cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supply chain planning: rolling horizon scheduling of multi-factory supply chains

The Virtual Factory is a job shop scheduling tool that was developed at NC State. It has been found to provide nearoptimal solutions to industrial-sized problems in seconds. Recently, the Virtual Factory was expanded to include interfactory transportation operations which enabled the detailed scheduling of entire multi-factory manufacturing supply chains. Separately, a rolling horizon procedure was developed to test the Virtual Factory for single factory problems. This procedure allowed us to more accurately predict how the Virtual Factory would perform in industry. Consequently, the rolling horizon procedure was extended to multi-factory settings to gauge industrial performance and eliminate transient effects found in previous multi-factory experimentation. Experimental results, under a variety of different scenarios, indicate that the Virtual Factory also performs well in multi-factory, rolling horizon settings.
Monodisperse Binary Nanocomposite in Silica with Enhanced Magnetization for Magnetic Separation

The majority of research on magnetic nanoparticles has focused on optical, electrical, and magnetic storage areas. Recently, the application of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetically separable nanovehicles for chemical or biological species has become an area of intensive research but with rather different challenging criteria that are yet to be addressed. For example, the enhancement of intrinsically weak magnetic properties, avoidance of magnetic interactions among particles, and improvement of the stability of the nanoparticles remain key issues. Here, it is demonstrated using sequential nanochemistry preparation techniques that exchange-coupled nanomagnets, such as FePt−Fe3Pt or FePt−Fe3O4 with dramatically enhanced magnetization, can be placed inside a silica nanosphere. The advantages of enhanced magnetization and the provision of protective coating and anchored sites on the silica shell surface render these new coated particles suitable for use in magnetic separation.
Self-consistent field cluster study of the origin of hyperfine interaction and isomer shift in57mFe2O3)

We have carried out a first-principle Unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) investigation of the hyperfine field, isomer shift and nuclear quadrupole interaction in Fe2O3. The cluster used in our work involved Fe+3 and its six nearest O−2 neighbours. The Madelung contribution to the potential due to the rest of the ions in the lattice was explicitly incorporated. Our results will be compared with experiment and the results of a recent investigation using an approximation (MSXαExtended Scheme) to the procedure.
Disruption of telomere homeostasis as a new cancer treatment strategy

Telomeres are critical for the protection of chromosomal ends and genomic integrity. Telomeres can be maintained by their associated proteins (collectively termed as telosome or shelterin) as well as the telomerase complex containing a reverse transcriptase component. While most somatic human cells lack telomerase activity to sufficiently maintain telomeres, the majority of all cancer cells express telomerase activity. The maintenance of telomeres contributes to the immortal phenotype seen in most cancers. Therefore, it has been proposed that targeting telomere maintenance should result in a highly specific and universal treatment for cancer. Here the topic of targeting the immortal phenotype of cancer by disrupting telomere homeostasis is discussed as well as the current status, and challenges, of clinical trials.
Trimethylamineborane and triethylamineborane: low-temperature thermodynamic properties

Abstract The low-temperature thermal properties of trimethylamineborane and triethylamineborane were determined by adiabatic calorimetry over the range 12 to 390 K and 12 to 310 K, respectively. The quantities measured include the heat capacity of the condensed phases, enthalpies of transition, transition temperatures, enthalpies of fusion, and triple-point temperatures. The results were used to calculate the following thermodynamic functions at selected temperatures for the solid and liquid phases: (G s − H 0 o ) T , (H s − H 0 o ) T , Hs − H0o, Ss, and Cs. Third law entropies and Gibbs energies of formation in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K for both compounds were computed from the results together with vapor pressures and enthalpies of formation from the literature.
Effects of fuel compositions on the structure and yield of flame synthesized carbon nanotubes

Abstract Flame synthesis of carbon nanostructures including nanotubes on galvanized steel was investigated utilizing laminar diffusion flames of different types of fuel. Methane (CH4), propane (C3H8) and acetylene (C2H2) were used as fuels. Distinctive carbon nanostructures were produced depending on fuel types and fuel flow rates. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of many transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were performed. Methane produced thin multi wall carbon nanotubes as well as nanorods and nanofibers within the fuel flow rate range of 7.18E‐07 m3/s to 9.57E‐07 m3/s. Propane yielded nanotubes only at the fuel flow rate of 4.20E‐07 m3/s. The nanotubes synthesized by acetylene flames were of different types that included helically coiled and twisted nanotubes.
Molecular Epidemiology Reveals Emergence of a Virulent Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) Virus Strain in Wild Salmon and Its Transmission to Hatchery Fish

