cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High speed focus control capability of electrostatic-pneumatic MEMS deformable mirrors

MEMS deformable mirrors are versatile elements for optical focus control. Electrostatic-pneumatic actuation of the mirrors offers relatively large membrane stroke to increase focus range. Moreover, this novel actuation method provides high speed focus control with either positive or negative focus. The speed of focusing is dependent on membrane tension, membrane size, air channel configuration, and the size of the backchamber. A 3 mm diameter mirror with 5 mm diameter actuator membrane achieves 30 kHz bandwidth with electrostatic actuation and 8 kHz bandwidth with pneumatic actuation. The settling time of the step response for both electrostatic and pneumatic actuation is approximately 100μs.
Model screening metrics for thermal models of substation distribution transformers

Dynamic loading of transformers is the term used when the loading capacity is calculated using an appropriate thermal model while taking into account the load magnitude, load shape, thermal limits and external cooling conditions. For transformer dynamic loading, the aim is to estimate the transformer's maximum dynamic loading capacity without violating the hottest-spot temperature (HST) and top-oil temperature (TOT) thermal limits. These two temperatures are proxy measures of insulation temperature, which can be used to estimate the loss of service life. The accuracy of the TOT and HST predictions is dependent on many things, central to which is the accuracy of the thermal model. This paper introduces metrics that can be used to differentiate between reliable and unreliable transformer thermal models. The two models discussed in this paper for HST and TOT are the non-linear IEEE model and the model developed by the authors using linear regression methods.
Plasmodium yoelii: Splenectomy Alters the Antibody Responses of Infected Mice

The antibody response to Plasmodium yoelii is altered in splenectomized mice. Sera were obtained from sham-operated or splenectomized DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice on Days 11, 18, and 24 after infection with nonlethal P. yoelii 17x and used to precipitate metabolically radiolabeled parasite antigens. Mice of both strains responded to many antigens. However, only splenectomized DBA/2 mice made strong antibody responses to antigens of approximately 110, 56, 50, 40, 35, and 20 kDa. Metabolically radiolabeled parasite extracts prepared in sham-operated and splenectomized mice appeared identical on SDS-PAGE. Thus it is unlikely that expression of new parasite antigens in splenectomized DBA/2 mice accounts for these results. Parasite-reactive IgM and IgG antibody responses were also modulated by splenectomy. Levels of IgM increased in splenectomized DBA/2 mice and decreased in C57BL/6 mice. Both mouse strains had slight to moderate increases in IgG when infected after splenectomy. The results suggest that when the spleen is present, responses to specific antigens are markedly suppressed. Alternatively, it is possible that in the absence of a spleen, antigen processing and presentation occurs in other tissues such as the lymph nodes or liver, leading to responses that are qualitatively different than those which occur when the spleen is present.
Interrelationship of Triiodothyronine Concentration, Metabolism, Protein Binding, and Nuclear Occupancy in the Induction of Malic Enzyme by Cultured Adult Rat Hepatocytes*

We have previously demonstrated the utility of the cultured adult rat hepatocyte system for the study of the induction of malic enzyme by T3. Although such induction could be demonstrated with medium both containing and lacking serum proteins, we noted that an 11-fold higher initial free T3 concentration was required to achieve a given level of enzyme induction when serum was absent from the medium. Since it appeared possible that this phenomenon might be related to an accelerated rate of T3 metabolism in the absence of serum, we undertook a theoretical and experimental analysis to assess the effect of reversible serum binding on both the rate of T3 metabolism and the rate of malic enzyme generation. We developed a mathematical model based on the provisional assumption that the medium proteins act exclusively through the reversible binding of T3. This allowed us to predict a number of parameters of metabolism and distribution as a function of serial protein dilution. Thus, as predicted by the model, seria...
Controlled wide-range quadrature phase-shift network

A system is described which produces a 90° phase shift for a wide range of single-frequency input signals. Thus, whilst it will not handle wideband input signals, it may be useful for such applications as N-path and quadrature modulation filters where the provision of variable-frequency quadrature carrier signals allows the position of the passband to be continuously altered. In practice the phase shift through the system can be maintained at 90° ±0.15° for a 10: 1 range of signal frequencies.
Trends in industrial markets for fats and oils and derivatives

During the past decade, research by industry and government has developed numerous new chemical markets for fats and oils derivatives. Lower prices for competitive raw materials have forced some of these new products into specialty markets. Economic factors, such as the continual growth of the chemical industry, population increases, and high consumer demand, have allowed for steady growth in the fat-derivative market. New fat-type plasticizers are currently consuming about 60 million pounds of fats annually. Synthetic lubricants will probably be consuming 20 million pounds of fatty diesters annually by 1965. Animal feeds consume approximately 600 million pounds of fats and fat derivatives annually and may eventually become the leading domestic nonfood market for fats. The protective coating market as an outlet for fats continues to decline, and the continuing shift to nonfat materials and changes in pain formulas indicate that, while the demand for protective coatings may increase, the use of fats in their manufacture may not share in the increase. Nonfat chemical raw materials provide intense price competition for fatty raw materials. Fat prices are influenced by the demand for use in food, soap, paints, and possibly animal feeds rather than by the demand for use as chemical raw materials.
Winter Cereal Cover Crop Removal Strategy Affects Spring Soil Nitrate Levels

