cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Unmixing Detrital Geochronologic Data

Sedimentary deposits constitute the primary record of changing environmental conditions that have acted on Earth’s surface over geologic time. Clastic material is eroded from source locations (parents) in sediment routing systems and deposited at sink locations (children). Both parents and children have characteristics that vary across many different dimensions, including grain size, chemical composition, and the geochronologic age of constituent detrital minerals. During transport, sediment from different parents is mixed together to form a child, which in turn may serve as the parent for other sediment farther down-system or later in time when buried sediment is exhumed. The distribution of detrital mineral ages observed in parent and child sediments allows for investigation of the proportion of each parent in the child sediment, which reflects the properties of the sediment routing system. To model the proportion of dates in a child sample that comes from each of the parent distributions, we use a Bayesian mixture of Dirichlet processes. This model enables us to estimate the mixing proportions with associated uncertainty while making minimal assumptions. We also present an extension to the model whereby we reconstruct unobserved parent distributions from multiple observed child distributions using mixtures of Dirichlet processes. The model accounts for uncertainty in both the number of mineral formation events that constitute each parent distribution and the mixing proportions of each parent distribution that constitutes a child distribution. To demonstrate the model, we perform analyses using simulated data where the true age distribution is known as well as using a real-world case study from the coast of central California, USA.
The role of Sociodemographic factors on goal achievement in a community-based diabetes prevention program behavioral lifestyle intervention.

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) behavioral lifestyle intervention was effective among a diverse sample of adults with prediabetes. Demonstrated effectiveness in translated versions of the DPP lifestyle intervention (such as Group Lifestyle Balance, DPP-GLB) led to widescale usage with national program oversight and reimbursement. However, little is known about the success of these DPP-translation programs across subgroups of sociodemographic factors. This current effort investigated potential disparities in DPP-translation program primary goal achievement (physical activity and weight) by key sociodemographic factors. Data were combined from two 12-month community-based DPP-GLB trials among overweight/obese individuals with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. We evaluated change in weight (kilograms and percent) and activity (MET-hrs/week) and goal achievement (yes/no; ≥5% weight loss and 150 min per week activity) after 6 and 12 months of intervention within and across subgroups of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black), employment status, education, income, and gender. Among 240 participants (85%) with complete data, most sociodemographic subgroups demonstrated significant weight loss. However, non-Hispanic white lost more weight at both 6 and 12 months compared to non-Hispanic black participants [median weight loss (IQR), 6 months: 5.7% (2.7–9.0) vs. 1.5% (1.2–7.5) p = .01 and 12 months: 4.8% (1.1–9.6) vs. 1.1% (− 2.0–3.7) p = .01, respectively]. In addition, a larger percentage of non-Hispanic white demonstrated a 5% weight loss at 6 and 12 months. Employment was significantly related to 12-month weight loss, with retired participants being the most successful. Men, participants with graduate degrees, and those with higher income were most likely to meet the activity goal at baseline and 12 months. Differences in physical activity goal achievement across gender, education, and income groups were significant at baseline, attenuated after 6 months, then re-emerged at 12 months. The DPP-GLB was effective in promoting weight loss and helped to alleviate disparities in physical activity levels after 6 months. Despite overall program success, differences in weight loss achievement by race/ethnicity were found and disparities in activity re-emerged after 12 months of intervention. These results support the need for intervention modification providing more tailored approaches to marginalized groups to maximize the achievement and maintenance of DPP-GLB behavioral goals. NCT01050205 , NCT02467881 .
The Strategy of Positive Complementarity

The dilemma for the OTP is how it can make a significant contribution towards ending impunity with finite resources that permit just a handful of trials per year. Its proposed solution, as stated in its first police paper, is to encourage states to conduct their own domestic proceedings. According to the Prosecutor, the absence of trials before the ICC as a consequence of the regular functioning of national institutions would be a major success for the OTP.
Defective expression and function of p53 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines

89 TP53 is an important tumor suppressor gene that controls the cell cycle and apoptosis, and regulates the expression of many genes at the transcriptional level. p53 mutations have been observed in approximately 50% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however, the molecular mechanisms of p53 have not been well understood for the cancers with either wild type or mutant p53. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and function of wild type and mutant p53 in 9 human HNSCC cell lines (UM-SCC) and normal human keratinocytes. Among the 9 UM-SCC cells lines, 4 maintain wild type p53 status and 5 maintain mutant p53 status. cDNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR revealed a lower baseline level of p53 mRNA in cell lines with wild type p53 in comparison to normal keratinocytes. In contrast, there are comparable or higher baseline levels of p53 mRNA in mutant p53 cell lines in comparison to normal keratinocytes. Baseline levels of p53 protein were not detectable in wild type p53 cell lines by Western blot, however, there were higher baseline levels of mutant p53 protein detected in the mutant p53 cell lines when compared with normal keratinocytes. We further examined p53 expression and function under the treatment of cytotoxic agent doxorubicin (Dox). The exposure of normal keratinocytes to a 0.5μg/ml Dox increased p53 mRNA levels, p53 and p21 protein levels, and p53 binding activity. The p53 mRNA levels either remained unchanged or demonstrated a general decrease following Dox treatment in UM-SCC cell lines with either p53 status. No detectable p53 and p21 proteins, or p53 binding activity were observed in cell lines with wild type p53 after treatment. In cell lines with mutant p53, UM-SCC-11B and 38 showed increased levels of p53 and p21 protein, and p53 binding activity after Dox treatment. There was no change in p53 protein levels observed in cell lines 22A, 22B, and 46, and no change in p53 binding activity in 22A and 22B cells, however, cell line 46 showed a decrease in p53 binding activity. p21 protein levels increased in cell lines 22A, 22B, and 46 following Dox treatment. Our data suggest that the defective expression and function of both wild type and mutant p53 could be an important tumorigeneic mechanism in HNSCC cells. The aberrant p53 mRNA expression could contribute to such mechanisms in addition to the regulation at the level of protein degradation and interaction. Research was supported by the Intramural Research Program, NIDCD, project DC-00016
Empirical Estimation of the Expected Rate of Return on a Portfolio of Stocks

We invert the residual income valuation model (using current stock prices, current book value of equity and short-term forecasts of accounting earnings) to obtain an estimate of the expected rate of return for a portfolio of stocks. Our approach is analogous to the estimation of the internal rate of return on a bond using market values and coupon payments. Estimation of the cost of equity capital by inverting the residual income valuation model requires an estimate of growth in residual income beyond the forecast horizon. The contribution of our method is that we use the stock price and accounting data to simultaneously estimate the unique implied growth rate and the internal rate of return. This growth rate provides an adjustment for the fact that our estimate of the internal rate of return is based on current book value of equity and short-term earnings forecasts. Our analysis of DJIA firms yields estimates of expected growth that are considerably higher than those assumed by earlier studies. Our estimated market premium over the risk-free rate is closer to the historical premium than that obtained by other studies using earnings forecast data. After completing the pro-forma forecasting of earnings (as described in, Penman [2000], for example) and/or after obtaining analysts' forecasts of earnings for a number of firms with comparable operating activities, our method may be used to estimate the market's expectation of the cost of capital and growth for these firms. These estimates for comparable firms may be used to determine the intrinsic value of an unlisted firm, a division of a firm, or a firm that is believed to be relatively over/under-valued.
Monsters of Our Own Making: The Peculiar Pleasures of Fear

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Marina Warner Year: 2007 Pages: 472 Publisher: University Press of Kentucky ISBN: 978-0-8131-9174-4 (soft cover). Prices: $25.00 USD(soft cover).
Validation of a model of left ventricular segmentation for interpretation of SPET myocardial perfusion images

Several models of left ventricular segmentation have been developed that assume a standard coronary artery distribution, and are currently used for interpretation of single-photon emission tomography (SPET) myocardial perfusion imaging. This approach has the potential for incorrect assignment of myocardial segments to vascular territories, possibly over- or underestimating the number of vessels with significant coronary artery disease (CAD). We therefore sought to validate a 17-segment model of myocardial perfusion by comparing the predefined coronary territory assignment with the actual angiographically derived coronary distribution. We examined 135 patients who underwent both coronary angiography and stress SPET imaging within 30 days. Individualized coronary distribution was determined by review of the coronary angiograms and used to identify the coronary artery supplying each of the 17 myocardial segments of the model. The actual coronary distribution was used to assess the accuracy of the assumed coronary distribution of the model. The sensitivities and specificities of stress SPET for detection of CAD in individual coronary arteries and the classification regarding perceived number of diseased coronary arteries were also compared between the two coronary distributions (actual and assumed). The assumed coronary distribution corresponded to the actual coronary anatomy in all but one segment (#3). The majority of patients (80%) had 14 or more concordant segments. Sensitivities and specificities of stress SPET for detection of CAD in the coronary territories were similar, with the exception of the RCA territory, for which specificity for detection of CAD was better for the angiographically derived coronary artery distribution than for the model. There was 95% agreement between assumed and angiographically derived coronary distributions in classification to single- versus multi-vessel CAD. Reassignment of a single segment (segment #3) from the LCX to the LAD territory further improved the model's fit with the anatomic data. It is concluded that left ventricular segmentation using a model with assumed coronary artery distribution is valid for interpretation of SPET myocardial perfusion imaging.
DISC 20th anniversary: invited talk my early days in distributed computing theory: 1979-1982

