cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research Report on Criminal Prosecution in California Courts of Former President George Bush for Conspiracy to Commit Murder and Murder

With the end of the War in Iraq announced by sitting President Barack Obama in 2011, another opportunity arises for accountability for instigating that war.An unexplored avenue for accountability for a former American President in the American structure is the state criminal prosecution. This alternative path conducted in appropriate circumstances appears to be foreseen in our constitutional structure. This alternative path is a means for assuring the double protection of the rights of the People as was envisioned by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Originally prepared at the invitation of Vincent Bugliosi, this research report explores the opportunities and hurdles for a state (as opposed to federal) criminal prosecution of former President George W. Bush for ordinary state crimes of conspiracy to commit murder and murder for the deaths of American soldiers in the War in Iraq.This research report examines the dual nature of a former President defendant, federalism tensions, separation of powers tensions, state criminal jurisdiction for these crimes, federal officer removal, habeas and other possible interventions in state and federal courts, likely defenses such as federal exclusive domain, federal preemption, state secrets privilege (national security), executive privilege, supremacy clause immunity, qualified immunity, the political question doctrine, the act of state doctrine, self-defense or necessity defenses, sitting President or governor interventions, the innocent agent doctrine, limitations on Presidential War Power including whether there is a possibility of taking the country to war under false pretenses, Curtiss-Wright and the Youngstown trilogy and the United States international law obligations.The research report concludes that, while recognizing the difficulties, such a state criminal prosecution can be done and, as a normative matter with regard to the deaths of American soldiers in the War in Iraq, should be done.The hope is that the research report can serve as a template. The report fleshes out an expressive domestic alternative path to accountability for high-level federal officials that complements federal criminal prosecution, impeachment for political liability, electoral accountability for political liability in our domestic structure, as well as foreign or international tribunal criminal prosecution.
Promotion of Healing by Benzoyl Peroxide and Other Agents.

This is a study designed in part to test the suggestion of the late Prof. A. S. Loevenhart that certain organic peroxides (benzoyl peroxide in particular) should be superior to anything now employed for the healing of skin lesions. This is because of their antiseptic action, without protein precipitation, by the slow but continuous liberation of “active” oxygen in contact with living tissue, and because of a supposed beneficial effect of this liberated oxygen on the healing process. Failure of these agents to coagulate protein should be a weighty argument in their favor, since it may be claimed that antiseptics which have this action delay healing to just that extent. Some evidence in support of these views was furnished by Loevenhart.1Experimental: About 25 square cc. on the inner surface of the leg below the knee was shaved, washed and dried. By means of a small pipette, 0.1 cc. concentrated sulphuric acid was applied to each of 8 spots, 2 cm. apart, within the area. Each drop of acid was allowed to rem...
How good a Samaritan should you be

State law and your level of training determine whether you're legally protected when using your nursing skills in an emergency.
Achieving Benchmark Results for Neonatal Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Related Anomalies in an Emerging Program.

Background:Results of surgical management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and related anomalies are often compared to published benchmark data which reflect the use of a variety of surgical and hybrid protocols. We report encouraging results achieved in an emerging program, despite a learning curve at all care levels. Rather than relying on a single preferred protocol, surgical management was based on matching surgical strategy to individual patient factors.Methods:From 2010 to 2014, a total of 47 consecutive patients with HLHS or related anomalies with ductal-dependent systemic circulation underwent initial surgical palliation, including 30 Norwood stage I, 8 hybrid stage I, and 9 salvage-to-Norwood procedures. True hybrid procedures entailed bilateral pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting. In the salvage-to-Norwood strategy, ductal stenting was withheld in favor of continued prostaglandin infusion in anticipation of a deferred Norwood procedure. Cardiac comorbidities (obstructed pulmona...
Approaches to Utilizing Aspects of Cognitive Function as Indicators of Neurotoxicity

Publisher Summary This chapter proposes research approaches that utilize complex brain functions, modeled by specific behaviors, as biomarkers of neurotoxicity. The focus in this chapter is on efforts to increase the use of laboratory animals, instead of humans, as sources of experimental data. The need to use animal models for predicting the effects of neuroactive agents on complex brain functions in humans is absolute and has led to the development of automated systems for administering identical behavioral tasks to both laboratory animals and humans. The maintenance of task continuity across species allows for the quantitative determination of interspecies similarities and differences in complex brain function and assists in the extrapolation of data from laboratory animals to humans. Efforts to develop behaviors for modeling additional complex brain functions in animals will increase the number of functional domains amenable to the risk assessment process. This chapter elaborates similarities between human and monkey performance of complex behavioral tasks. The chapter also describes in detail the test battery approach for interspecies comparisons.
Design validation of .18 /spl mu/m 1 GHz cache and register arrays

