cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Humor in Eudora Welty's "The Shoe Bird.".

The only children's book written by Eudora Welty, The Shoe Bird (1964) offers teachers in the elementary grades a unique opportunity to introduce their students at an early stage in their schooling to the work of a major American author. Yet, because it has been largely ignored by reviewers and scholars alike and is currently out of print, it is almost unknown today, even to those familiar with children's literature. Following its publication, it received only sparse reviews, most of which were cordial but restrained. Helen Bevington in the New York Times Book Review called it a "delightful book," suggesting that children would love both its words and its birds. Emily Maxwell in The New Yorker, which had published a number of Welty's short stories, was more enthusiastic, describing it as a "seriocomic f an ta sy . . , fused with realism," praising its humor and asserting that, for "anything like it," one would have to look to the literature of the late Middle Ages (p. 221). However, J. B. Hardendorff in Library Journal, after criticizing its "stereotyped characterizations" and "heavy-handed moral," concluded that this "contrived story filled with inconsistencies" was "poor fare from such a talented writer of adult fiction." Most scholars have either ignored it entirely or simply noted its date of publication. In only two articles has it received even limited treatment. Jeanne R. Nostrandt suggests that a pageant of birds which Welty photographed in a Negro church in Jackson in the early 1930s was a source for The Shoe Bird, which she calls "mild satire" (pp. 113-117) , and Albert Griffith analyzes the "aggregation of friends" motif prevalent in folk and fairy tales as a structural principle underlying Welty's story.
LD Children's Attributions for Success and Failure: A Replication with a Labeled LD Sample:

Third- and fourth-grade learning disabled children's attributions for success and failure were examined. Results indicated that successes are not always interpreted by learning disabled children as...
Removal of proteases from DNase I by chromatography over agarose with covalently attached lima bean protease inhibitor

Abstract Lima bean protease inhibitor (LBI) can be convalently attached to agarose using the cyanogen bromide activation procedure. The LBI-agarose complex retains full capacity to inhibit chymotrypsin and 30% capacity to inhibit trypsin; the dissociation constant for chymotrypsin bound to LBI-agarose is 3.7 × 10 −6 m . Bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease is contaminated by 3% by weight of chymotrypsin plus chymotrypsinogen. The contaminating proteases may be removed from DNase by sequential reaction with LBI-agarose followed by filtration. The most effective method for the removal of proteases from DNase is chromatography over LBI-agarose. DNase which has been chromatographed over LBI-agarose is at least ten times more stable than DNase prepared by earlier procedures.
Effect of single and chronic thyroxine injection on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in mice.

L'effet d'une dose souscutanee de 1-Thyroxine sur des souris a jeun consiste en une augmentation progressive de la lipogenese et de la cholesterogenese hepatiques. Cette augmentation atteint 70% pour la lipogenese apres 24 h et 300–500% pour la cholesterogenese apres 24, 36 et 48 h.
Hygrothermal effects on structural stiffness and structural damping of laminated composites

In this paper the hygrothermal effects on structural stiffness and damping of laminated composites are investigated. Since the hygrothermal influence on properties of composite materials is primarily matrix dominated, we first determine experimentally the effects of temperature and moisture on the storage modulus, Poisson's ratio and material damping of the epoxy matrix. With the experimentally determined properties of the epoxy material, we then determine the complex moduli (E L * ,E T * ,G LT * andv LT * ) of unidirectional glass-epoxy and graphite-epoxy composites. The structural stiffness (extensional and flexural) and damping of symmetric angle-ply laminates of glass-epoxy and graphite-epoxy are then investigated both analytically and experimentally for temperatues of 20° C and 80° C, respectively. Three moisture contents which are the dry, saturated and a non-uniform moisture gradient states corresponding to each temperature case are considered. Numerical and limited experimental results show that the effects of moisture on the real part ofA 11 * ,A 66 * ,D 11 * andD 66 * at room temperature, 20° C, are negligible for all the considered cases. But as temperature increases, the moisture and temperature combined influence induces significant changes in the complex stiffnessA 11 * A 66 * ,D 11 * , andD 66 * especially for the matrix dominated terms.
Smoking patterns, symptoms of PTSD and depression: Preliminary findings from a sample of severely battered women

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that significantly impacts the physical and emotional well-being of women. In addition to the health risk associated with violence exposure, female victims of IPV are at increased risk of engaging in damaging health behaviors, including cigarette smoking. The present study examined patterns of cigarette smoking, using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and explored its association with sociodemographic factors, characteristics of physical, psychological, and sexual forms of IPV, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression within 62 female victims of severe battering. Fifty-eight percent of the total sample reported that they were current smokers. Within the group of current smokers, women who evidenced greater symptoms of nicotine-related physical dependence (NRPD) were more likely to be unemployed, have less education, experience more recent violence, more severe IPV-related sexual coercion, more IPV-related dominance/isolation, and more severe symptoms of PTSD and depression. In addition, greater symptoms of NRPD were significantly and positively associated with PTSD clusters of reexperiencing and arousal. Implications for these preliminary findings were discussed and directions for future research were detailed.
Interhemispheric subdural hematoma.

