cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reformulation of Density Functional Theory for N-Representable Densities and the Resolution of the v-Representability Problem

Abstract Density functional theory for the case of general, N -representable densities is reformulated in terms of density functional derivatives of expectation values of operators evaluated with wave functions leading to a density, making no reference to the concept of potential. The developments provide proof of existence of a mathematical procedure that determines whether a density is v -representable and in the case of an affirmative answer determines the potential (within an additive constant) as a derivative with respect to the density of a constrained search functional. It also establishes the existence of an energy functional of the density that, for v -representable densities, assumes its minimum value at the density describing the ground state of an interacting many-particle system. The theorems of Hohenberg and Kohn emerge as special cases of the formalism. Numerical results for one-dimensional non-interacting systems illustrate the formalism. Some direct formal and practical implications of the present reformulation of DFT are also discussed.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHAETOCEROS MUELLERI (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE): AUXOSPORE, RESTING SPORE AND VEGETATIVE CELL MORPHOLOGY1

The structure of the frustule of auxospores, resting spores and vegetative cells of Chaetoceros muelleri Lemm. are described with LM and SEM. Vegetative frustules are relatively small and lightly silicified, are not united into filaments, and appear unornamented under LM and SEM. The setae are circular to subcircular in transverse section with spines and puncta arranged in a spiral pattern. The resting spore and auxospore frustules are more silicified than the vegetative frustules and appear unornamented under LM and SEM. The auxospores of C. muelleri were previously unknown.
The structure of internal intermittency in turbulent flows at large Reynolds number: experiments on scale similarity

Some of the statistical characteristics of the breakdown coefficient, defined as the ratio of averages over different spatial regions of positive variables characterizing the fine structure and internal intermittency in high Reynolds number turbulence, have been investigated using experimental data for the streamwise velocity derivative ∂ u /∂ t measured in an atmospheric boundary layer. The assumptions and predictions of the hypothesis of scale similarity developed by Novikov and by Gurvich & Yaglom do not adequately describe or predict the statistical characteristics of the breakdown coefficient q r,l of the square of the streamwise velocity derivative. Systematic variations in the measured probability densities and consistent variations in the measured moments show that the assumption that the probability density of the breakdown coefficient is a function only of the scale ratio is not satisfied. The small positive correlation between adjoint values of q r,l and measurements of higher moments indicate that the assumption that the probability densities for adjoint values of q r,l are statistically independent is also not satisfied. The moments of q r,l do not have the simple power-law character that is a consequence of scale similarity. As the scale ratio l / r changes, the probability density of q r,l evolves from a sharply peaked, highly negatively skewed density for large values of the scale ratio to a very symmetrical distribution when the scale ratio is equal to two, and then to a highly positively skewed density as the scale ratio approaches one. There is a considerable effect of heterogeneity on the values of the higher moments, and a small but measurable effect on the mean value. The moments are roughly symmetrical functions of the displacement of the shorter segment from the centre of the larger one, with a minimum value when the shorter segment is centrally located within the larger one.
ARF Directly Binds DP1: Interaction with DP1 Coincides with the G1 Arrest Function of ARF

The tumor suppressor ARF inhibits cell growth in response to oncogenic stress in a p53-dependent manner. Also, there is an increasing appreciation of ARF's ability to inhibit cell growth via multiple p53-independent mechanisms, including its ability to regulate the E2F pathway. We have investigated the interaction between the tumor suppressor ARF and DP1, the DNA binding partner of the E2F family of factors (E2Fs). We show that ARF directly binds to DP1. Interestingly, binding of ARF to DP1 results in an inhibition of the interaction between DP1 and E2F1. Moreover, ARF regulates the association of DP1 with its target gene, as evidenced by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay with the dhfr promoter. By analyzing a series of ARF mutants, we demonstrate a strong correlation between ARF's ability to regulate DP1 and its ability to cause cell cycle arrest. S-phase inhibition by ARF is preceded by an inhibition of the E2F-activated genes. Moreover, we provide evidence that ARF inhibits the E2F-activated genes independently of p53 and Mdm2. Also, the interaction between ARF and DP1 is enhanced during oncogenic stress and "culture shock." Taken together, our results show that DP1 is a critical direct target of ARF.
Use of an instrumented treadmill for real-time gait symmetry evaluation and feedback in normal and trans-tibial amputee subjects

