cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of demographic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics among younger and older persons with acute coronary syndrome

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the differences in demographic, psychosocial (depression), and clinical profiles among younger (males ≤50 years of age and females ≤55 years of age) and older (males >50 years of age and females >55 years of age) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data sources This study is a preliminary analysis of data collected from 1140 patients with ACS enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal investigation. Conclusions As compared to their older counterparts, younger ACS patients were significantly more likely to be obese (p < .001), to smoke (p < .001), to have a higher BDI-II depression score (p < .001), and to feel depressed in the last year (p < .001). In contrast, younger ACS patients were significantly less likely to be dyslipidemic (p < .001), diabetic (p = 0.025), or hypertensive (p < .001) than their older counterparts. Implications for practice Clinicians need to be persistent in promoting the importance of weight loss and smoking cessation. Screening and treating depression in younger persons is a prudent approach. The significance of regular screening and aggressive treatment of other risk factors (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) should not be overlooked.
Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion

In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen and/or inflammatory signals. This scenario is often associated with the deterioration of T cell function: a state called 'exhaustion'. Exhausted T cells lose robust effector functions, express multiple inhibitory receptors and are defined by an altered transcriptional programme. T cell exhaustion is often associated with inefficient control of persisting infections and tumours, but revitalization of exhausted T cells can reinvigorate immunity. Here, we review recent advances that provide a clearer molecular understanding of T cell exhaustion and reveal new therapeutic targets for persisting infections and cancer.
THE REGULATION OF INTERACTION BY POLICE

Scholars agree that a preoccupation of police is the maintenance of their authority during encounters with civilians. There is little knowledge of how they seek to do this. Using a subset of process data from a large, quantitative, observational field study of police, the authors analyze it from the perspective of general systems theory. They find that authority is maintained in most cases by much more subtle means than past studies have identified.
Fast searching over compressed text using a new coding technique: tagged sub-optimal code (TSC)

In this paper, a new coding technique called tagged sub-optimal code (TSC) is proposed. TSC is a variable-length sub-optimal code that supports minimal prefix property. TSC technique is beneficial in many types of applications: speeding up string matching over compressed text, speeding decoding process, robustness of error detection and recovery during transmission, as well as in general-purpose integer representation code. The experimental results show that TSC is 8.9 times faster than string matching over compressed text using Huffman encoding, and 3 times faster in the decoding process.
Cyanoacrylate adhesive use in primary operation and reoperation in rabbit eye muscle surgery.

Purpose To compare the performance of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate to 6-0 polyglactin 910 suture in rabbit superior rectus muscle surgery after operation and reoperation procedures. Methods A prospective noninferiority trial was conducted in rabbits. Bilateral superior rectus muscle recessions were performed using cyanoacrylate in one eye and polyglactin suture in the other. At 5 weeks, reoperations to advance the superior rectus muscle were performed on 20 rabbits. Slippage, tensile strength, ease of reoperation, operative time, and inflammatory reaction were recorded. For the primary outcomes, the predetermined margin of noninferiority was 1 mm for slippage and 100 g for tensile strength. Results In both groups, the proportion of slippage ≥1 mm from the recession site was 1.9%. For the reoperation, it was 36.8% and 15.7% in the suture and cyanoacrylate groups, respectively, and the mean slippage was 0.60 mm and 0.42 mm. Mean tensile strength was 842.8 g for suture and 777.2 g for cyanoacrylate after the first operation and 877.73 g and 844.87 g after the reoperation. There was no difference between groups for surgical difficulty or inflammatory index. For the first operation, surgery using cyanoacrylate was on average 3.85 min faster than suture. Conclusions Cyanoacrylate can achieve an adequate muscle-sclera bond in the immediate period after surgery to avoid major slippage and does not affect the long-term process of wound healing for both recession and advancement procedures. It is well tolerated and does not add technical difficulty even if used for reoperations. Because it eliminates the risk of globe perforation, cyanoacrylate may be a good alternative to sutures in strabismus surgery.
PERMUTATION IDENTITIES AND VARIETIES OF NILSEMIGROUPS

For any variety V of semigroups there exists a smallest semigroup variety PV containing V and closed for the construction of power semigroups. These varieties PV form a countably infinite subset PL(S) of the lattice L(S) of semigroup varieties. Though (PL(S), ⊆) is a complete lattice, it is not a complete sublattice of L(S). There exists however an interval in L(S) consisting of varieties of nilsemigroups which is isomorphic to (PL(S), ⊆). It will be shown that the equivalence classes of the equivalence relation induced by P: L(S)→PL(S), V↦PV, each contain a unique minimal variety consisting of nilsemigroups.
Medical internship as moral education: an essay on the system of training physicians.