ABSTRACT The use of winter cereal cover crops in no-till row crop systems has increased in the North Central Corn Belt. Timing of the cover crop removal can be managed to improve nitrogen availability for subsequently grown crops. Growers utilizing cover crop systems have several alternatives regarding the removal strategy for the winter cereal cover crop prior to seeding rotational corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. These alternatives include: herbicide burn-down; harvest of the winter annual cover crop as an early spring forage; or, allowing the winter cereal cover crop to mature as grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the affect of winter cereal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop burndown or harvest strategies on spring soil nitrate levels. Experiments were established in 1999 through 2001 in East Lansing, Michigan. Each cover crop strategy evaluated had significantly lower or tended to have lower spring soil nitrate levels compared wi...
Estimation of the HEC1 loss parameters for routing the probable maximum flood.

: Twenty storm events were used to select design values of the HEC1 loss parameters STRTL and CNSTL in order to route the probable maximum flood, PMF, through the Englewood watershed, Ohio. The parameter STRTL represents the initial volume of water lost due to interception and incomplete saturation of the soil prior to the storm. The parameter CNSTL represents a continuous loss rate and depends only on the watershed. When optimized from each storm event, STRTL varied between 0.0 and 3.4 inches with an average of 1.0 inch; CNSTL varied between 0.02 and 0.26 inch/hour, and it followed a normal probability distribution with a mean of about 0.1 inch/hour. The absence of correlation between optimum CNSTL values and each of total rainfall, total loss, and runoff duration supported the selection of the mean CNSTL as a design value. PMF routing through the Englewood watershed revealed that the PMF at the outlet is not sensitive to STRTL, but highly affected by CNSTL variations. The insensitivity to STRTL was due to the presence of a dam at the outlet of the watershed that caused the buildup of water in the watershed, thereby masking the storage effect of STRTL. The peak PMF increased by about 27 percent when the design CNSTL was decreased to 0.05 inch! hour, and decreased by about 18 percent when the design CNSTL was increased to 0.15 inch/hour.
Sesquiterpene lactones from Perityle vaseyi

Abstract The well-known germacrolide, eupatoriopicrin, and two additional sesquiterpene lactones, were isolated from Perityle vaseyi . The latter two lactones, one a novel guaianolide and the other a known germacrolide, both contain unusual ten carbon diester side chains attached at C-8. The chemical evidence, in conjunction with morphological data, suggest that Perityle, and hence the subtribe Peritylinae, should be placed in the tribe Heliantheae.
Thiourea analogues of resiniferatoxin as ligands for the vanilloid receptor

A thiourea bridge was tested as a linker to replace the OC(O)CH2 ester group that connects resiniferonol-9,13,14-orthophenylacetate to the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl moiety in resiniferatoxin (RTX). The resulting compounds showed lower affinity for the vanilloid receptor than did the parent RTX.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [11C]MP-10 as a PET probe for imaging PDE10A in rodent and non-human primate brain.

Abstract 2-((4-(1-[11C]Methyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-quinoline (MP-10), a specific PDE10A inhibitor (IC50 = 0.18 nM with 100-fold selectivity over other PDEs), was radiosynthesized by alkylation of the desmethyl precursor with [11C]CH3I, ∼45% yield, >92% radiochemical purity, >370 GBq/μmol specific activity at end of bombardment (EOB). Evaluation in Sprague–Dawley rats revealed that [11C]MP-10 had highest brain accumulation in the PDE10A enriched-striatum, the 30 min striatum: cerebellum ratio reached 6.55. MicroPET studies of [11C]MP-10 in monkeys displayed selective uptake in striatum. However, a radiolabeled metabolite capable of penetrating the blood–brain-barrier may limit the clinical utility of [11C]MP-10 as a PDE10A PET tracer.
Implications of defining test acceptability in terms of control-group survival in two-group survival studies

Tests used to screen for toxic responses often involve the comparison of samples from a putatively contaminated site with a clean reference site. If attention is focused on mortality, then the difference in proportionate mortality/survival in the two groups serves as the basis of statistical inference. As a precursor to conducting such studies, criteria for judging test acceptability, including the minimum level of control survivorship and the number of organisms to be put on test, must be determined. In this article, we review the standard statistical methodology for calculating sample size requirements for two-group comparisons of proportions to highlight the effect of defining test acceptability in terms of survival in the control group. For a fixed level of power, false-positive (type I) error rate, and effect size, we show that lower control-group survival implies the need to place more organisms on test.
High-resolution over-the-horizon radars using time reversal