Abstract Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has been known to be a significant salmonid pathogen in the Pacific Northwest of North America for decades. The goal of this study was to characterize the IHNV genetic heterogeneity and viral traffic over time at a study site in the Deschutes River watershed in Oregon, with an emphasis on the epidemiology of IHNV types causing epidemics in wild kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka between 1991 and 1995. The study site included kokanee spawning grounds in the Metolius River and Lake Billy Chinook downstream, in which the IHNV epidemics occurred in 2- and 3-year-old kokanee, and the Round Butte Fish Hatchery at the outflow of the lake. Forty-two IHNV isolates collected from this area between 1975 and 1995 were characterized on a genetic basis by ribonuclease (RNase) protection fingerprint analyses of the virus nucleocapsid, glycoprotein, and nonvirion genes. Analysis of the 16 identified composite haplotypes suggested that both virus evolution and introduction o...
The Effects of Macronutrient Intake on Total and High-molecular Weight Adiponectin: Results From the OMNI-Heart Trial

Higher levels of the adipocyte-specific hormone adiponectin have been linked to increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lower insulin resistance. This study was conducted to determine the influence of macronutrient intake on adiponectin levels. One hundred and sixty-four pre- and stage-1 hypertensive adults participated in the Optimal Macro-Nutrient Intake Heart (OMNI-Heart) trial, a crossover feeding study originally testing the effects of macronutrients on blood pressure. Participants underwent three 6-week feeding periods: one rich in carbohydrates (CARB), one rich in monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and one rich in protein (PROT), while maintaining body weight. Their median plasma high molecular weight (HMW) and total adiponectin levels were 2.3 and 8.2 microg/ml, respectively, resulting in an average of 27% HMW adiponectin. Both HMW and total adiponectin levels decreased after baseline while the percent HMW adiponectin remained unchanged. Between diets, the MUFA diet maintained a higher level of both HMW and total adiponectin levels than either the CARB (HMW: +6.8%, P = 0.02; total: +4.5%, P = 0.001) or PROT (HMW: +8.4%, P = 0.003; total: +5.6%, P < 0.001) diets. Changes in total adiponectin levels were positively correlated to changes in HDL cholesterol irrespective of diets (Spearman r = 0.22-0.40). No correlation was found between changes in lipids, blood pressure, or insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR). Macronutrient intake has effects on HMW and total adiponectin levels independent of weight loss. A diet rich in MUFA was associated with higher levels of total and HMW adiponectin in comparison to a carbohydrate- or protein-rich diet. Effects seen in adiponectin paralleled those found with HDL cholesterol.
The complete sequence of the Bacillus phage phi 29 right early region.

We have sequenced the rightmost 2216 bp of the Bacillus phage φ 29 genome. This region encompasses the right early region and completes the sequence of the φ 29 early functions. The sequence of gene 17, an early gene implicated in the replication process, is presented. From these results we predict that gene 17 encodes a 19.1-kDal protein. Further analysis of the sequence revealed five previously undetected potential genes, encoding 12.6-, 12.4-, 15.2-, 6.2- and 4.6-kDal proteins. The biological efficacies of some of these putative genes were demonstrated using an Escherichia coli in vitro transcription-translation system. We also examined the transcriptional and translational signals present on this region of the genome.
Organic carbon dynamics and soil stability in five semiarid agroecosystems

Abstract Interest in integrated crop-livestock agroecosystems (ICL) has increased due to their versatility in management options, potential to offset increasing levels of atmospheric C and enhanced agronomic and ecosystem sustainability. Identifying agroecosystems that have the greatest potential for C sequestration requires an understanding of soil organic C distribution within aggregate fractions. Six soil aggregate C pools were physically isolated to evaluate the C sequestration potential of three ICLs and two continuous cotton (CTN) agroecosystems in the Texas High Plains. The proportions of the water stable aggregate fractions were used to calculate mean weight diameter, an indicator of soil stability. The first ICL (FRG_CTN) included paddocks of dryland perennial native grasses, a foxtail millet-cotton (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv. and FiberMax 9058F, respectively) rotation, and WW B-Dahl – Old World Bluestem [bluestem; Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] under deficit irrigation (replacement of approximately 30% evapotranspiration). The second ICL (OWB_BER) included paddocks of deficit irrigated bermudagrass [bermuda; Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and bluestem and the third ICL (FRG_RC) included paddocks of irrigated bluestem and row crop production. Soil samples (0–5 and 5–20 cm) were collected in July 2010. In general, ICLs increased water stable macroaggregates providing a physical protective shell for SOC and increasing C sequestration potential. A strong correlation between SOC and mean weight diameter identified a critical SOC level of 5.5 Mg ha−1 for the greatest increases in mean weight diameter. Of the five agroecosystems evaluated, FRG_RC and OWB_BER ranked the highest in terms of mean weight diameter (130% larger), whole SOC (up to 45% more), and intra-aggregate microaggregate SOC (157% greater) relative to CTN production. Increased stability and reduced exposure of intra-aggregate fractions resulted in relatively greater intra-aggregate microaggregate SOC under perennial vegetation. The potential to serve as significant SOC accumulators may aid in offsetting increasing atmospheric C levels, and while specific to these semiarid soils, the identified critical SOC level can act as a target for producers to minimize and ultimately reverse soil degradation.
The Department of Veterans Affairs’ Role in Federal Emergency Management

