cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An initial evaluation of a weight loss intervention for individuals who engage in emotional eating.

Emotional eating may contribute to variability in weight loss and may warrant specialized treatment, although no randomized studies of specialized treatments exist for individuals who engage in emotional eating. This pilot study tested a new weight loss intervention for individuals who emotionally eat and compared it to the standard behavioral weight loss treatment (SBT). 79 predominantly female (95 %), predominantly African American (79.7 %) individuals who emotionally eat (BMI = 36.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were randomized to (1) a new enhanced behavioral treatment (EBT), incorporating skills for managing emotions and emotional eating or (2) a SBT. Primary outcomes were weight and emotional eating at 20 weeks. Weight decreased significantly in both groups (SBT: −5.77 kg (−7.49, −4.04); EBT: −5.83 kg (−7.57, −4.09)), with no significant between-group differences. Similar results were produced for emotional eating. Results suggest that SBT may be effective for reducing weight and emotional eating in individuals who emotionally eat, and that adding emotional-eating specific strategies may not provide additional benefits beyond those produced by SBT interventions in the short-term. Registration site: www.clinicaltrials.gov . Registration number: NCT02055391.
Fast, accurate prediction of PLL jitter induced by power grid noise

Timing jitter caused by power supply fluctuations is an important concern in phase-locked loop (PLL) design. We present a novel technique for predicting supply-induced PLL timing jitter that is much more accurate than prior methods. Our method, based on a nonlinear VCO macromodel, is able to predict phase errors correctly where prior linear macromodels fail. The macromodel is easily extracted from SPICE-level descriptions of any oscillator or VCO. We demonstrate the proposed technique on a ring oscillator based PLL, providing comparisons against prior linear macromodels and against full spice-level simulations. Speedups of three orders of magnitude are obtained over full SPICE-level simulation, with larger speedups expected for PLLs with more devices and nodes.
Information Technology and Organizational Capability - What Chandler Would Think Today?

Organizational capability has been regarded as one of the principle sources of sustainable competitive advantage and the foundation for strategy formulation. Meanwhile, many anecdotal evidences have indicated that information technology (IT) is playing a very important role in building an organization’s capabilities. Although there has been a myriad of research on how IT could help in today’s fierce business competition, a theoretical foundation regarding the relationship between IT and organizational capability is still missing. This paper attempts to fill this void by borrowing Chandler’s points of view toward organizational capability.
Successful Implementation of a Packed Red Blood Cell and Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion Protocol in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Background Blood product transfusions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine if implementation of a restrictive protocol for packed red blood cell (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion safely reduces blood product utilization and costs in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Study design We performed a retrospective, historical control analysis comparing before (PRE) and after (POST) implementation of a restrictive PRBC/FFP transfusion protocol for SICU patients. Univariate analysis was utilized to compare patient demographics and blood product transfusion totals between the PRE and POST cohorts. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to determine if implementation of the restrictive transfusion protocol is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes after controlling for age, illness severity, and total blood products received. Results 829 total patients were included in the analysis (PRE, n=372; POST, n=457). Despite higher mean age (56 vs. 52 years, p=0.01) and APACHE II scores (12.5 vs. 11.2, p=0.006), mean units transfused per patient were lower for both packed red blood cells (0.7 vs. 1.2, p=0.03) and fresh frozen plasma (0.3 vs. 1.2, p=0.007) in the POST compared to the PRE cohort, respectively. There was no difference in inpatient mortality between the PRE and POST cohorts (7.5% vs. 9.2%, p=0.39). There was a decreased risk of urinary tract infections (OR 0.47, 95%CI 0.28-0.80) in the POST cohort after controlling for age, illness severity and amount of blood products transfused. Conclusions Implementation of a restrictive transfusion protocol can effectively reduce blood product utilization in critically ill surgical patients with no increase in morbidity or mortality.
The impact of insurance type and forced discontinuity on the delivery of primary care

BACKGROUND The effect of managed care on important attributes of primary care is poorly understood. Of particular concern is the potential for annual bidding on managed care contracts, which may cause forced discontinuity of care. We examined the effect of insurance type and insurance-mandated disruption in continuity of care on the quality of primary care. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used to examine 1839 patient visits to 138 community-based primary care physicians. The quality of primary care delivery was measured with the Components of Primary Care Instrument, a patient-reported indicator of physician knowledge of the patient, interpersonal communication, coordination of care, continuity of care, and patients' preference to see their regular physician. RESULTS No significant differences in any of the five indicators of primary care quality were found between patients with independent provider association/preferred provider organization (IPA/PPO) and fee-for-service insurance. Patients with IPA/PPO health insurance were four times as likely as patients with fee-for-service insurance to report a forced change in their primary care physician (P < or = .01). Individuals forced to change their physician because of changes in their health care insurance scored significantly lower on all five indicators of primary care quality (P < or = .01). CONCLUSIONS The quality of primary care appears to be less dependent on the payment system than on the maintenance of the patient-physician relationship. Forced disruption of continuity of care is detrimental to patient receipt of quality primary care, and is a potential negative consequence of annual bidding for managed care contracts.
EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON PATCH USE BY BUTTERFLIES AND SKIPPERS (LEPIDOPTERA)

