cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RF MEMS switches with enhanced power-handling capabilities

This paper reports on the experimental and theoretical characterization of RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches for high-power applications. First, we investigate the problem of self-actuation due to high RF power and we demonstrate switches that do not self-actuate or catastrophically fail with a measured RF power of up to 5.5 W. Second, the problem of switch stiction to the down state as a function of the applied RF power is also theoretically and experimentally studied. Finally, a novel switch design with a top electrode is introduced and its advantages related to RF power-handling capabilities are presented. By applying this technology, we demonstrate hot-switching measurements with a maximum power of 0.8 W. Our results, backed by theory and measurements, illustrate that careful design can significantly improve the power-handling capabilities of RF MEMS switches.
Exafs Studies of Multilayer Interfaces

Important for the understanding of multilayer materials is a determination of their interface structure. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique can be useful, particularly for interfaces with a high degree of structural disorder. This paper reviews the application of EXAFS to multilayers, and describes the standing wave enhancement of the EXAFS from multilayer interfaces. Examples are given for W-C and Ni-Ti multilayers. 6 refs., 6 figs.
Do Citizens Link Attitudes with Preferences? Economic Inequality and Government Spending in the “New Gilded Age”

Objectives This article investigates the extent to which people link policy preferences with unequal outcomes. As the American public is both aware and supportive of reducing income inequality in the abstract, it is an open question whether this concern is translated into support for policies that might help alleviate the rise in economic inequality. Methods Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is used with data from the General Social Survey (GSS). Results The relationship between attitudes about wealth inequality and spending preferences is positive, but not strong. Moreover, there is no evidence that the least well-off are more attuned to linking attitudes about inequality with spending preferences than the upper or middle classes. Conclusion The main findings suggest that while citizens are able to link attitudes about inequality with spending preferences, the link might not be strong enough to propel elected officials to act as wealth inequality expands.
Adolescent sexuality: a presentation resource kit, 3rd edition, volumes I and II

Developed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Adolescent Health Care. Edited by Lisa M. Smith. ACOG, 1998. To purchase call 800-762-ACOG (2264). Reviewed by: P. Annie Clark, CNM, MPH, Senior Technical Advisor, American College of Nurse-Midwives, Department of Global Outreach, Washington, D.C.
Nephrotic syndrome: increased platelet prostaglandin endoperoxide formation, hyperaggregability, and reduced platelet life span. Reversal following remission.

Summary: Nephrotic syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis. Platelet function was evaluated in 6 children with active disease (group I) and in 5 children in remission (group II). Platelet malonyldialdchyde in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide (1 mM) or thromhin (0.5 unit/ml) was used as an indicator of platelet prostaglandin endoperoxide formation in all patients evaluated, and platelet survivals were performed in 3 of 11. Platelet hyperaggregability was present in group 1 and was associated with a significant increase (P < O.001) in platelet MDA formation in the presence of either N-ethyl maleimide [4.0 ± 0.29 (1 S.D.) nmoles/109 platelets] or thrombin (1.77 ± 0.32) when compared to normal controls (3.20 ± 0.26: 1.26 ± 0.18). Other evidence for a “hypercoagulable” state included a marked reduction (P < 0.001) in plasma antithrombin III levels to 9.4 ± 3.8 mg/dl (controls, 24 ± 3) and a reduction in platelet life span in both children in whom this study was performed (half-life of 2.1 and 2.5 days), Group II patients in remission did not demonstrate platelet hyperaggregability. and platelet malonyldialdehyde was normal (3.21 ± 0.4; 1.13 ± 0.19). Antithrombin III levels were normal (26.5 ± 4.8), and platelet life-span was normal in both (iroup II children in whom this parameter was measured (half-life of 3.6 and 4.4 days). The normal half-life of 4.4 days was obtained in the same child in whom a half-life of 2.5 days was present during active disease. Platelet hyperaggregability in this syndrome appears to be due to increased prostaglandin endoperoxide synthesis. Inasmuch as a reduction in plasma antithrombin HI levels predisposes to thrombosis and a decrease in platelet survival has been documented to increase the risk of (hromboembolism in a number of pathologic states, these findings appear to be of importance in the etiology of hypercoagulability associated with nephrotic syndrome. Speculation: Platelet hyperaggregability and increased prostaglandin endoperoxide formation is seen in the nephrotic syndrome during disease activity. This platelet hyperfunctional state does not appear to be solely due to concomitant hypoalbuminemia. Other possible factors include a young, reactive platelet population with enhanced functional and thrombogenic potential or the presence of hypercholesterolemia which can he associated with platelet hyperaggregability (25). Antiplatelet aggregating agents have been used therapeutically in various disease states associated with a shortened platelet life span and an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. These agents may prove to be beneficial in decreasing the incidence of thromboembolic disease in children with the nephrotic syndrome.
Equilibrium contact probabilities in dense plasmas