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has been increasingly called on to provide disaster relief health care personnel and other emergency assistance since the role of the Department of Veterans Affairs in emergency management was expanded by the Federal Response Plan in 1992. This article briefly reviews the VHA's emergency management functions currently specified by the Federal Response Plan and its present activities in procuring and maintaining antidotes, antibiotics, and other pharmaceutical stockpiles to be used in response to terrorist incidents involving weapons of mass destruction. In view of VHA's national scope and extensive assets, its administration by the government, and its critical role in health professional training, there are several additional ways that VHA could economically augment the federal government's efforts to better support and prepare local jurisdictions for disasters or incidents involving weapons of mass destruction, if the required authorization and funding were provided.
Dietary Management of Dermatitis Herpetiformis

• Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an extremely itchy, papulovesicular skin disease characterized in part by the presence of IgA at the dermal-epidermal junction. Eighty-five percent to 90% of DH patients have granular deposits of IgA at the dermal-epidermal junction, and essentially all of these patients have an associated, for the most part asymptomatic, gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE). The association of GSE and DH suggested that the cutaneous manifestations of DH could be controlled by the use of a gluten-free diet. Institution of a gluten-free diet in patients with DH and granular IgA deposits has been shown to be effective in controlling the cutaneous eruption of DH. Seventy percent to 100% of patients who begin a strict gluten-free diet have been shown to be able to decrease the dosage of medication needed to control their DH after a mean of eight to 18 months on the diet. Furthermore, 40% to 70% of patients with DH can control their skin disease completely, without any medication, after longer periods of time on the gluten-free diet (two years and longer). Although the gluten-free diet has been shown to be of great benefit in the control of the skin manifestations of DH, at the present time there is no evidence to suggest that the gluten-free diet is in any way protective against the risk of intestinal lymphoma that has been documented in GSE. Evaluation of the cutaneous IgA deposits in DH skin after long periods of time on a gluten-free diet suggests that there may be a slight decrease in the intensity of the IgA deposits, but the true pathogenetic relationship between the cutaneous IgA deposits, the cutaneous manifestations of DH, and the associated GSE remains unknown. ( Arch Dermatol 1987;123:1378a-1380a)
The robot competition: A recipe for success in undergraduate microcomputers courses

The goal of VCU's mandatory junior-level microcomputers course is to introduce students to concepts of instruction set architecture design, computer interfacing, and microcontroller programming in assembly and C. Traditionally, the laboratory portion of this course culminated in a final project of the student's choosing. Recently, we replaced the final project with a robotics project, where students built a microcontroller-based robot and competed in a collection of competitions. Placement in each competition was considered to determine the students' project grades. We believe this approach fostered a spirit of competition that encouraged students to increase their level of effort, provided a more uniform system of grading, and better conveyed the course material. Here we document these efforts and attempt to provide readers with a framework for implementing a similar competition in their microcomputers or embedded systems courses.
Association of family history of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer with histological categories of lung cancer: The Iowa Women's Health Study

A family history of cervical, ovarian, or uterine cancer has been shown to be associated with increased lung cancer risk among postmenopausal women. The present report examines the hypotheses that a family history of cervical cancer is positively associated with histological subtypes of lung cancer most strongly associated with smoking and that a family history of ovarian or uterine cancer are positively associated with risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Data are from the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 34,480 women ages 55-69 in 1986. Personal smoking histories, use of alcohol, and family history of selected cancers in first- and second-degree relatives were collected at baseline. Follow-up for cancer occurrence was achieved through the State Health Registry of Iowa. After baseline exclusions, a total of 343 incident lung cancers were identified in the cohort at risk through 1994. Women with a family history of cervical cancer in a first-degree relative had a multivariate-adjusted relative risk of lung cancer of 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-2.6] compared to women without a family history. The risk was particularly high for malignancies most strongly associated with smoking (squamous, small cell, and large cell tumors; relative risk, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7). Consistent with our hypotheses, a family history of ovarian cancer was associated with an approximately 2-fold increased risk (multivariate adjusted) of adenocarcinoma of the lung; the association with malignancies more strongly associated with smoking was inverse (relative risk, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-2.4). A family history of uterine cancer was not associated with adenocarcinoma, but there was a positive association observed for the most strongly smoking-associated histological types. These results suggest that a family history of cervical cancer is a modest independent risk factor for lung cancers most strongly associated with smoking, and a family history of ovarian cancer is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Eigenfrequencies for damped wave equations on Zoll manifolds

