cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pressure pain thresholds and musculoskeletal morbidity in automobile manufacturing workers

Objectives: Reduced pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) have been reported in occupational groups with symptoms of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether automobile manufacturing workers (n=460) with signs and symptoms of UEMSDs had reduced PPTs (greater sensitivity to pain through pressure applied to the skin) when compared with unaffected members of the cohort, which served as the reference group. The association of PPTs with symptom severity and localization of PE findings was investigated, as was the hypothesis that reduced thresholds would be found on the affected side in those with unilateral physical examination (PE) findings. Methods: PPTs were measured during the workday at 12 upper extremity sites. A PE for signs of UEMSDs and symptom questionnaire was administered. After comparison of potential covariates using t tests, linear regression multivariable models were constructed with the average of 12 sites (avgPPT) as the outcome. Results: Subjects with PE findings and/or symptoms had a statistically significant lower avgPPT than non-cases. AvgPPT was reduced in those with more widespread PE findings and in those with greater symptom severity (test for trend, P≤0.05). No difference between side-specific avgPPT was found in those with unilateral PE findings. Reduced PPTs were associated with female gender, increasing age, and grip strength below the gender-adjusted mean. After adjusting for the above confounders, avgPPT was associated with muscle/tendon PE findings and symptom severity in multivariable models. Conclusions: PPTs were associated with signs and symptoms of UEMSDs, after adjusting for gender, age and grip strength. The utility of this noninvasive testing modality should be assessed on the basis of prospective large cohort studies to determine if low PPTs are predictive of UEMSDs in asymptomatic individuals or of progression and spread of UEMSDs from localized to more diffuse disorders.
Trovafloxacin-Associated Leukopenia

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of trovafloxacin-associated leukopenia, which occurred in a trauma patient shortly after administration and resolved following discontinuation of the drug.CASE SUMMARY:A 79-year-old white man was admitted to Yale New Haven Hospital after sustaining partial amputation of his right lower leg by an industrial lawn mower. After successful resuscitation, he underwent complete right lower amputation and was treated with intravenous alatrofloxacin mesylate. He developed leukopenia that resolved after discontinuation of the drug.DISCUSSION:Trovafloxacin is a broad-spectrum synthetic fluoroquinolone used for a wide variety of bacterial infections. We report, for the first time in the English-language literature, a case of trovafloxacin-associated leukopenia. The leukopenia resolved promptly after discontinuation of the drug. This association is further supported by the exclusion of other potential causes for this adverse effect.CONCLUSIONS:Leukopenia is a well-recognized adverse effect o...
Control system design for parametric uncertainty

This paper introduces some recently developed frequency-domain design techniques that are effective in the design of control systems that are required to be robust under parametric uncertainty. We have extended the well-known classical control tools (i.e., Nyquist plot, Bode plot, and Nichols chart) developed for a fixed plant to the domain of families of plants where the uncertain parameter varies in intervals. Using this new family of plots, classical control design techniques can be used to design robust control systems. The technique is illustrated by examples.
Patients’ abstinence status affects the benefits of 12-step self-help group participation on substance use disorder outcomes

Abstract Background Studies measuring the effectiveness of 12-step self-help group attendance have yielded mixed results but none of the prior studies have accounted for the potential impact of interim abstinence status. Methods Participants were 1683 patients with substance use disorders (SUD) from 88 community residential facilities. Self-report data were collected at baseline and 1- and 4-year follow-ups, and included measures of SUD severity, social resources, coping, and 12-step self-help group attendance. We tested the hypothesis that 12-step self-help group attendance is more effective for non-abstinent patients than for abstinent patients. We also controlled for self-selection effects by using propensity score analyses and we cross-validated our results in a second sample of patients ( N = 2173). Results Sample 1 . Patients abstinent at 1-year post-treatment who attended 12-step self-help group meetings were no more likely to be abstinent at 4 years than abstinent patients who did not attend. However, for patients not abstinent at 1 year, a significant improvement in abstinence rates at 4 years emerged for those who attended 12-step self-help groups compared to those who did not (42% vs. 28.9%). A similar pattern emerged for SUD problems. There were no benefits from 12-step self-help group attendance for patients abstinent at 1 year, but non-abstinent patients who attended 12-step self-help groups had significantly fewer problems at 4 years. Sample 2 . The cross-validation yielded consistent results as 12-step self-help group attendance led to higher abstinence rates and fewer SUD problems only among patients non-abstinent at interim assessment. Conclusions Individual's abstinence status should be considered when evaluating the potential influence of 12-step self-help group attendance on SUD outcomes. In addition, increased clinical resources should focus on assessing patients after discharge and on improving linkage of non-abstinent patients to self-help groups.
Bayesian Classifiers Programmed in SQL