We conducted an experimental study to assess the effects of habitat frag- mentation on patch use by butterflies and skippers. Five fragmentation treatments (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% habitat remaining) were replicated five times by selectively mowing 15 X 15 m patches of an old field. Community and species responses to frag- mentation were tested against several alternative predictions: (1) the proportional area hypothesis, in which species richness or abundance declines linearly with habitat area, (2) the patch heterogeneity hypothesis, in which richness or abundance peaks at intermediate levels of fragmentation, (3) the critical threshold hypothesis, in which a nonlinear decrease in richness or abundance occurs below some critical level of habitat loss, and (4) the patch quality hypothesis, in which declines in richness or abundance with increasing habitat loss are partially offset by the resource value of the remnant habitat. We found that fragmentation treatment significantly affected species richness and total number of patch visits for the overall community, as well as the numbers of patch visits by individual species. Community and species responses were linearly related to the amount of habitat remaining, as predicted by the proportional area model of fragmentation. We also found that plots with a higher cover of flowering forbs received greater patch use. Thus, the effects of habitat quantity (patch area) and habitat quality (flower cover) were inde- pendent and additive, suggesting that moderately sized patches of high resource quality may be equivalent to large patches of lower quality. Therefore, to maintain local population densities of Lepidoptera, it may be possible to compensate for losses in habitat area with improvements in habitat quality. Species did not uniformly respond to fragmentation. Rare species were disproportion- ately affected by fragmentation and did not occur in patches with <40% habitat remaining. Several common species appeared unaffected by fragmentation; however other common species were also significantly influenced by fragmentation treatment. These findings sup- port the notion that rare species may be especially vulnerable to fragmentation, but it could be quite difficult to predict a priori how more common species will respond to habitat loss.
Hydrocephalus and aquaporins: lessons learned from the bench.

Purpose Hydrocephalus is a common disorder of defective cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) turnover. The identification of the aquaporin water channels (AQPs) led to the study of their role in the composition of biological fluids including CSF. The purpose of this study is to review the potential role of aquaporins in the pathogenesis, compensation, and possibly treatment of hydrocephalus.
Somatic chromosomes of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

The chromosome complement of 2 male and 15 female adult squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) have been studied in peripheral blood and kidney cultures and bone marrow preparations. The diploid chromosome number is 44. Six of the chromosome pairs are metacentric (isobrachial), 9 pairs submetacentric (heterobrachial) and the remaining 6 pairs are acrocentric (cephalobrachial). The X chromosome is the longest submetacentric (heterobrachial), ranking 5 in order of decreasing size. The Y chromosome is the smallest acrocentric (cephalobrachial) of the complement. A female and male karyotype is presented.
Automated Planning and Optimization of Machining Processes: A Systems Approach

Abstract A system is presented that combines the automated planning and optimization functions in machining processes. The planning function is performed by a systematic analysis of the stated requirements of the finished part in the light of information on available machining facilities and raw materials. The optimization phase utilizes a mathematical programming model to take into account various costs and constraints under alternative machining conditions. A gradient or “hill-climbing” algorithm is shown to be a convenient optimization technique for this class of problems. Implementation of the system is illustrated in some detail for the case of the face milling process.
DENSITY DEPENDENCE OF THE SPECTRAL DIELECTRIC FUNCTION ACROSS A FANO RESONANCE

We study the effects of photocarrier density on a magnetically induced Fano resonance in GaAs, using a combined phase-amplitude transmission spectroscopy technique. By comparing our results to an extension of the Fano model we measure the relative contributions of two, usually undistinguished, effects of the photocarriers: the screening of the inter-Landau-level Coulomb coupling, and the induced collisional broadening of the coupled discrete-state/continuum natural linewidth.
Has diversity increased in orthopaedic residency programs since 1995

Background Diversity among health professionals is believed to be an important step toward improving patient communication and addressing health disparities. Orthopaedic surgery traditionally has been overly represented by Caucasian males, and it remains one of the least racially and gender-diversified surgical subspecialties. As the US population becomes increasingly diverse, a concomitant increase in ethnic diversity and gender diversity is needed to ensure that all Americans receive high-quality, culturally competent health care.
Concerning Some Neotropical Stenopodinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera)