The purpose of this research was to evaluate a newly developed system for assessing and providing feedback of gait symmetry information in real time to subjects walking on a motorised treadmill (the CCF Treadmill). The advantages of the system are that it allows the rapid collection and comparison of temporal and kinetic parameters of gait for multiple successive strides, at a constant known speed, without forcing subjects to target their footsteps. Gait asymmetries of six normal (mean age 42.7 years) and six unilateral transtibial amputee subjects (mean age 41.7, and average 6.0 years using a prosthesis) were quantified. The amputee group was the reevaluated after receiving five minutes of training with each of three different types of real-time visual feedback (RTVF). Asymmetries in the measured parameters before feedback were 4.6 times greater in the amputee population than in the normal group, and were consistent with the finding of previous authors. Significant decreases in gait asymmetry were demonstrated for all forms of feedback after amputees received feedback training. Results, however, indicate that gait asymmetries for different variables are not necessarily related, and that more work needs to be done to identify those variables for which attaining a more symmetrical gait pattern is most beneficial. Further work also needs to be done to determine the long term effects of such RTVF training. The CCF Treadmill and RTVF were shown to
Toward the Predictable Integration of Real-Time COTS Based Systems

The integration phase of real-time COTS-based systems is often problematic because when multiple tasks run concurrently, the interference at the bus level between cache fetching activities and I/O peripheral transactions is significant and causes unpredictable behaviors: experimentally, tasks can have computation time variance up to 50%. In this work, we present a theoretical framework able to model the interaction between CPU and peripherals contending for shared main memory through the front side bus (FSB). We first show how to compute worst case execution times for a task given a trace of its cache activity and given an upper bound function that models peripheral activities; then, we introduce the novel idea of "hardware server" as a means of controlling the unpredictable behavior of COTS peripheral components.
Detecting Malingered Pain-Related Disability: Classification Accuracy of the Portland Digit Recognition Test

This study used criterion groups validation to determine the classification accuracy of the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT) at a range of cutting scores in chronic pain patients undergoing psychological evaluation (n = 318), college student simulators (n = 29), and patients with brain damage (n = 120). PDRT scores decreased and failure rates increased as a function of greater independent evidence of intentional underperformance. There were no differences between patients classified as malingering and college student simulators. The PDRT detected from 33% to nearly 60% of malingering chronic pain patients, depending on the cutoff used. False positive error rates ranged from 3% to 6%. Scores higher than the original cutoffs may be interpreted as indicating negative response bias in patients with pain, increasing the usefulness and facilitating the clinical application of the PDRT in the detection of malingering in pain.
Pregnancy-related discontinuation of antidepressants and depression care visits among Medicaid recipients.

Objective: This study examined whether pregnancy is associated with discontinuation of care for depression among low-income women. Methods: Medicaid claims data from all 50 states were used in a matched cohort study design. The study included 3,237 women who gave birth between 1999 and 2000 and received depression treatment (antidepressant medications or a depression care visit) before initiating prenatal care. A control cohort of nonpregnant women receiving gynecologic care in the same period was matched by demographic and depression treatment characteristics. Results: Prepregnancy, the antidepressant use rate was 66%. During pregnancy, antidepressant use dropped to 27% in the pregnant cohort compared with 62% in the control group (rate ratio [RR] =.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]=.41–.46) and remained low postpartum compared with the control group (35% versus 48%, RR=.74, CI=.70–.78). Similarly, depression care visits during the pregnancy period were reduced to 31% among the pregnant cohort compared with 49% for the control group (RR=.65, CI=.61–.69) and remained lower postpartum relative to the control group (24% versus 31%, RR=.78, CI=.73–.85). Interactions with pregnancy status were found for race-ethnicity and receipt of cash assistance from Medicaid. White women in the pregnancy cohort had a greater reduction in depression care visits than nonwhite women during the pregnancy period but less reduction in antidepressant use postpartum relative to the control group. Cash assistance was associated with less discontinuation in depression care visits postpartum compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusions: Pregnancy was associated with discontinuation of any depression care among women receiving Medicaid; care did not resume postpartum. Race-ethnicity and Medicaid cash benefit status moderated this finding. Efforts are needed to mitigate these reductions. (Psychiatric Services 61:386–391, 2010)
Dendritic cell vaccines targeting survivin in head and neck cancer

