cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of acute noise exposure on DNA damage response genes in the cochlea, cortex, heart and liver.

Abstract Noise as a systemic stressor induces various organ dysfunctions and the underlying molecular pathology is unknown. Previous studies have shown that noise exposure results in the accumulation of DNA damage in auditory and non-auditory organs. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a global protective mechanism that plays a critical role in maintaining DNA integrity. However, the role of DDR genes in noise induced systemic (non-auditory) pathology has not been investigated. The current pilot study was designed to test the hypothesis that an acute noise exposure would alter the normal expression of DDR genes (e.g., ATM, p53 & XPC) in auditory (cochlea) and non-auditory organs, such as the cortex, heart and liver. Mice were used as subjects in this study and consisted of a baseline group, a one-hour noise exposure (@105 dB) group, and a four-hour noise exposure (@105 dB) group. ATM, p53 and XPC expression levels were quantified through end-point polymerize chain reactions. The current study demonstrated that noise exposure failed to elicit statistically significant changes in DDR genes (relative to baseline) across the various organs. The failure of the cochlea, heart, cortex and liver to upregulate protective DDR genes during acute noise exposure might help to explain their susceptibility to noise-induced DNA damage. This suggests that, biomedical interventions to upregulate DDR genes may need to be implemented before noise exposure or during the early stages of noise exposure.
Meta-analysis of pulmonary vein isolation ablation for atrial fibrillation conventional vs low- and zero-fluoroscopy approaches.

INTRODUCTION Radiation exposure during catheter ablation procedures is a significant hazard for both patients and operators. Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures have been historically associated with higher fluoroscopy usage than other electrophysiology procedures. Recent efforts have been made to reduce dependence on fluoroscopy during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation procedures using alternative techniques. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of studies comparing zero or low fluoroscopy (LF) vs conventional fluoroscopy (CF) approaches for AF ablation. Outcomes of interest included acute and 12-month procedural efficacy, safety, procedure duration, fluoroscopy time, and dose area product. Aggregated data were analyzed with random-effects models, using a Bayesian hierarchical approach. RESULTS A total of 2228 participants (LF, n = 1190 vs CF, n = 1038) from 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Risk of AF recurrence in 12 months (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.343 [0.771-2.340]; P = .297), redo-ablation procedures (OR [95% CI] = 0.521 [0.198-1.323]; P = .186), and procedural complications (OR [95% CI] = 0.99 [0.485-2.204]; P = .979) were similar between LF- and CF-ablation groups. In comparison to CF ablation, LF ablation led to shorter procedure duration (weighted mean differences [WMDs] [95% CI] = -14.6 minutes [-22.5 to -6.8]; P < .001), fluoroscopy time (WMD [95% CI] = -8.8 minutes [-11.9 to -5.9]; P < .001), and dose area product (WMD [95% CI] = -1946 mGy/cm2 [-2685 to 1207]; P < .001). CONCLUSION LF approaches have similar clinical efficacy and safety as CF approaches for PVI. LF approaches are associated with shorter procedure time, fluoroscopy usage, and dose area product during PVI.
Characterization of inpatient rehabilitation outcomes among HIV/AIDS patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Survival time in HIV/AIDS patients has increased as a result of improved treatments, but many acquire functional impairments that may necessitate multidisciplinary medical rehabilitation. In the Un...
Enhancing durability of 3D printed polymer structures by metallization

Abstract Additive manufacturing or three dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technique for producing complex geometries and high precision structures from various types of materials. The technique was particularly developed for polymer materials such as acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and found its way to different industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, medicine and construction. However, during service in outdoor environments, 3D printed polymer structures are exposed to different environmental conditions such as UV radiation and moisture, causing a significant degradation in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the structures. This study offers a novel method to improve durability of 3D printed polymer structures against accelerated environmental conditions by deposition of a metallic thin film (i.e. copper) on the structural surface. ABS specimens are 3D printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique and metalized via DC magnetron sputtering. The characterization of durability of 3D printed ABS specimens in outdoor environments is carried out by monitoring flexural properties and microstructure of samples over the course of exposure in a controlled environmental chamber.
Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Published in High-Impact Otolaryngology Journals:

ObjectiveTo assess the methodological quality of intervention-focused systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) published in high-impact otolaryngology journals.Data SourcesOvid Medline, Emb...
An Integer Linear Programming Solution for the Most Parsimonious Reconciliation Problem under the Duplication-Loss-Coalescence Model

