cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaborative information synthesis II: Recommendations for information systems to support synthesis activities

As the quantity of information continues to exceed our human processing capacity, information systems must support users as they face the daunting task of synthesizing information. One activity that consumes much of a scientist's time is developing models that balance contradictory and redundant evidence. Driven by our desire to understand the information behaviors of this important user group, and the behaviors of scientific discovery in general, we conducted an observational study of academic research scientists as they resolved different experimental results reported in the biomedical literature. This article is Part 2 of two articles that report our findings. In Part 1 (Blake & Pratt, 2006), we introduced the Collaborative Information Synthesis (CIS) model, which captures the salient information behaviors that we observed. In this article, we review existing cognitive and information seeking models that have inadvertently reported synthesis behavior and provide five recommendations for systems designers to build information systems that support synthesis activities. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Centralization of Bargaining and Wage Inequality: A Correction of Wallerstein

Wage inequality is a subject of intense political and substantive concern, and diﬀerencesin the extent of wage inequality between the Anglo-American economies and those of con-tinental Europe animate public and scholarly discussion. The wide earnings diﬀerentialsobserved in the United States and the United Kingdom are commonly justiﬁed as the properand necessary incentives for a mature, growth-oriented economy; the narrower income dif-ferentials encountered in continental Europe are rationalized as necessary for the protectionof the less-well paid and the integrity of the social fabric. The upward secular trend in wageinequality in the US since the 1970s, which is a stark reversal of the pattern observed duringthe preceding 40 years, is also a topic attracting wide public and scholarly attention.Despite the importance of the subject and the amount of attention that it has received,the extensive literature on the economic impact of wage bargaining institutions in advanceddemocratic societies contains only a few widely accepted ﬁndings. One of these is that morecentralized bargaining institutions strongly encourage wage equality. No less an authoritativeorgan than the OECD notes, for instance, that “there is a fairly robust relation betweencross-country diﬀerences in earnings inequality and bargaining structures” (OECD 1997,p. 64). Several well-designed country-speciﬁc studies support the claim that the system ofcollective bargaining is a major determinant of variations in the extent of wage inequality(Hibbs and Locking, 1996, 2000, Erickson and Ichino, 1995). Yet even the most careful andwell executed country level results may be aﬀected by idiosyncratic country-speciﬁc factors.Evidence at the cross-national level is required. The most careful and convincing cross-national empirical documentation of the link between centralized bargaining institutionsand wage inequality appears in Wallerstein (1999), published in this journal
Microscopic current dynamics in nanoscale junctions

So far, transport properties of nanoscale contacts have been studied mostly within the static scattering approach. The electron dynamics and the transient behavior of current flow, however, remain poorly understood. We present a numerical study of microscopic current flow dynamics in nanoscale quantum point contacts. We employ an approach that combines a microcanonical picture of transport with time-dependent density-functional theory. We carry out atomic and jellium model calculations to show that the time evolution of the current flow exhibits several noteworthy features, such as nonlaminarity and edge flow. We attribute these features to the interaction of the electron fluid with the ionic lattice, to the existence of pressure gradients in the fluid, and to the transient dynamical formation of surface charges at the nanocontact-electrode interfaces. Our results suggest that quantum transport systems exhibit hydrodynamical characteristics, which resemble those of a classical liquid.
Growth of structure in the Szekeres class-II inhomogeneous cosmological models and the matter-dominated era

This study belongs to a series devoted to using the Szekeres inhomogeneous models in order to develop a theoretical framework where cosmological observations can be investigated with a wider range of possible interpretations. While our previous work addressed the question of cosmological distances versus redshift in these models, the current study is a start at looking into the growth rate of large-scale structure. The Szekeres models are exact solutions to Einstein's equations that were originally derived with no symmetries. We use here a formulation of the Szekeres models that is due to Goode and Wainwright, who considered the models as exact perturbations of a Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background. Using the Raychaudhuri equation we write, for the two classes of the models, exact growth equations in terms of the under/overdensity and measurable cosmological parameters. The new equations in the overdensity split into two informative parts. The first part, while exact, is identical to the growth equation in the usual linearly perturbed FLRW models, while the second part constitutes exact nonlinear perturbations. We integrate numerically the full exact growth rate equations for the flat and curved cases. We find that for the matter-dominated cosmic era, the Szekeres growth rate is up to a factor of three to five stronger than the usual linearly perturbed FLRW cases, reflecting the effect of exact Szekeres nonlinear perturbations. We also find that the Szekeres growth rate with an Einstein-de Sitter background is stronger than that of the well-known nonlinear spherical collapse model, and the difference between the two increases with time. This highlights the distinction when we use general inhomogeneous models where shear and a tidal gravitational field are present and contribute to the gravitational clustering. Additionally, it is worth observing that the enhancement of the growth found in the Szekeres models during the matter-dominated era could suggest a substitute to the argument that dark matter is needed when using FLRW models to explain the enhanced growth and resulting large-scale structures that we observe today.
Surface and bulk laser-damage statistics and the identification of intrinsic breakdown processes