The five new species described in this paper are based on specimens in my own collection and in that of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan. My sincere thanks for the privilege of studying this last material are due to Doctors J. Speed Rogers, Director, and Theodore H. Hubbell, Curator of Insects, of that Museum. I wish also to thank Doctor R. J. Izzard, of the British Museum (Natural History), and Doctor Henry Dietrich, of Cornell University, the former for his obliging cooperation in comparing two of these species with types of species described by Walker and by Champion and for furnishing me comparative notes on them, the latter for his kindness in facilitating my study of the types of Diaditus latulus Barber.
Modeling white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus population control by contraception

Abstract Large populations of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus present conservation problems in suburban landscapes because of limited population control options. We used the GAPPS II modeling system to simulate temporal effects of contraception on deer population control and the interaction between contraception and uncertain immigration rates. Contraception rates less than 50% of female deer curbed population growth with a long (30 year) planning horizon, but did not reduce the size of the population. A minimal contraception rate of 50% was necessary to reduce population size, but even with contraception rates > 50% a 5–10 year planning horizon was necessary to see significant population declines in a closed population. Variability among simulations with the same contraception rate was high and suggests difficulty in detecting population changes in the field. This difficulty could pose management problems because contraception is most economically applicable for smaller populations. For an open population, population size was a non-linear function of contraception and immigration rates. Contraception does not seem a viable option for an open population unless a landscape-level conservation strategy is implemented to control metapopulation growth.
Collapse of structure in sepiolite and other layered silicate systems

Abstract Collapse of structure due to removal of water from sepiolite and other layered silicates was studied. Data from three systems - sepiolite, hydrated C 3 S, and hydrated portland cement - are presented. Changes in mechanical properties and helium flow characteristics were correlated with collapse processes in sepiolite. Similarities in helium flow characteristics of the three systems are discussed to elucidate the role of decomposition processes in microstructural collapse. The sepiolite system appears to have potential as a model for the study of collapse processes in other cementitious systems.
A mass spectrometric study on the in vitro methylation of HMGA1a and HMGA1b proteins by PRMTs : Methylation specificity, the effect of binding to AT-rich duplex DNA, and the effect of C-terminal phosphorylation

HMGA1a and HMGA1b are members of one subfamily of non-histone chromosomal high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. They bind to various DNA-related substrates, including the minor groove of AT-rich duplex DNA sequences, and have been postulated to be architectural transcription factors functioning in a wide variety of cellular processes. Post-translational modifications of HMGA1 proteins, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation, are widely observed in tumor cells in vivo and correlated with the modulation of protein function. Here, we investigated the in vitro methylation of recombinant human HMGA1a and HMGA1b proteins by three members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family: PRMT1, PRMT3, and PRMT6. PRMT1 and PRMT3 showed a preference for methylating arginine residues in the first AT-hook of HMGA1 proteins, whereas PRMT6 methylated mainly residues in the second AT-hook. The initial sites of methylation catalyzed by PRMT1 and PRMT3 were mapped by tandem mass spectrometry to be Arg25 and Arg23, respectively, while we confirmed that the initial sites of methylation catalyzed by PRMT6 were at Arg57 and Arg59. Our results also revealed that binding of HMGA1 proteins to AT-rich duplex DNA, but not GC-rich duplex DNA, significantly inhibited the methylation efficiency of all of the PRMTs toward HMGA1 proteins. Moreover, C-terminal constitutive phosphorylation of HMGA1 proteins induced by protein kinase CK2 did not have any appreciable effect on the in vitro methylation of HMGA1. Our results suggest that PRMT1 might be involved in the previously reported methylation of Arg25 in HMGA1a in vivo.
Attribution of the Extreme U.S. East Coast Snowstorm Activity of 2010

AbstractThis study examines the cause of the extreme snowstorm activity along the U.S. East Coast during the winter of 2009/10 with a focus on the role of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The study employs the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) run at high resolution and forced with specified observed or idealized SST. Comparisons are made with the winter of 1999/2000, a period that is characterized by SST anomalies that are largely of opposite sign.When forced with observed SSTs, the AGCM response consists of a band of enhanced storminess extending from the central subtropical North Pacific, across the southern United States, across the North Atlantic, and across southern Eurasia, with reduced storminess to the north of these regions. Positive precipitation and cold temperature anomalies occur over the eastern United States, reflecting a propensity for enhanced snowstorm activity. Additional idealized SST experiments show that the anoma...
Regulatory effects of estriol on T cell migration and cytokine profile: inhibition of transcription factor NF-κB