I first became involved in Distributed Computing Theory around 1978 or 1979, as a new professor at Georgia Tech. Looking back at my first few years in the field, approximately 1979-1982, I see that they were tremendously exciting, productive, and fun. I collaborated with, and learned from, many leaders of the field, including Mike Fischer, Jim Burns, Michael Merritt, Gary Peterson, Danny Dolev, and Leslie Lamport. Results that emerged during that time included space lower bounds for mutual exclusion; definition of the k-exclusion problem, with associated lower bounds and algorithms; the Burns-Lynch lower bound on the number of registers needed for mutual exclusion; fast network-wide resource allocation algorithms; the Lynch-Fischer semantic model for distributed systems (a precursor to I/O automata); early work on proof techniques for distributed algorithms; lower bounds on the number of rounds for Byzantine agreement; definition of the approximate agreement problem and associated algorithms; and finally, the Fischer-Lynch-Paterson impossibility result for consensus. In this talk, I will review this early work, trying to explain how we were thinking at the time, and how the ideas in these projects influenced later work.
Punitive Damages, Retribution, and Due Process

Tort law provides awards of punitive damages for reasons of retribution and deterrence. In light of a recent decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in Phillip Morris USA v. Williams, the retributive rationale for punitive damages will inevitably come under heightened scrutiny. The case involves a punitive award of $79.5 million that is 97 times greater than the compensatory damages, making it presumptively unconstitutional under the Court's punitive damages jurisprudence. The Court, though, has never addressed the constitutional issue in a case involving serious bodily injury or death, and so Williams poses a number of new questions. How can compensatory damages provide an appropriate baseline for evaluating punitive damages in a case of wrongful death, given that monetary damages provide no compensation to a dead person? What is the appropriate baseline? Any future deterrence provided by a punitive award cannot protect the decedent's tort right, and so the award must be justified exclusively in terms of retribution. Is retribution inherently subjective and arbitrary, unless constrained by some objective measure such as the single-digit ratio between the punitive and compensatory damages? Or is there some way to translate retribution into dollars? These questions are not limited to wrongful-death cases and must be resolved by any court trying to determine whether a punitive award is unconstitutional for exceeding the presumptively required single-digit ratio between punitive and compensatory damages. These questions can all be answered once retribution is tied to the inherent limitations of compensatory damages, which yields a method for quantifying this form of punitive damages. Based upon government data and methodology involving the monetization of fatal risks, this method shows why vindication of the decedent's tort right in Williams justifies the $79.5 million punitive award. When formulated in this manner, vindictive damages satisfy the requirements of both substantive and procedural due process and provide a baseline for reviewing courts to determine whether any given punitive award, like one based on general deterrence, is excessive in violation of substantive due process. This method fully accounts for the reprehensibility factors that determine the constitutionality of a punitive award, while also explaining why the Court could defensibly rely upon procedural due process to reverse and remand Williams back to state court.
A comparison of self‐report and performance data in assessing speaking and listening competence

Much of the research on communication competence relies on self‐report data. This study compared self‐report data to ratings of competence in actual performance. No relationship was found between persons’ self‐evaluations as interpersonal communicators, public speakers, or listeners and their observed ability to perform in these three communication areas. The argument was made for considering observed performance data as more valid than self‐report data. When the latter are used, caution is advised in drawing conclusions.
The war against poverty : the encouraging truth about foreign aid

Development economists have been highly skeptical about the value of direct aid. But the author argues the skepticism has been overstated. Aid has worked, he strongly argues, but sensible guidelines are needed.
Glycerolphosphate-Containing Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Streptococcus sanguis

Six glycerolphosphate-containing tetraheteroglycans, a, b-1, b-2, b-3, b-4, and b-5, have been purified from the formamide extracts of Streptococcus sanguis by alcohol and acetone precipitations, Sephadex G-75, and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography. The polysaccharides were judged as at least 95% pure by analytical disc gel electrophoresis and immune double diffusion against rabbit antiserum. They were shown to be cell wall polysaccharides, since they formed a single band of identity in immune double diffusion with partially purified polysaccharide extracted from a purified cell wall preparation of S. sanguis. The polysaccharides were composed of l-rhamnose, d-glucose, and N-acetyl d-glucosamine in a similar molar ratio, but varied in their glycerol and phosphate contents. They exhibited four different mobilities in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis at pH 8.9. When they were treated with formamide at 170 C for 20 min, the faster moving polysaccharide(s) yielded polysaccharides with mobilities corresponding to the other slower moving polysaccharides. These results indicate that the polysaccharides originated from the same cell wall polysaccharide and were produced as a result of breakage in the phosphodiester bonds during the formamide extraction procedure. A preliminary structural study shows that the terminal reducing sugar is l-rhamnose and that the glycerol moiety is probably linked to the polysaccharide through a phosphodiester bond.
K- andL-shell internal conversion coefficients of the 256 and 139 keV γ-transitions from151Nd

A Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectrometer and a Si(Li) electron spectrometer were standardized for internal conversion coefficient measurements using gamma-transitions of well-determined αK andK/L values from standard sources. The internal conversion coefficients of four gamma-transitions following the 12 minute β-decay of151Nd were determined by using this standardized spectrometer.
Health information-seeking behavior and older African American women

This study explored the ways in which urban, older, African American women obtain health information and some of the factors that influence such activity. Among the possible determinants examined were self-perceived literacy, access to health information, and mobility. The findings suggest that respondents receive health information from their physicians, the mass media, and members of their social networks. The results of this research also indicated that members of this population have a highly positive perception of the public library, although only a small segment use the library regularly, and that it may be in the interest of the library to investigate the role it could play in providing health information to older adults.
Expression, regulation and functional assessment of the 80 amino acid Small Adipocyte Factor 1 (Smaf1) protein in adipocytes.