Given a gene tree, a species tree, and an association between their leaves, the maximum parsimony reconciliation (MPR) problem seeks to find a mapping of the gene tree to the species tree that explains their incongruity using a biological model of evolutionary events. Unfortunately, when simultaneously accounting for gene duplication, gene loss, and coalescence, the MPR problem is NP-hard. While an exact algorithm exists, it can be problematic to use in practice due to time and memory requirements. In this work, we present an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for solving the MPR problem when considering duplications, losses, and coalescence. Our experimental results on a simulated data set of 12 Drosophila species shows that our new algorithm is both accurate and scalable. Furthermore, in contrast to the existing exact algorithm, our formulation allows users to limit the maximum runtime and thus trade-off accuracy and scalability, making it an attractive choice for phylogenetic pipelines.
Theoretical considerations for the analysis of population coding in motor cortex

Recent evidence of population coding in motor cortex has led some researchers to claim that certain variables such as hand direction or force may be coded within a Cartesian coordinate system with respect to extra personal space. These claims are based on the ability to predict the rectangular coordinates of hand movement direction using a "population vector" computed from multiple cells' firing rates. I show here that such a population vector can always be found given a very general set of assumptions. Therefore the existence of a population vector constitutes only weak support for the explicit use of a particular coordinate representation by motor cortex.
Experiencing Grace: A Review of the Empirical Literature

Positive psychologists have used science to understand many virtues but have only just started to study grace, recently defined as ‘ … the gift of acceptance given unconditionally and voluntarily t...
Medicaid Waivers and Access to Behavioral Health Services: What Is Known and What Can Be Expected.

In the past 5 years, Medicaid programs have implemented administrative barriers to enrollment. The impact of these provisions on access to mental health and substance use disorder treatment has bee...
Comparison of levonorgestrel level and creamatocrit in milk following immediate versus delayed postpartum placement of the levonorgestrel IUD

Breastfeeding and postpartum contraception critically influence infant and maternal health outcomes. In this pilot study, we explore the effects of timing and duration of postpartum levonorgestrel exposure on milk lipid and levonorgestrel content to establish baseline data for future research. This sub-study recruited a balanced convenience sample from 259 participants enrolled in a parent randomized controlled trial comparing immediate to delayed (4–8 weeks) postpartum levonorgestrel IUD placement. All planned to breastfeed, self-selected for sub-study participation, and provided the first sample at 4–8 weeks postpartum (before IUD placement for the delayed group) and the second four weeks later. We used the Wilcoxon rank sum (inter-group) and signed rank (intra-group) tests to compare milk lipid content (creamatocrit) and levonorgestrel levels between groups and time points. We recruited 15 participants from the immediate group and 17 from the delayed group with 10 and 12, respectively, providing both early and late samples. Initially, median levonorgestrel concentration of the immediate group (n = 10) (32.5 pg/mL, IQR: 24.8, 59.4) exceeded that of the delayed group (n = 12) (17.5 pg/mL, IQR: 0.0, 25.8) (p = 0.01). Four weeks later, the values aligned: 26.2 pg/mL (IQR: 20.3, 37.3) vs. 28.0 pg/mL (IQR: 25.2, 40.8). Creamatocrits were similar between both groups and timepoints. Immediate postpartum levonorgestrel IUD placement results in steady, low levels of levonorgestrel in milk without apparent effects on lipid content. These findings provide initial support for the safety of immediate postpartum levonorgestrel IUD initiation, though the study was not powered to detect noninferiority between groups. Trial Registration: This randomized controlled trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Registry No. NCT01990703) on November 21, 2013.
Bi-directional ribosome scanning controls the stringency of start codon selection.

The fidelity of start codon recognition by ribosomes is paramount during protein synthesis. The current knowledge of eukaryotic translation initiation implies unidirectional 5ʹ→3ʹ migration of the pre-initiation complex (PIC) along the 5ʹ UTR. In probing translation initiation from ultra-short 5ʹ UTR, we report that an AUG triplet near the 5ʹ end can be selected via PIC backsliding. Bi-directional ribosome scanning is supported by competitive selection of closely spaced AUG codons and recognition of two initiation sites flanking an internal ribosome entry site. Transcriptome-wide PIC profiling reveals footprints with an oscillation pattern near the 5ʹ end and start codons. Depleting the RNA helicase eIF4A leads to reduced PIC oscillations and impaired selection of 5ʹ end start codons. Enhancing the ATPase activity of eIF4A promotes nonlinear PIC scanning and stimulates upstream translation initiation. The helicase-mediated PIC conformational switch may provide an operational mechanism that unifies ribosome recruitment, scanning, and start codon selection. Start codon selection is commonly thought to occur through the unidirectional scanning of the mRNA by the 40 S ribosome. Here the authors provide evidence that the pre-initiation complex can backslide on the mRNA to initiate translation at upstream AUG codons.
Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) prognosis

