cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of evangelical revivals on global mission : the case of North American evangelicals in Brazil in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

The aim of the current article is to show that an important element behind the establishment of evangelical missions to Brazil – particularly during the pioneering stages – was evangelical revival, especially that which occurred in North America during the nineteenth century. Following a brief introduction to the general relationship between eighteenth- and nineteenth century revivals and evangelical missions, I shall endeavour to support historically the commonly accepted, yet often unsubstantiated, correlation between such movements of revival and mission. Firstly, I will show the significant paradigm shift in missional thinking, which took place in the nineteenth century, as North American evangelicals began to regard Roman Catholic countries in Latin America as mission fields. Secondly, I shall argue that the influence of nineteenth-century revivalist evangelicalism (particularly that sourced in North America) on missions to Brazil and Latin America can best be observed in the Brazilian evangelical identity that emerged in the twentieth century, which has, in turn, propelled the Brazilian evangelical church into its own significant involvement in global missions (Noll 2009:10).
Controls of streamflow generation in small catchments across the snow–rain transition in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California

Processes controlling streamflow generation were determined using geochemical tracers for water years 2004-2007 at eight headwater catchments at the Kings River Experimental Watersheds in southern Sierra Nevada. Four catchments are snow-dominated, and four receive a mix of rain and snow. Results of diagnostic tools of mixing models indicate that Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Cl- behaved conservatively in the streamflow at all catchments, reflecting mixing of three endmembers. Using endmember mixing analysis, the endmembers were determined to be snowmelt runoff (including rain on snow), subsurface flow and fall storm runoff. In seven of the eight catchments, streamflow was dominated by subsurface flow, with an average relative contribution (% of streamflow discharge) greater than 60%. Snowmelt runoff contributed less than 40%, and fall storm runoff less than 7% on average. Streamflow peaked 2-4weeks earlier at mixed rain-snow than snow-dominated catchments, but relative endmember contributions were not significantly different between the two groups of catchments. Both soil water in the unsaturated zone and regional groundwater were not significant contributors to streamflow. The contributions of snowmelt runoff and subsurface flow, when expressed as discharge, were linearly correlated with streamflow discharge (R2 of 0.85-0.99). These results suggest that subsurface flow is generated from the soil-bedrock interface through preferential pathways and is not very sensitive to snow-rain proportions. Thus, a declining of the snow-rain ratio under a warming climate should not systematically affect the processes controlling the streamflow generation at these catchments. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Don't break, or do: prosodic boundary preferences

Abstract Four naturalness judgment experiments were conducted to test different hypotheses about prosodic phrasing. The hypothesis that syntactic constituents should not be broken into distinct prosodic phrases [as in Truckenbrodt's Wrap constraint (Truckenbrodt, H., 1995. Phonological Phrases: Their Relation to Syntax, Focus, and Prominence. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, MIT)] was less predictive of the results of Experiments 1 and 2 than the hypothesis that constituents may be freely divided into prosodic phrases, as long as the resulting phrases are semantically coherent [Selkirk, E., 1984. Phonology and Syntax: The Relation Between Sound and Structure. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA]. The results of two further experiments confirmed Watson and Gibson's (Watson, D. G., Gibson, E., 2001. Linguistic structure and intonational phrasing. Paper presented at the Fourteenth Annual CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing, Philadelphia, 15–17 March 2001) claim that prosodic breaks are natural before long upcoming constituents, but did not support their hypothesis that the distance between a new item and its integration site is what motivates the presence of a prosodic phrase boundary. The results are interpreted as further evidence that the use of high level breaks in language comprehension is not governed by an invariant local mapping from syntax or processing considerations to prosody/intonation, but is related to the overall pattern of intonational choices made.
Building a Nursing Productivity Measure Based on the Synergy Model: First Steps