The gene for Small Adipocyte Factor 1, Smaf1 (also known as adipogenin, ADIG), encodes a ∼600 base transcript that is highly upregulated during 3T3-L1 in vitro adipogenesis and markedly enriched in adipose tissues. Based on the lack of an obvious open reading frame in the Smaf1 transcript, it is not known if the Smaf1 gene is protein coding or non-coding RNA. Using a peptide from a putative open reading frame of Smaf1 as antigen, we generated antibodies for western analysis. Our studies prove that Smaf1 encodes an adipose-enriched protein which in western blot analysis migrates at ∼10 kDa. Rapid induction of Smaf1 protein occurs during in vitro adipogenesis and its expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is positively regulated by insulin and glucose. Moreover, siRNA studies reveal that expression of Smaf1 in adipocytes is wholly dependent on PPARγ. On the other hand, use of siRNA for Smaf1 to nearly abolish its protein expression in adipocytes revealed that Smaf1 does not have a major role in adipocyte triglyceride accumulation, lipolysis or insulin-stimulated pAkt induction. However, immunolocalization studies using HA-tagged Smaf1 reveal enrichment at adipocyte lipid droplets. Together our findings show that Smaf1 is a novel small protein endogenous to adipocytes and that Smaf1 expression is closely tied to PPARγ-mediated signals and the adipocyte phenotype.
Approximate-match waiting times: substitution/deletion metric

An extension of the Wyner-Ziv waiting-time theorem to an approximate-match form for the substitution/deletion metric is obtained for the class of contractions of B-processes.
Motor Development and Postural Control Evaluation of Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Review of Three Inexpensive Assessment Tools-Pbs, Tgmd-2, And P-Ctsib

Objective Sensorineural hearing loss is believed to be the result of a physiologic malfunction in the inner ear or acoustic nerve. Depending on the rapidity of progression and severity, sensorineural hearing loss can be endlessly annoying, frightening and can constitute a permanent after effect. Moreover, there is no surgical procedure that can reverse or lessen the severity of a sensorineural hearing loss. Furthermore, children with sensorineural hearing loss present with additional disabilities in 30 to 40% of the cases. Children with profound sensorineural hearing loss may exhibit abnormalities of vestibular structures, which may lead to impairment of postural control, locomotion and gait. The development of gross motor functions such as head control, sitting and walking are likely to be delayed in these children. Evaluation of motor skills and balance are the core of the pediatrician and physical therapist's expertise and practice. Knowledge of the reliable, valid and inexpensive assessment tools for measuring motor skills and balance are necessary to gauge the progression of the disease and the impact of treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize inexpensive tools such as TGMD-2, PBS, and P-CTSIB.
Spurenanreicherungen in Ackerböden mit selektiver Abtrennung von Eisen

Die bisher bekannten Verfahren zur Spurenanreicherung in Ackerboden wurden auf die Entfernung des Eisens erweitert. Zwei Anreicherungsverfahren werden angegeben; das eine beruht auf der Entfernung des Eisens aus salzsaurer Losung durch Ausschutten mit Isobutylmethylketon mit nachfolgender Reduktion von Eisen(lIII) zu Eisen(II) mittels Ascorbinsaure und nochmaligem Ausschutteln der mitextrahierten Elemente mit Isobutylmethylketon. Dabei bleibt das Eisen(II) in der wasrigen Phase zuruck. Aus den vereinigten, die Spurenelemente enthaltenden Phasen beider Ausschuttelungen werden die Spurenelemente mit Pyrrolidindithiocarbaminat und Kupferron gefallt und mit Chloroform extrahiert. Das zweite Verfahren, die Extraktion des Eisen(III)-chlorids aus 7 n Lithiumchloridlosung, bietet Vorteile. Es bleiben mehr Elemente in der wasrigen Phase zuruck, und die Reduktion des Eisen(III)-ions durch Ascorbinsaure verlauft in der sehr schwach sauren Losung stets quantitativ. Durch eine Ausschuttelung konnen von Eisen quantitativ die Alkalien, Erdalkalien, Al, Ti, Zr, Th, Pb, Asv, Bi, Vv, CrIII, CrVI, Mo, Mn, Co, Ni, Ag, Cd, Zn (99,2%), Cu (99%) und UVI (95,5%) abgetrennt werden. Daraus ergeben sich sehr einfach durchzufuhrende Trennungen von Eisen(III)/Chrom(VI), Eisen(III)/Vanadin(V) und Eisen(III)/Molybdan, die durch Extraktion aus salzsaurer Losung nicht getrennt werden. Das Anreicherungsverfahren ist fur alle Substanzen, die Eisen als Hauptbestandteil enthalten, anwendbar.
Novel Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of a Sugar-Base Hybrid to Afford an Anhydronucleoside