The experimental evidence presented confirms the existence of a statistical nature in the laser-induced intrinsic damage process both in the bulk and on the surfaces of transparent materials. A damage process determined by an electron-avalanche breakdown with statistical starting properties was found to be consistent with the data. The importance of irradiating only a small volume of the material in order to avoid studying inclusion-induced laser damage is discussed. In addition, a new procedure was developed to permit rapid identification of the occurrence of damage due to an intrinsic process.
Pharmacogenetics to screen for drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare condition associated with systemic antiresorptive medications, especially with bisphosphonates (BPs) and more recently with denosumab (non BP antiresorptive). Clinically, ONJ is characterized by exposed necrotic bone lesions that persist for more than 8 weeks [1]. The lesions range from small asymptomatic areas of exposed necrosis to large painful symptomatic lesions that extent to both jaws and remain refractory to treatment. Clinical management, and its resulting morbidity, depends on the severity of the symptoms and the extend of the bony destruction. Small asymptomatic lesions may be left alone to heal or are managed with long-term antibiotic therapy, whereas symptomatic and infected large sequestrations extending extra-orally onto the face may lead to radical resections of both jaws [2]. Osteonecrosis may be particularly disruptive in already vulnerable cancer patients, compromising their quality of life and adding levels of complexity to their already complex treatment plans [3].
Innovation within the constraints of sustainability: Analysis of product development projects

Innovation thrives within constraints. This seemingly counterintuitive notion is now increasingly adopted and practiced in companies known for innovation. The main question to address in this research is whether constraints imposed by such concepts as sustainability are liberation for or impediment to students' becoming more innovative and creative in their product development projects. This paper presents an on-going investigation into the theme by analyzing and reflecting on new product development projects in a course called “Sustainable Manufacturing” at Syracuse University. The new course has been developed and offered once a year since 2010. Students' projects are analyzed from initial opportunity ideas, to intermediate development stages, and ultimately to the final projects including physical prototypes, in order to measure the level of students' understanding of sustainability concepts and its impact on students' capacity for innovation and creativity as exhibited in their projects. The preliminary results suggest that imposed constraints are indeed a booster for, but at least not an impediment to creativity and innovation.
POTASSIUM AND RUBIDIUM UPTAKE IN FRESHWATER BIVALVES

Potassium transport characteristics were investigated in three species of freshwater bivalves: a corbiculid, Corbiculafluminea , and two unionids, Carunculina texasensis and Ligumia subrostrata . Using 42K, all three were found to take up potassium from dilute artificial pondwater ([K+] about 0.05 mmoll+1). The influx ( J i) was 0.72μequiv g−1dry tissue h−1 in the corbiculid, significantly higher than the value of about 0.40μequiv g−1dry tissuer g−1 in the unionids. The K+ uptake displayed saturation kinetics in the range 0.05-0.36 mmoll−1: in Co. fluminea , there was a J max of 3.56μequiv g−1 dry tissue h−1 and the affinity coefficient ( K m) was 0.27mmoll−1; in Ca. texasensis, J max had a value of 1.8 μequiv g−1dry tissue h−1 and K m was 0.16mmoll−1. Using K+-free artificial pondwater containing 0.03-0.04 mmoll−1 Rb+, the Rb+ influx was 0.41μequiv g−1 dry tissue h−1 in the corbiculid and 0.28 μequiv g−1 dry tissue h−1 in Ca. texasensis . All animals lost K+ during the rubidium flux studies, and since they contained no Rb+, the Rb+ efflux was zero and the net flux was equal to the influx. The J max values for Rb+ were lower than the corresponding values for potassium: in Co. fluminea, J max was 1.4μequiv g−1 dry tissueh+1, significantly higher than in Ca. texasensis , which had J max of 0.84μequiv g−1 dry tissue h−1. The rubidium Km (approx. 0.05 mmoll−1) values were significantly lower than corresponding values for potassium. Salt depletion increased the rubidium transport rate fourfold for both Co. fluminea and Ca. texasensis . High rates of net K+ uptake may account for the bivalves' inability to tolerate elevated environmental potassium.
Application of DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model to simulate winter wheat response to irrigation management in the Texas High Plains