A method of high resolution over-the-horizon radars (OTHRs) using time-reversal is described. The method uses timereversal in the multipath-enriched ionospheric environment in order to achieve the extended virtual aperture. Also, the double-pass conjugate image scanning scheme allows imaging of non-cooperative targets without requiring apriori knowledge of environmental conditions. Initial theoretical and experimental results are provided.
Gassing resistance in relation to content of aromatic hydrocarbons in insulating oil

1. Increasing the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in an oil leads to an improvement in gassing resistance and an increase in the dielectric loss-angle tangent after test under gas-discharge conditions. An optimum content of aromatic hydrocarbons provides high gassing resistance and acceptable stability of dielectric losses of the oil in ionization aging. 2. Testing insulating oils for gassing resistance with subsequent measurement of the dielectric loss-angle tangent gives a more thorough rating of oil stability in ionization aging and provides a sounder basis for selecting insulating oils in relation to specific service conditions.
Hypermobility of the cervical spine in children: A pitfall in the diagnosis of cervical dislocation

Abstract Subluxation of the cervical vertebrae not associated with fracture occurs frequently in children. Three types are recognized, namely, spontaneous atlantoaxial dislocation, unilateral suboccipital dislocation and rotary unilateral subluxation below the second cervical vertebra. Pain, torticollis, muscular spasm and limitation of motion almost always accompany these types of subluxation. Hypermobility of the second and third cervical vertebra, or apparent subluxation, also is encountered frequently in children and is a normal variation. In a roentgenographic study, fifteen of 100 normal children had a “step-off” between the second and third or the third and fourth cervical vertebrae of 3.5 or 4 mm. Unless the roentgenographic interpretation is confirmed by the physical signs of genuine subluxation, overtreatment by means of prolonged traction or immobilization in a cast may be carried out under the misconception that serious injury exists.
Extended Huckel calculations on azo and azine analogues of polyacetylene

Abstract Extended Huckel calculations on the pi systems of polyazine, ⊆CHNNCH⊇ x , and polyazoethene, ⊆CHCHNN⊇ x , are reported. Two methods were used to find polymer band properties: extrapolation to infinite length of a series of long chain molecules and by the tightbinding method using a basis set derived from monomer (four atom) molecular orbitals. For both polymers in the all trans configuration, four pi bands are found with the lower two filled and the upper two empty. The band gap in polyazoethene is found to be 0.4 to 0.7 eV, while the band gap in polyazine is 1.9 to 2.3 eV implying that polyazoethene is expected to be a substantially better semiconductor than polyazine. Analysis of the long chain wave functions shows that the bonding and antibonding functions of the dimers CC and NN for polyazoethene or CN for polyazine are the appropriate orbitals to consider for describing the band properties of these polymers, and this is the starting point for the tightbinding calculation.
IRACEMA E FARIDA: DIÁLOGOS

THIS PAPER DEVELOPS, THROUGH COMPARATIVE LITERATURE, A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TERRA SONÂMBULA (1992) BY MIA COUTO AND IRACEMA (1865)BY JOSE DE ALENCAR. WE ANALYZE THE FEMALE CHARACTERS, FARIDA AND IRACEMA. ALTHOUGH, INITIALLY WHAT BECOMES MORE CLEAR AS A COMPARATIVE POINT IS THE PRESENCE OF TWO WOMEN, WHAT WE SEARCH FOR IN THESE WORKS IS HOW THE TWO CHARACTERS PERSONIFIES THE LAND POSSESSED BY THE COLONIZER, AND AS WOMEN/LAND MARKED THEM BY THE SIGN OF THE PRESENCE OF THE POWER AND THE COLONIZATION.
Catalytic synthesis of methanol from COH2: II. Electron microscopy (TEM, STEM, microdiffraction, and energy dispersive analysis) of the CuZnO and Cu/ZnO/Cr2O3 catalysts

Transmission electron microscopy of the Cu/ZnO and Cu/ZnO/Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ methanol synthesis catalysts was used to characterize the dispersions of CuO, ZnO, and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ in the calcined catalysts and Cu metal, ZnO, and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ in the reduced and used catalysts. All components were found to have morphologies of their independently existing dispersions except Zn, which appeared as a network of thin crystallites at Cu concentrations of 30% and less and as well-developed individual hexagonal platelets at higher Cu concentrations. The hexagonal platelets morphology was probably induced by epitaxial growth of ZnO on Cu/sub 2/(OH)/sub 3/ during calcination. Microdiffraction in the scanning transmission electron microscope and selected area diffraction in the transmission electron microscope showed that the network of ZnO crystallites had the hexagonal crystal axis parallel to their major surface plane and the platelet ZnO particles had the hexagonal crystal axis perpendiclar to the platelet plane. Quantitative elemental analyses of the individual particles in the composite catalysts were carried out by characteritic x-ray emission in the energy dispersive mode. It was found that both ZnO morphologies in the reduced Cu/ZnO catalysts contained up to 12% copper and in the Cu/ZnO/Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts up to 16%more » copper accompanied by Cr(III). These results were interpreted as a dissolution of copper in ZnO in the form of Cu(I) that was assisted by the presence of a trialent ion. The Cu(I)/ZnO solution, which was earlier found to have characteristic optical absorption in the near infrared, was proposed to be the active component of the low pressure methanol synthesis catalysts.« less
An Energy-Efficient Node Activation Scheme for Reconfigurable Sensor Networks