Background The Synergy Model describes nurses' work on the basis of the individual needs of patients and their families. Objective To generate data necessary to develop a nursing productivity system by using the Synergy Model as a conceptual framework. Methods Nurses from 3 different intensive care units participated. In phase 1, charge nurses in focus groups described patient and family indicators considered when making nurse-patient assignments. In phase 2, charge nurse data were used to construct a survey for experienced staff nurses, asking them to link the indicators to 3 levels of nursing workload. Results Thirty charge nurses considered all 8 patient dimensions of the Synergy Model when making nurse-patient assignments. Thirty-two experienced staff nurses completed 79 surveys ranking patients' stability as the most important dimension in patient care followed by complexity and predictability. Respondents linked a common set of unique indicators to each of the patient dimensions of the Synergy Model: fluctuation in vital signs was linked to stability; number and severity of diagnoses, to complexity; trajectory of illness, to predictability; lack of reserve, to resiliency; invasiveness of procedures, to vulnerability; family educational level and participation style, to family participation in decision making/care; and home environment, to resources. Sets of indicators were common across units and clustered around level of workload. Conclusion The Synergy Model shows promise as a conceptual framework for a nursing productivity system. Using a model that centers nursing work on patients' needs may better capture what nurses do and enhance our capacity to quantify nursing resource allocation.
Optimizing Non-contiguous Memory Access on Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessors

As an innovative design for high performance computing, Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor based on Intel Many Integrated Core (Intel MIC) architecture relies heavily on its SIMD (single instruction multiple data) unit. However, performance of non-contiguous memory access has become the memory wall towards efficient utilization of SIMD unit on Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors due to gather/scatter overhead. Existing vectorization techniques in the optimization of gather/scatter overhead have been focusing on extracting data parallelism from inter-loop and intra-loop in a decoupled means. In this paper, we propose a novel inter-intra-hybrid vectorization technique which further exploits SIMD efficiency. In this technique, we generate optimized SIMD code for loops requesting non-contiguous memory. Additional strategies are also presented to improve SIMD unit parallelism through data padding and redundant computation. To evaluate our technique, the two major functions from Sandia's miniMD benchmark, i.e., LJ force calculation and neighbor list build, are taken for experiments which show that our proposed method achieves a performance gain of 25%-40% compared with Intel compiler auto vectorized code and outperforms the existing methods. Our optimization method can be further applied to other highly parallel workloads with frequent non-contiguous memory access, which is very common in real-world scientific applications.
Mountain Glaciers are at Risk of Extinction

Mountain glaciers are a product of climate and are important environmental components of local, regional and global water cycles. Glaciers are sources of beauty in the mountain landscapes and, in many cases, have been among the primary agents responsible for forming these landscapes. Glacier mass balance data have received increasing attention in recent years because of their usefulness in detecting climate change and explaining rising sea level (Meier 1984; Church et al. 2001). Understanding changes in glacier volume is important for regional water supply and power generation. In addition, observations made by the scientific community, tourists and climbers have shown that alpine glaciers are disappearing from mountain ranges around the globe. These changes have profound implications for sources of fresh-water on land, cause sea-level rise and make mountains less attractive, and more difficult and less appealing to climb (Bowen 2001; Meier and Wahr 2002; Meier et al. 2003).
Databases, everyone!: customizable animations with self-assessment

Databases are a tool used in many disciplines for the storage and retrieval of information. It is therefore reasonable to include a course or some modules on database principles in settings other than the typical upper-division offering to computer science majors. This tutorial will cover pedagogy that supports the integration of two animations that use a dynamic presentation to introduce students of many majors, not necessarily only technical ones, to relational database concepts.
Irregularities in Solutions of Nonlinear Wave Diffraction Problem by Vertical Cylinder

Due to the increase in size and cost of ocean structures and the severe sea state conditions that these structures must withstand, it is necessary to extend the linear water-wave diffraction problem to account for nonlinear effects in the free-surface boundary conditions.
Abstract SY11-02: The role of the histone deacetylase SIRT6 in glucose homeostasis and cancer

