cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using an isolated network laboratory to teach advanced networks and security

This paper discusses the use of an isolated network laboratory to teach computer security using persistent cooperative groups and an active learning approach. Computer security and computer security education are areas of increasing importance as computer systems become more interconnected. When offered, undergraduate and graduate computer security courses are routinely taught using a traditional lecture format. If the course includes a class project, the class project is limited in scope and constitutes a relatively small portion of the student's grade. This paper examines a different approach in which the class project is the dominant factor in the student's grade. The students work in persistent cooperative teams as either a black or gold team. Black teams attempt to break into other black team computers or attack the gold team. The gold team operates Windows NT, LINUX, and Solaris-based servers and attempts to defend their servers and role-play system administrators. The entire exercise takes place in an isolated lab so as to separate student class activities from the rest of the departmental intranet. Four years of experience running the class with this format suggests that the use of persistent cooperative groups and active learning are effective approaches for teaching network security and are preferred over a lecture-based course.
Topological Stability of 2-D Vanishing Grains

Grain growth in polycrystals occurs by decreasing the total number of grains as a result of the disappearance of small ones. That is why the both the kinetic and topological details of shrinking of small grains are important. In 2-D, “uniform boundary model” assumptions imply the von Neumann-Mullins law, and all grains having less than 6 neighbors tend to shrink. The mean topological class ef vanishing grains was found experimentally to be about 4.3. This result suggests that most vanishing grains are either 4- or 5-sided, not transforming to 3-sided ones. Shrinking of 4- and 5-sided 2-D grains was studied experimentally on transparent, pure SCN, (succinonitrile) polycrystalline films and by direct computer simulation of grain boundary capillary motion together with triple junctions. It was found that the grains which are much smaller than their neighbors are topologically stable.
First report of powdery mildew of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) caused by Leveillula taurica in Washington State.

In Oct. 2007, powdery mildew was found in chickpea fields in an experimental farm near Pullman, Whitman County, Washington. Although disease signs were observed on all chickpea cultivars in the fie...
Finite difference solution of a two-dimensional mathematical model of the cochlea

A current, linear, two-dimensional mathematical model of the mechanics of the cochlea is solved numerically by using a finite difference approximation of the model equations. The finite-difference method is used to discretize Laplace's equation over a rectangular region with specified boundary conditions. The resulting matrix equation for fluid pressure is solved by using a Gaussian block-elimination technique. Numerical solutions are obtained for fluid pressure and basilar membrane displacement as a function of distance from the stapes. The finite difference method is a direct, versatile, and reasonably efficient means of solving the two-dimensional cochlear model.
Olfactory Bulbectomy in Infant Rats: Survival, Growth and Ingestive Behaviors

Abstract Growth and ingestive behaviors were measured for rats sustaining bilateral olfactory bulbectomies at 1 or 10 days of age. Tests designed to examine nipple-attachment capabilities were accomplished before weaning, and tests designed to examine drinking (e.g., water-deprivation), feeding (e.g., amphetamine-anorexia), and taste-related behaviors (e.g., quinine finickiness) were conducted from 35–150 days of age. Pups bulbectomized at 1 day of age displayed less severe nipple-attachment deficits than pups bulbectomized at 10 days of age; however, body weights of both bulbectomized groups were significantly below that of controls from the first day postsurgery through 150 days of age. Bulbectomized rats differed from controls on some drinking, feeding, and taste-related measures; deficits occurred most consistently on taste-related measures. The results are discussed in terms of neural and behavioral plasticity of developing animals sustaining neural damage.
Effects of encapsulated magnesium on growth and bone mineral concentrations in weanling rats

The effect of magnesium oxide (MgO) encapsulated (E) with a modified cellulose (Ethocel) on growth and bone minerals was assessed in weanling rats. Ethocel encapsulated Mg was added to bread flour at 10 or 30% of RDA/serving (80 mg/100g or 240 mg/100g dry bread). Bread meal, previously supplemented with Mg, was the sole source of Mg in the diet based on AIN93G. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 26 d old, 8/group, were given either control diet: AIN93G or bread based diets: Mg10E, Mg30E and Mg30N (nonencapsulated) for 4 weeks. Food intake and weight gain of rats fed Mg10E and 30E diets declined 22 and 45%, respectively (P≤0.05). The decline in liver, femur and tibia weights was consistent with decreased food intake and weight gain. Plasma Mg remained unaltered, while plasma Ca concentrations were 14 and 26% lower than the control in the Mg30E and Mg30N groups (P≤0.05). Femur Mg levels were similar to control, but tibia Mg concentrations were reduced by an average of 24% in Mg10E and Mg30E groups and significantly (43%) in the Mg30N group. There was a significant reduction in tibia Ca in the Mg30N group of about 43%; the decline in femur and tibia calcium in the other two bread groups was less significant. The data suggest that encapsulation of MgO did not alter the bioavailability of Mg; it minimized the adverse effects of supplemental Mg on calcium homeostasis.
Diversity and generation of defective interfering influenza virus particles.

