cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detecting adverse events in dermatologic surgery.

BACKGROUND Despite increasing awareness of and public attention to patient safety, little is documented about how adverse events (AEs) can or should be monitored in dermatologic surgery. Data to address this shortcoming are needed, although well-defined methodologies have yet to be implemented. OBJECTIVE To summarize current strategies in detecting adverse outcomes of dermatologic surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Medline literature search was conducted using the terms “adverse event,”“detection,”“reporting,”“monitoring,” and “surgery.” Articles selected addressed the efficacy of one or more AE reporting techniques in surgical patients. RESULTS Prospective and retrospective reporting methods were identified, with morbidity and mortality conference being the most commonly used method of AE reporting. Retrospective medical record review, the retrospective trigger tool approach, and an anonymous electronic reporting system were more sensitive approaches. The Surgical Quality Improvement Program, a program that has successfully translated AE data into lower postoperative morbidity and mortality, was analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Although generally considered safe, dermatologic surgery has no current standard for AE reporting. Standard definitions and high-quality data regarding AEs” currently limit this analysis. Pilot studies are needed to develop feasible measures, with the goal of increasing the sensitivity of AE detection and ultimately improving patient outcomes. The Center for Dermatology Research is supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Galderma Laboratories.
Hard X-ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

The detection of photons above 10 keV up to gigaelectronvolt energies is challenging due to the penetrating nature of the radiation, which can require large detector volumes, resulting in correspondingly high background. In this energy range, most detectors in space are either scintillators or solid-state detectors. The choice of detector technology depends on the energy range of interest, expected levels of signal and background, required energy and spatial resolution, particle environment on orbit, and other factors. This section covers the materials and configurations commonly used from 10 keV to > 1 GeV.
Reduce FFT memory reference for low power applications

Memory reference is one of the major courses of power consumption incurred in a microprocessor. In this paper, we propose two matrix transformation techniques to reduce the number of memory references in the FFT computation. With the first transformation, all the butterflies sharing the same twiddle factor will be clustered and computed together to eliminate redundant memory access to load twiddle factors. With the second transformation, all remaining (N − 1) butterflies involving the twiddle factor W N 0 are computed using a register-based breadth-first tree traversal algorithm so that load/store operations of intermediate data arrays are minimized. The proposed two transformations together have led to a novel twiddle-factor-based FFT algorithm. The test results on the TI TMS320C62x digital signal processor show that, for a 32-point FFT, the new algorithm exhibits as much as 20% reduction in clock cycles and an average of 30% reduction in memory access than that of the conventional DIF FFT.
Biomass Production, Nutritional and Mineral Content of Desiccation‐Sensitive and Desiccation‐Tolerant Species of Sporobolus under Multiple Irrigation Regimes

The development of low-water-input forages would be useful for improving the water-use efficiency of livestock production in semi-arid and arid regions. The desiccation-tolerant (DT) species Sporobolus stapfianus Gandoger and two desiccation-sensitive (DS) species, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Sporobolus fimbriatus (Trin.) Nees. (Poaceae), were evaluated for aerial biomass production and seed productivity under three different irrigation regimes. Sporobolus stapfianus displayed the least biomass production, whereas S. pyramidalis and S. fimbriatus produced up to 3.8and 11.2-fold greater dry biomass, respectively, at the highest irrigation rate of 12 334 l (0.01 acre-feet). Sporobolus fimbriatus and to a lesser extent S. pyramidalis showed significant increases in biomass production in response to increased irrigation rates, whereas S. stapfianus did not. Sporobolus pyramidalis and S. fimbriatus exhibited 3.2and 6.0-fold greater seed production, respectively, in response to increased irrigation rates, whereas S. stapfianus showed only a 1.4-fold increase. All Sporobolus species possessed forage quality traits (e.g. crude protein, fibre content) comparable to those of timothy, a forage grass grown widely in the Great Basin in the western United States. Micronutrient content exceeded the minimum requirements of beef cattle, without surpassing tolerable limits, with the exception of zinc, which appeared low in all three Sporobolus species. The low water requirements displayed by these species, combined with their acceptable forage qualities, indicate that these grasses have the potential to serve farmers and ranchers in semi-arid and arid regions of the western United States where irrigation resources are limited.
Rejoinder: Evaluating Standard Setting Methods Using Error Models Proposed by Schulz.

Schulz (2006)provides a different perspective on standard setting than that provided in Reckase (2006). He also suggests a modification to the bookmark procedure and some alternative models for errors in panelists' judgments than those provided by Reckase. This article provides a response to some of the points made by Schulz and reports some additional analyses of the bookmark and modified Angoff method using the suggestions made by Schulz. The results support considering a range of items when placing a bookmark using that method and they show that the regression of panelists' probability of correct response estimates toward .5 can have serious effects on the recovery of intended cut scores. The complexity of the standard setting processes, and the need for detailed descriptions of standard setting processes are also discussed.
Experimental Haemophilus somnus pneumonia in calves and immunoperoxidase localization of bacteria.