Abstract Treatment of the sugar-base hybrid 9 with boron trichloride at low temperature for 40 h affords the 6,3′-anhydro-2′-deoxyuridine 10 in 40% yield (80% based on recovered 9) via a novel structural rearrangement.
Provocative Sensory Testing in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

This study reports the relationship between three clinical tests in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome and the stages of nerve compression. Assessments of 158 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were reviewed retrospectively. 77% of patients had at least one of the clinical signs present. The incidence of positive pressure-provocative and Phalen's tests were similar and more likely to occur in combination than separately. Tinel's sign was more likely to be positive in the later stages of nerve compression. Our results suggest that the presence or absence of a provocative test is dependent upon the severity of the nerve compression.
Intelligent system for predicting wireless sensor network performance in on-demand deployments

The need for advanced tools that provide efficient design and planning of on-demand deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSN) is critical for meeting our nation's demand for increased intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance in numerous safety-critical applications. For practical applications, WSN deployments can be time-consuming and error-prone, since they have the utmost challenge of guaranteeing connectivity and proper area coverage upon deployment. This creates an unmet demand for decision-support systems that help manage this complex process. This paper presents research-in-progress to develop an advanced decision-support system for predicting the optimal deployment of wireless sensor nodes within an area of interest. The proposed research will have significant impact on the future application of WSN technology, specifically in the emergency response, environmental quality, national security, and engineering education domains.
Diffusion of CCS and energy efficient technologies in power and iron & steel sectors

Abstract In a long-term perspective, deep emissions cuts are essential for a stabilization of atmospheric GHGs. We analyze a role of CCS in a global energy systems model, which we call DNE21+. The DNE21+ is a technology-rich optimization model that minimizes energy systems costs under some constraints, e.g., global emissions path, electricity demand, and steel production. The model also has a high regional resolution and the trajectory of technological changes shall be a practical one because the vintages and lifetimes of the facilities are taken into account inside the model. Three cases are studied; i) reference, ii) 550 ppmv CO2-only stabilization and iii) 50% reductions by 2050 (50/50) cases. The results indicate that a moderate diffusion of CCS in power sector and more efficient blast furnace - basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) technologies are cost-effective options in the 550 ppmv case. In contrast the results in the 50/50 case are radical solutions. Almost fossil-fuel and bio-fuel power plants have CCS facilities in 2050. BF-BOFs are replaced with most efficient BF-BOFs with CCS and H2-based DRI-EAFs. Discussion for global emission target/vision should explicitly consider these aspects of radical technology diffusion.
Dissolution Kinetics: Catalysis by Salts

Abstract The dissolution of silicate minerals by hydrofluoric acid has been found to be catalyzed by salts such as NH4Cl, NaCl, and LiCl as well as by strong acids. This catalysis is a strong function of pH and is attributed to the competitive adsorption of cations at surface hydroxyls. A kinetic model has been developed which represents the dissolution process as a combination of parallel uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions. The model gives excellent agreement with initial rates of dissolution for kaolinite and quartz, obtained by experiments with a slurry reactor.
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can predispose bighorn sheep to fatal Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae has been isolated from the lungs of pneumonic bighorn sheep (BHS). However experimental reproduction of fatal pneumonia in BHS with M. ovipneumoniae was not successful. Therefore the specific role, if any, of M. ovipneumoniae in BHS pneumonia is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether M. ovipneumoniae alone causes fatal pneumonia in BHS, or predisposes them to infection by Mannheimia haemolytica. We chose M. haemolytica for this study because of its isolation from pneumonic BHS, and its consistent ability to cause fatal pneumonia under experimental conditions. Since in vitro culture could attenuate virulence of M. ovipneumoniae, we used ceftiofur-treated lung homogenates from pneumonic BHS lambs or nasopharyngeal washings from M. ovipneumoniae-positive domestic sheep (DS) as the source of M. ovipneumoniae. Two adult BHS were inoculated intranasally with lung homogenates while two others received nasopharyngeal washings from DS. All BHS developed clinical signs of respiratory infection, but only one BHS died. The dead BHS had carried leukotoxin-positive M. haemolytica in the nasopharynx before the onset of this study. It is likely that M. ovipneumoniae colonization predisposed this BHS to fatal infection with the M. haemolytica already present in this animal. The remaining three BHS developed pneumonia and died 1-5 days following intranasal inoculation with M. haemolytica. On necropsy, lungs of all four BHS showed lesions characteristic of bronchopneumonia. M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae were isolated from the lungs. These results suggest that M. ovipneumoniae alone may not cause fatal pneumonia in BHS, but can predispose them to fatal pneumonia due to M. haemolytica infection.
Self-consistent relativistic APW calculation of the electronic structure of niobium with a non-muffin-tin potential