This essay is an attempt to describe and interpret my experience as an intern in internal medicine at a major urban teaching hospital which shall be called simply the Hospital. Drawing upon the work of sociologists, anthropologists, and historians, I place that experience within a broader conceptual framework. By focusing upon the official ideology of the medical service and the unofficial language of interns and residents, upon the hospital's institutions for voicing dissent and its rituals for marking status elevation, I investigate the connections among the structural conditions of work, the construction of a community of house officers, the relation of that community to the medical profession at large, and the stability and perpetuation of internship as the institutional form of training for medicine.
Early maternal recognition of offspring vocalizations in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

This study investigated the development of maternal recognition of infant calls in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Fifteen mothers and their offspring, of age ranging from several hours to 28 days, served as subjects of an experiment in which the offspring's distress vocalizations were recorded and then played back to their mothers simultaneously with those of an age-matched control infant. The proportion of time looking at, but not the proportion of orientations to the speaker playing the offspring's vocalizations increased significantly as a function of infant age. Specifically, mothers of infants older than 1 week of age responded longer to the playback of their own infant's calls than did mothers of younger infants. These findings provide the firt evidence that offspring recognition in macaques develops between the first and second week of the infant's life and are consistent with the hypothesis that mothers need to be exposed to their infants' calls in order to learn their acoustic characteristics.
Using a CSCL tool to support a legislative role-playing simulation: hopes, fears, and challenges

Educators are increasingly seeking opportunities to engage their students in active learning through authentic experiences. These authentic curricula, however, often require students to communicate with their peers to a degree that is difficult to achieve within the rigid structure of most schools. This paper addresses the hopes and fears of three teachers' experience integrating collaborative software to support approximately 370 students in their efforts to communicate and collaborate within the competitive context of a legislative role-playing simulation. Following a brief overview of the design, the paper address the teachers' fears, hopes, and remaining challenges.
A homotopy method for nonconservative stability robustness analysis

A frequency domain analytical tool that verifies stability robustness for structured uncertainty consisting of real parameter variations is described. The method provides a nonconservative measure of the system's stability margin. It utilizes a numerical technique based on homotopies to ensure that a global minimum has been found.
Periodized resistance training with and without supplementation improve body composition and performance in older men.

Purpose To examine the effects of 12 weeks of periodized resistance training (RT) with and without combined creatine and whey protein supplementation on changes in body composition, muscular strength, and functional performance.
Distribution of Pediatric Health Service Centers and Travel Distance for Children Receiving Medical Care: A Model to Assess Regionalization

Distribution of Pediatric Health Service Centers and Travel Distance for Children Receiving Medical Care: A Model to Assess Regionalization
Autonomous negotiation of freeway traffic

This paper presents a new approach for autonomously negotiating freeway traffic. It is based on the concept of Velocity Obstacle (VO) which maps the set of vehicle's velocities that would result in a collision with the other moving vehicles. The Velocity Obstacle is computed by measuring the relative velocities and positions of the neighboring vehicles. The vehicle then negotiates through the moving traffic by selecting velocities that are out of that set, but are directed towards the intermediate goal, which may be an exit ramp or another lane. The computation of the VO and the feasible velocity is repeated at regular time intervals, to account for the time evolution of the freeway traffic. This representation can be used to automatically plan the vehicle's motion, or to advise the driver of potential unsafe maneuvers. For automatic planning, we developed heuristics that select the safe velocity based on the location of the goal and the acceptable risk level of the maneuvering vehicle. For advisory purposes, we developed a graphic representation of the VO which clearly shows the unsafe velocities to be avoided at all times. Attempting to drive at an unsafe velocity may sound an alarm and suggest a corrective maneuver. This representation is computationally efficient, and is applicable for on-line planning and warning. The method is demonstrated in simulations for planning the trajectory of an automated vehicle in an Intelligent vehicle Highway System (IVHS) scenario.
Fifteen-year argon laser and xenon photocoagulation results of Bascom Palmer Eye Institute's patients participating in the diabetic retinopathy study.

Abstract Fifteen years after panretinal photocoagulation in the Diabetic Retinopathy Study, 86 (57%) patients had died, 14 (9%) could not be located, and 51 (34%) of 151 patients were examined to determine the long-term treatment effects. Of the eyes randomized to photocoagulation only 1 (5%) of 19 argontreated and 1 (3%) of 32 xenon-treated eyes had received additional laser treatment, but 8 argon-treated and 7 xenon-treated eyes had had cataract removal. Eleven (58%) of the initially argon-treated and 13 (41 %) of the initially xenon-treated eyes had 20/40 or better acuity, and 18 (95%) of the initially argon-treated and 26 (82%) of the initially xenon-treated eyes had 20/200 or better acuity. Of the control eyes 17 (33%) had 20/40 or better, and 30 (58%) had 20/200 or better acuity. Argon and xenon panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy provide good results for at least 15 years.
A Zero-One Integer-Programming Formulation of the Problem of Land-Use Assignment and Transportation-Network Design