Pneumonia was produced in nine, conventionally reared calves by intrabronchial inoculation with Huemophifus somnus. Volumes of pneumonic lung were determined stereologically, following serial slicing of lungs fixed by vascular perfusion. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, consistent findings were: neutrophilic to fibrinoid vasculitis, degeneration of alveolar macrophages, necrotizing bronchiolitis, suppurative broncho- pneumonia, lobular necrosis, and dilation and thrombosis of lymphatics. Bacteria were identified histologically by an immunoperoxidase technique and were either free in alveoli or associated with degenerate alveolar macrophages. The latter suggests that macrophage degeneration may be a result of bacteridmacrophage inter- action. Immune complex deposition is unlikely to be the principal mechanism for the vasculitis because bacterial antigen was not generally found in necrotic vessel walls, and two colostrum-deprived, H. somnus antibody- negative calves also had neutrophilic vasculitis 12 to 24 hours after inoculation with the lowest dose of H. sornnus used in the above experiment. Haernophilus sornnus is an important cause of bo- vine pneum~nia'-~.'','~,'~.~~ and is associated with a wide variety of other diseases in cattle, including throm- boembolic meningoencephaliti~,'~,~',~~,~~, ~~ abor- ti~n,~J~J~ infertility,'6J8 and arthriti~.'~ Naturally oc- curring H. sornnus pneumonia is characterized grossly by grey to red consolidation of the cranioventral lung, involving from 5 to 80% of total lung volume.L Tra- cheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes are typ- ically edematous, with fibrinous pleuritis seen irregu- larly.',2 Histologically, there is neutrophilic, necrotizing bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia with fibrinocel- lular thrombosis of septa1 lymphatics and multifocal hemorrhage.',2 The relatively few reported detailed studies of ex- perimental have concentrated on sub- acute to chronic phases of the disease, with mean times of death post-inoculation of 6.87 or 5.523 days and ranges of 1.5 to 147 and 0.3 to 15 days,Z3 and have used relatively large numbers of bacteria (1 08-1 O9 colony forming units (CFU)). In this study we experimentally produced acute H. sornnus pneumonia (at 12-24 hours) with smaller doses of H. sornnus (106-108 CFU), as well as measuring and grading lesions. These studies were done to examine early events in the pathogenesis of H. sornnus pneumonia and to provide a basis for future studies on prophylaxis. In addition, an immu- noperoxidase technique was developed to localize bac- teria in lesions, to characterize further the pathogenesis of acute H. sornnus pneumonia, and to determine the potential of this method in diagnosis.
Public Support for Correctional Treatment The Tenacity of Rehabilitative Ideology

For the past decade or so, scholars have joined with politicians in suggesting that citizens manifest little support for correctional treatment. Based on a 1986 survey of Cincinnati and Columbus residents, we present data that question this broad assumption. The data indicate that rehabilitation receives considerable support, though this is most pronounced for certain offenders and for certain treatment modalities. In general, the study reinforces the finding of a growing body of revisionist research that the public retains faith in rehabilitation as a legitimate goal of the correctional process.
Neonatal cytokines and chemokines and risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study: A case-control study

Background: Biologic markers of infection and inflammation have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) but prior studies have largely relied on specimens taken after clinical diagnosis. Research on potential biologic markers early in neurodevelopment is required to evaluate possible causal pathways and screening profiles. Objective: To investigate levels of cytokines and chemokines in newborn blood specimens as possible early biologic markers for autism. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study nested within the cohort of infants born from July 2000 to September 2001 to women who participated in the prenatal screening program in Orange County, California, USA. The study population included children ascertained from the California Department of Developmental Services with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, n=84), or developmental delay but not ASD (DD, n=49), and general population controls randomly sampled from the birth certificate files and frequency matched to ASD cases on sex, birth month and birth year (GP, n=159). Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were measured in archived neonatal blood specimens collected for routine newborn screening. Results: Cytokines were not detected in the vast majority of newborn samples regardless of case or control status. However, the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was elevated and the chemokine Regulated upon Activation Normal T-Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) was decreased in ASD cases compared to GP controls. The chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1α) and RANTES were decreased in children with DD compared to GP controls. Conclusion: Measurement of immune system function in the first few days of life may aid in the early identification of abnormal neurodevelopment and shed light on the biologic mechanisms underlying normal neurodevelopment.
Laser-induced damage: an introduction.