The Bayesian classifier is a fundamental classification technique. In this work, we focus on programming Bayesian classifiers in SQL. We introduce two classifiers: naive Bayes and a classifier based on class decomposition using K-means clustering. We consider two complementary tasks: model computation and scoring a data set. We study several layouts for tables and several indexing alternatives. We analyze how to transform equations into efficient SQL queries and introduce several query optimizations. We conduct experiments with real and synthetic data sets to evaluate classification accuracy, query optimizations, and scalability. Our Bayesian classifier is more accurate than naive Bayes and decision trees. Distance computation is significantly accelerated with horizontal layout for tables, denormalization, and pivoting. We also compare naive Bayes implementations in SQL and C++: SQL is about four times slower. Our Bayesian classifier in SQL achieves high classification accuracy, can efficiently analyze large data sets, and has linear scalability.
Non-invasive diagnosis of acute heart- or lung-transplant rejection using radiolabeled annexin V.

Background. Apoptosis is a ubiquitous set of cellular processes by which superfluous or unwanted cells are eliminated in the body without harming adjacent healthy tissues. When apoptosis is inappropriate (too little or too much), a variety of human diseases can occur, including acute heart or lung transplant rejection. Objective. Our group has developed a new radiopharmaceutical, radiolabeled annexin V, which can image apoptosis. Results and conclusion. Here we briefly review the biomolecular basis of apoptosis and its role in acute rejection. We also describe the possible use of radiolabeled annexin V to screen children noninvasively for acute rejection following organ transplantation.
Generalized LDPC codes with Reed-Solomon and BCH codes as component codes for binary channels

A generalized low-density parity check code (GLDPC) is a low-density parity check code in which the constraint nodes of the code graph are block codes, rather than single parity checks. In this paper, we study GLDPC codes which have BCH or Reed-Solomon codes as subcodes. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated on a BEC and BSC for infinite and finite code lengths. The analysis shows that the performance of the scheme on a BEC is poor compared to that of LDPC codes. However, the performance on a BSC is competitive to that of LDPC codes. Furthermore, results of the finite length analysis on a BEC can be used under certain conditions as a tight lower bound on the performance of the scheme on a BSC.
Signatures for Content Distribution with Network Coding

Recent research has shown that network coding can be used in content distribution systems to improve the speed of downloads and the robustness of the systems. However, such systems are very vulnerable to attacks by malicious nodes, and we need to have a signature scheme that allows nodes to check the validity of a packet without decoding. In this paper, we propose such a signature scheme for network coding. Our scheme makes use of the linearity property of the packets in a coded system, and allows nodes to check the integrity of the packets received easily. We show that the proposed scheme is secure, and its overhead is negligible for large files.
q -Analogues of Euler’s Odd = Distinct theorem

Two q-analogues of Euler’s theorem on integer partitions with odd or distinct parts are given. A q-lecture hall theorem is given.
Constructing force-closure grasps in 3D

This paper presents fast and simple algorithms for directly constructing force-closure grasps based on the shape of the grasped object. The synthesis of force-closure grasps constructs independent regions of contact for the fingertips, such that the motion of the grasped object is totally constrained. A force-closure grasp implies equilibrium grasps exist. In the reverse direction, we prove that non-marginal equilibrium grasps with at least two soft-finger contacts, or three hard-finger contacts with friction are also force-closure grasps.
Evaluating topographic wetness indices across central New York agricultural landscapes

Accurately predicting soil moisture patterns in the landscape is a persistent challenge. In humid regions, topo- graphic wetness indices (TWIs) are widely used to approxi- mate relative soil moisture patterns. However, there are many ways to calculate TWIs and very few field studies have eval- uated the different approaches - especially in the US. We calculated TWIs using over 400 unique formulations that considered different digital elevation model (DEM) resolu- tions (cell size), vertical precision of DEM, flow direction and slope algorithms, smoothing via low-pass filtering, and the inclusion of relevant soil properties. We correlated each TWI with observed patterns of soil moisture at five agricul- tural fields in central NY, USA, with each field visited five to eight times between August and November 2012. Using a mixed effects modeling approach, we were able to iden- tify optimal TWI formulations applicable to moderate relief agricultural settings that may provide guidance for practi- tioners and future studies. Overall, TWIs were moderately well correlated with observed soil moisture patterns; in the best case the relationship between TWI and soil moisture had an average R 2 and Spearman correlation value of 0.61 and 0.78, respectively. In all cases, fine-scale (3 m) lidar-derived DEMs worked better than USGS 10 m DEMs and, in general, including soil properties improved correlations.
Quantitative analysis of hMSC-seeded biological scaffolds using quantum dot nanoparticles