This paper presents an energy-efficient node activation scheme that reduces the cost in recharging energy-depleted sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. The network operation combined with node activation is modeled as a stochastic decision process, where the activation decisions directly affect the energy efficiency of the network. An analytical model is developed to formulate the network operation as a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) by assuming exponentially distributed recharging and discharging times. Using this model, an optimal activation policy is obtained that minimizes the recharging rate. To evaluate the developed node activation scheme, simulation was performed for both a correlated and an independent sensor network model. In the correlated model, a 72% reduction of recharging rate has been achieved, compared with no intelligent node activation. The approach presented provides a framework for designing wireless sensor networks where energy efficiency is of critical importance.© 2008 ASME
Evaluation of antibiotic-supplemented bone allograft in a rabbit model.

Abstract The use of an antibiotic-supplemented bone allograft (ASBA) as a material for placement in infected mandibular fractures was investigated in a rabbit model. In phase I of this project, fractures were created in the mandibles of 30 New Zealand white rabbits and injected with 5 × 10 6 colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteroides melaninogenicus . The animals were divided into three treatment groups (A, B, or C) and treated with conventional treatment (CT), CT plus demineralized bone powder, or CT plus ASBA. In phase II, bone defects were created in the mandibles of 17 New Zealand white rabbits and then grafted with ASBA. Assessment of healing and vascular ingrowth was made at 2-day intervals through 3 weeks postoperatively, and then weekly until termination at 60 days postoperatively. Phase I results showed significantly enhanced healing in the ASBA-treated group when compared with the other treatment methods and healed fracture strength, which was comparable to the nonfractured, contralateral mandibular angle. Phase II results demonstrated vascular structures in the ASBA material by 4 days postoperatively and osteogenesis by 12 days postoperatively.
A major milestone in nanoscale material science: the 2002 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics presented to Sumio Iijima

The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, awarded the 2002 Benjamin Franklin Medal in physics to Sumio Iijima for his discovery and elucidation of the atomic structure and helical character of multi- and single-wall carbon nanotubes. His pioneering work created a new, tremendously active and expanding area in the field of nanoscience and technology that involves condensed matter and material scientists, chemists and computer scientists. Iijima has also made key contributions to the mechanisms that are involved in the growth of carbon nanotubes, to the role of pentagonal and heptagonal carbon rings in the formation of caps that form at the ends of the nanotubes and to the encapsulation of molecules within the nanotubes.
Amino acid transport in peripheral nerve: specificity of uptake.

— Amino acid uptake has been studied in desheathed frog sciatic nerve. Results indicate that at least two types of processes are involved: a non-saturable process, possibly simple diffusion, and a saturable, carrier-mediated process. There appear to be several carrier-mediated transport mechanisms, which can be separated on the basis of their substrate specificity as follows: small neutral, large neutral, β-alanine, acidic, basic, aromatic and heterocyclic, and proline. The specificity of some of the mechanisms is incomplete and these can transport certain amino acids from other groups to a limited extent. The percentage of total uptake by a saturable process is highly variable. Basic, acidic, and those amino acids containing aromatic or heterocyclic ring structures are taken up primarily by a saturable process; small and large neutral amino acids and proline are taken up primarily by a non-saturable process.
DNA Profiling of Convicted Offender Samples for the Combined DNA Index System

The cornerstone of forensic chemistry is that a perpetrator inevitably leaves trace evidence at a crime scene. One important type of evidence is DNA, which has been instrumental in both the implication and exoneration of thousands of suspects in a wide range of crimes. The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), a network of DNA databases, provides links between crime-scene evidence and potential suspects not previously known to be associated with the case. The methods by which DNA samples undergo profiling for CODIS and the importance of such databases are described here. The goal of this article is to serve as a useful summary of the current state of DNA profiling and CODIS nationwide. This information may be of interest to instructors of forensic sciences courses and to those instructors wishing to add a forensic context to the topic of nucleic acids in nonmajor or biochemistry courses.
An extralemniscal component of the mustached bat inferior colliculus selective for direction and rate of linear frequency modulations.

Frequency modulations (FMs) are prevalent in human speech, and are important acoustic cues for the categorical discrimination of phonetic contrasts. For bats, FM sweeps are also important for communication and are often the only component in echolocation calls. Auditory neurons tuned to the direction and rate of FM might underlie the encoding of rapid frequency transitions. In the mustached bat, we have discovered a population of such FM selective cells in an area interposed between the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) and the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (NLL). We believe this area to be the ventral extent of the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICXv). To describe FM selectivity of neurons in the ICXv and to compare it to other midbrain nuclei, up- and down-sweeping linear FM stimuli were presented at different modulation rates. Extracellular recordings were made from 171 single units in the ICC, ICXv, and NLL of 10 mustached bats. In the ICXv, there was a much higher degree of FM selectivity than in ICC or NLL and a consistent preference for upward over downward FM sweeps. Anterograde and retrograde transport was examined following focal injections of wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into ICXv. The main targets of anterograde transport were the deep layers of the superior colliculus and the suprageniculate division of the medial geniculate body. The primary site of retrograde transport was the nucleus of the central acoustic tract in the brainstem. Thus, the ICXv appears to be a part of the central acoustic tract, an extralemniscal pathway linking the auditory brainstem directly to a multimodal nucleus of the thalamus.
A robust family of Golden Gate Agrobacterium vectors for plant synthetic biology.