Evaluation of: Turksma AW, Bontkes HJ, Ruizendaal JJ et al. Exploring dendritic cell based vaccines targeting survivin for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. J. Transl. Med. 11, 152–165 (2013). Survivin has been identified to be an inhibitor of apoptosis and is highly expressed in many cancers. A number of strategies have targeted survivin as a novel cancer therapy approach. The evaluated paper makes a number of observations regarding the presence of survivin-specific T cells, as well as attempts for in vitro expansion. The research team has shown that survivin-specific T cells can be measured ex vivo in the peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by tetramer analysis and from the tumor-draining lymph node of a patient with locally advanced breast cancer by ELIspot analysis. Furthermore, dendritic cells electroporated with survivin and cytokine (i.e., IL-12 and IL-21) mRNA can be used to generate survivin-specific T cells in vitro. However, the enriched or clon...
Phase I study of weekly oxaliplatin plus irinotecan in previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Abstract Background In vitro synergy between Oxal (oxaliplatin) and CPT-11 (irinotecan) has been reported. Oxaliplatin exerts its antineoplastic activity through the formation of platinum–DNA adducts. Resistance to oxaliplatin is through repair of these adducts, which is inhibited by irinotecan. Patients and methods Oxaliplatin and irinotecan were administered weekly for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period. The dose of oxaliplatin was escalated first, starting at 30 mg/m2. Once a dose of 60 mg/m2 was attained, the weekly dose of irinotecan was escalated, from 40 mg/m2 to 85 mg/m2. A total of 49 previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were entered in order to establish the maximum tolerated dose. Pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin and irinotecan were analyzed. Results Forty-nine patients were evaluable for toxicity. The recommended phase II doses for this combination are oxaliplatin 60 mg/m2 and irinotecan 50 mg/m2, weekly × 4 q 6 weeks. Diarrhea was the most common dose-limiting toxicity. No pharmacological interactions were noted between oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Twelve of the 47 evaluable patients (26%) achieved a partial response. Conclusion Weekly combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan appears to be a well tolerated and active regimen in patients previously treated for metastatic colorectal cancer. Further investigations of this regimen are warranted.
Air sampling in the assessment of continuous exposures to acutely-toxic chemicals. Part I - Strategy

This paper describes the conceptual basis for assessing the hazard of continuous exposures to acutely toxic chemicals. It is stressed that the variability of workers' short-term exposures to airborne chemicals must be considered in establishing strategic criteria which define an acceptable (or unacceptable) environment. The argument is developed that the traditional strategy of an absolute ceiling limit is unworkable since any set of exposures can be declared out of compliance if a sufficiently large number of samples is collected. It is proposed that acute-exposure limits be defined instead as air concentrations that can be exceeded by an explicit fraction of the population of exposures. An “exceedance” rate of 5% is suggested provided that exposure limits incorporate appropriate safety factors which are relatively large for potent acute toxins and small for irritants. The implications of this strategy are analyzed with some existing ceiling limits proposed by NIOSH.
OTC Antioxidant Products for the Treatment of Cardiovascular and other Disorders: Popular Myth or Fact?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of mortality worldwide as reported by World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and American Heart Association (AHA). The role of micronutrients has been studied extensively as CVD risk minimizing intervention. Among these, dietary supplements antioxidants available over the counter are highly commercialized but scientific evidences and clinical trials supporting their use is not conclusive yet [1]. The beneficial effects of these antioxidants are focused mainly against pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, as the primary contributor to coronary artery disease and resulting cardiovascular complications. Atherosclerosis is chronic inflammatory process of deposition of fatty cholesterol filled plaque in arterial wall which narrows the diameter and obstructs blood flow down the length of coronary artery and throughout its branches. Hyperlipidemia (high HDL: LDL ratio), high blood pressure, toxins from tobacco are assumed to be the major risk factor of atherosclerosis. If plasma LDL exceeds the regulatory capacity of endothelial cells, LDL crosses the endothelial barrier and trapped in sub-endothelial space where they are susceptible for oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) - superoxide anion (·O2−), hydroxyl radical (OH·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO·) released by endothelial cells and macrophages [2]. These modified LDL stimulates endothelial cells to express various cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-I, P-selectin etc.) and chemotactic factors (monocyte chemotactic factor-1, MCP-1) for the recruitment of monocytes. Monocyte attachment is initiated by P-selectin on endothelial cell upon binding with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) on the monocytes leading to rolling and prolonging the contact of monocyte on the arterial wall and initiate diapedesis across endothelial layers. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages under the influence of monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Oxidized LDL is then engulfed in an unregulated fashion by macrophage scavenger receptor resulting in intracellular accumulation of cholesterol and forms foam cell formation [3,4]. Macrophages are also involved in activation of T cells to amplify the inflammatory response by secreting TNF-α and INF-γ. Finally, smooth muscle cells proliferate and migrate from tunica media and shield the fatty plaque and synthesize collagen to form a fibrous cap [5–7].
Slow light and low loss propagation in SOI photonic crystal waveguides

Slow light in photonic crystal waveguides offers field and phase enhancement for photonic functionality. We demonstrate broadband operation (2.5 THz) of slow light devices and low loss (4 dB/cm) propagation of e-beam and DUV fabricated structures and discuss their dependence on disorder.
Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia associated with myelofibrosis case report and immunologic marker studies