Nuclear reaction rates in plasmas depend on the overlap (contact) probability of the reacting ions. Path-integral Monte Carlo calculations are used here to determine these contact probabilities, $g(0)$, for one-component plasma (OCP) with emphasis on many-body quantum effects which can lead to order of magnitude changes. An intuitive explanation for these effects is presented. The small $r$ behavior of $g(r)$ for quantum systems and the relation to free energies is then derived and compared to the path-integral results. Going beyond the uniform background approximation, electron screening effects and the limits of the ``constant energy shift'' approximation are discussed. Thermodynamic properties for the quantum OCP are analyzed in a final section.
Triplet-State Kinetics of 2,5 Diphenyloxazole (PPO)

Time-resolved excited-state triplet-triplet absorption spectra were measured for solutions of 2,5 diphenyloxazole (PPO) in various solvents, with the use of a pump and probe technique. The rate constants for intersystem crossing, triplet deactivation by oxygen, and triplet-triplet self-quenching are obtained. The latter two rate constants are substantially larger than the corresponding rate constants for 2-(1 naphthyl)-5-phenyloxazole-αNPO.
The Community of Action

Recent community-related research presents a growing body of evidence in support of the notion of a community without propinquity, a community of limited liability or a liberated community. Studies have shown that urbanites not only are involved in their own solidarity but are likely to be linked to others as well. The evidence documents the persistence of primary ties which are not restricted to a densely knit solidarity but form a spatially diverse network which transcends kin and neighborhood to encompass a wide range of relationships throughout the city and beyond.1
Deciphering the imperative: translating public health quality improvement into organizational performance management gains

With the launching of the national public health accreditation program under the auspices of the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), health department momentum around quality improvement adoption has accelerated. Domain 9 of the PHAB standards (one of 12 domains) focuses on evaluation and improvement of performance and is acting as a strong driver for quality improvement and performance management implementation within health departments. Widespread adoption of quality improvement activities in public health trails that in other US sectors. Several performance management models have received broad acceptance, including models among government and nonprofits. A model specifically for public health has been developed and is presented herein. All models in current use reinforce customer focus; streamlined, value-added processes; and strategic alignment. All are structured to steer quality improvement efforts toward organizational priorities, ensuring that quality improvement complements performance man...
Funding Rail: Federal Decisions and Local Financing

Local funds for transportation infrastructure are increasingly necessary, even though the U.S. federal government provides billions for urban rail projects. Through analysis of a competitive federal rail program (New Starts), this research tests the hypothesis that local financing decisions--as a demand-side factor in funding allocations--can drive federal rail spending. The analysis also considers alternative explanations for funding outcomes: transportation benefits and political clout. Based on a statistical analysis of 60 projects and 2 brief project profiles, findings indicate that local financial commitment--more than other factors--explains federal awards. Rail expansions that most advance federal transportation goals, as captured by program evaluation criteria, are not more likely to receive New Starts awards, but funded projects all met a minimum threshold for benefits. As a result, local decisions on transit funding both rely on and affect the allocation of federal monies.
Detonation Behavior of Emulsion Explosives

Detonation behavior of emulsion explosives sensitized by glass microballoons was studied. The detonation velocity and the failure diameter of emulsion explosives at various densities were measured in two charge configurations: cylindrical charges by ionization pins and conical charges by ionization pins and continuous resistance probes. The effect of microballoon size on detonation velocity and failure diameter was also determined. The behavior of emulsion explosives showed a marked difference from that of other high explosives; the detonation velocity reached its maximum far below the maximum density; the failure diameter increased with increasing density. The detonation velocity extrapolated to infinite diameter deviated increasingly from the predictions of the BKW code and of the Kamlet method as the initial density decreased. Diameter effect curves were downward concave and the diameter effect became more pronounced with increasing density. The temperature had a negligibie effect on the detonation velocity. At a given density, the detonation velocity increased linearly with decreasing microballoon size. The increase in detonation velocity was obscured at low densities by the increasing weight of glass added. I he failure diameter had a linear relationship with the spacing between microballoons.
Parkour, The Affective Appropriation of Urban Space, and the Real/Virtual Dialectic

Parkour is a new sport based on athletically and artistically overcoming urban obstacles. In this paper, I argue that the real world practices of parkour are dialectically intertwined with the virtual worlds made possible by information and communication technologies. My analysis of parkour underscores how globalized ideas and images available through the Internet and other media can be put into practice within specific locales. Practitioners of parkour, therefore, engage their immediate, physical world at the same time that they draw upon an imagination enabled by their on-screen lives. As such, urban researchers need to consider the ways that virtual worlds can change and enhance how individuals understand and utilize the material spaces of the city.
An Investigation of the Reduction and Reoxidation of Isolated Vanadate Sites Supported on MCM-48