Knowledge of laser-induced damage in optical materials cannot advance until definitions, testing procedures, and analytical methods are standardized. Eight laboratories in Europe and the U.S.A. participated in laser-induced damage testing; the papers in the 1 Nov. 1984 issue of Applied Optics discuss their findings.
Semantic content and pragmatic convention: Emergence through individual advantage in spatialized environments

This paper reviews and extends earlier work on the emergence of semantics in spatialized environments of wandering food sources and predators. Communication of any sophistication demands a semantic base, but also relies on conventions of information transfer, of truthfulness, and of relevance. These are pragmatic conventions, formulated in the linguistics literature in terms of H. P. Grice's maxims of quality, quantity, and relation. Simulations offered here show that conditions sufficient for the emergence of simple semantics are also sufficient for the emergence of simple pragmatics. Pragmatic conventions of precisely the type Grice outlines emerge naturally within spatialized networks of individually information-maximizing agents in an environment of locally significant events.
Multiplexed actuation using ultra dielectrophoresis for proteomics applications: a comprehensive electrical and electrothermal design methodology

In this work, we present a methodological approach to analyze an enhanced dielectrophoresis (DEP) system from both a circuit analysis and electrothermal view points. In our developed model, we have taken into account various phenomena and constraints such as voltage degradation (due to the presence of the protecting oxide layer), oxide breakdown, instrumentation limitations, and thermal effects. The results from this analysis are applicable generally to a wide variety of geometries and high voltage microsystems. Here, these design guidelines were applied to develop a robust electronic actuation system to perform a multiplexed bead-based protein assay. To carry out the multiplexed functionality, along a single microfluidic channel, an array of proteins is patterned, where each element is targeting a specific secondary protein coated on micron-sized beads in the subsequently introduced sample solution. Below each element of the array, we have a pair of addressable interdigitated electrodes. By selectively applying voltage at the terminals of each interdigitated electrode pair, the enhanced DEP, or equivalently ‘ultra’-DEP (uDEP) force detaches protein-bound beads from each element of the array, one by one, without disturbing the bound beads in the neighboring regions. The detached beads can be quantified optically or electrically downstream. For proof of concept, we illustrated 16-plex actuation capability of our device to elute micron-sized beads that are bound to the surface through anti-IgG and IgG interaction which is on the same order of magnitude in strength as typical antibody–antigen interactions. In addition to its application in multiplexed protein analysis, our platform can be potentially utilized to statistically characterize the strength profile of biological bonds, since the multiplexed format allows for high throughput force spectroscopy using the array of uDEP devices, under the same buffer and assay preparation conditions.
Design of planar slider-rocker mechanisms for imposed limit positions, with transmission angle and uniform motion controls

Abstract One possible way of converting the displacement of a linear motor into oscillatory motion of an output member is through the use of the planar slider-rocker mechanisms or PRRR in short. In this paper, the optimum synthesis of the PRRR mechanism for prescribed limit positions and best transmission angle characteristics (with and without ensuring uniform input–output motion) is considered. Systematic investigations of the design space in the respective optimization problems reveal some remarkable properties of this mechanism with potential new applications. To assist practicing engineers with selecting the link lengths of a PRRR mechanism, performance charts and parametric design charts are also provided.
The Maximum Principle and Some of its Applications

In this chapter we shall state the maximum principle and shall use it to characterize the optimal controls in several important classes of problems. The proof of the maximum principle will be given in the next chapter.
Ecdysteroids in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae), during different periods of tick development.

Ecdysteroids occur in all life stages of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis . 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-OH ecdysone) and 2 other radioimmunoassay (RIA) positive fractions were found in engorged nymphs and adult ticks. 20-OH ecdysone and at least 1 RIA-positive fraction were found in the embryos and engorged larvae. No 20-OH ecdysone was found in the unfed larvae or unfed nymphs. Increases in total ecdysteroid content per tick occurred during ecdysial periods, adult feeding, and especially during female repletion and oviposition. In contrast, the total concentration declined gradually in fasting adults. In most cases, changes in the concentration of 20-OH ecdysone resembled the changes in total ecdysteroid content. With 1 exception, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gave substantially higher estimates of total ecdysteroid content in the various tick life stages or physiological states than did RIA. No relationship between the changes in the concentrations of ecdysteroids and sex pheromone (2,6-dichlorophenol) were observed. However, the foveal (pheromone) glands appeared to respond to exogenous 20-OH ecdysone; ultrastructural changes characteristic of actively secreting glands were found in unfed females following exposure to this hormone.
Birth Order, Religiosity, College Major, and Attitudes toward Women in the Work Force

The relationship between birth order, religiosity, college major, and attitudes toward women in the work force was studied using a questionnaire which reflected birth order, college major, number o...
Antigens of Bordetella pertussis. III. The protective antigen.

