cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute complications of haemodialysis in paediatric age group.

OBJECTIVE To assess acute complications of haemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DESIGN Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The Nephrology Department of The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore over a period of 2 years (January 2001-December 2002). PATIENTS AND METHODS The children in age group of 6-14 years, suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD), were provided renal replacement therapy in the form of haemodialysis mostly twice a week and were observed for the complications of the procedure. RESULTS A total 519 haemodialysis were performed on 25 patients. The mean age was 11.06 years and weight was 26.8 kg. The clinical problems observed were hypertension in 40.46%, hypotension 3.4%, chest pain 4.04%, headache 13.87%, vomiting 1.73%, gastrointestinal bleeding 1.92%, muscle cramps 8.6% and convulsions 0.57% of sessions. Hypokalemia was main electrolyte disturbance seen during 8%, while fever with rigors and chills in 4.02% of sessions. Minor bleeding from subclavian catheter was seen during 2.89% of sessions while thrombosis, infection and accidental dislodgment in 0.77%, 12.50% and 0.57% of sessions respectively. Technical problems like clotting in dialyzer during 0.95% and failure of ultra-violet control module was seen in 3.42% of sessions. CONCLUSION Haemodialysis, a life saving treatment modality, is not without risk of complications. Hypertension, headache, muscle cramps and catheter infections were the most commonly encountered complications in this series.
Organization of sleep-waking states in conjoined twin neonates

Developmentally normal twins, joined from the mid-sternum to the umbilicus in a face-to-face position, were observed in 90-minute sessions twice daily from postnatal days 12 to 16. Sleep-waking states were coded in 10-second epochs. Within-twin data were analyzed for bout lengths, interbout intervals, transition probabilities and 60-minute autocorrelation patterns. Between-twin data were studied for simultaneous occurrences of sleep-waking states and 60-minute cross-correlation patterns. Epochs per bout and interbout intervals for quiet and active sleep, active sleep epochs with rapid eye movements (REMs) and quiet and active waking states showed little difference between the twins over the study days. Probabilities of transition between quiet and active sleep and active wakefulness also showed the same patterns for each twin. However, the organization of temporal states differed markedly. Simultaneous occurrences of the same states were at or barely above chance levels, autocorrelation patterns of all states except epochs with REMs were not the same and cross-correlations indicated little influence of one twin's current state on the subsequent probability of that state's occurrence in the other twin. Thus, neither shared environment, identical genotype nor shared stimulation from co-twin motor activity appeared to synchronize the temporal organization of behavioral states in these twins. We concluded that the overall distributions of neonatal sleep-waking states seem to be determined primarily by age, whereas the temporal organization of states expresses the neonate's individuality.
Far Right Populism and Women: The Normalisation of Gendered Anti-Muslim Racism and Gendered Culturalism in the Netherlands

ABSTRACTThe paper approaches the rise of far right populism in Europe with a feminist lens and on the background of the discursively constructed sexist and racist features of the current moral panic. It is argued that we can follow up a continuum of normalised culturalist gendered discourses in Europe, and for some time, in the Netherlands in particular. The paper is organised by looking, first, at the place of gender in far right discourses and the role of women in far right-wing populist parties. Second, a feminist critique of processes of normalisation is presented, helping to clarify the term ‘culturalism’. To illustrate the dynamics of gendered culturalism and the way it impacts the everyday life of Muslim women in the Netherlands, some interview sequences of an empirical study with female Dutch-Moroccan citizens are discussed. The experiences of the women illustrate how far right populist perspectives and prejudices entered their daily lives, and which counter strategies, the women used to resist in...
The Optimized Summed Scored Attributes Method for the Classification of U.S. Blacks and Whites: A Validation Study

Recently, Hefner and Ousley (2014) introduced the optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method that maximizes between-group differences in U.S. black and white populations by dichotomizing six cranial morphoscopic trait scores. This study tests OSSA using an independent skeletal sample (Hamann-Todd, n = 208) and positively identified forensic cases (Mercyhurst University, n = 28, and New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, n = 38). An evaluation of trait frequencies suggests shifting the heuristically selected sectioning point separating U.S. black and white populations from ≤ 3 to ≤ 4. We found a total correct classification of 73.0% (B = 50.9%, W = 89.2%) using the originally suggested sectioning point of ≤3, while the total correct classification increases to 79.2% (B = 80.2%, W = 78.5%) with a modified sectioning point of ≤4. With the increased total correct classification and reduced classification bias between ancestry groups, we suggest the modified sectioning point of ≤4 be used when assessing ancestry in forensic unknowns.
An economic dispatch algorithm incorporating voltage management for active distribution systems using generalized benders decomposition

As the electrical distribution system evolves towards an active operational management in both operation planning and real time control, economic dispatch will be a required function for the distribution system operator. This work presents an economic dispatch algorithm for the distribution energy resources and price-responsive demand under a market economic structure. Meanwhile, the physical operational characteristics of the medium voltage distribution system are fully considered, including the voltage dependency of load demand and unbalanced system network model. A Generalized Bender Decomposition based algorithm has been developed to solve the proposed nonlinear optimization problem with successful case study results.
Hepatitis Viruses—Prevention and Control in the Laboratory Setting

At least five human hepatitis viruses have been identified worldwide. Within the United States, hepatitis A, B, and C are endemic and account for over 97% of acute viral hepatitis infections. Infec...
Adolescent smoking experimentation as a predictor of daily cigarette smoking.

