cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability-oriented programs for regulating water withdrawals in riparian regions

[1] Under permit programs stemming from regulated riparian systems of water withdrawal control, significant quantities of water cannot be withdrawn from the stream without a withdrawal-constraining permit. There are two versions of such a permit system, one of which fixes the allowable withdrawal, the other of which allows withdrawals to vary directly with streamflows. However, both tie allowable withdrawal to streamflow at some level, the former simply shutting off all withdrawals when the streamflow breaches a low flow standard. Simple logic and the simulation of such systems with hydrologic models predict, in cases where the indexing gauge is downstream of the withdrawal point, the possibility of unstable feedback, leading to severe variability of both streamflow and allowable withdrawal. In this paper we characterize the streamflow variability with three indices, namely, flow crossing, flow reversal, and standard deviation, and compare the difference in those indices to represent the degree of the streamflow variability under the fixed flow and fractional flow withdrawal permit programs. Techniques based on control theory are proposed for modifying the fractional flow withdrawal program to reduce the streamflow variability. It is concluded that regulatory programs modified by inclusion of a first-order filter are able to reduce streamflow variability without significant sacrifice in net benefit or low flow frequency.
Partial denture swallowed by patient with dementia

Purpose To present a rare case of a male dementia patient in a nursing home who swallowed a partial denture which lodged in the airway. Methods During breakfast, a patient with moderate dementia experienced a sore throat, labored breathing, and difficulty swallowing. Uncertainty about the cause of these problems was exacerbated by the patient's cognitive losses, his reduced oro-motor function, and awareness of caregivers that the possible involvement of a denture of this size was unlikely. At the beginning of the third day, he developed a low-grade fever and was placed on antibiotics. A chest x-ray was negative. Results On the fourth day, a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was performed, which revealed the partial denture resting in the hypopharynx on the patient's vocal cords. Discussion Along with pneumonia and viral bronchitis, a swallowed denture needs to be in the differential diagnosis of a dementia patient experiencing difficulty swallowing. Conclusions Nursing home caregivers be aware that even a sizable partial denture can be swallowed and extra vigilance is essential in caring for dementia patients.
Ethno-Racial Attitudes and Social Inequality

Ethno-racial attitudes, beliefs, and identities play a fundamental constitutive role in the experience, re-production, and process of change in larger societal patterns of ethno-racial inequality and relations. Recognizing there is a strong bias in sociology toward what might be termed structural over-determination, we summarize the record on ethno-racial attitudinal change, review major models of racial prejudice, and describe key social psychological processes and outcomes in three spheres of social life: the labor market, residential segregation, and politics. A core subtext of this review is that race is the quintessential domain in which heavy and explicit reliance on social psychological concepts, process, and theories is unavoidable if we are to understand the durable patterns of ethno-racial inequality.
Antecedents to participation in corporate social responsibility programs

Purpose – In today's competitive marketplace, companies are devoting an increasing amount of time and money to establishing themselves as socially responsible, in an effort to appeal to the value system of their target customers (Sen and Bhattacharya). In the current study, the paper focuses on corporate social responsibility (CSR) appeals in which the company promises to donate a portion of the purchase price to a charitable cause and requests a matching donation from the customer. More specifically, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the joint effects of status, proximity to CSR, and empathy towards the cause on consumers' willingness to donate money to a charity.Design/methodology/approach – The study used written scenarios and a 2×2×2 between subjects quasi experimental design to test the hypotheses. The authors predicted that status would interact with empathy and proximity of the cause to influence customers' donation behavior.Findings – The results supported these predictions. Status seeki...
Soy Lecithin Phospholipid Determination by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the Acid Digest/Arseno-Molybdate Method: A Comparative Study

A study was conducted to determine the accuracy and precision of phospholipid analysis by a simple Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method relative to the conventional phospholipid phosphorus analysis by the acid digest/arseno-molybdate method by Bartlett. Commercial soy lecithins of known concentrations of phospholipid were prepared and the phospholipid content measured by the FTIR and Bartlett methods. The coefficients of determination and of variances using the two methods were determined. The coefficient of determination for the FTIR method was >0.976 while that for the Bartlett method was ∼0.821. The coefficients of variances (CV) for 1–20% phospholipid concentration range using 10 replicate samples were found to lie between 3.59 and 9.45% for the FTIR method, while the Bartlett method had much higher CV for the same range and replicates (8.95 to 48.73%), signifying the higher accuracy and precision of the FTIR compared to the Bartlett method in the determination of the actual percentage of phospholipid. The Bartlett method gave no significant difference in the phospholipid levels at smaller concentrations, indicating its limitation in accurately determining percentage phospholipid of samples at low concentrations. The one-way analysis of variance at the 1–20% phospholipid concentration range showed that there were significant differences in the mean percentage phospholipid levels for the FTIR data, which was therefore able to distinguish samples with small differences in phospholipid levels. The FTIR method gave consistently reliable results within the range chosen (1–20% phospholipid content). FTIR is a fast, simple, and reliable analytical tool for quantitative phospholipid analysis.
Interaction Ritual Theory and Structural Symbolic Interactionism