SummaryA method of preparing extracts from Bordetella pertussis with high protective and histamine sensitizing activity is described. From these extracts, starch block electrophoresis yielded active purified fractions which not only protected mice against intracerebral challenge with living B. pertussis cells but also sensitized mice to histamine. From electrophoretic properties and agar diffusion studies, it is tentatively concluded that the mouse protective antigen from B. pertussis is similar, and perhaps identical to the histamine sensitizing substance. The purified preparations were shown to contain mainly one antigenic component. The starting material contained at least 12 antigenic substances, as demonstrated by gel diffusion.
Evaluation of necrotizing pancreatitis in the opossum by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography: correlation between radiographic and morphologic changes.

BACKGROUND The ability to quantitate the extent of acinar cell necrosis with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) during acute pancreatitis is uncertain. STUDY DESIGN Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in opossums by obstructing their biliopancreatic duct for up to seven days or by retrograde injection of a bile-trypsin taurocholate mixture into the opossum pancreatic duct. At selected times, groups of three animals each were examined by dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, and the abnormalities on the images were quantitated. Immediately following CT, the animals were sacrificed and the extent of necrosis was quantitated by morphometric analysis of tissue samples at the light microscope level. RESULTS The CT severity score as well as the degree of nonenhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT were both closely correlated with the extent of acinar cell necrosis (r = 0.91 and r = 0.97, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The degree of pancreatic nonenhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT can be used to quantitate the extent of pancreatic necrosis during acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
A Qualitative Study to Understand Nativity Differences in Breastfeeding Behaviors Among Middle-Class African American and African-Born Women

Objective To explore nativity differences and the role of attitudes, social norms, and behavioral control perceptions surrounding breastfeeding initiation and duration among middle-class African-American (AA) and African-born (AB) mothers in the US. Methods Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 20 middle-class AA and AB mothers in central Ohio from December 2012 to February 2013. Interview questions were developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Interviews were analyzed for salient themes by TPB constructs. Differences in themes were examined by nativity status. Results All study participants had initiated breastfeeding or bottle-feeding with expressed breast milk, noting the benefits it conferred as well as the persuasive encouragement they received from others. Persistent encouragement was often cited as a factor for sustaining breastfeeding. More AA mothers had discontinued breastfeeding by the time of the interview, which was often attributed to health, lactation, and work challenges. Inconsistent support from health providers, dissuasive remarks from others, ambivalent breastfeeding attitudes, and diminished family support led some mothers to begin formula supplementation. Analysis of maternal narratives revealed nativity differences across sources of encouragement. Specifically, important sources of encouragement were health providers for AA mothers and family, friends, partners and culture for AB mothers. Only AB mothers expressed concerns about difficulty they encountered with breastfeeding due to the lack of proximal family support. Conclusions Findings reveal that both groups of mothers may be susceptible to unsupportive breastfeeding norms in the US and also highlight the need for intervention in health care settings and workplaces to improve AA women's breastfeeding rates.
Design of Sun-Safe Controllers for Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer

This paper presents the development of sun-safe controllers, which are designed to keep the spacecraft power positive and thermally balanced in the event an anomaly is detected. Employed by NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer, the controllers use the measured sun vector and the spacecraft body rates for feedback control. To improve the accuracy of sun vector estimation, the least-square minimization approach is applied to process the sensor data. A rotation with respect to the sun vector, which is proven to be effective in mitigating the momentum buildup due to the lunar gravity gradient, hence significantly extending the sun-safe duration, is commanded. To validate the controllers, the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer spacecraft model engaging the sun-safe mode is first simulated and then compared with the actual Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer orbital flight data. The results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed sun-safe controllers.
Economic Control and Consent in Wartime Japan

In mobilizing their economies for empire and war, interwar fascist dictatorships required not only the heavy hand of the state, but also the consent and cooperation of the masses. In order to achieve their ambitious production targets, these dictatorships called upon their citizens to produce more and consume less, place national interests over private interests, and join together to build an ethnic national community and regional empire. Fascist dictatorships promoted visions of a classless, functionalist society and corporatist ideals such as labor–management harmony and the dignity of the worker. In contrast to socialist dictatorships, which fundamentally transformed the relations of production, fascist dictatorships neither changed the underlying class structure nor granted workers greater political representation. By what means, then, did they seek to motivate producers and consumers?
Supply Disruptions and Procurement Contracting

We discuss challenges that arise in practice of procurement contracting from supply disruptions and suggest how the theory should be adjusted to address these challenges. The challenges range from the loss of contract power when unexpected shocks occur to the need for contracts to govern joint risk management efforts of buyers and sellers. We highlight which traditional contracting modeling assumptions need to be reexamined and how our intuition based on the classical results might change. We point out a new direction of impactful research—coordination of supply risk management efforts among firms.
In vitro effects of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit on the sequestration of ϵ-aminocaproic acid