A zero-one integer-programming formulation of the simultaneous optimization of the problems of land-use assignment and transportation-network design is presented. The problem is modeled through a set-partitioning approach and incorporates a multiple-criteria objective function, appropriate upper- and lower-bound constraints on area assignments, and construction costs. A simple example and a more complicated urban-design case study are included to demonstrate the viability of this approach in solving the simultaneous-optimization problem. As a secondary benefit, this set-partitioning model can be reformulated as an integer, generalized-network, flow problem for which new efficient computer codes, capable of solving networks with thousands of nodes and variables, are available.
Multiplexed, ligation‐dependent probe amplification for rapid and inexpensive HLA‐DQB1 allelotyping

Many effective options exist to accurately type DNA for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. However, most of the existing methods are excessively costly in terms of overall monetary costs, DNA requirements, and proprietary software. We present a novel assay capable of resolving heterozygous HLA-DQB1 allelotypes at two digits, with even greater specificity for the HLA-DQB1*06 allele family, by using the multiplexed ligation-dependent probe amplification technology. This assay provides more specific allele data than genome-wide analysis and is more affordable than sequencing, making it a useful intermediate for researchers seeking to accurately allelotype human DNA samples.
Teaching Community via Biology in Late-Nineteenth-Century Germany

In the 1880s, the German schoolteacher Friedrich Junge proposed reforming the school biology curriculum away from taxonomy and replacing it with a hands-on curriculum organized around the concept of the Lebensgemeinschaft, or "biotic community." Junge's ideas spread rapidly across Germany, eventually becoming the basis for an entirely reformed curriculum. This paper argues that Junge's reform scheme appealed primarily for two reasons: first, its presentation of nature as a harmonious community resonated with the goals of schoolteachers who wanted to use nature as a model for inculcating proper behavior among their pupils, especially in light of the threat of socialism; and second, it afforded teachers-especially low-status elementary school teachers-a chance to claim much-wanted autonomy for their classroom practices. The paper thus shows how educational reform may be seen as a key historical zone of interaction at the meeting points of science, civil society, and the state.
MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN POULTRY PROCESSING PLANTS IN CANADA

Abstract : Microbiological studies in two large poultry processing plants showed that the total and the psychrotolerant counts on finished birds ranged from 5,000 to 100,000 and from 200 to 5,000 cells per sq. cm., respectively, depending on the plant, and time of day samples were taken. An approximate 2.5 fold gradual increase in the total and psychrotolerant counts occurred on finished birds during a day's operation. Line studies indicated that the total count on the skin of birds was highest after the defeathering procedure. The fresh water shower following evisceration and passage of the carcasses through the continuous ice water chiller lowered the total count to some extent, but the skin of finished birds always contained more bacteria (1.5 to 22 times as many) than the skin of live birds. The psychrotolerant counts, on the other hand, more than doubled during passage through the continuous chiller. Live birds, fresh water and ice were found to be the sources of psychrotolerant bacteria in the plants. Achromobacter, Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium were present in about equal numbers on finished birds, with Achromobacter prevailing on live birds and Pseudomonas preponderantly being added during processing. (Author)
Future utilization of cereal crops

Estimates made on the uses for cereals (corn, wheat, oats, barley, sorghum, rice, and rye) in 1975 are based upon a number of assumptions. If those made in this article are approached, the pattern of cereal use will be much the same as it is at present.
Poly(3-hexyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene) by ADMET Polymerization of a Dipropenyl Monomer

We report the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of 2,5-dipropenyl-3-hexylthiophene using ruthenium metathesis catalysts as a facile method for the production of poly(3-hexyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene) (P3HTV). Using a high-temperature polymerization under dynamic vacuum to remove the 2-butene byproduct, we were able to prepare polymers with apparent weight-average molecular weights as high as 19 kg/mol. P3HTV samples were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, UV−vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analysis.
Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Cryogenine, Cyproheptadine, and Diphenhydramine as Antagonists of Furtrethonium, Histamine, and Serotonin

Cryogenine was a noncompetitive inhibitor of furtrethonium in isolated rat jejunum, while both diphenhydramine and cyproheptadine displayed mixed competitive-noncompetitive activity. All three compounds were relatively specific competitive antagonists of histamine in isolated guinea pig uterus, although each was capable of noncompetitive activity at high bath concentrations. Cryogenine and cyproheptadine had noncompetitive antihistaminic activity on guinea pig terminal ileum, while diphenhydramine exhibited mixed competitive-noncompetitive activity. Diphenhydramine appeared to be a fairly specific competitive antagonist of serotonin in rat uterus, while cryogenine was relatively noncompetitive. Cyproheptadine displayed mixed competitive-noncompetitive antiserotonin activity in this same tissue.
The Composition of Capital and the Rate of Profit: A Reply to Laibman

In response to a critique by Laibman (1996) of earlier work (Thompson 1995) exploring the effect of technical change and accumulation on the real wage rate and thus, via the Okishio Theorem, the rate of profit, it is demonstrated that in a wide range of one-sector models (including that of Laibman) of a capitalist economy, increases in the composition of capital do not cause a fall in the equilibrium rate of profit. On the contrary, if anything, increases in the composition of capital cause the rate of profit to be higher.
WORK-FAMILY ARRANGEMENTS AND PARENTING: ARE "FAMILY-FRIENDLY" ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO MOTHERS' INVOLVEMENT IN CHILDREN'S LIVES?