This article develops a comparison between structural approaches to symbolic interaction, as described by Sheldon Stryker (1968, 1980, 2008), and interaction ritual theory, elaborated by Randall Collins (1981, 1998, 2004). The value of this comparison lies in both the similarities and differences between the perspectives: each is committed to developing empirically grounded, general knowledge and emphasizes interaction as an emergent unit of sociological analysis. However, their disparate intellectual heritages lead them to stake out different positions regarding the nature of interaction, the self, and social structure. We suggest that the differences between structural symbolic interaction and interaction ritual theory offer important areas for theoretical innovation, and we highlight a few directions that seem especially promising.
A Rare Charged Kaon Experiment at Fermilab

The measurement of the branching ratio for K + → π + ν ν ¯ is considered to be one of the best ways of measuring the CKM matrix element Vtd. The BNL experiments E787 and E949 have seen 3 instances of this decay, using a stopped kaon beam. To improve the statistics enough to make a good measurement will require a decay-in-flight experiment. Fermilab has approved such an experiment–E921. The status of this experiment and a new proposed experiment–P940–is discussed here.
An assessment of the Sartorius MD8 microbiological air sampler

Tests described in this paper show that gelatine membrane filters used in the MD8 microbiological air sampling system collected monodispersed aerosols between 0.7 and 1.0 microns containing viable Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores, with an efficiency of 99.9995%. Gelatine membrane filters linked to the MD8 control pump system were as effective as the well established Casella slit-to-agar device for collecting some viable bacteria, nebulized under controlled experimental conditions and naturally occurring airborne micro-organisms in a pharmaceutical plant. By using a long flexible hose connection to the control pump, the head could be positioned where sampling was required in locations remote from the pump exhaust, making it suitable for microbiological monitoring in critical locations such as laminar flow stations and isolators.
CD46 is a cellular receptor for group B adenoviruses

Group B adenoviruses, a subgenus of human Adenoviridae, are associated with a variety of often-fatal illnesses in immunocompromised individuals, including bone marrow transplant recipients and cancer and AIDS patients. Recently, group B adenovirus derivatives have gained interest as attractive gene therapy vectors because they can transduce target tissues, such as hematopoietic stem cells, dendritic cells and malignant tumor cells, that are refractory to infection by commonly used adenoviral vectors. Whereas many adenoviruses infect cells through the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), group B adenoviruses use an alternate, as-yet-unidentified cellular attachment receptor. Using mass spectrometric analysis of proteins interacting with a group B fiber, we identified human CD46 as a cellular attachment receptor for most group B adenoviruses. We show that ectopic expression of human CD46 rendered nonhuman cells susceptible to infection with group B viruses in vitro and in vivo. In addition, both siRNA-mediated knockdown of CD46 and a soluble form of CD46 blocked infection of human cell lines and primary human cells. The discovery that group B adenoviruses use CD46, a ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein, as a cellular attachment receptor elucidates the diverse clinical manifestation of group B virus infections, and bears directly on the application of these vectors for gene therapy.
A study of the excited states of 127I populated in the decay of 127Te and 127mTe

Abstract Gamma ray singles, coincidence and angular correlation studies have been performed to aid in determination of the spins of several excited states in 127 I and the multipolarities of the gamma ray transitions from these states. The results, when analysed in conjunction with other recent findings, allow unique spin assignments of 5 2 , 7 2 , 3 2 and 5 2 to be made for the ground, 0.0576, 0.203 and 0.417 MeV states, respectively. In addition, a state at 0.649 MeV has been observed which had been unreported in previous studies. The close similarity between these states and those in 121 Sb is noted.
Intestinal Replacement Therapy: Timing and Indications for Referral of Patients to an Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Program

Current treatment options for patients suffering from intestinal insufficiency include all forms of intestinal replacement therapy (IRT). Parenteral nutrition has achieved extended success for the majority of patients requiring interval treatment, however, complications leading to failure of this treatment increases with the duration of therapy. There is currently no consensus as to the appropriate timing for transplantation of the intestine or the timing of referral for evaluation at a center experienced with this therapy. Certain patient characteristics warrant evaluation. Those patients with no jejunoileum who have guaranteed lifelong parenteral dependence, both adult and pediatric, should be immediately referred to a transplant center due to the high likelihood of the development of liver disease. Patients with metastatic infectious complications from catheter sepsis, patients with cholestasis seen intermittently with sepsis episodes, patients who are not successfully weaning and who demonstrate progressive thrombocytopenia, and patients with motility disorder experiencing deterioration should also warrant early referral to an intestinal rehabilitation and transplant program. The objective of evaluation is to maximize the opportunities for rehabilitation while not missing the critical window of opportunity for successful transplantation when needed. We favor an aggressive directed approach to rehabilitation, coupled with psychological preparation for both transplantations and other options. Early referral requires trust between the patient, referring physician, and the transplant team to assure that a rush to judgment will not lead to a premature transplant. The current wait list mortality is high, mandating early referral and listing with an approach aimed at maximizing both the success of gastrointestinal support, as well as of transplantation when necessary.
Al-Sultān Al-Hattāb's Treatise On the IĞāz Al-Qur¸Ān