Abstract Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in at least 40-50% of adults with CF. With other forms of diabetes, microvascular and macrovascular disease are the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Macrovascular disease is rare in CF. While microvascular disease does occur in this population, there are CF-specific diabetes complications that have a more important impact on prognosis. The additional diagnosis of diabetes in CF is associated with decreased lung function, poor nutritional status, and an overall increase in mortality from lung disease. These negative findings start even before the clinical diagnosis of CFRD, during the period when patients experience abnormal glucose tolerance related to insulin insufficiency. The main mechanisms by which CFRD negatively affects prognosis are thought to be a combination of 1) protein catabolism, decreased lean body mass and undernutrition resulting from insulin insufficiency, and 2) an increased pro-inflammatory and pro-infectious state related to intermittent hyperglycemia. With the introduction of CFTR modulators, the care of CF patients has been revolutionized and many aspects of CF health such as BMI and lung function are improving. The impact of these drugs on the adverse prognosis related to the diagnosis of diabetes in CF, as well as the potential to delay or prevent onset of CFRD remain to be determined.
Chapter III Chemical Analysis of Microbial Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chemical analysis of microbial cells. The preparation of material for analysis is discussed, because changes in the chemical composition of cells may occur as a result of the washing and storage conditions used. Wet- and dry-weight determinations of bacterial samples and assay of total cell numbers are described, because analytical results must refer to one or other of these values. Selection of an analytical procedure is a subjective process, because the number of suitable methods is large and each will have different merits and defects. Primary considerations are sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and absolute accuracy. Automatic methods for performing biochemical analyses, already widely accepted in hospitals and in industry, are beginning to make their way into the research laboratory. All automatic analyzers developed so far may be classified as either “continuous-flow” or “discrete” types. All of them use colorimetric methods exclusively and contain some form of automatic colorimeter for final read-out. The first and best-known is the Technicon “AutoAnalyzer,” which is of the continuous-flow type.
Beautiful Reef Builders

Corals of the World . J. E. N. Veron. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland. 2000. 3 vols. 1410 pp. $175, $A265. ISBN 0-642-32236-8. This three-volume set covers all (nearly 800) extant species of reef corals. The brief descriptions and exquisite color photographs are intended to facilitate the field identification of living corals.
The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative: Narrative and truth

Fiction and nonfiction As I noted in Chapter Three, when it was revealed that Barbellion (Bruce Cummings) had not died when the narrative of his life said he had, the whole public reception of his narrative changed, even though every word of it remained the same. But how would the public reception have changed had Bruce Cummings published his diary as a novel, that is, as fiction? The answer is easy: there would have been no change for the simple reason that Barbellion would never have existed, at least in real life. Instead, he would have had a fictional existence in a novel and in that world could die whenever his author wished. However, marketed as a novel, The Journal of a Disappointed Man probably would not have sold as well as it did. This is only a guess, but it brings up an interesting point. Despite the powerful advantages of fiction, nonfiction narratives enjoy one attraction that fiction lacks, and that is that they claim to tell a story that is factually true. This is the deep appeal of narratives like history, biography, autobiography, filmed documentaries, and staged monologues representing a real person in her own words (and for that matter all accounts of the way things have actually happened in time, including the narratives of geology, paleontology, astronomy, and other sciences). Factual truth sells, and audiences will forgive failures of art and even lapses of narrative suspense in the delivery of this kind of truth.
Ileitis After Ileostomy: Prestomal Ileitis

Summary Four cases of ileitis occurring proximal to an ileostomy have been reported. The incidence, pathology, and clinical manifestations are discussed. Probably at least three entities may be responsible for prestomal ileitis: (1) obstruction of the ileostomy stoma; (2) regional ileitis developing after colectomy; and (3) a type not clearly related to either one, but thought to be related to the primary cause of ulcerative colitis such as a circulating factor or antibody originally acting against the colon, but now acting against the small bowel. Prestomal ileitis should be kept in mind in all patients with ileostomy dysfunction; the diagnosis can be made easily by x-ray examination or by endoscopy of the terminal ileum.
Vitamin B12 deficiency and gastric histopathology in older patients.

AIM: To compare upper gastric endoscopic and histopathologic findings in older adults in the presence and absence of B12 deficiency. METHODS: A prospective analysis of upper gastric endoscopic and gastric histopathologic findings from 30 newly identified B12-deficient patients (11 males, 19 females) and 16 controls with normal B12 status (6 males, 10 females) was performed. For all subjects, the indication for upper endoscopy and gastric biopsy were unrelated to B12 status. A single pathologist, blinded to B12 status, processed and interpreted the biopsy samples. Endoscopic and histopathologic findings were correlated with age, gender, hematocrit (Hct), MCV and B12 status. RESULTS: The B12-deficient group had significantly lower mean serum B12 levels compared to the controls (P<0.00005) while their mean Hct, MCV and serum albumin levels were similar. Iron deficiency (ferritin-based) was present in 21% of B12-deficient patients and intrinsic factor antibodies were present in 29% (5/17) of B12-deficient patients. The endoscopic findings revealed significantly different rates of gastritis and atrophy between the B12-deficient and control groups (P = 0.017). B12-deficient patients had significantly less superficial gastritis (62% vs 94%) and significantly more atrophic gastritis (28% vs 0%) as compared to the controls (P = 0.039). Intestinal metaplasia was similar in both groups. Helicobacter pylori infection rates were similar in the B12-deficient patients and controls (40% vs 31%). CONCLUSION: Significantly different endoscopic findings and types of gastritis could often be observed in the presence and absence of B12 deficiency. Atrophy, based on endoscopy, and atrophic gastritis, based on histopathology, suggest the presence of B12 deficiency. Gastric histopathology is not influenced by the age, gender, Hct or MCV of the patients.
Spectrally efficient simultaneous delivery of 112Gbps baseband wireline and 60 GHz MM-wave carrying 10Gbps optical wireless signal in radio-over-fiber WDM-PON access systems