Abstract Objective The utility of studying substance use during early adolescence depends on how well indicies of lower-level experimentation predict the development of substance use problems. We examined associations between experimental cigarette use at T1, recanting of use 8 months later (T2), and daily smoking at 2 years (T4). Methods Longitudinal telephone survey of 6522 US youth aged 10–14, examining lifetime cigarette smoking (none, just puffing, 1–19, 20–100, >100) and recanting (i.e., reporting lifetime use at T1, denying ever using at T2) as predictors of T4 daily smoking using multivariable logistic regression. Covariates included sociodemographics, friend/family smoking, school performance, and personality characteristics. Results The sample was 51% male, 18% Black, 17% Hispanic, with 70% retained at T2. At T1, 407 (8.9%) adolescents reported some smoking, of whom 85 (20.9%) recanted at T2. At T4, 970 reported any smoking, of whom 88 (9.1%) were daily smokers. Any T1 experimentation identified two-thirds of T4 daily smokers (sensitivity = 66.7%) with a false positive rate of 7.8%. T1 lifetime smoking categories were associated with the following adjusted odds ratios for T4 daily smoking (vs. never smokers): 2.7 for recanters (95% confidence interval 0.82, 8.5), 3.5 for few puffs (1.7, 7.0), 9.6 for 1–19 cigarettes (4.1, 22.3), 3.8 for 20–100 cigarettes (1.0, 14.3), and 30.1 for >100 cigarettes (8.1, 111). Conclusions In this sample experimentation with cigarettes predicted future daily smoking with high utility. The findings provide a rationale for monitoring and reporting any experimentation cigarettes as a tobacco surveillance outcome.
Talking about Numbers: Easy Arguments for Mathematical Realism

In §57 of the Foundations of Arithmetic, Frege famously turns to natural language to support his claim that numbers are ‘self-subsistent objects’:I have already drawn attention above to the fact th...
New Sepsis and Septic Shock Definitions: Clinical Implications and Controversies

New sepsis definitions shift emphasis from the systemic inflammatory response syndrome to organ dysfunction, quantified using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. The new definitions also propose Quick SOFA criteria to rapidly identify potentially infected patients at risk for poor outcomes. The diagnosis of septic shock requires vasopressor dependence and increased lactate levels. Strengths of these definitions include their simplicity and clear association with adverse outcomes. However, their utility in identifying patients with serious infections before frank sepsis ensues remains to be seen. This article reviews challenges in defining sepsis, strengths and weaknesses of the new definitions, and unresolved issues.
Philosophers, Sufis, and Caliphs: Politics and Authority from Cordoba to Cairo and Baghdad

What was the relationship between government and religion in Middle Eastern history? In a world of caliphs, sultans, and judges, who exercised political and religious authority? In this book, Ali Humayun Akhtar investigates debates about leadership that involved ruling circles and scholars of jurisprudence and theology. At the heart of this story is a medieval rivalry between three caliphates: the Umayyads of Cordoba, the Fatimids of Cairo, and the Abbasids of Baghdad. In a fascinating revival of Late Antique Hellenism, Aristotelian and Platonic notions of wisdom became a key component of how these caliphs debated their authority as political leaders. By tracing how these political debates impacted the theological and jurisprudential scholars and their own conception of communal guidance, Akhtar offers a new picture of premodern political authority and the connections between Western and Islamic civilizations. It will be of use to students and specialists of the premodern and modern Middle East.
Power-performance analysis of a simple one-bit transceiver

We analyze a one-bit wireless transceiver whose architecture is simple enough that its power versus performance profile can be modeled analytically. We then utilize multiple such transceivers in a communication system operating at millimeter-wave carrier frequencies. Various aspects of the system are analyzed, including the optimum achievable throughput for a given amount of total consumed power. An analogy is drawn between the “transceiver cell” proposed herein and a “computational cell” commonly used in neural networks that allows us to apply neural-network type algorithms to aid in difficult tasks such as channel estimation for a large number of transceivers.
Does power mobility training impact a child's mastery motivation and spectrum of EEG activity? An exploratory project.