Abstract Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in the semi-arid Texas High Plains. Irrigated winter wheat production in this region mainly depends on water from the Ogallala Aquifer. However declining water levels in this aquifer is a major concern for producers and policy makers. A modeling study was conducted using the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model for accurate prediction of winter wheat grain and biomass yields and water use efficiency (WUE) responses to irrigation management in the Texas High Plains. Model calibration was performed using field observations of winter wheat response to nine irrigation treatments ranging from dryland to full irrigation. Close match of simulated crop phenology, grain and biomass yields, and evapotranspiration (ET) with observed data indicated accurate prediction of these parameters by the model. Results of simulations using historical weather data for 32 years (1980–2012) showed that a single irrigation of 100 mm at jointing or booting had 35% higher grain yield than dryland while 140 mm at anthesis or grain filling produced 68% higher grain yield compared to dryland. Simulation of biomass yield showed significant advantage of irrigating 100 mm at jointing or booting stage compared to 140 mm at anthesis or grain filling. Irrigation of 100 mm at jointing and 140 mm at anthesis (240 mm in total) was found to produce similar grain and biomass yields as full irrigation (400 mm). Deficit irrigation at grain filling significantly increased WUE compared to full irrigation. Advantage of deficit irrigation was more pronounced at seasons with below average precipitation. These results show the importance of irrigation timing in winter wheat production under water-limited conditions in the Texas High Plains.
A construção social da corrupção

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the importance of social constructions in the judgement of corruption. The recent economically-focused literature neglects such constructions and thus underdetermines the results of corruption. The way in which incentives are arranged, for instance, and the meaning they acquire for actors depend greatly on social, cultural and historical aspects. In fact, only by considering such aspects can we define more precisely many of the elements involved in corruption, such as bribery, extorsion, embezzlement, corrupt individuals, public duties, integrity, etc. And it is also because of these aspects that the corrupt activity can be “neutralized”, that is, justified so as not to constitute moral violation. This article sketches some sociological arguments about corruption, analysing exchanges within dyads and between individuals and organizations, the role of relative social status in corruption, patron-client relations, particularistic corruption, conflicts of interests and the role of ideology. Keywords: corruption; exchange; social constructions.
Choice of Partial Splenic Embolization Technique in Liver Transplant Recipients Correlates With Risk of Infectious Complications.

Abstract Background Complications of cirrhosis may persist after liver transplantation. When indicated, partial splenic embolization (PSE) is an alternative to splenectomy but can cause severe infection. The identification of modifiable risk factors when performing PSE in immunocompromised liver transplant recipients may help reduce the risk of severe infection. Methods Data were collected retrospectively for all PSE performed after liver transplantation at a single institution and included demographics, etiology of liver disease, indication for PSE, vaccination status, laboratory findings, procedural details, extent and pattern of splenic infarction, hospital length-of-stay, readmissions, procedural complications, and mortality. Statistical analysis included 2-tailed t test, Fisher exact test, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves, with significance defined as P Results Sixteen patients received 22 embolizations, with 11 patients undergoing a single session and 5 patients undergoing multiple sessions. Indications included hypersplenism, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, ascites, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PSE produced significant and sustained cell count increases, improved ascites, and controlled hemorrhage. Splenic abscess, septic shock, need for splenectomy, and PSE-related mortality were seen in the group with large confluent splenic infarction but not in peripheral/wedge-shaped infarction. Multiple-session PSE exclusively using particles for embolization correlated with the pattern of peripheral/wedge-shaped infarction and avoided severe infection and PSE-related mortality. Conclusions PSE in the immunosuppressed liver transplant recipient is an effective alternative to splenectomy, but carries substantial infectious risk. The risk is decreased when PSE performed with polyvinyl alcohol particles results in a pattern of peripheral/wedge-shaped infarction, which correlates with smaller infarction volumes, favorable length-of-stay, and minimal risk of abscess, sepsis, and mortality.
Testosterone receptor blockade after trauma and hemorrhage attenuates depressed adrenal function

Although the testosterone receptor antagonist flutamide restores the depressed immune function in males after trauma and hemorrhage, it remains unknown whether this agent has any salutary effects on adrenal function. To study this, male rats underwent laparotomy and were bled to and maintained at a blood pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of the shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate. Animals were then resuscitated and flutamide (25 mg/kg body wt) was administered subcutaneously. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone, as well as adrenal corticosterone and cAMP were measured 20 h after resuscitation. In additional animals, ACTH was administered and ACTH-induced corticosterone release and adrenal cAMP were determined. The results indicate that adrenal contents of corticosterone and cAMP were significantly decreased and morphology was altered after hemorrhage. Administration of flutamide improved corticosterone content, restored cAMP content, and attenuated adrenal morphological alterations. Flutamide also improved the diminished ACTH-induced corticosterone release and adrenal cAMP response at 20 h after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Furthermore, the diminished corticosterone response to ACTH stimulation in the isolated adrenal preparation was improved with flutamide. These results suggest that flutamide is a useful adjunct for improving adrenal function in males following trauma and hemorrhage.
Rethinking Freedom of the Press After 9/11