Tools that allow for rapid, accurate and inexpensive assembly of multi-component combinatorial libraries of DNA for transformation into plants will accelerate the progress of synthetic biology research. Recent progress in molecular cloning methods has vastly expanded the repertoire with which plant biologists can engineer a transgene. Here we describe a new set of binary vectors for use in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation that utilizes the Golden-Gate cloning approach. Our optimized protocol facilitates the rapid and inexpensive generation of multi-component transgenes for later introduction into plants.
New techniques for laser ablation of the endometrium in high-risk patients

Fourteen women underwent endometrial ablation by use of the Nd:YAG laser. All patients had significant risk factors that precluded safe hysterectomy for intractable bleeding. All patients had demonstrated anemia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia uncontrolled by hormonal therapy or curettage. Specifically, seven (50%) women in this group had proved major clotting abnormalities as their principal diagnosis. Three new techniques are described as modifications of the original Nd:YAG ablation methodology and include: (1) the use of Hyskon as the uterine distending medium; (2) the attachment of a high-resolution endoscopic television camera to the eyepiece of the hysteroscope, which permits the surgeon to view the endometrial cavity and operate via a video monitor; and (3) the application of a specially designed dual-channel operating hysteroscope that allows simultaneous laser ablation and aspiration of debris. Although this operation is a valuable alternative to hysterectomy in selected clinical situations, its major deficiencies are the lack of long-term follow-up data and the absence of a surgical specimen for pathologic analysis.
Manganese application alleviates the water deficit‐induced decline of N2 fixation

Water deficit is a very serious constraint on N2 fixation rates and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). Ureides are transported from the nodules and they accumulate in the leaves during soil drying. This accumulation appears responsible for a feedback mechanism on nitrogen fixation, and it is hypothesized to result from a decreased ureide degradation in the leaf. One enzyme involved in the ureide degradation, allantoate amidohydrolase, is manganese (Mn) dependent. As Mn deficiency can occur in soils where soybean is grown, this deficiency may aggravate soybean sensitivity to water deficit. In situ ureide breakdown was measured by incubating soybean leaves in a 5 mol m -3 allantoic acid solution for 9 h before sampling leaf discs in which remnant ureide was measured over time. In situ ureide breakdown was dramatically decreased in leaves from plants grown without Mn. At the plant level, allantoic acid application in the nutrient solution of hydroponically grown soybean resulted in a higher accumulation of ureide in leaves and lower acetylene reduction activity (ARA) by plants grown with 0 mol m -3 Mn than those grown with 6·6 mol m -3 Mn. Those plants grown with 6·6 mol m -3 Mn in comparison with those grown with 52·8 mol m -3 Mn had, in turn, higher accumulated ureide and lower ARA. To determine if Mn level also influenced N2 fixation sensitivity to water deficit, a dry-down experiment was carried out by slowly dehydrating plants that were grown in soil under four different Mn nutritions. Plants receiving no Mn had the lowest leaf Mn concentration, 11·9 mg kg -1 , and had N2 fixation more sensitive to water deficit than plants treated with Mn in which leaf Mn concentration was in the range of 21‐33 mg kg -1 . The highest Mn treatments increased leaf Mn concentration to 37·5 mg kg -1 and above but did not
51V solid-state magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and DFT studies of oxovanadium(V) complexes mimicking the active site of vanadium haloperoxidases.

A series of 11 oxovanadium(V) complexes mimicking the active site of vanadium haloperoxidases have been investigated by 51 V magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). The MAS spectra are dominated by the anisotropic quadrupolar and chemical shielding interactions; for these compounds, CQ ranges from 3 to 8 MHz, and ‰U is in the range 340-730 ppm. The quadrupolar coupling and chemical shielding tensors as well as their relative orientations have been determined by numerical simulations of the spectra. The spectroscopic NMR observables appear to be very sensitive to the details of the electronic and geometric environment of the vanadium center in these complexes. For the four crystallographically characterized compounds from the series, the quadrupolar and chemical shielding anisotropies were computed at the DFT level using two different basis sets, and the calculated tensors were in general agreement with the experimental solid-state NMR data. A combination of 51 V solid-state NMR and computational methods is thus beneficial for investigation of the electrostatic and geometric
Introduction: The Computing in Context Project and CIC15