AbstractPurpose: The purposes of this exploratory project were: (1) to evaluate the impact of power mobility training with a child who has multiple, severe impairments and (2) to determine if the child’s spectrum of electroencephalography (EEG) activity changed during power mobility training.Study design: A single-subject A–B–A–B research design was conducted with a four-week duration for each phase. Two target behaviours were explored: (1) mastery motivation assessed via the dimensions of mastery questionnaire (DMQ) and (2) EEG data collected under various conditions. Power mobility skills were also assessed.Methods: The participant was a three-year, two-month-old girl with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, gross motor function classification system level V. Each target behaviour was measured weekly. During intervention phases, power mobility training was provided.Results: Improvements were noted in subscale scores of the DMQ. Short-term and long-term EEG changes were also noted. Improvements were not...
Addressing Host Factors: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Opioid Dependence

The public health concepts of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are increasingly discussed in the context of the opioid abuse epidemic. Primary prevention seeks to avert the onset of disease or injury, secondary prevention comprises screening for/identifying and if possible reversing early effects of the disease or injury state, and tertiary prevention attempts to attenuate the consequences of established disease as well as strive for cure. To continue the infectious disease metaphor used throughout the book, behavioral “immunity” toward opioid-seeking and misuse must be cultivated at every stage of prevention, and the enhancement of motivation for avoidance comprises the strategic goal for both individuals and populations. As individuals are not islands unto themselves, addressing the environment (beyond the concept of vectors as explored in detail previously) is critical. Weaning and discontinuation require careful attention to underlying sources of discomfort and distress and to facilitating resilience and self-efficacy. Substitution (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine) and antagonist (e.g., naltrexone) pharmacotherapies in conjunction with psychosocial-spiritual treatment have been shown to be effective in harm reduction but also in facilitating recovery from addiction. Multidimensional assessment of risk and recovery factors is essential for tactically sound tertiary prevention efforts. Overdose education and naloxone distribution are increasingly championed as effective efforts in reducing mortality.
Subjective and Objective Estimation of Physical Activities on the Lower Extremities for Inpatient Staff Nurses and Their Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Discomfort

Registered nurses have a higher incidence rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) compared with the overall rate for MSDs in the U.S. Attention has been on back pain in nurses, but the lower extremities are also a frequent site of discomfort in nurses, though only a few studies have reported on this problem, investigations of risk factors are limited, and reports of successful interventions are primarily anecdotal. Studies in other populations have identified prolonged time on one’s feet as a risk factor for various lower extremity problems. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hospital inpatient staff nurses’ lower extremity discomfort and to subjectively and objectively quantify lower extremity physical activities exposure during work, specifically walking, standing, and sitting, and examine any interaction with type of unit or shift, in order to begin to describe the physical loading of the lower extremities in this type of nursing work.
Mixed-Halide Perovskites with Stabilized Bandgaps

One merit of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites is their tunable bandgap by adjusting the halide stoichiometry, an aspect critical to their application in tandem solar cells, wavelength-tunable light emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers. However, the phase separation of mixed-halide perovskites caused by light or applied bias results in undesirable recombination at iodide-rich domains, meaning open-circuit voltage (VOC) pinning in solar cells and infrared emission in LEDs. Here, we report an approach to suppress halide redistribution by self-assembled long-chain organic ammonium capping layers at nanometer-sized grain surfaces. Using the stable mixed-halide perovskite films, we are able to fabricate efficient and wavelength-tunable perovskite LEDs from infrared to green with high external quantum efficiencies of up to 5%, as well as linearly tuned VOC from 1.05 to 1.45 V in solar cells.
Endovascular crossover perfusion of lower limb in patients supported on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: rescue therapy or thoughtful approach

Abstract There has been a dramatic increase in the use of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA ECMO) for hemodynamic support. Limb ischemia is a known complication of peripheral cannulation and an antegrade perfusion cannula can be inserted into the femoral or superficial femoral artery to minimize the risk of peripheral limb ischemia. Often, it is difficult to obtain antegrade access for limb perfusion due to anatomical or technical difficulties. Herein we report 5 cases in which a unique limb perfusion strategy was utilized using contralateral access for limb perfusion, as antegrade access was not feasible. To our knowledge, this is the first reported series of this approach.
Examining Internet Access and Social Media Application Use for Online Nutrition Education in SNAP-Ed Participants in Rural Illinois