The protective role of pregnancy in autoimmune conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), is potentially associated with immune regulation by sex hormones produced during pregnancy. This study was undertaken to examine the regulatory effects of estriol on the T cell functions, including transmigration and the cytokine production. The results revealed for the first time that estriol significantly inhibited T cell transmigration at a concentration range typical of pregnancy, which correlated with decreased T cell expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Estriol was also found to alter the cytokine profile of T cells toward Th2 phenotype by up-regulating the production of IL-10 and inhibiting TNFα secretion of T cells. However, the inhibitory effects of estriol on T cells were not antigen-dependent. Further characterization indicated that estriol inhibited nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), which controls a variety of immune-related genes. This study provides new evidence that estriol is a potent regulator for the T cell functions potentially through its interaction with the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Bringing creativity into the classroom : Using sociology to write first-person fiction

Dans cet article, les AA. font part de l'interet pedagogique des scenari ecrits par les etudiants. Les AA. expliquent ici comment, a travers un cours de sociologie du travail, les etudiants se projettent 10 ans en avant, a la premiere personne d'un scenario de vie professionnelle. Il est question des structures organisationnelles des lieux de travail, des relations sociales et de l'equilibre profession/famille, ainsi que de l'importance de l'imagination sociologique au sein de la discipline
Classifying Married Adults Diagnosed With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Based on Spousal Communication Patterns Using Latent Class Analysis: Insights for Intervention

Married adults are increasingly exposed to test results that indicate an increased genetic risk for adult-onset conditions. For example, a SERPINA1 mutation, associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), predisposes affected individuals to diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, which are often detected in adulthood. Married adults are likely to discuss genetic test results with their spouses, and interpersonal research suggests that spouses’ communication patterns differ. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of spousal communication patterns about AATD results from a sample of married adults in the Alpha-1 Research Registry (N = 130). A five-class model was identified, and the subgroups were consistent with existing spousal-communication typologies. This study also showed that genetic beliefs (e.g., genetic stigma), emotions, and experiences (e.g., insurance difficulties) covaried with membership in particular subgroups. Understanding these differences can serve as the foundation for the creation of effective, targeted communications interventions to address the specific needs and conversational patterns of different kinds of couples.
Cell Surface Adenosine Deaminase Binds and Stimulates Plasminogen Activation on 1-LN Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is expressed intracellularly by all cells, but in some tissues, it is also associated with the cell surface multifunctional glycoprotein CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV. By modulating extracellular adenosine, this "ecto-ADA" may regulate adenosine receptor signaling implicated in various cellular functions. CD26 is expressed on the surface of human prostate cancer 1-LN cells acting as a receptor for plasminogen (Pg). Since ADA and Pg bind to CD26 at distinct but nearby sites, we investigated a possible interaction between these two proteins on the surface of 1-LN cells. Human ADA binds to CD26 on the surface 1-LN cells and immobilized CD26 isolated from the same cells with similar affinity. In both cases, ADA binding is diminished by mutation of ADA residues known to interact with CD26. ADA was also found to bind Pg 2 in the absence of CD26 via the Pg kringle 4 (K4) domain. In the presence of 1-LN cells or immobilized CD26, exogenous ADA enhances conversion of Pg 2 to plasmin by 1-LN endogenous urinary plasminogen activator (u-PA), as well as by added tissue Pg Activator (t-PA), suggesting that ADA and Pg bind simultaneously to CD26 in a ternary complex that stimulates the Pg activation by its physiologic activators. Consistent with this, in melanoma A375 cells that bind Pg, but do not express CD26, the rate of Pg activation was not affected by ADA. Thus, ADA may be a factor regulating events in prostate cancer cells that occur when Pg binds to the cell surface and is activated.
Frequency-domain imaging of thick tissues using a CCD

Imaging of thick tissue has been an area of active research during the past several years. Among the methods proposed to deal with the high scattering of biological tissues, the time resolution of a short light probe traversing a tissue seems to be the most promising. Time resolution can be achieved in the time domain using correlated single photon counting techniques or in the frequency domain using phase resolved methods. We have developed a CCD camera system which provides ultra high time resolution on the entire field of view. The phase of the photon diffusion wave traveling in the highly turbid medium can be measured with an accuracy of about one degree at each pixel. The camera has been successfully modulated at frequencies on the order of 100 MHz. At this frequency, one degree of phase shift corresponds to about 30 ps maximum time resolution. Powerful image processing software displays in real time the phase resolved image on the computer screen.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of osmotic release oral system methylphenidate in adults with ADHD with assessment of oppositional and emotional dimensions of the disorder.