Previous research has examined the impact of work-family incompatibility and policies designed to address this incompatibility on both organizational and employee outcomes, including productivity and dis- tress; yet no research has systematically related "family-responsive" arrange- ments to parenting to assess how these arrangements may be "friendly" to the family. In this article, data is used from a regional sample of employed mothers to investigate this question. Mothers almost uniformly reported that work-family arrangements facilitated their parenting abilities, yet results from a multivariate analysis show that associations between work- family arrangements and parenting are neither large nor widespread. Quan- titative findings are augmented by qualitative data on mothers' perceptions of how arrangements affect various aspects of family life. An analysis of mothers' responses to open-ended questions indicates why quantitative analyses might fail at locating relationships between work-family arrange- ments and standard parenting measures and illuminates aspects of parent- ing that are facilitated by work-family arrangements. During the past twenty-five years, as women—including mothers of young chil- dren—have committed increasingly more of their time to the labor market (Hoch- schild 1989; Jacobs and Gerson 2001; Spain and Bianchi 1996), scholars have drawn attention to how this trend contributes to incompatibility between the social institutions of work and family. A large body of research addresses this work-family incompatibility as well as efforts within the institutions of work and family to address it. One such effort involves workplace arrangements that recog- nize employees' family responsibilities. These arrangements, some being formal policies and some informal aspects of workplace culture, are often promoted as family-responsive, or family-friendly. But the extent to which these arrangements are friendly to the family is not yet known. Past research on work-family arrange-
The 122Xe122I system: A generator for the 3.62-min positron emitter, 122I☆

Abstract A generator system is developed to produce the short-lived positron-emitter 122 I (3.62 min) from its parent 122 Xe (20.1 h). The parent 122 Xe can be produced as a by-product in the production of 123 Xe from proton irradiation of a sodium iodide target. The generator consists of a xenon reservoir chamber and in ingrowth or milking chamber. The sequence of operation involves transferring xenon, using liquid nitrogen, from the reservoir to the milking vessel, allowing fresh 122 I to grow in for a few minutes, transferring the xenon back to the storage reservoir, and then rapidly rinsing the iodine out of the milking vessel. The radionuclidic purity of the carrier-free 122 I is high, containing less than 0.1% radioxenons and other radioiodines. The potential applications of 122 I include cardiac and large vessel angiography and studying heart dynamics. It is also well suited for use in positron-emission tomography.
The diagnosis and management of pre-invasive breast disease: Editor's reply

Introduction: The letter from Badve [1] relating to the series on pre-invasive breast disease, published in the September and November issues of Breast Cancer Research [2-10], is timely and very welcome. It rightly points out that one should be careful in changing classification systems based on limited knowledge and that perhaps discarding the term atypical ductal hyperplasia at the present time may be premature. I completely agree with him; however, there are a few issues I feel obliged to clarify.
Migration of recently divided B and T lymphocytes to peritoneum and lung.

Abstract It is recognized that a population of newly divided (or young) cells migrate preferentially to inflamed foci. It has been shown that a large proportion of lymphocytes residing in the bronchoalveolar airspaces of rat are recently divided cells and that blood may be an important source of these cells. To further delineate how blood may contribute to lymphocyte subpopulations in inflamed peritoneum and lung, a comparison of the capacity of recently divided T and B cells to migrate from blood to inflamed peritoneum and lung was made. To label young lymphocytes, DA strain donor rats were given Initiated thymidine by vein in vivo for 7 days. After thoracic duct drainage, the following labeled cell populations were adoptively transferred by vein into syngeneic recipients: (i) unseparated thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL), (ii) enriched T cells (>90%) or B cells (>80%) recovered after passage of TDL through nylon columns, and (iii) thoracic duct lymphocytes (> 99% B cells) obtained from “B rats” that were prepared by X irradiation, thymectomy, and bone marrow reconstitution. T and B cells were identified by specific heterologous antisera. The percentage recovery of labeled lymphocytes in the recipients with inflamed peritoneum or lung aspirates was determined from cell counts and autoradiographs. The studies indicated that (a) both labeled T and B cells migrated to inflamed peritoneum and lung; (b) labeled B cells migrated to peritoneum and lung better than did labeled TDL or T cells; and (c) labeled lymphocytes did not migrate to unstimulated peritoneum. The enhanced migration of newly divided B lymphocytes to inflamed peritoneum and normal lung (a site that is likely under chronic antigenic stimulation) was unexpected, but may provide additional information on the relative contribution of these subpopulations in the immune inflammatory response.
Consumption of isoflavone-rich soy protein does not alter homocysteine or markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women

