cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Renaturation of Hen Egg‐White Lysozyme. Folding vs Aggregation

Since the inception of recombinant DNA technology, different strategies have been developed in the isolation, renaturation, and native disulfide bond formation of proteins produced as insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. One of the major challenges in optimizing renaturation processes is to prevent the formation of off-pathway inactive and aggregated species. On the basis of a simplified kinetic model describing the competition between folding and aggregation, it was possible to analyze the effects of denaturant and thiol/disulfide concentrations on this competition. Although higher guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) concentrations resulted in higher renaturation yields, the folding rate was negatively affected, indicating an optimum range of GdmCl for optimum renaturation rates and yields. Similarly, higher total glutathione concentrations resulted in higher yields but decreased rates, also indicating an optimum total glutathione concentration for optimum renaturation rates and yields (6-16 mM), with an optimum ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione between 1 and 3. To characterize the nature of aggregates, aggregation experiments were performed under different oxidizing/reducing conditions. It is shown that hydrophobic interactions between partially folded polypeptide chains are the major cause of aggregation. Aggregation is fast and aggregate concentration does not significantly increase beyond the first minute of renaturation. Under conditions which promote disulfide bonding, aggregate size, but not concentration, may increase due to disulfide bond formation, resulting in covalently bonded aggregates.
Vibrios of some deep‐water invertebrates

The gut microbiota of 7 species of deep-water (300–400 m) invertebrates from the Gulf of Mexico was examined. High populations of Vibrio spp. were observed in crustaceans (ranging from 105 to 7 × 106 cells/g gut content) while relatively low populations of Vibrio spp. were found in annelids, the water column, and sediment. Although saprophytic Vibrio species were isolated, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio hollisae, potential human pathogens, were isolated from the crustaceans, Pleoticus robustus, Nematocarcinas sp., Plesionika sp., and Munida sp., and Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from Nereis sp. These observations confirm the finding of Ohwada et al. [18] that the gut of deep-water invertebrates has a bacterial flora abundant in Vibrio spp. These results also suggest that some marine invertebrates may serve as reservoirs for certain potential pathogenic Vibrio species.
Momresp: A Bayesian Model for Multi-Annotator Document Labeling

Data annotation in modern practice often involves multiple, imperfect human annotators. Multiple annotations can be used to infer estimates of the ground-truth labels and to estimate individual annotator error characteristics (or reliability). We introduce MomResp, a model that incorporates information from both natural data clusters as well as annotations from multiple annotators to infer ground-truth labels and annotator reliability for the document classification task. We implement this model and show dramatic improvements over majority vote in situations where both annotations are scarce and annotation quality is low as well as in situations where annotators disagree consistently. Because MomResp predictions are subject to label switching, we introduce a solution that finds nearly optimal predicted class reassignments in a variety of settings using only information available to the model at inference time. Although MomResp does not perform well in annotation-rich situations, we show evidence suggesting how this shortcoming may be overcome in future work.
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome exacerbated by platelet transfusion.

Abstract Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is a complication of complex haemangiomas. We present a case in which standard treatment including platelet transfusion appeared to prolong and exacerbate subcutaneous bleeding.
Grid Based Nonlinear Filtering Revisited: Recursive Estimation & Asymptotic Optimality

This paper revisits grid based recursive approximate filtering of general Markov processes in discrete time, partially observed in conditionally Gaussian noise. The grid based filters considered rely on two types of state quantization, namely, the Markovian type and the marginal type. A set of novel, relaxed sufficient conditions is proposed, ensuring strong and fully characterized pathwise convergence of these filters to the respective MMSE state estimator. In particular, for marginal state quantizations, the notion of conditional regularity of stochastic kernels is introduced which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, constitutes the most relaxed condition under which asymptotic optimality of the respective grid based filters is guaranteed. Further, the convergence results are extended to include filtering of bounded and continuous functionals of the state, as well as recursive approximate state prediction. For both Markovian and marginal quantizations, the whole development of the respective grid-based filters relies more on linear-algebraic techniques and less on measure theoretic arguments, making the presentation considerably shorter and technically simpler.
The Cross-Sectional Study of Health Insurance Utilization and Its Impact among Middle-aged and Elderly Population in China