This essay explores a familiar paradox: We need strong judicial protection of our expressive freedoms during periods when courts are least likely to protect them. The essay claims that the United States entered such a period after 9/11, and that we remain there still. More specifically, the essay argues that events since 9/11 reveal the importance of rethinking free press jurisprudence. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the Supreme Court reached a settlement of free press doctrine that provided extremely strong protection against prior restraints on publication, somewhat reduced, yet still strong, protection against the imposition of civil or criminal liability for publication, and little, if any, protection for such ancillary press rights as news-gathering. Events following 9/11 have revealed that this hierarchy may permit the federal government to disable the press from performing one of its core functions during a time of national crisis: informing "We the People" of the actions our officials are taking in our name to safeguard national security. A matrix of federal statutes makes criminal the receipt, possession, and disclosure of classified national security information to those who are not authorized to receive such information. While the Pentagon Papers decision made clear the difficulty the government would face in obtaining an injunction against press publication of classified information, current free press doctrine invites criminal prosecution against the press for receiving, possessing or disclosing classified information. Current doctrine also provides an alternative route for the government to suppress press publication of classified information. By convening a grand jury to prosecute the government employees who leak classified information to the press for publication, prosecutors can subpoena journalists to identify government leakers. The essay argues that free press doctrine should be strengthened to provide the press the same degree of protection against criminal prosecution for publishing classified national security information of high first amendment value that it currently receives against prior restraints on publication. The essay also argues that the justices should rethink its decision in Branzburg v. Hayes categorically denying journalists a confidential source privilege, and that they should create a strong default rule providing for such a privilege in the typical case where prosecutors enlist the aid of journalists to expose government employees who have leaked classified information for press publication.
Proportionate mortality among us army vietnam veterans who served in military region I

A proportionate mortality study was conducted to determine if the post-service mortality experience of 6,668 Army Vietnam veterans who served in Military Region I (I Corps) was different from that of 27,917 Army non-Vietnam veterans. These veterans served in the US military between 1965 and 1973 and had died as of December 31, 1984. Statistically significant excesses of deaths were observed for motor vehicle accidents and accidental poisonings, with accidental poisonings having the largest elevation. Suicides and deaths due to any other major disease categories including malignant neoplasms were no more frequent among the I Corps veterans than their counterparts.
Provably Correct Development of reconfigurable hardware designs via equational reasoning

There is a semantic gap between the hardware definition languages used to design and implement hardware and the languages and logics used to formally specify and verify them. Bridging this gap—i.e., constructing formal models from existing hardware artifacts—can be costly, time-consuming, and error prone—and yet utterly necessary if formal verification is to proceed. This work demonstrates that this gap can be collapsed by starting in a pure functional language that is also a hardware description language, and that equational style verifications may be performed directly on the source text of a hardware design, thereby significantly lowering the verification cost for reconfigurable designs. When combined with an efficient compiler, this methodology achieves both good performance and low cost verification.
Transactional Memory Scheduling Using Machine Learning Techniques

Current shared memory multi-core systems require powerful software and hardware techniques to support the performance parallel computation and consistency simultaneously. The use of transactional memory results in significant improvement of performance by avoiding thread synchronization and locks overhead. Also, transactions scheduling apparently influences the performance of transactional memory. In this paper, we study the fairness of transactions' scheduling using Lazy Snapshot Algorithm. The fairness of transactions' scheduling aims to balance between transactions types which are read-only and update transactions. Indeed, we support the fairness of the scheduling procedure by a machine learning technique. The machine learning techniques improve the fairness decisions according to transactions' history. The experiments in this paper show that the throughput of the Lazy Snapshot Algorithm is improved with a machine learning support. Indeed, our experiments show that the learning significantly affects the performance if the durations of update transactions are much longer than read-only ones. We also study several machine learning techniques to investigate the fairness decisions accuracy. In fact, K-Nearest Neighbor machine learning technique shows more accuracy and more suitability, for our problem, than Support Vector Machine Model and Hidden Markov Model.
Analysis of Male Gypsy Moths for Microgram Quantities of Tepa

A method has been developed whereby residues of the chemosterilant tepa can be determined easily to 0.5 μg/ gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.). The method involves cleanup of moth extracts by means of column chromatography followed by colorimetric analysis. Preliminary cleanup attempts with thin-layer chromatography were unsuccessful. Data obtained indicate that the amount of tepa residues in moths depends on the holding time after treatment. The residues diminish with increasing holding times between treatment and analysis. Washing treated moths with water also has been found helpful in lowering the tepa residue. In general, it can be stated that the lowest practical level obtainable is in the order of 1 to 5 μg. These levels were obtained by washing immediately after treatment followed by a holding period of 0–16 hours. All residue data were determined on moths which had been exposed for a period of 8 hours to residual films of 1 mg/dm2 of tepa. This treatment is currently considered the most practical for producing sterile moths for field release.
Are you confidently competent