For the first time, we demonstrate a novel scheme to deliver 112Gbps PolMux-RZ-QPSK baseband and 10Gbps optical wireless signals at 60GHz millimeter-wave in downstream links and 10Gbps centralized lightwave upstream for the super-broadband radio-over-fiber 100GHz spaced WDM-PON networks.
Government and Religion as Landlord and Tenant

In 2005, the ACLU filed suit against the federal government alleging that the government’s lease of Martin’s Cove Historic Site in Wyoming to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Similarly, the leasing of Balboa Park by the City of San Diego to the Boy Scouts of America was challenged as violating the establishment and equal protection provisions of the federal and state constitutions and on other grounds. These suits illustrate that, whenever the government is involved in leasing public land to a religious organization for private use or leasing private land from a religious organization for public use, there is the potential for violating the U.S. Constitution or for violating state constitutional or legislative provisions. This Article discusses the legal issues encountered when the government acts as either a landlord or a tenant in a leasing arrangement with a religious organization. Part II focuses on those situations when the religious character of the government’s leasing partner is uncertain; for example, when the tenant is an organization such as the Boy Scouts of America. Thus, as discussed in Part III, the government can run afoul of the Constitution either as a landlord or a tenant if its leasing partner is considered to be religious in character. Part III examines various approaches and cases dealing with alleged state or federal constitutional violations based on the nature of the lease agreement between the government and a religious entity. When the government refuses to lease property to a religious entity, it may violate Equal Protection and/or Free Exercise rights. Part IV concludes by suggesting that when the government enters lease agreements with religious entities, serious consideration should be given to such an arrangement when the transaction requires either party to modify their standard operations and vary from a typical commercial relationship.
Gait shape estimation for identification

A method is presented for identifying individuals by shape, given a sequence of noisy silhouettes segmented from video. A spectral partitioning framework is used to cluster similar poses and automatically extract gait shapes. The method uses a variance-weighted similarity metric to induce clusters that cover disparate stages in the gait cycle. This technique is applied to the HumanID Gait Challenge dataset to measure the quality of the shape model, and the efficacy of shape statistics in human identification.
Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma Presenting as Omental Large Cell Carcinoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Resulting in Bowel Obstruction

Neuroendocrine differentiation in the neoplastic prostate varies from foci of adenocarcinoma showing immunoreactivity to the pure small cell carcinoma, which correlates with poor prognosis. Widely metastatic disease in unusual sites is reported for small cell carcinoma, and rarely is the serum prostate-specific antigen level elevated. We report a case of recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma presenting as bowel obstruction due to widespread metastatic disease in the omentum and peritoneum. The histopathology of the omental metastasis was that of a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, without evidence of an adenocarcinoma. The absence of a clinically evident second primary tumor, the concomitant elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level, and the positive tissue immunoreactivities to prostatic markers all supported the prostatic origin of the omental tumor. Review of the importance of prostatic neuroendocrine differentiation and its unusual metastatic patterns is presented.
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry: a comparison of old and new methods.

Two devices for hyperbilirubinemia screening were compared: the Minolta jaundice meter and the 30-year-old Ingram icterometer. Serum bilirubin values were obtained from a population of 106 healthy newborns with jaundice. A linear correlation existed between serum bilirubin values and the readings on the jaundice meter (y = 0.91x + 9.25, r = .74, standard error of the estimate (sy X x) = 2.02). The device classified hyperbilirubinemia with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 77.5%. A linear correlation existed between serum bilirubin values and the readings on the icterometer (y = 0.17x + 1.74, r = .63, sy X x = 0.38). The device classified hyperbilirubinemia with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 74%. The population studied was preselected for the presence of jaundice and each data point obtained was from a different patient. As a result, the correlation coefficient obtained from the jaundice meter is lower than others reported, but is more representative of the value that should be obtained under routine nursery situations. Both devices perform well as screening devices; at optimal cutpoints, no statistically significant difference in their efficacy can be demonstrated. Despite the availability of more complex and expensive devices, the icterometer continues to serve as a cost-effective screening device for hyperbilirubinemia.
Hemorrhagic vasculopathy after treatment of central nervous system neoplasia in childhood: diagnosis and follow-up.