Our goal is to identify subjects' characteristics associated with insurance utilization and the association between utilization and medical expenditure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in January and February of2012. 2093 middle-aged and elderly subjects(45 years old and above) were surveyed. The results showed that in the past 12 months,373,1308 and 1568 subjects had inpatient treatment,outpatient treatment and self-treatment respectively. Heath insurance was not utilized for 12. 6%(inpatient),53. 3%( outpatient),and 72. 6%( self-treatment) of disease episodes. Among them 47 subjects(12. 6%),697 subjects(53. 3%) and 1139 subjects(72. 6%)didn't use health insurance for inpatient,outpatient or self-treatment. Education level,occupation,Hukou and region were associated with insurance utilization. Inpatient treatment expenditure and outpatient treatment expenditure among interviewees using health insurance were more expensive than those not using health insurance. But the out-ofpocket cost wasn't reduced by the usage of health insurance. In the multivariate analysis,insurance utilization was not significantly associated with various treatment. Utilization of health insurance may need to be improved and policy intervention is needed to further improve the effectiveness of health insurance.
3-D numerical analysis of reinforcement of pre-stressed cable on pit foundation

The simulative principle of the cable in the program was introduced.Then combining with the model test,the horizontal and vertical displacement trait of the tilted wall and the vertical wall of the pit foundation were compared and analyzed by use of the method of numerical simulation.The numerical results showed that the pre-stressed cable could reduce the horizontal and vertical displacement of the pit foundation remarkably;the reinforcing effect of the full-length bonding cable on the soft rock-soil mass was especially remarkable;the influence of the magnitude of the initial pre-stressing force upon the reinforcing effect on the pit foundation was comparatively evident in the process of the excavation.
Implications for Quark Models from Inelastic K-p Studies with a Polarized Target

Inelastic RN interactions, such as K-p → π Σ*(1385) and π°⋀, will shortly be studied with the U. Mass. polarized target and the Brookhaven Multiparticle Spectrometer. With the polarized target providing three-to-four times the usual number of observables, the analysis will yield improved accuracy in decay amplitudes for ⋀ and Σ resonances. For the investigation of the SU(6) quark model, the KN reactions are far more useful than are πN → πA studies. The polarized target and multiparticle spectrometer will also be very valuable for studying Ξ* resonances, where quark-model predictions lack experimental data for comparison. The polarized target not only yields new measurable parameters, but has the advantage of forcing spin-space structure on resonances which might otherwise have little polarization or alignment.
What Affects Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease in adults. COPD is characterized by dyspnea due to limited airflow. COPD is likely to become the third leading cause of death in the world by 2020 [1]. Advanced COPD is associated with severe dyspnea accompanied by coughing, sputum and fatigue, as well as cardiovascular complications such as cardiac insufficiency, which require constant oxygen supply and limit daily activities, ultimately resulting in depression or decreased quality of life [2].
Phenyl Benzo[b]phenothiazine as a Visible Light Photoredox Catalyst for Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization.

This paper reports use of phenyl benzo[b]phenothiazine (Ph-benzoPTZ) as a visible light-induced metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) photoredox catalyst. Well-controlled polymerizations of various methacrylate monomers were conducted under a 392 nm visible light LED using Ph-benzoPTZ to activate different alkyl halides. The use of the photocatalyst enabled temporal control over the growth of polymer chains during intermittent on/off periods. The polymerization was initiated and progressed only under stimulation by light and completely stopped in the absence of light. Block copolymers were synthesized to demonstrate high retention of chain end fidelity in the polymers and livingness of the process.
Shock waves simulated using the dual domain material point method combined with molecular dynamics

In this work we combine the dual domain material point method with molecular dynamics in an attempt to create a multiscale numerical method to simulate materials undergoing large deformations with high strain rates. In these types of problems, the material is often in a thermodynamically nonequilibrium state, and conventional constitutive relations or equations of state are often not available. In this method, the closure quantities, such as stress, at each material point are calculated from a molecular dynamics simulation of a group of atoms surrounding the material point. Rather than restricting the multiscale simulation in a small spatial region, such as phase interfaces, or crack tips, this multiscale method can be used to consider nonequilibrium thermodynamic effects in a macroscopic domain.This method takes the advantage that the material points only communicate with mesh nodes, not among themselves; therefore molecular dynamics simulations for material points can be performed independently in parallel. The dual domain material point method is chosen for this multiscale method because it can be used in history dependent problems with large deformation without generating numerical noise as material points move across cells, and also because of its convergence and conservation properties.To demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of this method, we compare the results of a shock wave propagation in a cerium crystal calculated using the direct molecular dynamics simulation with the results from this combined multiscale calculation.
Testing of Satellites After Ground Storage

This paper presents data about the effects of storage, the storage practices of several Space Division programs, and the failures identified by functional and environmental post-storage tests. The failure data are the basis for plots to approximate the risk of orbital failure as a function of storage time for different types of tests. Since the determination of an appropriate test program has to also consider the program impact of conducting a test, no one test program can be recommended. However, some program considerations are discussed. The aim of the paper is to provide data to assist in an informed decision about post-storage testing.
Entorno territorial y expectativas del agua para Bogotá