Abstract A number of individually isolated, plaque-purified clones of ts-52 WSN influenza virus were analyzed for their ability to generate defective interfering (DI) virus particles. Clonal stocks, when passaged four or five times serially in MDBK cells at high multiplicity produced DI viruses each with a characteristic set of DI RNA segments. Aliquots of different viral passages from a given clone (VP1 through VP3), when passaged independently produced the same DI virus suggesting that DI viruses are already present in VP1. Furthermore, additional experiments suggested that DI viruses characteristic of a given clone were even present in the clonal stock virus and became amplified during undiluted passages. When aliquots of a virus clone (directly isolated from a plaque) were passaged independently some clones produced identical DI viruses at VP4 suggesting that DI viruses were already present in the plaque whereas aliquots of another clone produced different DI viruses suggesting that DI viruses were absent in the clone and were generated subsequently during passages. Thus DI virus can be generated even in the plaque produced by a single infectious virus. Large quantities of a particular DI virus could be produced by coinfection with a helper infectious virus. However, continued amplification of DI viruses for a large number of passages by a helper infectious virus resulted in disappearance of some DI RNA segments with the appearance of possible new DI RNA segments. Mixed infections of two different DI viruses in the presence of helper virus resulted in the production of both types of major DI viruses. Furthermore, we have developed an assay for quantitating DI virus directly using an infectious center reduction method. Our data suggest that a single DI virus particle can inhibit infectious center formation by standard virus and that standard virus is replaced almost entirely by DI virus after four undiluted passages.
Pseudoseizures, sexual abuse, and hermeneutic reasoning

It has been proposed that pseudoseizures are a symbolic expression of having been sexually abused. Such reasoning is hermeneutic in nature and potentially damaging if uncritically used. Sexual abuse is one of several risk factors for pseudoseizures, but it should not be deduced simply from the occurrence or form of the conversion disorder.
Framework for building a low-cost, scalable, and secured platform for web-delivered business services

Many business services are now being delivered over the Web. This method of delivery is attracting the attention of both small- and medium-sized businesses and providers of application-based services because of its easier access, more affordable fees, and greater efficiency in delivering services to massive numbers of receivers. However, it requires the resolution of several key technical challenges. Data security is of top priority for most users because their data reside on remote servers whose resources are shared among tenants. In addition, such a platform needs to meticulously control the operational and delivery costs so that it remains competitive compared with traditional approaches. We have been developing a low-cost, scalable, and secured platform for Web-delivered business services. The platform enables the delivery of business services over the Web with a set of common business and operational support services, including subscription management, massive multitenancy, federated identity management, Web application security protection, and more. For instance, massive multitenancy deals with the isolation of data and service performance for subscribers. In this paper, we discuss the framework for such a platform, the key challenges for realizing the framework, and the approaches for dealing with the challenges.
Immunologic hierarchy and promiscuity of melanoma helper peptides

Meeting abstracts Melanoma vaccines have been designed to expand specific CD8+ T-cells, but melanoma-reactive helper T-cells also can have antitumor activity. We previously observed clinical activity of a vaccine incorporating 6 melanoma helper peptides (6MHP), and found associations between CD4+ T
Na+ channel β1 subunit mRNA: differential expression in rat spinal sensory neurons

The brain Na+ channel β1 subunit (Naβ1) mRNA has recently been localized within rat central nervous system where it is expressed at differing levels in different types of neurons. In the present study, we have studied the expression pattern of Naβ1 mRNA in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry. Naβ1 mRNA is differentially expressed in adult DRG, with higher levels in intermediate-to-large (> approximately 25 μm in diameter) DRG neurons than in small (< 25 μm) DRG neurons. This cell body size-related Naβ1 mRNA expression is consistently observed beginning at postnatal day 4 and continues throughout development to adulthood. The present results indicate that (i) Naβ1 mRNA is expressed in neurons in the peripheral nervous system and (ii) Naβ1 gene expression is differentially regulated in DRG neurons in relation to their cell body sizes.
Dosage-response relationships for methyl methanesulfonate in Drosophila melanogaster spermatozoa: DNA methylation per nucleotide vs. sex-linked recessive lethal frequency