Efficient glucose metabolism is critical for maintaining cellular viability. Under normal nutrient and oxygen conditions, glucose is converted to pyruvate, entering the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Under hypoxia or nutrient stress, metabolism is switched to glycolysis, increasing lactate production and reducing mitochondrial respiration. This switch is critical to maintain cells during periods of starvation or hypoxia; furthermore, recent studies indicate that modulating this switch proved beneficial under chronic glucose imbalance, such as in patients with type II diabetes, and it also plays a critical role in cancer metabolism, as defined by Otto Warburg decades ago. Little is known whether chromatin plays a role in carbohydrate flux. The yeast Sir2 protein is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase that senses the metabolic status of the cell and functions as a chromatin silencer to promote lifespan and genomic stability. Recently, we discovered that the mammalian SIRT6 is a chromatin factor that influences glucose metabolism and DNA repair. In mice, SIRT6-deficiency provokes a profound and lethal hypoglycemia which culminates in accelerated death. At the cellular level, SIRT6 inactivation leads to increased cellular glucose uptake, higher lactate production and decreased mitochondrial activity. Our results indicate that SIRT6 directly regulates expression of several key glycolytic genes. In this context, SIRT6 functions at chromatin to attenuate a Hif1α transcriptional nutrient response. SIRT6 co-represses Hif1α, acting as a histone H3 lysine9 (H3K9) deacetylase to inhibit expression of Hif1α-target gene promoters (Zhong et al, 2010). In the absence of SIRT6, H3K9 acetylation is enhanced in these promoters, triggering a Hif1α-dependent glycolytic switch, a response that appears critical in order to maintain cells under conditions of nutrient stress. In this context, our new studies indicate that this “glycolytic switch” observed in the absence of SIRT6 provides a growth advantage in the context of tumorigenesis. Potential mechanistic implications will be further discussed. Zhong, L., D9Urso, A., Toiber, D., Sebastian, C., Henry, R.E., Vadysirisack, D.D., Guimaraes, A., Marinelli, B., Wikstrom, J.D., Nir, T., Clish, C.B., Vaitheesvaran, Iliopoulos, O., B., Kurland, I., Dor, Y., Weissleder, R., Shirihai, O.S., Ellisen, L., Espinosa, J.M., and Mostoslavsky, R. (2010). The histone deacetylase SIRT6 regulates glucose homeostasis via Hif1a. Cell, 140, 280-293. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY11-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY11-02
In Defence of Closure

Closure principles for epistemic justification hold that one is justified in believing the logical consequences, perhaps of a specified sort, of things one justifiably believes. Unrestricted closure principles do not limit the principle to consequences having any particular property. Restricted closure principles say that only certain sorts of consequences of justified beliefs, e.g., 'obvious consequences', must be justified. The denial of closure is supposed to be helpful in responding to sceptics.) Sceptics argue that the things we ordinarily take ourselves to know, e.g., that I see a table in front of me, imply anti-sceptical hypotheses, e.g., that I am not being deceived by an evil demon into falsely thinking that I see a table. Sceptics contend that we do not know these anti-sceptical propositions. That claim, combined with closure, implies that we do not know the propositions we ordinarily think we know. Denying closure evades this sceptical argument. Robert Audi, among others, has proposed examples designed to show that the denial of the closure principle is plausible.2 I believe that some version of the closure principle, restricted to known consequences, is surely true. Indeed, the idea that no version of this principle is true strikes me, and many other philosophers, as one of the least plausible ideas to come down the philosophical pike in recent years. I believe that much of the case against the principles has been refuted by Jonathan Vogel,3 Audi has recently offered a new objection to closure principles. In this paper I shall take up his objection. There are details about exactly how to formulate the closure principle that warrant attention. It is clearly not true that if you are justified in believing a proposition then you are justified in believing all its logical consequences. Those logical consequences will always include complex and distant consequences you do not even understand. Such consequences are not justified for you. So an unrestricted closure principle is false. A more plausible closure principle, restricted to known consequences, is
Extended hückel theory—v : Cumulenes, polyenes, polyacetylenes and cn

Abstract Approximate calculations of the extended Huckel type are reported for ground and excited states of cumulenes, polyenes, polyacetylenes and Cn. Bond length variation in these molecules is studied by an iterative method which relates bond distance to Mulliken overlap population. For the cumulenes, simple aninons and cations as well as the first excited state prefer some twisting of the terminal CH2 groups from the ground state geometry. In the case of allene skeletal bending is also indicated in the excited state. An alternation of torsional barriers in the cumulene series is predicted. For the ground state of butadiene, one calculates a potential curve to twisting around the central single bond which has the s-cis form as a potential maximum, and which shows no activation energy to cis-trans interconversion. The first excited state of butadiene prefers a geometry with one CH2 group twisted out of plane. Distinct cis and trans bending tendencies in various excited acetylene states are obtained. Bond alternation is found for polyacetylenes, polyenes, essentially none for cumulenes. For linear Cn an intermediate situation occurs; bond alternation appears in short chains, is not expected to persist for large n, but a large “end effect” is predicted. Cn rings with n = 4q + 2 become more stable than the corresponding linear chains for n≥10.
Eye Surgery in the Elderly