En el articulo se analizan aspectos relacionados con la seguridad de disponibilidad de agua en Bogota, considerado las amenazas que inciden en este aspecto. Como un recurso para amortiguar los efectos de tales amenazas, se analiza como estrategia la difusion del aprovechamiento del agua lluvia con el fin de complementar los servicios de la Empresa de Acueducto de Bogota y obtener las ventajas economicas y sociales que se obtienen con el mismo.
Problems of Control and Stabilization for Partial Differential Equations

Abstract We review here certain problems of control, observation and stabilization of hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equations. We are concerned primarily with recent developments relating boundary control, observation and stabilization and we present our assessment of important unsolved problems in these areas.
Whose International Law? Legal Clashes in the Ukrainian Crisis

This chapter examines the role of international law in the Ukrainian crisis. It demonstrates that the United States and the European Union (EU), which have led global opposition to Russia’s involvement in Ukraine, have held uniform views on major international legal issues raised by that involvement. This unified stance suggests that the transatlantic zone is where shared basic values and principles of a global order do not exist only as a matter of abstract rhetorical agreement but also get translated into concrete policies and are applied to concrete cases. These policies must be acknowledged and probed no less than the fractiousness that is more typically the focus of commentaries on EU common foreign and security policy and transatlantic relations.
A Content Analysis of Social Class in ACA Journals from 2000 to 2016

Social class is an intersecting identity factor that affects clients, counselors, and all counseling specialties. Although an important component of ethical counseling practice, counseling scholars...
Who searches where? A new car buyer study

In this research, we address an important gap in the literature as to the search behavior of new car buyers. While the effect of the Internet on this process is known, the literature still lacks a comprehensive study which (1) concurrently covers time periods before and after the launch of the Internet, and (2) compares trends of consumer search across those combined years. Our unique survey dataset, which spans 22 years and includes consumer search information for new cars from both the pre- and post-Internet eras, enables us to investigate this important gap. Using a latent class model, we classify respondents according to variables that measure consumer search for new automobiles. We unveil changes in characteristics of the six latent segments of car shoppers. Our main findings show that, over the years since the advent of the Internet, the segment of car buyers who mainly search through car dealers/stores has been shrinking drastically. We also find evidence that, over time, the heavy Internet user segment has become less likely to have decided on the manufacturer/dealer prior to searching. Our findings benefit researchers, practitioners, car manufacturers, dealers, and buyers.
Current Status of Marital Therapy

A major obstacle to clinicians interested in marital therapy is the absence of an acceptable conceptual framework to guide their interventions and organize their perceptions (Manus, 1966; Olson, 1975). The clinician treating relationship disturbances is quickly faced with a baffling complexity of data: each spouse’s personal history and signs of psychopathology, the history of the shared relationship and the individual meanings of shared events, current observable patterns of interactions between spouses. In order to make effective interventions, the clinician needs a conceptual framework to organize his perceptions and therapeutic interventions. The need for a theory of marital therapy is acutely felt because, in the midst of rapid bombardment with overwhelming data in the usual marital therapy session, the therapist must consider both past and current determinants of the discord, the individual and interactional data, and the interplay of internal psychological representational systems with recurring maladaptive behavior patterns. The absence of an adequate theory of marital therapy may partially explain the relative lack of activity in this clinical area by many therapists (Segraves, 1978). Similarly, the absence of a theoretical system that relates therapeutic interventions into marital interaction systems with individual psychopathology may account for the tendency of many psychotherapists to regard marital therapy as a more superficial, less meaningful intervention.
The Relationship between Wing Shape and Differential Migration in the Dark-Eyed Junco

ABSTRACr.-We quantified wing shape in migrant and wintering Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) from southwestern Pennsylvania to assess the relationship between wing shape and differential migration (with respect to distance) among age/sex classes. There were significant differences in wing length and primary distances (distances from the wing tip to the tip of each of the nine primaries) among age/sex classes. Adult juncos had longer wings, larger proximal and distal primary distances, and a wing tip shifted proximally relative to immatures. Males had longer wings and larger proximal primary distances than females, but the sexes did not differ in distal primary distances or wing-tip placement. Wing-shape differences between males and females persisted even after accounting for differences in body mass between the sexes. With few exceptions, wing shape was not correlated with body mass within age/sex classes. The traits usually associated with a pointed wing (the wing shape generally considered adaptive for longer migrations) were really two independent dimensions of wing-shape variation in juncos that did not covary among age/sex classes. Overall, our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that wing "pointedness" covaries positively with distance migrated in juncos. Received 14 April 1989, accepted 21 February 1990.
Acute alterations in growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis in humans injected with endotoxin

