cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Inappropriate Vasopressin Secretion in Association With Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in an Adult With Traumatic Basilar Skull Fracture.

Abstract Objective Hyponatremia associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage is primarily limited to pediatric patients. Only 1 case in an adult, after pituitary surgery, has been described. We present the first adult case, to our knowledge, of lumbar CSF drainage associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in a patient with a traumatic basilar skull fracture. Methods Serum and urine samples were evaluated for hyponatremia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed to evaluate the fractures. Results A 31-year-old woman was hospitalized with traumatic facial and skull base fractures and managed conservatively. Four days into her hospital stay, she underwent lumbar CSF drainage for 6 days to treat a CSF leak. On examination, the patient remained hemodynamically stable and euvolemic. Sodium levels decreased from 142 to 136 mmol/L (normal, 135-146 mmol/L) on the day before and after lumbar drain placement, respectively, down to a nadir of 124 mmol/L over 3 subsequent days. Serum osmolality was 260 mOsm/kg (275-295 mOsm/kg); urine osmolality, 482 mOsm/kg; urine Na, 175 mmol/L; and thyroid-stimulating hormone, 4.0 μIU/mL (0.3-4.7 μIU/mL). The patient received treatment with sodium tablets, fluid restriction, and hypertonic saline for a diagnosis of SIADH. Sodium levels normalized from 131 to 136 mmol/L within 16 hours after lumbar drain removal. Conclusion This case illustrated a temporal association of SIADH with CSF drainage in an adult. Although this could be coincidental because a basilar skull fracture can lead to SIADH, it raises the possibility that CSF lumbar drainage contributed to the patient’s SIADH.
Mesh Partitioning Based Direct Domain Decomposition Methods for FEM

This work generalizes the direct domain decomposition method (D3M) for FEM problems to decompositions automatically generated through mesh partitioning. To avoid direct factorization inefficiencies attributed to interface imbalances (very small/large interfaces) a custom block supernodal $LDL^{T}$ factorization of the auxiliary interface problem is proposed. Preliminary numerical investigations and comparisons with well balanced geometric partitioning based D3M on electrically large problems suggest that the proposed approach remains very competitive in terms of time and memory.
The California Extreme Wealth Tax: Revenue, Economic, and Constitutional Analysis

This report consists of revenue, economic, and constitutional analysis of the California Extreme Wealth Tax.
Evaluating palliative opportunities in pediatric patients with leukemia and lymphoma.

Background Despite favorable prognoses, pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies experience significant challenges that may lead to diminished quality of life or family stress. They are less likely to receive subspecialty palliative care (PC) consultation and often undergo intensive end-of-life (EOL) care. We examined "palliative opportunities," or events when the integration of PC would have the greatest impact, present during a patient's hematologic malignancy course and relevant associations. Methods A single-center retrospective review was conducted on patients aged 0-18 years with a hematologic malignancy who died between 1/1/12 and 11/30/17. Demographic, disease, and treatment data were collected. A priori, nine palliative opportunity categories were defined. Descriptive statistics were performed. Palliative opportunities were evaluated over temporal quartiles from diagnosis to death. Timing and rationale of pediatric PC consultation were evaluated. Results Patients (n = 92) had a median of 5.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.0) palliative opportunities, incurring 522 total opportunities, increasing toward the EOL. Number and type of opportunities did not differ by demographics. PC consultation was most common in patients with lymphoid leukemia (50.9%, 28/55) and myeloid leukemia (48.5%, 16/33) versus lymphoma (0%, 0/4, p = 0.14). Forty-four of ninety-two patients (47.8%) received PC consultation a median of 1.8 months (IQR 4.1) prior to death. Receipt of PC was associated with transplant status (p = 0.0018) and a higher number of prior palliative opportunities (p = 0.0005); 70.3% (367/522) of palliative opportunities occurred without PC. Conclusion Patients with hematologic malignancies experience many opportunities warranting PC support. Identifying opportunities for ideal timing of PC involvement may benefit patients with hematologic cancers and their caregivers.
Eyewitness Calibration May Be More Important than Eyewitness Confidence When Jurors Assess Credibility

Courts permit jurors to rely on eyewitness confidence when assessing credibility and it is well known that jurors over-rely on that confidence. Jurors also weight witness accuracy. Recently, we demonstrated that mock-jurors might find unconfident witnesses more credible than confident witnesses - if each has made an error (Tenney, MacCoun, Spellman, & Hastie, in press, 2007). Our new research shows that the benefits of being unconfident when inaccurate only extend to witnesses who are well-calibrated (confident when right and unconfident when wrong), not to those who err but are unconfident in general. Thus, we believe that mock-jurors make inferences about witnesses' meta-knowledge when assessing credibility. These findings have implications for witness preparation and for direct and cross-examination techniques.
Computation of the matched envelope of the Danilov distribution