Le risāla comme le montre l'introduction, a ete compile pour renforcer les conceptions d'un autre risāla intitule Risālat al-burhān al-anwar fī i'gaz of sūrat al-kawtar, le 108 ieme chapitre du Coran intitule Abondance, mais aussi pour rectifier les erreurs contenues dans celui-ci. Le second Risālat est aussi destine a refuter un tract anonyme intitule replique au Coran. Le nom de l'auteur du Risālat al-burhān n'est pas mentionne, mais il semble qu'il etait important. L'A. entend presenter le risāla d'al-Hattab
Suppression of twin formation in CdTe(111)B epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on misoriented Si(001)

CdTe(lll)B layers have been grown on misoriented Si(001). Twin formation inside CdTe(lll)B layer is very sensitive to the substrate tilt direction. When Si(001) is tilted toward [110] or [100], a fully twinned layer is obtained. When Si(001) is tilted toward a direction significantly away from [110], a twin-free layer is obtained. Microtwins inside the CdTe(111)B layers are overwhelmingly dominated by the lamellar twins. CdTe(111)B layers always start with heavily lamellar twinning. For twin-free layers, the lamellar twins are gradually suppressed and give way to twin-free CdTe(111)B layer. The major driving forces for suppressing the lamellar twinning are the preferential orientation of CdTe[11-2] along Si[1-10] and lattice relaxation. Such preferential orientation is found to exist for the CdTe(111)B layers grown on Si(001) tilted toward a direction between [110] and [100].
A formal interface design methodology based on user knowledge

In this paper we propose a formal interface design methodology based on user knowledge. The general methodology consists of 1) obtaining distance estimates for pairs of system units (objects, actions, concepts), 2) transforming the distance estimates using scaling techniques (e.g., Pathfinder network analysis), and 3) organizing the system interface based on the scaling solution. Thus, the organization of the system is based on the cognitive models of users rather than the intuitions of designers. As an example, we discuss the application of our methodology to the design of a network-based indexing aid for the UNIX on-line documentation system (MAN).
Automated direct deconditioning of a childhood phobia

Abstract The authors present a procedure for the treatment of childhood phobias. Involving aspects of deconditioning, systematic desensitization and reinforced practice, it is referred to as automated direct deconditioning. The application of the procedure to a fear of loud noises in an 11-yr-old boy is described. Treatment was self-administered by the child in his home. Following relaxation in a darkened room, he listened to increasingly longer portions of a tape recording in which feared sounds were systematically superimposed upon selections of his favorite music. Participation in the sessions was reinforced by the child's parents. Within 24 sessions, over an 8-day period, the phobia was eliminated. The advantages of the procedure and its possibilities for other childhood phobias are discussed.
ALTERATIONS EM LEVELS OF VASCULAR HISTAMINE IN THE DOCA-HYPERTENSIVE RAT

SUMMARY 1. Histamine was detected in the abdominal aorta and the femoral arteries of normotensive and also DOCA-hypertensive rats. 2. Levels of total histamine (mast cell and non-mast cell histamine) were significantly reduced in both abdominal aorta and the femoral artery of the DOCA-hypertensive rats, relative to the normotensive controls. 3. It is suggested that the diminished level of vascular histamine may be related to the development and/or maintenance of the hypertensive state and is also related to the reduced magnitude of active reflex vasodilatation.
Psychiatric Impairment and Childhood Victimization Experiences in Female Child Molesters

ABSTRACT Objective To assess psychiatric impairment and childhood victimization experiences in female child molesters. Method Eleven incarcerated female child molesters were compared to 11 women imprisoned for nonsexual offenses as to their psychiatric diagnoses based on interviews with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Outpatient Version (SCID-OP), the SCID II for Personality Disorders, and the Harvard-Upjohn Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Interview. A family and sexual history with a description of childhood victimization experiences was also obtained by using the Wyatt Sexual History Questionnaire. Results The majority of the subjects in each group exhibited major depression, alcohol/substance abuse, and PTSD, but the sexual offenders demonstrated more psychiatric impairment on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale on the SCID-OP. The sexual offenders demonstrated a higher incidence of childhood physical and sexual abuse within the family than the comparison group, and these victimization experiences were more severe and more frequently associated with PTSD. The sexual offenders and the comparison women described negative relationships with parents and caretakers, and with spouses or boyfriends. However, the sexual offenders perceived their parents as more abusive, while the comparison women regarded their parents as more neglecting. Conclusions Incarcerated female child molesters exhibited greater psychiatric impairment and more intra-familial physical and sexual abuse than a comparison group of women imprisoned for nonsexual offenses.
Alzheimer's disease: From big data to mechanism.