Abstract A case of interhemispheric subdural hematoma (ISH) following closed head injury is reported. Our patient had seizures and mental status changes. Cranial computed tomography (CT) demonstrated areas of increased density along the right side of the faix cerebri and over the right leaf of the tentorium cerebelli. Conservative treatment was chosen and the patient recovered. Ten other patients with ISH were compared with ours. Head injury is the leading cause of ISH. Most patients display confusion, lethargy, or a “falx syndrome,” with a delayed interval of prominent neurological deficits from the time of injury until presentation. Although patients with ISH can be successfully treated by medical management, surgical intervention may be required.
Adsorption and desorption of bivalent metals to hematite nanoparticles

The use of commercially prepared hematite nanoparticles (37.0 nm) was studied as an adsorbent in the removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions. Single-metal adsorption was studied as a function of metal and adsorbent concentrations, whereas binary metal competition was found to be dependent on the molar ratio between the competing metals. Competitive effects indicated that Pb had strong homogenous affinity to the nanohematite surface, and decreased adsorption of Cd, Cu, and Zn occurred when Pb was present in a binary system. Metal adsorption strength to nanohematite at pH 6.0 increased with metal electronegativity: Pb > Cu > Zn ∼ Cd. Equilibrium modeling revealed that the Langmuir–Freundlich composite isotherm adequately described the adsorption and competitive effects of metals to nanohematite, whereas desorption was best described by the Langmuir isotherm. The desorption of metals from nanohematite was found to be pH dependent, with pH 4.0 > pH 6.0 > pH 8.0, and results showed that greater than 65% desorption was achieved at pH 4.0 within three 24-h cycles for all metals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:86–92. © 2011 SETAC
Thermal expansion behavior of nylon 6 nanocomposites

The linear thermal expansion behavior of nanocomposites was measured and compared with the theory by Chow. Nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing organically modified montmorillonite with high and low molecular weight (LMW) grades of nylon 6 using a twin screw extruder. Thermal expansion measurements were made on samples taken from injection-molded Izod bars in the flow direction (FD), transverse direction (TD), and normal direction (ND). Addition of clay reduces the thermal expansion coefficient in both FD and TD while an increase is seen in ND; FD has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than TD. The latter suggests non-uniform orientation of exfoliated platelets about FD, since perfect alignment of disk-like platelets in an isotropic matrix must yield identical expansion coefficients for both FD and TD. High molecular weight (HMW) nylon 6 nanocomposites resulted in lower thermal expansion than LMW nylon 6 nanocomposites at the same organoclay content. This difference was attributed to the higher aspect ratio of particles (better exfoliation) in HMW nylon 6 nanocomposites. Thermal expansion coefficients predicted from a theoretical composite model were compared to the experimental data. Platelet aspect ratios deduced in this way were found to be dependent on the specimen direction, which further suggests imperfect orientation of particles about FD. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy support the conclusions drawn above.
Photoactivatable Quantum Dots in Super-Resolution 3D Microscopy of Myofibrils

To image the relationships between immune-labeled myofibrilar proteins at sub-diffraction-limited resolutions, highly photostable quantum dots were chemically modified to make them photoactivatable. Although previous reports have used photoactivation of cyanine dyes and GFP variants for 2D super-resolution microscopy, photoactivatable quantum dots (PAQ dots) have sufficient brightness and photostability to enable 3D acquisitions of signals from individual quantum dots. The chemical synthesis of PAQ dots caused only minor changes in the spectroscopic properties and brightness of the activated PAQ dots relative to unmodified quantum dots as assessed by fluorescence lifetime imaging of single quantum dots. The PAQ dots were conjugated to Fab fragments for immunostaining of myofibrils. After optimizing conditions so that a balance between photoactivation and photobleaching of the PAQ dots occurred during 3D acquisition in a spinning disk confocal microscope, 3D images of individual quantum dots were reduced to the 3D center of mass and accumulated until sufficient data for a full image was generated. Initial results demonstrate sub-diffraction resolutions in XY and even more striking resolution improvements in Z. The superresolution images reveal finer structural details in the myofibrils than conventional confocal imaging. Unlike electron microscopy, all measurements are made in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the ability to make PAQ dots with a variety of emission wavelengths enables multicolor 3D labeling that can be used for protein mapping at super-resolutions in myofibrils and other samples.
Validity of exit interviews in retailing

Abstract Employee turnover is a costly and destructive phenomenon in retailing. Retailers typically experience anywhere from 25% to 75% annual turnover of staff. Reduction of turnover can have direct effects on the bottom line. Exit interviews are common means by which retailers try to understand why their employees are leaving. Such information can then be used to intervene and reduce turnover. In this study the validity of exit interview information was assessed by comparing reasons for leaving given by employees on the exit interview and in follow-up surveys. Results clearly showed that the information from exit interviews is suspect. Actions and interventions based on this invalid information is counter productive at worst and misleading at best.
A prospective microbiologic surveillance program to detect and prevent the transfusion of bacterially contaminated platelets