Adult myocardium has long been considered a post-mitotic tissue, incapable of self-repair after injury. Stem cells have recently been deployed with the hope that these undifferentiated cells might be induced to behave as functional cardiomyocytes. Stem cells can be delivered to the heart on a biological scaffold, but a challenge still remains in fully characterizing such engineered tissues. We use a novel method of labeling stem cells with quantum dot fluorescent nanoparticles (QDs) to visualize human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on an extracellular matrix. Images of QD-hMSCs are then quantitatively analyzed for determination of cell number and confluency.
The Guanylyl Cyclase-deficient Mouse Defines Differential Pathways of Natriuretic Peptide Signaling

A genetic model of salt-resistant hypertension has been developed recently through disruption of the guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) natriuretic peptide receptor gene (Lopez, M. J., Wong, S. K., Kishimoto, I., Dubois, S., Mach, V., Friesen, J., Garbers, D. L., and Beuve, A. (1995) Nature 378, 65-68). These genetically altered mice were used to determine which of the natural peptides with natriuretic peptide-like structures regulate blood pressure through the GC-A receptor. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) half-maximally relaxed precontracted aortic rings in wild-type mice at about 24 nM, but failed to relax such aortas in GC-A null mice, even at micromolar concentrations. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), in contrast, caused half-maximal relaxation at concentrations of 335 and 146 nM in aortas from either wild-type or null mice, respectively, suggesting that this peptide acted through a receptor other than GC-A. Since the in vitro results with aortic smooth muscle do not necessarily reflect the physiology of the smaller blood vessels important in blood pressure regulation, the blood pressures of conscious mice infused with the various peptides were determined. ANP caused decreases in blood pressure when infused at rates of 500 ng/kg/min, a rate which resulted in a plasma concentration of 0.8 nM. In the null mice, in contrast, ANP failed to lower blood pressure even at infusion rates of 50 microg/kg/min. Much higher infusion rates for CNP (50 microg/kg/min), which yielded final plasma concentrations of 18.3 nM, were required to lower blood pressure in wild-type mice, but the effects of CNP were not altered in GC-A null mice. Thus, two natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) act through GC-A whereas another (CNP) acts through another receptor to regulate blood pressure.
Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy: A Case Series and Review

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remain among the most understudied areas despite the recent advancement in medical care and management.1 Although most of this is ascribed to a pregnancy-specific disorder, preeclampsia, there is a paucity of data and few recommendations about another potentially disastrous hypertensive disorder, pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine producing tumor, with a reported incidence of <0.2 per 10 000 pregnancies.2 Despite its rarity, untreated pheochromocytomas carry a risk of mortality for both mother and fetus, as high as 58%.3 This may be attributed to several factors, such as the failure to detect the condition because of its extreme rarity, the tendency of these tumors to have varied presentations, and the fact that pregnancy may preclude certain imaging modalities and radioisotope testing.2,4,5 The enlarging uterus may also trigger tumor activity, in addition to the tendency for gravidas to undergo operative procedures on short notice.6 Thus, it is imperative that physicians who manage patients with pheochromocytoma familiarize themselves with special considerations in relation to pheochromocytoma during pregnancy. Focus should be directed toward understanding the indications of when women with chronic or de novo hypertension during gestation should undergo the special tests used to diagnose pheochromocytoma and how to manage the disease once diagnosed. This report surveys 6 pheochromocytomas managed at our institution, reviews the literature of pheochromocytomas, and presents recommendations on how to better suspect, detect, and manage these disorders in pregnant populations. We reviewed 6 cases of pheochromocytoma managed at the University of Chicago Medical Center between 1984 and 2009. Table 1 briefly summarizes their presentation and management. Two of these cases (cases 1 and 4) were published previously in detail but are presented to provide a more complete spectrum of presentation. View this table: Table 1. Summary of Cases ### Case 1 A 31-year–old black woman presented during gestational week 21 …
Sprouting by Pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. nutans) After Logging

After logging, 17% of the stumps left in pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. nutans) swamps produced sprouts that persisted for several years. Significantly more sprouts were present on stumps with diameters < 60 cm (perhaps left from younger trees) and shorter than 70 cm. Stumps in large openings and from trees cut in winter tended to have more sprouts than stumps left in thinned swamps and from trees cut during the summer. Sprout production provides a mechanism for rapM recovery of pondcypress and also ensures seed availability for subsequent regeneration after a swamp is clearcut. South. J. Appl. For. 20(4):209-213
Failure of the Clearinghouse: Dodd-Frank's Fatal Flaw?