Abstract Objective To examine Internet access and interest in receiving nutrition education via social media applications among low-income adults participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed). Methods A cross-sectional survey was distributed during 25 SNAP-Ed classes throughout the 16 southernmost counties of Illinois. Results From 188 responses, the majority of participants had Internet access (76%). Among participants aged 18–32 years (n = 51), 92% owned a smartphone with Internet access and 57% indicated that they would use online nutrition education, with most interest in e-mail (41%), Facebook (40%), and text messaging (35%). There was little interest in using blogs, Vine, Twitter, Tumblr, and Pinterest. Overall, 49% of middle-aged adults aged 33–64 years and 87% of seniors aged ≥65 years reported they would not use online nutrition education. Conclusions and Implications Results indicated similar Internet accessibility in southern Illinois among low-income populations compared with national rural rates. Interest in using online nutrition education varied among SNAP-Ed participants according to age. Young adults appeared to be the most captive audience regarding online nutrition education. Results may be useful to agencies implementing SNAP-Ed to supplement current curriculum with online nutrition education for audiences aged ≤32 years.
Scleroderma‐like skin changes induced by checkpoint inhibitor therapy

Checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as beneficial therapies in many different types of malignancy. The most common toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors are immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As clinical experience with these agents increases, more irAEs have been described. We report a case of scleroderma-like skin changes induced by checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A 61-year-old man was treated with nivolumab for oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma. He initially tolerated the therapy well, but after 16 treatments he began experiencing skin thickening and edema of the abdominal wall, which progressed down the trunk and legs. A punch biopsy revealed epidermal attenuation overlying thickened dermal collagen with entrapment and displacement of the eccrine coils and loss of periadnexal adipose tissue. Focally increased plasma cells were present near the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Loss of CD34 staining was seen throughout the dermis. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of scleroderma. After discontinuation of nivolumab and initiation of steroid therapy, the patient's symptoms significantly improved. This case is among the first reports of scleroderma-like changes induced by a checkpoint inhibitor.
Structure of Lie algebras

In this chapter we return to our original motive for studying Lie algebras: to understand the structure of Lie groups. We saw in Chapter 2 how normal subgroups help to reveal the structure of the groups SO(3) and SO(4).
A New Concept of Breast Cancer Growth Regulation and its Potential Clinical Applications

Major changes in our conceptual thinking about the regulation of growth of human breast cancer have occurred in the past decade. In the early 1970s our understanding of the mechanisms regulating breast cancer cell proliferation was simplistic. The pituitary hormone prolactin was thought to be important due to its critical involvement in normal breast differentiation and function and because it has a pivotal role in rodent breast cancer (Welsch and Nagasawa, 1977). However, the importance of this hormone in human breast cancer remains to be defined. The female sex steroid hormone estrogen, on the other hand, was known to be an important growth factor since the observation that about one-third of patients with breast cancer would have temporary tumor regression following treatments designed either to lower the serum estrogen level or to block its effects. Later estrogens and antiestrogens also were reported to have direct effects on proliferation of cultured human breast cancer cells (Lippman et al., 1977). At this time cumulative data suggested that the mechanisms of estrogen action on cells involved the binding of estrogen to the estrogen receptor protein followed by the tight coupling of the receptor-hormone complex to DNA resulting in alterations of specific gene transcription and protein synthesis. Exactly how estrogens increased cell proliferation was not known. Nevertheless, knowledge of these simple biochemical pathways had important clinical implications that eventually led to the use of estrogen receptor assays for predicting response to endocrine therapy and for predicting the clinical course of patients with early stage disease.
Using Costume Collection Artifacts for Historic Style Trends Teaching Modules

The purpose of this study is to aid contemporary students into being better equipped to analyze their own behaviors related to fashion and dress and to evaluate the way popular culture continues to be documented through dress. A learning module was created to address a significant area of historic dress of womenswear with the aid of a costume and textiles. A trial workshop that focused on the historic dress of womenswear was conducted with pre- and post- surveys. After participating in the workshop, the students indicated that they were likely to participate in a course focused in historic costume. This increase in interest indicates a positive correlation that strengthens the learning module's mission, and the information gained from this trial workshop will be utilized in future learning modules.
Disrupting end-of-life cancer care delivery: Results from the engagment of patients with advanced cancer trial.

6525Background: Sustainable approaches to improve quality and safety of care of patients with advanced cancer while concurrently reducing costs is a growing national need. As part of the Veterans A...
Reversals of Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer and Radiation Torque

The transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) from a vortex wave field to an object is interesting for developing vortex-based acoustic or optical tweezers, particularly for biomedical applications. When the object is not aligned with the vortex's core, it is unclear how OAM transfer relates to energy transfer. The author finds that here the ratio of torque to absorbed power is not given by---and can even be opposite to---the ratio of vortex topological charge to angular frequency. This suggest a negative radiation torque, associated with energy absorption, that spins an off-core axisymmetric object around its center of mass, in the direction opposite to the wave vortex's handedness.
Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques.