Objective To assess the in vitro effects of drug sequestration in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on ϵ-aminocaproic acid (EACA) concentrations. Methods and design This in vitro study will determine changes in EACA concentration over time in ECMO circuits. A pediatric dose of 2,500 mg was administered to whole expired blood in the simulated pediatric ECMO circuit. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 360 and 1440-minute intervals after initial administration equilibration from three different sites of the circuit: pre-oxygenator (PRE), post-oxygenator (POST) and PVC tubing (PVC) to determine the predominant site of drug loss. The circuit was maintained for two consecutive days with a re-dose at 24 hours to establish a comparison between unsaturated (New) and saturated (Old) oxygenator membranes. Comparisons between sample sites, sample times and New versus Old membranes were statistically analyzed by a linear mixed-effects model with significance defined as a p-value Results There were no significant differences in EACA concentration with respect to sample site, with PRE and POST samples demonstrating respective mean differences of 0.30 mg/ml and 0.34 mg/ml as compared to PVC, resulting in non-significant p-values of 0.373 [95% CI (-0.37, 0.98)] and 0.324 [95% CI (-0.34, 1.01)], respectively. The comparison of New vs. Old ECMO circuits resulted in non-significant changes from baseline, with a mean difference of 0.50 mg/ml, 95% CI (-0.65, 1.65), p=0.315. Conclusion The findings of this study did not show any significant changes in drug concentration that can be attributed to sequestration within the ECMO circuit. Mean concentrations between ECMO circuit sample sites did not differ significantly. Comparison between New and Old circuits also did not differ significantly in the change from baseline concentration over time. Sequestration within ECMO circuits appears not to be a considerable factor for EACA administration.
An Intact Spleen Is Required for Alloimmunization to Transfused Red Blood Cells Due to Intrasplenic Activation of CD4+ T Cells.

Background: Factors influencing rates of alloimmunization to antigens on transfused red blood cells (RBC alloimmunization) are poorly defined. In particular, the role of the spleen with respect to alloantibody formation is unclear, with conflicting clinical reports in the literature. Moreover, the complexities of multiply mismatched antigens and antigen priming due to transfusions prior to splenectomy make human studies difficult to interpret. To better define the role of the spleen in RBC alloimmunization, we utilized a murine model of transfusion medicine (with the model RBC antigen mHEL (membrane bound hen egg lysozyme)). Methods: Cohorts of splenectomized and non-splenectomized mice (C57BL/6 × B10.BR) were transfused with the human dose equivalent of 1 unit of leukoreduced mHEL RBCs. RBC alloimmunization was assessed by anti-HEL IgG specific ELISA. The role of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells was studied by the adoptive transfer of 1.5 × 106 HEL-specific CFSE-labeled CD4+ T cells from 3A9 TCR transgenic donors. Adoptively transferred cells were visualized using a congenic marker (Thy1.1); enumeration and division of these cells were monitored by flow cytometry in liver, spleen (if applicable), and lymph node preparations. Results: Splenectomy dramatically decreased RBC alloimmunization; 14 of 14 splenectomized mice (from 3 experiments) had undetectable to very low levels of anti-HEL IgG following transfusion with mHEL RBCs (average 6.3 fold less than non-splenectomized mice, 95% C.I. 4.6). Moreover, ten of ten splenectomized mice failed to make detectable levels of anti-HEL IgG even following the adoptive transfer of HEL-specific CD4+ T cells. In comparison, elevating the precursor frequency of HEL-specific CD4+ T cells increased RBC alloimmunization by 10,000 fold in non-splenectomized mice. Proliferation and division of CD4+ T cells were detectable in both spleen and liver preparations of non-splenectomized mice by day 3 following transfusion; in contrast, no expansion nor division of CD4+ T cells was seen in liver nor lymphatic preparations of splenectomized animals. Conclusions: The low level of RBC alloimmunization seen in non-splenectomized mice in this system is limited by existing CD4+ helper T cell responses, as increasing the naive helper T cell precursor frequency dramatically increased RBC alloimmunization. Furthermore, the spleen itself is critical to CD4+ helper T cell function during alloimmunization given that, in splenectomized mice, adoptively transferred HEL-specific CD4+ T cells fail to expand, divide, or stimulate production of detectable alloantibody. Ongoing studies are investigating the phenotype of HEL-specific CD4+ T cells (as effector cells, anergic cells, or regulatory cells) in splenectomized and non-splenectomized mice. These studies have implications for preventing alloimmunization in transfusion-dependent patient populations.
Five Dimensions of Effective Leadership: A Meta-Analysis of Leadership Attributes & Behaviors

