cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transverse presentation of the fetus; an analysis of 186 consecutive cases.

Abstract 1. 1. One hundred eighty-six consecutive cases of transverse presentation at Charity Hospital, New Orleans, La., are analyzed. 2. 2. The factors producing the high fetal and maternal mortality are emphasized. 3. 3. Two factors seem essential from a study of this series in the possible lowering of maternal and fetal mortality: 3.1. (a) An early diagnosis of the malpresentation present, and 3.2. (b) The more frequent use of cesarean section in early labor in these cases. 4. 4. Transverse presentation, although occurring about one-half as frequently as placenta previa, produced a much higher fetal loss than the latter in this series. In fact, the fetal loss is only exceeded by the loss associated with rupture of the uterus. Any obstetric abnormality producing a 67.6 per cent fetal loss and a 9.6 per cent maternal death rate over a period of years deserves the most serious consideration.
High temperature interface superconductivity

We use atomic-layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE) to deposit atomically smooth films of cuprate superconductors and other complex oxides. Bilayers, multilayers, and superlattices are grown with atomic precision and virtually perfect interfaces. This has allowed a discovery and in-depth study of high-temperature interface superconductivity, which is briefly reviewed here.
Spazi transnazionali di costruzione delle identità: i latinos negli Stati Uniti

La cosiddetta linguistica ‘socioculturale’ sta attraversando un periodo di ridefinizione creativa e di ripensamenti profondi, che a mio avviso costituiscono una risposta vitale e necessaria alle condizioni di vita e di comunicazione in rapida trasformazione del nostro mondo tardo moderno. Le societa in cui viviamo, secondo molti teorici delle scienze sociali, sono caratterizzate in maniera fondamentale da processi di globalizzazione che permeano ogni aspetto della vita e della cultura umana (Appadurai 1996; Held et al. 1999; Fairclough 2006). Tali processi sono di fondamentale importanza per capire le trasformazioni che avvengono nelle lingue ‘migranti’, cosi definite o perche si spostano insieme a intere popolazioni o perche di esse si appropriano gruppi sociali con cui non erano mai state in contatto. Per gli osservatori della modernita, la globalizzazione implica una serie di scambi non solo di beni, persone e capitali, ma anche di discorsi, immagini e simboli attraverso il globo, accompagnati da profondi cambiamenti nelle tecnologie della comunicazione, che hanno alterato in modo profondo la nostra maniera di vivere. Ne consegue che, quando ci riferiamo a queste nuove realta, prevalgono metafore relative al f lusso e al movimento. I trasferimenti di massa da una parte all’altra dell’emisfero attraverso confini geografici e materiali, cosi come contatti sostenuti fra paesi lontani, non rappresentano certo una novita e hanno sempre carat-
Incidence, Host Specificity, Distribution, and Morphological Variation in Arthrorhynchus Nycteribiae and A. Eucampsipodae (Laboulbeniomycetes)

Nycteribiidae (Diptera) are ectoparasites of bats in the Old and New World. Some Old World nycteribiids are hosts for Arthrorhynchus (Laboulbeniomycetes). Thirty-five additional collections of A. n...
A New Hybrid Air Blast Nozzle for Advanced Gas Turbine Combustors

The push towards higher specific fuel consumption and smaller, lighter packaging for aerospace gas turbine engines has resulted in large increases in engine operating pressure and temperature. This is a trend that is expected to continue, and as a result, thermal management of the hot engine section including the fuel nozzle, combustor, and turbine has emerged as a critical technology area requiring further development. For the fuel injection system, nozzle thermal management, turndown ratio, and atomization performance while maintaining correct combustor aerodynamics are the most important performance features that necessitate optimization. Significant advances in fuel injection concepts are required to meet the increasingly demanding combustor requirements. Complex heat-shielded designs are often required to reduce nozzle wetted-wall temperatures and prevent the formation of carbonaceous deposits within the fuel delivery passages. To support the development of advanced combustors and address these increasing performance demands, Parker has developed a new Hybrid Air Blast nozzle. Advanced analytical and experimental design tools were applied to reduce the cut-and-try approach previously used in nozzle development. The developed hybrid air blast design achieved excellent atomization performance over a wide range of fuel flow rates and air pressure drops. Thermal analysis of the nozzle showed that the wetted wall temperatures were reduced considerably when compared to previous designs operating at the same conditions. Eight-port circumferential spray patternation results were outstanding with the patternation factor at various values of liquid flow rate ranging between 0.12 and 0.18. This patternation factor is a significant improvement over those of current state-of-the-art injectors that are typically of the order of 0.25.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
Ecology and Behavior of the Pouched Mouse, Saccostomus mearnsi, in Central Kenya