The NSF-funded project titled "Computing in Context" (DUE-1141209) aims to develop and evaluate new teaching materials and pedagogies that promote students' active learning in four inter-disciplinary areas of relevance to computing. We report progress and current status of the four areas of the CIC project, and introduce the 2015 NSF Workshop on Curricular Development for Computing in Context (CIC15). The workshop focuses on the area of intelligence and security informatics, and is a venue for computing scholars to present their works on developing, evaluating, and disseminating curricular materials in this area.
Estimation of treatment effects under combined sampling and experimental designs

Over the years, sampling and experimental design have developed independently with little mutual compatibility. However, many studies do (or should) involve both a sampling design and an experimental design. For example, a polluted site may be exhaustively partitioned into area plots, a random sample of plots selected, and the selected plots randomly assigned to three clean-up regimens. An established estimator that combines sampling and experimental design is presented and its development explained. Properties of this estimator will be derived and some applications of the estimator will be examined. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of EBT reactor projections

Abstract The ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT) concept provides a unique basis for a truly steady-state fusion reactor in a favorable geometry with a significant Qengineering (> 10) value. The similarity of the dimensionless parameters of the present experiments, EBT-I/S and Nagoya Bumpy Torus, to a reactor-grade plasma and observed confinement characteristics indicates plausible extrapolations and projections for a reactor. Past and present reactor studies have indicated that EBTs have many attractive reactor features. There are, of course, a number of physics and technology issues yet to be resolved. Recent developments are reviewed, and their implications to reactor physics/technology/engineering issues are discussed.
Improving Remote Species Identification through Efficient Training Data Collection

Plant species identification and mapping based on remotely-sensed spectral signatures is a challenging task with the potential to contribute enormously to ecological studies. Success in this task rests upon the appropriate collection and use of costly field-based training data, and researchers are in need of ways to improve collection efficiency based on quantitative evidence. Using imaging spectrometer data collected by the Carnegie Airborne Observatory for hundreds of field-identified tree crowns in Kruger National Park, South Africa, we developed woody plant species classification models and evaluated how classification accuracy increases with increasing numbers of training crowns. First, we show that classification accuracy must be estimated while respecting the crown as the basic unit of data; otherwise, accuracy will be overestimated and the amount of training data needed to perform successful classification will be underestimated. We found that classification accuracy and the number of training crowns needed to perform successful classification varied depending on the number and spectral separability of species in the model. We also used a modified Michaelis-Menten function to describe the empirical relationship between training crowns and model accuracy, and show how this function may be useful for predicting accuracy. This framework can assist researchers in designing field campaigns to maximize the efficiency of field data collection, and thus the amount of biodiversity information gained from remote species identification models.
An Evaluation of the Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability in Supernova Remnant Formation

We present an initial evaluation of the role of the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability in supernova remnant (SNR) formation. Although the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is most often considered in the canonical picture of SNR formation, the theoretical penetration depths for RM instability suggest that it could play a significant role in the early stages of SNR formation. We have used the code PROMETHEUS to perform a sequence of two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations in order to test this possibility. Here we discuss a case in which we impose a large perturbation in the expanding ejecta behind the reverse shock. The interaction of the reverse shock with the perturbation produces significant early RM growth, with spikes penetrating from the contact surface to near the forward shock. Then the RM instability weakens, RT growth eventually dominates, and the perturbation of the forward shock diminishes. We conclude that RM instability growth due to the type of perturbation we have studied might contribute to, but alone cannot account for, the observed radio and X-ray structures that extend to the forward shock in such SNRs as supernova 1006.
Formation control of multi-agent systems with connectivity preservation by using both event-driven and time-driven communication

In this paper, distributed control algorithms and event-based communication strategies are developed to achieve formation control with connectivity preservation among a group of networked mobile agents. Each agent transmits its current state information to its neighbors when its own triggering condition is satisfied or when the time elapsed from its last event time is going to exceed the agent's maximal admissible inter-event time. We have focused our studies on two types of systems' dynamics: agents that can be modeled as first order integrators and agents that can be modeled as double integrators. Simulations are provided to validate our results.
The Est3 protein is a subunit of yeast telomerase.

Abstract EST1 , EST2 , EST3 and TLC1 function in a single pathway for telomere replication in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [1,2], as would be expected if these genes all encode components of the same complex. Est2p, the reverse transcriptase protein subunit, and TLC1, the templating RNA, are subunits of the catalytic core of yeast telomerase [3–5]. In contrast, mutations in EST1 , EST3 or CDC13 eliminate telomere replication in vivo [1,6–8] but are dispensable for in vitro telomerase catalytic activity [2,9]. Est1p and Cdc13p, as components of telomerase and telomeric chromatin, respectively, cooperate to recruit telomerase to the end of the chromosome [7,10]. However, Est3p has not yet been biochemically characterized and thus its specific role in telomere replication is unclear. We show here that Est3p is a stable component of the telomerase holoenzyme and furthermore, association of Est3p with the enzyme requires an intact catalytic core. As predicted for a telomerase subunit, fusion of Est3p to the high affinity Cdc13p telomeric DNA binding domain greatly increases access of telomerase to the telomere. Est1p is also tightly associated with telomerase; however, Est1p is capable of forming a stable TLC1-containing complex even in the absence of Est2p or Est3p. Yeast telomerase therefore contains a minimum of three Est proteins for which there is both in vivo and in vitro evidence for their role in telomere replication as subunits of the telomerase complex.
Cobalt(I), -(II), and -(III) complexes of a tetraaza 14-membered macrocycle, 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene (L). Crystal and molecular structures of [CoL(CO)]ClO4, trans-CoLCl2, and cis-[CoL(CO3)]ClO4