BACKGROUND The realization that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood has led to increased frequency of diagnosis and treatment in adults. Osmotic release oral system (OROS) methylpheni-date is a long-acting stimulant demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. METHOD Forty-seven adults entered and 41 completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of OROS methylphenidate. Each double-blind arm lasted 4 weeks; data were collected from August 2004 through December 2005. Subjects met both DSM-IV-TR and Utah Criteria for ADHD in adults. Outcome measures included the Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (WRAADDS), the adult ADHD-Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I). At baseline, subjects were categorized as having significant emotional symptoms with the WRAADDS and/or significant oppositional-defiant symptoms using a self-report scale assessing the DSM-IV criteria for oppositional defiant disorder. RESULTS 17% of the sample (N = 8) had ADHD alone, 38% (N = 18) had ADHD plus significant emotional symptoms, and 40% (N = 19) had ADHD with both significant emotional and oppositional symptoms. At a mean +/- SD dose of 64.0 +/- 23.3 (0.75 mg/kg), OROS methylphenidate proved superior to placebo for all clinical measures: total WRAADDS score decrease of 42% versus 13%, respectively, p < .001 and total ADHD-RS score decrease of 41% versus 14%, respectively, p = .003, plus the subscales addressing inattention, hyperactivity/ impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS OROS methylphenidate proved effective in treating adult ADHD. ADHD alone was relatively uncommon. Over 80% of our patients had ADHD with a combination of emotional and/or oppositional symptoms.
METHYL FORMATE ON AG(111). 1. THERMAL ADSORPTION-DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS AND ALIGNMENT IN MONOLAYERS

On Ag(111), there is no evidence that methyl formate dosed at or below 120 K dissociates during adsorption and subsequent thermal desorption. Temperature-programmed desorption distinguishes monolayer (145 K) and multilayer (135 K) HCOOCH3 and DCOOCD3 desorption peaks, indicating a weak adsorbate−substrate interaction (ca. 37.4 kJ mol-1 desorption activation energy) that is only slightly stronger than the adsorbate−adsorbate interaction. The relative intensities of vibrational bands detected in reflection−absorption infrared spectra vary significantly with coverage and are consistent with adsorption in a thermodynamically stable cis form. HCOOCH3 and DCOOCD3 spectra for monolayer coverages show no modes with a‘‘ symmetry, as expected when the molecular symmetry plane lies perpendicular to the Ag(111) surface. The relative intensities of modes with a‘ symmetry indicate that the carbonyl (CO) axis is tilted from the surface plane, the CH3 group points toward the substrate, and the C−O bond of the interior es...
A norm estimate for an integral operator

The purpose of this note is to prove the following theorem for : stimating the norm of an integral operator of a general type. This estimate is needed in the accompanying paper. [3] The scalar case...
Current densities and operator phenomenology on the light cone

Abstract For any inclusive or exclusive process, which is determined by a matrix element of two current densities, in general a large number of different limits of the Bjorken type for the invariant variables can be found leading to light cone diminance. The same is true for certain semi-hadronic processes at low external momenta, but with the emphasis on the ultra-violet region for the internal integration. We propose to include in the general light cone expansion of two current densities - to be used in conjunction with the limits mentioned above - besides the vector and axial-vector current densities, also the other Dirac densities (scalar, pseudoscalar, tensor). The formalism describes then half integer powers in corrections to scaling laws as well.
Review: Late percutaneous coronary intervention after AMI improves survival more than optimal medical therapy

Source Citation Abbate A, Biondi-Zoccai GG, Appleton DL, et al. Survival and cardiac remodeling benefits in patients undergoing late percutaneous coronary intervention of the infarct-related artery...
A Novel Magnetic Relaxation-Based Platform for Hydration Monitoring

Hydration state has long been of interest to the military due to its importance in the relationship between physiological indexes and heat exhaustion. The need for hydration monitoring and assessment exists for civilian applications as well. An accurate evaluation of the hydration state in congestive heart failure patients is essential for the correct dose of the diuretic to be prescribed. Current hydration monitoring methods, however, are either unreliable, or require invasive and costly measurement techniques. We investigate in this paper a novel method with the potential for noninvasive and rapid determination of the hydration state of an individual based on nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements. Feasibility studies are performed based on murine models of dehydration and specific tissues of interest for noninvasive screening are determined. The established platform can be employed for developing a portable hydration sensor for accurate and real-time monitoring of the hydration state.
Charge-density-wave transport in quasi-one-dimensional conductors. II. ac-dc interference phenomena.