After two patients received bacterially contaminated platelet transfusions, a prospective surveillance program was instituted to perform Gram staining and microbiologic culturing of platelets at the time of transfusion. In 12 months, 3141 random-donor platelet pools (prepared from 14,481 units) and 2476 single-donor apheresis units were cultured. All single-donor apheresis units were sterile, but 6 (0.19%) of the random-donor pools were found to be bacterially contaminated, with 1 unit of 5 in the pool being the source in each case. Contaminants were Staphylococcus epidermidis (4 cases), Bacillus cereus (1), and Staphylococcus aureus (1) at counts of 0.5 × 10(2) to 10(11) colony-forming units per mL in platelet pools and 10(3) to 10(13) colony-forming units per mL in source units. The contamination rate for units transfused at < or = 4 days (1.8/10,000) was significantly lower than that at 5 days (11.9/10,000; p < 0.05), as was the magnitude of contamination (p < 0.05). Use of the pretransfusion Gram stain on 4- and 5-day-old platelet pools was 100 percent sensitive (4/4 true positives) and 99.93 percent specific (1 false positive) in detecting contaminated pools. These data define the extent and magnitude of platelet bacterial contamination and demonstrate the efficacy of the pretransfusion Gram stain on platelet units stored for 4 and 5 days in preventing the transfusion of heavily contaminated units. It is concluded that the risk of platelet contamination is related to the duration of component storage. Transfusion services can minimize this risk by selecting shorter platelet outdates or by screening 4- and 5-day-old platelets with a pretransfusion Gram stain.
Parental Correlates of Socially Neglected, Rejected, and Average Children A Laboratory Study

The present study examined the relationship between parent-child interaction and a child's social status. A sample of children was screened to identify three groups rated as neglected, rejected, or average by both peer and teacher nomination. Children were observed interacting with their mothers while working on a cooperative task. Parent behaviors were coded for commands, suggestions, explanations, questions, and praise. Results indicated that relative to parents of neglected and rejected children, parents of average youngsters emitted significantly more commands, suggestions, explanations, questions, and praise. These findings suggest that a relationship may exist between parent behavior and children's social status. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Cellular transforming genes

Cellular genes potentially capable of inducing oncogenic transformation have been identified by homology to the transforming genes of retroviruses and by the biological activity of cellular DNA's in transfection assays. DNA's of various tumors induce transformation with high efficiencies, indicating that oncogenesis can involve dominant genetic alterations resulting in activation of cellular transforming genes. The identification and characterization of cellular transforming genes and their possible involvement in naturally occurring cancers, is discussed.
Influence of Pyridoxine, Inositol, and Biotin on Susceptibility of Swiss Mice to Experimental Poliomyelitis.

SummaryThe influence of pyridoxine, inositol, and biotin deficiencies on the susceptibility of mice to experimental poliomyelitis has been studied in more than 1400 animals. No striking or consistent difference with reference to susceptibility to either Lansing strain poliomyelitis or Theiler's encephalomyelitis was noted between animals fed diets deficient or optimum in these vitamins.
SPECT imaging of the benzodiazepine receptor: autoradiographic comparison of receptor density and radioligand distribution.

SPECT imaging of benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor using the antagonist [123I]iomazenil in nonhuman primates was correlated with ex vivo autoradiography and in vitro receptor autoradiography of postmortem tissue sections taken at the time of maximal brain uptake of the radiotracer. Cryostat sections prepred from brain tissue blocks at the orientation of the SPECT imaging plane showed high activity in gray matter regions, with gray to white matter ratios of greater than 30:1. After at least one week decay of 123I, these same tissue sections were used to localize and quantify the distribution of BZ receptors with the standard technique of in vitro receptor autoradiography using [125I]iomazenil. The ex vivo autoradiographic distribution of activity was highly correlated (r = 0.89) with the distribution of BZ receptors, although a few brain regions showed reproducible discrepancies between ex vivo and in vitro results. The ex vivo autoradiograms provided quantitative data from a realistic “biological phantom,” which may be used to assess the accuracy of image reconstruction and to investigate differences between the distribution of an intravenously (i. v.) administered tracer and that of its target in brain tissue. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electronic structure studies of YBa2Cu3Ox(6.2≤×≤6.9) using angle-resolved photoemission

Abstract Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission, the electronic structure of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x is examined when oxygen stoichiometries are varied in the range 6.2≤×≤6.9. Detailed measurements of the Fermi surface for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.9 are presented and are compared with predictions of band theory. In the metallic region of the phase diagram, changes in the Fermi surfaces are measured as a function of oxygen stoichiometry. The electronic structure is monitored as the oxide changes from a metal to a semiconductor with additional oxygen depletion. For intermediate stoichiometries, effects of oxygen-vacancy ordering are considered. Unusual resonant effects observed at several photon energies are examined as the oxygen content is varied.
What do we know about self-similarity in fluid turbulence?