I investigated the ecology and behavior of Saccostomus mearnsi, a medium-sized semi­ fossorial murid rodent for 15 months in a tropical savanna of central Kenya. This poorly known species is the dominant small mammal in this widespread habitat, although it has never before been reported in high local abundance. On three replicated I-ha grids, S. mearnsi exhibited a 2.5-fold change in abundance over 15 months from 16 ± 3.5 (SE) to 42 ± 7.5 individualslha. S. mearnsi had strongly seasonal reproduction, with almost all females in breeding condition following the rainy season, while only 10% were in breeding condition during the dry season. Eighty-five percent of males, however, remained in breed­ ing condition throughout the year. Adults of both sexes exhibited great variation in body weight (males, 48-121 g; females, 39-94 g). There was significant seasonal variation in body weight for both sexes. Home ranges of males (0.21 ± 0.02 ha) were three times the size of those of females (0.06 ± 0.01 ha); and the average of the maximum distances moved by males between captures varied significantly between seasons. Analyses of stom­ ach contents showed that S. mearnsi was omnivorous, consuming primarily forbs during the dry season and seeds following the rains. Adults share burrow entrances in termite mounds; whether or not they nest individually or communally remains to be determined.
Media sociology: a reappraisal

Media sociology represents an abundance of ideas, theoretical positions, and methods. Media influence our lives as researchers but we are also everyday consumers of the products we study. As this c...
Commissioning and Service of Coordinate Control System of 300 MW Generating Unit in Mawan General Power Plan

： The coordinate control systemCCS for 300 MW unit of Mawan General Power Plant is designed based upon the principle of turbine following boiler．This paperintroduces the load control response and pressure control fluctuation problems solved through correcting control strategyduring the commissioning stage of CCSanalyzed the impacts of fuelnegative pressureleakage of air preheater on the commissioning of CCS and the corresponding testing resultsand in the meantimebriefly introduces the basic experiments and results during the commissioning process of CCS．on-site experiments indicate that all the improvement words on CCS are effective and the control effects of CCS are ideal．
Acoustic Power Transmission Through a Ducted Fan

For high-speed ducted fans, when the rotor flowfield is shock-free, the main contribution to the inlet radiated acoustic power comes from the portion of the rotor stator interaction sound field that is transmitted upstream through the rotor. As such, inclusion of the acoustic transmission is an essential ingredient in the prediction of the fan inlet noise when the fan tip relative speed is subsonic. This paper describes a linearized Euler based approach to computing the acoustic transmission of fan tones through the rotor. The approach is embodied in a code called LINFLUX was applied to a candidate subsonic fan called the Advanced Ducted Propulsor (ADP). The results from this study suggest that it is possible to make such prediction with sufficient fidelity to provide an indication of the acoustic transmission trends with the fan tip speed.
3-D Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of DC Arc in Power System

With the rise of large-scale photovoltaic arrays and dc buses in power systems, dc-arc hazards have raised great concerns. Currently, the IEEE Std. 1584-2002 pertains to arc flashes originating in only ac systems. Little research has been conducted to investigate the theoretical or semiempirical methods to estimate dc arcs. The theoretical method, based on the maximum power transfer theorem, overall produces the estimations on the conservative side; the semiempirical methods are limited by the experiment scale, which cannot provide the comprehensive dc-arc prediction to the industry. This paper presents a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of dc arcs. The MHD equations are solved by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software Code Saturne, which is based on collocated finite volume. The simulation results are compatible with the lab testing. The proposed MHD modeling provides an innovative approach to study dc-arc phenomena.
The challenges of symptom management for patients with multimorbidity in research and practice: a thematic review.

Introduction: Multimorbidity, the presence of multiple coexisting diseases or conditions, afflicts the majority of older adults, and is associated with increased mortality and healthcare utilization. In addition, multimorbidity negatively impacts quality of life and increases symptom burden. Yet, there is a dearth of evidence on how to best manage symptoms in patients with multimorbidity.Methods: We conducted a thematic review of approaches to symptom management in multimorbidity.Results: Research in this area has been hampered by inconsistent definitions of multimorbidity and challenges in outcome measurement. Investigations of symptom management strategies in specific disease states, like cancer, typically exclude medically complex patients. In the absence of evidence, the American Geriatrics Society's recommendations for the care of adults with multimorbidity provide a useful starting point for clinicians. We present a case to demonstrate how the AGS recommendations can be tailored to the situation of ...
Dual Thermal Probes