To investigate the effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). In a randomized crossover design, 34 postmenopausal women consumed soy protein isolate (26±5 g protein containing 44±8 mg isoflavones per day) or milk protein isolate (26±5 g protein per day) for 6 weeks each. Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of each diet period and end points analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations of Hcy, CRP, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were not different between soy and milk diet treatments. Results did not differ by equol production status or by baseline lipid concentration. Adjustment for intake of folate and methionine did not alter the Hcy results. These data suggest that decreasing vascular inflammation and Hcy concentration are not likely mechanisms by which soy consumption reduces coronary heart disease risk.
Structure and optical properties of high light output halide scintillators

Structural and optical properties of several high light output halide scintillators and closely related materials are presented based on first-principles calculations. The optical properties are based on the Engel-Vosko generalized gradient approximation and the recently developed density functional of Tran and Blaha. The materials investigated are ${\text{BaBr}}_{2}$, BaIBr, ${\text{BaCl}}_{2}$, ${\text{BaF}}_{2}$, ${\text{BaI}}_{2}$, ${\text{BiI}}_{3}$, ${\text{CaI}}_{2}$, ${\text{Cs}}_{2}{\text{LiYCl}}_{6}$, ${\text{CsBa}}_{2}{\text{Br}}_{5}$, ${\text{CsBa}}_{2}{\text{I}}_{5}$, ${\text{K}}_{2}{\text{LaBr}}_{5}$, ${\text{K}}_{2}{\text{LaCl}}_{5}$, ${\text{K}}_{2}{\text{LaI}}_{5}$, ${\text{LaBr}}_{3}$, ${\text{LaCl}}_{3}$, ${\text{SrBr}}_{2}$, and ${\text{YI}}_{3}$. For comparison results are presented for the oxide ${\text{CdWO}}_{4}$. We find that the Tran Blaha functional gives greatly improved band gaps and optical properties in this class of materials. Furthermore, we find that unlike ${\text{CdWO}}_{4}$, most of these halides are highly isotropic from an optical point of view even though in many cases the crystal structures and other properties are not. This general result is rationalized in terms of halide chemistry. Implications for the development of ceramic halide scintillators are discussed.
Borehole packer tests at multiple depths resolve distinct hydrologic intervals in 3.5-Ma upper oceanic crust on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge

[1] Single-hole hydrogeologic experiments were conducted with a drillstring packer in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1301B, which penetrates 318 m into 3.5-Ma upper oceanic basement on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Seven constant-rate injection tests were conducted in open hole, with the packer inflated at three depths in the deepest 166 m of the basement section. The primary pressure data recorded in the test intervals required correction for local variations in seafloor pressure (mainly tides), as well as for changes in the “baseline” pressures during individual tests, probably owing to downhole flow of ocean bottom water induced by drilling. The corrected pressure records were fit to standard, idealized models of borehole response during pumping, leading to estimated basement permeabilities within the upper 318 m of basaltic crust near Hole 1301B of the order of 1 to 3 × 10−12 m2. The upper 207 m of basement around Hole 1301B appears to be more transmissive than the 111 m below this depth. Permeability within the upper interval may be as high as 5 × 10−12 m2, and permeability within a 30-m-thick zone between packer setting depths may be as great as 2 × 10−11 m2. Comparison of the results to packer and thermal data from uppermost basement in nearby Holes 1026B and 1027C suggests that the most transmissive part of the upper crust in this area may be located not immediately adjacent to the sediment-basement transition but deeper in the section.
Wetting reversal transition in phase‐separated polymer mixtures

We investigate a wetting reversal transition in thin films of two-phase mixtures of poly(ethylene-propylene) (PEP) and its deuterated analogue (dPEP) on a substrate covered by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) whose surface energy, γSAM, is tuned by varying the SAM composition. As γSAM increases from 21 to 24 mJ/m 2 , a transition from a three-layer (air/dPEP/PEP/dPEP/SAM) to a two-layer (air/dPEP/PEP/SAM) structure occurs at increasing T c - T, where T c and T are the critical and transition temperatures, respectively. As the system structure changes from three-layer to two-layer, the thicknesses of the dPEP-rich wetting layers at the air/mixture and mixture/SAM interfaces are found to smoothly increase and decrease, respectively, while the thickness of the PEP-rich layer (ca. one half of the total film thickness) does not change. The dependence of the transition temperature on γSAM is predicted by a simple model using the experimental data on the surface energies of PEP/dPEP and estimates of the interfacial energy between PEP and dPEP.
Influence of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Human and Mouse Myeloid Cell Line Characteristics