The eigenfrequencies associated to a damped wave equation are known to belong to a band parallel to the real axis. Under the assumption of periodicity of the geodesic flow we study the asymptotic distribution of the eigenfrequencies in the band. We show that the set of eigenfrequencies exhibits a cluster structure determined by the Morse index of the closed geodesics and the damping coefficient averaged along the geodesic flow. The asymptotics for the multiplicities of the clusters are also obtained.
The interpoint distance distribution as a descriptor of point patterns, with an application to spatial disease clustering

The topic of this paper is the distribution of the distance between two points distributed independently in space. We illustrate the use of this interpoint distance distribution to describe the characteristics of a set of points within some fixed region. The properties of its sample version, and thus the inference about this function, are discussed both in the discrete and in the continuous setting. We illustrate its use in the detection of spatial clustering by application to a well-known leukaemia data set, and report on the results of a simulation experiment designed to study the power characteristics of the methods within that study region and in an artificial homogenous setting.
Pilot study of yoga for breast cancer survivors with poor quality of life

Abstract Introduction Studies show benefits of yoga for breast cancer patients with poor quality of life (QOL); however, none exclusively focus on survivors. This study addresses whether hatha yoga improves breast cancer survivors' QOL. Methods 25 breast cancer survivors completed six weeks of yoga. Outcome measures were 5 QOL categories evaluated using the FACT-B survey pre and post-intervention and after 6 months. Results Each category was evaluated independently, including: physical (PWB), social (SWB), emotional (EWB), functional (FWB), breast cancer specific well-being (BCS), Trial Outcome Index (TOI), FACT-G, and FACT-B. Significant improvement was found in all categories except social well-being (PWB p = .013, EWB p = .005, FWB p = .003, BCS p p p = .004, FACT-B p n = 13) showed greater improvement in EWB and FWB, while those with above average pre-intervention scores ( n = 9) showed greater improvement in PWB. Conclusions Yoga may be feasible and clinically useful for breast cancer survivors with poor QOL.
Discrete-vortex method with novel shedding criterion for unsteady aerofoil flows with intermittent leading-edge vortex shedding

Unsteady aerofoil flows are often characterized by leading-edge vortex (LEV) shedding. While experiments and high-order computations have contributed to our understanding of these flows, fast low-order methods are needed for engineering tasks. Classical unsteady aerofoil theories are limited to small amplitudes and attached leading-edge flows. Discrete-vortex methods that model vortex shedding from leading edges assume continuous shedding, valid only for sharp leading edges, or shedding governed by ad-hoc criteria such as a critical angle of attack, valid only for a restricted set of kinematics. We present a criterion for intermittent vortex shedding from rounded leading edges that is governed by a maximum allowable leading-edge suction. We show that, when using unsteady thin aerofoil theory, this leading-edge suction parameter (LESP) is related to the term in the Fourier series representing the chordwise variation of bound vorticity. Furthermore, for any aerofoil and Reynolds number, there is a critical value of the LESP, which is independent of the motion kinematics. When the instantaneous LESP value exceeds the critical value, vortex shedding occurs at the leading edge. We have augmented a discrete-time, arbitrary-motion, unsteady thin aerofoil theory with discrete-vortex shedding from the leading edge governed by the instantaneous LESP. Thus, the use of a single empirical parameter, the critical-LESP value, allows us to determine the onset, growth, and termination of LEVs. We show, by comparison with experimental and computational results for several aerofoils, motions and Reynolds numbers, that this computationally inexpensive method is successful in predicting the complex flows and forces resulting from intermittent LEV shedding, thus validating the LESP concept.
Wrist arthrodesis in cerebral palsy.

Purpose Cerebral palsy patients with spastic wrist deformities can be treated with wrist arthrodesis to improve appearance, hygiene, and function. This study evaluates dorsal plating technique and need for bone grafting as measured by fusion rate, complications, and clinical outcomes. Methods Thirty-four patients (41 wrists) with severe spastic wrist flexion deformities were treated by wrist arthrodesis using a dorsal plating technique. A comprehensive review of charts and radiographs was performed. Twenty-three patients were subjectively evaluated using the Disability Assessment Scale and a visual analog scale assessing appearance, function, hygiene, ease of daily care, pain, and overall satisfaction. Results The union rate following dorsal plating was 98% (40/41 wrists). Eighteen patients developed plate irritation requiring hardware removal after union. Five major complications included 4 fractures (1 metacarpal and 3 radius) through screw holes and 1 nonunion. Patient outcome assessment showed that Disability Assessment Scale scores (10, worst–0, best) improved significantly (p = .01), from a preoperative mean of 9.6 to a postoperative mean of 5.5. Visual analog scale scores (0, much worse–10, much better) demonstrated substantial improvements in appearance (7.9), function (6.0), ease of daily care (7.0), and hygiene (6.2). Ninety-four percent of patients were satisfied, with an average satisfaction visual analog scale score of 8.3. Conclusions Wrist arthrodesis using a dorsal plating technique had a high union rate (98%) and a high rate of satisfaction (94%). Hardware complications were common, and consequently, we now routinely recommend hardware removal. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Neutron-induced fission-fusion process for power generation and cold fusion with electrolysis

