cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A risk perception model of alliance structuring

Abstract The literature on the strategic alliance structuring process does not provide an adequate view of the role of decision-makers in that process, especially about how alliance partners form their structural preferences. Given the critical role of structure in alliance management, the decision-making process regarding the choice of an appropriate alliance structure deserves particular research attention. We propose a model of strategic alliance structuring that has managerial risk perception as its core. Our model consists of the following parts: the antecedents of risk perception, relational risk and performance risk, risk perception and structural preference, and the resolution of preferences. We suggest that the structural preferences of partners are based on their perceptions of relational risk and performance risk, and the overall objective is to minimize the total risk. We also develop a number of propositions as elaboration of the model to facilitate empirical research and the effective management of the structuring process.
Observations of Oviposition Behavior Among North American Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) Species and Notes on Mass Rearing

ABSTRACT Although the larvae of a large number of North American tiger beetle species have been described, little information exists on the oviposition behavior of female tiger beetles at the species level. In this study, we found that the oviposition behavior varied widely among species, with some species utilizing more than one method. We found that, contrary to many references, several tiger beetle species did not oviposit from above the soil surface by inserting the ovipositor into the soil. Instead, several species oviposited by tunneling over 20 mm below the soil surface. In addition, we outline recently used successful protocols for rearing larvae rapidly and in large quantities.
Delineation of molecular pathways that regulate hepatic PCSK9 and LDL receptor expression during fasting in normolipidemic hamsters.

Background PCSK9 has emerged as a key regulator of serum LDL-C metabolism by promoting the degradation of hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR). In this study, we investigated the effect of fasting on serum PCSK9, LDL-C, and hepatic LDLR expression in hamsters and further delineated the molecular pathways involved in fasting-induced repression of PCSK9 transcription.
Quality of Life for Persons Living with Alzheimer's Disease: The Human Becoming Perspective:

The purpose of this research was to ascertain the meaning of quality of life for persons living with Alzheimer's disease. The human becoming theory was the nursing perspective for this descriptive-exploratory study in which 25 people, designated as having mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, were asked to describe their quality of life. Findings showed that quality for these participants is a contentment with the remembered and now affiliations that arises amidst the tedium of the commonplace, as an easy-uneasy flow of transfiguring surfaces with liberating possibilities and confining constraints, while desiring cherished intimacies yields with inevitable distancing in the vicissitudes of life, as contemplating the ambiguity of the possibles emerges with yearning for successes in the moment. Implications for further research and practice are also discussed.
The many facets of linear programming

We examine the history of linear programming from computational, geometric, and complexity points of view, looking at simplex, ellipsoid, interior-point, and other methods.
The Culture Wars Meet State Politics: Gender, Representation and Abortion Policy

Public opinion research reveals few differences between men and women in their abortion attitudes (Cook, Jelen and Wilcox 1992; Fiorina, Abrams and Pope 2011). Yet, state policy research often finds that the number of women in a state legislature increases the likelihood that a state will have more liberal abortion policies (Berkman and O’Connor 1993; Day 1994; Medoff 2002; Norrander and Wilcox 1999). This anomaly presents a variety of interesting questions about representation. Is this another case where female legislators are more liberal than their male colleagues? What about the match between female legislators and their constituents? Are female legislators elected from more liberal districts such that they are faithfully representing their constituency’s preferences? Does the fact that currently more female representatives come from the Democratic Party explain the anomaly, and if so, what is the role of female Republican legislators? This paper will demonstrate the representational process that explains the anomaly by first linking gender patterns in constituency opinion to the election of Democratic and Republican female legislators, second matching general public opinion with the political orientation of state government, and third relating the political orientation of state governments and the presence of female legislators from both parties to abortion policies. Only by modeling the complete representational process can we fully understand the adoption of state policies and the role gender plays in this process.
Employee Benefits & Pensions: Current Developments (Part II)

In this first of two articles reviewing the significant developments of the last year (August 2004-July 2005), the authors discuss changes in the taxation of executive compensation and certain fringe benefits. Arguably, the most important of these recent developments was the passage of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (AJCA), adding an entirely new layer of rules to the taxation of a wide variety of arrangements. The authors discuss these new rules, as set forth in both the new Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 409A and Notice 2005-1, the first interpretive guidance on the AJCA from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Other significant changes resulting from the AJCA covered in the article include: new reporting obligations; limitations to the deductibility of costs related to the entertainment use of certain assets; and the end of withholding upon disqualifying disposition of stock acquired under statutory stock options. Additional executive compensation topics covered in the article include: final statutory stock option regulations; changes in accounting for share-based payments pursuant to SFAS No. 123R; new guidance for the application of IRC § 280G golden parachute rules; final regulations addressing the proper sourcing of compensation for personal services partly within and partly without the United States; guidance on the employment tax treatment of signing bonuses and cancellation payments; and proposed regulations on the taxation of transfers of equity partnership interests in return for service. Lastly, the article discusses new IRS guidance on certain marketed schemes taking advantage of IRC § 132(f) qualified parking reimbursement and a relaxation of the "use-it-or-lose-it" rule applied to cafeteria plan benefits.
Engaging the Odd Couple: Same-Sex Marriage and Evangelicalism in the Public Square