This paper performs a meta-analysis of research on leadership excellence and develops a construct for positive leadership development within an organization. First, the analysis presents two perspectives of positive leadership attributes and behaviors. Second, the open systems and actors operative paradigm is presented within the framework of the paper's analysis of leadership. In addition, the analysis demonstrates why the rational and open systems perspective is an effective tool for the analysis of leadership. Third, a dichotomous framework involving vice and virtue attributes are developed for understanding both positive and negative dark leadership. Fourth, the meta-analysis presents five dimensions of leadership attributes and behaviors. Fifth, a leadership evaluation construct is created that consists of positive leadership attributes and behaviors. Lastly, a methodology is presented for implementing the leadership construct developed in this paper within an organization.
Foliations associated to harmonic maps on some complex two ball quotients

This article is an attempt to understand harmonic and holomorphic maps between two bounded symmetric domains in special situations. We study foliations associated to a lattice-equivariant harmonic map of small rank from a complex ball to another. The result is related to rigidity of some complex two ball quotients. Some open questions are raised as well.
Ground State and Excited State Tuning in Ferric Dipyrrin Complexes Promoted by Ancillary Ligand Exchange

Three ferric dipyrromethene complexes featuring different ancillary ligands were synthesized by one electron oxidation of ferrous precursors. Four-coordinate iron complexes of the type (ArL)FeX2 [ArL = 1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)2-5-mesityldipyrromethene] with X = Cl or tBuO were prepared and found to be high-spin (S = 5/2), as determined by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. The ancillary ligand substitution was found to affect both ground state and excited properties of the ferric complexes examined. While each ferric complex displays reversible reduction and oxidation events, each alkoxide for chloride substitution results in a nearly 600 mV cathodic shift of the FeIII/II couple. The oxidation event remains largely unaffected by the ancillary ligand substitution and is likely dipyrrin-centered. While the alkoxide substituted ferric species largely retain the color of their ferrous precursors, characteristic of dipyrrin-bas...
ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOUR

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor of the brain is a rare embryonal tumor of infancy which has become more widely recognized due to specific immunostaining now more routinely available. These tumors still carry a poor prognosis and no standard therapy is currently available. However, the recent development of aggressive multimodality strategies seems to be associated with improved survival rates. In this chapter, we provide a review of our current knowledge on the demographics and epidemiology, pathology, and molecular characteristics. We review each individual therapeutic modality used (surgery, conventional chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue, intrathecal chemotherapy, and radiation) and the contribution of each to outcome when available. We provide an overview of the most recent therapeutic trials published and discuss the future options in development.
Utilization of electronic tumor board note (ETBN) to improve staging and treatment of cancer patients.

e17687 Background: Tumor boards (TB) have long been utilized to provide a forum for multidisciplinary discussion of cancer patients. Formerly, TB recommendations were conveyed informally to providers. The recent initiation of the ETBN at our academic, teaching hospital provided an opportunity to make a comparison between this modality and traditional informal communication. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 140 consecutive ETBN cases for the 2013 calendar year was carried out and compared with 44 unselected TB cases in the pre-ETBN era. The goal of the study was to evaluate the influence of TB discussion on pre-tumor board stage assignment and treatment plan and on the degree of compliance with TB recommendations. Results: In 2013, only 1 case lacked an ETBN and was excluded from analysis. Of 140 cases analyzed, 127 (91%) were presented prospectively and 13 (9%) after the initiation of treatment. TB discussion led to a change in diagnosis in 2 of 140 cases (1.4%) and a change in tumor stage in 23 o...
Experiments in evolution: the eradication of malaria?

Abstract Experimental modes of attacking malaria via mosquitoes will be described and analysed.
Theoretical Literature Review: Tracing the Life Cycle of a Theory and Its Verified and Falsified Statements:

The Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) has proven to be a source of knowledge providing research in the forms of theory development, literature reviews, educational and descriptive analys...
Biliary Lipids and Gallstone Formation

In its role as an exocrine gland, the liver secretes bile, a solution of detergent-like molecules called bile salts2 and the membrane lipids lecithin (a phospholipid) and unesterified cholesterol (Fig. 1). Other components of bile are the glucuronide and glucose conjugates of bilirubin, the end-products of heme catabolism, and a mixture of proteins of diverse origin. This chapter highlights the biochemical origin and physical-chemical roles of biliary lipids in the formation of bile, and details our present understanding of their malfunction in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones — one of the major diseases of western civilization [1]. In particular, I will discuss present concepts of the physical-chemical and pathophysiological basis of abnormal bile, the evolutionary sequence and stages in the formation of macroscopic stones, and how therapy with specific bile acids may reverse these abnormalities and culminate in the dissolution of stones.
Dynamic rerouting of a fleet of vehicles in agricultural operations through a Dynamic Multiple Depot Vehicle Routing Problem representation