The reduction and subsequent reoxidation of isolated vanadate species supported on silica was investigated using temperature-programmed reduction and oxidation, along with in-situ XANES and Raman spectroscopy. Approximately 70–80% of the vanadium was reduced to V3+ after reduction in H2 at temperatures up to 923 K. Upon reduction, the vanadyl oxygen was removed and the three remaining V–O bonds are lengthened by 0.2 A. The vanadate species are rapidly reoxidized when exposed to O2, with the amount of oxygen uptake matching well with the amount removed during reduction. In-situ Raman spectroscopy during reoxidation in 18O2 showed that significant scrambling occurs between gas phase oxygen and surface oxygen species during the reoxidation of the vanadate species.
Invariant Multicouple Theory of Shells

The multicouple theory is applicable to finite deformations of thick elastic or inelastic shells. A hierarchy of two-dimensional stress and strain measures is established and a systematic procedure is given for establishing a theory of any order. The one-couple theory is an extension of the first approximation theory of Love and includes an effect of transverse shears. When the Kirchhoff hypothesis is invoked, the one-couple theory reduces to the usual first-approximation. A higher-order theory gives a better description of the distributions of stress and strain in terms of two-dimensional variables, multistresses and multistrains. Each successive m-couple theory provides a progressive relaxation of the first approximation and consistent refinements of stress distributions within the shell, upon the surfaces and edges. Consequently such theories offer new approaches to problems of inelastic behavior and a means to study thick shells, particularly, the behavior at the junctures of different elements.
Pathogenesis of spinal malformations induced in the embryos of mice.

The pathogenesis of vertebral defects in mouse embryos is reconstructed after a single intraperitoneal injection of 6-aminonicotinamide, fifteen milligrams per kilogram, on Day 9.5 of pregnancy. This period, at about mid-pregnancy in the mouse, was found to be the critical stage for production of lower vertebral malformations in the embryo. Various kinds of defects—fusions, hemivertebras, hypoplasias, spina bifidas—were observed from lower thoracic through the sacral regions. Most vertebral malformations were associated with rib deformities. Cellular damage of the ventral region of the neural tube rather than sclerotomes was the most striking finding within a day or two of treatment. Vertebral malformations were preceded by failure of condensations of sclerotomal cells which later become intervertebral elements, and failure of such vertebral segmentation seemed to be due to the affected neural tube.
A Single-Transceiver Compressive Reflector Antenna for High-Sensing-Capacity Imaging

This letter presents the simulated design and signal processing algorithms of a novel single-transceiver compressive reflector antenna for high-sensing-capacity imaging. The compressive reflector antenna (CRA) generates a spatial code in the imaging region, which is dynamically changed by using a mechanical rotation of the reflector. The scattered data measured by the single transceiver is processed using compressive sensing techniques in order to perform a 3-D reconstruction of the object under test. Preliminary results show that the CRA outperforms traditional reflector antennas in terms of sensing capacity and reconstruction accuracy.
A Morphological Basis for Classifying the Species of Auricularia

(1951). A Morphological Basis for Classifying the Species of Auricularia. Mycologia: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 351-358.
PREDICTIVE ACCURACY OF RESTING GRADIENT (PD/PA) FOR IDENTIFYING ISCHEMIC CORONARY LESIONS

Adenosine is used to induce maximal hyperemia during fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement. Adenosine administration can be time consuming, with added cost and sometimes may have undesirable side effects. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of resting trans-lesional gradient (distal coronary
Constructing Policies for Supportive Behaviors and Communicative Actions in Human-Robot Teaming

Current state-of-the-art robotic systems deployed in industry work in isolation from humans and do not allow for collaboration. Developing a robot that can work side-by-side with a human presents the advantage of allowing both the robot and the human worker to focus on the task each is best suited for, while assisting one another as needed. For the robot to provide assistive behavior to a human co-worker, it needs to learn what actions it should perform at each time step depending upon the state of the task. Such assistive actions are not intended to simply contribute to the completion of a particular task by instructing the robot to work on subtasks in isolation from the human worker; rather they are meant to help the worker complete the task more efficiently. As such, employing standard policy search or task and motion planning techniques is not sufficient to discover the supportive types of actions my system seeks to offer based on accurate estimations of the current task state. To this end, my research focuses on investigating policy search within hierarchical tasks that allow for two main abilities, namely helping the human co-worker more effectively complete a task and taking communicative actions that reduce state estimation uncertainty by asking the worker direct questions. The policy dictates what action the robot should take at each time step, based on inputs from a motion capture system providing observations about the configuration of the person's hands relative to the objects needed for accomplishing the task, as well as the person's answers to any questions posed by the robot.
Activated carbon fibers for gas storage

The advantages of activated carbon fibers (ACF) over granular activated carbon (GAC) are reviewed and their relationship to ACF structure and texture are discussed. These advantages make ACF very attractive for gas storage applications. Both adsorbed natural gas (ANG) and hydrogen gas adsorption performance are discussed. The predicted and actual structure and performance of lignin-derived ACF are reviewed. The manufacture and performance of ACF derived monolith for potential automotive natural gas (NG) storage applications are reported. Future trends for ACF for gas storage are considered to be positive. The recent improvements in NG extraction coupled with the widespread availability of NG wells means a relatively inexpensive and abundant NG supply in the foreseeable future. This has rekindled interest in NG-powered vehicles. The advantages and benefit of ANG compared to compressed NG offer the promise of accelerated use of ANG as a commuter vehicle fuel. It is to be hoped the current cost hurdle of ACF can be overcome opening ANG applications that take advantage of the favorable properties of ACF versus GAC. Lastly, suggestions are made regarding the direction of future work.
Liquid crystal displays-where are they going?