The carbon monoxide adduct of the cobalt(I) title macrocycle has been prepared via reaction of CoL{sup +} with CO{sub 2} and with CO and isolated as a perchlorate salt: IR (Nujol){nu}{sub CO} 1916 cm{sup {minus}1}; UV-vis (CH{sub 3}CH, {lambda}{sub max} ({epsilon})) 310 nm (3900 M{sup {minus}1} cm{sup {minus}1}), 430 sh (770), 510 sh (360), 1040 (240). In CH{sub 3}CN solvent its stability constant is {approx} 3 {times} 10{sup 8} M{sup {minus}1} at 25{degree}C. Structures of the square-pyramidal carbonyl complex and two other complexes of the title macrocycle have been determined from single-crystal x-ray diffraction data collected with use of Mo K{alpha} radiation. Crystallographic data: (CoL(CO))(ClO{sub 4}) (1), C2, a = 15.362 (3) {angstrom}, b = 7.580 (5) {angstrom}, c = 9.611 (3) {angstrom}, {beta} = 108.91 (2){degree}, V = 1059 (1) {angstrom}{sup 3}, Z = 2 (R = 0.057, R{sub w} = 0.069); N-meso,trans-CoLCl{sub 2} (2), Pbca, a = 11.570 (3) {angstrom}, b = 12.695 (3) {angstrom}, c = 13.309 (2) {angstrom}, V = 1954 (1) {angstrom}{sup 3}, Z = 4 (R = 0.075, R{sub w} = 0.070); cis-(CoL(CO{sub 3}))ClO{sub 4} (3), C2, a = 15.072 (5) {angstrom}, b = 7.603 (4) {angstrom}, c = 9.703 (3) {angstrom}, {beta} =more » 109.74 (3){degree}, V = 1047 (1) {angstrom}{sup 3}, Z = 2 (R = 0.033, R{sub w} = 0.048). The three structures contain square-pyramidal, five-coordinate cobalt(I) (1), strongly axially distorted six-coordinate cobalt(II) (2), and six-coordinate cobalt(III) with L occupying cis-coordination positions (3). They thus provide a striking illustration of the adaptability of L to a variety of coordination numbers and oxidation states. 30 refs., 3 figs., 8 tabs.« less
Genome-wide profiling of diel and circadian gene expression in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.

Anopheles gambiae, the primary African vector of malaria parasites, exhibits numerous rhythmic behaviors including flight activity, swarming, mating, host seeking, egg laying, and sugar feeding. However, little work has been performed to elucidate the molecular basis for these daily rhythms. To study how gene expression is regulated globally by diel and circadian mechanisms, we have undertaken a DNA microarray analysis of An. gambiae under light/dark cycle (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions. Adult mated, non–blood-fed female mosquitoes were collected every 4 h for 48 h, and samples were processed with DNA microarrays. Using a cosine wave-fitting algorithm, we identified 1,293 and 600 rhythmic genes with a period length of 20–28 h in the head and body, respectively, under LD conditions, representing 9.7 and 4.5% of the An. gambiae gene set. A majority of these genes was specific to heads or bodies. Examination of mosquitoes under DD conditions revealed that rhythmic programming of the transcriptome is dependent on an interaction between the endogenous clock and extrinsic regulation by the LD cycle. A subset of genes, including the canonical clock components, was expressed rhythmically under both environmental conditions. A majority of genes had peak expression clustered around the day/night transitions, anticipating dawn and dusk. Genes cover diverse biological processes such as transcription/translation, metabolism, detoxification, olfaction, vision, cuticle regulation, and immunity, and include rate-limiting steps in the pathways. This study highlights the fundamental roles that both the circadian clock and light play in the physiology of this important insect vector and suggests targets for intervention.
p53MVA Therapy in Patients with Refractory Gastrointestinal Malignancies Elevates p53-Specific CD8+ T-cell Responses