For the purposes of this paper, we define self-consistent beams as those which give rise to linear internal electric fields and maintain this property under any linear transport. Their analytic tractability provides valuable insights into space-charge effects, and they would possess a number of ideal properties if realized in practice. Although the Kapchinsky and Vladimirsky distribution is the most famous example, a larger class of self-consistent beams exists. Here, we focus on a particular case which we call the Danilov distribution. The beam is characterized by an elliptical shape, uniform charge density, and linear relationships between the particle positions and momenta in the transverse plane. The dynamical beam behavior is more complicated than that of the Kapchinsky and Vladimirsky distribution due to space-charge-driven linear coupling between the two transverse dimensions. There is current interest in generating the Danilov distribution experimentally; however, the beam dynamics have not yet been studied in detail. In this paper, we present an iterative method to calculate the matched envelope of the Danilov distribution in both coupled and uncoupled lattices using an existing parametrization of coupled motion. We demonstrate the method by calculating matched envelopes and studying the resulting beam properties for a few simple lattices, thus laying the groundwork for future calculations to optimize the injection of a self-consistent beam in a more complicated focusing system.
'Made in China 2025' Attempts to Re-Stimulate Domestic Innovation

In May 2015, China implemented a “Made in China 2025” initiative to upgrade its manufacturing sector into one that will be considerably more innovative and competitive. Much state direction and funding have been provided to help move the country from a “Made in China” to a “Created in China” economy. This briefing describes the goals of this new initiative (in light of similar past policies), its motivation, and its targeted sectors. It also outlines China’s implementation plans and identifies potential implications for U.S firms.
The Surprising Stability of Asian Americans' and Latinos' Partisan Identities in the Early Trump Era

Two prominent, compatible accounts contend that Asian Americans and Latinos are not strongly connected to America's political parties and that their partisanship is responsive to identity threats. Donald Trump's political ascent presents a critical test, as Trump reoriented the Republican Party by foregrounding anti-immigrant hostility. Here, we test these perspectives using one of the first-ever population-based panels of Asian Americans and Latinos fielded 2016 to 2018. Across various empirical tests, we uncover surprising strength and stability in respondents’ partisan identities. In a period of pronounced anti-immigrant rhetoric, these groups remained steadfast in their party affiliation. We also show that pan-ethnic identities were stable over this period, that partisanship can shape subsequent pan-ethnic identities, and that few respondents describe the parties with reference to ethnic/racial groups in either year. By 2016, pan-ethnic identities were already stably integrated with partisanship, with little evidence of situational shifts in response to identity threats.
Toughening materials: enhancing resistance to fracture.

It has been said that God invented plasticity, but the Devil invented fracture! Both mechanisms represent the two prime modes of structural failure, respectively, plastic collapse and the rupture/b...
A primal–dual interior point method for a novel type-2 second order cone optimization

Abstract In this paper, we define a new, special second order cone as a type- k second order cone. We focus on the case of k = 2 , which can be viewed as a second order conic optimization (SOCO) problem with an additional complicating variable. For this new problem, we develop the necessary prerequisites, based on previous work for traditional SOCO problem. We then develop a primal–dual interior point algorithm for solving a type-2 second order conic optimization problem, based on a family of kernel functions suitable for this type-2 SOCO. We finally derive a new iteration bound for our framework.
The role of water dynamics in mediating protein-DNA interactions (549.4)

The role of hydration water on protein and DNA surfaces is fundamental to their interaction and processes, yet experimentally challenging to study. We recently applied a novel Overhauser dynamic nu...
ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH CLOTTING OF FIBRINOGEN BY STAPHYLOCOAGULASE AND COAGULASE-REACTING FACTOR AND THEIR INHIBITION BY DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE

Abstract Drummond, Margaret C. (Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.) and Morris Tager. Enzymatic activities associated with clotting of fibrinogen by staphylocoagulase and coagulase-reacting factor and their inhibition by diisopropylfluorophosphate. J. Bacteriol. 83:975–980. 1962.—The chemical mechanism of fibrinogen clotting by staphylocoagulase and its plasma factor (CRF) involves a preliminary stage of proteolysis, analogous to that found in thrombin-catalyzed fibrinogen clotting. Coagulase-CRF also exhibits N-α-toluene-p-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl esterase activity in addition to its fibrinogen-clotting and proteolytic activities. These enzymatic activities have been further studied by their responses to certain enzyme inhibitors, and from the standpoint of their possible interrelationships.
Combining QCD and electroweak corrections to dilepton production in the framework of the FEWZ simulation code