Summary form only given. A brief description is presented of developments in several nonactive-substrate liquid crystal display technologies, including supertwist, ferroelectric, and laser-addressed smectic displays. >
Catching fire and spreading it: A glimpse into displayed entrepreneurial passion in crowdfunding campaigns

Crowdfunding is an emerging phenomenon that enables entrepreneurs to solicit financial contributions for new projects from mass audiences. Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion and emotional contagion theory, the authors examined the importance of displayed entrepreneurial passion when seeking resources in a crowdfunding context. They proposed that entrepreneurs' displayed passion in the introductory video for a crowdfunding project increases viewers' experienced enthusiasm about the project (i.e., passion contagion), which then prompts them to contribute financially and to share campaign information via social-media channels. Such sharing further facilitates campaign success. In addition, the authors proposed that perceived project innovativeness strengthens the positive effect of displayed passion on social-media exposure and the funding amount a project garners. They first tested their hypotheses in 2 studies using a combination of survey and archival data from the world's 2 most popular crowdfunding platforms: Indiegogo (Study 1) and Kickstarter (Study 2). They then conducted an experiment (Study 3) to validate the proposed passion contagion process, and the effect of displayed entrepreneurial passion at the individual level. Findings from these 3 studies significantly supported their hypotheses. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of their findings. (PsycINFO Database Record
Role of DNA methylation in the dietary restriction mediated cellular memory.

An important facet of dietary restriction (DR) that has been largely overlooked is that DR can have early effects that create a cellular memory, which persists even when DR is discontinued. The goal of this study was to determine if DNA methylation played a role in the cellular memory of DR by examining the effect of short-term DR on gene expression and DNA methylation and determining if the changes in expression and DNA methylation persist when DR is discontinued and mice returned to ad libitum (AL) feeding. We show that DR can induce substantial changes in gene expression within 1 month of its implementation in various tissues, and more interestingly, ~19–50% of these changes in gene expression persist across the tissues even when DR is discontinued. We then determined whether DR induced changes in DNA methylation in the promoter of three candidate genes identified from our gene expression analysis (Pomc, Hsph1, and Nts1) that correlated with the changes in the expression of these genes. Decreased methylation at three specific CG sites in the promoter of the Nts1 gene encompassing the distal consensus AP-1 site was correlated with increased Nts1 expression. Both the promoter hypomethylation and increased Nts1 expression persisted even after DR was discontinued and mice fed AL, supporting our hypothesis that DNA methylation could play a role in the memory effect of DR. The changes in DNA methylation in the Nts1 gene are likely to occur in intestinal stem cells and could play a role in preserving the intestinal stem cell pool in DR mice.
Intracranial Aneurysms: Recent Advances in Management

Intracranial aneurysms, a fascinating and challenging problem for neurosurgeons, can be simply described as abnormal bubbles occurring at branching points of the intracranial arteries due to a weakness of the wall. The most significant damage caused by aneurysms occurs because of their rupture, causing subarachnoid hemorrhage, with other complications. Aneurysms may also cause other neurological symptoms, including compression of the brain and cranial nerves and cerebral ischemia. A number of advances have taken place in the management of cerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage; however, they remain a major public health problem, and are of great interest to all physicians.
Validation of the VBLaST pattern cutting task: a learning curve study.

Mastery of laparoscopic skills is essential in surgical practice and requires considerable time and effort to achieve. The Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST-PC©) is a virtual simulator that was developed as a computerized version of the pattern cutting (PC) task in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) system. To establish convergent validity for the VBLaST-PC©, we assessed trainees’ learning curves using the cumulative summation (CUSUM) method and compared them with those on the FLS. Twenty-four medical students were randomly assigned to an FLS training group, a VBLaST training group, or a control group. Fifteen training sessions, 30 min in duration per session per day, were conducted over 3 weeks. All subjects completed pretest, posttest, and retention test (2 weeks after posttest) on both the FLS and VBLaST© simulators. Performance data, including time, error, FLS score, learning rate, learning plateau, and CUSUM score, were analyzed. The learning curve for all trained subjects demonstrated increasing performance and a performance plateau. CUSUM analyses showed that five of the seven subjects reached the intermediate proficiency level but none reached the expert proficiency level after 150 practice trials. Performance was significantly improved after simulation training, but only in the assigned simulator. No significant decay of skills after 2 weeks of disuse was observed. Control subjects did not show any learning on the FLS simulator, but improved continually in the VBLaST simulator. Although VBLaST©- and FLS-trained subjects demonstrated similar learning rates and plateaus, the majority of subjects required more than 150 trials to achieve proficiency. Trained subjects demonstrated improved performance in only the assigned simulator, indicating specificity of training. The virtual simulator may provide better opportunities for learning, especially with limited training exposure.
Characteristics and Health Needs of Veterans in Jails and Prisons: What We Know and Do Not Know about Incarcerated Women Veterans.