This paper describes the design and results of SRAM experiments from a prototype test chip in IBM's .18 /spl mu/m 7 level metal copper technology. Results and approaches for assuring product applications at 1 GHz across wide process ranges will be discussed. Aggressive product cycle time SRAM applications for IBM's S/390 L2 cache chips require multifaceted approaches to address the following: (a) SRAM operability in product-like clocking and ABIST environments, (b) Demonstration of yield using 2 dimensional redundancy, (c) Characterization of SRAM signals used in the macro timing rules, (d) Obtain high volume pre-product manufacturing test data, (e) Verify SRAM functionality at technology stress test conditions.
The Problem Introduced

Very few persons interested in freewill as a philosophical problem will have any great need for an introduction to the points at issue. Indeed, the problem of freewill must surely be one of the most popular of all philosophical and religious issues. It must occur to most everyone to wonder whether his life and actions are altogether fated or not. “What will be, will be,” is a popular saying expressing one side of the issue. Soldiers will say of a fallen comrade, “His number came up” expressing again what is conceived to be the inevitability of certain events.
Scalp Cooling: A Literature Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability for Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia .

Background More than 75% of patients with cancer cite alopecia as the most feared side effect of treatment, with as many as 10% considering treatment refusal. Despite wide acceptance in other countries, scalp cooling to reduce chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) has been uncommon in the United States because of longstanding concerns of scalp metastases and a lack of reliable efficacy data. . Objectives This article reviews 40 years of efficacy, safety, and tolerability literature on scalp cooling to prevent CIA. . Methods A systematic review was performed in PubMed and CINAHL®. Forty articles were reviewed, with 12 articles demonstrating high levels of evidence and meeting inclusion criteria. Comparative trials, systematic reviews, and one large single-arm trial were included. . Findings Scalp cooling efficacy is dependent on many factors but demonstrates better hair preservation than no cooling. No increase in scalp metastases or statistically significant difference in overall survival was seen in retrospective safety data when cooling was used. Few patients discontinue cooling early because of adverse experiences.
Different Approaches to Teaching the History of Psychology: Excerpts From a 1977 APA Symposium

The history of psychology is an intriguing field and one that is becoming more and more sophisticated. The growth is positively accelerated even though it has taken place in a context in which the field has essentially an adjunctive role. Very few people are employed to devote full time to history. Yet, the specialty is considered by some to be very important, by others to be crucial; in some instances, it is perceived as the arbiter. One effect of this part-time exaltation is a bimodal distribution of teachers of the history of psychology. Some are devoted to the topic and pursue it intently, in spite of forced competition with other professional responsibilities, whereas others are conscripted instructors. The latter individuals are assigned to teach the course and they may or may not resent this assignment, but they are usually unprepared for it. Intrinsic to this spread is a wide gap between the knowledge of the history of psychology and the dissemination of this knowledge. The symposium was intended to narrow that gap.
Functional imaging of cells and tissues: NAD(P)H and flavoprotein redox imaging

This chapter describes redox imaging of cells, tissues, and organs based on these intrinsic fluorescent probes of cellular metabolism." Cellular metabolism may be noninvasively monitored through the "optical method" based on the fluorescence intensity of intrinsic probe molecules. The intrinsic fluorescent probes, which report on cellular metabolism, are the reduced pyridine nucleotides, NAD(P)H, and the oxidized flavoproteins.
Does Permitless Carry Raise Murder Rates

Many American states are repealing concealed weapon licensing laws, allowing anyone who may lawfully possess a gun (sometimes limited to residents of the state), to carry a gun concealed without a license. This article examines the question of whether such laws affect murder rates, and if so, in what direction.
Interview with a Thought Leader on Systems Medicine—Weiniu Gan, PhD

Dr. Weiniu Gan is the Program Director of the Genetics, Genomics, and Advanced Technologies Program for the Lung Division within the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the U.S. National I...
Percutaneous Management of Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations

As discussed, the most useful classification of vascular malformations to date is the one by Mulliken and Glowaki. The majority of vascular malformations can be diagnosed clinically with MRI now the gold standard to delineate the extent of the lesion or in cases where the diagnosis is in doubt.
Emotive Driver Advisor System (EDAS)

This paper describes the Emotive Driver Advisory System (EDAS), Ford Research & Advanced Engineering’s project on next generation driver assistance. EDAS integrates several emerging technologies, focusing on personalization and adaptive and intelligent behavior. We will provide a high-level overview of the EDAS architecture, focusing on novel consumer-facing features, such as the emotive spoken dialogue system and an Avatar as an automotive human machine interface. Furthermore, we will discuss the benefits of cloud-based vehicle infotainment and decision support and how this can be integrated in a vehicle environment. The system concept was revealed at the 2009 Consumer Electronics Show and the 2009 North American International Auto Show.
Accountability of Business Improvement District in Urban Governance Networks: An Investigation of State Enabling Laws:

A conceptual framework is proposed to investigate the accountability of business improvement district (BID) in urban governance networks and it is applied in analyses of BID state enabling laws in ...
Synergies Between Cloud-Fag-Thing and Brain-Spinal Cord-Nerve Networks

This paper is directed towards describing the striking similarities and synergies between cloud and fog nodes that constitute the cloud-Jog-thing [Fog Network] architecture proposed for 5G networks and the human brain-spinal cord-nerve network model. On the one hand, the central nervous system can be better modeled considering the duality with Fog Networks, and, on the other hand, novel algorithms/protocols inspired from the central nervous system can be developed for throughput and latency performance improvement in Fog Networks. Designing and managing large-scale Fog Networks using stochastic geometry and machine learning is applied to determine the optimum number of fog nodes and their locations that optimize throughput and latency for 5G networks. Having observed the close relation between the Fog Networks and the spinal cord, these results may be adapted to increase understanding of the role of spinal cord plasticity in learning and ultimately suggest new means of treating central nervous system disorders associated with the spinal cord plasticity. Inspired by the cooperation between the brain and the spinal cord, a modified coded caching policy is proposed for Fog Networks, that is, the files to be stored at the fog nodes are determined as a result of continuous information flow between cloud and fog nodes through the latent variables assigned to files.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes: A Review.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease that can lead to increased afterload, left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. We reviewed the literature addressing the impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on LV remodeling and patients’ outcomes by elimination of AS-related high afterload. TAVR reduces afterload and improves LV remodeling recovery. However, myocardial fibrosis may not completely reverse after the TAVR. The LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) induced by AS is an independent predictor of post-TAVR mortality, and mortality increases with severity of LVDD. The impact of diastolic dysfunction on patient outcomes emerges at 30 days but continues to persist during mid-term follow-up. Based on severity of the baseline LVDD, some patients may tolerate post-TAVR aortic regurgitation (AR), but even minimal post-TAVR AR in patients with severe baseline LVDD can have an additive negative impact on survival. It is crucial to consider TAVR prior to development of advanced LVDD. Appropriate device selection and deployment technique are important in improvement of TAVR outcomes via elimination of AR.
Machine Learning Approaches to Analyze Speech-Evoked Neurophysiological Responses

Purpose Speech-evoked neurophysiological responses are often collected to answer clinically and theoretically driven questions concerning speech and language processing. Here, we highlight the practical application of machine learning (ML)-based approaches to analyzing speech-evoked neurophysiological responses. Method Two categories of ML-based approaches are introduced: decoding models, which generate a speech stimulus output using the features from the neurophysiological responses, and encoding models, which use speech stimulus features to predict neurophysiological responses. In this review, we focus on (a) a decoding model classification approach, wherein speech-evoked neurophysiological responses are classified as belonging to 1 of a finite set of possible speech events (e.g., phonological categories), and (b) an encoding model temporal response function approach, which quantifies the transformation of a speech stimulus feature to continuous neural activity. Results We illustrate the utility of the classification approach to analyze early electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to Mandarin lexical tone categories from a traditional experimental design, and to classify EEG responses to English phonemes evoked by natural continuous speech (i.e., an audiobook) into phonological categories (plosive, fricative, nasal, and vowel). We also demonstrate the utility of temporal response function to predict EEG responses to natural continuous speech from acoustic features. Neural metrics from the 3 examples all exhibit statistically significant effects at the individual level. Conclusion We propose that ML-based approaches can complement traditional analysis approaches to analyze neurophysiological responses to speech signals and provide a deeper understanding of natural speech and language processing using ecologically valid paradigms in both typical and clinical populations.
GPS use negatively affects environmental learning through spatial transformation abilities

Abstract Research has established that GPS use negatively affects environmental learning and navigation in laboratory studies. Furthermore, the ability to mentally rotate objects and imagine locations from other perspectives (both known as spatial transformations) is positively related to environmental learning. Using previously validated spatial transformation and environmental learning tasks, the current study assessed a theoretical model where long-term GPS use is associated with worse mental rotation and perspective-taking spatial transformation abilities, which then predicts decreased ability to learn novel environments. We expected this prediction to hold even after controlling for self-reported navigation ability, which is also associated with better spatial transformation and environmental learning capabilities. We found that mental rotation and perspective-taking ability fully account for the effect of GPS use on learning of a virtual environment. This relationship remained after controlling for existing navigation ability. Specifically, GPS use is negatively associated with perspective-taking indirectly through mental rotation; we propose that GPS use affects the transformation ability common to mental rotation and perspective-taking.
Middle Eastern Dance and What We Call It