The evidence is reviewed on the statistical behavior of the small-scale fluctuations in high-Reynolds-number fluid turbulence. The qualitative phenomenological information is summarized and the predictions of the 1941 Kolmogorov theory are reviewed. Then direct numerical simulation and its role in suggesting dynamical mechanisms are briefly discussed. Finally, the evidence on the multifractal structure of the dissipation field is reviewed. It is concluded that the experimental evidence for some kind of dynamical self-similarity is strong, but that there has been essentially no progress in fundamental theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Brush-first and click: efficient synthesis of nanoparticles that degrade and release doxorubicin in response to light.

New strategies for the synthesis of multifunctional particles that respond to external stimuli and release biologically relevant agents will enable the discovery of new formulations for drug delivery. In this article, we combine two powerful methods: brush-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization and copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, for the synthesis of a novel class of brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) that simultaneously degrade and release the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) in response to 365 nm light. In vitro cell viability studies were performed to study the toxicity of azide- and DOX-loaded BASPs. The former were completely nontoxic. The latter showed minimal toxicity in the absence of light; UV-triggered DOX release led to IC_(50) values that were similar to that of free DOX.
JOB CHANGE DECISIONS FOR MANAGERS IN ALABAMA STATE GOVERNMENT: A COMPARISON BY GENDER

A survey was conducted of women and men in middle and upper level management positions in Alabama state government. This analysis probes their motivation for changing jobs as their careers developed. The results provide insights about recruitment and retention of public managers.
400 - A reexamination of the temperature dependence of spectral bands in the 600–780 nm region of cytochrome c

Abstract Over the range of 12 to 50°C, the total oscillator strength of 697 ± 2 nm band of cytochrome c remains constant. Previous studies of the temperature lability of cytochrome c which relied solely on peak height as a measure of ligand integrity are suspect since, concomitant with a decrease in peak height, slight broadening also occurs, such that the total integrated intensity of the band remains constant. These results indicate that the methionine-80 residue of cytochrome c remains as a ligand, and that based solely on the “695” nm band, no isomerism can be detected spectroscopically between 12 and 50°C. In addition, a previously unreported band centered at 650 ± 4 nm was detected by computer analysis of this spectral region.
Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 may predict methamphetamine related heart failure.

AbstractBackground. Methamphetamine (METH) has been associated with a dilated cardiomyopathy. The first and rate-limiting step of metabolism is dependent on the polymorphic enzyme CYP2D6. Objectives. To evaluate if polymorphisms in CYP2D6 can be associated with the development of a methamphetamine-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods. We performed a prospective case-control pilot study. Cases were defined by a urinary drug screen positive for amphetamine and evidence of heart failure by beta natriuretic peptide (BNP) greater than 300 pg/ml and symptoms of heart failure. Controls were defined with urinary drug screens positive for amphetamines but without evidence of heart failure defined by a BNP lesser than 300 pg/ml or symptoms of heart failure. Exclusion criteria were less than 18 years or greater than 60 years of age, urinary toxicology screen positive for additional stimulants, known coronary artery disease (CAD) defined by greater than 50% stenosis on catheterization or previous myocardial infarction, kn...
Interpreting cross-cultural replications of brand extension research

Abstract A replication in New Zealand by Sunde and Brodie of one portion of the Aaker and Keller 1990 brand extension research supports some of the results of the latter. However, Aaker and Keller's finding that extension evaluations would be a function of (1) the interaction of the core brand perceived quality and extension fit and (2) perceptions of the difficulty of making the extension product does not emerge in the replication. This comment clarifies the quality fit interaction noting that it depends upon the amount of stretch that is involved in the extension. In addition, other possible explanations for the apparent discrepancy such as differences in procedure, stimuli, and culture are discussed.
Hydoroil-Based Micro Pin Fin Heat Sink

An experimental study on thermal-hydraulic performance of de-ionized water over a bank of shrouded NACA 66-021 hydrofoil micro pin fins with wetted perimeter of 1030-μm and chord thickness of 100 μm has been performed. Average heat transfer coefficients have been obtained over effective heat fluxes ranging from 4.0 to 308 W/cm2 and mass velocities from 134 to 6600 kg/m2 s. The experimental data is reduced to the Nusselt numbers, Reynolds numbers, total thermal resistances, and friction factors in order to determine the thermal-hydraulic performance of the heat sink. It has been found that prodigious hydrodynamic improvement can be obtained with the hydrofoil-based micro pin fin heat sink compared to the circular pin fin device. Fluid flow over pin fin heat sinks comprised from hydrofoils yielded radically lower thermal resistances than circular pin fins for a similar pressure drop.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Precessional dynamics of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles driven by small ac magnetic fields