Given the vital place of clearinghouses in Dodd-Frank, it is perhaps surprising that Dodd-Frank makes no provision for the failure of a clearinghouse. Indeed, it is arguable that the United States is not in compliance with its commitment to the G-20 on this point.Clearinghouses are presently excluded from the new Orderly Liquidation Authority under title II, title II and titles VII and VIII do not work well together in any event, and the notion that a derivatives clearinghouse might file a regular bankruptcy petition is farcical, given that Congress previously decided to exclude derivatives, and most securities trades, from the most important parts of the Bankruptcy Code. A clearinghouse might file, but there would be little point.And because clearinghouses are oddly defined as "commodities brokers" under the Bankruptcy Code, they are only permitted to file a chapter 7 liquidation cases. In this paper I suggest two likely outcomes upon the onset of clearinghouse financial distress. First, Congress will be tempted to adopt an ad hoc statutory solution. The fate of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two mortgage companies who were placed in a conservatorship in September 2008, shortly after Congress had created that possibility under the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, looms large here. But ad hoc solutions simply exacerbate uncertainty in times of financial distress, and are subject to litigation risk too. And the sudden creation of a specialized resolution process is really not anything more than a bailout, since any solution will require massive capital injections to save the clearinghouses. Again consider the mortgage companies, and the U.S. Treasury’s large preferred share holdings therein.So there will be a temptation to engage in direct bailout, despite Dodd-Frank’s claim to have ended bailouts. Bailouts of individual financial institutions may end, but bailouts of clearinghouses might become more common in a post-Dodd-Frank world. Given that most clearinghouses are themselves publicly traded companies, with strong connections to all the major banks, there are good reasons to wonder if we will not simply be bailing out a new type of financial institution in the future.What to do? I suggest that the government should nationalize the clearinghouses upon failure, and the intention to exercise this option should be made clear ex ante. That is, the government should expressly state that clearinghouses designated under title VIII of Dodd-Frank that ultimately fail will be nationalized, with specific consequences to investors, and an expectation of member participation in the recapitalization of the clearinghouse, once that becomes systemically viable. This should provide stakeholders in the clearinghouses with strong incentives to oversee the clearinghouse’s management, and avoid such a fate.
Observing ADA Software Components

The constant need to judge the reliability of software components does not end after the component is operational. Obtaining a history of a component’s performance requires the capability to observe and record the execution of a component. We examine various ways in which this can be done in the context of the Ada programming language. We discuss how the observation can be integrated with the software development environment.
Failure of liver to inactivate heparin.

SummaryEvidence obtained by 2 methods in the intact dog indicate that liver is not involved in terminating the anticoagulant action of exogenously administered heparin. Liver extracts reported to contain a heparin inactivating enzyme were found to influence heparin only by a binding mechanism.
Automatic Control of Cycling Induced by Functional Electrical Stimulation With Electric Motor Assistance

Cycling induced by automatic control of functional electrical stimulation provides a means of therapeutic exercise and functional restoration for people affected by paralysis. During cycling induced by functional electrical stimulation, various muscle groups are stimulated according to the cycle crank angle; however, because of kinematic constraints on the cycle-rider system, stimulation is typically only applied in a subsection of the crank cycle. Therefore, these systems can be considered as switched control systems with autonomous, state-dependent switching with potentially unstable modes. Previous studies have included an electric motor in the system to provide additional control authority, but no studies have considered the effects of switched control in the stability analysis of the motorized functional electrical stimulation cycling system. In this paper, a model of the motorized cycle-rider system with functional electrical stimulation is developed that includes the effects of a switched control input. A novel switching strategy for the electric motor is designed to only provide assistance in the regions of the crank cycle where the kinematic effectiveness of the rider's muscles is low. A switched sliding-mode controller is designed, and global, exponentially stable tracking of a desired crank trajectory is guaranteed via Lyapunov methods for switched systems, despite parametric uncertainty in the nonlinear model and unknown, time-varying disturbances. Experimental results from five able-bodied, passive riders are presented to validate the control design, and the developed control system achieves an average cadence tracking error of $0.00\pm 2.91$ revolutions per minute for a desired trajectory of 50 revolutions per minute.
Fully Automated Lipid Panel

The fully automated lipid panel described in this article is composed of four clinical tests—total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A- 1, and apolipoprotein B. A computer program was written to execute the simultaneous performance and evaluation of these methodologically dissimilar but clinically related tests. Diagnostic evaluation of the results for these tests was considered individually and together as a panel because the presence or absence of clinically meaningful patterns of lipid metabolism enhanced the usefulness of the individual tests. The sample volume for each profile test is less than 10 μL, there are no preparatory procedures, and all tests are highly accurate and can be performed for less than $3.00 per patient. Other apolipoprotein or enzyme tests measured at 340 nm may be added to the panel, making this approach suitable for detailed diagnostic examinations as well as clinical research.
Mechanical Properties of Water-Assembled Graphene Oxide Langmuir Monolayers: Guiding Controlled Transfer.