The gene variant APOE4 is the most common genetic risk factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. A comprehensive, multilayer study reveals the molecular and cellular signatures of APOE4 in humans.
Clinical genetics of hereditary colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease, and approximately 25% of patients have a familial component. High-penetrance singlegene germline mutations conferring a true hereditary susceptibility account for around 5% to 6% of all cases. Lynch syndrome is the most common hereditary form of colorectal cancer. Much of the hereditary component in the remaining familial cases of CRC is likely polygenic, and many of the genetic changes involved are as yet unidentified. This article addresses the most clinically important CRC genetic syndromes.
31P NMR spectroscopy of 9L cell line in culture: differential effects of high temperature on anchored cells and spheroids.

The differential effects of high temperature on 9L rat gliosarcoma cells cultured in two distinctive forms, namely, anchored monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids, were investigated using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The critical temperatures resulting in irreversible changes in cellular energetics were found to be significantly different: 45°C for anchored cells and 43°C for multicellular spheroids, respectively. Phosphonionoester levels in multicellular spheroids were found to be consistently higher than those in anchored monolayer cells regardless of the temperature to which they were exposed. The study demonstrates that tissue derived from a single cell line may exhibit different metabolic properties depending on its growth pattern. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Modeling groundwater in multimodal porous media with localized decompositions

In the present paper, a new stochastic framework is introduced to decompose random variables. This decomposition method is shown to better capture and reflect the medium heterogeneity for multimodal porous media than the classical Reynolds decomposition does. In particular, with this decomposition method, the variance of log conductivity is decomposed into two parts. The first one measures the mean differences of log conductivity across different units having high contrasting conductivity. The second part measures the variation of log conductivity arisen within individual units. Based on this localized decomposition, a new stochastic model is proposed for flow in a highly heterogeneous porous media. This stochastic model shall produce much sharper approximations under the assumption that only the second part of the variance of log conductivity is small. Therefore, the proposed model can partially overcome the assumption of small composite variance for log conductivity in current theory for both flow and transport.
The future of the law and economics movement in Europe

Abstract It is an honor to be asked to address the European Law and Economics Association. It is, after all, the senior law and economics professional association, having been founded 7 years before the American Law and Economics Association; and its growth, its vigor, and its achievements, in an environment less auspicious to law and economics than the United States, are truly remarkable. I want to speak about the difference in environments, and then to make some suggestions concerning the future of what is properly not an American or a European movement, but an international movement.
Partial purification of mitochondrial and supernatant DNA polymer from saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Yeast mitochondria incorporate [3H]TMP into DNA that has a buoyant density of mitochondrial DNA. The reaction does not require additional DNA and is not inhibited by deoxyribonuclease. DNA polymerase has been solubilized and purified about 50 fold from mitochondria and about 150 fold from the supernatant fraction of the cell. Enzymatic properties of the two enzyme preparations are similar. Density gradient centrifugation indicates that the supernatant and mitochondrial enzymes have a different molecular size.
The interaction of [3H]TPA with bovine lymph node lymphocytes in vitro.

Abstract The potent tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), is an effective modulator of DNA synthesis in bovine lymph node lymphocytes in culture. The effect of TPA on cellular proliferation depends to a great extent on the length of exposure and the mitogenic stimulus. Addition of TPA along with mitogenic lectins enhances DNA synthesis. Exposure to TPA for 2 days before addition of lectins depresses DNA synthesis. There is evidence that some inhbitory material other than TPA is formed during the longer incubation. Therefore, in this study, we used [3H]TPA to determine (i) the amount of material retained by the cells after preincubation and (ii) if TPA was metabolized during this culture period. We found that after incubation with 10−7 M, [3H]TPA, less than 3% of the radioactivity was retained by the cells. This was released by incubation in fresh medium. All of the cell associated material appeared to be TPA. However, the TPA in the medium was degraded by about 30% during a 2-day incubation to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol (TP), phorbol-13-acetate (PA) and phorbol. The source of the hydrolytic activity appeared to be serum because the same effect was seen in the absence of cells but was not seen in the absence of serum. These metabolites when added directly to the lymphocytes had no effect on DNA synthesis. Moreover, the amount of TPA retained by the cells and released into the medium was too small to account for the inhibitory activity of medium from TPA-treated cells. Studies are in progress to determine the nature of the inhibitory material after exposure to TPA.
Extension of Sample Sizes and Percentage Points for Significance Tests of Outlying Observations