Agricultural field work within even a single field is a dynamic, complex process, and farm managers are often forced to deviate from their initial plans for working a field as work proceeds. Unexpected field conditions or machinery management challenges can require reallocation and rescheduling of the paths that create the in-field route for each vehicle. The goal of this project was to develop a method for applying the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) that enables dynamic recalculation of the routes. To that end, a combination of Dynamic VRP and Multi-Depot VRP was employed to represent the state of field, available vehicles in the fleet working the field, and the current progress of the field work. This dynamic routing method was then tested in simulations of various common scenarios that would often require rerouting of vehicles. The results revealed the impact of the new routes is dependent on the specifics of the event that necessitated the rerouting. When a vehicle was added to the fleet working the field, the updating procedure was able to use that vehicle to reduce completion times. When vehicles operate at unexpectedly fast or slow rates, recalculating the routes can improve field work parameters, but only if the change in work rates caused a significant deviation in field work progress. The procedure handled increases in the area coverage with most field work parameters varying only slightly from initial levels. This work illustrated the possibility to update field routes for a fleet of vehicles during field operations.
Hydraulic Conductivity Calibration of Logging NMR in a Granite Aquifer, Laramie Range, Wyoming

In granite aquifers, fractures can provide both storage volume and conduits for groundwater. Characterization of fracture hydraulic conductivity (K) in such aquifers is important for predicting flow rate and calibrating models. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well logging is a method to quickly obtain near-borehole hydraulic conductivity (i.e., KNMR ) at high-vertical resolution. On the other hand, FLUTe flexible liner technology can produce a K profile at comparable resolution but requires a fluid driving force between borehole and formation. For three boreholes completed in a fractured granite, we jointly interpreted logging NMR data and FLUTe K estimates to calibrate an empirical equation for translating borehole NMR data to K estimates. For over 90% of the depth intervals investigated from these boreholes, the estimated KNMR are within one order of magnitude of KFLUTe . The empirical parameters obtained from calibrating the NMR data suggest that "intermediate diffusion" and/or "slow diffusion" during the NMR relaxation time may occur in the flowing fractures when hydraulic aperture are sufficiently large. For each borehole, "intermediate diffusion" dominates the relaxation time, therefore assuming "fast diffusion" in the interpretation of NMR data from fractured rock may lead to inaccurate KNMR estimates. We also compare calibrations using inexpensive slug tests that suggest reliable KNMR estimates for fractured rock may be achieved using limited calibration against borehole hydraulic measurements.
A multi-objective optimisation methodology towards product design for sustainability

Design for sustainability (DFS) brings broader disciplines into the design decision making process. Numerous DFS approaches can be separately used to evaluate a product design's performance in a particular domain. However, taking consideration of all sustainability related domains together into the early design stages impose large amounts of design variables and constraints onto the design problem and possibly make the problem infeasible to solve. In this paper, we propose an object-oriented multi-objective optimisation methodology to help designers to determine an optimal combination of design parameters (DP), based on a set of predefined design variables, sustainability related constraints and objective functions, to achieve the functional requirements (FR). By encapsulating design variables into few global objects, the searching space for the optimisation model is reduced. A case study has been presented to illustrate and to validate the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Outcomes of Elderly Patients Undergoing Curative Resection for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: Analysis From the US Sarcoma Collaborative.

Abstract Background The postoperative outcomes of elderly patients undergoing resection of retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) have not been widely studied. Methods Patients undergoing surgical resection for primary or recurrent RPS between 2000 and 2015 at participating US Sarcoma Collaborative institutions were identified. Patient demographics, perioperative morbidity, mortality, length of stay, discharge to home, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival were compared between elderly (≥70 y, n = 171) and nonelderly ( Results There was no difference in perioperative morbidity (total and major complications elderly versus nonelderly: 39% versus 35%; P = 0.401 and 18% versus 17%; P = 0.646, respectively) or mortality between elderly and nonelderly patients with each group experiencing a 1% 30-d mortality rate. Length of stay and 30-d readmission rates were similar (elderly versus nonelderly; 7 d interquartile range [IQR: 5-9] versus 6 d [IQR: 4-9], P = 0.528 and 11% versus 12%, P = 0.667). Elderly patients were more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing or rehabilitation facility (elderly versus nonelderly; 19% versus 7%, P Conclusions Advanced age was not associated with an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality following resection of RPS in this multi-institutional review. Although short-term oncologic outcomes were similar in both groups, the risk of death after sarcoma recurrence was higher in elderly patients and may be related to comorbidity burden and tumor histology.
Excited-State Spectra of Strongly Correlated Molecules from a Reduced-Density-Matrix Approach.