A case of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (AFH) (hyaline vascular type) of the mediastinum associated with myelofibrosis is reported with immune marker studies. We hypothesize that the myelofibrosis is more than a mere coincidence since other myeloproliferative disorders have been observed in conjunction with AFH. Immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections of lymph node using the biotin-avidin fluorescence technique showed the presence of numerous T helper cells and very few T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in the parafollicular areas. Concentric rings of lymphocytes showed the phenotype of mantle zone lymphocytes (i.e. IgM, IgD positivity), while the germinal centres were ill-formed as shown by Leu 14 (a Pan B cell marker) staining. By electron microscopy, follicular dendritic reticulum cells were readily found. The above findings suggest an abnormality of germinal center formation.
Leadership/challenge short course: using research to improve instruction in engineering design

The Design (EPICS) sequence composes the first two engineering design courses in the design stem at the Colorado School of Mines. To improve the quality of the design experience funding was obtained from the NSF to examine team decision-making processes in the sequence. One research goal was to examine how men and women interacted during the design process and to use this information for improving future classroom instruction. This paper describes how the research results have been put into action in the classroom. Specifically, one result of this research project is the development of a team building routine, the Team Challenge Short Course. This sequence of exercises responds to the research suggesting that female students in Design (EPICS) I feel less confident about their contribution and leadership roles after completing the course. This was not found to be true for their male counterparts. This presentation addresses both the research supporting and the design of the proposed sequence of exercises.
Serodiagnosis of mice minute virus and mouse parvovirus infections in mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with baculovirus-expressed recombinant VP2 proteins

Mice minute virus (MMV) and mouse parvovirus (MPV) type 1 are the two parvoviruses known to naturally infect laboratory mice and are among the most prevalent infectious agents found in contemporary laboratory mouse colonies. Serologic assays are commonly used to diagnose MMV and MPV infections in laboratory mice; however, highly accurate, high-throughput serologic assays for the detection of MMV- and MPV-infected mice are needed. To this end, the major capsid viral protein (VP2) genes of MMV and MPV were cloned and MMV recombinant VP2 (rVP2) and MPV rVP2 proteins were expressed by using a baculovirus system. MMV rVP2 and MPV rVP2 spontaneously formed virus-like particles that were morphologically similar to empty parvovirus capsids. These proteins were used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect anti-MMV or anti-MPV antibodies in the sera of infected mice. Sera from mice experimentally infected with MMV (n = 43) or MPV (n = 35) and sera from uninfected mice (n = 30) were used to evaluate the ELISAs. The MMV ELISA was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting MMV-infected mice, and the MPV ELISA was 100% sensitive and 98.6% specific in detecting MPV-infected mice. Both assays outperformed a parvovirus ELISA that uses a recombinant nonstructural protein (NS1) of MMV as antigen. The MMV rVP2 and MPV rVP2 proteins provide a ready source of easily produced antigen, and the ELISAs developed provide highly accurate, high-throughput assays for the serodiagnosis of MMV and MPV infections in laboratory mice.
Three-dimensional transient electrothermal simulation of electrostatic discharge protection circuits

Abstract Transient electrothermal simulation of ESD protection circuits using the 3-D finite element device simulator will be shown to explain the electrothermal physics in ESD protection circuits in 0.5 and 0.25 μm channel length CMOS technologies. Simulation, ESD and failure analysis will be compared for evaluation of correlation.
Histological evidence for diverse mechanisms of resistance to flax rust, Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lev☆

Abstract Quantitative histological studies of the number of haustoria, percentage of necrotic haustoria, number of necrotic host cells and area of necrotic tissue per infection site at regular intervals following inoculation indicate that different mechanisms of resistance to flax rust ( Melampsora lini ) are operative in certain monogenic lines of flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) which contain different genes for resistance. The L and N genes condition the most rapid, localized response to infection. The M and P genes condition a hypersensitive response which is initiated later and over a larger area of host cells than that conditioned by the L and N genes. The size of lesions associated with the M and P genes suggests more extensive diffusion of a toxic substance than in the resistance conditioned by the L and N genes. The K gene provides a moderate degree of resistance accompanied by extensive necrosis of infected leaves, but with less severe effects on host and pathogen cells at the histological level than that conditioned by the L, M, N or P genes.
Modeling manufacturing systems: an information-based approach

The authors describe an integrated simulation modeling environment (ISME) which utilizes an information-based approach for the description of manufacturing systems. Manufacturing systems are described as a higher level aggregation of the objects in the system. Such a description is stored in a relational database. Models are later synthesized from the description of the system. Experimental conditions are input to guide the analysis. >
New imaginations of difference: on teaching, writing, and culturing