We combine the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to lepton-pair production through the Drell-Yan mechanism with the next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak corrections within the framework of the Fully Exclusive W and Z Production (FEWZ) simulation code. Control over both sources of higher-order contributions is necessary for measurements where percent-level theoretical predictions are crucial and in phase-space regions where the NLO electroweak corrections grow large. The inclusion of both corrections in a single simulation code eliminates the need to separately incorporate such effects as final-state radiation and electroweak Sudakov logarithms when comparing many experimental results to theory. We recalculate the NLO electroweak corrections in the complex-mass scheme for both massless and massive final-state leptons, and modify the QCD corrections in the original FEWZ code to maintain consistency with the complex-mass scheme to the lowest order. We present phenomenological results for LHC studies that include both next-to-next-to-leading order QCD and NLO electroweak corrections. In addition, we study several interesting kinematics features induced by experimental cuts in the distribution of photon radiation at the LHC.
Reactivation Kinetics of HIV-1 and Susceptibility of Reactivated Latently Infected CD4+ T Cells to HIV-1-Specific CD8+ T Cells

UNLABELLED The "shock and kill" model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) eradication involves the induction of transcription of HIV-1 genes in latently infected CD4(+) T cells, followed by the elimination of these infected CD4(+) T cells by CD8(+) T cells or other effector cells. CD8(+) T cells may also be needed to control the spread of new infection if residual infected cells are present at the time combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is discontinued. In order to determine the time frame needed for CD8(+) T cells to effectively prevent the spread of HIV-1 infection, we examined the kinetics of HIV transcription and virus release in latently infected cells reactivated ex vivo. Isolated resting, primary CD4(+) T cells from HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects on suppressive regimens were found to upregulate cell-associated HIV-1 mRNA within 1 h of stimulation and produce extracellular virus as early as 6 h poststimulation. In spite of the rapid kinetics of virus production, we show that CD8(+) T cells from 2 out of 4 viremic controllers were capable of effectively eliminating reactivated autologous CD4(+) cells that upregulate cell-associated HIV-1 mRNA. The results have implications for devising strategies to prevent rebound viremia due to reactivation of rare latently infected cells that persist after potentially curative therapy. IMPORTANCE A prominent HIV-1 cure strategy termed "shock and kill" involves the induction of HIV-1 transcription in latently infected CD4(+) T cells with the goal of elimination of these cells by either the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response or other immune cell subsets. However, the cytotoxic T cell response may also be required after curative treatment if residual latently infected cells remain. The kinetics of HIV-1 reactivation indicate rapid upregulation of cell-associated HIV-1 mRNA and a 5-h window between transcription and virus release. Thus, HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses likely have a very short time frame to eliminate residual latently infected CD4(+) T cells that become reactivated after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy following potentially curative treatment strategies.
A Live Wire: Machismo of a Distant Surface

The scientific study of socio-cultural phenomenon requires a translocation of topics elaborated from the social perspective of the individual to a rationally ordered rendition of processes suitable for comprehension from a scientific perspective. Scholarly curiosity seeded from exposure in the natural setting to economic, political, socio-cultural, evolutionary, processes dictates that study of the self, should be a science with a necessary place in the body of world literatures; yet it has proven difficult to find a perspective to contain discussions of topics in a coherent manner for scientific approach: for example, anthropology, the study of mankind, finds difficulty elaborating definition for the orientation of study; it is a member of the same set that contains it. In this presentation, based on features indigenous to a supposed distant perspective that is exposed employing experiences of history and criteria of common sensory perception, it is conjectured that a civilization lifetime pathology is contemporarily active. Example is taken from philosophical and sociological discourses, modern science theory, medicine in pursuit of international health issues, to capture conceptually a role of motions of external agents occurred within the interval of observation, elaboration of concepts, choice of directions, as a source of paradox and confusion. In supposition that does not escape simple logic, ubiquitously appealing to the experience bound senses for understanding, hidden motions, common to both observer and observed, are hypothesized to render from a sense of familiarity, a continued frustration in attaining an understanding of the self and nature. A psychical seduction is proposed to exist, related to historical behaviors associated with centrism and asceticism, produces eccentric interpretations that are bound modernly to logical circular, centric geometrical reasonings; world conceptualizations are conjectured to acquire an avoidance of a state of ‘motionless’ rather than death within selection processes. Projection by the imagination upon the unknown is conjectured to result in a seduction by an active ‘live-wire” embodied to motions occurred to a distant surface.
A water-miscible embedding resin for electron microscopy

Embedding media that are miscible with water have played a significant role in light microscopy, particularly in the study of lipids. The embedding media used for this purpose have mostly been based upon polyethylene glycols (1); they do not have suitable properties for cutting the specially thin sections needed for electron microscopy. On the other hand, the embedding media that have been developed for thin sectioning are not miscible with water and have necessitated treatment of the specimens with a separate dehydrating agent, such as acetone or ethyl alcohol, before embedding (2, 3, 4). Gelatin has been proposed as a water-miscible embedding medium for electron microscopy (5, 6, 7), but it seems likely that the great shrinkage that occurs during hardening will preclude its general use.
A Demand Based Optimum Solar Panel Orientation

The clear sky and monthly clearness index models are used to evaluate the hourly and monthly insolation on unit area of a tilted surface for the entire year. The hourly power consumption of a typical municipality (for this case New York City) for typical summer and winter days are used to determine the tilt and azimuth angles of a solar panel such that the solar energy reached the panel best match the energy consumption pattern. For the example case considered, in this work New York City, the electric power consumption peaks during summers at afternoon hours, due to increase in building cooling loads. It is found that orienting the solar panel at a westward azimuth angle with a tilt angle that results in maximum annual insolation is the best orientation of the solar panel for responding to both the peak energy demand and having reasonably high overall annual power generation. Although the model is used to optimize the solar panel orientation for New York City, it can however, be used for any building at any location as long as the needed solar data and power consumption pattern are known.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Lung metastases after curative or noncurative irradiation of microscopic primary melanomas.