Excited-state energies are computed in the space of single-electron transitions from the ground state from only a knowledge of the two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM). Previous work develop...
Impact of a nature-based intervention on incarcerated women

The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of a short-term nature-based intervention on the social-emotional well-being of women incarcerated on a mental health unit in a state prison.,This research used a mixed method approach with individual interviews, a focus group and a visual analog scale (VAS).,Qualitative results found that women appreciated the planting party and the way the plants improved the physical environment. Women were also emotionally and relationally impacted by their participation and practiced skills related to planting and working with people. Quantitative results indicate that women were happier, calmer, and more peaceful after the intervention than before.,Study limitations include sample size, self-report data and use of a scale not yet tested for reliability and validity.,Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve as an adjunct to traditional mental health therapies in correctional settings. Nature-based interventions can support women’s goals to improve their mental health.,Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve to improve relationships among incarcerated women, which may make a positive impact on the prison community. Such interventions may also assist them in developing relational and technical skills that are useful upon release.,To date, there is limited knowledge about the impact of nature-based interventions on incarcerated individuals coping with mental health concerns.
Feasibility of administering a geriatric assessment to older adults with cancer using web-based and touchscreen platforms.

9536 Background: A geriatric assessment (GA) can help identify factors that increase the risk for chemotherapy-related toxicity in older patients with cancer. A GA has been developed which is prima...
New Heusler compounds in Ni-Mn-In and Ni-Mn-Sn alloys

Rapidly quenched ternary Ni-Mn-T (T = In, Sn) alloys exhibit features associated with magnetic skyrmions, so that XRD, TEM, EDS, SAED and HREM investigations were carried out for structural characterization on the two alloy systems. In this paper, we report a new type of Mn-rich Heusler compound with a cubic unit cell, a = 0.9150 nm in Ni-Mn-In and a = 0.9051 nm in Ni-Mn-Sn, which coexist with a Ni-rich full-Heusler compound with defects, a = 0.6094 nm in Ni-Mn-In and a = 0.6034 nm in Ni-Mn-Sn. A further analysis of the experimental results reveals a close structural relationship between these two compounds.
Constructivism vs Constructionism: Implications for Minecraft and Classroom Implementation

This chapter describes an exploratory case study observing one instructor as he used the video game environment, Minecraft in a high school English literature class. In our analysis of the study, we establish Minecraft as a learning tool that is a descendant of Piaget and Inhelder’s (1969) constructivist theories and Papert’s (1980) translation of those theories into the classroom (i.e., constructionism). Scholars have long seen the connection between constructionism, critical thinking, and digital environments. Minecraft is yet another accessible tool, but it implicates a style of learning that is still out of sync with most K-12 technological practices and the culture of the school environment itself. We discuss our observations in the context of the traditional educational culture and practices to suggest that full implementation of tools like Minecraft will require a shift in the way video game technologies are perceived and used for instruction.
Narrating the Unspeakable: Making Sense of Psychedelic Experiences in Drug Treatment

The use of psychedelic substances has been described as an ‘unspeakable primary experience,’ one that is personal and ultimately indescribable. The ineffable quality of such an experience, however, does not prohibit or invalidate attempts to explain it. The struggle to narrate one’s experience is instead an important endeavor. But, how does narration work if the psychedelic experience is truly unspeakable? What kind of narratives are possible? What kinds of narrative work do psychedelics foreclose? This article addresses these questions by analyzing narratives generated about the use of psychedelics for drug treatment. Drawing on 16 months of ethnographic research at drug treatment centers in Baja California, Mexico, this article examines what narration looks like in the context of a psychedelic-based drug treatment modality. It pays particular attention to how people in treatment retell – or struggle to retell – their experiences with psychedelics to make sense of them and then articulate them for the researcher. I argue that psychedelic experiences pose a unique challenge for the anthropological study of these substances, particularly their therapeutic use. I show how these experiences resist narrativization in multiple ways, presenting both ethnographic and epistemological obstacles to the production of anthropological knowledge.
Did Phlegon Actually Use a Stem-and-Leaf Display?

Missiakoulis (2019) gives an engaging account of the data compiled by the Greek writer Phlegon (80–140 AD) in the book On Long-Lived Persons, but his article contains no concrete evidence that Phle...
Cytokine Storm of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus that Causes COVID-19

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has spread to the entire globe and is a public health emergency of international concern. The clinical picture of the disease is seen to be related to previously encountered beta-coronaviruses i.e. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Most common symptoms include fever and cough and less commonly diarrhea, myalgias, nausea, sputum production. Still, other patients can present with multi-organ failure. Mortality risk is related to patient’s age and comorbidities. Laboratory and radiologic investigations are crucial for diagnosis and monitoring the prognosis of patients. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is related to pulmonary inflammation and lung damage caused by the cytokine storm induced by local infection in the lung alveolar space. The cytokine storm is evident from an increase in the amount of several cytokines like IL1B, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL9, IL10, TNF, an INFγ. At present, a proper treatment for COVID-19 is unavailable. However, supportive care is being given to patients with anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and artificial oxygen respiration. This paper focuses on the cytokine storm observed following SARS-CoV-2 infection and the current treatment strategies for the infection.