculated by multiplying the tumor diameter by the mean SUV. The decrease of the metabolic tumor diameter between pre- and post-treatment PET/CT scans was the single best predictor of treatment response and tumor-free survival. However, the accuracy of predicting response and survival was even higher when using the decrease of the “diameter-SUV index” as the metabolic criterion for treatment response. A decrease by more than 55% of the diameter-SUV index identified pathologic responders (n = 22) with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 93%. Radiation esophagitis was found to have a significant impact on the assessment of treatment response when evaluating therapy response based on the maximum SUV, whereas no confounding effect of radiation esophagitis was seen when evaluating therapy response based on the tumor diameter or the diameter-SUV index. The present study shows that tumor width parameters, especially the tumor diameter or the combination of diameter and SUV in the “diameter-SUV index”, are valuable for predicting tumor-free survival and treatment response independent from the presence of radiation esophagitis.