This chapter describes the dual-probe heat-pulse technique, also called the dual thermal probe technique, to determine soil water content. The theory of the method is given, which depends upon measuring the thermal properties of soils. In development of the theory, information in the classic book, Conduction of Heat in Solids by Carslaw and Jaeger, is presented. Advantages of the method are cited. It measures accurately soil water content. It is the only instrument that can measure soil water content near the soil surface. It offers a method to monitor not only soil water content but also other hydrological properties of the soil, including soil water flux density. From a plant physiological point of view, the method provides unique opportunities to measure water uptake by plant roots on a small scale. A biography of Jaeger is given in the appendix.
Computational simulations of asymmetric fluxes of large molecules through gap junction channel pores

Gap junction channels are formed out of connexin isoforms, which enable molecule and ion selective diffusion amongst neighboring cells. HeLa cells expressing distinct connexins (Cx) allow the formation of heterotypic channels, where we observed a molecular charge-independent preferential flux of large fluorescent molecules in the Cx45 to Cx43 direction. We hypothesize that the pore's shape is a significant factor along-side charge and transjunctional voltages for this asymmetric flux. To test this hypothesis, we developed a 3D computational model simulating Brownian diffusion of large molecules in a gap junction channel pore. The basic pore contour was derived from x-ray crystallographic structures of Cx43 and Cx26 and approximated using basic geometric shapes. Lucifer yellow dye molecules and cesium counter-ions were modeled as spheres using their respective Stokes radii. Our simulation results from simple diffusion and constant concentration gradient experiments showed that only charged particles yield asymmetric fluxes in heterotypic pores. While increasing the inner mouth size resulted in a near-quadratic rise in flux, the rise was asymptotic for outer mouth radii increase. Probability maps and average force per particle per pore section explain the asymmetric flux with variation in pore shape. Furthermore, the simulation results are in agreement with our in vitro experimental results with HeLa cells in Cx43-Cx45 heterotypic configurations. The presence of asymmetric fluxes can help us to understand effects of the molecular structure of the pore and predict potential differences in vivo.
What Factors Are Predictive of Outcome in the Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Foot and Ankle

Soft tissue sarcomas of the foot and ankle are common. Currently, there exist limited data on prognostic variables. The aim of this study was to review our institution's experience with soft tissue sarcomas of the foot and ankle to identify factors affecting outcomes and survivorship. We reviewed the records of 62 foot and ankle soft tissue sarcomas treated with definitive surgery at our institution between 1992 and 2013. The cohort consisted of 35 males and 27 females with a mean age at diagnosis of 45 years and a mean follow-up of 7 years. The most common tumor subtype was synovial sarcoma (n = 16). The overall limb salvage rate was 53%. Local recurrence was observed in 9 patients and distant metastases in 15 patients. Tumor size ≥3 cm in maximal dimension was the greatest risk factor in mortality. Posttreatment complications occurred in 15 patients. Local recurrence and development of distant disease was relatively common following wide excision of a soft tissue sarcoma of the foot and ankle. Tumors that were ≥3 cm in maximal dimension were associated with a worse overall survival and patients with neoadjuvant radiation were at increased risk of complications. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level IV: Retrospective Case Series.
Positive Psychology From A Coping Perspective

For more than 45 years Richard Lazarus has spoken in a strong and clear voice about issues that are at the core of research on emotion. He can be counted on to ask searching questions that derive from a deep concern with the quality of psychological research and its intellectual underpinnings. In the target article, Lazarus (this issue) speaks out again, this time about a range of issues pertaining to what some call the positive psychology movement. His arguments and their tone indicate he is more troubled than pleased by this recent surge of interest in a focus on the positive. Lazarus is concerned that positive psychology is afad and that its advocates tend to promote it to the exclusion of concern with the negative aspects of human behavior. Lazarus argues for a more balanced approach: "There is nothing wrong with giving more attention to the positive but not at the expense of the negative." Our own observation is that those who advocate the study of positive aspects of psychology do not intend that it replace concern with its negative aspects. What appears to be an overemphasis may instead be indicative of a catch-up phase for an area that has been underemphasized in recent years. Certainly, a balance between positive and negative must eventually be achieved. In his forthcoming book, Emotions, Stress, and
A Case of TMI (Too Much Information): Improving the Usability of the Library's Website through the Implementation of LibAnswers and the A–Z Database List (LibGuides v2)