We present a detailed experimental study of ac-dc interference phenomena in charge-density-wave (CDW) transport. Harmonic and subharmonic ``steps'' of constant CDW current are observed when ac and dc voltages are applied together, and the widths of these steps exhibit Bessel-like oscillations as a function of both ac amplitude and frequency. We now observe similar oscillations in the dc threshold field, and thereby complete the analogy between these phenomena and similar effects in Josephson junctions. By minimizing crystal defects and contact effects, we have obtained complete harmonic and subharmonic phase locking in very long ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ crystals under a broad range of conditions, including cases where the total time-dependent voltage remains above the dc threshold ${V}_{T}$. We analyze our experimental results with a single-coordinate model used previously to account for subharmonic steps. It is based on the tunneling theory and assumes CDW motion in a highly nonsinusoidal pinning potential. This model provides an excellent and semiquantitative account of all our results; it also provides a detailed interpretation of interference features observed in the ac conductance, electric-field-induced anomalies observed in the CDW elastic response, and the inductive loops observed in phase-space plots of the CDW's response to ac fields. The quality of the agreement provides strong evidence both for an effective pinning potential of the proposed form and for a single-degree-of-freedom description of CDW transport.
Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups

Swahn, M., Haberlen, M., & Palmier, J. (2014). Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 289-295. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.171 Aims: The study seeks to determine perceptions of and contexts for risky behaviors among street and slum youth in Kampala, through focus groups. Design: Three 90-minute focus groups were conducted in Luganda (local language) to ask specific questions on alcohol and drug-related behaviors among youth in the slums. Setting: Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers for disadvantaged youth in Kampala. Participants: 31 participants, aged 14 to 24 years. Measures: The focus group probes were based on the World Health Organization report “Working With Street Children: Module 5: Determining the Needs and Problems of Street Children—A Training Package on Substance Use, Sexual and Reproductive Health Including HIV/AIDS and STDs.” Findings: Results show that these youth engage in a number of risky behaviors, including alcohol and drug abuse, fighting and weapon carrying, delinquency, prostitution and unsafe sexual behaviors. Conclusions: The study provides context for risky behaviors in this population, which can provide useful insights and help to guide resource allocation and intervention planning for services that seek to reduce adverse health outcomes in this vulnerable population, particularly those related to alcohol and drug use.
Dynamic Response of a High Pressure Hydrogen Generator

Hydrogen generation from catalyzed solutions of sodium borohydride has been demonstrated experimentally up to 10 MPa. Sodium borohydride solutions are nonflammable, stable in basic solution, and offer a volumetric hydrogen density of 63.2 gH2/l. In the presented work, the reaction rate data for catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium borohydride solutions as a function of hydrogen static pressure are coupled with a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells model. It has been shown that the elevated hydrogen pressure can bring the solution to equilibrium and tends to return to equilibrium upon pressure decrease. The model considers hydrogen demand from a fuel cell and the response of the high pressure hydrogen generator in terms of a mass balance. It is shown that 2–4 g of Co3B is adequate to hydrolyze 60 l of 30 wt %NaBH4 solution.
Effects of drugs on uptake of isotopic norepinephrine by cat tissues.

PREVIOUS experiments have shown that catecholamines enter tissue slices both by simple diffusion and by a concentrating mechanism that can be demonstrated in brain, heart and spleen, but not in muscle or liver, when these tissues are incubated with physiological concentrations of isotopic epinephrine or norepinephrine1,2. The uptake by the concentrating mechanism is maximal in media containing 10–25 mµgm. of norepinephrine per ml. and is inhibited by reserpine and ouabain. At concentrations of norepinephrine greater than 200 mµgm. per ml., uptake by the concentrating mechanism becomes negligible in comparison to the amount entering by diffusion and the effect of reserpine is no longer demonstrable.
The Impact of a Pedagogy of Teacher Education Seminar on Educator and Future Teacher Educator Identities

Educators require support as they move from classroom to higher education settings. This collaborative self-study provides insight into one such support space, a doctoral seminar titled Pedagogy of Teacher Education, and how our identities as educators and future teacher educators developed through participation in the course. Several important themes emerged as we negotiated and adopted new identities as educators, and future teacher educators and researchers. These themes include our development of a collaborative mindset, a teacher educator-researcher perspective, and a critical self-awareness. The findings draw on our professional and personal histories to explore the prominent features that influenced and shaped our identities as educators and future teacher educator-researchers. In sharing our development as educators and future teacher educators, this article provides insights into the ways in which doctoral students in education begin to develop their identities and pedagogies through guided suppo...
The Individual Regulation Component of Group Emotional Intelligence: Measure Development and Validation

Counseling work is increasingly conducted in team format. The methods counseling teams use to manage the emotional component of their group life, or their group emotional intelligence, have been proposed as significantly contributing to group member trust, cooperation, and ultimate performance. Item development, exploratory factor analysis, and evidence of validity for the Group Emotional Intelligence Individual Regulation (GEIQ–IR) scale are described. Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors to describe group emotional regulation of its members: Caring Orientation, Confronting Members, and Ground Rules. Reliability and evidence of validity were strong.
Teratogenesis and inhibition of DNA synthesis induced in rat embryos by cytosine arabinoside.