PURPOSE To review the clinical data, imaging findings, and intermediate outcomes of a series of children with hemorrhagic vasculopathy after treatment for intracranial neoplasia. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and imaging examinations of 20 pediatric patients (ages 1 to 15 years) with intracranial neoplasia in whom delayed intracranial hemorrhage developed after cranial irradiation or radiation combined with systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy. Patients with intracranial hemorrhage from other identifiable causes were excluded. Histopathologic analysis was available in four patients. RESULTS Twenty patients with delayed intracranial hemorrhage received cranial irradiation alone (n = 9) or combined radiation and chemotherapy (n = 11) for primary brain tumors (n = 13), leukemia (n = 6), or lymphoma (n = 1). Imaging findings were consistent with hemorrhages of varying ages. The hemorrhages were not associated with tumor recurrence nor second tumors. Except for location of the hemorrhage, no significant relationship was established between outcome and original diagnosis, radiation dose (range, 1800 to 6000 centigray), chemotherapeutic agent or dosage, age at treatment, or interval between therapy and hemorrhage (mean, 8.1 years). Only brain stem hemorrhage was associated with a poor outcome. CONCLUSION In children with central nervous system neoplasia who have undergone cranial irradiation, or radiation combined with chemotherapy, delayed intracranial hemorrhage may develop.
Eastern Others on Western Pages: Eighteenth‐Century Literary Orientalism

Literary orientalism is construed in myriad ways, and focusing on its eighteenth-century manifestations hardly limits the range of interpretations. Here it is understood in terms of the representational practices and motivations inhering in European-authored texts treating cultures to the east of Europe. The epistemological aftermath of the age of exploration, galvanized by the will to global commerce, put an unprecedented number of Turkish, Persian, Arab, Indian, Tartar, Chinese, Japanese and other personages on the pages of erudite and popular literature. Current criticism of these works pivots largely on Said's influential study Orientalism, concomitant with its many mediations by scholars investigating orientalism's intersections with imperialism, feminism, postcolonialism, and other ideological stances. The implications of nationalism and colonialism for eighteenth-century representations of Asian peoples vary considerably, depending on whether one believes that portrayals of eastern others in this period were as yet unsullied, and even benign, or, conversely, that these elaborations exploited their subjects as intensely and perniciously as did their nineteenth-century counterparts. In either case, critics focus on the instrumentalization of the eastern other in the cultural work of the European. British and French texts still inspire the majority of studies. More and more, however, analyses of eighteenth-century German, Russian, Italian, and Spanish writings accompany them. The scholarly fields most fecund for orientalist investigations include theatre, both spoken and musical, translation studies, women's and gender studies, and travel literature.
Merging covering arrays and compressing multiple sequence alignments

Covering arrays have been extensively studied, in part because of their applications in testing interacting software components. In this setting, fast and flexible methods are needed to construct covering arrays of close-to-minimum size. However testing scenarios often impose additional structure on the tests that can be selected. We extend a greedy method to construct test suites for complex systems that have a hierarchical structure in which components combine to form subsystems, which in turn form larger subsystems, until the entire system is formed. The algorithm for merging covering arrays that we propose is then shown to have further potential application in the compression of multiple sequence alignments of genomic data.
Characterization of the specificity of O-GlcNAc reactive antibodies under conditions of starvation and stress

Abstract The dynamic modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins by O -linked β- N -acetyl- d -glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has been shown to regulate over 3000 proteins in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation. O-GlcNAcylation regulates the cellular stress response and the cell cycle, and is implicated in the etiology of neurodegeneration, type II diabetes, and cancer. The antibody CTD110.6 is often used to detect changes in the O-GlcNAc modification. Recently, it has been demonstrated that CTD110.6 recognizes N -linked N,N′ -diacetylchitobiose, which is thought to accumulate in cells experiencing severe glucose deprivation. In this study, we have addressed two questions: (1) Which other antibodies used to detect O-GlcNAc cross-react with N -linked N,N′ -diacetylchitobiose? (2) Does N -linked N,N′ -diacetylchitobiose accumulate in response to other cellular stressors? To delineate between O-GlcNAc and N -linked N,N′ -diacetylchitobiose, we developed a workflow that has been used to confirm the specificity of a variety of O-GlcNAc-specific antibodies. Using this workflow we demonstrated that heat shock, osmotic stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage, proteasomal inhibition, and ATP depletion induce O-GlcNAcylation but not N -linked N,N′ -diacetylchitobiose. Moreover, we demonstrated that while glucose deprivation results in an induction in both O-GlcNAc and N- linked N,N′ -diacetylchitobiose, the induction of N- linked N,N′ -diacetylchitobiose is exacerbated by the removal of fetal bovine serum.
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Applied to Childhood Traumatic Grief in the Aftermath of a Motor-Vehicle Accident A School-Based Case Study