ABSTRACTThe Michigan State University (MSU) Libraries' Website has a case of TMI: too much information organized by librarians for librarians. Finding relevant information about various library services, including the 24/7 Distance Learning Support Line, and access points to scholarly resources is often cumbersome, and given the limited time and staffing available in Web Services, it was impractical to embark on a comprehensive Website redesign. Instead, the implementation of two systems, LibAnswers and the A–Z Database List in LibGuides v2 CMS, served as a means for addressing the TMI issue and improving the usability of the MSU Libraries' Website. This case study will map the MSU Libraries' experience of implementing the LibAnswers and the A–Z Database List from early vision to launching the end product, as a means for resolving the “too much information” issue and improving the usability of the library's Website.
Corticospinal Excitability in Children with Congenital Hemiparesis.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used as an assessment or intervention to evaluate or influence brain activity in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) commonly caused by perinatal stroke. This communication report analyzed data from two clinical trials using TMS to assess corticospinal excitability in children and young adults with hemiparetic CP. The results of this communication revealed a higher probability of finding a motor evoked potential (MEP) on the non-lesioned hemisphere compared to the lesioned hemisphere (p = 0.005). The resting motor threshold (RMT) was lower on the non-lesioned hemisphere than the lesioned hemisphere (p = 0.013). There was a significantly negative correlation between age and RMT (rs = −0.65, p = 0.003). This communication provides information regarding MEP responses, motor thresholds (MTs) and the association with age during TMS assessment in children with hemiparetic CP. Such findings contribute to the development of future pediatric studies in neuroplasticity and neuromodulation to influence motor function and recovery after perinatal stroke.
Long-Time Simulations of Nonlinear Schrödinger-Type Equations using Step Size Exceeding Threshold of Numerical Instability

We propose an exponential time-differencing method based on the leapfrog scheme for numerical integration of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger-type equations. The key advantage of the proposed method over the widely used Fourier split-step method is that in the new method, numerical instability at high wavenumbers is strongly suppressed. This allows one to use time steps that considerably exceed the instability threshold, which leads to a proportional reduction of the computational time. Moreover, we introduce a technique that eliminates numerical instability at low-to-moderate wavenumbers that is common for methods based on the leapfrog scheme. We illustrate the performance of the proposed method with examples from two applications areas: deterministic wave turbulence and solitary waves.
Abstract IA05: Autophagy prevents fatal nucleotide pool depletion in Ras-driven cancer cells

Autophagy degrades and recycles proteins and organelles essential for quality control and survival in starvation. In genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) for Kras-driven lung cancer, autophagy prevents the accumulation of defective mitochondria and promotes tumor growth and malignancy. Autophagy-deficient tumor-derived cell lines (TDCLs) are respiration impaired, starvation sensitive, and glutamine-dependent. To survive starvation, autophagy may eliminate defective mitochondria or supply mitochondrial substrates. Here, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome from Kras-driven lung tumors and found higher mutant allele frequencies without autophagy-related-7 (Atg7). But the low pathogenic allele frequency was insufficient to account for metabolic defects. In starvation, Atg7 deficiency attenuated substrate supply for mitochondrial oxygen consumption and increased nucleotide degradation. The resulting nucleotide pool depletion and energy crisis in starvation was rescued by nucleoside supplementation. Thus the role for autophagy in Kras-driven tumor cells is to provide substrates to mitochondria to maintain nucleotide pools and energy homeostasis, which promotes survival to nutrient limitation. Citation Format: Eileen White. Autophagy prevents fatal nucleotide pool depletion in Ras-driven cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Graphene as transmissive electrodes and aligning layers for liquid-crystal-based electro-optic devices.

In a conventional liquid crystal (LC) cell, polyimide layers are used to align the LC homogeneously in the cell, and transmissive indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are used to apply the electric field to reorient the LC along the field. It is experimentally presented here that monolayer graphene films on the two glass substrates can function concurrently as the LC aligning layers and the transparent electrodes to fabricate an LC cell, without using the conventional polyimide and ITO substrates. This replacement can effectively decrease the thickness of all the alignment layers and electrodes from about 100 nm to less than 1 nm. The interaction between LC and graphene through $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ electron stacking imposes a planar alignment on the LC in the graphene-based cell---which is verified using a crossed polarized microscope. The graphene-based LC cell exhibits an excellent nematic director reorientation process from planar to homeotropic configuration through the application of an electric field---which is probed by dielectric and electro-optic measurements. Finally, it is shown that the electro-optic switching is significantly faster in the graphene-based LC cell than in a conventional ITO-polyimide LC cell.
Catechesis, Developmental Theory, and a Fresh Vision for Christian Education

The use of developmental theory in Christian education, though invaluable, has led to several insufficiencies in practice, namely intergenerational fragmentation, a diverted focus from scriptural e...
Composite Resection of Tumors of the Rostral Maxilla and Dorsolateral Muzzle Utilizing an Upper Lip-Sparing, Combined Approach in Dogs