The magnetic and mechanical dynamics of nanometre-sized magnetic particles with a uniaxial anisotropy excited by ac magnetic fields is studied using the classical theory approach in the Lagrangian formalism. Through the magnetic anisotropy between the magnetic moment and the lattice, the nanoparticle is coupled with the magnetic moment and then driven into a mechanical precession mode by the ac magnetic fields. Mechanical resonance can be achieved along with the magnetic resonance at frequencies and with resonance amplitudes that depend strongly upon both the magnetic and the mechanical properties of the nanoparticles. The dynamics manifests itself in magnetic susceptibility and energy dissipation, which are discussed in great detail in this article.
Increasing Accessibility in Couple and Family Therapy Training: Incorporating Universal Design for Instruction

In the last three decades the number of US graduate students with disabilities has increased exponentially. Institutions of higher education have responded by developing and implementing multiple programs and initiatives to meet the needs of this population. One initiative, Universal Design for Instruction (UDI), is believed to have considerable promise. There is a lack of marriage and family therapy (MFT) literature on how to develop and implement pedagogical strategies for students with disabilities and diverse learning styles. Thus, UDI has the potential to enable MFT educators to increasingly foster inclusivity and provide accessible educational experiences for all students, including those with disabilities. When correctly incorporated UDI should diminish the need for individualized accommodations and increase the accessibility of courses and clinical training. We provide a synopsis of the history and philosophy of UDI and describe strategies for applying its nine principles to MFT education.
Coulomb correlations and two-photon spectra of conjugated polymers

Abstract Electron—electron correlations in conjugated polymers are shown to produce weak two-photon absorption (TPA) below the one-photon gap Eg and intense TPA above Eg. TPA intensities vary strongly with the alternation δ of transfer integrals t(1 ± δ) and with U/t in Hubbard models. Pariser—Parr—Pople (PPP) models reconcile TPA spectra of conjugated molecules and polymers.
Another miracle left in aspirin

In this issue of Blood, Stables et al provide new insight into how immunoregulation by prostaglandins influences 2 important challenges to human health: severe infections causing sepsis and the rise of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacterial pathogens.11
Effect of shortened photoperiods on pineal serotonin n‐acetyltransferase activity and rhythmicity

Abstract Adult male albino rats were acclimated to shortened light/dark (L/D) photoperiods (L/D:1/4/23 3/4 or L/D.2/22) concurrently with rats maintained in a L/D: 14/10 photoperiodic cycle. The activity and rhythmicity of pineal serotonin N‐acetyl‐transferase (NAT) was examined in the rats maintained in the shortened photoperiod at 4‐hr intervals for 24 hrs and compared to pineal NAT activity in rats maintained in a L/D:14/10 photoperiod. The results indicate that NAT activity exhibits a refractory period to darkness. During the refractory period the pineal NAT activity is approximately coincident with the period of minimal NAT activity exhibited by rats during the light period in a L/D:14/10 photoperiod. At the end of the refractory period there exists a dramatic rise in NAT activity reaching a peak at 04.00 hr which is 110–130 fold greater than the level during either the light phase or the refractory period. This zenith of NAT activity in rats maintained in shortened photoperiods is approximately 2 fo...
Male to female surgery: a new contribution to operative technique.

From January of 1989 to November of 1991, 25 patients, aged from 19 to 39 years, have been treated using one-stage male to female sex reassignment surgery. The operative technique involved orchiectomy, penectomy, clitoroplasty, urethroplasty, vaginoplasty, psudocervicoplasty, and vulvoplasty. The main and original procedure of the technique presents formation of a vagina. The new vagina consists of two segments, the vascularized urethal flap and vascularized island tube skin flapn formed from the penile body skin. The urethal segment of the vagina provides moisture to the new vagina
Data base decomposition in a hierarchical computer system

The design of a distributed data base for a hierarchical computer system is investigated. If the transmission cost and storage cost can be calculated from linear cost functions, a data base can be decomposed based upon a simple figure of merit. Moreover, each file can be allocated individually. When the cost functions are nonlinear, a file allocation algorithm is proposed to allocate files which again is based upon a simple figure of merit. The decomposition problem for completely decentralized data bases is also considered.
Magnetic circular dichroism measurements of benzene in the 9-eV region with synchrotron radiation

The magnetic circular dichroism and absorption spectra of gaseous benzene were measured using the fourmeter normal incidence monochromator and the Aladdin storage ring at the Synchrotron Radiation Center,University of Wisconsin-Madison. This is an extension of benzene magnetic circular dichroism measurements tohigher energies than was previously possible. The magnetic circular dichroism gives additional information about theelectronic structure of benzene. An initial interpretation of the magnetic circular dichroism results are presented andcompared to proposed assignments.Various methods for extending to higher energies circular dichroism and other measurements which need asource of intense variably polarized electromagnetic radiation are summarized. Plans for extension of measurementsto higher energies are also described.2. INTRODUCTIONMagnetic circular dichroism is a powerful method for obtaining the symmetry of transitions. The use ofsynchrotron radiation allows magnetic circular dichroism measurements (and natural circular dichroism) to be carriedout at higher energies than was previously possible. 14
Primary pulmonary lymphoma.