A theory of neutron-induced tritium-deuterium fusion is described. The process involves self-sustaining chain reactions: (1) n+/sup 6/Li to /sup 4/He+T and/or n+/sup 7/Li to /sup 4/He+T+n, and (2) T+D to /sup 4/He+n, in Li-D plasma or pellets surrounded by Li and other blankets and by neutron reflectors. It has been suggested that the excess heat generation observed by Fleischmann, Pons, and Hawkins (FPH) in their electrolysis experiment (1989) may be due to this fission-fusion process at room temperature. The proposed fission-fusion process is described in a more general context without the use of electrolysis for the purpose of suggesting new designs for large-scale fission-fusion reactors for power generation. The FPH effect is then described as a special case of the proposed fission-fusion process which involves electrolysis with a Pd cathode. Other plausible explanations of the FPH effect are discussed. >
Corrosion control using regenerative biofilms (CCURB) on brass in different media

The corrosion behavior of cartridge brass (UNS C26000) exposed to artificial seawater (AS) and Luria Bertani (LB) medium has been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Tests were performed in sterile media and in the presence of a Bacillus subtilis bacterial biofilm. Additional tests were performed in the presence of a B. subtilis bacterial biofilm that produced polyaspartate or a B. licheniformis biofilm that produced γ-polyglutamate. A significant reduction of corrosion rates and an ennoblement of the corrosion potential were observed in both media in the presence of the biofilms. Samples exposed in the presence of biofilms remained untarnished and unattacked for time periods exceeding one week, while samples exposed in the sterile solutions were covered with a dark film of corrosion products.
Recursive Recovery of Sparse Signal Sequences From Compressive Measurements: A Review

In this overview article, we review the literature on design and analysis of recursive algorithms for reconstructing a time sequence of sparse signals from compressive measurements. The signals are assumed to be sparse in some transform domain or in some dictionary. Their sparsity patterns can change with time, although, in many practical applications, the changes are gradual. An important class of applications where this problem occurs is dynamic projection imaging, e.g., dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for real-time medical applications such as interventional radiology, or dynamic computed tomography.
Confidence limits for estimates of gene linkage based on analysis of recombinant inbred strains

Recombinant inbred (RI) strains are extremely useful for genetic mapping. This paper presents a simple method for determining confidence intervals for linkage estimates based on analysis of RI strains. The results show that such confidence intervals are usually large with the currently available numbers of RI strains. Therefore, map positions based only on analysis of RI strains should be interpreted with caution. To facilitate interpretation of linkage data derived from RI strains, a table is presented giving the 95 percent and 99 percent confidence intervals for all possible linkages detected with up to 45 RI strains.
Genetic Analysis of a Single Urediniospore Culture of Cronartium Quercuum F. Sp. Fusiforme, Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna Markers

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were developed for Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme, causal agent of fusiform rust disease on pines in the southern United States. Genetic linkages were identified between 103 marker loci in a population of 48 gametothalli and drops of spermatia produced from a single urediniospore culture. A preliminary genetic linkage map with eight linkage groups and 12 linked pairs is presented. Based on the extent of linkage detected among loci, the size ofthe nuclear genome of C. q. f. sp. fusiforme is estimated to be approximately 5100 recombination units. The 103 marker loci characterized are estimated to provide approximately 40% coverage ofthe genome. The random amplified polymorphic DNA markers may be of immediate utility in fingerprint identification of laboratory cultures and field isolates for epidemiological studies. Even this preliminary genetic linkage map has great potential for aiding in studies on the host-pathogen interaction in fusiform rust disease and monitoring variation in pathogen populations.
Mapping of Lr56 translocation recombinants in wheat

In an attempt to transfer the Lr56/Yr38 resistance loci from Aegilops sharonensis to wheat, a 6A-6Ssh chromosome translocation was produced. It involves essentially the entire chromosome 6Ssh with a small terminal segment of 6AL. Induced homoeologous recombination of the translocated chromosome with 6A produced numerous recombinants including three recombined chromosomes carrying Lr56 that could not be precisely mapped for lack of suitable markers. This study aimed to determine the chromosomal locations of the translocation breakpoints in these three recombinants using various DNA markers as well as physical and genetic mapping. The three recombinants Lr56-39, -157 and -175 carry small segments of Ae. sharonensis chromatin distally to the Xgpw4329 and IWA5416 loci near the 6AS telomere. The Ae. sharonensis chromatin that remains in each line includes a homoeolocus of the wheat marker locus Xdupw217 (on 6BS) and its characteristic amplification product can be used as a dominant marker for the presence of Lr56. Of the three recombined chromosomes, Lr56-157 retained the least alien chromatin and appears to be the best candidate for use in wheat breeding.
Changes of glycoconjugate expression profiles during early development