This article traces the historical background of the term ‘belly dance’, the English-language name for a complex of solo, improvised dance styles of Middle Eastern and North African origin whose mo...
The birth of relationship therapy: Carl Rogers meets Otto Rank

Robert Kramer’s The Birth of Relationship Therapy focuses on a critical inflection point in the history of psychotherapy: the turn from a psychoanalytic focus on ‘interpretations’, and toward the p...
Lipid levels and diet compositions in lake charr ecotypes at Isle Royale in northern Lake Superior

Abstract Lipid levels have been reported for lake charr Salvelinus namaycush ecotypes from Lake Superior, but have not been investigated for all four extant ecotypes concurrently in the same geographic area. In this study, a Distell fatmeter was used to measure lipid levels in the muscle in lean, humper, redfin, and siscowet lake charr collected seasonally during 2013 and 2014 on the north, east, and west sides of Isle Royale, Lake Superior from two depth strata:
The anesthesiologist and global climate change: an ethical obligation to act.

Purpose of review Pollution and global warming/climate change contribute to one-quarter of all deaths worldwide. Global healthcare as a whole is the world's fifth largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and anesthetic gases, intravenous agents and supplies contribute significantly to the overall problem. It is the ethical obligation of all anesthesiologists to minimize the harmful impact of anesthesia practice on environmental sustainability. Recent findings Focused programs encouraging judicious selection of the use of anesthetic gas agents has been shown to reduce CO2 equivalent emissions by 64%, with significant cost savings. Good gas flow management reduces nonscavenged anesthetic gas significantly, and has been shown to decrease the consumption of volatile anesthetic agent by about one-fifth. New devices may allow for recapture, reclamation and recycling of waste anesthetic gases. For propofol, a nonbiodegradable, environmentally toxic agent, simply changing the size of vials on formulary has been shown to reduce wasted agent by 90%. Summary The 5 R's of waste minimization in the operating room (OR) (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rethink and Research) have proven benefit in reducing the environmental impact of the practice of anesthesiology, as well as in reducing costs.
Referenda as commitment devices – an experimental approach:

This research note evaluates the claim that referenda can serve as useful commitment devices in international negotiations. More specifically, we relied on individual-level survey data to test the ...
Development and emergency implementation of an online surgical education curriculum for a General Surgery program during a global pandemic: The University of Southern California experience.

Abstract Background Physical distancing required by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has limited traditional in-person resident education. We present our novel online curriculum for incorporation into traditional surgical educational programs. Methods The online curriculum utilized weekly sub-specialty themed faculty and resident created lectures, ABSITE practice questions, and weekly sub-specialty synchronized readings. Attendance, resident and faculty surveys, and completed ABSITE practice questions evaluated for curriculum success. Curriculum was adapted as COVID-19 clinical restructuring ended. Results 77% and 80% of clinical residents attended faculty lectures and resident led topic discussions as compared to 66% and 48% attending traditional in-person grand rounds and SCORE curriculum (both p > 0.05). 71.9% of residents and 16.6% of faculty reported improved resident participation while none reported decreased levels of participation (p Conclusion Our online educational curriculum demonstrates success and can serve as a model for online restructuring of resident education.
Trends in Neuroradiology Fellowship Match in the United States: Analysis of the 13-Year National Resident Matching Program Data.

The neuroradiology fellowship match is conducted by the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) every year. The purpose of this study is to report the trends in neuroradiology match results from 2008 to 2020 in the United States (US) using data available from the NRMP. The fellowship match data was obtained from the NRMP archives. Data specific to programs (number of programs and filled positions) were obtained. Using the NRMP's “Charting Outcomes in the Match: Specialty Matching Service'' report, a detailed analysis of applicant characteristics broken down for each specialty, was also obtained for neuroradiology for the year 2018. Neuroradiology programs in the NRMP Match increased from 71 to 77 and the number of positions increased from 158 to 270 between 2008 and 2020. The fill rate of fellowship spots has remained steady at 75.9% in 2008 and 74.4% in 2020. The proportion of US allopathic medical graduates (US MD) amongst the filled spots decreased from 79.2% (2008) to 64.2% (2020), while the proportion of international medical graduates (IMGs) increased from 11.7% to 25.4%. US MD and IMG fill trends did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.78 and P = 0.92, respectively). US MDs had a higher number of research experiences and publications (23.2 and 26, respectively) when compared to US IMGs (5 and 7) and non-US IMGs (6.8 and 14.2). To conclude, over the last 13 years, the neuroradiology fellowship programs in the US have increased in number and expanded in size, with an almost stable fill rate of around 75%.
Are questionnaires the best way to measure emotions for food products and beverages