Great cultural shifts are underway in the United States. In May of 2008, leaders of the emerging moderate wing of the evangelical movement declared that they are no longer tied to any issue or political party and asserted an intent to take their place as full participants in the civil public square. Eight days later, the same-sex marriage movement was re-invigorated by the decision of the California Supreme Court affirming the right of same-sex couples to marry. In Engaging the Odd Couple: Same-Sex Marriage and Evangelicalism in the Public Square, I propose that the two phenomena are not unrelated. A “kinder, gentler” strand of evangelicals seems to be making peace with American culture and with the momentous shifts that are reconfiguring marriage and family life. At the same time, however, I observe that proponents of same-sex marriage and conservative evangelical supporters of traditional marriage are separated by a chasm of ineradicable beliefs. In this article, I explore principles of engagement to negotiate the paradox of conflictual consensus in a pluralist democracy. To support this heretical enterprise, I examine the political philosophical traditions of liberal individualism and civic republicanism underlying civil society. In this examination, I show that the oppositions between liberal and republican thought are dissolving, rearranging, and allowing for new discourse on ethico-political principles in the public square. For example, in liberal theory, the key principle of individual autonomy is the lifeblood of gay and lesbian civil rights as well as the basis for the cultural surge of evangelicalism, including evangelical megachurches. In addition, in republican theory, marriage is the chief social good and “seedbed of virtue” that is endorsed by evangelicals and same-sex couples alike on principles of unitivity and procreativity. Consequently, although same-sex couples and evangelicals may be adversaries in postmodern agonistic discourse in the public square, they are also “odd bedfellows” who share values borne of cultural elaboration on a common philosophical heritage.Table of contentsI. IntroductionII. History of American EvangelicalismA. The Protestant ReformationB. The Great AwakeningC. National Wars and Theological Battles: The Rise of Liberal Theology and Christian FundamentalismD. Unity and Division: The National Association of Evangelicals, the Moral Majority, and the Emergence of Political EvangelicalismIII. Liberal Pluralism and Civic Republicanism: Historical JoustingsA. Liberal, Republican, and a Working MisunderstandingB. Cultural Shifts and Agonistic ConflictIV. Principles of Agonistic Engagement for Same-Sex Marriage and EvangelicalismA. Democratic Principle: Ensuring Liberty and Equality for AllB. Liberal Principle: Supporting Individual AutonomyC. Republican Principle: Promoting Public Good(s) Through the Social and Theo-Ethical Goods of MarriageV. Conclusion
Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of Tarsosteninae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part III. Taxonomy of the New World Genera Ardearsus Opitz, New Genus, Abiliella Peracchi, Ochracea Opitz, New Genus, and Somaovalis Opitz, New Genus

Abstract This work represents the third contribution of a series of publications focused on the study of the natural history and evolution of the Tarsosteninae. The work includes four genera: Abiliella Peracchi, Ardearsus Opitz, new genus, Ochracea Opitz, new genus, and Somaovalis Opitz, new genus. Six new species are described: Abiliella albosutura Opitz, Abiliella galbina Opitz, Ardearsus morulus Opitz, Ochracea xanthosa Opitz, Somaovalis sexnaeva Opitz, and Somaovalis sinestigma Opitz. Among the species treated in this work, only Abiliella fasciata Peracchi was previously described. It is postulated that the genera and species in question originated in South America after the Andean orogenic events that took place during the Miocene. Included in this work are: a key to the genera and species, 17 line drawings, eight electron micrographs, seven color habitus photographs, six photographs of genitalia, a species-level phylogenetic tree, and one distributional map of the species.
Analysis of surveillance results of food additives in Guangzhou City,2007-2011

Objective To understand the usage of food additives in Guangzhou City during 20072011. Methods Sampling sites were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling method in major consuming places( catering services,supermarkets,meat grocers,wholesale markets,retail shops,etc.) in 12 districts( or county-level cities) of Guangzhou during 20072011. We collected only one sample from each batch of similar food samples of different merchants by random sampling methods. Food additives( including preservatives,sweeteners,decolorizer bleach,color fixative and colorants) were detected and assessed in accordance with national standard methods. Results Among 1 996 various food samples collected,1 596 were qualified,with a passing rate of 79. 96%. The qualified items were 11 531 out of the 11 999 total monitored items,with a passing rate of 96. 10%. The number of checkout items were 2 433, with a positive rate of 20. 28%. The passing rates were 95. 17%( 3 113 /3 271) for the preservative( benzoic acid,sorbic acid),88. 65%( 789 /890) for the sweetener( sodium saccharin,sodium cyclamate,acesulfame-K),84. 66%( 276 /326) for the decolorizer( sulfur dioxide),99. 90%( 1 001 /1 002) for color protection agent( nitrite) and 97. 57%( 6 352 /6 510) for colorants( carmine,amaranth,tartrazine,sunset yellow,blue). The passing rates of five main foodstuffs were 86. 72%( 875 /1 009) for the deli meats, 57. 94%( 146 /252) for candied succades,100. 00%( 212 /212) for beverage,73. 22%( 134 /183) for rice and flour products,and 67. 35%( 229 /340) for cold vegetable dish in sauce,with statistically significant difference( P 0. 01). Conclusion There were varying degrees of excessive use of 12 kinds of food additives among five main foodstuffs in Guangzhou. Therefore,we suggest strengthening the monitoring of food additives.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: practical aspects of care.