Cells sense and respond to physical cues in their environment by converting mechanical stimuli into biochemically-detectable signals in a process called mechanotransduction. A crucial step in mechanotransduction is the transmission of forces between the external and internal environments. To transmit forces, there must be a sustained, unbroken physical linkage created by a series of protein-protein interactions. For a given protein-protein interaction, mechanical load can either have no effect on the interaction, lead to faster disassociation of the interaction, or even stabilize the interaction. Understanding how molecular load dictates protein turnover in living cells can provide valuable information about the mechanical state of a protein, in turn elucidating its role in mechanotransduction. Existing techniques for measuring force-sensitive protein dynamics either lack direct measurements of protein load or rely on the measurements performed outside of the cellular context. Here, we describe a protocol for the Forster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRET-FRAP) technique, which enables the measurement of force-sensitive protein dynamics within living cells. This technique is potentially applicable to any FRET-based tension sensor, facilitating the study of force-sensitive protein dynamics in variety of subcellular structures and in different cell types.
Correlates of physical, psychological, and social frailty among formerly incarcerated, homeless women.

Frailty is a deficit accumulation in physical, psychological and social domains. Correlates of frailty were explored among formerly incarcerated, homeless women (N = 130, Mage = 38.9). Significant ...
Neuroendocrine drivers of risk and resilience: The influence of metabolism & mitochondria

The manifestation of risk versus resilience has been considered from varying perspectives including genetics, epigenetics, early life experiences, and type and intensity of the challenge with which the organism is faced. Although all of these factors are central to determining risk and resilience, the current review focuses on what may be a final common pathway: metabolism. When an organism is faced with a perturbation to the environment, whether internal or external, appropriate energy allocation is essential to resolving the divergence from equilibrium. This review examines the potential role of metabolism in the manifestation of stress-induced neural compromise. In addition, this review details the current state of knowledge on neuroendocrine factors which are poised to set the tone of the metabolic response to a systemic challenge. The goal is to provide an essential framework for understanding stress in a metabolic context and appreciation for key neuroendocrine signals.
A laboratory study of class III Bragg resonance of gravity surface waves by periodic beds

When moderately steep waves travel over a periodic rippled bed, class III Bragg resonance may occur due to the third-order quartet wave-bottom interaction among one bottom and three surface wave components. The theory, however, has not been experimentally confirmed. To verify the existence of class III Bragg resonance, we consider the simplest possible case involving a single incident wave and conduct a series of physical experiments. The experiments show that as the theory predicts, class III Bragg resonance could generate not only the reflected waves (from subharmonic resonance) but also the transmitted waves (from superharmonic resonance), and the reflection and transmission coefficients vary linearly along the rippled bottom patch. Furthermore, the experimental data of the reflected and transmitted waves (due to class III resonance) agree quantitatively well with the prediction by high-order spectral (HOS) method computations. To further understand the characteristics of class III resonance, we apply HOS simulations to study the more general cases including the presence of two incident waves of different frequencies as well as the presence of an incident wave group with Gaussian envelope. The results show that in addition to class I and class II Bragg resonances, class III Bragg resonance can significantly influence the evolution of surface wave fields passing over a rippled bottom, especially in the case of shallow water.When moderately steep waves travel over a periodic rippled bed, class III Bragg resonance may occur due to the third-order quartet wave-bottom interaction among one bottom and three surface wave components. The theory, however, has not been experimentally confirmed. To verify the existence of class III Bragg resonance, we consider the simplest possible case involving a single incident wave and conduct a series of physical experiments. The experiments show that as the theory predicts, class III Bragg resonance could generate not only the reflected waves (from subharmonic resonance) but also the transmitted waves (from superharmonic resonance), and the reflection and transmission coefficients vary linearly along the rippled bottom patch. Furthermore, the experimental data of the reflected and transmitted waves (due to class III resonance) agree quantitatively well with the prediction by high-order spectral (HOS) method computations. To further understand the characteristics of class III resonance, we apply ...
Correspondence between nonrelativistic anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theory, and aging-gravity duality.

We point out that the recent discussion of nonrelativistic anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theory correspondence has a direct application in nonequilibrium statistical physics, a fact which has not been emphasized in the recent literature on the subject. In particular, we propose a duality between aging in systems far from equilibrium characterized by the dynamical exponent z=2 and gravity in a specific background. The key ingredient in our proposal is the recent geometric realization of the Schrodinger group. We also discuss the relevance of the proposed correspondence for the more general aging phenomena in systems where the value of the dynamical exponent is different from 2.
Vitamin D enhances responses to interferon-β in MS