Background Primary pulmonary lymphoma is a rare disease. The clinical characteristics, methods of treatment, and outcomes are not well elucidated. Methods A retrospective review of primary pulmonary lymphoma cases at a single institution from 1990 to 2002 was performed. Results Eighteen patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. Fourteen patients had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, 2 had large cell transformation of sheet cells in MALT lymphoma, and 1 each had Hodgkin's disease and follicular lymphoma. Computed tomography-guided biopsy was diagnostic in only two of eight attempts. Eleven patients had disease confined to the pulmonary parenchyma, and 7 had parenchymal disease as well as mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Treatment methods included observation only (n = 1), surgery only (n = 6), surgery plus chemotherapy (n = 8), surgery plus radiotherapy (n = 1), and surgery plus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (n = 2). Kaplan-Meier estimate of median time to disease recurrence or death was 6 years. Only 1 patient died of disease-related causes. Patients who had bilateral disease were more likely to have recurrent disease or death (p = 0.03). Conclusions A wide range of treatments were used for patients with generally MALT lymphoma, resulting in good outcomes, and recurrent disease was well controlled.
Interactions among irradiance, nutrients, and herbivores constrain a stream algal community.

Using stream-side, flow-through channels, I tested for the effects of nutrients (NU) (nitrogen plus phosphorus), irradiance (L), and snail grazing (G) on a benthic algal community in a small, forested stream. Grazed communities were-dominated by a chlorophyte (basal cells ofStigeoclonium) and a cyanophyte (Chamaesiphon investiens), whereas ungrazed communities were comprised almost entirely of diatoms, regardless of nutrient and light levels. Snails maintained low algal biomass in all grazed treatments, presumably by consuming increased algal production in treatments to which L and NU were increased. When nutrients were increased, cellular nutrient content increased under ambient conditions (shaded, grazed) and biomass and productivity increased when snails were removed and light was increased. Together, nutrients and light had positive effects and grazing had negative effects on biomass (chlorophylla, AFDM, algal biovolume) and chlorophyll-and areal-specific productivity in ANOVAs. However, in most cases, only means from treatments in which all three factors were manipulated (ungrazed, +NUL effects of single factors were generally undetectable. These results indicate that all three factors simultaneously limited algal biomass and productivity in this stream during the summer months. Additionally, the effects of these factors in combination were in some cases different from the effects of single factors. For example, light had slight negative effects on some biomass parameters when added at ambient snail densities and nutrient concentrations, but had strong positive effects in conjunction with nutrient addition and snail removal. This study demonstrates that algal biomass and productivity can be under multiple constraints by irradiance, nutrients, and herbivores and indicates the need to employ multifactor experiments to test for such interactive effects.
Treated and Untreated Acid Mine Drainage Effects on Stream Periphyton Biomass, Leaf Decomposition, and Macroinvertebrate Diversity

We studied the effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) on three key stream properties and functions. Four streams from each of three categories (AMD, treated AMD, and reference) were selected randomly ...
Equivalence of the theories of nervous excitation of Hill, Monnier, and Rashevsky

New and direct proofs of the equivalence of the three theories of nervous excitation are developed, and by the introduction of theHauptnutzzeit as the unit of time and a special unit for the measurement of the excitatory state, a normal form for Rashevsky's equations is obtained which exhibits clearly the relations among the various independent parameters.
Extended BPH renormalization of cutoff scalar field theories.

We show through the use of diagrammatic techniques and a newly adapted BPH renormalization method that general momentum cutoff scalar field theories in four dimensions are perturbatively renormalizable. Weinberg{close_quote}s convergence theorem is used to show that operators in the Lagrangian with dimension greater than four, which are divided by powers of the cutoff, produce perturbatively only local divergences in the two-, three-, and four-point correlation functions. The naive use of the convergence theorem together with the BPH method is not appropriate for understanding the local divergences and renormalizability of these theories. We also show that the renormalized Green{close_quote}s functions are the same as in ordinary {Phi}{sup 4} theory up to corrections suppressed by inverse powers of the cutoff. These conclusions are consistent with those of existing proofs based on the renormalization group. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Planned Change Projects in Academic Advising: A NACADA Research Grant Report

Two thirds of the respondents to a survey of NACADA members reported planned changes in academic advising underway at their institutions. The projects were perceived to have positive results, including enhanced perception of the value of academic advising among faculty and administrators.
The association between changes in alternative reinforcers and short-term smoking cessation.