(2002). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Practical Aspects Of Care. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 274-276.
Breakfast Macronutrient Composition Influences Thermic Effect of Feeding and Fat Oxidation in Young Women Who Habitually Skip Breakfast

The purpose of this study was to determine if breakfast macronutrient composition improved thermic effect of feeding (TEF) and appetite after a one-week adaptation in young women who habitually skip breakfast. A randomized, controlled study was conducted in females (24.1 ± 2 years), who skip breakfast (≥5 times/week). Participants were placed into one of three groups for eight days (n = 8 per group): breakfast skipping (SKP; no breakfast), carbohydrate (CHO; 351 kcal; 59 g CHO, 10 g PRO, 8 g fat) or protein (PRO; 350 kcal; 39 g CHO, 30 g PRO, 8 g fat). On days 1 (D1) and 8 (D8), TEF, substrate oxidation, appetite and blood glucose were measured. PRO had higher (p < 0.05) TEF compared to SKP and CHO on D1 and D8, with PRO having 29% higher TEF than CHO on D8. On D1, PRO had 30.6% higher fat oxidation than CHO and on D8, PRO had 40.6% higher fat oxidation than CHO. SKP had higher (p < 0.05) fat oxidation on D1 and D8 compared to PRO and CHO. There was an interaction (p < 0.0001) of time and breakfast on appetite response. In addition, CHO had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in PP hunger response on D8 vs. D1. CHO and PRO had similar PP (postprandial) glucose responses on D1 and D8. Consumption of PRO breakfast for 8 days increased TEF compared to CHO and SKP, while consumption of CHO for one week increased PP hunger response.
Microbial Quality of Ground and Comminuted, Raw and Cooked Turkey Meat 1.

The microbial quality of ground and comminuted turkey meat was examined using raw meat and meat after two cooking times. Eight triplicate samples were obtained from a commercial processing plant over an 8-month period and analyzed for aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella . The APC for 29%of the raw ground and 0% of the raw comminuted turkey meat samples was greater than 5.0 × 106/g. Raw ground and comminuted meat yielded a mean coliform most probable number (MPN) of 2.2 × 102 and 6.2 × 102/g respectively. Mean E. coli MPNs per gram were 12 for raw ground and 49 for raw comminuted meat. Twenty-five percent of the 24 raw ground samples, and 46% of the comminuted samples exceeded 50 E. coli MPN/g. S aureus was isolated from 25% of the raw ground and 54% of raw comminuted samples. Salmonellae were isolated from 8% of the raw ground samples and 12% of raw comminuted samples. C. perfringens was isolated from 50 and 55% of 40 ground and 40 comminuted meat samples, respectively. Cooking reduced the microbial numbers and isolation frequency from all samples.
An Algorithm to Calculate Numerators of Higher Kinds

Abstract Numerators of higher kinds are defined as determinants obtained by expanding the characteristic polynomial of a multi-input multi-output system in terms of its feedback coefficients. They are generalizations of the usual numerator polynomial and have been shown to be the characteristic polynomial for the system under infinite feedback gain. As such, they can be used to examine individual loop behavior when other loops have high gain. Previously, they have been calculated in terms of determinants using Cramer's rule which generally can be poorly behaved numerically. In tnis paper, an algorithm is developed based on Van Dooren's recent numerically stable generalized eigenstructure algorithms. This approach clearly illustrates the connection between these numerators of higher kinds and transmission zeros.
Assisting the User

Chapters 8 and 9 focused on developing better methods to build systems, looking specifically at improved approaches for indexing and retrieval. This chapter focuses on efforts to assist the user. Four specific approaches are discussed: better organization of databases, expert assistance to the user, improved access to better indexing terms and databases, and linkage to new documents by tracing references in documents already retrieved.
Sexual and somatic development of wood frog tadpoles along a thermal gradient