Tumors of the rostral maxilla that involve both the oral mucosa and the dermis or subdermis of the dorsolateral muzzle provide unique challenges for the oromaxillofacial surgeon. Traditionally described approaches to such lesions may involve an intraoral incision that extends and involves the upper lip to envelope the involved dermis of the dorsolateral muzzle. However, such an approach unnecessarily resects upper lip tissue resulting in a large defect that likely requires advanced skin flaps or grafts for reconstruction. Such flaps are technically challenging and introduce potential for significance postoperative complications. In this article, we provide a detailed description a combined intra- and extraoral approach that allows for composite resection of tumors of the rostral maxilla that also involve the dorsolateral muzzle. The described technique allows for excellent intraoperative visualization and provides a superior cosmetic outcome that minimizes postoperative complications. In addition, we describe our experience utilizing the technique in three clinical cases.
Acute aortic syndromes and aortic emergencies

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) and emergencies are relatively uncommon but are considered as life threatening, potentially fatal conditions. Different forms of aortic emergencies/AAS are often clinically indiscernible. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of these entities significantly influences prognosis and guides therapy. We aim to elucidate the pertinent role that radiology plays in the management of acute aortic diseases, with contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) being the most rapid and robust imaging technique.
Emerging trends in geospatial artificial intelligence (geoAI): potential applications for environmental epidemiology

Geospatial artificial intelligence (geoAI) is an emerging scientific discipline that combines innovations in spatial science, artificial intelligence methods in machine learning (e.g., deep learning), data mining, and high-performance computing to extract knowledge from spatial big data. In environmental epidemiology, exposure modeling is a commonly used approach to conduct exposure assessment to determine the distribution of exposures in study populations. geoAI technologies provide important advantages for exposure modeling in environmental epidemiology, including the ability to incorporate large amounts of big spatial and temporal data in a variety of formats; computational efficiency; flexibility in algorithms and workflows to accommodate relevant characteristics of spatial (environmental) processes including spatial nonstationarity; and scalability to model other environmental exposures across different geographic areas. The objectives of this commentary are to provide an overview of key concepts surrounding the evolving and interdisciplinary field of geoAI including spatial data science, machine learning, deep learning, and data mining; recent geoAI applications in research; and potential future directions for geoAI in environmental epidemiology.
Accentuated Eccentric Loading and Cluster Set Configurations in the Back Squat: A Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis.

AbstractWagle, JP, Cunanan, AJ, Carroll, KM, Sams, ML, Wetmore, A, Bingham, GE, Taber, CB, DeWeese, BH, Sato, K, Stuart, CA, and Stone, MH. Accentuated eccentric loading and cluster set configurations in the back squat: a kinetic and kinematic analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2018—This
One Year Later: An Analysis of FIN 48 Disclosures in 2007 Forms 10-K

Since the issuance of FASB Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, in July 2006, corporate tax executives have expressed concerns that the implementation of FIN 48 would provide the IRS with a road map for uncovering uncertain tax positions. An analysis of the 2007 FIN 48 disclosures of calendar year-end Fortune 500 companies found that it is unlikely the IRS will gather much useful information from the disclosures. FIN 48 does not require any disaggregation of the disclosures by jurisdiction and none of the sample companies provided a breakdown by jurisdiction. Because the majority of Fortune 500 companies operate in multiple states and foreign locations, the IRS cannot readily identify U.S. tax contingencies. The only potential value that the FIN 48 disclosures may provide the IRS is to assist them in risk analysis when identifying which taxpayers to select for audit. The study also found that a large percentage of companies reported changes to prior year tax positions. That finding reminds financial statement users that while the FASB can provide specific guidance for evaluating uncertain tax positions, management must still exercise a significant amount of judgment in the evaluation process. In addition, the explanations provided were typically vague or ambiguous, effectively reducing the value of the disclosure to the reader.
Isothermal melt processed Bi-2212/Ag tapes containing MgO and Al2O3 additions

The development of the superconducting phase in melt-processed Bi-2212 tapes depends on controlling the development of solid phases in the partial melt and the conversion of the partial melt into a highly-aligned superconducting phase. MgO and Al2O3 additions have been used with isothermal melt processing (IMP) for the grain refinement of phases in the partial melt and the prevention of secondary phase growth during solidification. Controlled solidification with reduced oxidation rates also significantly increased the transport properties of the tapes with or without the oxide additions. The optimal oxidation rate was found to depend upon the processing temperature. Critical current densities in excess of 100 kA cm−2 were obtained in tapes melt-processed below 800 °C.
Gender, Race and Economic Perspectives on the Social Epidemiology of HIV Infection: Implications for Prevention

This paper describes the impact of gender, race, and economics on the social epidemiology of AIDS.
Portable Mid-Infrared Device and Chemometrics for the Prediction of Low (0.5%) Total Trans Fat Content in Fast Foods