Abstract There is a growing awareness in the field of consumer and sensory research to include emotional measurements when evaluating food products and beverages. The present paper provides an overview of the recent measures used for emotional measurements within the context of food products and beverages. Further, it discusses to what extent questionnaires might be the best measurement to capture consumer’s emotions in the field of food science by focusing on three aspects of emotion measurement, namely (i) what do we want to measure, (ii) how do we measure it and (iii) what is the added value of the measurement.
Animal Welfare Act Enforcement

This is an annotated transcript from a panel presentation at The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty conference at Harvard Law School. Delcianna Winders discusses the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and how the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) enforces it. She also provides a critique of the USDA’s enforcement of the AWA, with particular attention to its heavy reliance on warnings and discounted penalties, which in many cases fail to deter regulated entities from violating the AWA. Varu Chilakamarri discusses how animal welfare issues are incorporated into the work of the Department of Justice (DOJ). She provides an overview of the AWA, noting the specific sections that provide for federal court review. Chilakamarri also discusses some of the programmatic steps the DOJ has taken within the past few years to make animal welfare a larger priority.
In silico Nigellidine (N. sativa) bind to viral spike/active-sites of ACE1/2, AT1/2 to prevent COVID-19 induced vaso-tumult/vascular-damage/comorbidity.

Abstract COVID-19, a global-pandemic binds human-lung-ACE2. ACE2 causes vasodilatation. ACE2 works in balance with ACE1. The vaso-status maintains blood-pressure/vascular-health which is demolished in Covid-19 manifesting aldosterone/salt-deregulations/inflammations/endothelial-dysfunctions/hyper-hypo- tension, sepsis/hypovolemic-shock and vessel-thrombosis/coagulations. Here, nigellidine, an indazole-alkaloid was analyzed by molecular-docking for binding to different Angiotensin-binding-proteins (enzymes, ACE1(6en5)/ACE2(4aph)/receptors, AT1(6os1)/AT2(5xjm)) and COVID-19 spike-glycoprotein(6vsb). Nigellidine strongly binds to the spike-protein at the hinge-region/active-site-opening which may hamper proper-binding of nCoV2-ACE2 surface. Nigellidine effectively binds in the Angiotensin- II binding-site/entry-pocket (−7.54 kcal/mol, −211.76, Atomic-Contact-Energy; ACE-value) of ACE2 (Ki 8.68 and 8.3 μmol) in comparison to known-binder EGCG (−4.53) and Theaflavin-di-gallate (−2.85). Nigellidine showed strong-binding (Ki, 50.93 μmol/binding-energy −5.48 kcal/mol) to mono/multi-meric ACE1. Moreover, it binds Angiotensin-receptors, AT1/AT2 (Ki, 42.79/14.22 μmol, binding-energy, −5.96/−6.61 kcal/mol) at active-sites, respectively. This article reports the novel binding of nigellidine and subsequent blockage of angiotensin-binding proteins. The ACEs-blocking could restore Angiotensin-level, restrict vaso-turbulence in Covid patients and receptor-blocking might stop inflammatory/vascular impairment. Nigellidine may slowdown the vaso-fluctuations due to Angiotensin-deregulations in Covid patients. Angiotensin II-ACE2 binding (ACE-value −294.81) is more favorable than nigellidine-ACE2. Conversely, nigellidine-ACE1 binding-energy/Ki is lower than nigellidine-ACE2 values indicating a balanced-state between constriction-dilatation. Moreover, nigellidine binds to the viral-spike, closer-proximity to its ACE2 binding-domain. Taken together, Covid patients/elderly-patients, comorbid-patients (with hypertensive/diabetic/cardiac/renal-impairment, counting >80% of non-survivors) could be greatly benefited.
High-density lipoproteins, reverse cholesterol transport and atherogenesis

Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations correlate negatively with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). According to a widely cited model, HDL elicits its atheroprotective effect through its role in reverse cholesterol transport, which comprises the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages to early forms of HDL, followed by the conversion of free cholesterol (FCh) contained in HDL into cholesteryl esters, which are hepatically extracted from the plasma by HDL receptors and transferred to the bile for intestinal excretion. Given that increasing plasma HDL-cholesterol levels by genetic approaches does not reduce the risk of ASCVD, the focus of research has shifted to HDL function, especially in the context of macrophage cholesterol efflux. In support of the reverse cholesterol transport model, several large studies have revealed an inverse correlation between macrophage cholesterol efflux to plasma HDL and ASCVD. However, other studies have cast doubt on the underlying reverse cholesterol transport mechanism: in mice and humans, the FCh contained in HDL is rapidly cleared from the plasma (within minutes), independently of esterification and HDL holoparticle uptake by the liver. Moreover, the reversibility of FCh transfer between macrophages and HDL has implicated the reverse process - that is, the transfer of FCh from HDL to macrophages - in the aetiology of increased ASCVD under conditions of very high plasma HDL-FCh concentrations.
A Novel Risk Mitigation & Cloud-Based Disaster Recovery Framework for Small to Medium Size Businesses