The overall risk of eye surgery is quite low, and surgery can generally be performed in all but the sickest patients. Ambulatory eye surgery is now the rule rather than the exception and is generally well tolerated under local anesthesia. It is important for the consultant to remember those conditions that will increase morbidity and appropriately inform the ophthalmologist and anesthesiologist.
Czochralski Growth of Single Crystals Using High-Pressure Techniques

The rapid growth of device applications using the compound semiconductors, particularly, the arsenides and phosphides, has spurred the development of unique high-pressure methods for the growth of large single crystals of these volatile compounds. The production of single crys­tals using liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) crystal growth methods at furnace pressures up to 100 atm has matured to a point where it has now become a safe and acceptable production operation in the electronics industry in the United States and Japan. With the availability of reliable high-pressure furnace systems, the growth of a wide variety of single crystals from stoichiometric melts having volatile or pressure-sensitive components is becoming increas­ingly feasible and practical.
High-Voltage Transmission Electron Microscopes (HVEM)

The first high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) capable of generating 1,000 kV was put into Operation in Toulouse, France in the laboratory of Dr. G. Dupouy in 1960 (Dupouy, 1985). In 1969, Dupouy installed a 3,000-kV instrument, which offered improved specimen penetration and reduced chromatic aberration, but did not offer significant advantages over the original 1,000-kV instrument.
The Wartime Origins of Democratization: Civil War, Rebel Governance, and Political Regimes

Why do some countries emerge from civil war more democratic than when they entered into it, while others remain staunchly autocratic? Observers widely depict internal conflict as a pathway to autocracy or state failure, but in fact there is variation in post-civil war regimes. Conventional accounts focus on war outcomes and international peacebuilding, but Huang suggests that postwar regimes have wartime origins, notably in how rebel groups interact with ordinary people as part of war-making. War can have mobilizing effects when rebels engage extensively with civilian populations, catalyzing a bottom-up force for change toward greater political rights. Politics after civil war does not emerge from a blank slate, but reflects the war's institutional and social legacies. The Wartime Origins of Democratization explores these ideas through an original dataset of rebel governance and rigorous comparative case analysis. The findings have far-reaching implications for understanding wartime political orders, statebuilding, and international peacebuilding.
Psychophysiology Of Sleep Onset: Inferences Drawn From A Signal Detection Analysis Of Human Sleep-wake Discrimination

In a signal detection experiment designed to assess a normal sleeper's ability to discriminate polygraphic sleep from wakefulness, 10 normal sleepers participated in a 5night experimental protocol. A &point rating scale procedure was used with polygraphic wakefulness designated as the and polygraphic sleep designated as the &. Subjects were aroused from relaxed wakefulness, stage 2, slow wave, or REM sleep and asked whether they were awake or asleep prior to being aroused. They were then asked to rate the certainty of that decision on a scale of 1 to 3. Average Sleep-Operating Churactehtic (SOC) curves were generated and the area under each curve calculated for the non-parametric measure of sensitivity, P(A). The average P(A) value for the discrimination between wake and slow wave sleep was only slightly above chance discrimination, 0.652, and stood as a clear outlying value. Slow wave sleep (SWS) normally accumulates to its maximum during the first 2-hrs of the sleep period. This poor discrimination of SWS from relaxed wakefulness suggests that the underlying physiology at sleep onset and for the first few hours of the sleep period may play an important role in sleep perception.
Nanomolar-Potency Aminophenyl-1,3,5-triazine Activators of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Chloride Channel for Prosecretory Therapy of Dry Eye Diseases.