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the acute changes in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in humans after administration of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). Escheric...
Adolescents’ Traffic Casualties: Causes and Interventions

Traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among 16–19 year olds. These ages also show the highest rates of death per licensed driver, not only for the drivers themselves, but also for their passengers, occupants of other vehicles, and non-occupants such as pedestrians. I explore several explanations for the disproportionate rate of fatalities and suggest and evaluate ways to promote more healthy driving behavior. Data on adolescent health behavior in other domains, such as smoking and drug use, are used to identify some possible determinants of unhealthy driving behavior and to suggest effective interventions.
Software agents for internet-based systems and their design

Nowadays many business and engineering systems are Internet-based. This chapter describes how software agents can be used to build autonomous and collaborative Internet-based systems and how agents themselves participate in developing and designing these systems. We will introduce the principles of Internet agent-based systems, their classifications, architectures, design procedure, and applications.
A 2–4 GHz Silicon Germanium Cryogenic Low Noise Amplifier MMIC

In this paper, the cryogenic noise performance of the TowerJazz SBC18H3 technology is studied. First, cryogenic small-signal noise models are developed for a SiGe HBT from this process. At a physical temperature of 16.5 K, it is found that a noise temperature as low as 1.5 K is possible at 3 GHz. Leveraging the modeling results, a 2–4 GHz MMIC low noise amplifier is designed and implemented. The amplifier provides a gain of 28 dB and a noise temperature between 3.3 and 4 K while consuming just 3mW of DC power. Moreover, excellent agreement between the cryogenic model and the experimental measurements is observed. To the best of authors' knowledge this is the lowest noise temperature reported for a low-power integrated SiGe low noise amplifier.
A 1–17 GHz Stacked Distributed Power Amplifier with 19–21 dBm Saturated Output Power in 45nm CMOS SOI Technology

This paper presents a uniform distributed amplifier (DA) based on 45nm CMOS SOI. Four stacked transistors are employed in a single arm to construct a four-stage DA. The wideband distributed amplifier results in a measured maximum gain of 17.1 dB with a 3-dB small-signal bandwidth of 1–17 GHz. The saturated output power is 19 – 21 dBm at 1–17 GHz, with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) is 12.2-19%. The DA consumes 97 mA from a 4.4 V supply, and the chip size is only 1.14 mm2 including all pads.
When life gets in the way: Generativity and the development of non-idealized virtues in women’s life stories

ABSTRACTThe road to a virtuous life is typically met with roadblocks and detours. Life stories reveal the courses people chart around those roadblocks in their attempts to cultivate virtuous lives in non-idealized circumstances. Life stories feature difficult choices (e.g., between love and work, between pursuing personal interests and caring for others in need) that challenge individuals’ attempts to live out the virtues they most value. In this article we focus on the life stories of two women for whom the virtues of generativity and caring for others serve as deeply personal motives that came at a personal cost, notably in the pursuit of other paths of eudaimonic growth. However, these women’s virtuous actions were also a source of meaningful redemption when times got tough. Their life stories also reflect how their lives have been shaped by both personal choices and cultural master narratives of gendered ideals for a good life. Overall these women’s stories illustrate how non-idealized life circumstan...
Prestack Q compensation with sparse tau-p operators

ABSTRACTThe application of Q compensation to prestack marine data needs the proper removal of the water-layer time from the total traveltime, a process known as “time referencing.” To obtain the wa...
Wet deposition of black carbon: A synthesis

Abstract Black carbon (BC) influences the global radiation budget and adversely affects air quality and human health. Removal of BC from the atmosphere can mitigate these effects. Although wet deposition (rainfall) is thought to be a dominant pathway for BC removal over land and oceans, studies quantifying rainfall BC concentrations and deposition are scarce. Here, we synthesize empirical measurements of BC in rainfall conducted between 1984 and 2016 from sites around the world. Data from 20 peer-reviewed publications and 42 unique sites were compiled. All observations were from the northern hemisphere, with the vast majority located in mid-latitudes with medium to high annual rainfall. Differences in rainfall BC concentrations and deposition among urban, rural, and remote sites were examined. Annual rainfall BC concentrations ranged 120-fold, from 2.8 μg L−1 at a remote site to 333 μg L−1 at an urban site, while annual BC deposition ranged 16-fold from 0.014 mg m−2 d−1 at a remote site to 0.22 mg m−2 d−1 at an urban site. The small number of observations, high measurement variability, and location relative to coast appeared to mask the effects of land use on BC in rainfall. However, characteristic seasonal patterns in BC concentrations and/or deposition were found for geographic regions with similar rainfall patterns, BC emission sources, and air mass trajectories. Annual rainfall BC deposition across sites was comparable to modeled estimates for the global oceans, but BC concentrations were somewhat higher than those measured in surface snow at central North American sites. Neither tropical regions nor urban areas (BC-emission hotspots) were well represented in the dataset, highlighting fundamental gaps in understanding of rainfall BC deposition. More extensive monitoring of rainfall BC deposition is imperative to develop improved global climate and carbon cycling models.
Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Evolution of SAC and SAC+X Lead Free Solders Subjected to High Temperature Aging