Abstract Two different mechanisms for mutagenesis following treatment with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) are suggested from the dose-response curve that is best fit by the linear quadratic model where m = 0.130 D + 0.038 D 2 ( D = dose measured as alkylations per nucleotide × 10 3 , APdN; m = percent sex-linked recessive lethals, SRL). A predominant component of the dose-response curve at moderate to high dose is the quadratic component which is interpreted as the result of two single-strand breaks. The distribution of methyl adducts in vivo is consistent with the previously determined in vitro distribution of methyl adducts on DNA following treatmment with MMS. With the use of HPLC, 82% of the 3 H-labeled adducts are found on the N −7 of guanine. It has previously been shown by both in vitro studies and in vivo correlation with mutagenesis that the N −7 alkyl guanine is not in itself a predominately genetoxic lesion; however, N −7 alkyl guanine destabilizes guanine resulting in an increased rate of hydrolysis producing apurinic sites. In data presented in this paper, the loss of labeled adducts is shown to be at a rate consistent with hydrolysis of the destabilized alkyl guanine. The apurinic site thus produced should be converted to single-strand breaks by AP endonucleases once sperm has fertilized the egg. Single-strand breaks are repaired by excision repair which is not errot-prone; however, multiple breaks producing a proximity effect should lead to double-strand breaks that are repaired by an error-prone process. Mutations that are induced by a proximity effect would account for the quadratic term. It is hypothesized that a proximity effect is produced when two breaks are suffuciently close together to prevent using the complementary strand as a template. The linear component of the dose-response curve is probably due to akylation of oxygens in the purine or pyrimidine ring leading to mispairing. However, due to the low frequency of ring-oxygen alkylation following treatment with MMS, this important genotoxic site is not the predominant one observed at experimental levels normally used in the laboratory. From the dose-response curve, it is calculated that at mutation frequencies of 10 times the spontaneous frequency or higher, the predominant mechanism is the multi-hit component; however, at mutation induced frequencies of 0.1 of the spontaneous frequency, which are levels more likely to be encountered in man's exposure to environmental mutagens, the dominant mechanism is the linear component. Therefore, because of the quadratic term of the dose-response curve for MMS, studies with this mutagen at levels of mutagenesis of 10-fold or higher required for the specific locus test do not yield and analysis of the mechanism of mutagenesis important at environmental levels of 0.1 of the spontaneous frequency.
A hydrodynamic model of Green Water incidents

Abstract A new design tool has been developed for the calculation of water velocities on the deck of a ship as a result of Green Water incidents. This tool models the flow by simulating a shelf submerging into a pool of water. The results from this new design procedure are compared with the results from the standard procedure, which indicates that the standard approach is conservative. The flow of water is modelled using a numerical method, which applies potential flow theory and uses a desingularised boundary integral equation method combined with an implicit time-stepping procedure.
Parent perceptions of school-based support for students with traumatic brain injuries.

Primary objective: To determine whether parents believe schools provided necessary support to their children who sustained traumatic brain injuries.Research design: Interview, to determine parent perceptions.Methods and procedure: Sixty-six primary caregivers of school-age children who experienced a TBI within the previous 2 years were interviewed regarding what types of special support were needed by and provided for their children during the 3 months immediately following school re-entry. They then rated how difficult it was to obtain support or services from the school and how satisfied they were with the support or services.Main outcomes and results: The majority of participants did not perceive the need for school-based services, even when the injury was severe. Almost all students whose parents perceived a need for an adjusted schedule were granted that accommodation, but few students received school-based counselling or behavioural support.Conclusions: Results indicated that participants perceived ...
Chemical ligation of unprotected peptides directly from a solid support

In this article we describe a new, convenient procedure to carry out intramolecular (cyclization) and intermolecular native chemical ligations of unprotected peptides directly from a solid support. Our solid-phase ligation approach eliminates the need to manipulate peptide *thioacid and peptide ”thioester intermediates in aqueous solution before the ligation step, thereby leading to a reduction in handling losses and significantly increasing the overall efficiency of the chemical ligation strategy. A key step in our ligation scheme is the ability to generate fully unprotected peptides tethered to a solid support through an athioester linkage. This can be achieved efficiently using optimized Boc-solid-phase peptide synthesis on a 3-mercaptopropionamide-polyethylene glycol-poly-(N,Ndimethylacrylamide) copolymer support (HS-PEGA). Once the synthesis is complete, the fully protected peptide athioester resin is treated with HF to give the corresponding fully unprotected peptide *thioester resin. Using this procedure several polypeptides ranging from 15 to 47 residues were synthesized successfully. These peptideresins were then used to perform both intramolecular (head-to-tail cyclizations) and intermolecular solid-phase ligations. The intramolecular solid-phase ligations proceeded much faster than their intermolecular counterparts, but in both cases the reactions were observed to be remarkably clean. The presence of aromatic thiol cofactors significantly accelerated the relatively slow intermolecular ligations. This novel methodology was then extended to provide a general method for performing sequential intermolecular ligations, allowing easy access to much larger polypeptide and protein systems. 0 Munksgaard 1998.
Initial Data Sampling in Design Optimization