Pregnant Wistar rats were injected at day 12 of gestation with 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg cytosine arabinoside. One to 27 hours later 3H-thymidine was also injected followed 2 hours later by surgical removal of one uterine horn. The remaining horn was left in situ until day 20 for evaluation of embryotoxicity (malformation, death, or growth retardation). Half of the embryos in the removed horn were prepared individually for whole-embryo scintillation counts and the other half were homogenized and treated with perchloric acid, of which the acid-insoluble fraction was quantitated for 3H-thymidine incorporation by scintillation counting. Other pregnant rats were treated with cytosine arabinoside and allowed to continue to day 20 without further treatment. Twenty-day fetuses from females given cytosine arabinoside at day 12 showed dose related malformation and growth retardation but not death following 50 to 200 mg/kg. These effects were more severe when treatment was followed by thymidine injection and partial hysterectomy. The latter procedures revealed striking and dose related suppression of DNA synthesis evidenced by 3H-thymidine incorporation 1 to 27 hours after cytosine-arabinoside injection. Embryotoxic effects in 20-day fetuses were more closely related to the cumulative suppression of DNA synthesis caused by a given dosage than with either the level at any one posttreatment interval or the duration of the suppression. Although all dosages caused reduction in the rate of DNA synthesis to less than 25% of control rate 1 hour following treatment, after the smaller dosages recovery to control rate occurred by 15 hours whereas after 200 mg/kg recovery was not complete even after 27 hours. Surprisingly, 12-day rat embryos exhibited suppression of DNA synthesis of between 25 and 75% of control rate for up to 9 hours with little effect being apparent in 20-day fetuses.
Transfer of learning: beyond common elements

An experiment on transfer of learning using text editors revealed significant differences in performance, based on the learning experience of the subjects. The set of commands of a text editor was divided into four subsets. Different groups of subjects learned these subsets in different orders. Depending on the order of learning, subjects formed different concepts of the editor as manifest by their choice of commands, their errors, and their model of the editor, elicited by a sorting task. Pragmatic production model approaches to transfer would need significant enhancement to accommodate this result.
The Relationship of Gender to Perceived Stress and Distress in Medical School

This study focused on gender differences in perceived stress and distress in response to the pre-clinical years of medical school. Females (N = 248) reported significantly more anxiety than males (N = 345); however, the 2 groups reported similar levels of depression and self-esteem. Females had significantly higher scores than males on such perceived stressors as: isolation in the school environment, faculty hostility, administrative obstacles, and expectations about enduring the demanding role of the physician. Females also reported more symptoms of depression in response to stressors involving the school environment. These results reinforce anecdotal papers which have discussed the special difficulties females have in a traditionally male-oriented medical environment.
Transaction Models for Web Accessibility

The Web has evolved into a dominant digital medium for conducting many types of online transactions such as shopping, paying bills, making travel plans, etc. Such transactions typically involve a number of steps spanning several Web pages. For sighted users these steps are relatively straightforward to do with graphical Web browsers. But they pose tremendous challenges for visually impaired individuals. This is because screen readers, the dominant assistive technology used by visually impaired users, function by speaking out the screen's content serially. Consequently, using them for conducting transactions can cause considerable information overload. But usually one needs to browse only a small fragment of a Web page to do a step of a transaction (e.g., choosing an item from a search results list). Based on this observation this paper presents a model-directed transaction framework to identify, extract and aurally render only the "relevant" page fragments in each step of a transaction. The framework uses a process model to encode the state of the transaction and a concept model to identify the page fragments relevant for the transaction in that state. We also present algorithms to mine such models from click stream data generated by transactions and experimental evidence of the practical effectiveness of our models in improving user experience when conducting online transactions with non-visual modalities.
Performance of potato peels in muffins and cookies

Abstract Potato peels produced as a by-product of potato processing have potential use as a dietary fiber supplement in baked foods. Both extruded and unextruded potato peels were used as a 25% weight replacement for wheat flour in cinnamon muffins. Muffins with peels were darker, lower in height, and more resistant to compression. An experienced sensory panel found no significant differences between types of peels for shape, color, odor, and flavor, but muffins with extruded peeels were less cohesive. Oatmeal cookies with 10% or 15% peels (w/w) were darker, harder and smaller in diameter than control cookies. Although sensory panelists detected differences in color and flavor between cookies with no peels and those with 10% peels, there was no difference between types of peels. During 4 weeks of storage at 21°C, all cookie formulations became harder, although differences between control cookies and those with peels decreased with time. Lower peroxide values were found for cookies with peels throughout the storage period, particularly those with 15% extruded peels. Potato peels, particularly extruded peels which have reduced glycoalkaloid levels, offer bakers the ability to prolong shelf-life while increasing dietary fiber content.
Impact of pelvic floor disorders and prolapse on female sexual function and response.