Background While more than 50% of smokers make a serious quit attempt each year, less than 10% quit permanently. Evidence from studies of adolescent smoking and other substances of abuse suggest that alternative reinforcers, a construct of Behavioral Economic Theory, may contribute to the likelihood of smoking cessation in adults. This study examined the behavioral economics of smoking cessation within a smoking cessation clinical trial and evaluated how depressive symptoms and behavioral economic variables are associated with smoking cessation.
Triggerable plasmalogen liposomes: improvement of system efficiency

A photoactivated liposome release system that is generally applicable for triggered release of encapsulated hydrophilic materials is described. This approach to phototriggered release, derived from the known effects of plasmalogen photooxidation on membrane permeability in whole cells and model membrane systems, relies on producing a lamellar phase change or increase in permeability upon cleaving its constitutive lipids to single-chain surfactants using 630–820 nm light to sensitive the photooxidation of the plasmalogen vinyl ether linkage. Semi-synthetic plasmenylcholine liposomes containing encapsulated calcein and a membrane-bound sensitizer, such as zinc phthalocyanine, tin octabutoxyphthalocyanine, or bacteriochlorophyll a, were prepared by extrusion. Irradiation of air-saturated liposome solutions enhanced membrane permeability toward calcein and Mn2+, and promoted membrane fusion processes compared to non-irradiated or anaerobic controls. Bacteriochlorophyll a sensitization produced the fastest observed photoinitiated release rate from these liposomes (100% calcein release in less than 20 min; 800 nm irradiation at 300 mW); the observed release rate was two orders of magnitude slower for egg lecithin liposomes prepared and irradiated under identical experimental conditions. Liposome aggregation, interlipidic particle formation, and membrane fusion between adjoining liposomes was observed by31P-NMR, freeze-fracture/freeze-etch TEM, and cryo-TEM as a function of irradiation time. The use of near-infrared sensitizers and the capacity of photolyzed plasmenyl-choline liposomes to undergo membrane fusion processes make photodynamic therapy with these liposome-borne sensitizers an attractive adjunct to biochemical targeting methods.
Isolation and Characterization of the DNA and Protein Binding Activities of Adenovirus Core Protein V

ABSTRACT The structure of adenovirus outer capsid was revealed recently at 3- to 4-A resolution (V. Reddy, S. Natchiar, P. Stewart, and G. Nemerow, Science 329:1071–1075, 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1187292); however, precise details on the function and biochemical and structural features for the inner core still are lacking. Protein V is one the most important components of the adenovirus core, as it links the outer capsid via association with protein VI with the inner DNA core. Protein V is a highly basic protein that strongly binds to DNA in a nonspecific manner. We report the expression of a soluble protein V that exists in monomer-dimer equilibrium. Using reversible cross-linking affinity purification in combination with mass spectrometry, we found that protein V contains multiple DNA binding sites. The binding sites from protein V mediate heat-stable nucleic acid associations, with some of the binding sites possibly masked in the virus by other core proteins. We also demonstrate direct interaction between soluble proteins V and VI, thereby revealing the bridging of the inner DNA core with the outer capsid proteins. These findings are consistent with a model of nucleosome-like structures proposed for the adenovirus core and encapsidated DNA. They also suggest an additional role for protein V in linking the inner nucleic acid core with protein VI on the inner capsid shell. IMPORTANCE Scant knowledge exists of how the inner core of adenovirus containing its double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome and associated proteins is organized. Here, we report a purification scheme for a recombinant form of protein V that allowed analysis of its interactions with the nucleic acid core region. We demonstrate that protein V exhibits stable associations with dsDNA due to the presence of multiple nucleic acid binding sites identified both in the isolated recombinant protein and in virus particles. As protein V also binds to the membrane lytic protein VI molecules, this core protein may serve as a bridge from the inner dsDNA core to the inner capsid shell.
On the persistence of lackluster demand—the history of the video telephone

Abstract Some radically new, technological products soar smoothly from introduction to stunning market growth, just as textbooks say they should. However, that is not always the case, nor is it even the most likely outcome. The case of the videophone is an extreme one to be sure but it offers six important lessons that apply to many other radically new technological products: (1) not every new technology leads to stunning market success; (2) just because the press says it will, does not mean it will; (3) growth often takes longer than expected; (4) growth often reaches lower levels than expected; (5) technological convergence is not a certainty; and (6) innovations involving complex systems face more hurdles to market acceptance than “stand-alone” innovations.
Measurement of hydroxylysine glycosides in urine and its application to spinal cord injury

A new technique to evaluate the degradation of skin or bone collagen by measuring glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine and galactosyl hydroxylysine is presented. The method utilizes an automated amino acid analyzer. Eluents used are lithium buffers, and the color reagent is ninhydrin. Both glycosides elute in 3.5 h. Samples require minimum preparation. Urinary concentrations of both glycosides in ten patients with cervical spinal cord injuries of less than six months duration were higher than in five healthy controls. Proportional increases were different for each of the two glycosides. Variations in the proportional increase of each glycoside indicate different rates of degradation of skin and bone collagen. Repeated evaluations of the two urinary glycosides may help to predict whether patients are likely to develop skin- or bone-related clinical complications.
Constructing class boundaries: Gender and shared computing

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been referred to as the dasiathe great equalizerpsila between men and women. Our research in India and Chile explores how gender and class identities intersect with ICTs in the context of shared computing environments with telecenters. Our study indicates that although these shared use projects are implemented in the name of targeting poor women, an dasiaemerging middle classpsila of women, such as stay at home mothers and young unmarried women are one of the dominant user groups in these telecenters. Women are constructing identities, trying to cross perceived class boundaries, and maintaining middle class positions through the use of ICTs and their symbolic value. This symbolic value becomes tied to linear notions and aspirations of progress, advancement, and upward mobility.
Handedness and right-left discrimination.