Current guidelines and frameworks for disaster recovery and business continuity focus on helping corporations and large enterprises. With a rising number of vendors offering cloud computing solutions, most small to medium-size businesses do not count on the minimum number of users to qualify for any tier package. Moreover, the cost of purchasing a solution that does not scale to fit the needs of a small business is a consistent issue. Our solution presents a novel framework granting medium to small-size businesses the opportunity to mitigate risk and resume activities after a disaster has taken place. Furthermore, we present several recovery alternatives using a cloud-based storage solution. The results show that an optimal recovery time objective can be achieved by allowing users to retrieve backups from any platform or device with web-browsing capabilities. Also, a high level of integrity on each client can be reached, which lowers the chances of losing data or exposing financial records to an attacker.
The cost of diagnosing endometrial cancer: Quantifying the healthcare cost of an abnormal uterine bleeding workup

Abstract Objective The evaluation of women with perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) to detect endometrial cancer (EC) and its precursors is not standardized and can vary widely. Consequently, costs associated with the workup and management undoubtedly vary. This study aimed to quantify costs of AUB/PMB evaluation to understand the healthcare burden associated with securing a pathologic diagnosis. Methods Women ≥45 years of age presenting to a single institution gynecology clinic with AUB/PMB for diagnostic workup were prospectively enrolled February 2013–October 2017 for a lower genital tract biospecimen research study. Clinical workup of AUB/PMB was determined by individual provider discretion. Costs of care were collected from administrative billing systems from enrollment to 90 days post enrollment. Costs were standardized and inflation-adjusted to 2017 US Dollars (USD). Results In total, there were 1017 women enrolled with 5.6% diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia or endometrial cancer (EC). Within the full cohort, 90-day median cost for AUB/PMB workup and management was $2279 (IQR $512–4828). Among patients with a diagnostic biopsy, median 90-day costs ranged from $2203 (IQR $499–3604) for benign or disordered proliferative endometrium (DPE) diagnosis to $21,039 (IQR $19,084-24,536) for a diagnosis of EC. Conclusions The costs for diagnostic evaluation of perimenopausal AUB and PMB vary greatly according to ultimate tissue-based diagnosis. Even reassuring benign findings that do not require further intervention—the most common in this study's cohort—yield substantial costs. The development of sensitive, specific, and more cost-effective diagnostic strategies is warranted.
A Brief Introduction to the Finite Simple Groups

At this conference on vertex operators, we see more evidence that the theory of finite simple groups and the theory of vertex operators have a serious mathematical relationship. Because many conference participants have not worked in abstract algebra, a few brief statements about the current state of things in finite simple group theory seems in order. A number of recent articles [Gr4] [Gr5] and the book of Gorenstein [Go2] go into this subject in detail. Accordingly, I will limit myself to a few items which might be of greatest interest to those who work on vertex operator theory. I hope that workers in vertex operator theory become familiar with the finite simple groups. My feeling is that more interaction between these two subjects is forthcoming.
Abstract 1701: A synthetic flavonoid abrogates doxorubicin resistance through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and P-glycoprotein activity in breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Chemotherapy is a mainstay in the treatment of breast cancer. FDA approved, Doxorubicin (Dox) is considered to be the most effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid tumors like breast cancer. However, resistance to Dox impairs successful treatment. The increased expression of multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pump that constantly efflux drugs, such as Dox, is a well documented mechanism of resistance. Flavonoids as a class have been implicated in the inhibition of ABC transporters such as BCRP, P-gp and MRP-1, have potent anxiolytic activity, protect against anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity, and improve general health. Our current study proposes to examine the efficacy of a synthetic flavonoid, SF as a chemotherapeutic agent alone and in combination with Dox in a xenograft nude mouse model and to delineate the specific molecular targets involved. Treatment with a combination of Dox and SF lead to significant cell death in the Dox resistant, MCF-7/Dox cells as compared to treatment with Dox alone. In vivo studies using a xenograft nude mouse model corroborated these findings. Also, mice treated with SF alone and in combination with Dox showed improved overall health. SF also inhibited P-gp pump activity and increased Dox sequestration in cancer cells, leading to chemosensitization. Moreover, SF alone or in combination with Dox caused remarkable de-phosphorylation of constitutively active FAK(Focal Adhesion Kinase) in MCF-7/Dox cells. In conclusion, our study beings forth an excellent prototype candidate, SF- as an anti-tumor agent with little to no toxicity and provides new insights into previously uncharacterized mechanisms for the anti-cancer activity of SF alone and in combination with Dox in resistant breast cancer cells. The desirable traits of endowed pleiotropic activities, safety, synergistic action with therapeutic agents make SF attractive for clinical use. Citation Format: Amrita Datta, Barbara J. Rider, Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed, Hogyoung Kim, Debasis Mondal, Asim B. Abdel Mageed. A synthetic flavonoid abrogates doxorubicin resistance through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and P-glycoprotein activity in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1701
Two-body transients in coupled atomic-molecular bose-einstein condensates.