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and unresolved grief can appear in children and adolescents following the witnessing or experiencing of a traumatic event and respond with intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Those who lose a loved one in a traumatic manner can develop childhood traumatic grief (CTG), where typical grieving is hindered by trauma symptoms, causing significant impairment in daily functioning, relationships, and academic pursuits. The following is a case study describing a trauma-focused cognitive behavioral approach to treat post-traumatic stress disorder and CTG in a 16-year-old driver of a motor vehicle accident in which his peer was killed. A graduate student clinician provided treatment under supervision within the context of a school mental health program. The results of the intervention were associated with significant reductions in symptoms and impairments in daily living. The implications of these data and recommendations for clinicians treating CTG are provided.
Cation transport by gastric H+:K+ ATPase.

A vesicular microsomal fraction isolated from hog fundic mucosa demonstrates the capacity to take up equal amounts of RB+ and Cl−. The amount of the Rb+ uptake is sensitive to the extravesicular osmolarity, and rate of uptake is sensitive to temperature.86Rb+ efflux is dependent upon the cation composition of the diluting solution. ATP, but not β-γ methylene ATP, induces a reversible efflux of86Rb+ from loaded vesicles, and this is dependent upon a functional K+-ATPase. The ATP induced efflux is not affected by CCCP (carbonyl cyanidem-chlorophenylhydrazone) or TCS (tetrachlorosalicylanilide) nor by lipid soluble ions or valinomycin. Nigericin inhibits the efflux by 40%. Uptake of the lipid soluble ion14C-SCN− has been demonstrated and is enhanced by ATP only in the presence of valinomycin. The results are consistent with a neutral or isopotential exchange of H+ for Rb+ mediated by K+-ATPase.
The contribution of the microsomal electron transport pathway to the oxidative metabolism of liver.

Abstract The present report demonstrates the ability to measure spectrophotometrically cytochrome reduction in superfused liver slices. Employing buffer mixtures equilibrated with various gases and supplemented with a variety of substrates, it is possible to differentiate the spectral contributions of cytochrome associated with mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. Of interest is the recognition that cytochrome P-450 represents the major cytochrome pigment of liver. Measurements of oxygen utilization by liver slices using optimal conditions for the function of cytochrome P-450 in mixed function oxidation reactions suggests that as much as 25% of cellular respiration of the liver could occur via an extra-mitochondrial electron transport pathway. Studies with various substrate mixtures demonstrate the potential utilization of cytoplasmic generated reduced pyridine nucleotides for the reduction of cytochrome P-450. These studies together with measurements of hexobarbital interaction with oxidized cytochrome P-450 of liver slices suggests a possible significant role of the electron transport sequence of the endoplasmic reticulum on cytoplasmic metabolic reactions.
Improved model for liquid loss at a dynamic contact line including behaviors of high-index fluids

To achieve the numerical aperture required for the next generation of immersion lithography, water may be replaced with a high index liquid as the immersion fluid. Because of their low surface tension to viscosity ratios, candidate high index fluids have an increased tendency to lose liquid from the under-lens region during scanning. Because any residual liquid left on the wafer is a potential defect mechanism, the conversion to high index fluids may drastically reduce scanning speeds and wafer throughput. The mechanism for liquid loss strongly depends on the behavior of the three-phase contact line; thus, this work focuses on the experimental study of the static and dynamic contact line behavior of five high index fluids. Contact angle and critical liquid loss velocity data is compared to the current model, which has been updated to better fit this new range of fluids. Liquid loss behaviors and their implications to the immersion lithography industry are discussed.
Direct Measurement by Laser Flash Photolysis of Intraprotein Electron Transfer in a Rat Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase

Intraprotein interdomain electron transfer (IET) from flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to heme is essential in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by NO synthase (NOS). Our previous laser flash photolysis studies have provided a direct determination of the kinetics of IET between the FMN and heme domains in truncated oxyFMN constructs of rat neuronal NOS (nNOS) and murine inducible NOS (iNOS), in which only the oxygenase and FMN domains along with the calmodulin (CaM) binding site are present [Feng, C. J.; Tollin, G.; Holliday, M. A.; Thomas, C.; Salerno, J. C.; Enemark, J. H.; Ghosh, D. K. Biochemistry 2006, 45, 6354−6362. Feng, C. J.; Thomas, C.; Holliday, M. A.; Tollin, G.; Salerno, J. C.; Ghosh, D. K.; Enemark, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 3808−3811]. Here, we report the kinetics of IET between the FMN and heme domains in a rat nNOS holoenzyme in the presence and absence of added CaM using laser flash photolysis of CO dissociation in comparative studies on partially reduced NOS and a single domain NOS oxygen...
The influence of plant architecture on the foraging efficiencies of a suite of ladybird beetles feeding on aphids