In this essay, we address emerging tensions that are increasingly facing persons, such as ourselves, who choose to reside in borderlands both inside and outside pedagogical settings. Such tensions include matters of location and dislocation, rootedness and uprootedness, diversity and commonality, space and place, time and distance, and so on. The first author enacts her own negotiations of these tensions and offers possible pathways of envisioning human diversity in more heuristic ways. In dialogue, personal narrative, personal history, and classroom re-enactments, we offer a different framework for envisioning difference. Ultimately, our goal is to show one way that we can create the possibility of new imaginations of difference, commonality, diversity, and culture in the college classroom.
Epstein-Barr Virus Immediate-Early Protein BZLF1 Is SUMO-1 Modified and Disrupts Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies

Although the immediate-early proteins of both herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are known to modify promyelocytic leukemia (PML) (ND10) bodies in the nucleus of the host cell, it has been unclear whether lytic infection with gamma herpesviruses induces a similar effect. The PML protein is induced by interferon, involved in major histocompatibility complex class I presentation, and necessary for certain types of apoptosis. Therefore, it is likely that PML bodies function in an antiviral capacity. SUMO-1 modification of PML is known to be required for the formation of PML bodies. To examine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic replication interferes with PML bodies, we expressed the EBV immediate-early genes BZLF1 (Z) and BRLF1 (R) in EBV-positive cell lines and examined PML localization. Both Z and R expression resulted in PML dispersion in EBV-positive cells. Z but not R expression is sufficient to disrupt PML bodies in EBV-negative cell lines. We show that dispersion of PML bodies by Z requires a portion of the transcriptional activation domain of Z but not the DNA-binding function. As was previously reported for the HSV-1 ICP0 and CMV IE1 proteins, Z reduces the amount of SUMO-1-modified PML. We also found that Z itself is SUMO-1 modified (through amino acid 12) and that Z competes with PML for limiting amounts of SUMO-1. These results suggest that disruption of PML bodies is important for efficient lytic replication of EBV. Furthermore, Z may potentially alter the function of a variety of cellular proteins by inhibiting SUMO-1 modification.
Thrombotic occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) in acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

Although common carotid artery (CCA) occlusions are rare, acute clinical presentations vary from mild to devastating strokes primarily due to tandem occlusions in the intracranial arteries. Three patients with acute CCA occlusions were treated with systemic tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). Blood pressures were kept at the upper limits allowed with TPA therapy with fluid balance and the 'head-down' position. Recanalization occurred in intracranial vessels only. Marked early neurological improvement occurred in two of three patients. CCA occlusions should not be considered contra-indication to systemic thrombolysis.
Isolation of an Unidentified, Nonfermentative, Gram-Negative Bacterium from Turkeys and Chickens: 38 Cases (1995–2001)

Thirty-eight cases were identified in which a nonfermentative, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from the respiratory system of turkeys and chickens. Cases were submitted from various parts of the country. Preliminary assessment of phenotypic characteristics indicated this bacterium was different from common pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria isolated from the avian respiratory tract. Most cases reported a history of respiratory distress and/or increased flock mortality. Lesions seen in infected birds included tracheitis and pneumonia, which correlate with the sites of isolation. Sixty-one percent of the isolations were made from the trachea and 25% from the lung. Age of infected birds ranged from 35 to 315 days in turkeys and 53 days to 3 yr in chickens. In most instances (90%), other bacteria were also isolated from affected sites. The significance of this organism in respiratory disease in birds is unknown.
Comparing CNR, SNR, and Image Quality of CT Images Reconstructed with Soft Kernel, Standard Kernel, and Standard Kernel plus ASIR 30% Techniques

AIM: Compare effect of soft kernel (SK) and 30% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and standard kernel (StK) techniques on image quality. Materials and Methods: Three radiologists blinded to the type of reconstruction kernel used, independently reviewed 2.5mm-thick- axial abdominal CT-scans performed for 66-randomly selected patients, optimized for oncologic imaging. The filtered-back-projection images were reconstructed using: SK, ASIR 30% and StK. The Contrast to noise ratio (CNRs) and Signal to noise ration (SNRs) were calculated. The visibility and sharpness of abdominal structures were rated (qualitatively) . Summary of pair-wise comparisons among series for CNRs and SNRs were performed. Estimates and standard-error were based on a linear mixed model. P values were adjusted using the Tukey-Kramer method to control overall type I error rate. Results: Image series reconstructed with SK or ASIR had higher CNRs than those with StK alone ( P < .009 and .002, respectively). Qualitatively images reconstructed with ASIR or SK were better than with the StK ( P < .05). SK produced significantly fewer artifacts than ASIR 30%. There was no difference in the SNR among series. Conclusion: Images reconstructed with SK or ASIR had better image quality than StK. Scanners that cannot use ASIR may benefit from using the SK technique to improve image quality. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
Precision calibration of the NuTeV calorimeter

Abstract NuTeV is a neutrino–nucleon deep-inelastic scattering experiment at Fermilab. The detector consists of an iron-scintillator sampling calorimeter interspersed with drift chambers, followed by a muon toroidal spectrometer. We present determinations of response and resolution functions of the NuTeV calorimeter for electrons, hadrons, and muons over an energy range from 4.8 to 190 GeV. The absolute hadronic energy scale is determined to an accuracy of 0.43%. We compare our measurements to predictions from calorimeter theory and GEANT3 simulations.
Effect of vasopressin on production of cerebrospinal fluid: possible role of vasopressin (V1)-receptors.