Abstract Purpose The majority of U.S. veterans in prisons and local jails are men, but incarcerated women veterans remain an important and understudied group. Methods This study reported differences in sociodemographic, health, and criminal justice characteristics using Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data on a national sample of 30,964 incarcerated veterans (30,440 men and 524 women) who received outreach from the VA Health Care for Reentry Veterans program between 2007 and 2011. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regressions determined gender and racial differences in this population. Results Compared with incarcerated veterans who were men, incarcerated women veterans were younger (d = 0.68), had significantly lower lifetime arrests (AOR, 0.65; p Conclusions These findings suggest that incarcerated women veterans are interested in VA health care services, but there is lack of information about women's health needs through the Health Care for Reentry Veterans program. The inclusion of Health Care for Reentry Veterans screening questions about women's health issues may support the VA's interests to better engage women veterans in care.
The Role of CYP2E1 in Alcohol Metabolism and Sensitivity in the Central Nervous System

Ethanol consumption has effects on the central nervous system (CNS), manifesting as motor incoordination, sleep induction (hypnosis), anxiety, amnesia, and the reinforcement or aversion of alcohol consumption. Acetaldehyde (the direct metabolite of ethanol oxidation) contributes to many aspects of the behavioral effects of ethanol. Given acetaldehyde cannot pass through the blood brain barrier, its concentration in the CNS is primarily determined by local production from ethanol. Catalase and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) represent the major enzymes in the CNS that catalyze ethanol oxidation. CYP2E1 is expressed abundantly within the microsomes of certain brain cells and is localized to particular brain regions. This chapter focuses on the discussion of CYP2E1 in ethanol metabolism in the CNS, covering topics including how it is regulated, where it is expressed and how it influences sensitivity to ethanol in the brain.
The creation of sexual dimorphism in Drosophila gonad stem cell niches

Sex-specific development of the gonads is a key aspect of sexual dimorphism that is regulated by Doublesex/Mab3 Related Transcription Factors (DMRTs). We find that in mutants for Drosophila dsx, important components of the male and female gonad stem cell niches (hubs and terminal filaments/cap cells, respectively) still form. Initially, gonads in all dsx mutants (both XX and XY) initiate the male program of development, but later half of these gonads switch to form female stem cell niche structures. One individual can have both male-type and female-type gonad niches, however male and female niches are not observed in the same gonad, indicating that cells make a "group decision" about which program to follow. We conclude that dsx does not act in an instructive manner to regulate male vs. female nice formation, as these structures form in the absence of dsx function. Instead, dsx acts to "tip the balance" between the male or female programs, which are then executed independent of dsx. We show that bric-a-brac acts downstream of dsx to control the male vs. female niche decision. These results indicate that, in both flies and mammals, the sexual fate of the somatic gonad is remarkably plastic and is controlled by a combination of autonomous and non-autonomous cues.
Managing PCOS-Related Infertility: Ovulation Induction, In Vitro Fertilization, and In Vitro Maturation

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects up to 15 % of reproductive-age women. One of the hallmarks of the disorder is anovulation, making infertility an area of high concern within this population. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available to assist women with PCOS to achieve a healthy pregnancy. After exclusion of additional contributing factors to the infertility diagnosis, ovulation induction remains the mainstay in the management of PCOS-related infertility. For anovulatory women with excess body mass, weight loss is the most physiologic method to restore ovulatory cycles. When medical intervention is indicated, clomiphene citrate is considered the gold standard modality for ovulation induction, although aromatase inhibitors are increasingly being utilized in recent years. Alternative approaches include ovarian stimulation with the use of gonadotropins, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and, on an individualized basis, in vitro maturation (IVM). In patients with PCOS, the goal of all fertility treatment modalities is to achieve a singleton live birth, while protecting patient safety, limiting the potential risks of multiple pregnancies, and preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
High-temperature 17 O and 89 Y NMR of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ

We report measurements of ${}^{17}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{89}\mathrm{Y}$ NMR Knight shift and ${(T}_{1}{T)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for temperatures ranging from ${T}_{c}$ up to 700 K. The contrasting behaviors of ${}^{17}\mathrm{O},$ ${}^{89}\mathrm{Y},$ and ${}^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$ are compared with theoretical predictions based on the ``single component'' description of electronic structure. We find that while the ${}^{17}\mathrm{O}$ behavior is as predicted, the ${}^{89}\mathrm{Y}$ is quite surprising, displaying ${}^{89}{(T}_{1}{T)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=\mathrm{constant}$ behavior (within experimental precision of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4%) over the full range, despite a $13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2%$ drop (from 300 to 700 K) in the static susceptibility and a $14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2%$ drop in ${}^{17}{(T}_{1}{T)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$
Solving Complex Tasks Hierarchically from Demonstrations