Liquid-phase transfer of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) monolayers is investigated from the perspective of the mechanical properties of these films. Monolayers are assembled in a Langmuir–Blodgett trough, and oscillatory barrier measurements are used to characterize the resulting compressive and shear moduli as a function of surface pressure. GO monolayers are shown to develop a significant shear modulus (10–25 mN/m) at relevant surface pressures while RGO monolayers do not. The existence of a shear modulus indicates that GO is acting as a two-dimensional solid driven by strong interaction between the individual GO sheets. The absence of such behavior in RGO is attributed to the decrease in oxygen moieties on the sheet basal plane, permitting RGO sheets to slide across one another with minimum energy dissipation. Knowledge of this two-dimensional solid behavior is exploited to successfully transfer large-area, continuous GO films to hydrophobic Au substrates. The key to successful tr...
Abstract 5211: Trends in the incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States from 1973-2012

Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer that usually develops in early childhood, typically before the age of 5. This study aims to determine the incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States over a 40-year period from 1973 to 2012 using a review of existing databases. Methods: 882 patients with retinoblastoma (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-3) codes C69.2 (retina) and C69.9 (eye, NOS)) were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database in the United States from 1973 to 2012, using the nine historical SEER registries with the earliest observation collections. Incidence rates were calculated per 1,000,000 children and age-adjusted using the United States Census Bureau data as the standard population. The significance of trend in the incidence rate over time was determined using the Chi-Square test, and 95% CIs were calculated. Descriptive statistics evaluated differences in incidence in terms of age group, gender, race and laterality. Surveillance was evaluated by analysis of diagnosis confirmation and reporting source. Results: There were a total of 882 cases of retinoblastoma, representing 6.1% of all childhood cancers under age 5 years. 49.1% of cases were males and 96% of all cases were children aged 0-4 years. The mean incidence of retinoblastoma was 12.14 cases per million children aged 0-4 years (95% CI 11.32 to 12.96) and 0.49 cases per million children aged 5-9 years (95% CI 0.36 to 0.65). There was no significant trend in the incidence for children aged 0-4 years old (Xsup2 = 35.455 p = 0.6324) or 5-9 years old (Xsup2 = 32.247 p = 0.7695) for all races/genders. The proportion of bilateral cases (28.9%) versus unilateral cases (71.1%) remained stable over the 40-year period. 85.6% of the cases were confirmed microscopically and hospitals represent 98.8% of the reporting sources. Conclusions: The incidence rate of retinoblastoma in the United States has remained stable for the last 40 years. The majority of the cases are unilateral, and hospitals are the main reporting source. Citation Format: Arthur G. Fernandes, Benjamin D. Pollock, Aaron E. Hoffman. Trends in the incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States from 1973-2012. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5211.
Specific Features of the Cavitation-Erosion Fracture of D16T Alloy with Galvanic Nickel and Ni–B Composite Coatings in Corrosive Media

We study the influence of galvanic nickel and Ni-B coatings on the durability of D16T alloy under the conditions of cavitation. The specimens with and without coatings were tested immediately after their deposition and after vacuum annealing at 200 and 420°C. It is shown that heat treatment of the alloy with coatings of this kind increases its resistance to cavitation-corrosion wear in a 3% NaCl solution by a factor of 1.5 as compared with the untreated alloy. We reveal the abnormal character of changes in the electrode potential of the heat-treated Ni–B coating under the influence of ultrasound, which demonstrates its high heterogeneity and inability to form continuous passive films.
Patterns of simultaneous and concurrent alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol and marijuana are the most commonly used substances among adolescents but little is known about patterns of co-use. Objectives: This study examined patterns of concurrent (not overlapping) and simultaneous (overlapping) use of alcohol and marijuana among adolescents. Methods: Data from US-national samples of 12th graders (N = 84,805, 48.4% female) who participated in the Monitoring the Future study from 1976 to 2016 and who used alcohol and/or marijuana in the past 12 months were used to identify latent classes of alcohol use, marijuana use, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use. Results: A four-class solution indicated four patterns of use among adolescents: (1) Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use with binge drinking and recent marijuana use (SAM-Heavier Use; 11.2%); (2) SAM use without binge drinking and with recent marijuana use (SAM-Lighter Use; 21.6%); (3) Marijuana use and alcohol use but no SAM use (Concurrent Use; 10.7%); and (4) Alcohol use but no m...
Enalapril reduced the incidence of heart failure and related hospitalization in left ventricular dysfunction

Source Citation SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med. 1...
DEFINING THE PUBLIC GOOD IN THE U.S. GILDED AGE, 1883–1898: “FREEDOM OF CONTRACT” VERSUS “INTERNAL POLICE” IN THE TORTURED HISTORY OF EMPLOYMENT LAW AND REGULATION