Melanomas growing in the feet of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice were treated with a single dose of X-irradiation. After doses of 0, 3.75, 7.5, 10, 20, or 30 Gy the tumor-bearing limb was amputated at tumor sizes 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 mm. After doses of 40, 50, 62.5, or 72.5 Gy, progressive tumor growth did not occur, and amputation of tumor-bearing limbs was done when controls were 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 mm in size. Eighteen days after amputation the mice were killed, and pulmonary metastases were documented at autopsy. None of the mice developed pulmonary metastases after curative irradiation of the primary foot tumor. After subcurative irradiation there was a significant increase (P less than .003) in pulmonary metastases. The size of the primary melanoma is important in the prediction of these metastases. In this model melanomas can be cured by an adequate dose of irradiation, but in those not cured the incidence of lung metastases is increased. The impact of this biologic phenomenon on survival is unclear.
Interaction between collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate.

The interactions between soluble collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate in aqueous solution at pH ∼ 4 have been investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy. This technique has been used to monit...
Diagnostic techniques in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Although multiple sclerosis (MS) has been an area of great interest and effort in numerous scientific disciplines, its etiology, pathogenesis and therapy remain mysterious. Perhaps the most significant advances have resulted from the ability to be more precise in establishing the diagnosis of MS. Among the most important of the new diagnostic tools are electrophysiological techniques for examination of the visual and oculomotor systems. Tests such as the visually evoked potential (VEP) can confirm the existence of clinically suspected lesions and document the presence of asymptomatic ones. Various electrophysiological techniques for detection and evaluation of MS, as well as CSF analysis, psychological and neuroradiological procedures, and immunological observations are described. The relationship between optic neuritis and MS is reviewed, as are therapeutic regimens in use and under study.
Value and Process of Curbside Consultations in Clinical Practice: A Grounded Theory Study

Abstract Objectives To clarify the value and process of the curbside consultation and identify ways to optimize this activity. Participants and Methods We conducted 13 focus groups at an academic medical center and outlying community sites (September 2011 to January 2013), involving a purposive sample of 54 primary care and subspecialist internal medicine and family medicine physicians. Focus group discussions were transcribed and then analyzed using a constant comparative approach to identify benefits, liabilities, mechanisms, and potential improvements related to curbside consultations. Results We developed a model describing the role and process of the curbside consultation. Focus group participants perceived that curbside consultations add particular value in offering immediate, individualized answers with bidirectional information exchange, and this in turn expedites patient care and elevates patient confidence. Despite the uncompensated interruption and potential risks, experts provide curbside consultations because they appreciate the honor of being asked and the opportunity to help colleagues, expedite patient care, and teach. Key decisions for the initiator (each reflecting a potential barrier) include whom to contact, how to contact that expert, and how to determine availability. Experts decide to accept a request on the basis of personal expertise, physical location, and capacity to commit time and attention. Participants suggested systems-level improvements to facilitate expert selection, clarify expert availability, enhance access to clinical information, and acknowledge the expert's effort. Conclusions Curbside consultations play an important role in enhancing communication and care coordination in clinical medicine, but the process can be further improved. Information technology solutions may play a key role.
Detection, Estimation and Radiological Significance of Silver-110m in Oysters in the Irish Sea and the Blackwater Estuary

THE Fisheries Radiobiological Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food conducts extensive monitoring and research programmes in United Kingdom coastal waters1 to measure the extent and significance of contamination of the marine environment resulting from radioactive waste discharges and from fallout from nuclear weapon tests. Oysters (Ostrea edulis) are occasionally sampled in the vicinity of the UKAEA spent-fuel reprocessing factory at Windscale as part of this programme; these are freeze-dried after removal of the shell, and their radioactivity is measured by gamma spectrometry. The gamma spectrum of oysters collected in June 1967 is shown in Fig. 1, in which the gamma photons associated with radioisotopes in the Windscale discharge can easily be identified: 0.14, 0.51, 0.62, 0.66 and 0.75. MeV from cerium-144 (and 141), ruthenium-106 (and 103), caesium-137 and zirconium-95/niobium-95. Two further gamma photons can, however, be seen at 0.89 and 1.12. MeV. The 1.12 MeV photon was ascribed to the presence of zinc-65, which is a neutron activation product from zinc impurity in the magnox cladding of spent fuel elements, and which is known both to be present in the liquid discharge from nuclear power station cooling ponds and to be reconcentrated to a high degree in oysters.
Pulmonary valve repair: an option for an emerging problem.