By manipulating plant variety and predator species, we investigated the interactions of plant and predator traits in determining predation effectiveness. The predators were all coccinellid adults (Hippodamia convergens, Hippodamia variegata, Coccinella apunctata, and Coccinella septempunctata) and the prey were cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae). Foraging behavior of the four predators was observed on four crucifers that differed widely in their structures and surface textures (Brassica oleracea caulorapa, Brassica campestris, Brassica juncea crispifolia, and Hirschfeldia incana). Predation rates were significantly influenced by plant variety, a result we attribute to direct effects of plant morphology on predator mobility, falling frequency, and prey accessibility. Predation rates did not vary significantly among the ladybirds, although the four species did exhibit distinct foraging strategies as measured by time spent actively foraging, the rate of encountering aphids, and the fraction of aphids encountered that were consumed. The coccinellids also differed in their propensity for flying away from the plant, and in the frequency with which they fell from the plant. We did not detect any significant interaction effects between plant and predator species, suggesting that the main effects of plant and predator species may overwhelm their interactions in this kind of system. Our results suggest that the level of predation upon herbivorous insects may depend more upon plant architecture than on the particular species of natural enemies present.
Radiation effects in the high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 − δ☆

The effect of particle-induced radiation damage on the resistance as a function of temperature, R(T), for temperatures between 300 and 20 K, for the newly discovered high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 − δ is described. The results presented demonstrate tha R(T) is affected at relatively low levels of energy deposition. For granular films of weak connectivity, the radiation damage evolves as a progressive decoupling of individual grains below Tc and as an increase in the normal resistance, Rn, above Tc. The radiat damage factor, defined as d(ΔTc-completion)dφ (where Tc-completion is the highest temperature for which R = 0 and φ is the particle fluence), is correlated linearly with the nuclear energy loss (displacement damage effects) for our results and those existing in the current literature. Radiation damage results observed for YBa2Cu3O7 − δ films are compared with those observed for the A-15 superconducting films.
Computational Tool for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation of Seismically Excited Steel Frame Structures

AbstractReal-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) offers an economical and reliable methodology for testing integrated structural systems with rate-dependent behaviors. Within a RTHS implementation, critical components of the structural system under evaluation are physically tested, while more predictable components are replaced with computational models under a one-to-one timescale execution. As a result, RTHS implementations provide a more economical and versatile alternate approach to evaluating structural/rate-dependent systems under actual dynamic and inertial conditions, without the need for full-scale structural testing. One significant challenge in RTHS is the accurate representation of the physical complexities within the computational counterparts. For RTHS, the requirement for computational environments with reliable modeling and real-time execution capabilities is critical. Additionally, the need of a flexible environment for implementation and easy integration of such platforms with remaining RTHS c...
Factors Influencing Coordination versus Oxidative Addition of C−H Bonds to Molybdenum and Tungsten: Structural and Spectroscopic Evidence That the Calixarene Framework Promotes C−H Bond Activation

Mo(PMe3)6 and W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H react with the diphenol CH2(ArMe2OH)2 (ArMe2 = C6H2Me2) to yield [κ2,η2-CH2(ArMe2O)2]M(PMe3)3H2 (M = Mo, W), which possess agostic M−H−C interactions. NMR spectroscopic studies provide evidence that the tungsten compound is in facile equilibrium with the metalated trihydride [κ3-CH(ArMe2O)2]W(PMe3)3H3.
Potentiation of drug-initiated adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase induction by diazepam.

The increase in in vitro adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity caused by drugs which produce an increase in preganglionic nerve activity as a result of actions outside the central nervous system was increased by the administration of diazepam. However, other central nervous system depressants such as pentobarbital, phenobarbital and diphenylhydantion were not found to share this property. Adrenal enzyme induction provoked by isoproterenol and 6-hydroxydopamine was increased by diazepam administration, whereas that produced by reserpine or insulin was not altered. The enhanced adrenal TH activity produced by diazepam pretreatment and isoproterenol administration could not be attributed to an increase in intensity or to an altered body temperature. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan can antagonize the induction of adrenal TH produced by isoproterenol, however, it did not block the TH induction produced by concurrent administration of diazepam and isoproterenol. The effect of diazepam on adrenal TH induction may be the result of its ability to interfere with central nervous system amine containing nerve functions which modulate preganglionic nerve activity, but the particular neurotransmitter system involved has not been determined.
Principal wild food plants of the united states excluding alaska and hawaii