Evolutionary computation (EC) techniques in design optimization such as genetic algorithms (GA) or efficient global optimization (EGO) require an initial set of data samples (design points) to start the algorithm. They are obtained by evaluating the cost function at selected sites in the input space. A two-dimensional input space can be sampled using a Latin square, a statistical sampling technique which samples a square grid such that there is a single sample in any given row and column. The Latin hypercube is a generalization to any number of dimensions. However, a standard random Latin hypercube can result in initial data sets which may be highly correlated and may not have good space-filling properties. There are techniques which address these issues. We describe and use one technique in this paper.
A local activator-inhibitor model of vertebrate skin patterns

Abstract A model for vertebrate skin patterns is presented in which the differentiated (colored) pigment cells produce two diffusible morphogens, an activator and an inhibitor. The concentrations of these two substances at any point on the skin determine whether a pigment cell at that point will be colored or not. Computer simulations with this model show many realistic features of spot and stripe patterns found in vertebrates.
Chaos in an adaptive controller

Abstract A specific example is used to show that some bounded instability in adaptive control systems can be understood as a chaotic phemonenon displayed by the closed-loop system. For the given example, it is shown that the identification algorithm used has a direct effect on the convergence of the adaptive system.
A Comparison of Measures of Adjustment, Symptoms, and Impairment among Children with Chronic Medical Conditions

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the concurrent and criterion validity of three instruments used to measure emotional and behavioral problems among children with chronic illness. Method The Personal Adjustment and Role Skills Scale (PARS III), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS) were compared with each other and with structured interview-derived psychiatric diagnoses in 116 chronically ill children, aged 9 to 18 years. Three cutoff scores were used for each measure. Results The measures had good concurrent validity despite only moderate agreement with each other. Their criterion validity was only fair: levels of sensitivity were fair at low cutoffs and poor at standard and high cutoffs; specificity and positive predictive values rose from moderate at low cutoffs to high at standard and high cutoffs. The agreement between the scales and a mental disorder diagnosis was only moderate at any of the cutoff points. Conclusions Each of these measures has significant limitations. Both the CBCL and the PARS III appear to measure similar constructs but are likely to underidentify medically ill children with comorbid psychiatric problems. Consideration of global functioning across domains, with a measure such as the CIS, might provide an alternative approach to behavioral and symptom checklists in the assessment and management of children with chronic conditions.
Effect of trypsin on phytohemagglutinin stimulated DNA synthesis in rat spleen cell cultures.

On a etudie l'action de la phytohemagglutinine (PHA) sur la stimulation de l'incorporation de thymidine tritiee a la DNA de cellules spleniques de rats, en cultures a court terme. Il a ete possible de stimuler la synthese de la DNA dans ce type de cultures au moyen de la trypsinisation des cellules dispersees avant l'addition de la PHA. Les variations relativement faibles observees dans ce type d'essai vont faciliter les etudes des mecanismes cellulaires et biochimiques associes a la stimulation par la PHA.
Estimation, Prediction, and Interpolation for ARIMA Models with Missing Data

Abstract We show how to define and then compute efficiently the marginal likelihood of an ARIMA model with missing observations. The computation is carried out by using the univariate version of the modified Kalman filter introduced by Ansley and Kohn (1985a), which allows a partially diffuse initial state vector. We also show how to predict and interpolate missing observations and obtain the mean squared error of the estimate.
Use of laser scattering for quantitative determinations of bacterial motility

Abstract Laser light intensity correlation spectroscopy is used to measure bacterial motility. The angular dependence of the scattering spectra from motile E. Coli K12 bacteria is in agreement with theoretical predictions. By taking appropriate integrations of the spectra, the swimming speed distribution of the bacteria is determined.
The placenta: sonographic-pathologic correlations.

T HE REVOLUTION in ultrasound equipment has made possible a more detailed examination of the in vivo placenta. Prior to the advent of gray scale equipment, the main objective of placental sonography was localization. Now it is possible to evaluate the internal structure of the placenta and the architecture of the retroplacental area, and to differentiate between pathologic abnormalities and the changes of normal evolution.
Halogenated acetic and acrylic acids from the red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis

Abstract Nine halogenated acetic acids and nine halogenated acrylic acids have been identified in the aqueous extract of Hawaiian Asparagopsis taxiformis .
Triggers and inference in data base systems

There is a collection of database applications (such as real time control) which may be best accomplished using collections of triggers. The paradigm in which an initial action recursively triggers dependent actions is often called forward chaining. In addition, database support for large knowledge bases requires at least a simple inferencing capability. When a retrieve command cannot be satisfied using only stored data, a data manager must determine if a rule in the knowledge base can be used to reformulate the query. In this way, one works from the desired data toward database facts which must be ascertained using backward chaining.
Phosphorelay and Transcription Control in Cytokinin Signal Transduction