In this report, we present our experience with successful pulmonary valve repair for pulmonary regurgitation in a 15-year-old patient who had undergone percutaneous pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis in the neonatal period. The pathological findings and the technique of repair are described in detail as the number of such patients is expected to increase in future.(J Card Surg 2010;25:87-89)
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Poor Functioning after Isolated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

Abstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of poor 3 and 12 month quality of life outcomes in a cohort of pediatric patients with isolated mild TBI. We conducted a prospective cohort study of children and adolescents 15 points between baseline and follow-up scores (at 3 and 12 months). Of the 329 patients who met inclusion criteria, 11.3% (95% CI 8.3–15.3%) at 3 months and 12.9% (95% CI 9.6–17.2%) at 12 months following injury had relatively poor functioning. Significant predictors of poor functioning included less parental education, Hispanic et...
Halo-orbit and lunar-swingby missions of the 1990's

Abstract A significant number of spacecraft are planning to use halo orbits and lunar-swingby trajectories in the next decade. Four spacecraft will be placed into halo orbits around the Earth's sunward libration point, while two others will be stationed near the Sun-Earth L2 libration point in the distant geomagnetic tail. Six spacecraft, including two of the aforementioned halo orbiters, will make use of lunar-swingby maneuvers to fulfill their mission objectives. Thus, a total of ten spacecraft, five from the Soviet Union, two from Japan, two from the United States, and one from the European Space Agency, will employ halo orbits and/or lunar-swingby trajectories in the 1990's. Pertinent facts are presented for each of these missions.
Street vending and public policy: a global review

Provide a general contemporary overview of street vending around the world, focusing on the major issues underlying its permanence as a phenomenon, and the ambivalent attitudes displayed towards it by governments and off‐street business communities. Focuses on street vendors as an occupational group ad includes arguments for and against their existence, the impact of their geographical and economic location, and role of the government.
Evidence for sideward emission of Sc fragments in the interaction of U 238 with 400 GeV protons

Thick-target recoil properties of Sc fragments produced in the interaction of /sup 238/U with 400 GeV protons have been determined. The anisotropy parameter b/a was obtained from measurements on targets oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the proton beam on the assumption that the angular distribution of the fragments in the moving system has the form a + b cos/sup 2/theta. The weighted average value of b/a for four Sc nuclides is -0.67 +- 0.12, this value indicating that the angular distribution must show strong sideways peaking. (AIP)
Pattern of retinal dysfunction in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy

Purpose: To elucidate the pathophysiology of the diseases recently grouped under the name of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). Methods: Twenty-four patients with the diagnosis of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute idiopathic blind-spot enlargement syndrome, acute macular neuroretinopathy, multifocal choroiditis, or pseudo-presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, or a combination of these diagnoses, were evaluated on one or more visits with fullfield electroretinograms (ERGs) and kinetic and static perimetry. Sera and IgG fractions were tested using immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of fixed and unfixed human and rat retina. Results: Patients with AZOOR as a group showed abnormal results for all eight ERGs and two visual field parameters measured. Interocular asymmetry was a prominent feature of the patients' test results. Logistic regression indicated that interocular differences in ERG parameters significantly increased the efficacy of identifying patients with AZOOR beyond that of the parameter values alone. Visual field area correlated well with ERG a-wave amplitude. Serial visual function tests in a subset of patients showed that there could be short-term partial recovery or progressive loss of function. Autoantibodies to a specific retinal cell type were not detected. Conclusions: All patients with AZOOR showed a pattern of visual dysfunction that was photoreceptor in origin, patchy in its distribution across the retina, and asymmetric in the two eyes. There was considerable variability in the severity and the natural history of retinal dysfunction in the patients studied. The full-field ERG was found to be a valuable adjunct in diagnosing AZOOR, especially when the expected interocular variation in measured parameters was known for control subjects. No evidence was obtained for autoantibodies to any retinal cell type in the patients with AZOOR who were tested.
Effects of the ρ Meson on Nucleon Form Factors

The isovector charge and anomalous magnetic moment form factors of the nucleon are calculated assuming that the low-energy part of the spectral function is determined by the two-pion intermediate state and the high-energy part of the spectral function can be represented by a subtraction constant. The results are compared with experimental analysis in the form of a pole plus a subtraction constant for each form factor. The spectral function is given in terms of the pion form factor ($2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}$) and the $N\overline{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\pi}$ amplitudes. The phase of $2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ as well as $N\overline{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\pi}$ are determined in terms of $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ $p$-wave phase shift which is adjusted to fit the observed $\ensuremath{\rho}$-resonance with a mass of 760 MeV and a full width of \ensuremath{\sim}130 MeV. In the calculation of the $N\overline{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\pi}$ amplitudes, the exchange of a nucleon and a (3-3) resonance are included as Regge poles. Two parameters are introduced in the Regge pole description. These parameters are adjusted to fit two constants ${a}_{1}$ and ${a}_{2}$ obtained from the experimental analysis of the form factors. The effective mass of the two-pion state which results from the present calculation is approximately 600 to 650 MeV (well below the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ mass), in good agreement with the experimental determination.
Obesity and change in estimated GFR among older adults.

Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is growing most rapidly among older adults; however, determinants of impaired kidney function in this population are not well understood. Obesity assessed in midlife has been associated with chronic kidney disease. Study Design Cohort study. Setting & Participants 4,295 participants in the community-based Cardiovascular Health Study, aged ≥ 65 years. Predictors Body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass measured using bioelectrical impedance. Outcome Change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during 7 years of follow-up. Measurements Longitudinal estimates of GFR calculated using the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation. Results Estimated GFR decreased by an average of 0.4 ± 3.6 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /y, and rapid GFR loss (>3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /y) occurred in 693 participants (16%). Baseline body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass were each associated with increased risk of rapid GFR loss: ORs, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.09-1.30) per 5 kg/m 2 , 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16-1.36) per 12 cm, and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05-1.24) per 10 kg after adjustment for age, sex, race, and smoking. The magnitude of increased risk was larger for participants with estimated GFR 2 at baseline ( P for interaction Limitations Few participants with advanced chronic kidney disease at baseline, no direct GFR measurements. Conclusion Obesity may be a modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease in older adults.
Targeting Intracellular Signaling Molecules Within the Neuron to Promote Repair After Spinal Cord Injury

Axonal elongation, pathfinding, branching, and the formation of synaptic contacts are highly complex processes that involve the coordination of various environmental cues such as cell adhesion molecules, gradients of trophic molecules, and the extracellular matrix. The constant exposure of this diverse array of environmental cues in the developing or injured central nervous system to the highly motile tip of the growing axon, the growth cone, is integrated by intracellular signaling cascades that initiate dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling and altered gene expression. This results in either axonal growth or retraction, growth cone collapse, fasciculation, or synapse formation and stabilization. It has been recently demonstrated that direct modulation of several intracellular signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo can override environmental cues and direct axonal growth responses. The current review will examine intracellular signaling pathways in the neuron putatively involved in axon growth, will examine h...
Interpretation of the nitrogen spin densities in the primary donor cation of photosynthetic reaction centers

Abstract Electron spin echo modulation investigation of the primary donor cation radical (P865.+) of photosynthetic reaction centers yields a different set of anisotropic 15N hyperfine coupling constants from the values previously reported by ENDOR measurements [(1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 7792-7796]. The spin densities on the nitrogens, as reflected by our anisotropic coupling constants, support the special pair model for the primary donor cation, whereas spin densities based on anisotropic 15N hyperfine coupling constants of ENDOR are incompatible with either a monomer or a dimer model.
165. Linkage to care and engagement in care for newly diagnosed HIV-positive youth within fifteen adolescent medicine clinics in the United States

Purpose: The National HIV/AIDS Strategy emphasizes the importance of linkage to care (LTC) for newly diagnosed persons. However, 30% or more of newly diagnosed youth are not linked-to-care within 6 months. The study describes a structural intervention to enhance care linkage and engagement for newly diagnosed youth. SMILE in Caring for Youth (SMILE) is an NIH, CDC and the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (ATN) collaboration that provided a full-time LTC outreach worker (OW) to each of the 15 ATN sites. The goal of the study is to report on preliminary findings regarding the success of the SMILE program for improving LTC outcomes.
Hydraulic load vs. impulse force analysis for a magnetic pulsatile LVAD

Pump hydraulic performance analysis is done with a CAD (computer-aided design) program called FLOW. MAGSAT/FLOW is an interaction format used to define the functional interdependence of volumetric pulsatile flow with the physical design parameters of pump force, strike volume, valve-port characteristics, and after-load forces. It is shown that the MAGSAT/FLOW CAD format is very effective in evaluating design parameter change efficiency in terms of the interaction between actuator force and specific pump chamber design factors. Its greatest benefit is the large cost reduction achieved by the elimination of physical fabrication costs of trial and error hardware models. >
27-year-old woman with pancytopenia.