Nurse manager competencies have been recognized as key contributors to a healthcare organization's success.1 In 1994, the Nurse Manager Competency Instrument (NMCI) was developed to measure competencies necessary for the role. Economic, workforce, and population changes were driving forces influ
Summary of Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow: Effect of Nerves and Neurotransmitters: Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, June 16–18, 1981

In 1977 the first comprehensive symposium about neural regulation of cerebral blood flow was held in Stockholm. The symposium, which was organized by Drs. Christer Owman and Lars Edvinsson, was stimulating and provocative. It was essentially a workshop: new data were presented and controver­ sial problems and contradictory results were dis­ cussed at length (see Owman and Edvinsson, 1977). Dr. Melvin Marcus and I thought that it would be appropriate to bring together a number of active investigators in this area of research to reexamine in depth the cerebral vascular effects of nerves and neurotransmitters. There were several reasons to think that a symposium would be timely. First, there have been important recent advances in un­ derstanding cellular mechanisms of cerebral ves­ sels. Second, a systematic examination of cerebral vascular effects of neurotransmitters has led to a consensus in some areas. Third, recent evidence has resolved some of the controversy concerning effects of sympathetic nerves on cerebral vessels. Fourth, studies in vitro and in vivo concerning the role of vasodilator mechanisms have resulted in conflicting results, for reasons that are unclear. Fifth, the role of central neural pathways in the reg­ ulation of cerebral blood flow remains unsettled. The studies of central pathways, which are difficult and challenging, require careful examination and cautious interpretation. The symposium was planned by an organizing committee that was diverse in terms of area of interests and geography. The committee members were Drs. John Bevan, Murray Harper, Donald
Actions of metiamide, an H2-histamine receptor antagonist, on gastric H+ and pepsin secretion in dogs.

Metiamide, a thiourea analog of histamine, is an antagonist of the gastric histamine receptor (type H2). At doses of 0.2 and 0.5 mg per kg-hr, it acted as a potent competitive inhibitor of H+ secreted in response to step-doses of histamine, pentagastrin, and Urecholine. At a dose of 2.5 mg per kg-hr, metiamide almost completely inhibited histamine stimulation (acting uncompetitively), but had a less potent effect on pentagastrin and 2-deoxyglucose stimulated H+ secretion. By contrast, during metiamide administration, pepsin secretion stimulated by the cholinergic stimuli, Urecholine and 2-deoxyglucose, was further increased, while H+ secretion was inhibited. These data are difficult to explain on the basis of strict specificity of metiamide for the gastric H2-histamine receptor, and several possible postulates are discussed.
Recent Highlights from VERITAS

VERITAS is a ground-based gamma-ray observatory consisting of an array of four atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes located in southern Arizona, USA. VERITAS carries out an extensive observation program of the gamma-ray sky at energies above 0.1 TeV. Observations of Galactic and extragalactic sources in the TeV band are sensitive probes of the highly energetic processes occurring in these objects. Observations by VERITAS of the Galactic center and nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies provide constraints on particle dark matter with masses above a few hundred GeV. VERITAS observations also provide constraints on fundamental physics and cosmology, such as probing the history of galaxy formation and studying Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). The majority of the sources detected by VERITAS are active galactic nuclei (AGN), with gamma-ray emission originating in their relativistic jets. TeV observations of AGN help us constrain models of particle acceleration and energy dissipation in relativistic jets, and the size and location of the gamma-ray emission region. Galactic sources at TeV energies include supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, and binary systems, and TeV emission is a key diagnostic of the highly energetic particles in these objects. VERITAS observations provide important clues on the origin of cosmic rays and on particle acceleration in supernova blast shocks and relativistic pulsar wind-termination shocks. In this article I will present some highlights of particle-astrophysics measurements made with VERITAS.
Photodermatoses: Kids are not just little people

Photodermatoses are a group of skin disorders caused by abnormal reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Photodermatoses are divided into four groups: (1) immunologically mediated photodermatoses; (2) chemical- and drug-induced photodermatoses; (3) photoaggravated dermatoses; and (4) hereditary photodermatoses. This contribution discusses differences in the approach and diagnosis of pediatric and adult patients with suspected photodermatoses, focusing on immunologically mediated photodermatoses and chemical- and drug-induced photodermatoses.
Predicting depressive symptoms at the intersection of attribution and minority stress theories