Objective To determine the effect of vitamin D3 on interferon-β (IFN-β) response and immune regulation in MS mononuclear cells (MNCs). Methods MNCs from 126 subjects, including therapy-naive patients with different forms of MS, plus patients with MS receiving IFN-β or glatiramer treatment, plus healthy controls were incubated in vitro with IFN-β-1b ± vitamin D3 (calcitriol). Activation of the IFN-β–induced transcription factor, p-Y-STAT1, and antiviral myxovirus A (MxA) protein was measured with flow cytometry and Western blots; serum proteins were measured with a customized 31-protein multiplex assay. Results Vitamin D enhanced in vitro IFN responses, as measured by induction of p-Y-STAT1 and MxA in MNCs, T cells, and monocytes. Vitamin D augmentation of IFN responses was seen in untreated and in IFN-β-1b–treated MS. The combination of vitamin D plus IFN-β reduced Th1 and Th17 cytokines, and increased Th2 responses, reversing the effect of IFN-β alone. Exacerbations and progression in untreated patients reduced the vitamin D enhancement of IFN responses. Vitamin D had less effect on IFN response in clinically stable glatiramer-treated than in IFN-β–treated patients. Conclusion Vitamin D enhances IFN-β induction of multiple proteins and also reverses the Th1/Th2 bias in MS seen with IFN-β alone. The combination of vitamin D and IFN-β has potential benefit in ameliorating MS.
The Emerging of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV

The world is witnessing a major pandemic caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV). Efforts are undergoing in order to identify the phylogeny of this elusive virus. It turned out that 2019 nCoV is closely related to two viruses found in bats. Similar to their distant cousins, SARS CoV and MERS CoV, 2019-CoV evolved from bats due to their large genome and greater genetic diversity. Such genetic diversity enables coronaviruses to mutate and form new species that frequently surface among the human population. Developing vaccine and predicting mutation trends in coronaviruses along with surveillance systems are proven pivotal in controlling current and future outbreaks.
Discussion of Dr. Anderson’s Case with a Focus on Transference and Countertransference

This richly engaging paper offers us the opportunity to closely examine the trauma of early loss, the role of adoption, countertransference variations during latency and adolescence, and to appreci...
Quantifying the base flow of the Colorado River: its importance in sustaining perennial flow in northern Arizona and southern Utah (USA)

Water in the Colorado River, USA, is known to be a highly over-allocated resource, yet managers and decision makers rarely consider one of the most important contributions to the existing water in the river, i.e. groundwater. This oversight may result from the contrasting results of base-flow studies conducted on the amount of streamflow into the Colorado River sourced from groundwater. Some studies rule out the significance of groundwater contribution, while others show groundwater contributing the majority of flow to the river. This study uses new and extant instrumented data (not indirect methods) to quantify the groundwater base-flow contribution to surface flow. The precipitation, streamflow, and base flow of 10 remote subbasins of the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah and northern Arizona were examined in detail. These tributaries have an annual average base-flow discharge of 0.45 km3/year (367,000 acre-feet per year) with an average base-flow fraction of 72% summing to more than 3% of the mean flow of the Colorado River at Phantom Ranch. The groundwater storage trend of the Colorado River Basin when measured with remote sensing is declining; however, when utilizing instrumented data, the average annual base-flow trend in the study area remains constant. This trend suggests that base-flow signatures in streams may have a delayed response from the decline observed in groundwater storage from remote sensing. The simple extant data measurement methods employed in this study can be applied to the entire drainage basin, revealing the quantity of base flow throughout the basin to better inform water resource management.
Detection of False Data Injection Attack in Connected and Automated Vehicles via Cloud-Based Sandboxing

In recent years, developments in vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X) have steadily increased in applications such as platooning and collision avoidance. V2X provides vehicles with long-range information regarding traffic congestion and routing, but also short and mid-range information allowing cooperative adaptive cruise control, automatic collision warnings, and others. Despite being potentially beneficial in several aspects, such interdependence poses a set of specific challenges from safety and reliability standpoint due to the possibility of cyber-attacks aimed at influencing the behavior of the vehicles. In this paper, a Cloud-based approach, a sandboxing framework is presented to detect the false data injection attack on connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The sandboxing concept comes from computer security and it is adopted in a control framework as a way to isolate and evaluate the data exchanged by the CAVs affecting the vehicle control system. Numerical experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of the approach using microscopic traffic simulation. Simulation results show that our proposed methodology is able to detect the false data injection attack existing in the V2X communication and identify the attacker in real-time less than 0.2 s.
Gender Differences in Descriptive Norms as Mediators of a Military Web-Based Alcohol Intervention.

Objective: Personalized normative feedback, in which a respondent’s perceived norms are contrasted with more accurate estimates of alcohol use, has been found to be an effective component in brief ...
Confabulation of Speech, Faces, and Places

With mesial temporal lobe lesion, incapacity and/or metabolic extremes affecting the hippocampal and perihippocampal regions, anterograde memory deficits may be present with confabulation . However, substantial evidence supports a loss of the temporal tag with confabulation following orbitofrontal or basal frontal lesions and possibly with disconnection from the hippocampus. Confabulation may appear to the caregiver and therapists to be something along the lines of pathological lying and dissimilation. But, there are many ways to cross-validate these features. Ultimately, this might be accomplished through the demonstration of a functional metabolic or structural lesion to the brain systems responsible for the assimilation, consolidation, and storage of new information into memory. The processes are evident in learning with anterograde memory deficits and poor consolidation or carryover of new information resulting from damage or functional denigration of these neural systems.
Micro level impacts of foreign language test (university entrance examination) in Turkey: a washback study