Tables of percentage points for significance tests conrerning the highest or the lowest observation in normal samples, or the two highest or the two lowest observations in normal samples, were recently extended to larger sample sizes than heretofore published and to probability levels of .005 and .001. These tables are being pltblished to satisfy a long existing demand for such extensions.
Point source emissions mapping using the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)

The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) measures reflected solar radiation in the shortwave infrared and has been used to map methane (CH4) using both a radiative transfer technique [1] and a band ratio method [2]. However, these methods are best suited to water bodies with high sunglint and are not well suited for terrestrial scenes. In this study, a cluster-tuned matched filter algorithm originally developed by Funk et al. [3] for synthetic thermal infrared data was used for gas plume detection over more heterogeneous backgrounds. This approach permits mapping of CH4, CO2 (carbon dioxide), and N2O (nitrous oxide) trace gas emissions in multiple AVIRIS scenes for terrestrial and marine targets. At the Coal Oil Point marine seeps offshore of Santa Barbara, CA, strong CH4 anomalies were detected that closely resemble results obtained using the band ratio index. CO2 anomalies were mapped for a fossil-fuel power plant, while multiple N2O and CH4 anomalies were present at the Hyperion wastewater treatment facility in Los Angeles, CA. Nearby, smaller CH4 anomalies were also detected immediately downwind of hydrocarbon storage tanks and centered on a flaring stack at the Inglewood Gas Plant. Improving these detection methods might permit gas detection over large search areas, e.g. identifying fugitive CH4 emissions from damaged natural gas pipelines or hydraulic fracturing. Further, this technique could be applied to other trace gasses with distinct absorption features and to data from planned instruments such as AVIRISng, the NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP), and the visible-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) sensor on the proposed HyspIRI satellite. © (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Forces on three-level atoms including coherent population trapping

We present a calculation of the force on a stationary three-level atom excited by a nearly resonant Raman light field, which may be composed of an arbitrary combination of standing- and traveling-wave fields. The effects of the ground-state coherences are explicitly included and are shown to play a crucial role in the nature of the force on the atom. We show that the force contains terms that vary on length scales both shorter and longer than the optical wavelength and that the magnitude of these terms can be made arbitrarily large.
Continued experience with physical examination alone for evaluation and management of penetrating zone 2 neck injuries: results of 145 cases.

Abstract Purpose: Our preliminary experience with physical examination alone in the evaluation of penetrating zone 2 neck injuries for vascular trauma was previously reported in 28 patients over a 2-year period (1991-1993). The purpose of the current study was to examine the results of this approach in a much larger group of patients over an 8-year period. Methods: The medical records for all patients admitted to our level I trauma center (all of them entered into our prospective protocol) between December 1991 and April 1999 with penetrating zone 2 neck trauma were reviewed for their initial presentation and any documented vascular injury. Results: A total of 145 patients made up the study group; in 30 of these patients, the penetrating trajectory also traversed zone 1 or 3. Thirty-one patients (21%) had hard signs of vascular injury (active bleeding, expanding hematoma, bruit/thrill, pulse deficit, central neurologic deficit) and were taken immediately to the operating room; 28 (90%) of these 30 patients had either major arterial or venous injuries requiring operative repair (the false-positive rate for physical examination thus being 10%). Of the 114 patients with no hard signs, 23 underwent arteriography because of proximity of the injury to the vertebral arteries or because the trajectory included another zone. Of these 23 arteriograms, three showed abnormalities, but only one required operative repair. This case had no complications relating to the initial delay. The remaining 91 patients with no hard signs were observed without imaging or surgery for a minimum of 23 hours, and none had any evidence of vascular injury during hospitalization or during the initial 2-week follow-up period (1/114; false-negative rate for physical examination, 0.9%). Conclusions: This series confirms the earlier report indicating that patients with zone 2 penetrating neck wounds can be safely and accurately evaluated by physical examination alone to confirm or exclude vascular injury. The missed-injury rate is 0.7% (1/145) with this approach, which is comparable to arteriography in accuracy but less costly and noninvasive. Long-term follow-up is needed to confirm this management option. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:483-9.)
The formation of a quencher of the fluorescence of chromatophores from photosynthetic bacteria

Abstract The fluorescence of bacteriochlorophyll, bacteriopheophytin and chlorobium chlorophyll in isolated chromatophores was observed to decrease during irradiation with blue light under aerobic conditions. Near-infrared irradiation (853 nm) caused a decrease in the fluorescence of bacteriochlorophyll in chromatophores isolated from a mutant of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides which lacks colored carotenoids but was ineffective in causing the decline of the fluorescence of the wild-type chromatophores. In chromatophores of the mutant lacking colored carotenoids a simple hyperbolic relation between duration of irradiation and fluorescence was found in the fluorescence of bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin. In addition to the photooxidative formation of the fluorescence quencher, a quencher was also formed by dark oxidation with ferricyanide. The quencher formation appears to be related to previously reported photooxidative phenomena of photosynthetic systems.
Synthesis and biological activity of an amino analogue of a tripeptide inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme

An amino analogue of N-benzoyl-phenylalanyl-glycyl-proline, a tripeptide inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, was synthesized. The analogue (III) has the phenylalanyl-glycine amide linkage of N-benzoyl-phenylalanyl-glycyl-proline reduced to a methylene amine. Compound III was tested as an inhibitor of porcine plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme and has an I50 of 620 microM compared with an I50 of 9.6 microM for its parent tripeptide. These results are explained in terms of a proposed model of the converting-enzyme active site.
Nano-compact disks with 400 Gbit/in2 storage density fabricated using nanoimprint lithography and read with proximal probe

Nano-compact disks (Nano-CDs) with 400 Gbit/in2 topographical bit density (nearly three orders of magnitude higher than commercial CDs) have been fabricated using nanoimprint lithography. The reading and wearing of such Nano-CDs have been studied using scanning proximal probe methods. Using a tapping mode, a Nano-CD was read 1000 times without any detectable degradation of the disk or the silicon probe tip. In accelerated wear tests with a contact mode, the damage threshold was found to be 19 μN. This indicates that in a tapping mode, both the Nano-CD and silicon probe tip should have a lifetime that is at least four orders of magnitude longer than that at the damage threshold.
The production of the auroral spectrum in the laboratory

The purpose of my studies of the auroral spectrum can be well summed up by quoting from a paper by Maris and Hulburt (Maris and Hulburt, Phys. Rev., v. 33, p. 412, 1929) on aurorae and magnetic storms. They say that a complete theory of auroras “will require among other things complete knowledge of the energy levels, metastable states, and transition probabilities of the atmospheric atoms and molecules, as well as of the exact processes which give rise to the aurora light.” To a spectroscopist, especially one who is interested in obtaining unusual light-sources, the light of the aurora offers both a fascination and a challenge. It is fascinating because of its fickleness, since no two auroras have exactly the same spectrum, and it is challenging because of the strange combination of lines and bands that it contains. It is difficulty to imagine one source of light in which all the features of the auroral spectrum are observed. At least this is difficult to one whose experiences are determined by the limitations of the laboratory.
Benjamin Franklin's Printing Network: Disseminating Virtue in Early America

Frasca, R. (2006). Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 295 pp. $44.95 (hardcover). In his conclusion, Ralph Frasca recalls that Benjamin Franklin advised Tom Paine “not to attempt unchainin...
Corrigendum to “Mechanistic considerations pertaining to the solvolysis of paclitaxel analogs bearing ester groups at the C2′ position”

The HPLC conditions associated with the retention times for the paclitaxel-related compounds listed in Table 1 should read as follows: RT=Retention times on an analytical HPLC (Waters) equipped with a reversed-phase column (Suplecosil C18) using gradient elution (60% acetonitrile in water going to 75% acetonitrile over a 10 min time period and maintained at 75% acetonitrile through the remainder of the elution) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min monitored by UV detection (225 nm).
FRIENDSHIP AS A MODE OF THEOLOGICAL ENGAGEMENT: DAVID FORD'S EXPLORATION OF CHRISTIAN WISDOM

David Ford's Christian Wisdom is offered in the context of navigating between a theology articulated abstractly and a theology engaged with human practicalities. He explores the notion of love of God for God's sake, love of God purged of any desire for benefit, and an understanding what it is to do theology within earshot of the cries of those in distress. These themes are brought into intense dialogue with the teaching of Jesus, the Shoah, and the book of Job. Subsequently, the understanding of Christian wisdom is tested against the inter-faith wisdom disclosed in Scriptural Reasoning, in understanding the formation of Christian wisdom through the evolution and re-invention of universities especially after trauma, and the interpersonal wisdom sought in the communities of L'Arche.
Murine tumor necrosis factor alpha is transported from blood to brain in the mouse.