A variety of glycoconjugates, including glycosphingolipids (GSLs), expressed in mammalian tissues and cells were isolated and characterized in early biochemical studies. Later studies of virus-transformed fibroblasts demonstrated the association of GSL expression profiles with cell phenotypes. Changes of GSL expression profile were observed during mammalian embryogenesis. Cell surface molecules expressed on embryos in a stage-specific manner appeared to play key roles in regulation of cell-cell interaction and cell sorting during early development. Many mAbs showing stage-specific reactivity with mouse embryos were shown to recognize carbohydrate epitopes. Among various stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs), SSEA-1 was found to react with neolacto-series GSL Lex, while SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 reacted with globo-series Gb5 and monosialyl-Gb5, respectively. GSL expression during mouse early development was shown to shift rapidly from globo-series to neolacto/lacto-series, and then to ganglio-series. We found that multivalent Lex caused decompaction of mouse embryos, indicating a functional role of Lex epitope in the compaction process. Autoaggregation of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) F9 cells provided a useful model of the compaction process. We showed that Lex-Lex interaction, a novel type of molecular interavction termed carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction (CCI), was involved in cell aggregation. Similar shifting of GSL expression profiles from globo-series and neolacto/lacto-series to ganglio-series was observed during differentiation of human EC cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells, reflecting the essential role of cell surface glycoconjugates in early development.
Une nouvelle génération d'élastomères chlorés : pour applications dynamiques aux températures élevées

Description d'un nouvel elastomere chlore, son developpement, ses essais en laboratoire et finalement sa mise a l'epreuve dans l'application a laquelle il etait destine. Il s'agit de courroies de distribution synchrone qui sont a present largement utilisees dans l'industrie automobile
Prevention of Viral Hepatitis

Persons incarcerated in correctional systems comprise approximately 0.7% of the U.S. population and have a disproportionately greater burden of infectious diseases, including infections with hepatitis viruses (National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 2002). Approximately 2% of prison and jail releasees have current or chronic hepatitis B infection compared to 0.4–0.5% in the general population; and at least 17% were infected with hepatitis C compared to 1.8% of the general population (Box 9.1) (McQuillan et al., 1999; Alter et al., 1999). On incarceration, all adults lose access to their usual public and private health-care and disease-prevention services. Their health care becomes the sole responsibility of either the correctional system (federal, tribal, state, or local) or, less frequently, the public health system (National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 1993). For the majority of persons, entry into the correctional system provides an opportunity to access health care that they could not access before. However, the rapid turnover of the incarcerated population, especially in jails, and the suboptimal funding of correctional health and prevention services, often limits the correctional system in providing both curative and preventive care. The significance of including incarcerated populations in community-based disease prevention and control strategies is now recognized by public health and correctional professionals (Glaser & Greifinger, 1993; Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, 2002). Improved access to medical care and prevention services for incarcerated populations can benefit communities by reducing disease transmission and associated medical costs (Conklin, Lincoln, & Flanigan, 1998; Mast, Williams, Alter, & Margolis, 1998; Silberstein, Coles, Greenberg, Singer, & Voigt, 2000; Kahn, Scholl, Shane, Lemoine, & Farley, 2002; Goldstein et al., 2002). Inmates who participate in health-related programs while incarcerated have lower recidivism rates and are more likely to maintain health-conscious behaviors (Conklin et al., 1998). Finally, because incarcerated persons have a high frequency of infection with hepatitis viruses, community efforts to prevent and control these infections require inclusion of the correctional population (CDC, 1998a, 2005; Fiore, Wasley, & Bell, 2006). Chapter 9
MODELING OF NANOPARTICLE AGGLOMERATION AND POWDER BED FORMATION IN MICROSCALE SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING SYSTEMS

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has received a great deal of attention for the ability to produce three dimensional parts via laser heating. One recently proposed method of making microscale AM parts is through microscale selective laser sintering (μ-SLS) where nanoparticles replace the traditional powders used in standard SLS processes. However, there are many challenges to understanding the physics of the process at nanoscale as well as with conducting experiments at that scale; hence, modeling and computational simulations are vital to understand the sintering process physics. At the sub-micron (μm) level, the interaction between nanoparticles under high power laser heating raises additional near-field thermal issues such as thermal diffusivity, effective absorptivity, and extinction coefficients compared to larger scales. Thus, nanoparticle's distribution behavior and characteristic properties are very important to understanding the thermal analysis of nanoparticles in a μ-SLS process. This paper presents a discrete element modeling (DEM) study of how copper nanoparticles of given particle size distribution pack together in a μ-SLS powder bed. Initially, nanoparticles are distributed randomly into the bed domain with a random initial velocity vector and set boundary conditions. The particles are then allowed to move in discrete time steps until they reach a final steady state position, which creates the particle packing within the powder bed. The particles are subject to both gravitational and cohesive forces since cohesive forces become important at the nanoscale. A set of simulations was performed for different cases under both Gaussian and log-normal particle size distributions with different standard deviations. The results show that the cohesive interactions between nanoparticles has a great effect on both the size of the agglomerates and how densely the nanoparticles pack together within the agglomerates. In addition, this paper suggests a potential method to overcome the agglomeration effects in μ-SLS powder beds through the use of colloidal nanoparticle solutions that minimize the cohesive interactions between individual nanoparticles.
Dielectrophoretic label-free immunoassay for rare-analyte quantification in biological samples.