Dry eye disorders are a significant health problem for which limited therapeutic options are available. CFTR is a major prosecretory chloride channel at the ocular surface. We previously identified, by high-throughput screening, aminophenyl-1,3,5-triazine CFTRact-K089 (1) that activated CFTR with EC50 ≈ 250 nM, which when delivered topically increased tear fluid secretion in mice and showed efficacy in an experimental dry eye model. Here, functional analysis of aminophenyl-1,3,5-triazine analogs elucidated structure–activity relationships for CFTR activation and identified substantially more potent analogs than 1. The most potent compound, 12, fully activated CFTR chloride conductance with EC50 ≈ 30 nM, without causing cAMP or calcium elevation. 12 was rapidly metabolized by hepatic microsomes, which supports its topical use. Single topical administration of 25 pmol of 12 increased tear volume in wild-type mice with sustained action for 8 h and was without effect in CFTR-deficient mice. Topically delivere...
Learning to Drive — Early Exposure to End-of-Life Conversations in Medical Training

Sent to visit a chronically ill patient at home, a medical student finds that his inexperience can be a strength. Instead of worrying about the right words and how to say them, he learns how to listen — exactly what the patient needs as she faces end-of-life decisions.
Fair Winds and Following Seas, Shipmate: Michael W. Lewis, 1964-2015

Professor Lee, the Leitner Family Chair of International Law at Fordham Law School, pays tribute to the late Professor Michael W. Lewis of Ohio Northern University Pettit College of Law, his friend, classmate, and shipmate. In so doing, Lee describes major debates in the current international law of armed conflict, targeted killing, and U.S. foreign and national security policy.
In situ gas sensing with a 100 GHz CMOS spectrometer

A new instrument for in situ rotational spectroscopy of gases is presented. The design is based on the pulsed Fourier transform method of Balle-Flygare but operates at higher frequency than traditional microwave implementations. A semi-confocal cavity is an essential part of the new technology, which builds field strength for pumping rotational transitions. Details about the cavity quality factor and design are discussed. The cavity is combined with custom CMOS integrated circuits that synthesize, amplify, and mix the transmitter and receiver signals. Proof-of-concept laboratory measurements of molecular gases are presented. Incorporation in a comet surface sample return mission concept is discussed in detail. The sensor could be used in number of different planetary missions.
IEEE 802.11ay: Next-Generation 60 GHz Communication for 100 Gb/s Wi-Fi

The IEEE 802.11ad amendment to the 802.11 standard ratified in 2012 created the first multi- Gb/s Wi-Fi technology by using the large swath of unlicensed spectrum at the mm-Wave band. While enabling multi-Gb/s wireless local communications was a significant achievement, throughput and reliability requirements of new applications, such as augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) and wireless backhauling, exceed what 802.11ad can offer. For this reason, building upon IEEE 802.11ad, the IEEE 802.11 Task Group ay has recently defined new PHY and MAC specifications that enable 100 Gb/s communications through a number of technical advancements. In this article, we identify and describe the main design elements of IEEE 802.11ay, including MIMO, channel bonding, improved channel access, and enhanced beamforming training. For each of these elements, we discuss how their design is impacted by mm-Wave radio propagation characteristics and present enabling mechanisms defined in IEEE 802.11ay.
Effects of an Advisory Brochure on Fish Consumption of Urban Anglers in the Great Lakes Region

Past research has suggested that urban anglers are a group at high risk of being exposed to contaminants from fish consumption. Fish consumption advisories have been used in many regions to encourage healthy fish-eating behaviors, but few studies have been designed to assess whether these advisories actually influence behavior as intended. We conducted a large-scale, randomized experiment to test the influence of an advisory brochure on urban anglers' fish consumption. We collected detailed information on anglers' fish consumption in three urban counties in the Great Lakes region in the summers of 2014 and 2015. We provided a treatment group with fish consumption guidelines in an advisory brochure before the summer of 2015 and compared their change in fish consumption to a control group. The brochure led to a reduction in fish consumption for anglers who ate the most fish; these anglers reduced their consumption of high-contaminant purchased fish (by ≥0.2 meals/summer for those in 72nd percentile of fish consumption or above), high-contaminant sport-caught fish (by ≥0.4 meals/summer for those in 87th percentile and above), and low-contaminant sport-caught fish (by ≥0.3 meals/summer by those in 76th percentile and above). The brochure also reduced sport-caught fish consumption among those anglers who exceeded the advisories in 2014 (by 2.0 meals/summer). In addition, the brochure led to small increases in sport-caught fish consumption (0.4-0.6 meals/summer) in urban anglers who ate very little sport-caught fish (≤1 meal/summer).
#BlackDontCrack: a content analysis of the aging Black woman in social media

This paper examines how positive social media representations of aging Black female bodies problematize existing notions of aging as an almost uniformly negative phenomenon. Using the social media ...
Timing Characterization of Helium-4 Fast Neutron Detector with EJ-309 Organic Liquid Scintillator