All amphibian species are known to have genetic sex determination. However, a variety of environmental conditions can moderate sexual differentiation, in some cases leading to sex reversal and skewed sex ratios. While there has been a recent focus on chemically-induced sex reversal in amphibians, temperature can also influence sexual differentiation. Building upon a classic 1929 study by Emil Witschi, we assessed temperature-mediated sex reversal. Witschi found that the wood frog sex ratio is 100% male at a high temperature (32°C) compared to a 50:50 sex ratio at 20°C. This pattern is consistent with multiple models of environmentally mediated sexual differentiation in vertebrates. To better understand thermally mediated sex reversal, we raised wood frogs at temperature increments of ∼1°C between 19 and 34°C. Mirroring earlier findings, wood frog metamorph sex ratios are indistinguishable from 50:50 at the lowest temperature and entirely male at the highest temperatures. In between, sex ratios become increasingly male-dominated as temperatures increase, implying a steadily increasing tendency toward female-to-male sex reversal in warmer environments. There was no evidence of a threshold temperature effect on reversal patterns. We also show that, compared to males, females metamorphose larger and later in cooler conditions but earlier and smaller under warmer conditions. While the ecological relevance in this species is unknown, these results conform to the Charnov-Bull model of sex determination (in which female-to-male sex reversal can increase fitness to genetic females at higher temperatures), suggesting the system would reward further study.
Displacement and Identity in Hussel’s Phenomenology

One of the most valuable philosophical discussions that Husserl offers us in his writings is his treatment of identity. His analysis of identity can be considered a modern revival of the issue Plato raised in the Sophist when he talked about sameness and otherness as two of the major forms, the megista gene, of being.1 Like Plato, Husserl also discusses identity or sameness not all by itself, but as implicated with difference or otherness, and one of the most striking forms of otherness that he describes is that of the displacement, the Versetzung, of the self.
Steroid concentrations in uterine lymph: possible mediators of uterine and ovarian blood flow during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the pig

Current investigations strongly suggest a relationship between local concentrations of estrogens and progesterone (P^) and the function of periarterial adrenergic (vasoconstrictor) nerves innervating uterine and ovarian arteries. During the estrous cycle of the ewe, cow and sow, increases in the estrogeniprogesterone (E/P^) ratio in systemic blood are associated with elevations in blood flow through the uterine vascular bed. In addition, exogenous administra­ tion of estrogen has been shown to increase ovarian blood flow in ewes. Lymphatic vessels, which are in close linear apposition to the adventitia of the uterine and ovarian arteries may function to trans­ port steroids to the utero-ovarian periarterial nerves. Techniques were thus developed for the acute and chronic collection of uterine lymph from Yorkshire gilts. Concentrations of estrone (E^), estradiol-173 (EgB) and P^ in uterine lymph were compared to those in systemic blood during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Changes in ovarian blood flow were subsequently contrasted to the patterns of these steroids in systemic blood and uterine lymph throughout the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Experiment I; Uterine lymphatic catheters were chronically implanted into gilts on Days 0 or 1 (n=5), 5 (n=4), 11 (n=5) or 15 (n=4) of the estrous cycle. Uterine lymph and systemic blood were sampled daily from each gilt until patency of lymphatic catheters was lost, which averaged =5 days. Concentrations of E^, Egg and P^^ in
Ethics, self-knowledge, and life taken as a whole

What does thinking of “world as a whole, life” entail for ethnography? Would the modification of life with the adjectival everyday—i.e. “everyday life”—provide a different lens with which to take f...
Benchmark measurements for additive manufacturing of metals (Conference Presentation)

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is a rapidly growing advanced manufacturing paradigm that promises unparalleled flexibility in the production of parts with complex geometries. However, the extreme processing conditions create position-dependent microstructures, residual stresses, and properties that complicate certification. Quantitative modeling of these characteristics is critical, but model validation requires rigorous measurements including comprehensive in situ monitoring of the melt pool behavior, along with microstructure, residual stress, and property characterizations. Ideally, such benchmark measurements must be accepted broadly by the international AM community so that meaningful comparisons can be made. I will describe our establishment of the Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-Bench), a continuing series of highly controlled benchmark measurements for additive manufacturing that modelers around the world are now using to test their simulations.
Novel nano-drug combination therapeutic regimen demonstrates significant efficacy in the transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

The current work studied the chemopreventive efficacy of orally administered chitosan coated solid-lipid nanoparticle (c-SLN) encapsulated aspirin (ASP), curcumin (CUR) and free sulforaphane (SFN), ACS-cSLN, in the LSL-Kras G12D/+; Pdx-1 Cre/+ transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In vitro uptake study and intracellular localization of ODA-FITC labeled ASP and CUR c-SLNs were performed in Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells by fluorescence microscopy. LSL-Kras G12D/+; Pdx-1 Cre/+ transgenic mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into 5 groups. Treatment groups were orally gavaged with ACS c-SLNs in three doses: low (2 + 4.5 + 0.16 mg/kg), medium (20 + 45 + 1.6 mg/kg) and high (60 + 135 + 4.8 mg/kg), respectively. After 20 weeks of treatment, mice pancreas were harvested, stained with dye and scored according to various pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanIN) categories by an independent observer. In vitro, cellular uptake evaluated on Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells resulted in higher fluorescence intensities, indicating increased cellular uptake of ASP and CUR c-SLNs. For further evidence, the addition of lysoID (red fluorescence) demonstrated location and uptake of ASP and CUR c-SLNs into the lysosome. In vivo, treatment with ACS c-SLN for 20-weeks did not cause obvious adverse effects on growth and no statistically significant differences in body weight were observed between groups. However, the weight (mean ± SEM) of pancreas at the end of the study was higher in blank c-SLN group (223.6 ± 42.2 mg) compared to low (138.0 ± 26.0 mg; not significant [NS]), medium (145.0 ± 9.0 mg; NS), and high (133.8 ± 20.3 mg; NS) ACS c-SLN treated groups, demonstrating the efficacy of ACS c-SLN nanoformulations. The low, medium and high dose of ACS c-SLN combinations exhibited a reduction in tumor incidence (PanIN count) by 16.6% (P < 0.01), 66.8% (P < 0.01), and 83.4% (P < 0.01), respectively. These studies provide further proof for the use of an oral, low dose nanotechnology-based combinatorial regimen for the chemoprevention of PDAC.
Small-scale desalination of seawater by shock electrodialysis