Abstract Mouse and human cells have been reported to have different thiol characteristics (J. M. Messina and D. A. Lawrence, 1992,Int. J. Immunopharmacol.14,1221–1234). In addition, when cells are undergoing active growth, they usually have an increased thiol content. In an attempt to determine whether a mouse and a human cell line with similar characteristics can be induced to change their phenotype simply by being cultured at a lower oxygen partial pressure (pO2), the human KG-1 and mouse M1 myeloid cell lines were cultured at 5 and 20% oxygen. It is important to note that 5% O2is close to the physiologicalpO2, whereas the percentage of O2usually employed for mostin vitromethods is atmosphericpO2. After long-term culturing at 5% (L cell lines) versus 20% O2(H cell lines), the thiol content of the original (H) cell lines significantly changed. The amount of total and surface thiols was lower in both L cell lines, but only significantly different on the M1 lines, whereas the glutathione content was significantly lower in the L cell lines of KG-1 and M1. The mouse lines showed the greatest sensitivity topO2changes; however, the mouse cell lines were not more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than the human cell lines even though they possess significantly less total thiols and glutathione. Interestingly, cell lines maintained at lowerpO2(physiologicalpO2) were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than their parental counterparts that were maintained at atmospheric oxygen levels.
FLOW METERS FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Regulated water flow is an essential feature of modern civilization. Effective use of water resources by industrial, agricultural, and municipal processes, as well as domestic conveniences, require controlled flow systems. Closely related to this regulation is the requirement for flow measurement, the techniques of which have developed over many centuries. Because of the relatively long history of flow metering and the multitude of improvements and new developments, a complete coverage of the subject is beyond the scope of this paper. Greater emphasis is placed on describing new developments and less conventional methods that are most usable for water resource applications and research studies, and less emphasis on older, generally familiar devices. Because of the diverse requirements in water measurement, few devices can be regarded as having no possible application. The selection of the most usable devices is somewhat arbitrary. Thus, at least passing mention will be made of most known devices for all fluids, and the reader guided to reference material for more complete coverage of a particular device or system.
Strain-reducing chemical bonding self-organizations in nanocrystalline composites and non-crystalline glasses and thin films

This article identifies a length scale for spinodal decomposition of Hf and Zr silicate alloys. This has provided important insights into chemical bonding self-organizations in non-crystalline alloys as well, in particular for the intermediate phase regime of chalcogenide alloys. Additional insights into nanolength scales for chemical bonding self-organizations; also extending into the medium range order (MRO) regime in network glasses are identified through comparisons between the first sharp diffraction peaks in oxide and chalcogenide compounds and alloys. These length scales are based on the extraction of real space correlation and coherence lengths, R and L, respectively. These comparisons have identified bond-ionicity related differences in the short range order which play a significant role in promoting differences in MRO between oxides and chalcogenides, including bulk glasses as well as thin films.
Label-free separation of human embryonic stem cells and their differentiating progenies by phasor fluorescence lifetime microscopy

We develop a label-free optical technique to image and discriminate undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from their differentiating progenies in vitro. Using intrinsic cellular fluorophores, we perform fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM) and phasor analysis to obtain hESC metabolic signatures. We identify two optical biomarkers to define the differentiation status of hESCs: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and lipid droplet-associated granules (LDAGs). These granules have a unique lifetime signature and could be formed by the interaction of reactive oxygen species and unsaturated metabolic precursor that are known to be abundant in hESC. Changes in the relative concentrations of these two intrinsic biomarkers allow for the discrimination of undifferentiated hESCs from differentiating hESCs. During early hESC differentiation we show that NADH concentrations increase, while the concentration of LDAGs decrease. These results are in agreement with a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation rate. Single-cell phasor FLIM signatures reveal an increased heterogeneity in the metabolic states of differentiating H9 and H1 hESC colonies. This technique is a promising noninvasive tool to monitor hESC metabolism during differentiation, which can have applications in high throughput analysis, drug screening, functional metabolomics and induced pluripotent stem cell generation.
Spatial and temporal variability of mesozooplankton and tintinnid ciliates in a seasonally hypersaline estuary

The zooplankton community of Mission Bay, San Diego, California, was monitored over two years, to study spatial and temporal patterns and the response of zooplankton species composition to environmental variation. Data were collected every two weeks from six stations and included hydrographic parameters, dissolved nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton and zooplankton species composition. Hydrography varied seasonally, along a spatial gradient from the mouth to the back of the bay, and between the two years around the influence of rainfall. Spatially, Mission Bay could be divided into three regions during this study based on hydrography and zooplankton species composition. Zooplankton species composition followed a predictable seasonal progression, with different groups of species being characteristic to particular times of the year. Variability in zooplankton species composition was also evident between years, as certain species were more common in one or the other year of the study. Spatial patterns were more consistent than temporal ones, and related to distance from the mouth of the bay during much of the year and distance from freshwater inlets during the relatively short rainy season. Multivariate analysis revealed that variation in zooplankton species composition was best related to measured abiotic factors (temperature, salinity, rainfall, and tidal velocity).
Conflict, Defense Spending, and the Number of Nations