Recently, the Helium-4 gas fast neutron scintillation detectors is being used in time-sensitive measurements, such time-of-flight and multiplicity counting. In this paper, a set of time aligned signals was acquired in a coincidence measurement using the Helium-4 gas detectors and EJ-309 liquid scintillators. The high-speed digitizer system is implanted with a trigger moving average window (MAW) unit combing with its constant fraction discriminator (CFD) feature. It can calculate a “time offset” to the timestamp value to get a higher resolution timestamp (up to 50 ps), which is better than the digitizer's time resolution (4 ns) [1]. The digitized waveforms were saved to the computer hard drive and post processed with digital analysis code to determine the difference of their arrival times. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the Gaussian fit was used as to examine the resolution. For the cascade decay of Cobalt-60 (1.17 and 1.33 MeV), the first version of the Helium-4 detector with two Hamamatsu R580 photomultipliers (PMT) installed at either end of the cylindrical gas chamber (20 cm in length and 4.4 cm in diameter) has a time resolution which is about 3.139 ns FWHM. With improved knowledge of the timing performance, the Helium-4 scintillation detectors are excellent for neutron energy spectrometry applications requiring high temporal and energy resolutions.
RNA Control by Photoreversible Acylation

External photocontrol over RNA function has emerged as a useful tool for studying nucleic acid biology. Most current methods rely on fully synthetic nucleic acids with photocaged nucleobases, limiting application to relatively short synthetic RNAs. Here we report a method to gain photocontrol over RNA by postsynthetic acylation of 2′-hydroxyls with photoprotecting groups. One-step introduction of these groups efficiently blocks hybridization, which is restored after light exposure. Polyacylation (termed cloaking) enables control over a hammerhead ribozyme, illustrating optical control of RNA catalytic function. Use of the new approach on a transcribed 237 nt RNA aptamer demonstrates the utility of this method to switch on RNA folding in a cellular context, and underlines the potential for application in biological studies.
High Spatial Order Energy Stable FDTD Methods for Maxwell’s Equations in Nonlinear Optical Media in One Dimension

In this paper, we consider electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in nonlinear optical media in one spatial dimension. We model the EM wave propagation by the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations coupled with a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the response of the medium to the EM waves. The nonlinearity in the ODEs describes the instantaneous electronic Kerr response and the residual Raman molecular vibrational response. The ODEs also include the single resonance linear Lorentz dispersion. For such model, we will design and analyze fully discrete finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods that have arbitrary (even) order in space and second order in time. It is challenging to achieve provable stability for fully discrete methods, and this depends on the choices of temporal discretizations of the nonlinear terms. In Bokil et al. (J Comput Phys 350:420–452, 2017), we proposed novel modifications of second-order leap-frog and trapezoidal temporal schemes in the context of discontinuous Galerkin methods to discretize the nonlinear terms in this Maxwell model. Here, we continue this work by developing similar time discretizations within the framework of FDTD methods. More specifically, we design fully discrete modified leap-frog FDTD methods which are proved to be stable under appropriate CFL conditions. These method can be viewed as an extension of the Yee-FDTD scheme to this nonlinear Maxwell model. We also design fully discrete trapezoidal FDTD methods which are proved to be unconditionally stable. The performance of the fully discrete FDTD methods are demonstrated through numerical experiments involving kink, antikink waves and third harmonic generation in soliton propagation.
OR22: LIGATION OF HLA CLASS II MOLECULES BY HLA ANTIBODIES INDUCES ENDOTHELIAL CELL PERMEABILITY AND MONOCYTE TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION

Aim Leukocyte extravasation plays a major rolein the development of allograft rejection and transplant vasculopathy and consists of multiple processes, including leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, transmigration, and loss of endothelial cell integrity causing barrier dysfunction. Ligation of HLA class I molecules by antibodies (Ab) elicits signaling events in endothelial cells (EC) leading to EC cell migration, proliferation and leukocyte recruitment. We hypothesize that ligation of HLA class II molecules on EC by Ab contributes to chronic rejection by transducing intracellular signaling cascades leading to cytoskeletal remodeling, increase in EC permeability and monocyte transmigration. Methods Class II expression on primary EC was achieved by infection with adenoviral recombinant Class II Transactivator (CIITA) subcloned in pAd/PL-DEST. EC were treated with murine mAb against class II (F26C6G1). Stress fiber formation was assessed using Texas Red-phalloidin staining. Protein phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot. Changes in EC permeability were measured by VE-cadherin staining and FITC-dextran permeability. Monocyte MM6 recruitment to EC was measured by immunofluorescence microscopy and monocyte transendothelial migration was determined using a transwell assay. Results Anti-class II Ab significantly increased ERK phosphorylation, stimulated stress fiber formation, reduced VE-cadherin localization in EC junctions and enhanced FITC-dextran permeability. ERK inhibitor UO126 pretreatment abrogated class II-induced stress fiber formation, reversed VE-cadherin expression in EC junctions, and attenuated class II-stimulated FITC-dextran permeability. In addition, treatment of EC with anti-class II antibodies induced a 2-4-fold increase in the recruitment and transmigration of monocytes, which was attenuated by treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 or recombinant PSGL1 that blocks monocyte capture. Conclusions Ab ligation of HLA class II molecules on EC stimulates activation of the ERK signaling pathway and actin cytoskeleton remodeling leading to barrier dysfunction and monocyte transendothelial migration. Elucidation of the class II signaling pathways has the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets for treatment of chronic rejection.
HORMONAL MEDIATION OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR

Publisher Summary Long-Evans hooded rats were selectively bred for differences in avoidance behavior by using two behavioral criteria: (1) limited responding to the warning signal during 10 pretest trials, and (2) either good or poor performance during 60 trials of active avoidance training in a two-way shuttlebox. Selection continued for 25 generations in the high avoidance line, syracuse high avoidance (SHA), and for 21 generations in the low avoidance line (SLA). Phenotypic differences were significant by the 5th generation and asymptotic by the 14th generation. In experiment 1 presented in this chapter, the animals were removed from the colony rooms and housed in individual cages for at least 48 hours prior to the experiment with food and water available at all times. In Experiment 2, half of the animals of each line were treated as in experiment 1. The frozen samples were thawed and precipitated protein was removed.
A Note on Teaching Non-Homogeneous Difference Equations

Solution of first order non-homogeneous difference equation is essential to understanding dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models and time series analysis in econometrics, particularly when working with processes with unit root. But the treatment of the subject in math econ texts is less than satisfactory. In this note, I suggest a way to teach the subject in an easy to grasp manner within less than a full class session.
Numerical Methods for Local Models

Numerical methods commonly used for solving ordinary differential equations, such as Euler and trapezoidal (both explicit and implicit), Runge–Kutta, and multistep methods are presented and compared with each other in terms of their accuracy and stability. The stability of any given method is shown to be a critical factor determining whether the method is useful. It is emphasized that numerical methods for conservative and nonconservative models must possess different stability features, and it is further shown that Runge–Kutta methods possess both of these features. The idea of methods with an adaptive step size is described. The phenomenon of numerical stiffness is explained. Suitable built-in commands of MATLAB are mentioned, and an example of their usage is given.
STS, Meet Data Science, Once Again:

Science and technology studies (STS) and the emerging field of data science share surprising elective affinities. At the growing intersections of these fields, there will be many opportunities and not a few thorny difficulties for STS scholars. First, I discuss how both fields frame the rollout of data science as a simultaneously social and technical endeavor, even if in distinct ways and for diverging purposes. Second, I discuss the logic of domains in contemporary computer, information, and data science circles. While STS is often agnostic about the borders between the sciences or with industry and state—occasionally taking those boundaries as an object of study—data science takes those boundaries as its target to overcome. These two elective affinities present analytic and practical challenges for STS but also opportunities for engagement. Overall, in addition to these typifications, I urge STS scholars to strategically position themselves to investigate and contribute to the breadth of transformations...
Meta-analysis of prognostic parameters in primary (PAS) and secondary (SAS) breast angiosarcoma.

e23525Background: PAS and SAS are very rare tumors that share similar clinical presentations despite biological difference. Literature provides scarce and often conflicting description of variables...
Pupil plane differential detection microscopy