Purpose: To conduct a phase I trial of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine delivering wild-type human p53 (p53MVA) in patients with refractory gastrointestinal cancers. Experimental Design: Three patients were vaccinated with 1.0 × 10 8 plaque-forming unit (pfu) p53MVA followed by nine patients at 5.6 × 10 8 pfu. Toxicity was classified using the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria and clinical responses were assessed by CT scan. Peripheral blood samples were collected pre- and post-immunization for immunophenotyping, monitoring of p53MVA-induced immune response, and examination of PD1 checkpoint inhibition in vitro . Results: p53MVA immunization was well tolerated at both doses, with no adverse events above grade 2. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells showing enhanced recognition of a p53 overlapping peptide library were detectable after the first immunization, particularly in the CD8 + T-cell compartment ( P = 0.03). However, in most patients, this did not expand further with the second and third immunization. The frequency of PD1 + T cells detectable in patients9 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly higher than in healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequency of PD1 + CD8 + T cells showed an inverse correlation with the peak CD8 + p53 response ( P = 0.02) and antibody blockade of PD1 in vitro increased the p53 immune responses detected after the second or third immunizations. Induction of strong T-cell and antibody responses to the MVA backbone were also apparent. Conclusion: p53MVA was well tolerated and induced robust CD8 + T-cell responses. Combination of p53MVA with immune checkpoint inhibition could help sustain immune responses and lead to enhanced clinical benefit. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4459–70. ©2014 AACR .
Empirical Bayes Analysis for Systems of Mixed Models with Linked Autocorrelated Random Effects

Abstract Empirical Bayes concepts are implemented in a simultaneous analysis of a system of mixed linear models having linked and serially correlated random effects. Emphasis is placed on the estimation of the random effects and exploration of the relationships between them. Application is made to the investigation of several series of laboratory assay data that were observed during overlapping time intervals and were therefore subjected to common systematic errors, or “daily effects.” The motivation for this work was the need to investigate methods of adjustment for such daily effects, and to estimate the degree to which concurrently run series are impacted in common. Attention is given to the construction of confidence intervals for daily effects. Tractable methods are proposed that yield approximately correct coverage for large samples. Although derived within a Bayes-empirical Bayes framework, these intervals are somewhat similar to intervals constructed by the method of Kackar and Harville. Implement...
Exchange and correlation in quasi-two-dimensional plasmas in quantum well structures

We present a comparison of experiment and theory of the intersubband excitations in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structures. We find that at moderate densities, calculations employing the local spin density approximation for exchange and correlation Coulomb interactions agree well with experimental results. At larger densities there appears to be a discrepancy. We discuss improvements to the theory due to nonlocal exchange and the potential importance of subband nonparabolicity.
Bioenhancement of cadmium transfer along a multi-level food chain

Abstract Previous studies have shown that metal partitioned to a subcellular compartment containing trophically available metal (TAM) is readily available to predators and may be enhanced by increased binding of metal to heat-stable proteins (HSP – e.g., metallothioneins). The aim of the current investigation was to determine the influence of TAM on the trophic transfer of Cd along an experimental, three-level food chain: Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp) → Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp) → Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog). P. pugio were fed for 7 days on A. franciscana exposed to Cd in solution (including 109Cd as radiotracer) and subjected to subcellular fractionation or fed to F. heteroclitus. An HSP-driven increase in the percentage of Cd associated with TAM (TAM-Cd%) in A. franciscana exposed to 1 μM Cd resulted in a bioenhancement (i.e., a greater than linear increase with respect to A. franciscana exposure) of Cd trophic transfer to P. pugio. Increased dietary Cd exposure did not affect TAM-Cd% in P. pugio nor trophic transfer to F. heteroclitus.
Multiple dispersed phases in a high-strength low-carbon steel: An atom-probe tomographic and synchrotron X-ray diffraction study

The co-precipitation of Cu, M 2 C (where M is any combination of Cr, Mo or Ti) and austenite (face-centered cubic) is characterized for 5 h isochronal aging times by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and three-dimensional atom-probe tomography for a high-strength low-carbon steel, BlastAlloy 160. High number densities, ∼10 23 m −3 , of co-located Cu and M 2 C precipitates were observed. Only small austenite volume percentages (
Phosphorelay Signaling in Yeast in Response to Changes in Osmolarity

In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevesiae, phosphorelay signaling systems that involve a three-step His-Asp-His-Asp phosphotransfer are involved in transmitting signals in response to cellular stress. The animation shows one example of such a phosphorelay system involved in yeast responses to changes in osmolarity. Under conditions of low osmolarity, a histidine-aspartate phosphorelay pathway transmits information that deactivates one signaling pathway and activates gene expression through another pathway. In response to high osmolarity, the Sln1 kinase that initiates the phosphorelay is inhibited and the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is active.
Variation-aware electromigration analysis of power/ground networks

Due to shrinking wire dimensions, higher current density, and process variations, electromigration (EM) has become a major reliability problem. The existing backend design flows use the maximum allowed current density as the only practical guidance to prevent EM. There is a need for tools capable of performing comprehensive EM analyses. In this paper, we first explain why current density alone does not determine wire's susceptibility to EM. We introduce our variation-aware EM analysis tool, VEMA, for power/ground networks, which are typically the EM-critical parts of a chip. Our tool considers two types of variations: circuit-level and wire geometry-level. VEMA reports distributions of wire lifetimes for circuit-level variations. Compared to existing EM analyzer SysRel, VEMA filters out EM-immortal wires more efficiently and provides detailed feedback for EM violation corrections. VEMA also provides information of geometry-level tolerance for EM-mortal wires.