The ruling that partially hydrogenated oils (PHO) are no longer "generally recognized as safe (GRAS)," has accelerated the replacement of PHO ingredients with fat alternatives having increasingly lower or no trans fat content. In the present study, we developed a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic procedure in conjunction with multivariate partial least squares regression (PLSR) and found it suitable for the accurate prediction of low (0.5%) total trans fat content, as percentage of total fat, measured as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), in the lipids extracted from 24 representative fast foods. This multivariate data analysis approach is relevant because the precision of the current univariate FTIR official method (AOCS Cd 14-09) is reportedly poor below 2% of total fat, while PLSR has allowed us to accurately predict the concentration of low trans fat in fast foods. The performance of a portable FTIR device was also evaluated and compared to that of a benchtop FTIR spectrometer. For both infrared data sets, PLSR-predicted concentrations of total trans FAME, ranging from approximately 0.47% to 11.40% of total FAME, were in good agreement with those determined by a primary reference gas chromatography (GC) method (R2>0.99); high prediction accuracy was also evidenced by low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) values. The lowest RMSECV error of 0.12% was obtained with the portable device. The lowest total trans FAME concentration, determined by GC to be 0.42%, was accurately predicted by the portable FTIR/PLSR procedure as 0.47% of total FAME.
Concentration or diffusion? Exploring the emerging spatial dynamics of poverty distribution in Southern California

Abstract While urban poverty has been known to be spatially concentrated in inner-city areas for a long time, the degree of poverty concentration has declined substantially since the 1990s, whereas poverty has increasingly expanded to suburban areas to which relatively little attention has been paid. This study examines how poverty distribution has changed in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Combined Statistical Area and why. More specifically, an investigation is made to capture the detailed changes of poverty rates in over three thousand census tracts over the last two decades and to identify driving forces behind these spatiotemporal changes by employing spatial regression models. Results show that high poverty areas have stretched over space, not in a way that expands their overall size but in a way that increases the degree of spatial fragmentation throughout the last two decades. The results also reveal that neighborhood poverty change is largely shaped by wealth clustering and other spatially-explicit processes.
A Study on High Frequency Transformer Design in Medium-voltage Solid-state Transformers

High switching frequency (HF) operation of solid-state transformers (SSTs) reduces the weight and volume of magnetic parts. Yet in medium-voltage (MV) SSTs, electrical insulation becomes a great concern and demands extra spacing. To resolve the issue, resistive shielding technique is considered in this paper to mitigate the threat of partial discharge. In addition, geometric shaping is applied to alleviate local electrical field. On top of the insulation and size requirements, HF transformer design should also consider skin effect and other effects induced by ac electromagnetic field. This paper is meant to develop a planar transformer for a MV SST, taking all critical factors into account. 2-d finite element analysis is adopted as main research and conceptual verification method.
Providing Behavioral Health Services in Nursing Homes Is Difficult: Findings From a National Survey

OBJECTIVES Behavioral health (BH) disorders affect 65% to 90% of nursing home (NH) residents. Access to BH services in NHs has been generally considered inadequate, but the empirical evidence is sparse. We examined the availability of BH services and identified facility-level factors associated with the difficulty of providing BH services in NHs. DESIGN A national random sample of 3996 NHs was identified. Two structured surveys with questions about BH service availability, quality, satisfaction, staffing, staff education, turnover, and service barriers were mailed to administrators and directors of nursing in each NH between July and December 2017. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Completed surveys were obtained from 1079 NHs (27% response rate). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regressions were employed. MEASUREMENTS Four outcome measures were based on five-point Likert scales: (1) adequacy of BH staff education; (2) ability to meet resident BH service needs; (3) adequacy of coordination/collaboration between NH/community providers; and (4) availability of necessary facility infrastructure. RESULTS BH service needs were unmet in one third of NHs; almost half lacked appropriate staff BH education. Over 30% reported having inadequate coordination of care between NH and community providers, and 26.2% had inadequate infrastructure for residents' referrals/transport. Staff BH education was less problematic in NHs with Alzheimer disease units (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6; P < .05), lower registered nurse (RN) turnover (OR = 0.7; P < .05), and more psychiatrically trained RNs (OR = 0.5; P < .001) and social workers (OR = 0.6; P < .05). Lower RN turnover (OR = 0.7; P < .05) and more psychiatrically trained RNs (OR = 0.6; P < .05) were associated with fewer NHs reporting being unable to meet BH service needs. Having more psychiatrically trained RNs (OR = 0.6; P < .05) was associated with fewer NHs reporting inadequate coordination with community providers. CONCLUSION Inadequate BH education and psychiatric training among NH staff were associated with subpar provision of BH services in this care setting. New initiatives that increase access to BH providers and services and improve staff education are urgently needed in NHs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1713-1717, 2019.
Breast Cancer Pathology