The way standardized tests affect teaching and learning is usually called backwash in educational arena and washback in Applied Linguistics. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the foreign language examination university entrance testinfluences the way teachers teach and students learn in senior three classrooms (the last grade of high school) in Turkey. Secondary goal is to see the outcomess of teaching to the test and attitudes of different stakeholders towards the test and senior three English teaching in general. The data were collected through online surveys, and participants comprise of four major groups. Senior three high school students and English teachers were invited to participate to find out the nature and the scope of washback, while college students and professors are asked to participate to investigate the outcomes of teaching to the test. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses of the participants. The results suggest that the test is a major factor determining the flow of English lessons in senior three classrooms. The classroom materials that were reported by both students and teachers including mock tests, commercial exam preparation materials and sample test questions directly serve to the purpose of practicing for the test and indicate the relative effect of the test on language learning. The results also suggest that high school students and teachers focus more on the immediate goal of language learning which is to score high on the test and be admitted to the university by cramming for the test, and learning and practicing the language areas and skills that are measured on the test (grammar, reading, vocabulary) and ignore the ones that are not tested (listening, speaking, writing). Professors and college students, on the other hand, feel the shortage of not having enough practice especially in productive skills. They opine that long term goal of language learning should be to improve the ability to use the language. Based on the gap reported by these different stake-holders, findings lead to recommendations for a change in the curriculum and in the format of the test towards a more communicative and integrative one.
Value of Tracheal Aspirates Questioned

The extensive study recently reported by Sherman and co-workers attempts to evaluate the use of early tracheal aspiration in diagnosing congenital pneumonia. 1 Their findings are of interest and confirm some previous studies and clinical impressions. However, the authors9 conclusion that "early direct tracheal aspiration ... appears to be a specific ... procedure for the early diagnosis of congenital pneumonia" does not seem to be supported by the data they present. Specifically, for their conclusion to be valid, a definite correlation of positive tracheal aspirates with presence of pneumonia must be made.
Accelerated and Navigator-Gated Look-Locker Imaging for Cardiac T1 Estimation (ANGIE): Development and Application to T1 Mapping of the Right Ventricle

Purpose To develop a method for high-resolution cardiac T1 mapping. Methods A new method, accelerated and navigator-gated look-locker imaging for cardiac T1 estimation (ANGIE), was developed. An adaptive acquisition algorithm that accounts for the interplay between navigator gating and undersampling patterns well-suited for compressed sensing was used to minimize scan time. Computer simulations, phantom experiments, and imaging of the left ventricle (LV) were used to optimize and evaluate ANGIE. ANGIE's high spatial resolution was demonstrated by T1 mapping of the right ventricle (RV). Comparisons were made to modified Look-Locker imaging (MOLLI). Results Retrospective reconstruction of fully sampled datasets demonstrated the advantages of the adaptive algorithm. For the LV, ANGIE measurements of T1 were in good agreement with MOLLI. For the RV, ANGIE achieved a spatial resolution of 1.2 × 1.2 mm2 with a scan time of 157 ± 53 s per slice, and measured RV T1 values of 980 ± 96 ms versus 1076 ± 157 ms for lower-resolution MOLLI. ANGIE provided lower intrascan variation in the RV T1 estimate compared with MOLLI (P < 0.05). Conclusion ANGIE enables high-resolution cardiac T1 mapping in clinically reasonable scan times. ANGIE opens the prospect of quantitative T1 mapping of thin cardiovascular structures such as the RV wall. Magn Reson Med 73:150–160, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CLINICAL CONFERENCE Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease

Dr. Silverman: I shall present the history of an infant who was admitted to our premature nursery on May 9, 1956. This Puerto Rican male infant was born during the thirty-sixth week of an uneventful pregnancy. An antenatal serologic test for syphilis was negative. Delivery was spontaneous. Birth weight was 1070 gm. Physical examination on admission to the nursery revealed the liver to be 1 cm below the right costal margin and the spleen was firm, 1 cm below the left costal margin. Nothing else worthy of comment was noted and the infant was managed in a routine manner. The immediate newborn period was entirely uneventful, specifically neither petechiae nor unusual degree of icterus were noted. The ocular fundi were examined, as a matter of routine, during the third and fifth weeks of life and they were described as normal. During the sixth week of life, when the infant weighed 2080 gm, it was suddenly noted that the abdomen was quite distended. Examination at this time disclosed marked hepatosplenomegaly, both organs were firm. Again neither icterus nor petechiae were noted. There appeared to be some difficulty in swallowing. Roentgenograms of the chest at this time were normal and of the skull revealed intracranial calcification which was displayed in a pattern that seemed to outline dilated lateral ventricles. Lumbar puncture yielded cerebrospinal fluid which was negative except for protein of 198 mg/100 ml. The urine and cerebrospinal fluid were examined for the cells characteristic of cytomegalic inclusion disease and none were found. Funduscopic examination at this time disclosed an area of chorioretinitis in the right eye. It was presumed at this time that the infant had toxoplasmosis.
Persistence of hAQP1 expression in human salivary gland cells following AdhAQP1 transduction is associated with a lack of methylation of hCMV promoter.