Pelvic floor disorders and FSD are prevalent and challenging problems. These disorders include prolapse of the uterus, cervix, vagina, bladder, and rectum and incontinence. These diseases likely affect women's sexual well-being through physical and emotional effects. Women with pelvic floor disorders often have co-existing urologic and sexual complaints. Patients who present with these urologic problems should be questioned about their sexual function. Surgical treatment in these patients may be curative of their sexual disorders (e.g., by repairing incontinence) but may also have undesired effects on sensation, blood flow, and the anatomy. These effects can affect sexual arousal and orgasm or cause dyspareunia. It is hoped that a better understanding of the anatomy of this area will guide us in a more targeted approach to management of these conditions.
The Vaccinia Virus Bifunctional Gene J3 (Nucleoside-2′-O-)-methyltransferase and Poly(A) Polymerase Stimulatory Factor Is Implicated as a Positive Transcription Elongation Factor by Two Genetic Approaches

Vaccinia virus genes A18 and G2 affect the elongation and termination of postreplicative viral gene transcription in opposite ways. Viruses with mutations in gene A18 produce abnormally long transcripts, indicating that A18 is a negative transcription elongation factor. Viruses containing mutations in gene G2 produce transcripts that are abnormally short, truncated specifically from their 3' ends, indicating that G2 is a positive transcription elongation factor. Despite the fact that both A18 and G2 are essential genes, A18-G2 double-mutant viruses are viable, presumably because the effects of the mutations are mutually compensatory. In addition, the anti-poxviral drug isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone (IBT) seems to enhance elongation during a vaccinia infection: IBT treatment of a wildtype vaccinia infection induces a phenotype identical to an A18 mutant infection, and G2 mutant viruses are dependent on IBT for growth, presumably because IBT restores the G2 mutant truncated transcripts to a normal length. These observations inspire two independent genetic selections that have now been used to identify an additional vaccinia gene, J3, that regulates postreplicative transcription elongation. In the first selection, a single virus that contains an extragenic suppressor of the A18 temperature-sensitive mutant, Cts23, was isolated. In the second selection, several spontaneous IBT-dependent (IBT(d)) mutant viruses were isolated and characterized genetically. Marker rescue mapping and DNA sequence analysis show that the extragenic suppressor of Cts23 contains a point mutation in the J3 gene, while each of seven new IBT(d) mutants contains null mutations in the J3 gene. The J3 protein has previously been identified as a (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase and as a processivity subunit for the heterodimeric viral poly(A) polymerase. The nature of the two independent selections used to isolate the J3 mutants strongly suggests that the J3 protein serves as a positive postreplicative transcription elongation factor during a normal virus infection.
The Effects of Shuttle Programs upon the Growth of Broilers and the Development of Immunity to Eimeria Species

Abstract A floor-pen trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different shuttle programs upon the growth of broilers to 8 wk of age. Nicarbazin, halofuginone, and robenidine, when included in the starter feed for 3 wk, were effective in preventing lesions due to Eimeria. The effects of medication upon performance were apparent, medicated groups gaining more weight by 6 wk and having a lower feed conversion at 6, 7, and 8 wk than the unmedicated controls. There were no significant differences in body weight at 6, 7, or 8 wk or feed conversion at 6 or 7 wk among the medicated groups, whether medication was withdrawn for 7 or 14 days. A decrease in the number of small and medium oocysts in the litter was observed as the trial progressed. Few large oocysts (Eimeria maxima) were seen in the medicated groups. Numbers of oocysts did not increase following withdrawal of medication. Birds from all medicated groups were challenged at 6 wk with oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, or Eimeria tenella. Weight gains were similar to of the unchallenged controls, indicating that they had acquired immunity to these species of Eimeria.
Under the sea: microbial life in volcanic oceanic crust

Exploration of the microbiology in igneous, 'hard rock' oceanic crust represents a major scientific frontier. The igneous crust harbours the largest aquifer system on Earth, most of which is hydrologically active, resulting in a substantial exchange of fluids, chemicals and microorganisms between oceanic basins and crustal reservoirs. Study of the deep-subsurface biosphere in the igneous crust is technically challenging. However, technologies have improved over the past decade, providing exciting new opportunities for the study of deep-seated marine life, including in situ and cross-disciplinary experimentation in microbiology, geochemistry and hydrogeology. In this Progress article, we describe the recent advances, available technology and remaining challenges in the study of the marine intraterrestrial microbial life that is harboured in igneous oceanic crust.
SOCIAL ANTECEDENTS OF CHILDREN'S EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY: A SINGLE-SUBJECT EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

In a laboratory simulation, a single-subject design was used to examine the effects of two types of social influence on children's eyewitness testimony, which has not been the subject of systematic behavioral analyses. This study replicates and extends findings from group-comparison studies, and shows that a topic of pressing social importance is amenable to analysis at the individual level, and therefore, potentially, to a behavioral analysis.