Abstract Conventional desalination technologies such as distillation and reverse osmosis are well suited for the supply of fresh water at large scale. The expensive infrastructure and high capital, operating, and maintenance costs associated with these technologies, however, limit their application in remote or underdeveloped areas. Here, we show that shock electrodialysis, a recently developed electrokinetic process, can be used to continuously desalinate artificial seawater (3.5 wt. %) for small-scale (≤ 25 m3 day−1 as a long-term goal), decentralized applications. In two steps, 99.8% of the salt fed was rejected, with selectivity for magnesium ions of which > 99.99% were removed (based on measurements of concentration by mass spectrometry). We also demonstrated for the first time the viability of using and continuously recycling solutions of sodium citrate buffer to simultaneously reduce waste and inhibit precipitation reactions in the electrode streams. As with conventional electrodialysis, the energy consumed by our technology can be significantly reduced by desalinating sources that are less saline than seawater, such as brackish water and various industrial or municipal process streams. Since the design of the system and choice of materials have yet to be optimized, there remain ample opportunities to further reduce the cost of desalination by shock electrodialysis.
Getting up to Speed: A Resident-Led Inpatient Curriculum for New Internal Medicine Interns

Introduction The transition from medical school to internship is an important milestone in medical training and often is a challenge for trainees. This resident-designed and -led inpatient curricul...
Hsp70 and the Unfolded Protein Response as a Challenging Drug Target and an Inspiration for Probe Molecule Development.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response mechanism that is critical for cell survival. Pharmacological modulation of the ATPase activity of the chaperone Hsp70 can trigger ...
Value Gradient Learning Approach in Power and Frequency Regulation of Grid-Connected Synchronverters

In this paper, a neural network adaptive critic design (ACD) method based on value gradient learning (VGL) is used to optimally control a grid-connected synchronverter. The main drawback of the traditional synchronverters is their infeasibility to face non-inductive grids. To be able to implement a synchronverter technique in any impedance angle, a neural network-based adaptive controller is used. The advantage of adaptive dynamic programing is its ability to adjust itself when it faces changes and uncertainties in the power system. The proposed VGL consists of two subnetworks: the critic network and the action network. The action network is trained during the operation, and the critic network can be pretrained offline or can be simultaneously trained with the action network. To compare the effectiveness of the traditional synchronverter to the VGL-based synchronverter, the simulation results are provided.
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue Alters Cycling Performance and Locomotor Muscle Fatigue.

PURPOSE This study aimed to determine if preexisting respiratory muscle fatigue (RMF) alters motoneuronal output, locomotor muscle fatigue, and cycling performance. METHODS Eight trained male cyclists performed 5-km cycling time trials after a resistive breathing task that induced RMF and under control conditions (CON). Motoneuronal output was estimated using vastus lateralis surface electromyography, and locomotor muscle fatigue was quantified as the change in potentiated quadriceps twitch force from preexercise to postexercise. RESULTS Time to complete the time trial was 1.9% ± 0.9% longer in RMF compared with CON (P < 0.001). Estimated motoneuronal output was lower in RMF compared with CON during 1 km (45% ± 11% vs 53% ± 13%, P = 0.004) and 2 km (45% ± 14% vs 51% ± 14%, P = 0.008), but was not different thereafter. Ventilation was lower in RMF compared with CON during 1 km (114 ± 19 vs 135 ± 24 L·min, P = 0.003) and 2 km (136 ± 23 vs 152 ± 31 L·min, P = 0.009); however, ratings of dyspnea were similar. After the 5-km time trial, locomotor muscle fatigue was attenuated in RMF compared with CON (-22% ± 6%, vs -28% ± 7%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Alterations to dyspnea for a given ventilation seem to have constrained power output during cycling exercise, thereby limiting the development of locomotor muscle fatigue. These findings indicate that the respiratory system is an integral component in a global feedback loop that regulates exercise performance and the development of locomotor muscle fatigue.
Vaping induced pneumonitis: a small community hospital's case series and analysis.