Persistence of hAQP1 expression in human salivary gland cells following AdhAQP1 transduction is associated with a lack of methylation of hCMV promoter
A Silicon Interposer Platform Utilizing Microfluidic Cooling for High-Performance Computing Systems

In this paper, a silicon interposer platform using microfluidic cooling is proposed for high-performance computing systems. The key advantage of the the silicon interposer is its very fine-pitch wiring, which enables high-bandwidth off-chip signaling for the chips assembled on the silicon interposer. Compared with conventional air cooling, embedded microfuidic cooling is used for better cooling and thermal isolation of chips on the silicon interposer. A test vehicle consisting of a silicon interposer and a silicon dice with microfluidic I/Os and embedded microfluidic heat sinks is fabricated and assembled for thermal measurements. At a flow rate of 50 mL/min, the measured temperature is 55.9 °C for a power density of 97 W/cm2, which represents a normalized thermal resistance of 0.24 K $\cdot $ cm2/W. The thermal simulations based on the measured thermal resistance show that 40.1% reduction in the silicon interposer temperature is achieved with microfluidic cooling compared to air cooling. Moreover, thermal coupling between the dice on the silicon interposer is significantly reduced with microfluidic cooling, which significantly benefits the integration density and the signaling performance by integrating chips more closely and reducing interconnect length.
A national network to advance the field of cancer and female sexuality.

Abstract Introduction. Understanding sexual health issues in cancer patients is integral to care for the continuously growing cancer survivor population. Aim. To create a national network of active clinicians and researchers focusing on the prevention and treatment of sexual problems in women and girls with cancer. Methods. Interdisciplinary teams from the University of Chicago and Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center jointly developed the mission for a national conference to convene clinicians and researchers in the field of cancer and female sexuality. The invitee list was developed by both institutions and further iterated through suggestions from invitees. The conference agenda focused on three high‐priority topics under the guidance of a professional facilitator. Breakout groups were led by attendees recognized by collaborators as experts in those topics. Conference costs were shared by both institutions. Main Outcome Measure. Development of Scientific Working Groups (SWGs). Results. One hundred two clinicians and researchers were invited to attend the 1st National Conference on Cancer and Female Sexuality. Forty‐three individuals from 20 different institutions across 14 states attended, including representation from eight National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐funded cancer centers. Attendees included PhD researchers (N = 19), physicians (N = 16), and other healthcare professionals (N = 8). Breakout groups included (i) Defining key life course sexuality issues; (ii) Building a registry; and (iii) Implementing sexual health assessment. Breakout group summaries incorporated group consensus on key points and priorities. These generated six SWGs with volunteer leaders to accelerate future research and discovery: (i) Technology‐based interventions; (ii) Basic science; (iii) Clinical trials; (iv) Registries; (v) Measurement; and (vi) Secondary data analysis. Most attendees volunteered for at least one SWG (N = 35), and many volunteered for two (N = 21). Conclusion. This 1st National Conference demonstrated high motivation and broad participation to address research on cancer and female sexuality. Areas of need were identified, and SWGs established to help promote research in this field.
Architectural simulation system for M.f.a.s.t

The paper discusses the simulation system used to verify the architecture of the Mwave folded array signal transform (M.f.a.s.t.) processor, a single chip scalable very long instruction word (VLIW) processor array being developed by IBM Microelectronics. M.f.a.s.t. simulation, at this stage of development of the architecture, is at a very high abstract level and is intended to meet the requirements of being implementation independent and permit investigation of the architecture itself, as opposed to simply verifying the congruence of the architecture and an implementation of it. The M.f.a.s.t. simulator uses a collection of functional models, implemented in C, to represent the M.f.a.s.t. architecture. The models, each reflecting the behaviour of a component of the architecture, run as independent processes and communicate among themselves using a socket mechanism. This paper discusses the merits and mechanics of this approach, and the reasons it was adopted. Two large applications and many small test cases have been written for the M.f.a.s.t. architecture and run on the M.f.a.s.t simulator. While it is difficult, for reasons that are discussed, to make easily interpretable statements about the performance of the simulator, data from these examples indicate that the simulator will emulate the execution, under average conditions, of approximately 3000 execution-unit operations per second.