We report the results of a self-consistent relativistic augmented-plane-wave calculation of the electronic structure of Nb. This calculation was performed using potentials and charge densities of general shape; i.e., the muffin-tin approximations of a spherical shape inside the muffin-tin spheres and constant in the interstitial region were both removed. The results are thus an accurate representation of the Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham formalism for Nb. We find that the results are generally better than those obtained using the full Slater (..cap alpha.. = 1) overlapping-charge-density model. The effects of small changes in exchange parameter ..cap alpha.. and lattice constant a have also been calculated.
Perceptual similarity in non-local laryngeal restrictions

Abstract This paper presents evidence from a series of perception experiments that non-local restrictions on laryngeal features are restrictions on contrast. First, I present results from two perception experiments and show that the perceptual strength of a contrast in ejection or aspiration correlates with the typology of long-distance restrictions on these segments. I then claim that a language may disallow roots with two ejectives because roots of this type are judged too perceptually similar to a root with only one ejective. Second, I claim that non-local laryngeal restrictions involve restrictions on auditory properties. A third experiment supports the idea that long VOT is relevant in explaining the interaction of ejectives and aspirates in Quechua, thus supporting the proposal that auditory dimensions of contrast are relevant to phonology ( Flemming, 1995; Steriade, 1997 ).
A Process-Variation-Tolerant Floating-Point Unit with Voltage Interpolation and Variable Latency

This paper explores two fine-grained, post-fabrication circuit-tuning techniques to combat process variation for pipelined logic componentsrdquo voltage interpolation and variable latency. These techniques are applied to a single-precision floating-point unit (FPU) designed using a standard CAD synthesis flow in a 0.13 mum CMOS logic process with 8 metal layers. Measured results from fabricated chips show that both techniques provide wide frequency tuning range to deal with frequency fluctuations arising from process variations with minimal power overhead, and in some configurations, power savings.
When Battered Mothers Lose Custody: A Qualitative Study of Abuse at Home and in the Courts

ABSTRACT The following study adds to research that examines child custody cases involving a history of interpersonal violence. This study contributes to past research by providing qualitative accounts of women's experiences with intimate partner violence prior to custody loss, institutional abuse at the hands of the family court, and abuse experienced after custody loss. Data come from a convenience sample of 16 noncustodial mothers from northeastern Ohio. Findings support past research, which finds corruption, denial of due process, and gender bias in the family court system. Policy recommendations are made and future research directions suggested.
Artificial Selection for Structural Color on Butterfly Wings and Comparison to Natural Evolution

We evolved violet structural color from brown-colored butterflies over six generations of artificial selection. The mechanism of color generation was identified and found to mimic the natural evolution of violet/blue color in closely related species.
Constant-time monocular self-calibration

This paper describes an extensible framework for real-time self-calibration of cameras in the simultaneous mapping and localization (SLAM) setting. The system is demonstrated to calibrate both pinhole and fish-eye camera models from unknown initial parameters while seamlessly solving the maximum likelihood online SLAM problem in real-time. Self-calibration is performed by tracking image features, and requires no predetermined calibration target. By automatically identifying and using only those portions of the sequence that contain useful information for the purpose of calibration the system achieves accurate results incrementally and in constant-time vs. the number of images. Furthermore, no special initialization movements are necessary. Parameters estimated by the framework are shown to closely match the batch solution as well as offline calibration values, but are computed live in constant-time. By not rolling information into an assumed prior distribution, the system avoids inconsistencies caused by early linearization — a problem that limits filtering techniques. The system is evaluated with experimental data and shown to be accurate vs. both the offline and batch calibration estimates.
Influence of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash on growth and abscisic acid in Douglas-fir seedlings

Summary Seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) received an accumulation of ash, which was collected from an eruption of Mt. St. Helens, WA. Root and shoot dry weights were lower in ashcovered plants. Ash-treated seedlings also had smaller leaf dimensions, smaller stem diameters, and greater chlorophyll contents. No significant difference was seen in height. Morphological features and chlorophyll content suggest that shading is the primary effect of a thin ash cover. ABA concentration was significantly greater in ash-covered shoots (2.40) compared with control shoots (1.49), on a mg/kg, dry weight basis. Water potential was greater in ash-covered shoots than in controls, but a regression of ABA on the water percentages in root, shoot, and vermiculite showed only a significant negative correlation between vermiculite moisture and ABA of ash-covered and control roots, collectively. Forty percent of the variance in ABA content of roots was explained by the level of moisture in the environment of the root.
AUTECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE MARINE DIATOM RHIZOSOLENIA FRAGILISSIMA BERGON. I. THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT, TEMPERATURE, AND SALINITY1