A 27-year-old woman had a 4-week history of progressive dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, light-headedness during activity, and frontal headache. She denied having fever, cough, chest pain, or vertigo. Hematologic studies showed a hemoglobin concentration of 5.0 g/dL, a mean corpuscular volume of 102.9 fL, a total leukocyte count of 4.3 x 109/L (differential: neutrophils, 1.35 x 109; lymphocytes, 2.54 x 109; mononuclear cells, 0.39 x 109; eosinophils, 0.01 X 109; and basophils, 0.01 X 109),and a platelet count of 115 X 109/ L. She was hospitalized for further assessment. The patient's past medical history was remarkable for a chronic generalized seizure disorder; the last tonic-clonic seizure had occurred 3 months before the current admission. She experienced absence seizures daily. One episode of streptococcal pharyngitis was treated with orally administered penicillin 4 months before the current examination. Medications included valproic acid, 1 g/day in divided doses (a regimen that had been used for 7 years), and felbamate, 1,200 mg three times daily (therapy that had been initiated 7 months before hospitalization). She used nonprescription aspirin preparations for headaches. The patient had no family history of hematologic disorders, and a complete blood cell count performed 8 months previously had shown normal results. Menses were normal, and no other overt source of blood loss was identified. The patient had never received chemotherapy or radiation treatment, and no exposure to toxins was elicited. Physical examination revealed a resting tachycardia of 110 beats/min and a normal blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature. Pallor was noted. A grade 2 (on the basis of 1 to 6) systolic murmur was heard over the precordium. No adenopathy, splenomegaly, or neurologic deficit was detected. Two painless ecchymoses, each less than 5 em in diameter, were seen over the left deltoid muscle and anterior aspect of the thigh. On admission, an electrolyte panel, liver
Changing Perceptions of a Dating Partner.

Changing the perceptions one person has of another could be very useful in counseling and clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to determine if through additional information (i.e., information similar to that received through therapy) college students would change their perception of a partner in an analogue dating relationship. Results indicated that the perception change strategies caused male subjects to refrain from making more positive, extreme, or confident attributions about the fictitious person. Female subjects, however, made more positive attributions about their partner as a result of the perception change strategies. Directions for future research are discussed.
The influence of reward associations on conflict processing in the Stroop task

Performance in a behavioral task can be facilitated by associating stimulus properties with reward. In contrast, conflicting information is known to impede task performance. Here we investigated how reward associations influence the within-trial processing of conflicting information using a color-naming Stroop task in which a subset of ink colors (task-relevant dimension) was associated with monetary incentives. We found that color-naming performance was enhanced on trials with potential-reward versus those without. Moreover, in potential-reward trials, typical conflict-induced performance decrements were attenuated if the incongruent word (task-irrelevant dimension) was unrelated to reward. In contrast, incongruent words that were semantically related to reward-predicting ink colors interfered with performance in potential-reward trials and even more so in no-reward trials, despite the semantic meaning being entirely task-irrelevant. These observations imply that the prospect of reward enhances the processing of task-relevant stimulus information, whereas incongruent reward-related information in a task-irrelevant dimension can impede task performance.
Intrinsic capacitance extraction and estimation for system-on-chip power delivery development

This paper presents the methodology of on-die parasitic intrinsic capacitance extraction and estimation at the early phase of system-on-chip (SOC) design and development cycle. Accurate estimation of the intrinsic capacitance is critical to prevent circuit overdesign and additional on-die decoupling capacitance requirements that could result in larger silicon footprint. The correlation of the simulated results and silicon measurement data is presented and further discussed in this study. Impacts of intrinsic capacitance to the power delivery capacitance and overall intellectual property (IP) block design optimization are also enveloped in this paper.
Vibrational Analysis of the Model Complex (μ-edt)[Fe(CO)3]2 and Comparison to Iron-Only Hydrogenase: The Activation Scale of Hydrogenase Model Systems