Solder joints provide mechanical support, electrical and thermal interconnection between packaging levels in microelectronics assembly systems. Proper functioning of these interconnections and the reliability of the electronic packages depend largely on the mechanical properties of the solder joints. Lead free solders provide excellent thermomechanical properties and commonly used as interconnections in electronic packages. However, environmental conditions, such as, operating temperature, aging temperature, and aging time significantly affect these properties due to the microstructural evolution of the solder that occurs during aging. The most well-known and widely observed changes are coarsening of the $\text{Ag}_{3}\text{Sn}$ and $\text{Cu}_{6}\text{Sn}_{5}$ intermetallic compounds (IMCs)present in the eutectic regions between beta-Sn dendrites. In this work, we have investigated the variations in mechanical behavior of several SAC and SAC+X lead free solder alloys including SAC305 (96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu)and SAC_Q subjected to high temperature aging. Specimens have been preconditioned at several extreme temperature aging conditions including T = 125 and 200°C. At each extreme temperature condition, several durations of aging were considered including 0, 1, 5 and 20 days. With each set of aging conditions, stress-strain tests were performed on the aged specimens. The evolution of the stress-strain behavior with aging temperature and time was determined. In addition, microstructural evolution of solder alloys during extreme high temperature aging has been explored, and aging induced coarsening of IMCs has been explored using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)to validate our experimental results. Our experimental results show substantial degradations of the mechanical properties including initial modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength of lead-free solders with extreme temperature aging. The results suggested that there are large challenges to obtaining solder joint reliability when the joints are exposed to long-term high temperature aging. The addition of dopants (e.g. Bi)in the traditional SAC alloys significantly mitigated the high temperature aging induced degradations in both the microstructure and mechanical properties.
Role of the inhibitory system in shaping the BOLD fMRI response.

Abstract The shape of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal can vary considerably even across structures of the same sensory pathway. Here, we characterized the temporal behavior of the stimulus-evoked BOLD response in the primary cortical and subcortical regions of the visual and somatosensory whisker systems in awake rabbits. Despite similar BOLD responses in the thalamic nuclei, considerable differences in shape and duration emerged between the sensory cortices. Whereas the BOLD response in the whisker barrel cortex (WBC) was non-adaptive, BOLD in the visual cortex (V1) showed adaptation similar to simultaneously-recorded LFP and single unit activity. Analysis of baseline neuronal activity revealed significantly lower firing rates in V1 vs. WBC. We hypothesized that these changes point to region-dependent differences in the inhibitory systems which shape the hemodynamic response in each structure. To test the effect of neuronal baseline level inhibition on the BOLD signal shape, we locally injected the GABAA agonist muscimol in WBC. Adaptation emerged in the BOLD response after injection, along with an overall decrease in baseline firing rate. These findings point to the importance of region-specific inhibitory shaping in determining the temporal behavior of the BOLD response in different brain areas.
Enhancing the actuation frequency of shape memory alloy wire by vibration-enhanced cooling:

Shape memory alloy wire actuators are lightweight, compact, and have high actuation stress, but their actuation frequency is limited by the rate they can be thermally cycled. Heating time can be re...
Process Mining in a Nutshell

Fundamentals such as event logs, cases, activities, and process variants are explained. Concrete examples show how Process Mining can be used for business transparency and value. Allowing full transparency based on event logs, the implications of this important change—away from perception based towards a fact-based process management—are discussed. The metaphor of an MRT is used to explain possibilities, benefits, and limitations of Process Mining.
Faking Alternative Journalism? An Analysis of Self-Presentations of “Fake News” Sites

Scholars have come to understand fake news as content packaged to look like mainstream news but which is deceptive and low in facticity. This study focuses on the textual self-representations of 50...
An OpenData portal to share COVID-19 drug repurposing data in real time