The goal of this study was to examine the role of arginine vasopressin in humoral regulation of choroid plexus function. Production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured in anesthetized rabbits with an indicator dilution method, by using ventriculocisternal perfusion of artificial CSF containing blue dextran. Rabbits received either vehicle, vasopressin or vasopressin in the presence of the V1-antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin ([d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)]-AVP). Under control conditions, blood flow to the choroid plexus (measured with microspheres) averaged 369 +/- 26 (mean +/- SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1 and CSF production averaged 9.9 +/- 0.9 microliters/min. Intravenous infusion of vasopressin (2 mU.kg-1.min-1 for 90 min) decreased blood flow to the choroid plexus by 50-60% for the entire period of infusion. Vasopressin decreased production of CSF by 35 +/- 8%. Blood flow to the choroid plexus and production of CSF did not change significantly from control values in animals that received vehicle. In the presence of the V1-antagonist (10 micrograms/kg), infusion of vasopressin had no effect on blood flow to the choroid plexus or production of CSF. Thus circulating vasopressin, at plasma levels that are observed under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, has important effects on formation of CSF, as well as on blood flow to the choroid plexus. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that effects of vasopressin on both variables are mediated through vasopressin (V1)-receptors.
La historia encarnada, Llanto de Carmen Boullosa

En su novela Llanto, novelas imposibles (1992), Carmen Boullosa explora el uso del cuerpo como una herramienta epistemologica para indagar en las tensiones entre el discurso tradicional de la historia mexicana y la logica literaria de la novela moderna. Desde su momento posmoderno, la autora reconoce que la historiografia tradicional ya no es fiable y quiere encontrar el significado perdido mediante la dramatizacion literaria del cuerpo historico y su entorno fisico. Al fracasar como novela historica moderna, su proyecto cumple con un rito intimo y personal en el que la ausencia del pasado indigena colectivo se asimila por un proceso de duelo individual que esta firmemente localizado en el cuerpo y representado por el llanto. In her novel Llanto , novelas imposibles (1992), Carmen Boullosa explores the body as an epistemological means to examine the tensions between the traditional discourse of Mexican history and the literary logic of the modern novel. From her postmodern stance, she recognizes that traditional historiography is no longer reliable and wants to recover meaning through a literary dramatization of the historical body and its physical environment. Her project fails as a modern historical novel, but undergoes an intimate and personal rite in which the absence of the collective indigenous past is assimilated through an individual grieving process firmly located in the body and represented by tears.
Pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: the concept of clonality in stem cell disease

Molecular technologies have been applied not only to the investigations of haematological malignancies but also bone marrow failure syndromes, including aplastic anaemia (AA), paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) and single lineage cytopenias, often associated with T cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia (T-LGL). One of the main diagnostic problems is the distinction of hypoplastic clonal processes consistent with the diagnosis of myelodysplasdtic syndrome (MDS) from true idiopathic AA. Due to the paucity of the marrow, pathomorpho-logical diagnosis may be difficult and metaphase cytogenetics may not yield informative results, precluding proper diagnostic case assignment. Single nucleotide polymorphisms arrays (SNP-A) do not require cell division and may help to detect clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Systematic application of this technology has shown that chromosomal defects consistent with the diagnosis of MDS can be detected in a proportion of otherwise typical AA patients, initially or throughout the clinical course. At presentation, clonal abnormalities, in particular non-recurrent/random defects may be transient and reflect oligoclonality of the stem cell compartment rather than true malignant clonal process. Using SNP-A, submicroscopic chromosomal microdeletions can be detected; we have found recurrent microdeletions involving HLA and PIG-A loci on chromosomes 6 and X, respectively. These lesions likely evolve as a result of immune selection pressure and facilitate escape of the immune-resistant haematopoietic clones. Manifest evolution of MDS in the course of AA can be expected in up to 20% of patients with AA. The most common abnormality is monosomy-7, present in most cases of MDS derived from antedescent AA. In this context, monosomy-7 is associated with a distinct mutational pattern that includes presence of CBL mutations and RUNX1, while common mutations such as TET2, U2AF1, SRSF2 and ASXL1 are frequent in primary MDS with monosomy-7 or deletion7q. In contrast, childhood cases of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with monosomy-7 have a similar mutational pattern as seen in AA. Whole genome sequencing technologies including exome sequencing have led to identification of new mutations, not only in MDS but also in T-LGL which is characterised by frequent somatic activating mutation in STAT3. By ultra-deep sequencing of T cell receptor (TCR) VB chains, one can also characterise TCR repertoire and identify oligoclonal T cell mediated processes. The presence of STAT3 mutations distinguish clonal processes from semi-reactive oligoclonal T cell expansions.
THE GENETICS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY. VIII. THE COST OF PLASTICITY IN DAPHNIA PULEX