Pathologists play a pivotal role in the management of patients with breast diseases, particularly in the current era of multidisciplinary and personalized treatment. The pathologist establishes the diagnosis, assesses the extent of the disease and predictive and prognostic markers, evaluates the tumor response post-neoadjuvant systemic therapy, and also incorporates the latest advances in molecular testing into routine clinical practice. This chapter provides an overview of the approach used by pathologists to examine and sample breast tissue specimens and to interpret and report the microscopic findings including the assessment of margin status and evaluation of the tumor biomarkers.
The 100 most cited psoriasis articles in clinical dermatologic journals, 1970 to 2012.

Background: Citation analysis is an effective way to gauge the impact of an article on the scientific community. Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a citation analysis of 24 clinical dermatologic journals from 1970 to 2012, limited to the topic of psoriasis. Methods: The authors conducted a search of “psoriasis” in the Science Citation Index from 1970 to 2012, including articles that have received 100 or more citations. The top 100 most cited articles were further analyzed for country, institution, and study type. Results: Fifty of the top 100 most cited articles were from the United States and 81 of them were original articles. The majority of the top 100 classics were from dermatology programs in the United States, but institutions in the United Kingdom and Germany also made notable contributions. Citation classics in psoriasis were highly published from 1985 to 1989 and 2000 to 2004. Limitations: Limitations included potential neglect of a clinical dermatologic journal and the limited search term of “psoriasis.” Conclusion: The great majority of citation classics were published in the premier dermatologic journals. The top-ranking dermatology programs in the United States produced the majority of the top 100 classics in psoriasis. The high number of citation classics from 1985 to 1989 correlates to the discovery of the immune-mediated pathogenesis of psoriasis at that time. The 21st century brought forth the monumental development of biologic agents in psoriasis therapy, reflected by the high number of citation classics from 2000 to 2004.
Environmental stress perception activates structural remodeling of extant Streptococcus mutans biofilms

Transcription regulators from the LexA-like Protein Superfamily control a highly diverse assortment of genetic pathways in response to environmental stress. All characterized members of this family modulate their functionality and stability via a strict coordination with the coprotease function of RecA. Using the LexA-like protein IrvR from Streptococcus mutans, we demonstrate an exception to the RecA paradigm and illustrate how this evolutionary innovation has been coopted to diversify the stress responsiveness of S. mutans biofilms. Using a combination of genetics and biophysical measurements, we demonstrate how non-SOS stresses and SOS stresses each trigger separate regulatory mechanisms that stimulate production of a surface lectin responsible for remodeling the viscoelastic properties of extant biofilms during episodes of environmental stress. These studies demonstrate how changes in the external environment or even anti-biofilm therapeutic agents can activate biofilm-specific adaptive mechanisms responsible for bolstering the integrity of established biofilm communities. Such changes in biofilm community structure are likely to play central roles in the notorious recalcitrance of biofilm infections.
Effect of individual terpenes on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep.

We examined effects of individual terpenes on alfalfa pellet intake of lambs in five experiments. Forty-five lambs (nine lambs/treatment) were individually fed alfalfa pellets sprayed with either p-cymene, alpha-humulene, 1,8-cineole, 3-carene, or sabinene at one of five concentrations (one terpene per experiment). Treatments (0, .5, 1, 2, and 10x) were multiples of the concentration (x) of a specific terpene in tarbush that was related to differential herbivory by livestock in previous studies. Terpenes were applied to alfalfa pellets (.64 kg x lamb(-1) x d(-1), DM basis), and consumption was measured during a 20-min interval for 5 d. Lambs were adapted to handling and pen feeding for 10 d and were maintained and fed alfalfa pellets in one group (except during 20-min tests) at a mean total daily intake of 4.7% of BW (DM basis). None of the five compounds decreased alfalfa pellet consumption during the 20-min interval. These five mono- and sesquiterpenes do not seem to be responsible for differential herbivory of individual tarbush plants by livestock.
Nursing of interferon combined with smecta on children with the oral ulcer of hand foot and mouth disease