The right-left discrimination skills of 83 children aged six, eight and ten years were evaluated. For each of the three age groups the performance of the right-handed children on a right-left discrimination test, was compared with that of the left-handed children. Eight-year-old right-handed children were found to perform significantly better at this task than their eight-year-old left-handed counterparts. There were no differences at six years or ten years of age. The groups of right and left-handed children were comparable with respect to intelligence and parental occupation. The results suggest that the left-handed children are at greater risk for right-left confusion, especially at age eight when right-left discrimination skills are developing. This finding has important educational implications. The methods of scoring right-left discrimination tests are also discussed.
Comparison of Methods for Species-Tree Inference in the Sawfly Genus Neodiprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Conifer-feeding sawflies in the genus Neodiprion provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the origin and maintenance of barriers to reproduction, but obtaining a phylogenetic estimate for comparative studies of Neodiprion specia- tion has proved difficult. Specifically, nonmonophyly within and discordance between individual gene trees, both of which arecommoningroupsthatdivergedrecentlyand/orrapidly,makeitimpossibletoinferaspeciestreeusingmethodsthatare designed to estimate gene trees. Therefore, in this study, we estimate relationships between members of the lecontei species group using four approaches that are intended to estimate species, not gene, trees: (1) minimize deep coalescences (MDC), (2) shallowest divergences (SD), (3) Bayesian estimation of species trees (BEST), and (4) a novel approach that combines concatenation with monophyly constraints (CMC). Multiple populations are sampled for most species and all four methods incorporate this intraspecific variation into estimates of interspecific relationships. We investigate the sensitivity of each method to taxonomic sampling, and, for the BEST method, we assess the impact of prior choice on species-tree inference. We also compare species-tree estimates to one another and to a morphologically based hypothesis to identify clades that are supported by multiple analyses and lines of evidence. We find that both taxonomic sampling and method choice impact species-tree estimates and that, for these data, the BEST method is strongly influenced by ! and branch-length priors. We also find that the CMC method is the least sensitive to taxonomic sampling. Finally, although interspecific genetic variation is low due to the recent divergence of the lecontei group, our results to date suggest that incomplete lineage sorting and interspecific gene flow are the main factors complicating species-tree inference in Neodiprion. Based on these analyses, we propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the lecontei group. Finally, our results suggest that, even for very challenging groups like Neodiprion ,a n underlying species-tree signal can be extracted from multi-locus data as long as intraspecific variation is adequately sampled and methods that focus on the estimation of species trees are used. (Bayesian estimation of species trees(BEST);concatenationwithmonophylyconstraints(CMC);gene-treediscordance;hybridization;introgression;lineage sorting; minimize deep coalescences (MDC); shallowest divergences (SD).) Comparative methods have the potential to detect and explain generalities in the way organisms diversify; however, their successful application to these questions requires a priori evolutionary hypotheses, well-chosen studyorganisms,androbustphylogeneticestimates.The first two requirements are met by conifer sawflies in the genus Neodiprion Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Because they are strict host specialists and mate on their host plant, multiple authors have argued that sympatric hostraceformationmaybecommoninNeodiprion(Ghent
Optimization of image registration and application to human disc mechanics with nucleotomy

Introduction: Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) is an image registration program that has been validated for analysis of several tissues, but not previously applied to the disc. The objectives of this study were to optimize ANTs for disc image registration and to validate ANTs strain measurements by comparison with Vic2D, a commercially available software previously applied to quantify disc strain, before and after nucleotomy. Methods: Human lumbar motion segments (n=5) underwent 1000 N compression before and after nucleotomy and MR images were acquired in a reference and deformed state. Image overlap statistics were used to select mapping parameters, and strain analysis was used to select the optimal number of splines. Once the optimal registration method was selected (elastic mapping, 0.01 outlier, 6×6 splines), axial and radial strains were measured in the AAF, PAF, and IVD. Results: Excellent overlap statistics were achieved. No significant differences were found for strains calculated with ANTs and Vic2D (p≥0.35). With nucleotomy, the axial compressive strain increased in the PAF (p=0.04) and there was a trend towards decrease in radial strain (p=0.07). Discussion: ANTs is an accurate and powerful tool to calculate disc strains from MR images.