Long recognized as a case that left tenement cigar workers in New York City unprotected from hazards to their health, the New York State high court's In re Jacobs ruling in 1885 also raised anew disagreements regarding the extent of legislative powers known as “police” that were reserved to the states by the federal constitution. Upholding unfettered freedom of contract, the Jacobs ruling prevailed as a governing precedent through a string of related cases until its reversal in Holden v. Hardy, 1898, a working hours law for Utah miners and smelter workers. Between Jacobs and Holden, new thinking emerged on the meaning of class, the role of government, and the drivers of the wealth of nations. In Holden, drawing from Munn v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court located a public interest in sustaining the health and strength of such workers on the grounds that the entire public depended on their productive capacity to ensure the public good of a strong and growing state economy. This precedent did not hold for New York State bakers in Lochner v. New York, but it became controlling again in West Coast Hotel v. Parish, which elevated the broadened conception of “police” from Holden to the national level. As labor union membership along with other vital structures of the New Deal order have declined during the New Gilded Age, employment regulation has tended to relapse toward the individualist, contractarian regime of the Old Gilded Age announced in In re Jacobs.
Assessing Markov property in multistate transition models with applications to credit risk modeling

Multistate transition models are increasingly used in credit risk applications as they allow us to quantify the evolution of the process among different states. If the process is Markov, analysis and prediction are substantially simpler, so analysts would like to use these models if they are applicable. In this paper, we develop a procedure for assessing the Markov hypothesis and discuss different ways of implementing the test procedure. One issue when sample size is large is that the statistical test procedures will detect even small deviations from the Markov model when these differences are not of practical interest. To address this problem, we propose an approach to formulate and test the null hypothesis of “weak non‐Markov.” The situation where the transition probabilities are heterogeneous is also examined, and approaches to accommodate this case are indicated. Simulation studies are used extensively to study the properties of the procedures, and two applications are to illustrate the results.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Theory and Practice

Psychodynamic theory emerged from the psychoanalytic writings of Sigmund Freud. While it once referred to the unconscious conflict between the ego, id, and superego in the structural model, psychodynamic thinking has broadened to include other theories. In addition, there is greater emphasis today on the clinician's contributions to the therapeutic field, leading to a two-person psychology as well as an intrapsychic focus. Contemporary theories include object relations theory, self-psychology, attachment theory/mentalization, and postmodern models. Each of these psychodynamic theories provides a conceptual framework for therapists to help their patients understand themselves and overcome problematic behaviors and thought processes. A brief discussion of the technique of psychodynamic psychotherapy is provided, and the evidence base for psychodynamic psychotherapy is reviewed.
Long-term physical and mental health outcomes associated with traumatic brain injury severity in post-9/11 veterans: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To examine long-term outcomes of self-reported physical and mental health among Post-9/11 Veterans stratified by traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, we hypothesized that more severe ...
Unsupervised Learning of 3D Model Reconstruction from Hand-Drawn Sketches

3D objects modeling has gained considerable attention in the visual computing community. We propose a low-cost unsupervised learning model for 3D objects reconstruction from hand-drawn sketches. Recent advancements in deep learning opened new opportunities to learn high-quality 3D objects from 2D sketches via supervised networks. However, the limited availability of labeled 2D hand-drawn sketches data (i.e. sketches and its corresponding 3D ground truth models) hinders the training process of supervised methods. In this paper, driven by a novel design of combination of retrieval and reconstruction process, we developed a learning paradigm to reconstruct 3D objects from hand-drawn sketches, without the use of well-labeled hand-drawn sketch data during the entire training process. Specifically, the paradigm begins with the training of an adaption network via autoencoder with adversarial loss, embedding the unpaired 2D rendered image domain with the hand-drawn sketch domain to a shared latent vector space. Then from the embedding latent space, for each testing sketch image, we retrieve a few (e.g. five) nearest neighbors from the training 3D data set as prior knowledge for a 3D Generative Adversarial Network. Our experiments verify our network's robust and superior performance in handling 3D volumetric object generation from single hand-drawn sketch without requiring any 3D ground truth labels.
Tardigrades of North America: Dactylobiotus kansae Beasley, Miller and Shively, 2009 Confirmed to Still Exist after 50 Years