Abstract This paper provides a formal model of endogenous border formation and choice of defense spending in a world with international conflict. We examine both the case of democratic governments and of dictatorships. The model is consistent with three observations. First, breakup of countries should follow a reduction in the likelihood of international conflicts. Second, the number of regional conflicts between smaller countries may increase as a result of the breakup of larger countries. Third, the size of the peace dividend (the reduction in defense spending in a more peaceful world) is limited by the process of country breakup.
Faculty Senate Leadership as a Presidential Pathway: Clear Passage or Caught in a Maze?.

Due to unprecedented numbers of retirements, community colleges are facing a crisis of senior leadership. Solving the crisis requires the examination of alternative labor pools, including current f...
Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on the distribution of complex fractionated electrograms in humans

Background Targeting of complex fractionated electrograms (CFEs) has been used as an adjunctive strategy to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether CFEs should be targeted before or after PVI. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of PVI on CFE distribution in humans. Methods We compared left atrial (LA) CFE maps acquired using the NavX system before and after PVI in patients with persistent AF. CFE maps were constructed from bipolar electrograms acquired from a circular mapping catheter. At each point, the mean AF cycle length (CL) was calculated automatically by averaging the intervals between deflections over a 4-second window. Sites with mean CL ≤120 ms were considered CFE+. Results A total of 22 consecutive patients (82% male, age 58 ± 9 years) were studied. At baseline, 47% of the LA was encompassed by electrograms with CL P P P P Conclusions In patients with persistent AF, PVI results in a significant decrease in both PV and non-PV areas of CFE. To limit extensive LA ablation, PVI should be performed before targeting CFE when a combined approach is pursued.
Interventional pain medicine: retreat from the biopsychosocial model of pain

The field of pain medicine has shifted from multidisciplinary rehabilitation to procedure-focused interventional pain medicine (IPM). Considerable controversy exists regarding the efficacy of IPM and its more narrow focus on nociception as an exclusive target of pain treatment. This topical review aims to examine pain research and treatment outcome studies that support a biopsychosocial model of pain, and to critique the clinical practice of IPM given its departure from the premises of a biopsychosocial model. A modern definition of pain and findings from clinical and basic science studies indicate that pain-related psychological factors are integral to pain perception. The clinical viability of IPM is challenged based upon its biomedical view of peripheral nociception as a primary source of pain and the potential of this viewpoint to foster maladaptive pain attributions and discourage the use of pain coping strategies among chronic pain patients. IPM should adopt a biopsychosocial perspective on pain and operate within a framework of multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation to improve its effectiveness.
A Guideline-based Approach to Asthma Management

The management of asthma has dramatically improved in recent years because of a better understanding of the disease and an organized approach to therapy. All of the various components and tools for evaluating individuals with asthma may be found in the Expert Panel Report Guidelines by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, initially published in 2007. These comprehensive guidelines help health care professionals care for individuals with asthma throughout their lifespan. This article will assist the health care provider to use these evidence-based guidelines.
Influence of polydispersity and amine–epoxide ratio on molecular mobility in epoxy networks

Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 relaxation and pulsed-gradient spin-echo diffusion experiments at 175.5°C, molecular motions of the sole and gel of several epoxies of the type diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA; Shell Epon 1007F and 1009F) cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) have been studies as a function of curative content. It was found that the fraction of protons associated with the shorter T2 component cannot be identified as the gel fraction until the substantial bimodal polymer polydispersity is accounted for in the spin relaxation model. The gel fraction and both relaxation rates have maxima near curing stoichiometry, and fall off more rapidly on the curative-poor side. The diffusion spectrum of the sol fraction was consistent with a light species (Epon 828 remnants) plus a polydisperse (Mw/Mn ≅2) heavier species, in agreement with resin and sol gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results. Numerical simulations also show that polymer polydispersity is likely to affect the interpretation of T2 relaxation found in the literature.
β-Blocker use following myocardial infarction: Low prevalence of evidence-based dosing

Background Quality improvement programs have shown increased use of β-blockers post–myocardial infarction (MI), but there are no data on whether appropriate doses are administered. Methods In a prospective registry that enrolled consecutive patients with MI, we evaluated β-blocker dosing at discharge after MI and 3 weeks later and assessed clinical predictors for treatment with very low doses. We studied 1,971 patients (70.8% male) with a mean age of 63.9 ± 13.7 years, of whom 48.2% had an ST-elevation MI. Results β-Blocker utilization rates following MI were 93.2% at discharge: 20.1% received 50% of target dose. Between discharge and 3 weeks, 76.4% had no change in β-blocker dose, with 11.9% and 11.6% having their dose reduced and increased, respectively. Absence of hypertension, acute percutaneous coronary intervention, older age, and no angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy were consistent predictors of treatment with very low β-blocker doses. Conclusions Underdosing of β-blockers is highly prevalent among patients post-MI. This represents an important opportunity in quality improvement for the care of patients who have suffered an MI.
Non-neurogenic stimulation of adrenomedullary secretion during endotoxicosis in the one day old rat