The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) has developed an online open science data portal for its COVID-19 drug repurposing campaign, named OpenData, with the goal of making data across a range of SARS-CoV-2 related assays available in real-time. The assays developed cover a wide spectrum of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, including both viral and human (host) targets. In total, over 10,000 compounds are being tested in full concentration-response ranges from across multiple annotated small molecule libraries, including approved drug, repurposing candidates and experimental therapeutics designed to modulate a wide range of cellular targets. The goal is to support research scientists, clinical investigators and public health officials through open data sharing and analysis tools to expedite the development of SARS-CoV-2 interventions, and to prioritize promising compounds and repurposed drugs for further development in treating COVID-19.
Continent Urinary Diversion

The goals of continent urinary diversion are to provide a compliant large capacity urinary reservoir. This, in turn, protects renal function and aids in achieving urinary continence. Individuals with neuropathic disorders such as myelomeningocele, severe anatomic bladder anomalies such as bladder exstrophy, or poorly compliant bladders as in boys with posterior urethral valves who are refractory to medical management may be candidates for bladder augmentation with gastrointestinal segments. In those who have had a cystectomy, a urinary reservoir may be created using intestinal segments. Continent urinary diversion has significantly changed the lives of children and adults with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, bladder exstrophy, or bladder tumors. Without such intervention they would be incontinent or dependent upon urinary conduits with urostomy bags to collect urine.
Microbial involvement in Alzheimer disease development and progression

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prominent form of dementia and the 5th leading cause of death in individuals over 65. AD is a complex disease stemming from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It is known that AD patients have increased levels of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation; however, the mechanism(s) by which the plaques, tangles, and neuroinflammation manifest remain elusive. A recent hypothesis has emerged that resident bacterial populations contribute to the development and progression of AD by contributing to neuroinflammation, senile plaque formation, and potentially neurofibrillary tangle accumulation (Fig. 1). This review will highlight recent studies involved in elucidating microbial involvement in AD development and progression.
The effect of physical movement on observers’ perception of musical quality in a choral performance:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of singers’ physical movement on observers’ perception of musical quality at varying levels of physical expressivity during a choral performance....
The Impact of a Visual Cheap Talk Script in an Online Choice Experiment

Hypothetical bias causes willingness to pay (WTP) values to be inaccurate and is a prevalent issue in choice experiments. Research has shown that a “cheap talk” script may reduce hypothetical bias ; however, it is uncertain which cheap talk script format is the best at controlling hypothetical bias . Therefore, we conduct a choice experiment using a between-subjects design in which half of the articipants saw a “visual” cheap talk script and half saw a “text” cheap talk script prior to the choice sets. Random parameter logit model results indicate hypothetical bias was more prevalent when participants saw the visual cheap talk script compared to the more conventional text cheap talk script. Text learners also appeared to be less prone to hypothetical bias than visual learners.
Longitudinal prediction of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in COVID-19: a two-center study.

To investigate the temporal characteristics of clinical variables of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients and to longitudinally predict AKI onset. There were 308 hospital-acquired AKI and 721 non-AKI (NAKI) COVID-19 patients from Stony Brook Hospital (New York, USA) data, and 72 hospital-acquired AKI and 303 NAKI COVID-19 patients from Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China). Demographic, comorbidities, and longitudinal (3 days before and 3 days after AKI onset) clinical variables were used to compute odds ratios for and longitudinally predict hospital-acquired AKI onset. COVID-19 patients with AKI were more likely to die than NAKI patients (31.5% vs 6.9%, adjusted p < 0.001, OR = 4.67 [95% CI 3.1, 7.0], Stony Brook data). AKI developed on average 3.3 days after hospitalization. Procalcitonin was elevated prior to AKI onset (p < 0.05), peaked, and remained elevated (p < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase peaked the same time as creatinine, whereas d-dimer and brain natriuretic peptide peaked a day later. C-reactive protein, white blood cell and lymphocyte showed group differences − 2 days prior (p < 0.05). Top predictors were creatinine, procalcitonin, white blood cells, lactate dehydrogenase, and lymphocytes. They predicted AKI onset with areas under curves (AUCs) of 0.78, 0.66, and 0.56 at 0, − 1, and − 2 days prior, respectively. When tested on the Tongji Hospital data, the AUCs were 0.80, 0.79, and 0.77, respectively. Time-locked longitudinal data provide insight into AKI progression. Commonly clinical variables reasonably predict AKI onset a few days prior. This work may lead to earlier recognition of AKI and treatment to improve clinical outcomes.
Development and functionality of a pediatric behavioral health registry for integrated and collaborative care models.