Electronic cigarettes/e-cigarettes (ECs), or vaping, is currently the most popular form of smoking amongst youth in the United States. ECs are battery-powered devices that vaporize a liquid that comes in small cartridges, or pods, that contain various chemicals, nicotine, and an array of flavors that can be modified to include cannabinoids (THC). With increasing popularity, however, there is an epidemic of pulmonary and gastrointestinal illnesses associated with vaping in the continental U.S.A. We analyzed medical charts of three patients who were active users of ECs and presented with pneumonitis to our community medical center between January and August 2019. We report three cases of vaping pneumonitis in young adults, ages 18 to 21, who presented with similar symptoms, profiles, imaging studies, and disease progression. The average length of stay was approximately one week, and all patients had an extensive work-up in addition to a relapsing and remitting course of their condition. Early recognition and diagnosis of vaping pneumonitis are essential in the treatment of the ongoing epidemic. Extensive unnecessary work up may lead to increased healthcare costs. Our case series echoes the concerns of the CDC such that ECs should be avoided, and those with any pulmonary or gastrointestinal symptoms should seek medical attention promptly.
Horizon-Dependent Risk Pricing: Evidence from Short-Dated Options

I present evidence from index options that the price of risk over the value of the S&P 500 increases as the investment horizon becomes shorter. I show first how these risk prices may be estimated from the data, by translating the risk-neutral probabilities implied by options prices into physical probabilities that must provide unbiased forecasts of the terminal outcome. The risk price can be interpreted as the marginal investor’s effective risk aversion, and estimating this value over different option-expiration horizons for the S&P, I find that risk aversion is reliably higher for near-term outcomes than for longer-term outcomes: the market’s relative risk aversion over terminal index values decreases from around 15 at a one-week horizon to around 3 at a 12-week horizon. It is difficult to reconcile these findings with leading asset-pricing models, and I discuss necessary conditions for any such rational model to produce such a pattern. Models with dynamically inconsistent risk preferences, however, are capable of straightforwardly producing the findings presented here, and I discuss possible specifications of such models and their applicability to related results from previous literature.
Radiofrequency atrial fibrillation ablation with irrigated tip catheter using remote magnetic navigation compared with conventional manual method.

Studies comparing manual catheter navigation (MCN) to remote magnetic navigation (RMN) for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation showed variable results. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the safety and clinical outcomes of AF radiofrequency (RF) ablation using MCN versus RMN with irrigated tip catheters. Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were queried from inception through January 2019. Studies comparing safety and clinical outcomes of AF ablation with RF using MCN versus RMN with irrigated tip catheters were included. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool outcomes across studies. Study endpoints included freedom of AF at the end of the study, procedure total time, fluoroscopy time, and complications. A total of 14 studies (3 controlled non-randomized trials, 1 prospective observational, and 10 retrospective observational studies) involving 3375 patients (1871 in MCN and 1504 in RMN) were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of freedom of AF (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.82–1.42, p = 0.52). The MCN group was associated with shorter procedure time (mean difference in minutes − 50.39, 95% CI − 67.99 to − 32.79, p < 0.01), longer fluoroscopy time (mean difference in minutes 18.01, 95% CI 10.73–25.29, p < 0.01), and higher complication rate (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.24–3.82, p < 0.01). AF ablation utilizing MCN was associated with similar efficacy to RMN but with higher complication rates. Although the procedure time was shorter with MCN, the fluoroscopy time was more prolonged. Randomized clinical studies are needed to further verify these results.
Structural and electronic properties of 2D (graphene, hBN)/H-terminated diamond (100) heterostructures

We report a first-principles study of the structural and electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) layer/hydrogen-terminated diamond (100) heterostructures. Both the 2D layers exhibit weak van-der-Waals (vdW) interactions and develop rippled configurations with the H-diamond (100) substrate to compensate for the induced strain. The adhesion energy of the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layer is slightly higher, and it exhibits a higher degree of rippling compared to the graphene layer. A charge transfer analysis reveals a small amount of charge transfer from the H-diamond (100) surface to the 2D layers, and most of the transferred charge was found to be confined within the vdW gap. In the graphene/H-diamond (100) heterostructure, the semi-metallic characteristic of the graphene layer is preserved. On the other hand, the hBN/H-diamond (100) heterostructure shows semiconducting characteristics with an indirect bandgap of 3.55 eV, where the hBN layer forms a Type-II band alignment with the H-diamond (100) surface. The resultant conduction band offset and valence band offset are 0.10 eV and 1.38 eV, respectively. A thin layer of hBN offers a defect-free interface with the H-diamond (100) surface and provides a layer-dependent tunability of electronic properties and band alignment for surface-doped diamond field effect transistors.
A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Living With Multiple Myeloma.