The current gold standard for detecting or quantifying target analytes from blood samples is the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The detection limit of ELISA is about 250 pg/ml. However, to quantify analytes that are related to various stages of tumors including early detection requires detecting well below the current limit of the ELISA test. For example, Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels of early oral cancer patients are 100 pg/ml and the prostate specific antigen level of the early stage of prostate cancer is about 1 ng/ml. Further, it has been reported that there are significantly less than $1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{pg}/\mathrm{mL}$ of analytes in the early stage of tumors. Therefore, depending on the tumor type and the stage of the tumors, it is required to quantify various levels of analytes ranging from ng/ml to pg/ml. To accommodate these critical needs in the current diagnosis, there is a need for a technique that has a large dynamic range with an ability to detect extremely low levels of target analytes (/ml). To address this gap, we here report on a label-free, high-throughput technique based on dielectrophoresis. This technique is capable of quantifying target analytes down to a few thousands of molecules ($\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{zmoles}$).
A clear‐sky radiation closure study using a one‐dimensional radiative transfer model and collocated satellite‐surface‐reanalysis data sets

NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship program; NASA CERES project [NNX14AP84G]; NOAA MAPP grant at the University of North Dakota [NA13OAR4310105]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA
Unequal resilience: The duration of electricity outages

Abstract The resilience of social, biophysical, and technological systems is of increasing scholarly and practical import. Guided by scholarship on disaster resilience, environmental inequality, and urban service inequality, we advance the study of “unequal resilience” in a critical infrastructure – the electric grid. We analyze inequality in electricity outage duration at the census block group level using data from the U.S. Census, the U.S. Geological Survey, and a U.S. electrical utility's database of power outages from 2002 to 2004. Our intersectional approach identifies a factor variable of American Indian disadvantage as a correlate of average outage duration – suggesting possible support for an institutional bias hypothesis. However, spatial error regression models demonstrate that unequal resilience within our study area is most consistently explained by proximity to priority assets (i.e., hospitals), average downstream customers affected by outages, and environmental conditions (i.e., the seasonality of outages). These results are consistent with existing research on utilities' response to power outages, and more broadly with the bureaucratic decision rules perspective on service inequalities. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and energy policy.
Opinion Paper: On the Diagnosis/Classification of Sexual Arousal Concerns in Women

Abstract Background In the professional literature and among our professional societies, female sexual dysfunction nomenclature and diagnostic criterion sets have been the source of considerable controversy. Recently, a consensus group, supported by the International Society for Women’s Sexual Health, published its recommendations for nosology and nomenclature, which included only one type of arousal dysfunction, female genital arousal disorder, in its classification system. Subjective arousal was considered an aspect of sexual desire and not part of the arousal phase. Aim To advocate for the importance of including subjective arousal disorder in the diagnostic nomenclature in addition to the genital arousal subtype. Methods We reviewed how the construct of subjective arousal was included in or eliminated from the iterations of various diagnostic and statistical manuals. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to examine the relations among subjective arousal, genital arousal, and desire in women with and without sexual arousal concerns. Main Outcome Measures Sexual arousal through a self-report Film Scale, physiologic sexual arousal through vaginal photoplethysmography in response to an erotic film, and the FSFI. Results The clinical literature and experience support differentiating subjective arousal from desire and genital arousal. Correlations between the FSFI domains representing desire and subjective arousal, although sufficient to suggest relatedness, share approximately 58% of the variance between constructs—a lower shared variance than FSFI domains representing subjective arousal and orgasm. Similarly, when looking at FSFI individual items best representative of sexual desire and subjective arousal, the large majority of the variance in subjective arousal was unexplained by desire. A third line of evidence showed no significant difference in levels of subjective arousal to erotic films between sexually functional women and women with desire problems. If desire and subjective arousal were the same construct, then one would expect to see evidence of low subjective arousal in women with low sexual desire. Clinical Implications Optimized treatment efficacy requires differentiating mental and physical factors that contribute to female sexual dysfunction. Strengths and Limitations Support for our conclusion is based on clinical qualitative evidence and quantitative evidence. However, the quantitative support is from only one laboratory at this time. Conclusion These findings strongly support the view that female sexual arousal disorder includes a subjective arousal subtype and that subjective arousal and desire are related but not similar constructs. We advocate for the relevance of maintaining subjective arousal disorder in the diagnostic nomenclature and present several lines of evidence to support this contention. Althof SE, Meston CM, Perelman M, et al. Opinion Paper: On the Diagnosis/Classification of Sexual Arousal Concerns in Women. J Sex Med 2017;14:1365–1371.
Synaptic integrators implement inhibitory plasticity, eliminate loops and create a “winnerless” Network