Introduction: Using clinical registries to collect and monitor individual, case-level, and population health-relevant variables has been found to be effective at improving outcomes in adult populations. However, due to multiple barriers unique to pediatric care, there are limited available registries for youth and limited studies investigating their effectiveness for pediatric populations. This paper describes a process to develop clinical BH registries to address the BH needs of youth. Method: The registry development process employed a community-hospital-accountable care organization (ACO) stakeholder partnership as part of a population health initiative within the ACO to develop a pediatric focused clinical BH registry. The development process used the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainment (EPIS) strategy within the implementation science framework. Results: The developed registry collects clinical, operational, and population health relevant variables that are important to guiding the development and sustainment of the initiatives outcomes. Stakeholders have determined the registry to be feasible and to meet the needs of the initiative. Discussion: We created a pediatric clinical BH registry that is sensitive to the unique needs of youth across a broad range of common BH needs. While it is not without limitations, this paper serves as an example of a generalizable process to create functional registries for youth. Limitations and future directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Enhancing Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Polymer-Encapsulated Cobalt Phthalocyanine through Incorporation of Graphite Powder

Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) has been extensively studied as a catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added products. Previous studies have shown that CoPc is a competent and efficient catalyst when immobilized onto carbon-based electrodes using a polymer binder, especially when immobilized with a graphitic carbon powder support to increase charge transport. In this study, we systematically explore the influence of incorporating graphite powder (GP) into a polymer-encapsulated CoPc on the system’s activity for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. We report a protocol for incorporating GP into CoPc/polymer/GP catalyst films that facilitates physisorption of CoPc to GP, leading to increased activity for CO2 reduction. We show that the activity for CO2 reduction increases with GP loading at low GP loadings, but at sufficiently high GP loadings the activity plateaus as charge transfer is sufficiently fast to no longer be rate limiting. We also demonstrate that axial coordination is still important even in the presence of GP, suggesting that CoPc does not fully coordinate to heteroatoms on the GP surface. We develop a set of optimized conditions under which the CoPc/polymer/GP catalyst systems reduce CO2 with higher activity and similar selectivity to previously reported CoPc/polymer films on edge-plane graphite electrodes. The procedures outlined in this study will be used in future studies to optimize catalyst, polymer, and carbon support loadings for other polymer-catalyst composite systems for electrocatalytic transformations.
Pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine in horses following oral administration.

This study aimed to investigate pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine in horses and validate a method for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of serum levels. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics were determined using 10 healthy, adult horses. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics following a single oral dose (0.25 mg/kg) were determined using blood samples collected prior to and at several time points over 7 days following administration. Serum concentrations of fluoxetine and its bioactive metabolite norfluoxetine were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to an accurate mass/high-resolution mass spectrometer. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a noncompartmental model. Time to maximum serum concentration and serum half-life of fluoxetine was 1.5 and 15.6 h, respectively. Steady-state serum concentrations were evaluated using five horses each receiving fluoxetine (0.25 mg/kg, PO, q24hrs) for 8 weeks and were found to be 62.9 ± 25.5 ng/ml on average. Norfluoxetine was not detected in any sample.
Fabrication and repair of ion source components in the 80 keV neutral beam lines for DIII-D

After eight years of operation, leaks began to develop in critical components of the ion sources of the 80 keV neutral beam lines in DIII-D. Operational adjustments were made that seemed to remedy the problems, but five years later leaks began occurring again, this time with greater frequency. Failures occurred in the stainless steel bellows and molybdenum rails of the grid rail modules as well as in the Langmuir probes. Failure analyses identified several root causes of the leaks and operational adjustments were again made to mitigate the problems, but the rash of failures depleted the program's supply of spare grid rail modules and probes and removed one of the ion sources from regular operation. Fifteen years after their original fabrication, the ion source components were no longer commercially available. In 2001 a program was initiated to fabricate new grid rail modules, including new molybdenum grid rails, bellows, and stainless steel grid rail holders, as well as new Langmuir probes. In parallel, components removed from service due to leaks were to be repaired with new rails and bellows and returned to service. An overview of the root causes of the service failures is offered, details of the repair processes are described, and a summary and evaluation of the fabrication procedures for the new molybdenum rails, grid modules, and Langmuir probes are given.
Normal and Variant Isoenzymes of Human Blood Cell Hexokinase and the Isoenzyme Patterns in Hemolytic Anemia