This is the second record of occurrence for the species Dactylobiotus kansaeBeasley, Miller and Shively, 2009. Originally collected in 1963 and originally identified as Macrobiotus hastatus Murray, 1907 by Beasley in 1967, the specimen identification was transferred to the new genus Murrayon in 1988 and finally described as Dactylobiotus kansae, a new species in 2009. For 50 years the species has not been reported again in any form. Now, based on a recent collection, the species has been confirmed to still exist in Oedogonium sp. algal in the type location, a small stream passing through the Kansas State University campus, in Riley County, Manhattan, Kansas, USA (North America).
Compounded Topical Pain Creams to Treat Localized Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background The use of compounded topical pain creams has increased dramatically, yet their effectiveness has not been well evaluated. Objective To determine the efficacy of compounded creams for chronic pain. Design Randomized controlled trials of 3 interventions. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02497066). Setting Military treatment facility. Participants 399 patients with localized pain classified by each patient's treating physician as neuropathic (n = 133), nociceptive (n = 133), or mixed (n = 133). Intervention Pain creams compounded for neuropathic pain (ketamine, gabapentin, clonidine, and lidocaine), nociceptive pain (ketoprofen, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, and lidocaine), or mixed pain (ketamine, gabapentin, diclofenac, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, and lidocaine), or placebo. Measurements The primary outcome measure was average pain score 1 month after treatment. A positive categorical response was a reduction in pain score of 2 or more points coupled with a score above 3 on a 5-point satisfaction scale. Secondary outcomes included Short Form-36 Health Survey scores, satisfaction, and categorical response. Participants with a positive outcome were followed through 3 months. Results For the primary outcome, no differences were found in the mean reduction in average pain scores between the treatment and control groups for patients with neuropathic pain (-0.1 points [95% CI, -0.8 to 0.5 points]), nociceptive pain (-0.3 points [CI, -0.9 to 0.2 points]), or mixed pain (-0.3 points [CI, -0.9 to 0.2 points]), or for all patients (-0.3 points [CI, -0.6 to 0.1 points]). At 1 month, 72 participants (36%) in the treatment groups and 54 (28%) in the control group had a positive outcome (risk difference, 8% [CI, -1% to 17%]). Limitations Generalizability is limited by heterogeneity among pain conditions and formulations of the study interventions. Randomized follow-up was only 1 month. Conclusion Compounded pain creams were not better than placebo creams, and their higher costs compared with approved compounds should curtail routine use. Primary funding source Centers for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Defense Health Agency, U.S. Department of Defense.
THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF "SOFT" VERSUS "HARD" SOLUTIONS FOR SHORE PROTECTION: AN EXAMPLE

This paper presents the design and economic analysis for two alternatives (soft versus- hard) for shore protection of facilities at the US Navy's Fleet Combat Training Center, Dam Neck, Virginia, USA. Three key factors are discussed that resulted in the selection of the soft alternative (dune construction and beach nourishment) which also included a buried seawall/revetment structure beneath the dune to provide a unique solution for shore protection. Construction was completed in the fall of 1996 and the results of the first year's monitoring effort are presented. The advantages of the soft alternative are many (environmental, recreational, etc.) and may even include the economic advantage as demonstrated in this paper for one site on the Atlantic Ocean.
Employees are losing: Have workplace laws gone too far?:

Concern about the economic, social and political cost of growing income inequality is propelling a debate about the loss of employee bargaining power – both in Australia and other Organisation for ...
What enables communities to resist neoliberal education reforms? Lessons from Newark and Camden, New Jersey

Neoliberal education reformers advance a set of strategies intended to improve public education by incorporating market-based approaches. To facilitate the adoption of these often unpopular ideas, ...
A Simulation Framework for Peer-to-Peer File Sharing in Named Data Networking

Peer-to-peer file sharing envisions a data-centric dissemination model, where files consisting of multiple data pieces can be downloaded from any peer that can offer the data or from multiple peers simultaneously. This objective, implemented at the application layer of the network architecture, matches with the objective of Named Data Networking (NDN), a proposed Internet architecture that features a data-centric communication model directly at the network layer. To study the impact of a data-centric network architecture on peer-to-peer file sharing, we proposed nTorrent, a peer-to-peer file sharing application built on top of NDN. Since the initial nTorrent proposal in 2017, we have implemented its design in ndnSIM, the de facto NDN simulator based on ns-3. In this paper, we present the design of our nTorrent simulation framework, touching upon various design decisions and trade-offs. We also describe our validation process through ns-3 simulations to ensure that our framework possesses the fundamental properties of nTorrent.
Application of digital terrain analysis to estimate hydrological variables in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico

Techniques of digital terrain analysis were applied to estimate hydrological variables in basins draining the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico. A 10-m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was interpolated from 10m elevation contour lines and used as the template for hydrological analysis. A high density stream network representing all perennial streams, including previously unmapped 1st order streams, was defined using the DEM. Similarly, for each 10 m grid cell within the stream network, mean annual rainfall, runoff, and discharge were estimated using regression equations derived from long-term rainfall and stream flow gauges. The result is a simple spatial framework to estimate hydrological variables in the region.
Alcohol Expectancies Moderate the Association Between School Connectedness and Alcohol Consumption.