The past decade has seen substantial advances in knowledge of molecular mechanisms and actions of plant hormones, but only in the past few years has research on cytokinins begun to hit its stride. Cytokinins are master regulators of a large number of processes in plant development, which is known to be unusually plastic and adaptive, as well as resilient and perpetual. These characteristics allow plants to respond sensitively and quickly to their environments. Recent studies have demonstrated that cytokinin signaling involves a multistep two-component signaling pathway, resulting in the development of a canonical model of cytokinin signaling that is likely representative in plants. This Viewpoint outlines this general model, focusing on the specific example of Arabidopsis, and introduces the STKE Connections Maps for both the canonical module and the specific Arabidopsis Cytokinin Signaling Pathway.
Temperature Dependent Characteristics of Thin Film Nanocrystal Solar Cells

Photovoltaic devices made from thin films cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystals and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are studied. The temperature dependence of photovoltaic characteristics suggest hopping dominated transport in sintered nanoparticle films.
Detection of preferential particle orientation in the atmosphere: Development of an alternative polarization lidar system

Abstract Increasing interest in polarimetric characterization of atmospheric aerosols has led to the development of complete sample-measuring (Mueller) polarimeters that are capable of measuring the entire backscattering phase matrix of a probed volume. These Mueller polarimeters consist of several moving parts, which limit measurement rates and complicate data analysis. In this paper, we present the concept of a less complex polarization lidar setup for detection of preferential orientation of atmospheric particulates. On the basis of theoretical considerations of data inversion stability and propagation of measurement uncertainties, an optimum optical configuration is established for two modes of operation (with either a linear or a circular polarized incident laser beam). The conceptualized setup falls in the category of incomplete sample-measuring polarimeters and uses four detection channels for simultaneous measurement of the backscattered light. The expected performance characteristics are discussed through an example of a typical aerosol with a small fraction of particles oriented in a preferred direction. The theoretical analysis suggests that achievable accuracies in backscatter cross-sections and depolarization ratios are similar to those with conventional two-channel configurations, while in addition preferential orientation can be detected with the proposed four-channel system for a wide range of conditions.
The impact of tax increment finance districts on localized real estate: Evidence from Chicago’s multifamily markets

Abstract Sales price indices for the Chicago multifamily real estate market are developed in order to examine the influence that designating an area a tax increment financing district (TIF) has on the real property appreciation rates. Chicago is a community with a long history of TIF investment and a patchwork of more than 130 established TIF districts, comprising over 29 percent of the city’s total acreage and approximately 19 percent of the total real property tax base. Municipal governments across the country have come under increased pressure to provide quantifiable evidence that the tools they employ in the name of economic development have the potential to increase private investment. The results indicate that properties located within a designated TIF district exhibit higher rates of appreciation after the area is designated a qualifying TIF district when compared to those properties selling outside TIF districts, and when compared to properties that sell within TIF district boundaries prior to designation. The findings provide support for the hypothesis that TIF policy impacts property values through increased investment.
A psychomedical survey of a private outpatient clinic in a university hospital

Abstract An analysis of 163 unselected patients from a private outpatient clinic in a university hospital is presented. Their general and psychomedical characteristics have been evaluated in an attempt to delineate the kind of patient attending this clinic, the types of medical problems encountered and the role of psychic factors in these illnesses. It was determined in the patients studied that 49 per cent had psychogenic disorders alone and 27 per cent a combination of psychic and somatic processes. In all, 76 per cent of the patients were suffering wholly or in part from emotionally dictated disease. Their medical problems appeared to be merely one reflection of a multi-faceted personality disorder which was mirrored in many other spheres of activity. If these findings are valid and have widespread application, then, as physicians, we will have to pay more than lip service to the "person in the patient." 5
Role of direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy in recurrent croup.

ObjectiveTo determine risk factors in children with recurrent croup that predict moderate/severe findings on direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy and need for further operative interventions.Study DesignRetrospective chart review cohort.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsRetrospective chart review of 103 patients diagnosed with recurrent croup who underwent diagnostic laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy from January 2004 to August 2013. Statistical analysis determined risk factors significantly associated with moderate/severe operative findings. A probability tree was formulated.ResultsOf 103 patients, 30.1% had history of intubation, 6.8% had a history of subglottic stenosis, 6.8% had a history of previous airway procedure, 11.7% consultations were inpatient, 64.1% had asthma, 47.6% had seasonal allergies, 60.2% had gastroesophageal reflux disease, 15.5% were aged ≤12 months, and 51.5% were ≤36 months. Statistically significant risk factors in predicting moderately/severely abnormal o...
Rotationally Inelastic Collisions of CN(A2Π) with Small Molecules

An optical-optical double resonance technique has been utilized to investigate rotational energy transfer of selected rotational/fine-structure levels of CN(A(2)Pi, v = 3) in collisions with the molecular partners CO(2) and CH(4). Total removal rate constants for several rotational/fine-structure levels were measured for both collision partners. State-to-state relative rate constants were determined for several initial levels. These show a strikingly strong collisional propensity to conserve the fine-structure/Lambda-doublet label, akin to our previous observations with the N(2) collision partner. The possible origin of this propensity is discussed.
Snapping Up Euro Bargains with Trapped Cash