The cytokines are important components of the brain-immune axis. Recent work has shown that [125I]IL-1 alpha and [125I]IL-1 beta are transported from the blood into the brain by a saturable system. Here we show that murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (mTNF alpha) labeled with 125I (I-mTNF alpha) crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after i.v. injection by a transport system different from that for the interleukins. Self inhibition with mTNF alpha showed that this transport system was saturable, and lack of inhibition by IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, or MIP-1 alpha showed selectivity of the system. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the radioactivity recovered from brain and from cerebrospinal fluid after the i.v. injection of I-mTNF alpha showed that the cytokine crossed the BBB largely in intact form. Capillary depletion showed that the accumulation of I-mTNF alpha in the cerebral cortex was due to passage across the BBB rather than to sequestration by capillaries. Transport rate was not changed by acute treatment with the neurotoxin aluminium or by acute and chronic treatment with the cationic chelator deferoxamine, but it was more than three times faster in neonatal rats. Efflux of I-mTNF alpha from the brain was slower than would have been predicted based on reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting that TNF alpha is sequestered by the brain. The BBB was not disrupted by up to 50 micrograms kg-1 of mTNF alpha i.v. in either adult mice or neonatal rats as assessed by the BBB's impermeability to radioactively labeled albumin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Growth and lipid composition of rat brain glial cells cultured in lipoprotein deficient serum.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of substituting lipoprotein deficient serum (LPDS) for complete fetal calf serum (FCS) in culture media on the growth and lipid composition of cells dissociated from 1 to 2-day-old rat brain. The results show that in FCS cultures DNA, protein and all lipids increase with an increase in the number of days in culture. Substitution of LPDS for FCS in the culture media caused a slower increase in each of these constituents. Esterified cholesterol remained unaltered with time in LPDS cultures but increased continuously in FCS cultures. Substitution of LPDS for FCS reduced, the DNA: protein ratio, and unesterified cholesterol: phospholipid ratio but the protein: phospholipid ratio and the proportion of individual phospholipids were not affected The data indicate that removal of low density lipoprotein (LDL) from serum used, in culture media reduces cell proliferation and causes alterations in cellular lipid composition specifically ratio of cholesterol: phospholipids.
Surface studies of high voltage lithium rich composition: Li1.2Mn0.525Ni0.175Co0.1O2

This article reports the evidence of surface film formation because of the breakdown of electrolyte upon high voltage cycling (4.9 V) of lithium rich cathode having a nominal composition of, Li1.2Mn0.525Ni0.175Co0.1O2. We studied the chemical composition of this passivation film using electrochemical impedance, X-ray Photoelectron and micro-Raman spectroscopy and the results were compared against the pristine electrode. In order to distinguish the changes in the surface films composition induced by prolonged electrochemical cycling versus chemical passivation effect, we also studied the surface composition of cathode powders aged with electrolytes at 60 oC. Our study shows that electrodes cycled beyond 150 cycles showed a rapid drop in capacity due to increase in the surface film resistance resulting in limited capacity utilization.
Transaction Cost Economics: The Origins

Abstract This paper is an autobiographical recollection of how my interest in and work on transaction cost economics progressively developed. It begins with an overview of the transaction cost economics project. A sketch of my undergraduate and graduate education follows. Key events in the 1960s that set the stage for my 1971 paper on “The Vertical Integration of Production” are then described. This paper would turn out to be the entering wedge from which transaction cost economics would take shape and continues today, as set out in the closing pages of the article.
Multirater Agreement of Arthroscopic Grading of Knee Articular Cartilage

BackgroundAcute and chronic cartilage injury of the knee has an important impact on prognosis. The validity of the classification of such injuries is critical for prospective multicenter studies. The agreement among multiple surgeons at different institutions for articular cartilage lesions has not been established.HypothesisArthroscopic classification of articular cartilage lesions is reliable and reproducible and can be used for multicenter studies involving multiple surgeons.Study DesignCohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 1.MethodsA total of 6 surgeons from 5 centers reviewed 31 videos of articular cartilage lesions. With grade 2 and grade 3 combined for the analysis, observed agreement ranged from 81% to 94%, and kappa ranged from 0.34 to 0.87. An additional 22 videos comprising grade 2 and grade 3 lesions were analyzed, and the observed agreement was 80%, with an overall kappa of 0.47.ConclusionArthroscopic grading of articular cartilage lesions is reproducible among surgeons at different ce...
SOAR remote observing: tactics and early results

Travel from North America to the 4.1m SOAR telescope atop Cerro Pachon exceeds $1000, and takes >16 hours door to door (20+ hours typically). SOAR aims to exploit best seeing, requiring dynamic scheduling that is impossible to accomplish when catering to peripatetic astronomers. According to technical arguments at www.peakoil.org, we are near the peak rate of depleting world petroleum, so can expect travel costs to climb sharply. With the telecom bubble's glut of optical fiber, we can transmit data more efficiently than astronomers and "observe remotely". With data compression, less than half of the 6 Mbps bandwidth shared currently by SOAR and CTIO is enough to enable a high-fidelity observing presence for SOAR partners in North America, Brazil, and Chile. We discuss access from home by cable modem/DSL link.
Nonoperative management of acute epidural hematomas: A “no-brainer”