In a heterogeneous world, the optimal strategy for an individual is to continually change its phenotype to match the optimal type. However, in the real world, organisms do not behave in this fashion. One potential reason why is that phenotypic plasticity is costly. We measured production and maintenance costs of plasticity in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex (Cladocera: Crustacea) in response to the presence of chemical signals from a predator, the insect Chaoborus americanus. We looked at three changes in juvenile body size and shape: body length, body depth, and tailspine length. Fitness costs were measured as changes in adult growth and fecundity, and summarized as the intrinsic rate of increase (r) for individuals reared in the presence or absence of Chaoborus extract. The cost of plasticity was measured as a multiple regression of mean clone fitness against trait and trait plasticity. We found scant evidence for either production or maintenance costs of plasticity. We also failed to find direct costs of these juvenile structures, which is surprising, as others have found such costs. We attribute the lack of measurable direct or plasticity costs to a decrease in metabolic rates in the presence of the Chaoborus extract. This decrease in metabolic rate may have compensated for any cost increases. We call for more extensive measures of the costs of plasticity, especially under natural conditions, and the incorporation of costs into evolutionary models.
Foreword to Special Issue on Education and Outreach

“[A]s I started to understand the seismologist's words, it became attractive.... I will never forget that day.”— Letisia, age 12 There are many reasons to undertake education and outreach in seismology, but the above quote (see Burrato et al. ) illustrates one of the better ones. As it implies, seismology isn't just for graduate school anymore. Hundreds of high schools record seismic data on state-of-the-art seismometers, museum displays of seismic data attract millions of visitors, and Web-based earthquake maps pop up on thousands of browsers every day. These education and outreach activities result in tangible benefits, both to the general public and to the scientific community. For the public, the general level of scientific literacy and knowledge about earthquake hazards is elevated. For the scientific community, these activities increase the visibility of geophysical research among the public and provide a focal point for involvement by the next generation of students. These efforts may also help reduce earthquake risk overall. This issue highlights these recent education and outreach efforts in the U.S. and across the globe. A major theme is the development of “schoolyard” seismology efforts, but also discussed are descriptions of museum displays, new technical developments, innovative college classes, and two major seismology-oriented public outreach programs. We hope that this issue will provide a resource and inspiration for future action from a larger number of scientists. As the Earth scientists of today, it is our responsibility to share our passion with the potential Earth scientists of tomorrow, and to ignite a similar …
Comparative Resuscitative Methods for Venlafaxine Toxicity in a Swine Model.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Venlafaxine overdose can lead to cardiovascular collapse that is difficult to resuscitate with traditional Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support protocols. Evidence has suggested that lipid emulsion infusion therapy has been successful in the treatment of antidepressant overdose. No studies have determined the optimal combination of lipid/advanced cardiovascular life support therapy for treatment. Methods: This study was a prospective, experimental, between subjects design with a swine model investigating the effectiveness of drug combinations administered with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) postvenlafexine overdose. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of eight groups containing seven subjects. The groups tested were CPR only and CPR with epinephrine alone; vasopressin alone; lipid alone; epinephrine and vasopressin; epinephrine and lipid; vasopressin and lipid; and epinephrine, vasopressin, and lipid. The outcomes of interest were survival odds and time to return of spontaneous ...
Detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in rodents from Anji

Objective:To investigate the natural infection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from Zhejiang province.Methods: A Nest-PCR based on 5S-23srRNA intergenic spacer was developed and applied to detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents.The positive PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.Results: Out of 109 rodents captured in Anji City in Zhejiang,6 rodents were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.The positive rates in rice field rat,Berlmys bowers and Apdemus agraius were 5% and 13%.Conclusion :It suggested that there was Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato existed in Zhejiang Province.Rice field mouse,Apodemus and shrew are possible hosts of Borrelia But further investigation is still needed.
Cultural diversity in central America and Panama: its relationship to conservation and planning