BACKGROUND In this study, we investigate the moderated association of school connectedness and alcohol expectancies with adolescent drinking. METHODS Two large community samples were obtained with 2 repeated attempted censuses of all students attending a large suburban school district. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed substance use, alcohol expectancies, and school connectedness. We used logistic regression analyses on the training sample and confirmed with Bayesian test intervals with the test sample. RESULTS Party related alcohol expectancies and school connectedness interacted in their explanatory association with recent drinking and binging, such that school connectedness had a protective association only for youth with lower positive expectancies. These findings were the result of pre-planned exploratory analysis, which were confirmed with out-of-sample test data. CONCLUSIONS The potential benefits for student health behaviors resulting from improved school connectedness may be dependent on at least one dimension of alcohol expectancies, at the individual level.
Visible sterile neutrinos as the earliest relic probes of cosmology

Abstract A laboratory detection of a sterile neutrino could provide the first indication of the evolution of the Universe before Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), an epoch yet untested. Such “visible” sterile neutrinos are observable in upcoming experiments such as KATRIN/TRISTAN and HUNTER in the keV mass range and PTOLEMY and others in the eV mass range. A set of standard assumptions is typically made about cosmology before the temperature of the Universe was 5 MeV. However, non-standard pre-BBN cosmologies based on alternative assumptions could arise in motivated theoretical models and are equally in agreement with all existing data. We revisit the production of sterile neutrinos of mass 0.01 eV to 1 MeV in two examples of such models: scalar-tensor and low reheating temperature pre-BBN cosmologies. In both of them, the putative 3.5 keV X-ray signal line corresponds to a sterile neutrino with a mixing large enough to be tested in upcoming laboratory experiments. Additionally, the cosmological/astrophysical upper limits on active-sterile neutrino mixings are significantly weaker than in the standard pre-BBN cosmology, which shows that these limits are not robust. For example, in the scalar-tensor case the potential signal regions implied by the LSND and MiniBooNE short-baseline as well as the DANSS and NEOS reactor experiments are entirely not bound by cosmological restrictions. Our work highlights that sterile neutrinos may constitute a sensitive probe of the pre-BBN epoch.
Energy Saving at Work: Exploring the Role of Social Norms, Perceived Control and Ascribed Responsibility in Different Office Layouts

Reducing energy consumption in office buildings is critical for improving energy efficiency and decarburization at the large scale. This study (N=854) investigated the influence of social-psychological factors on energy-saving intention and behaviors in single-person versus shared offices based on the extend model of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). We found that ascription of responsibility, a variable added to the TPB, is the strongest predictor of energy-saving intentions for both single-person and shared offices. Interestingly, while injunctive norms are an important predictor of behavioral intention for single-person offices, descriptive norms are an important one for shared offices. Energy-saving intention mediates the influences of the aforementioned variables on energy-saving behaviors. Contrary to our hypotheses, perceived control over energy-saving and perceived ease of access to building control features have no direct impacts on energy-saving behaviors in single-person offices, but they have impacts on energy-saving behaviors in shared offices. This study provides useful insights for building designers and occupant behavior and energy modeling researchers.
Congenital Heart Disease and a Single Lung: Is Heart Transplantation Alone an Option?

Purpose Patients with end-stage heart failure and one functioning (Fx) lung are often referred for combined heart-lung transplantations (HLTx). However, this strategy carries significant waitlist & post-transplant mortality. Between 1987 and 2018, only 37% of the pediatric patients listed for HLTx were actually transplanted. This study aims to evaluate if heart transplant alone (HTx) remains a viable option for this patient population. Methods Using both the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) and United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) databases, HTx recipients with one Fx lung and congenital heart disease between 2006 and 2015 (n=19) were identified. All other HTx recipients in a merged PHIS-UNOS database during the same period were classified as two Fx lungs (n=2,625). Post-transplantation survival rates for recipients with one and two Fx lungs were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results HTx recipients with one Fx lung had lower post-transplantation survival rates than recipients with two Fx lungs (p=0.03) but comparable conditional 60-day survival rates (p=0.56). Recipients with one Fx lung had one- and five-year survival rates of 71% and 40% with 60-day conditional one- and five-year survival rates of 100% and 90%, respectively. Five out of the six deceased HTx recipients with one Fx lung died within 60 post-operative days and before being discharged. Renal dysfunction (GFR Conclusion HTx recipients with one Fx lung can do well but seem to have a high early post-operative mortality that usually indicates high-risk recipients with multiple risk factors. Patient selection and timing of transplantation referral will be key to improving these outcomes. Keeping in mind the low percentage of waitlisted patients who actually make it to HLTx, HTx appears to be the best option for patients with end-stage heart failure and one Fx lung.