SUMMARY The influence of 113 combinations of temperature (9, 12, 18, 25, 30 C), salinity (5–35 ‰ at 5 ‰ intervals), and light (4 levels) on the mean daily cell division rate (K) of the Narragansett Bay clone of Rhizosolenia fragilissima was examined following appropriate preconditioning. Growth did not occur below 9 C, but was excellent (K =∼1.2) under certain combinations of light and salinity at 12, 18, and 25 C. The optimal salinity of 20–25 ‰ was temperature independent. Growth was not measurable at 5 ‰, although survival occurred. At 20 ‰ and 1200 ft-c, K increased approximately 1.8-fold from 0.65 to ∼1.2 between 9 and 18–25 C. The optimal light intensity was generally 600 ft-c, although several light-temperature-salinity trends were found. At 10 ‰ at all temperatures, the mean daily division rate decreased with increasing light above 600 ft-c, a response found at all salinities at 12 C, but not at other temperatures. Between 15 and 25 ‰, at 18 and 25 C, mean growth was independent of light intensity; at 30–35 ‰ a direct relationship with light may be present with maximum growth occurring at 1200–1800 ft-c. The in situ and in vitro responses of Rhiz. fragilissima to salinity and the optimum and upper temperature levels are in general agreement. However, growth failure below 9 C in vitro is at odds with reports that natural populations occur even at −1.11 C. The questions of to what extent this discrepancy reflects the occurrence of thermal clones, different taxa, and/or experimental artifacts are briefly discussed. It is suggested that naturally occurring populations found below 9 C might be designated as Rhiz. fragilissima f. faeroensis, and that Rhiz. fragilissima f. bergonii be used for populations growing at higher temperatures, until this matter is resolved. Observations on auxospore formation are presented.
Towards a shell-model description of the low-energy structure of deformed nuclei II. Electromagnetic properties of collective M1 bands☆

A shell-model theory, called the pseudo SU(3) model, which was proposed previously for giving the structure of low-lying states in heavy deformed nuclei is used to predict the number of 1/sup +/ states with strong M1 transitions to ground states for the nuclei /sup 154/Sm, /sup 156//sup --//sup 160/Gd, /sup 164/Dy, /sup 168/Er, /sup 174/Yb of the rare earth region and the actinide species /sup 232/Th, /sup 234//sup --//sup 240/U, /sup 242/Pu. Results are also given for E2 and M3 transition strengths in these nuclei. The measures provide a rigorous test of the theory, which in reality is a many-particle Nilsson scheme, because the real M1, E2, and M3 operators are used in the calculations. It is found that the results for E2 strengths using the real quadrupole operator Q-script differ by less than 5 from those of calculations that use the operator Q-italic-tilde which is a generator of the pseudo SU(3) symmetry. This is so even for weak interband transitions. To further test the theory additional experimental information on the 2/sup +//sub ..gamma../ states is necessary. In particular, the 1/sup +/ ..-->.. 2/sup +//sub ..gamma../ decay strengths are needed to differentiate between theories for the structure of the giantmore » M1 states. copyright 1987 Academic Press, Inc.« less
HyperRhetoric: Multimedia, literacy, and the future of composition

Abstract In an age when children are learning to point and click with a mouse at the same time that they are learning how to hold a pencil to write the alphabet, it is clear that literacy today involves more than the three R's. Young children are also learning more and more from hypermedia and multimedia forms of instruction, and these influences on children's early education will have a profound effect on their abilities to read and write and on their very conception of what it means to read and write. Although multimedia communication is revolutionizing concepts of literacy and the composing process, it requires a new way of thinking about producing information, so that we can understand and teach the process of multimedia composition. Using a semiotic approach, this article presents a rhetorical model of multimedia communication and its elements and an analysis of the multimedia composition process and its rhetorical features.
Bovine Pancreatic Lipase. III. Lipolysis of Oils and Fats and Fatty Acid Specificity

Abstract Purified bovine pancreatic lipase hydrolyzed butteroil, vegetable oils, and synthetic glycerides. The enzyme hydrolyzed triglycerides more rapidly than di-and monoglycerides and tripropionin faster than any other synthetic glyceride. Triacetin was the least hydrolyzed glyceride. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the free fatty acids liberated by the lipase from milk fat indicated that the enzyme selectively liberated butyric acid in higher proportion than the relative amount originally in the fat. The enzyme released saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids from commercial vegetable oils. With regard to the lipolytic behavior, in general, the bovine pancreatic lipase closely resembled milk lipase.
Cavity Effects and Hot Spot Formulation Inmicrowave Heated Ceramic Fibers

Recently the heating of a thin ceramic cylinder in a single mode applicator was modeled and analyzed assuming a small Biot number and a known uniform electric field through out the sample. The resulting simplified mathematical equations explained the mechanism for the generation and growth of localized regions of high temperature. The results predicted that a hot-spot, once formed, will grow until it consumes the entire sample. Most experimental observations show that the hot-spot stabilizes and moves no further. A new model is proposed which incorporates the effect of the cavity and the nlonuiniform character of the electric field along the axis of the sample. The resulting simplified mathematical equations indicate that these effects stabilize the growth of hot-spots.
Anti-Stokes luminescence of 248curium(III) bromide☆

Abstract The anti-Stokes luminescence from six excited-state Stark manifolds of CmBr3 was observed at both 300 and 77 K by using dye laser excitation. The applicable mechanism for the production of the anti-Stokes luminescence is discussed and the crystal field splittings of the luminescence manifolds are correlated with the compound's crystal structure. The very low background produced by this method allows the observation of luminescence from excited states normally obscured by matrix scatter and matrix luminescence.
Data Systems Linking Resources to Actions and Outcomes: One of the Nation's Most Pressing Education Challenges.