Purpose To explore the ways in which multiple myeloma affects an individual's life in the modern treatment era. Participants & setting 15 individuals with multiple myeloma and 10 clinicians were recruited from two academic medical centers in the southeastern United States. Methodologic approach Semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals with multiple myeloma and clinicians to explore the effect of a multiple myeloma diagnosis and treatment on individuals' lives. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Findings The following four themes emerged from the analysis. Implications for nursing The treatment journey for those with multiple myeloma can be lifelong and may require frequent visits to an oncologist and, potentially, many successive lines of therapy. Life effects are far-reaching and long-term. Nurses should be aware of the interprofessional resources to help meet these individuals' needs. With thorough assessment, care planning, and education, nurses can play a key role in mitigating the negative effects of multiple myeloma and its treatment.
Crossing the Brooklyn Bridge: a health literacy training partnership before and during COVID-19.

Background: A request for consumer health information training for public librarians led to the development of a specialized consumer health reference and health literacy training program by professional consumer health librarians from an academic medical center. Professional consumer health librarians created an interactive presentation aimed at improving public librarians’ ability to respond to consumer health questions and provide vetted health resources. Case Presentation: Building on professional expertise, librarians at Weill Cornell Medicine developed a live class demonstration accompanied by a representative subject LibGuide to support public librarians who assist patrons with health questions. Skills involved in effectively communicating with patrons who are seeking consumer health information include conducting reference interviews, matching patrons’ needs with appropriate resources, teaching useful Internet search methods, assessing health information, and understanding health literacy issues. Originally envisioned as two in-person live demonstrations, the team proactively adapted the program to respond to the stay-at-home social-distancing order put in place in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Conclusions: The team successfully led an in-person live training session followed by an adapted online training experience, the latter designed to complete the curricula while complying with city and state orders.
Cognition in the Chronic Pain Experience: Preclinical Insights

Acutely, pain is protective. It promotes escape from, and future avoidance of, noxious stimuli through strong and often lifetime associative memories. However, with persistent acute pain or when pain becomes chronic, these memories can promote negative emotions and poor decisions often associated with deleterious behaviors. In this review, we discuss how preclinical studies can provide insights into the relationship between cognition and chronic pain. We also discuss the concept of pain as a cognitive disorder and new strategies for treating chronic pain that emphasize inhibiting the formation of pain memories or promoting 'forgetting' of established pain memories.
Organizational Quality Management in Emerging Economies

Quality management initiatives in organizations in India are explored. The focus of the study is on the relationships between managerial hierarchy, organizational form, quality performance, and managerial perceptions of quality practices. Results indica..
The futile fight against (human) nature: A public choice analysis of the US Army Corps of Engineers – special focus on Hurricane Katrina

Purpose – The paper aims to discuss bureaucratic management, over‐confidence in scientific theory, information distortion and lack of coordination with particular focus on the post‐Hurricane Katrina situation.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines efficiency arguments for centralized control and the potential for government failure. It also analyzes the disaster of Hurricane Katrina with these problems in mind.Findings – The Flood Act of 1928 officially transferred the responsibility of flood protection along the Mississippi River to the federal government. While it is true that local provision failed to eliminate the problem of flooding, the problems caused by federal provision have not been fully appreciated. The specific characteristics of flood protection as well as the general problems caused by bureaucratic management and the absence of market mechanisms suggest that local provision of flood protection is a more efficient solution.Originality/value – The arguments in this paper suggest tha...
Blood Conservation in Cardiac Surgery

Heightened public concern regarding the incidence of infectious disease related to blood transfusion associated with surgical operations, has recently led to intensified scrutiny of intraoperative transfusion decisions. Surgeons and anesthesiologists, long accustomed to independent decision making, increasingly find their transfusion practices second guessed by blood bank physicians and hospital transfusion committees. To complicate the issue, patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the present era tend to be older, sicker, and with more concurrent conditions requiring well considered decisions regarding transfusion.
Characterization of Electrostriction Nonlinearity in a Standard Single-Mode Fiber Based on Coherent Detection and Cross-Phase Modulation

The electrostriction nonlinearity in a standard single mode fiber is measured by cross-phase modulation (XPM) between pump and probe. Novel use of a coherent homodyne receiver allows measurement of in-phase and quadrature components of the probe field, eliminating the need for an optical interferometer. The Kerr effect ( $\gamma _{k}$ ) and frequency-dependent electrostriction $(\gamma _{e})$ nonlinear parameters are characterized experimentally, and $\gamma _{e}$ is found to be approximately one third of $\gamma _{k}$ at the highest peak resonance frequency. The joint action of $\gamma _{k}$ and $\gamma _{e}$ also introduces a polarization dependence of the electrostrictive signal when the pump and the probe are not copolarized.
Functionalization of Porous Silicon Surfaces by Solution-Phase Reactions with Alcohols and Grignard Reagents

This paper describes the covalent attachment of various organic molecules to the hydrogenterminated surface of porous silicon using alcohols and Grignard reagents. With alcohols, the chemical reaction forms Si-O-C attachments to the silicon substrate and requires modest heating (40-70 °C). With Grignard reagents, the reaction proceeds at room temperature and forms a covalent film that is attached by Si-C bonds to the silicon support. Evidence for these reactions is provided by infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.
고등학생의 스트레스, 충동성, 대인관계 문제가 폭식 및 중독적 인터넷 사용에 미치는 영향력 차이 (Stress, Impulsiveness, and Interpersonal Problem of High School Students Group with Binge-Eating and Addictive Internet Use Problem)