ABSTRACTA nationwide online survey targeting college- and university-based LGBT student groups, community organizations, LGBT electronic mailing lists, and social media was utilized to collect data and measure the associations among victimization, childhood trauma, and attributional style (AS) in relation to depressive symptomology in LGBT young adults. Participants were 18- to 22-year-old LGBT individuals from across the United States, the majority of whom (88.9%) were European American. All participants reported same-sex attractions and/or behaviors in their lifetimes and/or identified as gender diverse. We hypothesized that childhood trauma and victimization (i.e., negative events) would be positively correlated with depressive symptoms and that a positive AS (i.e., attributing trauma and victimization to external, unstable, and specific causes) would buffer the relationship between trauma, victimization, and depression. Despite a nonsignificant moderated effect, positive AS may buffer overall against ...
Southwestern Pottery Standardization: An Ethnoarchaeological View from the Philippines

ABSTRACTArchaeologists assume that products of specialists will be standardized and that standardized pottery reveals the presence of full-time potters. To test these assumptions, two populations of contemporary Philippine cooking pots are studied: those made on a household basis by the Kalinga, a “tribal” society, and those from Paradijon, a neighborhood of full-time potters. The data indicate that pots from Paradijon are much more standardized than those from Kalinga. Furthermore, the degree of standardization among prehistoric cooking pots from Grasshopper Ruin, in east-central Arizona, is examined in this context. We conclude that without knowledge of ceramic classes that were meaningful to the pottery makers, it is difficult to make reliable assessments of standardization in prehistoric assemblages.
The electronic medical record in 2016: Advantages and disadvantages

The electronic medical record (EMR) is now nearly ubiquitous in the USA. This article will review the EMR system with respect to goals, utilization, advantages compared with hand written records, as well as problems and/or disadvantages of the EMR system.
Effects of Bioactive Compounds on Odontogenic Differentiation and Mineralization

Direct pulp capping involves the placement of dental materials directly onto vital pulp tissues after deep caries removal to stimulate the regeneration of reparative dentin. This physical barrier will serve as a "biological seal" between these materials and the pulp tissue. Although numerous direct pulp capping materials are available, the use of small bioactive compounds that can potently stimulate and expedite reparative dentin formation is still underexplored. Here, the authors compared and evaluated the pro-osteogenic and pro-odontogenic effects of 4 small bioactive compounds- phenamil (Phen), purmorphamine (Pur), genistein (Gen), and metformin (Met). The authors found that these compounds at noncytotoxic concentrations induced differentiation and mineralization of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and preodontoblastic dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, Phen consistently and potently induced differentiation and mineralization in vitro. A single treatment with Phen was sufficient to enhance the mineralization potential of DPSCs in vitro. More importantly, Phen-treated DPSCs showed enhanced odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in vivo. Our study suggests that these small bioactive compounds merit further study for their potential clinical use as pulp capping materials.
“Justice for all”: An examination of self‐identified LGBT job satisfaction in the US federal workforce

The diversity management literature is inconsistent regarding factors that affect job satisfaction of marginalized groups. We examine job satisfaction of LGBTs in the US federal workforce by following the path of the diversity management and job satisfaction research. We empirically test this relationship using the 2014 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey employing confirmatory factor analysis and structural equal modelling. We find that increased perceptions of a culture of diversity contribute to LGBT employee perception of their skills being effectively utilized as well as employee job satisfaction. We also find that LGBT's perception of their skills directly contributes to job satisfaction. We conclude by offering policy implications for public managers to consider when developing diversity management strategies for marginalized groups. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's Use of Semantic Context in Perception of Foreign-Accented Speech.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate children's use of semantic context to facilitate foreign-accented word recognition in noise. Method Monolingual American English speaking 5- to 7-ye...
William Jefferson Clinton: The Post-Cold War’s Inward Look

Henriksen describes how President Clinton embarked on a disengagement cycle by his “focus like a laser” on the American economy, health care, education, and drug problems. His backing the Congressional passage of North American Free Trade Agreement was based on its assessed positive economic impact. The “Black Hawk Down” incident in Somalia, which recorded the death of several special forces troops in Mogadishu, snuffed out Clinton’s already low interest in military incursions abroad. His reluctance for overseas ventures caused him to ignore calls by his own party for armed intervention into Haiti to restore an elected president until politically forced. Likewise, Clinton dismissed pleas to rescue Rwanda from interethnic genocide contributing to the deaths of nearly a million people. He tried to head off North Korea’s nuclear ambitions with the controversial Agreed Framework deal rather than a conflict.
The Use of Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloSCT) for Recurrence after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) in Hodgkin's Disease (HD).