Robot learning from demonstration is an approach to enable non-expert users to program a robot for new tasks effectively. In this paper, we consider the problem of how to learn complex tasks from demonstrations and how to use learned knowledge to solve a new task. A two-layer hierarchical framework is proposed. In the bottom layer, a Bayesian non-parametric learning algorithm is used to segment the trajectory of the whole task into subtasks or skills which are consequently trained as probabilistic movement primitives. In the top layer, a linear temporal logic specification is used in the synthesis framework that generalizes to new tasks. Our proposed approach is tested and validated with a coffee refill experiment on a Baxter humanoid robot.
An Interview with James Kwesi Anquandah

Professor James Kwesi Anquandah was Ghana’s first archaeologist. He was also the first Ghanaian to become head of the Archaeology Department at the University of Ghana, which was the first archaeology department in sub-Saharan Africa, established in 1951. Dedicating his life to Ghanaian archaeology, particularly during the difficult years in Ghana in the 1980s and early 1990s, Anquandah had a significant impact on the development of archaeology in Ghana. In addition to his research, advisory and curatorial work, Professor Anquandah was instrumental in the training of three generations of Ghanaian archaeologists. During the course of a professional career that spanned nearly six decades, Professor Anquandah made archaeology relevant and accessible to all Ghanaians.
Impact of Solution Chemistry and Particle Anisotropy on the Collective Dynamics of Oriented Aggregation

Although oriented aggregation of particles is a widely recognized mechanism of crystal growth, the impact of many fundamental parameters, such as crystallographically distinct interfacial structures, solution composition, and nanoparticle morphology, on the governing mechanisms and assembly kinetics are largely unexplored. Thus, the collective dynamics of systems exhibiting OA has not been predicted. In this context, we investigated the structure and dynamics of boehmite aggregation as a function of solution pH and ionic strength. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy shows that boehmite nanoplatelets assemble by oriented attachment on (010) planes. The coagulation rate constants obtained from dynamic light scattering during the early stages of aggregation span 7 orders of magnitude and cross both the reaction-limited and diffusion-limited regimes. Combining a simple scaling analysis with calculations for stability ratios and rotational/translational diffusivities of irregular particle shapes, the ef...
Nonvanishing of Fourier Coefficients and Applications

In this chapter, we start by stating the Generalized Ramanujan conjecture (GRC) for Siegel modular forms.
A Great Academic Re-awakening: The Return to a Political Economy of Religion

Ever since the dawn of civilization, human beings have been mixing religion and politics. And irrespective of various attempts to “separate church and state” or “secularize” society by confining matters of spiritual belief to the private sphere, the realms of religion and politics have remained intertwined and will, in all likelihood, continue to be. Indeed, speaking of “separate realms” may be misleading given that people with religious convictions take their beliefs and values into the political arena as a way of informing their choices and behavior. Political authorities, irrespective of their own faith, must factor the existence of people with religious beliefs. Even self-proclaimed atheistic rulers such as Vladimir Lenin and Josef Stalin had to devise policies of how to deal with the remnants of the Orthodox Church that they could not extinguish. Even in North Korea, history’s most-recent paragon of secular totalitarianism, President Kim Jong-Un must repeatedly enforce restrictions on Christians who refuse to vanish. Religion and politics will continue to mix and it behooves social scientists to understand why and how.
Supply Chain Management Software for Textile Networks at ITMA 2019

At ITMA 2019, many types of textile supply chain software were exhibited. This paper focuses specifically on Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) systems for textile supply chains. Ten software packages are discussed and suggestions for selecting APS software are presented.
Do Teach For America Corps Members Still Improve Student Achievement? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Teach For America's Scale-Up Effort

In 2010, Teach For America (TFA) launched a major expansion effort, funded in part by a five-year Investing in Innovation scale-up grant from the U.S. Department of Education. To examine the effect...
Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce expression of chromosomally tagged variant-specific surface protein genes in Giardia lamblia.

RNA interference and miRNA mediated mechanisms have been proposed to explain the expression of a specific variant of VSP at a time on the surface of Giardia lamblia. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms involving histone acetylations have been proposed to explain the process of vsp gene switching in Giardia lamblia. However, due to the limited availability of specific antibodies for all the vsp variants present in the genome, it was difficult to monitor vsp gene switching. In this study, we have used an endogenous tagging method to tag specific vsp genes vsp1267 and vsp9B10A with a sequence encoding hemagglutinin (HA) epitope at the 3′end of the coding sequences without altering the 5′ upstream elements. With this method, we have monitored the expression of the tagged vsp genes in cells treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors using RT-PCR. Our results show that vsp1267-3XHA can be induced by treatment with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, M344 and splitomicin but not by apicidin and Trichostatin A, while vsp9B10A-3XHA expression can be induced by Trichostatin A and splitomicin but not by sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, M344 and apicidin. The induced expression of these variants was not due to growth inhibition. These results support the role of histone acetylations in vsp expression.
The Forgotten (Practical) Side of School Safety: What Do Clery Reports Say about CPTED and Crime on College Campuses?