Research on simple [FeFe] hydrogenase model systems of type (mu-S(2)R)[Fe(CO)(3)](2) (R = C(2)H(4) (edt), C(3)H(6) (pdt)) which have been shown to function as robust electrocatalysts for proton reduction, provides a reference to understand the electronic and vibrational properties of the active site of [FeFe] hydrogenases and of more sophisticated model systems. In this study, the solution and solid state Raman spectra of (mu-edt)[Fe(CO)(3)](2) and of the corresponding (13)CO-labeled complex are presented and analyzed in detail, with focus on the nu(C=O) and nu(Fe-CO)/delta(Fe-C=O) vibrational regions. These regions are specifically important as vibrations involving CO ligands serve as probes for the "electron richness" of low-valent transition metal centers and the geometric structures of the complexes. The obtained vibrational spectra have been completely assigned in terms of the nu(C=O), nu(Fe-CO), and delta(Fe-C=O) modes, and the force constants of the important C=O and Fe-CO bonds have been determined using our Quantum Chemistry Centered Normal Coordinate Analysis (QCC-NCA). In the 400-650 cm(-1) region, fifteen mixed nu(Fe-CO)/delta(Fe-C=O) modes have been identified. The most prominent Raman peaks at 454, 456, and 483 cm(-1) correspond to a combination of nu(Fe-CO) stretching and delta(Fe-C=O) linear bending modes. The less intense peaks at 416 cm(-1) and 419 cm(-1) correspond to pure delta(Fe-C=O) linear bends. In the nu(C=O) region, the nu(C=O) normal modes at lower energy (1968 and 1964 cm(-1)) are almost pure equatorial (eq) nu(C=O)(eq) stretching vibrations, whereas the remaining four nu(C=O) normal modes show dominant (C=O)(eq) (2070 and 1961 cm(-1)) and (C=O)(ax) (2005 and 1979 cm(-1); ax = axial) contributions. Importantly, an inverse correlation between the f(C=O)(ax/eq) and f(Fe-CO)(ax/eq) force constants is obtained, in agreement with the idea that the Fe(I)-CO bond in these types of complexes is dominated by pi-backdonation. Compared to the reduced form of [FeFe] hydrogenase (H(red)), the nu(C=O) vibrational frequencies of (mu-edt)[Fe(CO)(3)](2) are higher in energy, indicating that the dinuclear iron core in (mu-edt)[Fe(CO)(3)](2) is less electron rich compared to H(red) in the actual enzyme. Finally, quantum yields for the photodecomposition of (mu-edt)[Fe(CO)(3)](2) have been determined.
The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in Paget's disease of the breast.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has become a standard of care for axillary lymph node staging in breast cancer and appears suitable for virtually all patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) invasive disease. However, its role in Paget’s disease of the breast, a condition in which invasion may or may not be present, remains undefined. Among 7,083 consecutive SLN biopsy procedures, we retrospectively identified 39 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. Nineteen patients had no associated clinical/radiographic features (“Paget’s only”), and 20 patients had associated clinical/radiographic findings (“Paget’s with findings”). The mean ages for the Paget’s alone and with findings groups were 63.6 and 49.6 years, respectively. The use of breast conservation therapy was 32% in the Paget’s alone group and 10% in the Paget’s with findings group. Invasive carcinoma was found in 27% of patients in the Paget’s alone group and 55% of patients in the Paget’s with findings group. The success rate of SLN biopsy was 98%, and the mean number of SLNs removed was 3 in both groups. In the entire cohort of Paget’s disease, 28% (11/39) of the patients had positive SLNs (11%, Paget’s alone; 45%, Paget’s with findings). In our “Paget’s only” cohort, invasive cancer was found in 27% of cases and positive SLNs in 11%. SLN biopsy should be considered in all patients with Paget’s disease of the breast, whether associated clinical/radiographic findings are present.
Projections to the anterodorsal thalamus and lateral mammillary nuclei arise from different cell populations within the postsubiculum: Implications for the control of head direction cells

The neural representation of directional heading is encoded by a population of cells located in a circuit that includes the postsubiculum (PoS), anterodorsal thalamus (ADN), and lateral mammillary nuclei (LMN). Throughout this circuit, many cells rely on both movement- and landmark-related information to discharge as a function of the animal's directional heading. The PoS projects to both the ADN and LMN, and these connections may convey critical spatial information about landmarks, because lesions of the PoS disrupt landmark control in head direction (HD) cells and hippocampal place cells [Goodridge and Taube (1997) J Neurosci 17:9315-9330; Calton et al. (2003) J Neurosci 23:9719-9731]. The PoS → ADN projection originates in the deep layers of PoS, but no studies have determined whether the PoS → LMN projection originates from the same cells that project to ADN. To address this issue, two distinct cholera toxin-subunit B (CTB) fluorophore conjugates (Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 594) were injected into the LMN and ADN of the same rats, and PoS sections were examined for cell bodies containing either or both CTB conjugates. Results indicated that the PoS → LMN projection originates exclusively from a thin layer of cells located superficial to the layer(s) of PoS → ADN projection cells, with no overlap. To verify the laminar distribution and morphological characteristics of PoS → LMN and PoS → ADN cells, biotinylated dextran amine was injected into LMN or ADN of different rats, and tissue sections were counterstained with thionin. Results indicated that the PoS → LMN projection arises from large pyramidal cells in layer IV, whereas the PoS → ADN projection arises from a heterogeneous cell population in layers V/VI. This study provides the first evidence that the PoS → ADN and PoS → LMN projections arise from distinct, nonoverlapping cell layers in PoS. Functionally, the PoS may provide landmark information to HD cells in LMN.
Investigation of a light imaging system to detect small lesions in thick tissues

A light imaging system is being developed which can at this time detect and characterize small lesions on the surface and deep inside a tooth or tissue. It depends on the existence of light photons which can fully traverse a tooth in a straight path and therefore can make -- similar to x rays -- a clear shadow of a pathology on the receiver. To observe the very weak, transmitted, unscattered light rays a special patented system has been developed using collimated, narrow light beams and a highly sensitive, post collimated receiver which are rasterscanned over the entire sample. The image can be transferred in analog form to a film or observed after digitization on a 256 grayshade monitor. The light image can be observed in a regular or slower high sensitivity mode.
Physical interpretation of inverse scattering formalism applied to self-induced transparency

The inverse scattering method (ISM) as applied to self-induced transparency (SIT) is reviewed. The linear scattering equations (Zakharov-Shabat equations) that are the basis of the inverse scattering method applied to SIT are physically interpreted. They in turn are solved by establishing an analogy with the equations are shown to follow from application of the principle of causality of the parametric amplifier analog.