Despite the creeping urbanization which is now absorbing even swamps and deserts formerly considered uninhabitable, the continued appearance of books on edible wild plants indicates that interest in the subject abounds, not only among nature lovers, sportsmen, Boy and Girl Scouts, but others whose military or civil activities necessitate training in outdoor survival. Most of the publications in this field are regional in scope and these are, truly, of greatest value locally. However, the teacher or student of economic botany who desires a broad knowledge of the wild food plants of this country will find no single handbook which scans the entire geographic range. Elias Yanovsky (15), in the most comprehensive work to date, presented 1112 species, yet he omitted over 40 plants which are among the more than 400 dealt with by Medsger (9) and 50 of the edible species native to southern Florida (10). The following non-regional checklist is based on Yanovsky but amplified from other sources, and from personal knowledge gained through foraging in New England, Florida and the Bahamas. It presents those genera and individual species which, from the literature, appear to be principal sources of food in the wild. A few of the selections may be debatable, and some might question the omission of many of the grasses (Panicum., Setaria, EchinochZoa, etc.) from which the Indians harvested seeds but the inclusion of which would have unduly extended the list. The great majority of rejections are those plants, desirable or otherwise, of minor status, judging by scant treatment in the
On the mechanisms of C6H6 ionization and fragmentation

Abstract Photoionization and electron monochromator studies have been carried out on benzene, 1,5-hexadiyne, 2,4-hexadiyne, pyridine and some C4H4 isomers to develop new information concerning the details of benzene ion fragmentation. Present results, together with those of other workers, indicate that a number of C6H6+ ion isomers have energies comparable to that of the first excited state of the benzene ion. These could act as intermediate states in skeletal fragmentation of the benzene ion and account for the observed small kinetic shift. Results on vinyl acetylene and butatriene indicate that these ion structures are not formed at the fragmentation threshold in benzene. Results on 1,5-hexadiyne and pyridine indicate the formation of a new C4H4+ ion structure, more stable than the two linear isomers. The evidence for lack of competition between hydrogen loss and skeletal fragmentation in the benzene ion is reviewed. Photoionization of benzene reveals autoionization contributions to parent ion and fragment ion production; assignments of the autoionizing levels are given. The photoionization behavior of 1,5-hexadiyne suggests that this also fragments via two pairs of non-competing reactions, as postulated for benzene.
Pattern-dependence optical phase effect on alternating phase shift mask

A comprehensive study of alternating phase shifting mask (Alt-PSM) including mask making, 3-dimensional aerial image simulation, and wafer printing is reported in this paper. For the mask making, we found that the micro-loading effect will be greatly improved using the etching recipe with high Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) power and low Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) power. However, this recipe has side effects of Cr film damage and rough quartz side wall. Due to the 3-dimensional mask complex effect, the optimal phase difference is not simply π calculated using optical path difference but is varied with mask features. The optimal phase difference is 165° other than 180° for hole patterns, while it is 176° for line-and-space patterns. The micro-loading effect with variant 2-dimensional complexities is also studied in this paper.
Cross-Validation of Differences Between Users and Non-Users of Senior Centers

ABSTRACT Discriminant analysis was used to compare users and non-users of senior centers in two samples of older adults. The model accurately classified 70-80% of the two samples. This was the first study to cross-validate findings both within and between samples. Included in the model were variables from four domains; predisposing, enabling, need, and linkage to the older adult service system. Variables measuring linkage to the service system explained more variance than any of the other variable domains.
Early endpoints for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.

In this issue of the journal, [Friedland et al.][1] ([4][2]) present a retrospective analysis of the two CANVAS trials ([3][3]), employing the newer endpoints from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ([7][4]). First, they are to be congratulated for having the foresight to include sufficient
Inflammatory cytokine gene expression in mesenteric adipose tissue during acute experimental colitis.

Background Production of inflammatory cytokines by mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Animal models of colitis have demonstrated inflammatory changes within MAT, but it is unclear if these changes occur in isolation or as part of a systemic adipose tissue response. It is also unknown what cell types are responsible for cytokine production within MAT. The present study was designed to determine whether cytokine production by MAT during experimental colitis is depot-specific, and also to identify the source of cytokine production within MAT. Methods Experimental colitis was induced in 6-month-old C57BL/6 mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (2% in drinking water) for up to 5 days. The induction of cytokine mRNA within various adipose tissues, including mesenteric, epididymal, and subcutaneous, was analyzed by qRT-PCR. These adipose tissues were also examined for histological evidence of inflammation. The level of cytokine mRNA during acute colitis was compared between mature mesenteric adipocytes, mesenteric stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and mesenteric lymph nodes. Results During acute colitis, MAT exhibited an increased presence of infiltrating mononuclear cells and fibrotic structures, as well as decreased adipocyte size. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly increased in MAT but not other adipose tissue depots. Within the MAT, induction of these cytokines was observed mainly in the SVF. Conclusions Acute experimental colitis causes a strong site-specific inflammatory response within MAT, which is mediated by cells of the SVF, rather than mature adipocytes or mesenteric lymph nodes.