American corporations now hold well over $1.7 trillion in cash-a record-breaking level. But much of it is held overseas to avoid higher U.S. taxes and is called “trapped cash.” Is it time to use some of that cash to snap up what are now bargain-priced Euro companies? Maybe it's time to “liberate” your trapped cash! © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Program of the 59th Statistical Mechanics Meeting

Here are the titles of the talks presented at the May 1988 Statistical Mechanics Meeting. As usual these titles are informal and, in many cases, there is only one speaker listed, although the work may have been done with collaborators. Also, the addresses are incomplete. Anyone who is interested in communicating with a speaker and requires a more complete address may obtain it by writing to me. The 61st meeting is scheduled for May 11 and 12. In addition to the talks, the program for these meetings also has a "positions wanted" and "positions available" section. If you are interested in receiving the full program of these meetings, please send me a self-addressed envelope. Please note also the program of the Monte Carlo Workshop at Courant Institute, which has become a regular semiannual event.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of the 2-Chloroprocaine Metabolite, Diethylaminoethanol, in Blood and Serum

Abstract Background and Objectives . 2-Chloroprocaine is rapidly metabolized in the blood to yield 2-chloro-para-aminobenzoic acid (an inactive metabolite) and diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). DEAE possesses local anesthetic activity. The only reported assay for DEAE is a colorimetric method. Methods . Clinical samples of whole blood and serum were obtained from patients receiving stepped intravenous infusions of 3% 2-chloroprocaine. A high pH-dependent liquid-liquid extraction step with diethyl ether was used to eliminate interfering peaks in high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Separation and quantitation were performed using HPLC on a polymeric-reversed phase column with a mobile phase consisting of 10% or 20% acetonitrile (for whole blood or serum analysis, respectively) in 50 mm aqueous sodium phosphate buffer, pH = 11.50. The elution order of DEAE and its analogues was tested to interpret the HPLC separation mechanism. Results . Extraction recovery of DEAE from whole blood was 67 ± 13.5%, from serum, 71 ± 12.2%, and from water, 75 ± 2.9%. The high pH value of the mobile phase resulted in sharp, well-resolved peaks with run times of approximately 8 minutes using 20% acetonitrile. The lower limit of detection was 5 ng/mL of DEAE from a 1-mL sample. The elution order of DEAE and its analogues indicated that separation was based on the hydrophobicity of the analytes rather than polar group interactions occurring with silica-based stationary phase. Conclusions . A new, simple and rapid HPLC method for extraction and measurement of DEAE in whole blood or serum samples is reported here.
Eigenvector and logarithmic least squares

Abstract The eigenvector method deals with two questions simultaneously, closeness and order. Together, they belong to the field topology of order. The metric idea of closeness is inadequate to judge what is a good approximation to data involving order relations. There is usually a condition which relates order in the derived scale to order in the data. This is precisely the kind of condition captured by the eigenvector, but not by the logarithmic least squares estimate.
Enzymes of the antioxidant defense system in chronic schizophrenic patients

Potentially toxic levels of oxyradicals (superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) are formed in vivo during many metabolic reactions, including oxidation of catecholamines (reviewed in Halliwell and Gutteridge 1984; 1989). In cell membranes, hydroxyl radical:~ can initiate lipid peroxidation resulting in altered membrane structure and function. Under physiological conditions, cells are protected against oxyradical-mediated damage primarily by the cooperative and sequential actions of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SODL glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and catalase (CAT), which are critical components of the antioxidant defence system (AODS). There has been limited investigation of oxyradical metabolism in schizophrenia. Most investigators (Michelson et M 1977; Golse et a! 1978; Abdalla et al 1986), bat no;. all (Stnet et al 1983), have reported increased red blood cell (RBC) SOD activity m schizo-
Homeostatic Control of the Crypt-Villus Axis by the Bacterial Enterotoxin Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase C Restricts the Proliferating Compartment in Intestine

Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), the receptor for diarrheagenic enterotoxins and the paracrine ligands guanylin and uroguanylin, regulates intestinal secretion. Beyond volume homeostasis, its importance in modulating cancer cell proliferation and its uniform dysregulation early in colon carcinogenesis, reflecting loss of ligand expression, suggests a role for GC-C in organizing the crypt-villus axis. Here, eliminating GC-C expression in mice increased crypt length along a decreasing rostral-caudal gradient by disrupting component homeostatic processes. Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet cells, but not enteroendocrine cells. GC-C signaling regulated proliferation by restricting the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. Moreover, crypt expansion in GC-C−/− mice was associated with adaptive increases in cell migration and apoptosis. Reciprocal alterations in proliferation and differentiation resulting in expansion associated with adaptive responses in migration and apoptosis suggest that GC-C coordinates component processes maintaining homeostasis of the crypt progenitor compartment. In the context of uniform loss of GC-C signaling during tumorigenesis, dysregulation of those homeostatic processes may contribute to mechanisms underlying colon cancer.
Pyrite recovery mechanisms in coal flotation