Following incidents of school violence, common discourse often neglects the role of practical approaches, such as CPTED, to safeguard campuses. This study utilized a content analysis of U.S. Clery ...
Property-map of epoxy-treated and as-printed polymeric additively manufactured materials

Abstract Additively manufactured, or 3D printed, polymer structures are becoming widespread across many industries including the medical, automotive, and aerospace fields. Contrary to conventional manufacturing techniques, such as injection molding and machining, the cost-effectiveness, quick time-to-market, and ability to manufacture complex geometries make 3D printing a desirable alternative. However, the layer-by-layer process of 3D printing gives rise to poor adhesion strength between the polymer layers, defects and voids, as well as mechanical anisotropy. To investigate the latter, the study herein examines the stress-strain responses of different print orientations for 3D printed ABS samples subjected to tensile, compressive, and flexural loading. The physical properties of samples with the same print conditions and additional post-processing chemical treatment are also considered to include a comprehensive characterization protocol. Despite the print orientation (horizontal, sidewise, and vertical), the elastic modulus and strength at tensile failure of the 3D printed ABS were found to be less than its cast counterpart, by 41% and 46%, respectively. The experimental compressive mechanical properties were predicted, within a 2% error, by using the ratio of the overall cross-sectional area of the horizontally and vertically printed samples. Furthermore, the flexural stiffness and failure were found to be dominated by the tensile loading seen in the section of the sample below the neutral axis. The resulting average moduli and strengths were compiled onto a property-map to delineate the property-process interrelationship of 3D printed ABS, including the effect of diluted epoxy treatment and the dependency of print orientation on its mechanical behavior. In general, the property-map defines the design envelope to gauge the mechanical integrity of 3D printed ABS in different modalities and directionalities.
Undiagnosed aortoesophageal fistula causing intramural hematoma of the esophagus.

Abstract Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare, but life-threatening cause of intramural hematoma of the esophagus (IHE). Typical clinical presentation of AEF includes midthoracic pain and sentinel hemorrhage followed by massive, often fatal, hematemesis, with the period between sentinel hemorrhage and massive hematemesis generally varying from hours to days. This is a case of a 61-year-old male who presented with chest pain after development of an aortoesophageal fistula and associated intramural hematoma of the esophagus. The fistula and associated hematoma were initially mischaracterized on imaging, and went undiagnosed for approximately 2 weeks before being iatrogenically disrupted during endoscopy. Though this case was successfully treated, aortoesophageal fistulas are associated with a high mortality, and aortoesophageal fistula/intramural hematoma of the esophagus should always be considered in the differential of an esophageal mass.
Integrating Digital Datasets into Public Engagement through ArcGIS StoryMaps

Archaeologists have a responsibility to use their research to engage people and provide opportunities for the public to interact with cultural heritage and interpret it on their own terms. This can be done through hypermedia and deep mapping as approaches to public archaeology. In twenty-first-century archaeology, scholars can rely on vastly improved technologies to aid them in these efforts toward public engagement, including digital photography, geographic information systems, and three-dimensional models. These technologies, even when collected for analysis or documentation, can be valuable tools for educating and involving the public with archaeological methods and how these methods help archaeologists learn about the past. Ultimately, academic storytelling can benefit from making archaeological results and methods accessible and engaging for stakeholders and the general public. ArcGIS StoryMaps is an effective tool for integrating digital datasets into an accessible framework that is suitable for interactive public engagement. This article describes the benefits of using ArcGIS StoryMaps for hypermedia and deep mapping–based public engagement using the story of copper production in Iron Age Faynan, Jordan, as a case study.
Blunted heart rate recovery to spontaneous nocturnal arousals in short-sleeping adults

Short habitual sleep is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes, but mechanisms remain equivocal. The present study used objectively measured habitual sleep via wrist actigraphy, and reports t...
Deployable Rigid-Flexible Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (RF-TCDA)

An origami-based Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) is proposed for small satellite applications. The array is formed by a two-layered structure using rigid and flexible substrates to enable accordion-like folding. The proposed TCDA operates across 0.4-2.4 GHz with VSWR < 3 at broadside and across 0.6-2.4 GHz with VSWR < 3 when scanning down to 45∘ in the E-, D-, and H-plane. An 8 × 8 prototype was fabricated using Kapton Polyimide and FR4 and tested to verify the bandwidth and gain of the origami array. The fabricated prototype was demonstrated to be packable, low-profile, and lightweight (only 1.1kg). Notably, when packed, the array has a one-dimensional size reduction of 75%. As will be discussed, the packing compression is made possible by eliminating vertical PCB boards and incorporating the balun feeds within the dipole layer. To our knowledge, this is one of the first foldable, low profile, and low-scanning ultra-wideband arrays in the literature.
Behavioral Influences on Neuroendocrines and Insulin Sensitivity as Precursors of Coronary Heart Disease