The most frequently overlooked aspect of conservation of natural resources and economic development is human cultural diversity. However, conservation and development of natural resources are basically human-oriented endeavors and all conservation and developmental efforts ought to start with a clear understanding of the varied needs of the people. In addition, cultural diversity is a natural resource that ought to be protected along with all the more commonly recognized resources of the ecosystems of which humans form an integral part. Cultural diversity in a large measure is an ecological phenomenon because such diversity includes variations in the ways different peoples perceive and utilize the environments in which they live. Thus, cultural diversity, in large measure, equates with ecological diversity. It has been well established that a high degree of ecological diversity (including taxonomic, niche, biogeochemical and other measures of diversity) is a necessary attribute of humid tropical ecosystems if such ecosystems are to remain viable over long periods of time. The current land-use trends in Central America and Panama are leading toward ever larger areas being devoted to monocultural use with sharply reduced ecological diversity that poses great dangers for the near and long terms. In addition, the resultant removal of people from rural areas results in growing social, economic and political problems, that are not being successfully met by developing nations. Not only is there a growing wastage of human resources, a weakening of the social structures, and an increasing and dangerous dependence upon monocultures oriented toward export markets, but the ecological diversity of the previous existing land-use systems are being lost. This kind of diversity is probably no less valuable to the ecological health of a nation's agriculture, forestry , and general resource utilization than is the genetic diversity of "primitive" crop plant varieties which biologists now recognize and increasingly seek to preserve as "modern" crop plant varieties become ever more simple genetically and hence ever more vulnerable to disease and other perturbations.Developing nations often still possess a critically important ecological advantage that most industrialized nations forfeited unwittingly ... that advantage being the continued presence of human cultural, i.e., ecological, diversity. This diversity, so often ignored by the conservationists and planners and developers, is one of the most valuable attributes of a developing nation's ecological patrimony.
Hospital Mortality in the United States following Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common reason for hospital admission and complication of many inpatient procedures. The temporal incidence of AKI and the association of AKI admissions with in-hospital mortality are a growing problem in the world today. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of AKI and its association with in-hospital mortality in the United States. AKI has been growing at a rate of 14% per year since 2001. However, the in-hospital mortality associated with AKI has been on the decline starting with 21.9% in 2001 to 9.1 in 2011, even though the number of AKI-related in-hospital deaths increased almost twofold from 147,943 to 285,768 deaths. We discuss the importance of the 71% reduction in AKI-related mortality among hospitalized patients in the United States and draw on the discussion of whether or not this is a phenomenon of hospital billing (coding) or improvements to the management of AKI.
Pernicious vomiting in two pregnant women

(1997). Pernicious Vomiting in Two Pregnant Women. Hospital Practice: Vol. 32, No. 10, pp. 197-202.
A Data-Driven Method for Improving the Correlation Estimation in Serial Ensemble Kalman Filters

AbstractA data-driven method for improving the correlation estimation in serial ensemble Kalman filters is introduced. The method finds a linear map that transforms, at each assimilation cycle, the poorly estimated sample correlation into an improved correlation. This map is obtained from an offline training procedure without any tuning as the solution of a linear regression problem that uses appropriate sample correlation statistics obtained from historical data assimilation outputs. In an idealized OSSE with the Lorenz-96 model and for a range of linear and nonlinear observation models, the proposed scheme improves the filter estimates, especially when the ensemble size is small relative to the dimension of the state space.
Why Is Planktonic Nitrogen Fixation So Rare in Coastal Marine Ecosystems? Insights from a Cross-Systems Approach

The process of di-nitrogen (N2) fixation is widespread in nature, including in many aquatic ecosystems. In lakes, N2 fixation by planktonic cyanobacteria often contributes sufficient new nitrogen to maintain phosphorus limitation of primary production. However, it is intriguing that many estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems at salinities greater than 10 ppt are moderately to strongly N-limited despite high nutrient loading, and planktonic N2 fixation is rarely if ever an important process. Here, we review our collaborative research on mechanisms of control of planktonic N2 fixation in lakes and estuaries, using cross-systems and cross-scale comparative approaches. We conclude that a slower gross growth rate of planktonic cyanobacteria in seawater, coupled with a disproportionate sensitivity of heterocystous species to grazing by zooplankton, can severely constrain bloom development and so N2 fixation in estuaries under N-depleted conditions. A slower growth rate in saline vs. freshwaters is in part a consequence of an inhibition of molybdenum uptake by sulfate; the latter is present in much higher concentrations in seawater. Molybdenum is required for N2 fixation using the conventional form of the nitrogenase enzyme. In the chain-forming cyanobacteria that commonly form large blooms under N-depleted conditions in lakes, N2 fixation occurs in heterocysts, which do not produce oxygen from photosynthesis. As such, energy for the N2 fixation process must be supplied by the photosynthetic, vegetative cells. Clipping of filaments by grazing reduces the number of heterocysts that can be supported, and so further limits N2 fixation and population growth when exogenous N is in low supply.