Abstract Background Acute epidural hematomas are generally considered to require urgent operation for clot evacuation and bleeding control. It has become increasingly apparent, however, that many epidural hematomas will resolve with nonoperative management. The purpose of the current study was to review our experience with nonoperative management of acute epidural hematomas. Methods Patients admitted to our busy urban level I trauma center with an epidural hematoma were identified using our trauma registry. Patients were excluded if they suffered other significant intracranial injury mandating operative intervention. Patient records were reviewed and relevant data collected. Patients who required subsequent craniotomy were compared to those who did not in order to identify risk factors for failure of nonoperative treatment. Results Between January 1995 and June 2004, 84 patients were identified. The mean age was 27 ± 1.6 years and 68 (81%) were male. Mean Glasgow Coma Scale in the emergency department was 13.7 ± 0.3. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall. Fifty-four (64%) patients were initially managed nonoperatively and 30 (36%) were taken directly to the operating room for craniotomy. Nonoperative management was successful in 47/54 (87%) patients. Failure of initial nonoperative management was not associated with adverse outcome. There were no deaths in patients managed operatively or nonoperatively. Seventy-two (86%) patients were discharged to home with excellent neurologic outcome. Conclusions Epidural hematomas can be successfully managed nonoperatively in an appropriately selected group of patients. Moreover, failure of initial nonoperative management has no adverse effect on outcome.
Genomic Organization of the Murine Miller–Dieker/Lissencephaly Region: Conservation of Linkage with the Human Region

Several human syndromes are associated with haploinsufficiency of chromosomal regions secondary to microdeletions. Isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS), a human developmental disease characterized by a smooth cerebral surface (classical lissencephaly) and microscopic evidence of incomplete neuronal migration, is often associated with small deletions or translocations at chromosome 17p13.3. Miller‐Dieker syndrome (MDS) is associated with larger deletions of 17p13.3 and consists of classical lissencephaly with additional phenotypes including facial abnormalities. We have isolated the murine homologs of three genes located inside and outside the MDS region: Lis1, Mnt/Rox, and 14-3-3e. These genes are all located on mouse chromosome 11B2, as determined by metaphase FISH, and the relative order and approximate gene distance was determined by interphase FISH analysis. The transcriptional orientation and intergenic distance of Lis1 and Mnt/Rox were ascertained by fragmentation analysis of a mouse yeast artificial chromosome containing both genes. To determine the distance and orientation of 14-3-3e with respect to Lis1 and Mnt/Rox, we introduced a super-rare cutter site (VDE) that is unique in the mouse genome into 14-3-3e by gene targeting. Using the introduced VDE site, the orientation of this gene was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and Southern blot analysis. Our results demonstrate that the MDS region is conserved between human and mouse. This conservation of linkage suggests that the mouse can be used to model microdeletions that occur in ILS and MDS.
Moment models of general transmission lines with application to MCM interconnect analysis

In this paper, we present new moment models for uniform, nonuniform and coupled transmission lines. The moment model of a line is simply based on the relationships between the two port currents (KCL) and the two port voltages (KVL) of the line. The parameters of the model depend on the mean values of the voltage moments and the weighted voltage moments of the line. Simple formulas are given to compute these mean values efficiently. By using such models and moment matching techniques, interconnects modeled as transmission line networks can be efficiently simulated.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of airflow and aerosol deposition in human lungs

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of airflow and particle deposition in geometries representing the human tracheobronchial tree were conducted. Two geometries were used in this work: (1) based on the Weibel A model, and (2) based on a CT scan of a cadaver lung cast. Flow conditions used included both steady state inhalation and exhalation conditions as well as time dependent breathing cycles. Particle trajectories were calculated in each of these models by solving the equations of motion of the particle for the deterministic portion of particle displacement, and adding a stochastic Brownian term at each step. The trapping of particles on the wall surfaces was monitored, and the locations of trapping in each generation were recorded. The results indicate that for simple steady state inhalation conditions, there is not much difference between the Weibel A model and the more realistic CT-scan based model. However, under time dependent flow conditions, as well as under exhalation conditions, there are dramatic differences in the predicted deposition between the two models. The results of this study suggest that under steady state inhalation conditions, a lung geometry based on the Weibel A model may be sufficient to predict deposition accurately, while under any other breathing conditions, a more realistic geometry may be required.
Clinical Pharmacology Issues Relevant to the Dosing and Toxicity of Chemotherapy Drugs in the Elderly

Persons over the age of 65 years are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. In the next 30 years, they will comprise more than 20% of the population. Fifty percent of all cancers occur in this age group, and therefore, there is an expected rise in the total cancer burden. Data are becoming available that will better guide the use of chemotherapy in the older patient population. In this paper, information regarding age-related physiologic changes and their relationship to pharmacology, functional status, and hematopoiesis is presented. The adjuvant treatment of breast and colon cancer, as well as the primary therapy of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma is reviewed. The treatment of more advanced breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer is also discussed.
Mixing and Mapping Metadata to Provide Integrated Access to Digital Library Collections: An Activity Report

Paper accepted for presentation at DC-2001, October 24-24, 2001, NII, Tokyo, Japan. Presented by Karen Calhoun and Tom Turner, Cornell University, in Paper Session 4, October 25, 2001.
New York and Pittsburgh: Contrasts in Community:

This essay develops the theme of Chinitz's 1961 paper. To understand cities, Chinitz argued, urban economists must pay attention to the supply side, especially to economies and diseconomies of aggl...