We discuss the dynamics of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate when pairs of atoms are converted into molecules by single-color photoassociation. Three main regimes are found, and it is shown that they can be understood on the basis of time-dependent two-body theory. In particular, the so-called rogue dissociation regime [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 090403 (2002)], which has a density-dependent limit on the photoassociation rate, is identified with a transient regime of the two-atom dynamics exhibiting universal properties. Finally, we illustrate how these regimes could be explored by photoassociating condensates of alkaline-earth atoms.
Asking the age-old questions

Control of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by the DAF-2 insulin-like signaling pathway requires daf-16, which encodes a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors. A new study provides evidence that DAF-2 negatively regulates DAF-16 activity by promoting its retention in the cytoplasm. But, constitutive targeting of DAF-16 to the nucleus is not sufficient to extend lifespan, revealing a new layer of complexity in the genetic control of aging in the nematode.
Progressive, Seizure-Like, Spike-Wave Discharges Are Common in Both Injured and Uninjured Sprague-Dawley Rats: Implications for the Fluid Percussion Injury Model of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy

Variable-duration oscillations and repetitive, high-voltage spikes have been recorded in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of rats weeks and months after fluid percussion injury (FPI), a model of traumatic brain injury. These ECoG events, which have many similarities to spike-wave-discharges (SWDs) and absence seizures, have been proposed to represent nonconvulsive seizures characteristic of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). The present study quantified features of SWD episodes in rats at different time points after moderate to severe FPI, and compared them with age-matched control rats. Control and FPI-injured rats at 1 year of age displayed large-amplitude and frequent SWD events at frontal and parietal recording sites. At 3-6 months, SWDs were shorter in duration and less frequent; extremely brief SWDs (i.e., "larval") were detected as early as 1 month. The onset of the SWDs was nearly always synchronous across electrodes and of larger amplitude in frontal regions. A sensory stimulus, such as a click, immediately and consistently stopped the occurrence of the SWDs. SWDs were consistently accompanied by behavioral arrest. All features of SWDs in control and experimental (FPI) rats were indistinguishable. None of the FPI-treated rats developed nonconvulsive or convulsive seizures that could be distinguished electrographically or behaviorally from SWDs. Because SWDs have features similar to genetic absence seizures, these results challenge the hypothesis that SWDs after FPI reflect PTE.
Dial D for Distraction: The Making and Breaking of Cell Phone Policies in the College Classroom.

Cell phones are nearly ubiquitous in the college classroom. This study asks two primary questions regarding the making and breaking of in-class cell phone policies. In what manner are students using their phones and how can faculty members minimize the potential for phone-related distractions? To answer these questions we analyze original survey data from nearly 400 college students across multiple public and private universities to better understand the students' impulse to use their phones during class. Results from the survey demonstrate that more than 80% of students use their phone at least once per class and that students generally believe this to be an acceptable practice. These student data are supplemented with survey data from close to 100 college faculty to evaluate a range of policy options for dealing with this issue. From this analysis, it is clear that the policies most frequently implemented by instructors are typically perceived by students as the least effective.
Molybdate transport and its effect on nitrogen utilization in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413

Molybdenum is an essential component of the cofactors of many metalloenzymes including nitrate reductase and Mo-nitrogenase. The cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 uses nitrate and atmospheric N2 as sources of nitrogen for growth. Two of the three nitrogenases in this strain are Mo-dependent enzymes, as is nitrate reductase; thus, transport of molybdate is important for growth of this strain. High-affinity transport of molybdate in A. variabilis was mediated by an ABC-type transport system encoded by the products of modA and modBC. The modBC gene comprised a fused orf including components corresponding to modB and modC of Escherichia coli. The deduced ModC part of the fused gene lacked a recognizable molybdate-binding domain. Expression of modA and modBC was induced by starvation for molybdate. Mutants in modA or modBC were unable to grow using nitrate or Mo-nitrogenase. Growth using the alternative V-nitrogenase was not impaired in the mutants. A high concentration of molybdate (10 microM) supported normal growth of the modBC mutant using the Nif1 Mo-nitrogenase, indicating that there was a low-affinity molybdate transport system in this strain. The modBC mutant did not detectably transport low concentrations of 99Mo (molybdate), but did transport high concentrations. However, such transport was observed only after cells were starved for sulphate, suggesting that an inducible sulphate transport system might also serve as a low-affinity molybdate transport system in this strain.
Light scattering measurements on soot in a benzeneair flame