Electrophoresis of red cell hexokinase in agarose electrophoresis revealed two major (1 and 2) and two minor (3 and 4) bands. Platelet and leukocyte hexokinase patterns differed from those of red cells. There was a strong band 1, but considerably faster bands termed 5, 6 and 7 were also observed which were sensitive to changes in glucose concentration. The presence of contaminating leukocytes can significantly alter the electrophoretic pattern of "red cell" hexokinase activity. Bands 2, 3 and 4 of red cells appeared to be synthesized independently of band 1 and absence of band 1 did not effect either red cell metabolism or survival. Absence of bands 2, 3 and 4 may be associated with hemolytic anemia, decreased erythrocyte hexokinase activity and decreased erythrocyte glycolysis. Young red cells had increased activity of all bands, particularly band 2. No influence of hemoglobin type on hexokinase patterns was observed, nor was there any selective influence of cell storage, medium glucose, or 2-mercaptoethanol on individual bands. None of the various isoenzyme patterns were associated with abnormal hexokinase kinetics.
Prolonged fetal bradycardia with recovery--its significance and outcome.

bradycardia lasting more than 21/2 minutes with a decrease in FHR of more than 30 b.p.m. were observed in the course of 15 monitored labors. The mean fetal pH during the 20 minutes following the bradycardia (early recovery) was significantly less than the mean pH obtained 30 minutes or more after the bradycardia (late recovery). Various types of periodic heart rate changes were observed during the early recovery period but few persisted into late recovery. Vaginal delivery occurred in 13 of 15 patients. Two cesarean sections were performed for indications unrelated to the prolonged bradycardia. The 5 minute Apgar score of all 15 neonates was 7 or greater.
Malnutrition and Cognitive Development: Evidence from Experimental/Quasi-Experimental Studies among the Mild-to-Moderately Malnourished

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the current literature on the relationship between malnutrition and cognitive development, with particular emphasis on data from experimental and quasi-experimental studies. The review provides a discussion of relevant issues of concern, including current knowledge regarding the specific outcomes affected by malnutrition, the significance of the timing of such insults, issues of differential responsivity, the role of specific nutrients, and the potential mechanisms. The implications of such findings for policy and directions for future research are discussed.
Simulation of gaseous diffusion in partially saturated porous media under variable gravity with lattice Boltzmann methods

Liquid distributions in unsaturated porous media under different gravitational accelerations and corresponding macroscopic gaseous diffusion coefficients were investigated to enhance understanding of plant growth conditions in microgravity. We used a single-component, multiphase lattice Boltzmann code to simulate liquid configurations in two-dimensional porous media at varying water contents for different gravity conditions and measured gas diffusion through the media using a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann code. The relative diffusion coefficients (D rel) for simulations with and without gravity as functions of air-filled porosity were in good agreement with measured data and established models. We found significant differences in liquid configuration in porous media, leading to reductions in D rel of up to 25% under zero gravity. The study highlights potential applications of the lattice Boltzmann method for rapid and cost-effective evaluation of alternative plant growth media designs under variable gravity.
The French Economy in 1700–1701: An Appraisal by the Deputies of Trade

Louis XIV created the Council of Trade on June 29, 1700, to advise the controller general and the secretary of the marine on economic matters. The Council was to examine… all propositions and memoranda sent it, together with such matters and difficulties which may there arise concerning external and internal trade by land and by sea, as well as factories and manufactories, in order that His Majesty may take appropriate action on the reports which the said Council of Trade will make to him of its deliberations.
Heart-lung interaction: effect on regional lung air content and total heart volume.

To study the interactions between and within the heart and lungs, end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) volumes and intrathoracic location of the heart, and the regional air content, volume and geometry of the lungs, were measured from three-dimensional image data generated with the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR). The DSR was used to scan the full thoracic extent of anesthetized dogs and sloths at selected transpulmonary pressures. The results show that the dependent to non-dependent gradient of regional lung opacity (or conversely regional air content) in the supine animal was not present in the prone animals. While the rib cage and diaphragm of the dog deformed markedly, the shape of the sloth's rib cage and diaphragm remained essentially constant with change in body orientation. As a consequence of these findings, we deduce that the observed change in gradient of regional lung air content in both dog and sloth are in response to changes in the intrathoracic position of the heart which alter ventral lung geometry and not a response to changes in rib cage or diaphragm geometry. In a second series of studies we reconstructed the 3-D extent of the heart at ED and ES in supine anesthetized dogs and demonstrated that the total heart volume (THV) (i.e. contained by the pericardial sac) during sinus rhythm differs by less than 5% between ED and ES. The DSR image data show that this is achieved by the epicardial apex remaining essentially fixed and that the plane containing the atrio-ventricular valves moves like a plunger towards the apex in systole. When atrial fibrillation is present, the THV no longer remains constant and decreases during systole, presumably because of increased stiffness of the atrial myocardium. We conclude from the experimental results that the heart plays an important role in determining regional differences in alveolar expansion, and that by maintaining a constant THV, the heart minimizes energy expenditure which would be caused by moving the lung.