Here we discuss synaptic temporal integrators capable of computing plasticity functions between principal neurons which are inhibitory to yield a useful network dynamic. We model inhibitory spike-timing-dependent plasticity (iSTDP), parameterized by two thresholds of a pre- and post-synaptic leaky integrator. Because inhibitory synapses between principal neurons do not occur onto spines, but instead onto larger compartments of the dendritic shaft, the integrator in our model is slower than those used to model excitatory synapses onto spines. We implemented continuous iSTDP in our simulation of an all-inhibitory network and demonstrate here for the first time its ability to eliminate loops. We show how this specific circuit topology emerges and is closely related to that observed in models of recurrent excitatory networks. In addition, we show how this topology can generate a type of dynamics called “winnerless” in a subcortical brain structure called striatum, which also displays a loop-free topology. These properties are reviewed in the context of dynamic programming and the striatum's modulation of global brain topology via inhibitory gating of thalamus under the control of dopamine rewards-based learning.
Witches and Nature Control in the Palaiologan Romances and Beyond

This chapter examines the marginalization and violence inflicted on the nature-controlling witches who appear in The War of Troy, Livistros and Rodamni, and Kallimachos and Chrysorroi. Through their magical interaction with nature, these witches possess a power that lies outside patriarchal control, thus requiring their execution as a way to restore social order. The differing treatment of Medea in the Greek War of Troy, its source, Benoit de Sainte-Maure’s Roman de Troie, and analogs such as Guido delle Colonne’s Historia Destructionis Troiae and John Lydgate’s Troy Book reveals how gendered and environmental ideologies are socially constructed through translation, while a diachronic investigation of the reception of Medea by contemporary feminist, postcolonial, and indigenous writers valorizes Medea’s resistance to patriarchy.
Unique Silicone-Epoxy Coatings for Both Fouling- and Drag-Resistance in Abrasive Environments

Multiple years of international trials in both oceanic and freshwater sites have led to successful easy-release coatings based on the methyl-silicone polymers now widely employed as substitutes for tributyltin- and copper-based ship bottom paints. These have been found to be too soft for harsh conditions, especially during abrasion, but do serve for useful periods in commercial and military circumstances where abrasion is not frequent. This chapter reviews abrasion-related research of the past 20 years that identifies a novel version of silicone-based coatings with a retained easy-release value of Critical Surface Tension (CST) of about 26 mN/m, compounded with a tough epoxy component that allows the two-component coating to survive and function well in extremely abrasive circumstances. This coating has been applied to a power plant’s large intake grate (“rack”) subject to debris impact and intense zebra mussel fouling, an airfoil blade coating showing significantly lower drag than competitive paints, a turbine encasement seal layer remaining functional in zebra mussel-infested waters, and an easy-release surface for flash-frozen ice, simultaneously also resisting damage by transit through ice floes. The coating is formulated using polymeric methyl-silicone granules that are dispersed within an oil-in-water multiple emulsion in an epoxy base that maintains excellent substratum adhesion while allowing the methyl-silicone-based matter to dominate and be continuously refreshed via minimum wear at the environmental interface.
Throughput Maximization in CSMA Networks with Collisions and Hidden Terminals

The throughput at the medium-access control (MAC) layer in a wireless network, that uses the carrier-sense multiple-access (CSMA) protocol, is degraded by collisions caused by failures of the carrier-sensing mechanism. Two sources of failure in the carrier-sensing mechanism are delays in the carrier sensing mechanism and hidden terminals, in which an ongoing transmission cannot be detected at a terminal that wishes to transmit because the path loss from the active transmitter is large. In this chapter, the effect of these carrier-sensing failures is modeled using a continuous-time Markov model. The throughput of the network is determined using the stationary distribution of the Markov model. The throughput is maximized by finding optimal mean transmission rates for the terminals in the network subject to constraints on successfully transmitting packets at a rate that is at least as great as the packet arrival rate.
Climate Change and the Influence of Man’s Activities on the Global Environment

The history of changes in the Earth’s climate are traced from the earliest times to the present as recorded in the rocks and ice caps. Man’s potential impact on the climate is discussed including the impact of carbon dioxide, particulate matter, ‘albedo’ changes, irrigation, and the direct release of heat. The results of man’s activities are uncertain at this moment, but some preliminary computer calculations indicate that man can influence the climate of the Earth and that the direction of this influence in the decades to come must be that of a warming essentially in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic Ocean pack ice represents an unstable part of the ocean-atmosphere system in that a warming that would remove the pack ice would produce a major one-way transition. The impacts of such a transition would be very grave for some regions of the Earth, but cannot be spelled out to become a disaster for mankind.