Light scattering method for determining soot particle size and concentration in premixed laminar benzene-air flame
The undercooling of aluminum

An important parameter affecting microstructure development during solidification is the amount of undercooling prior to nucleation. The undercooling potential of aluminum has been assessed by thermal analysis measurements on powder dispersions of the liquid metal. A number of variables have been identified which influence the undercooling of powder Al samples including powder coating, powder size, melt cooling rate, and melt superheat. Surface analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy indicates that changing the medium in which the powders are produced is an effective method of altering the coating chemistry. Factorial design analysis has been employed to quantify the potential of processing variables to increase the undercooling level obtainable in aluminum. The factorial analysis indicates that control of the powder coating through changing the medium in which the powders are produced is most effective in decreasing the nucleation temperature. Additionally, the finest powders produced in the medium which induces the least catalytic coating, when cooled at high rates,T = 500 °C/s, from low superheats,Ts = 710 °C, are found to achieve the deepest undercooling, ΔT = 175 °C. These studies provide the basis for further increases in undercooling and for future investigations into the solidification reactions which produce both stable and metastable structures in aluminum alloys.
Act locally and think globally

A combined approach of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the method of real-space Green's function to study properties of complex systems with reduced symmetry is presented. MD simulations provide the equilibrium configuration of the complex system under consideration. The efficiency and flexibility of the method of real-space Green's function allow a detailed examination of any locality of interest. The local analysis based on the combined approach is thus a powerful and convenient tool to study how the interplay between the nature of the local environment and the remaining system affects the properties of the system.
Dissociations between the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on behavior and raphe unit activity in freely moving cats.

The hypothesis that the action of hallucinogenic drugs is mediated by a depression of the activity of brain serotonergic (raphe) neurons was tested by examining the behavioral effects of several hallucinogenic drugs while concurrently monitoring the activity of raphe neurons in freely moving cats. LSD produced a dose-dependent decrease in raphe unit activity and a dose-dependent increase in certain behaviors (e.g. limb flick and abortive groom), and the peak of the behavioral and unit changes were temporally correlated. However, there were three important dissociations between the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of LSD. Firstly, low doses of LSD produced only small decreases in raphe unit activity but significant behavioral changes. Secondly, the duration of LSD-induced behavioral changes significantly outlasted the depression of raphe unit activity. And thirdly, raphe neurons were at least as responsive to LSD during tolerance as they were in the nontolerant condition. Psilocin produced a dose-dependent decrease in raphe unit activity, while the behavioral changes were not dose-related. However, the peak behavioral changes corresponded to the maximal depression of raphe unit activity. The phenylethylamine hallucinogens, DOM and mescaline, both produced large behavioral changes but no overall effect on raphe neurons. Following administration of DOM or mescaline, some raphe units showed a significant increase, while some showed a significant decrease, and others showed no change in activity. Therefore, the phenylethylamine hallucinogens may exert a depressant effect upon a subset of serotonin-containing neurons, and an amphetamine-like excitatory effect upon another subset of these neurons. Consistent with previous studies, all hallucinogens produced a high concentration of slow waves in the cortical EEG. Following administration of LSD or psilocin, the appearance of slow waves in the EEG was often associated with a transitory decrease in unit activity, while this was not observed for the phenylethylamine hallucinogens. The present data, in conjunction with recent data from other laboratories, suggest that the serotonin hypothesis of hallucinogenic drug action should be re-evaluated.
Ferenc Preisach, In Memoriam

Sixty years ago perhaps the most cited paper in the area of hysteresis modeling, "Uber die magnetische Nachwirkung" by F. Preisach, appeared in Zeitschriftfiir Physik [1]. In the middle of that paper, which discussed magnetic lag in materials, he proposed a method of analyzing magnetic media which has since become known as Preisach Modeling. Although this landmark paper has triggered research that continues to be extremely fertile, due to the circumstances of his untimely death researchers in the field know hardly anything about Preisach the man. In fact, most do not know even his first name. Since he was a victim of the Holocaust, it has been very difficult to obtain anything except for the sketchiest facts about his life. We are publishing this article, giving what information we have been able to obtain, in the hope that it would spur anyone who has any additional information, including possibly a photograph of him, to forward it to us so that we may make it generally available. We felt that this issue of the Transactions would be the most appropriate in which to publish our findings, since this month marks both the ninetieth anniversary of Preisach's birth and the fifty-second anniversary of his death.