Autologous stem cell transplantation(ASCT) can cure up to 50% of patients with relapsed or refractory HD. However, for patients who relapse post ASCT or develop post transplant myelodsyplasia (t-MDS), standard chemotherapy options offer little chance of long-term disease free survival (DFS). The use of allogeneic stem cell (alloSCT) may provide a means of control of the HD through the immune mediated effects of an allogeneic approach and also be curative for concomitant t-MDS. While traditional alloSCT in HD patients was fraught with high treatment related mortality, a reduced intensity conditioning regimen may reduce upfront mortality while still providing long term DFS. Between 11/00 and 1/04, fourteen patients underwent reduced intensity alloSCT at the City of Hope Cancer Center. Median age at alloSCT was 31years (range18–47). Median time from HD diagnosis to alloSCT was 36mos (range 3–123). Eleven patients had relapsed post ASCT and one post syngeneic transplant. One of the pts also had t- MDS. The median time from ASCT to alloSCT was 20 mos(range1–45). Ten pts received sibling alloSCT and four unrelated donor. The conditioning regimen consisted of Fludarabine 125mg/m 2 + Melphalan 140mg/m 2 . All patients received a Cyclosporin(CSA) based graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen; nine in conjunction with Mycophenolate Mofetil and three in conjunction with Methotrexate. Seven developed acute GVHD (3-GrIII-IV). Two patients died of GVHD. There was no other significant regimen related toxicity. Median length of followup for surviving patients is 55 mos. For eleven evaluable pts, one year OS and DFS are 77% (95%CI 49–100) and 58% (95%CI 25–91) respectively (figure 1). The pt with concomitant t-MDS also achieved a hematologic remission. In conclusion, reduced intensity alloSCT may provide a salvage for heavily pretreated patients with HD that have failed ASCT and who otherwise have a poor prognosis, and it can also provide a treatment for late secondary complications of transplantation such as t-MDS.
Berkeleyan idealism and Christian philosophy

Berkeleyan idealism, or ‘immaterialism,’ has had an enormous impact on the history of philosophy during the last three centuries. In recent years, Christian scholars have been especially active in exploring ways that Berkeley's thesis may be fruitfully applied to a variety of issues in philosophy and theology. This essay provides an overview of some of the ways Christian philosophers have deployed immaterialism to solve problems and generate insights in metaphysics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, and philosophical theology.
The First American Interpretation of Hegel in J. B. Stallo’s Philosophy of Science

Among the Ohio Hegelians — an informal group of writers and social reformers who championed Hegel’s thought in Cincinnati from 1848 to 1860, prior to the St. Louis Philosophical Society — John Bernard Stallo was outstanding in mastery of philosophy and public influence.1 His special interest was philosophy of science, the underlying principles and assumptions of physics, chemistry, biology and sociology and the foundations of knowledge in those areas. Pursuing this interest in his teaching and writing, he concentrated on two main points he found in Hegel: first, the thesis that all experience and the actualities of nature and society are essentially process, becoming, development, evolution; secondly, the thesis that the real nature of things is not to be found in a separate realm, a ‘beyond’ that transcends experience, but rather in the phenomena themselves taken concretely in their verifiable connections and context.
Statistical Process Control Charts as a Tool for Analyzing Big Data

Big data often take the form of data streams with observations of certain processes collected sequentially over time. Among many different purposes, one common task to collect and analyze big data is to monitor the longitudinal performance/status of the related processes. To this end, statistical process control (SPC) charts could be a useful tool, although conventional SPC charts need to be modified properly in some cases. In this paper, we introduce some basic SPC charts and some of their modifications, and describe how these charts can be used for monitoring different types of processes. Among many potential applications, dynamic disease screening and profile/image monitoring will be discussed in some detail.
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Among Child Care Center Directors in 2008 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: Children in child care centers represent an important population to consider in attempts to mitigate the spread of an influenza pandemic. This national survey, conducted in 2008 and 2016, assessed directors’ reports of their child care centers’ pandemic influenza preparation before and after the 2009 H1N1 novel influenza pandemic. METHODS: This was a telephone-based survey of child care center directors randomly selected from a national database of licensed US child care centers who were queried about their preparedness for pandemic influenza. We grouped conceptually related items in 6 domains into indexes: general infection control, communication, seasonal influenza control, use of health consultants, quality of child care, and perceived barriers. These indexes, along with other center and director characteristics, were used to predict pandemic influenza preparedness. RESULTS: Among 1500 and 518 child care center directors surveyed in 2008 and 2016, respectively, preparation for pandemic influenza was low and did not improve. Only 7% of directors had taken concrete actions to prepare their centers. Having served as a center director during the 2009 influenza pandemic did not influence preparedness. After adjusting for covariates, child care health consultation and years of director’s experience were positively associated with pandemic influenza preparation, whereas experiencing perceived barriers such as lack of knowing what to do in the event of pandemic influenza, was negatively associated with pandemic influenza preparedness. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic influenza preparedness of child care center’s directors needs to improve. Child care health consultants are likely to be important collaborators in addressing this problem.
Drum Level Regulation at all Loads