The inadequacy of present-day public school financial and performance reporting restricts policymakers. With existing spending and activity information now generally available, public officials can determine only overall education resource levels and make allocative decisions only among gross input categories such as relative amounts of labor and materials. If policymakers knew with greater precision for what activities school resources were actually employed and could systematically link resources to results, the consequence might well be greater (a) knowledge regarding schooling and progress toward an “education production function,” (b) distributional equity of educational resources, and (c) opportunity for informed public discussion of education.
Physical Activity and Health: Becoming Mainstream

Complementary health practices and physical activity share some common origins. In the early stages of development, neither was widely practiced or recognized as a valuable contributor to health. Systematic research on physical activity and health began in the 1950s, focusing on occupational exertion. That work was criticized as methodologically flawed, leading in time to more controlled research, longitudinal studies, and the adoption of an exercise epidemiology model. In 1996, the Surgeon General’s Report on Physical Activity and Health clearly documented that physical activity reduced morbidity and mortality. Physical activity had become part of mainstream health and medicine. In 2002, the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy suggested ways of strengthening the growing body of evidence that supports a number of complementary health practices. With improved methodology, complementary health practices researchers can provide stronger documentation of the beneficial impa...
Hydrodynamic Focusing Based Particle Filtration Using an Island Structure With Built-In Valves

We propose a hydrodynamic focusing based particle filtration method. Three microchannels associated for the filtration were networked with an island structure to control a boundary to limit particle sizes. The boundary was easily controlled by adjusting lengths of the three microchannels. Using hydrodynamic focusing in the microfluidic network, we have successfully designed and tested the device to filtrate particles of 10-μm and 20-μm. By adjusting the ratios of hydraulic resistances (or outlet channel lengths) using the built-in valves, the boundary distance was controlled. The proposed method could continuously sort particles by size. Thus, the proposed sorting method can be applicable for many fields for biology and biomedical engineering.© 2009 ASME
Purposive Discovery of Operators

The Generate, Prune & Prove (GPP) methodology for discovering definitions of mathematical operators is introduced. GPP is a task within the IL exploration discovery system. We developed GPP for use in the discovery of mathematical operators with a wider class of representations than was possible with the previous methods by Lenat and by Shen. GPP utilizes the purpose for which an operator is created to prune the possible definitions. The relevant search spaces are immense and there exists insufficient information for a complete evaluation of the purpose constraint, so it is necessary to perform a partial evaluation of the purpose (i.e., pruning) constraint. The constraint is first transformed so that it is operational with respect to the partial information, and then it is applied to examples in order to test the generated candidates for an operator's definition. In the GPP process, once a candidate definition survives this empirical prune, it is passed on to a theorem prover for formal verification. We describe the application of this methodology to the (re)discovery of the definition of multiplication for Conway numbers, a discovery which is difficult for human mathematicians. We successfully model this discovery process utilizing information which was reasonably available at the time of Conway's original discovery. As part of this discovery process, we reduce the size of the search space from a computationally intractable size to 3468 elements.
Phosphorus in Poultry Nutrition IV. Radioactive Phosphorus as a Tracer in Studying the Metabolism of Phytin by the Turkey Poult

Abstract THE metabolism of phytin phosphorus by the chick and the turkey poult and its relationship to vitamin D from different sources has been studied by several investigators during the last few years. (Singsen and Mitchell, 1945; Matterson, Scott and Singsen, 1946; Singsen, Matterson and Scott, 1947; Gillis, Norris and Heuser, 1949.) These studies indicated (1) that the phosphorus of phytin was poorly utilized by the poult and the chick for bone calcification although it appeared to support some growth and (2) that the source and level of vitamin D had a marked effect upon calcification as measured by the percent bone ash when phytin was the major source of phosphorus. Radioactive phosphorus (P32) seemed to offer real possibilities for obtaining further information on the metabolism of phytin phosphorus and its relationship with vitamin D, provided a natural form of phytin containing P32 could be prepared. The studies of Newman and . . .
Facts in refutation of claims by opponents of fluoridation

The above listing is limited to those with record of official professional serv­ ice. Excluded are unofficial dental services performed for compatriots as reported in family correspondence, au­ thentic notes of services at Camp Look­ out, Md., and other Union prisons where dentists cared for their fellow prisoners “to keep their hands in” ; and such in­ stances as J. Martin Fleming’s vivid de­ scription of E. Vines Turner—a captain on the staff of General W. H. T. Walker —operating in the field “with a forked branch as a head-rest.”