Korean Abstract: 본 연구의 목적은 스트레스, 스트레스 대처방식, 충동성, 대인관계문제를 중심으로 폭식 및 중독적 인터넷 사용을 보이는 고등학생 집단의 특징을 살펴보아, 두 행동 중독을 유발하고 지속시키는 특성 차이를 알아보는 것이었다. 541명의 고등학생을 대상으로 질문지를 실시하였고 그 결과에 따라 폭식집단, 중독적 인터넷 사용집단, 공병집단, 정상집단으로 집단을 구분하여 판별분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 살펴보면, 외모 스트레스, 가족 스트레스, 회피중심 대처방식이 폭식 집단과 중독적 인터넷 사용 집단을 잘 판별해주는 요인이었다. 다음으로 공병집단과 나머지 세 집단(폭식집단, 중독적 인터넷 사용 집단, 정상집단)을 잘 판별해주는 특징은 외모 스트레스, 회피중심 대처방식, 자기중심성의 대인관계문제였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 연구 결과를 종합하여 이들이 많은 공통점을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 폭식과 중독적 인터넷 사용이라는 다른 행동 중독 문제를 보이는지 설명하였고, 공병집단이 폭식집단과 유사한 특징을 가진 점을 토대로 공병집단의 특징에 대해서 논의하였다. English Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of high school students group with binge-eating and addictive internet use problem as focused on stress, stress coping strategy, impulsiveness, and interpersonal problem. Also, this study examined difference factors that can cause and sustain behavior addictions. For this purpose, 541 high school students were asked to complete Scale. The results were as follows. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to find out difference factors of the dependent variables, binge-eating group and addictive internet use group. As a result, 3 variables (appearance stress, family stress, avoidance-focused coping) were variables that had significant discriminant effects on binge-eating and addictive internet use group respectively. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future study were discussed.
Student Demographics, Satisfaction and Cognitive Demand in Two Lifelong Learning Programs

Leisure activity participation has been found to have a positive impact on our health and well-being (e.g., Rowe & Kahn, 1998), and interest in lifelong learning as a leisure time activity is rising. This study compared self-reported measures of demographics, life satisfaction, cognitive status, and mood states in adult populations (over 50 years old). These older adults were attending noncredit courses in two different adult education programs: an adult education center and a university setting. Students in the two programs differed in several demographic features (age, years of formal education, socioeconomic status, and satisfaction with life). While both groups reported the same level of cognitive functioning, adult education students found the classes more familiar yet more challenging. Students in both programs reported an improvement in mood at the end of the class compared to the beginning. This study suggests that demographic variables, such as years of formal education, socioeconomic status, and...
Novel Rinse Liquid for sub-90 nm Lithography

We investigate the effect of surfactant and solvent in rinse liquid using ArF photoresist. The collapse behavior is quantified in terms of the first collapsed critical dimension (FCCD) in 90 nm L/S ArF resist patterns. The addition of small amount of isopropanol in rinse liquid is not helpful to suppress surface tension (ST). In-house rinse liquids (HR series) showed relatively lower ST (26 mN/m2) compared to commercial one (45 mN/m2) at 23°C. They greatly reduce pattern collapse behavior (PCB) of photoresist from FCCD 103 nm to 85 nm L/S using these solutions. However, some rinse showes defect by bubble and the others show bad compatibility with photoresist. Some of HR series satisfy all requirements.
Alterations in Tricuspid Valve Mechanics as a Result of Annular Dilatation and Papillary Muscle Displacement: An In Vitro Study

Current information as to the mechanism which causes malcoaptation of the tricuspid leaflets and leads to regurgitation is lacking. This study investigated the effect isolated and combined annular dilatation and PM displacement on valve mechanics. 3D echocardiography was used to quantify the changes in valve mechanics in relation to changes in tricuspid regurgitation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVITY

Some philosophers—indeed, a large number—have presented us with a picture of human knowledge which makes it problematic as to whether we can ever be acquainted with an objective world. Given the nature of perception and thought as characterized by, e.g., Descartes and Hume, there is a problem about how anything I can be aware of can have any sort of objective status; there is a problem of how my awareness of anything can amount to anything other than its merely seeming to me that things are thus and so. And of course many of these same philosophers, and other philosophers, have tried in all sorts of different ways to counter this skeptical thrust. Some, like Descartes, have argued that although human perceiving and human thinking are themselves purely subjective affairs, nevertheless the content of some of our thoughts and ideas is such that it (the content) could not exist if there did not also exist certain things of a quite objective nature. Another way of putting Descartes' thesis is to say that although all our concepts of things are, as concepts, purely subjective entities, nevertheless the content of some of our concepts requires that there exist certain objective entities.