Abstract This paper investigates feedwater regulation over the 0-100% the load range for conventional drum type power plants. A nonlinear model of the drum, circulation loop and associated equipment is developed. The effectiveness of conventional one and three element controllers are considered.
Oddly ordinary seaborgium

The correct position of new elements in the periodic table is not a trivial matter. We understand the periodic table in terms of the filling of electron shells — a process that would seem to be entirely predictable. But relativistic effects can make the heaviest elements behave in unexpected ways. Now chemistry has been extended to element 106 (seaborgium). Experiments on just seven atoms, each lasting a few seconds, place seaborgium firmly in group six of the periodic table, under tungsten and molybdenum, raising the question of why it behaves in such a conventional way.
Liquid level sensing for harsh environment applications using distributed fiber optic temperature measurements

Abstract This work demonstrates the measurement of liquid level from spatially distributed temperature measurements using optical frequency domain reflectometry. The goal of this work is to provide initial evidence for a liquid level sensor concept that could be applied in harsh environments such as those with: conductive, flammable, or other chemically aggressive media; electromagnetic interference; high temperatures (up to ∼1000 °C); and neutron/gamma radiation. The sensor concept includes fiber optic sensors, along with an insulated heater wire assembled inside a protective Inconel 600 sheath. When the heater is not powered, the sensor provides spatially distributed temperature measurements along the length of the fiber. When the heater is powered, the difference in heat transfer in the liquid vs. vapor sections leads to a higher fiber temperature at locations above the liquid/vapor interface. The initial demonstration described in this work tested the sensor in a tank of water that was drained in increments of 2.5 cm. A model for determining liquid level from the distributed temperature measurements was developed that resulted in an accuracy of ±0.5 cm. The paper addresses potential effects of axial conduction through the sensor sheath, as well as ways to limit these effects to avoid “smearing” of what would otherwise be a step change in temperature at the liquid/vapor interface.
Ten Years of Breastfeeding Progress: The Role and Contributions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Our Partners.

Abstract For most infants, there is no better source of nutrition than breast milk. Breastfeeding is more than a lifestyle choice; it is an investment in the health of mothers and babies. Over the ...
Cosmopolitan Culture and Consumerism in Chick Lit

Cosmopolitan Culture and Consumerism in Chick Lit focuses on the literary phenomenon popularly known as chick lit, and the way in which this genre interfaces with magazines, self-help books, romantic comedies, and domestic-advice publications. This recent trend in women’s popular fiction, which began in 1996 with the publication of British author Helen Fielding’s novel Bridget Jones’s Diary, uses first person narration to chronicle the romantic tribulations of its young, single, white, heterosexual, urban heroines. Critics of the genre have failed to fully appreciate chick lit’s complicated representations of women as both readers and consumers. In this study, Smith argues that chick lit questions the "consume and achieve promise" offered by advice manuals marketed toward women, subverting the consumer industry to which it is so closely linked and challenging cultural expectations of women as consumers, readers, and writers, and of popular fiction itself.
Two-Year Institution and Community College Web Accessibility: Updating the Literature after the 2018 Section 508 Amendment

On January 18th, 2018, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) required all federal aid-receiving institutions of higher education (Title IV) to publish web accessible websites for people with di...
Lower volume, more impairment: reduced cholinergic basal forebrain grey matter density is associated with impaired cognition in Parkinson disease

Objective A major contributor to dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) is degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain. This study determined whether cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) density is associated with cognition in early and more advanced PD. Methods We analysed brain MRIs and neuropsychological test scores for 228 newly diagnosed PD participants from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), 101 healthy controls from the PPMI and 125 more advanced PD patients from a local retrospective cohort. Cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei densities were determined by applying probabilistic maps to MPRAGE T1 sequences processed using voxel-based morphometry methods. Relationships between grey matter densities and cognitive scores were analysed using correlations and linear regression models. Results In more advanced PD, greater Ch4 density was associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (β=14.2; 95% CI=1.5 to 27.0; p=0.03), attention domain z-score (β=3.2; 95% CI=0.8 to 5.5; p=0.008) and visuospatial domain z-score (β=7.9; 95% CI=2.0 to 13.8; p=0.009). In the PPMI PD cohort, higher Ch4 was associated with higher scores on MoCA (β=9.2; 95% CI=1.9 to 16.5; p=0.01), Judgement of Line Orientation (β=20.4; 95% CI=13.8 to 27.0; p Conclusion In de novo and more advanced PD, lower Ch4 density is associated with impaired global cognition, attention and visuospatial function.