Objective To accumulate nursing experience for the hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD)and explore the effective nursing measures on oral ulcer of HFMD through the clinical nursing of children with HFMD which caused by EV71.Methods There were 198 cases complicated with Oral Ulcer among 208 hospitalized children with HFMD from January to June in 2008 in Wuhan Children Hospital.198 cases were given human interferon1b via ultrasonic atomizing inhalation combined with smecta used in the position of oral ulcer after saline gargling.Results 198 cases had got good clinical results from 1 to 2 days,excellent clinical results from 2 to 4 days,and were cured in 5 days.208 children with HFMD were cured after antiviral and symptomatic supportive treatment,the hospitalization time was 5～31 d (mean,8.2± 0.4) d.Conclusions Interferon via ultrasonic atomizing inhalation combined with smecta have good dfficacy on the children with HFMD.They can shorten the course of disease,improve the symptoms and signs rapidly,and have the advantages of simple operation,efficiency,rapid,safety and easy acceptance by parents and children.It is worthy of recommendation. Key words: EV71 HFMD; Oral ulcer; Interferon; Smecta; Nursing
Climate risk assessment and cascading impacts: Risks and opportunities for an electrical utility in the U.S. Southwest

Abstract Climate risks pose a particular set of challenges to electrical utilities, who must manage the direct impacts of climate and weather, as well as how related effects might propagate through networks of interconnected social and environmental risks. In this paper, we present a case study example of climate services development, co-produced between a regional electrical utility and researchers at the University of Arizona, that integrates and adapts a climate risk management framework to better connect university climate expertise with utility needs for climate risk management and planning. We detail the process by which our project team partnered with the utility to identify primary areas of concern for the electrical utility sector in the Southwest, and craft a qualitative assessment of these climate risks with the utility. We describe the iterative engagement process where operational implications associated with climate risks were identified including points of intervention for the utility, as part of their integrated resource planning process, and the cascading impacts that play a part in the larger decision context. We emphasize the role of novel analyses and curated data and information in the development of tailored climate services, as well as the importance of cultivating collaborative relationships between university researchers and community stakeholders and practitioners early on in research projects in order to better include their values, perspectives, and insights in the research process.
Promoting Open Educational Resources: A Beginner’s Playbook

The awareness, adoptions, adaptions, and publishing activity around Open Educational Resources (OER) vary greatly among institutions of higher education in Pennsylvania and beyond. This article provides an overview of the paths and efforts, described as preparation and plays, that I have taken to promote OER at Kutztown University and around the state as an OER Specialist for the Affordable Learning PA Project. While this article focuses on tactics for beginning OER promotion, readers who are further along in their efforts to develop and support OER projects may find some new ideas to explore and expand upon at their institutions.
Surgical management of umbilical masses in calves

Umbilical masses in calves are commonly encountered by bovine practitioners. They may vary in size from a small, discrete swelling to an extremely large mass. A mass at the umbilicus represents one of two basic situations: herniation or inflammation. A simple hernia is characterized by its reducibility, lack of pain on palpation, and the presence of a hernial ring. Inflammation (or infection) may be localized to the umbilical opening alone, or extend to involve intra-abdominal umbilical cord remnants. Both hernial and inflammatory components can be present in a single umbilical mass. In these cases the mass may be partially reducible, but will also have a component which is non-reducible. Unlike pigs, calves rarely incarcerate their hernias unless a significant inflammatory component is already present; therefore, any mass which is not completely reducible should be considered to have an inflammatory component.
The Need to Expand the Framework of Environmental Determinants of Cardiovascular Health From Climate Change to Planetary Health: Trial by Wildfire

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases;climate change;public health EN cardiovascular diseases climate change public health 2029 2031 3 05/27/21 20210525 NES 210525 The recent wildfires in the western United States, the zoonotic origin of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the conclusion of a historically severe hurricane season have starkly demonstrated the capacity of the environment to affect human health on a massive scale Looking through the lens of planetary health expands our definition of the environmental factors influencing heart health beyond climate change [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Circulation is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Electron transport properties of PAl12-based cluster complexes

The electronic transport properties of PAl12-based cluster complexes are investigated by density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method. Joining two PAl12 clusters via a germanium linker creates a stable semiconducting complex with a large HOMO–LUMO gap. Sequential attachment of an electron-donating ligand, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, to one of the two linked clusters results in the shifting of the electronic spectrum of the ligated cluster while the energy levels of the unligated cluster are mostly unchanged. Using this approach, one can eventually align the HOMO of the ligated cluster to the LUMO of the non-ligated cluster, thereby significantly reducing the HOMO–LUMO gap of the complex. As a result, the transport properties of the complex are highly dependent on the number of attached ligands. Although a single ligand is observed to generally decrease the current, the inclusion of two or more ligands shows a significant increase in the amount of current at most voltages. The resulting increase of the current can be attributed to two factors, first the reduction in the HOMO–LUMO gap due to ligand attachment which has moved the transmission orbitals into the bias window. Secondly, when two or more ligands are attached to the complex, the HOMOs become delocalized across the scattering region, and this significantly enhances the currents.