Abstract In most operating coal-cleaning plants, a significant amount of pyrite is recovered in the froth during flotation of high-sulfur coal. This pyrite recovery is commonly believed to be a result of pyrite particles floating due to hydrophobicity. However, even though a wide range of pyrite depressants have been reported over the years, there is no use of these depressants for industrial coal flotation, which suggests that the mechanism of pyrite flotation is not properly understood. In order to reduce the pyrite recovery during flotation, it is first necessary to identify the primary recovery mechanism, so that the appropriate method for correcting the problem can be selected. In this paper, it is shown that flotation of liberated pyrite due to its intrinsic hydrophobicity is not an important mechanism for recovery of pyrite from freshly ground coal, and that the bulk of the floated pyrite reaches the froth either as a result of simple entrainment or by mechanical locking with floatable coal particles. The experiments were carried out using both a conventional flotation cell, and a horizontally baffled flotation column.
In vivo nicotine treatment regulates mesocorticolimbic CREB and ERK signaling in C57Bl/6J mice

The extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was studied to determine its role in neuronal plasticity related to the development of nicotine dependence. Levels and phosphorylation state of ERK, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and proline-rich/Ca2+-activated tyrosine kinase (PYK2), and levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), were determined using western blotting. C57Bl/6J mice received acute or chronic nicotine (200 µg/mL) in their drinking water or were withdrawn from nicotine for 24 h following chronic exposure. CREB phosphorylation was reduced in the nucleus accumbens following chronic nicotine, consistent with previous reports that decreased accumbens CREB activity increases drug reinforcement. In contrast, CREB phosphorylation was increased in the prefrontal cortex following chronic nicotine exposure and in the ventral tegmental area during nicotine withdrawal. In addition, total and phosphorylated ERK decreased in the amygdala following chronic nicotine exposure, but ERK phosphorylation increased in the prefrontal cortex. TH levels increased in both the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, supporting the hypothesis that increased catecholaminergic tone contributes to nicotine reinforcement. Overall, these results support a role for ERK and CREB activity in neural plasticity associated with nicotine dependence.
99mTc‐METHOXY‐ISOBUTYL‐ISONITRILE (SESTAMIBI) IMAGING OF MALIGNANT CANINE LYMPHOMA

Technetium-99m methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestamibi) imaging of malignant canine lymphoma was performed in thirteen dogs 1 hour after intravenous injection of 99mTc-sestamibi at 13 MBq (0.35 mCi) per kilogram body weight. Abnormal tracer uptake was visualized in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and mesenteric, inguinal, popliteal, sternal, cranial cervical and mandibular lymph nodes. Radiopharmaceutical uptake was also noted in a nasal mass. One large neoplastic renal mass did not have demonstrable sestamibi uptake. Other regions had no significant difference in the target:background ratios when compared with values from normal dogs (P > 0.05). 99mTc-sestamibi can be used to image malignant lymphoma, and has potential applications in the management of patients to document response to treatment and to stage of extent of disease.
Solution structure of P22 transcriptional antitermination N peptide-boxB RNA complex.

We have determined the solution structure of a 15-mer boxB RNA hairpin complexed with a 20-mer basic peptide of the N protein involved in bacteriophage P22 transcriptional antitermination. Complex formation involves adaptive binding with the N peptide adopting a bent α-helical conformation that packs tightly through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions against the major groove face of the boxB RNA hairpin, orienting the open opposite face for potential interactions with host factors and/or RNA polymerase. Four nucleotides in the boxB RNA hairpin pentaloop form a stable GNRA like tetraloop structural scaffold on complex formation, allowing the looped out fifth nucleotide to make extensive hydrophobic contacts with the bound peptide. The guanidinium group of a key arginine is hydrogen-bonded to the guanine in a loop-closing sheared G·A mismatch and to adjacent backbone phosphates. The identified intermolecular contacts account for the consequences of N peptide and boxB RNA mutations on bacteriophage transcriptional antitermination.
Deleting islet autoimmunity

Even though there are numerous autoantigens for type 1 diabetes, current evidence suggests that a single autoantigen, namely insulin, is responsible for the key initiating event in autoimmunity. If a single autoantigen is necessary for triggering the autoimmune process, then antigen-specific therapy to block or delete the immune response against that autoantigen before epitope spreading occurs, may become a larger focus of future immunotherapeutic strategies. In this article, we review current literature regarding insulin as an autoantigen and potential approaches to deleting insulin-reactive T cells through the use of peptide vaccines and targeted T cell receptor immunizations.
Heavy metals in relation to the biology of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus

Heavy metal levels of cadmium, copper, mercury, manganese, and zinc were examined in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroditus from industrialized and non-industrialized environments. With one exception, the environment with the highest trace metal in its waters, had the fishes with the highest metal concentration. Except for mercury, the concentration factor varied inversely with the metal concentrations of the fish and water, suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism for metals in the tissues of mummichogs from environments with high metal concentrations. There was an inverse relationship between standard length and concentrations of zinc, manganese, copper and cadmium in whole male and female fishes. The viscera contained significantly greater concentrations of these metals than somatic muscle tissue. There were also significant differences between males and females with respect to whole-body zinc and copper concentrations, but no sex differences for manganese and cadmium.
ABSORPTION OF GASES IN GROWING DROPLETS

Abstract The situation where a stationary droplet in a supersaturated medium is growing by condensation of a vapor and simultaneously absorbing a gas is theoretically analyzed to study the effect of growth on absorption rate. The absorption rate is assumed to be liquid phase diffusion controlled, and the unsteady state liquid phase diffusion equation with moving boundary has been solved by a similarity technique. The results indicate that for fast droplet growth rates, induced by relatively high degrees of supersaturation, the absorption rate is significantly enhanced, leading to higher solute concentration near the surface than that observed for a similar droplet of finite size. For slow growth rates, the results are not significantly different from the quasi-stationary results.
SIMILARITY PLUS DISSIMILARITY OF PERSONALITY: BASIS FOR FRIENDSHIP?

There have been many studies of the process of forming friendships. Many of the early researches were stimulated by the formulation offered by psychoanalytic theory, i.e., "the strong narcissistic tendency . . . leads the individual to love in another person that which he sees in himself. That which is most like one's self is loved" (Reader 8: English, 1947, p. 216). This statement reformulated for specific researches has generally been stated as, "Individuals will see themselves as being more similar, personality-wise, to their friends than to non-friends." The general method used to test this hypothesis has been to compare an individual's test responses with his friend's and non-friend's test responses. For example, Reader and English (1947) administered five personality tests to 32 pairs of friends and non-friends and correlated the responses. They found a significantly higher correlation between the friends' responses than between the non-friends' responses. As these studies accumulated, however, it soon became apparent that the original formulation of narcissistic involvement was not adequate to account for all the findings. Many studies reported that friends often perceive each other as having opposite characteristics to those which they themselves possess. In the Reader and English study (1947) mentioned above, it was found that even the most superior Ss spoke of characteristics in the friend which they envied or admired and felt that they themselves lacked. Richardson (1939), in a review of the studies on formacion of friendships, found that both similarity and dissimilarity are important as sources of attraction. In the Richardson review similarity in intelligence was found to be the most consistent factor associated with attraction, while similarity in temperament was less consistently associated with attraction. Bonney ( 1952) supported this view. In a recent article, Hoffman (1958) presented further data to substantiate the conclusion that similarity of personality is not a sufficient condition for interpersonal attraction. The findings of these latter studies raised the dual question of the role of similariry and dissimilarity of characteristics in the formation of friendships and the manner in which these factors operate. The formulation of narcissistic involvement partially accounts for the selection of persons with similar characteristics as friends. However, the friend must provide some satisfaction
A NEW SPINICAUDATAN GENUS (CRUSTACEA: 'CONCHOSTRACA') FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR

A new spinicaudatan genus and species, Ethmos- estheria mahajangaensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Anembalemba Member (Upper Cretaceous, Maastrich- tian) of the Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, Mad- agascar. This is the first spinicaudatan reported from the post-Triassic Mesozoic of Madagascar. The new species is assigned to the family Antronestheriidae based on the cav- ernous or sievelike ornamentation on the carapace. Of well- documented Mesozoic spinicaudatan genera, Ethmosestheria mahajangaensis is most closely related to Antronestheria Chen and Hudson from the Great Estuarine Group (Juras- sic) of Scotland. However, relatively poor documentation of the ornamentation of most Gondwanan Mesozoic spinicau- datan species precludes detailed comparison among taxa. Ethmosestheria mahajangaensis exhibits ontogenetic trends in carapace growth: a change in carapace outline from sub- circular ⁄ subelliptical to elliptical, and from very wide juve- nile growth bands to narrow adult growth bands. Ornamentation style, however, does not vary with ontog- eny. Ethmosestheria mahajangaensis individuals lived in tem- porary pools in a broad channel-belt system within a semiarid environment; preserved desiccation structures on carapaces indicate seasonal drying out of pools within the river system. Specimens of Ethmosestheria mahajangaensis are preserved with exquisite detail in debris flow deposits; these are the first spinicaudatans reported from debris flow deposits. These deposits also contain a varied vertebrate fauna, including dinosaurs, crocodyliforms, turtles, and frogs. Rapid entombment of the spinicaudatan carapaces likely promoted early fossil diagenesis leading to highly detailed preservation.