In both newborn and twenty day old rats, bacterial (S. enteritidis) endotoxin caused a marked decrease in adrenal epinephrine and norepinephrine. Catecholamine release was prevented by ganglionic blockade in 20 day old, but not 1 day old animals, indicating that the release in the neonatal rat is "non-neurogenic." The amount released was physiologically significant: equivalent to 20 micrograms/kg by i.v. administration. Two possible mechanism known to promote non-neurogenic secretion are hypoxia or histamine release, both of which can occur during endotoxicosis.
A grid - coded technique for recording 3 - dimensional scenes illuminated with ambient light

Abstract Film plane grids are used to code an image such that the resulting record is analogous to an “infocus hologram”. In this manner it is possible to record 3-dimensional scenes illuminated with normal ambient light.
Self-reported musculoskeletal complaints among garment workers

One hundred forty-four sewing machine operators answered questionnaires concerning occupational history and musculoskeletal symptoms adapted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. They were matched for age within 5 years, race, and sex with persons completing the HANES I Augmentation Survey, and the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal morbidity was compared. Operators complained significantly more often of knee pain (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 1.84, p = .0001) and knee swelling (POR = 9.98, p less than .00001), although they were no more likely to have had knee surgery. Similar increases were reported for upper-back pain (POR = 2.13, p = .002) joint ache, and joint swelling (both were significant for fingers, wrists, elbows, and shoulders at p less than .05 levels). No differences in low-back pain or in hospitalization for joint conditions were noted. Ergonomic redesign of sewing machines needs to address knee and upper-back movements as well as the arm, wrist, and finger movements.
Genomic identification of potential risk factors during acetaminophen-induced liver disease in susceptible and resistant strains of mice.

Drug-induced liver disease (DILD) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality and impair new drug development. Mounting evidence suggests that DILD is a complex, multifactorial disease in which no one factor is likely to be an absolute indicator of susceptibility. As an approach to better understand the multifactorial basis of DILD, we recently compared the hepatic proteomes of mice that were resistant (SJL) and susceptible (C57Bl/6) to APAP-induced liver disease (AILD) wherein we identified potential risk factors and mechanistic pathways responsible for DILD. In this study, we have uncovered additional potential risk factors by comparing hepatic mRNA expression profiles of the same two strains of mice with that of SJLxB6-F1 hybrid (F1) mice, which were found to be of intermediate susceptibility to AILD. Global hepatic gene expression profiling over a 24 h period following APAP treatment revealed elevated patterns in the mRNA expression of cytoprotective genes in resistant SJL mice as compared ...
Photolysis of ozone and reactions of O(1D) atoms in solid nitrogen

Abstract The photochemistry of ozone in solid mixtures with nitrogen (mole fraction, x, of ozone from 1 to 10−4) has been studied over the temperature range 9–25 K using 266 nm laser irradiation and infrared absorption spectroscopy. At high ozone concentrations (x ⩾ 0.1), the quantum yield for ozone decomposition is 2.0 ± 0.3, because each electronically excited O(1D) atom formed in the primary photolysis step reacts with a second O3 molecule. At low concentrations, the quantum yield is 0.7 ± 0.2. No significant temperature dependence of the yield is observed. The results suggest that the equilibrium geometry of an ozone molecule isolated in nitrogen favors direct cage escape of the nascent O(1D) atom. The atom may react with N2 lattice molecules to form N2O or undergo quenching to O (3P) followed by trapping in an interstitial lattice site; the branching ratio is 1:4, respectively, at 10 K. This value leads to an estimate that O(1D) encounters an average of ten N2 molecules prior to product formation.
Depth-wise differentiation of Jones matrices obtained from Mueller optical coherence tomography

A unique feature of polarization-sensitive Mueller optical coherence tomography (Mueller-OCT) is that it can reveal various polarization properties of biological samples that are not observable using conventional OCT. One of the most important polarization parameters is birefringence, which can be measured in its integrated form using existing Mueller-OCT systems. We present a new method that uses the least squares algorithm to differentiate measured integrated Jones matrices so that the samples can be observed layer-by-layer. We tested the algorithm using simulated data with variable additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) levels. We further verified the algorithm using in vitro measurements of the porcine tendon and the septum of the rat heart. This least squares-based algorithm has the potential to reveal structures previously hidden by the inherent masking properties of the integrated images and provide localized phase retardation and orientation information.