Risk factors for coronary heart disease have been identified through epidemiological, clinical, and experimental laboratory studies. The association of coronary heart disease with high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and high total cholesterol concentrations in blood was demonstrated in the Framingham Study more than 20 years ago (Dawber et al. 1957). In addition to the major risk factors, epidemiological studies have also identified other associated characteristics including diabetes mellitus (Stamler and Epstein 1972), obesity (Armstrong et al. 1951), physical inactivity (Jenkins et al. 1974), and the Type A behavior pattern (Jenkins et al. 1974). Also, a decreased risk of coronary heart disease has been demonstrated in association with elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in blood (Gordon et al. 1977).
Robustness optimization of parametric speech watermarking

Parameter-embedded watermarking is effected through slight perturbations of parametric models of some deeply-integrated dynamics of the speech signal. In set-membership filtering (SMF) based parametric watermarking, linear predictor (LP) coefficients of the original speech are modified subject to an objective fidelity constraint. SMF is used to obtain sets of allowable parameter perturbations (i.e., watermarks) subject to a constraint on the error between the watermarked and original material. This paper discusses the robustness of SMF based watermarking to filtering, quantization and combination attacks. An important consideration in watermark robustness is the energy of the watermark signal (difference between watermarked and original signals). The most robust watermark is obtained from perturbed LP coefficients at the boundary of the membership set. A constrained optimization problem is solved to obtain the best watermarks for filtering and quantization attacks.
Photonics for biologists.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides information on: (1) a primer in basic optics and functioning of the light microscope and (2) practical guidance on the functioning of photonic components and construction of complete biophotonic instrumentation. Several ports may be used at the same time—for example, to introduce UV light for photolyzing caged compounds while simultaneously employing a confocal scanner to monitor signals from visible wavelength dyes. The epifluorescent port is, in optical terms, the best for providing external optical access to a microscope. It is located in the infinity space, immediately behind the objective, and the availability of sliders or a turret containing several different filter cubes allows the functioning of the port to be readily switched. The use of a dichroic mirror in the port allows—for example, introduction of short wavelength light for fluorescence excitation while fluorescence emission is viewed through the regular microscope path. Alternatively, a front-surface mirror can be placed in a filter cube so that all light to and from the objective is diverted to the port.
The Gutenberg operating system kernel

THE GUTENBERG SYSTEM IS A PORT-BASED, OBJECT-ORIENTED OPERATING SYSTEM KERNEL DESIGNED TO FACILIATE THE DESIGN AND STRUCTURING OF PROCESSES IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS. THIS IS ACHIEVED BY PROVIDING PRIMITIVES FOR STRUCT- URING PROCESSES THROUGH CONTROLLED PROCESS INTERCONNECTIONS AND THROUGH ACCESS TO SHARED RESOURCES. ONLY SHARED RESOURCES ARE VIEWED AS PROTECTED OBJECTS AND HENCE, ALL SHARED RESOURCES CAN BE ACCESSED ONLY BY SPECIFIC OPERATIONS DEFINED ON THEM. PROCESSES COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER AND ACCESS PROTECTED OBJECTS THROUGH THE USE OF PORTS. EACH PORT IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ABSTRACT DATA TYPE OPERATION AND CAN BE CREATED BY A PROCESS ONLY IF THE PROCESS POSSESSES THE PRIVILEGE TO EXECUTE THAT OPERATION. PRIVI- LEGES ARE REPRESENTED BY ONE OR MORE CAPABILITIES. THUS, ACCESS CONTROL TO SHARED RESOURCES IS ACHIEVED BY CONTROLLING THE ACQUISITION OF CAPABILITIES TO CREATE PORTS BY PROCESSES. CAPABILITIES TO CREATE PORTS FOR REQUESTING OPERATIONS ARE CONTAINED IN THE CAPABILITY DIRECTORY WHICH IS A KERNEL OBJECT, I.E., IS MAINTAINED AND MANIPULATED ONLY BY THE KERNEL. THE PURPOSE OF THE CAPABILITY DIRECTORY IS TO RESTRICT THE USE OF CAPABILITIES IN A CONSISTENT AND ORDERLY WAY. AT ANY TIME, EACH PROCESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A SINGLE SUBDIRECTORY OF THE CAP- ABILITY DIRECTORY DESIGNATED AS ITS ACTIVE DIRECTORY. THE PROTECTION DO- MAIN OF A PROCESS IS DEFINED BY THE SET OF STABLE CAPABILITIES IN ITS ACTIV