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful technique for imaging phase objects in transparent samples but does not work with scattering samples. This Letter, to the best of our knowledge, describes a new technique for obtaining DIC-like phase-gradient images in scattering media based on differential detection of forward-scattered light, using detectors arranged in a ring configuration around the microscope objective pupil or its conjugate pupil plane. This method, called pupil plane differential detection (P2D2) microscopy, does not need polarization optics or a confocal pinhole, yet produces images that are free of speckles and interference noises. We compared the P2D2 imaging technique with reflectance confocal microscopy and demonstrated P2D2 as a simple add-on to conventional laser scanning microscopes.
Obstructive sleep apnea and perioperative delirium among thoracic surgery intensive care unit patients: perspective on the STOP-BANG questionnaire and postoperative outcomes

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disease (DSM-5), delirium is an acute fluctuating disturbance in attention and awareness. Due to physiologic perturbations, delirium results in cerebral dysfunction and cognitive impairment (1). Among hospitalized patients delirium is associated with increased morbidity, length of stay (LOS), costs and mortality (2). Moreover, there is evidence that patients who develop delirium experience an accelerated degree of long-term cognitive decline compared to those that do not experience delirium while hospitalized (3). In their paper, “Preoperative STOP-BANG Scores and Postoperative Delirium and Coma in Thoracic Surgery Patients,” Wang and colleagues sought to assess the relationships between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), delirium and postoperative outcomes among thoracic surgery intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
CHAPTER 3 – Social Proof Structures: The Dialectic of Method and Theory in the Work of Psychology

“The great crucial books of human thought–outside what are called the exact sciences, and perhaps something of the sort is true even here–always render articulate the results of fundamental new experiences to which human beings have had to adjust themselves.
Evaluation of permeability damage for stressed coal with cyclic loading: An experimental study

Abstract Permeability and its evolution directly control the flow behaviors of the subsurface energy fluid extractions. Coalbed is known as a fractured, dual-porous media, and whose permeability is directly related to effective stress and the manner of stress loaded and unloaded. Coal has been historically treated as a transverse isotropic media and the permeability can also be influenced by the sorption induced deformations. As a cleat-rich porous medium, coal is potentially bearing various loading paths, such as fracturing, mining and natural geological tectonics activities. The permeability variation under cyclic loading and different stress paths is crucial for the engineering design for both mining and gas extractions from coal seams. The pulse-decay method was employed to estimate the permeability of cylinder coal specimen. An average permeability damage concept with a complete loading-unloading cycle is introduced to quantify the effects of maximum stress, loading path, holding time period, and gas type on permeability evolution. It was demonstrated that the permeability hysteresis occurred during the cyclic loading-unloading, and that the average permeability damage was subject to the loading-unloading paths. The average permeability damage for the coal specimen is more sensitive to maximum loading stress and the loading-unloading path compared to gas injection pore pressure and the holding period. Gas adsorption induced swelling dramatically reduced the initial permeability and average permeability damage during cyclic loading. The permeability evolution was analyzed through poroelastic theory coupled with the matrix shrinkage concept. When applied to permeability and stress relationship, Biot's coefficient should be cautiously applied for coal reservoir because it could be larger than unity when the adsorption induced non-elastic swelling is considered, and it even could be negative when the irreversible cleats closure is considered.
Modular performance prediction for scientific workflows using Machine Learning

Abstract Scientific workflows provide an opportunity for declarative computational experiment design in an intuitive and efficient way. A distributed workflow is typically executed on a variety of resources, and it uses a variety of computational algorithms or tools to achieve the desired outcomes. Such a variety imposes additional complexity in scheduling these workflows on large scale computers. As computation becomes more distributed, insights into expected workload that a workflow presents become critical for effective resource allocation. In this paper, we present a modular framework that leverages Machine Learning for creating precise performance predictions of a workflow. The central idea is to partition a workflow in such a way that makes the task of forecasting each atomic unit manageable and gives us a way to combine the individual predictions efficiently. We recognize a combination of an executable and a specific physical resource as a single module. This gives us a handle to characterize workload and machine power as a single unit of prediction. Our modular technique of creating atomic modules and deployment of longest-path approach to estimate workflow performance, allows the framework to adapt to highly complex nested directed acyclic workflows and scale to new scenarios, since it does not make assumptions of underlying workflow structure. We present performance estimation results of independent workflow modules executed on the XSEDE SDSC Comet cluster using various Machine Learning algorithms. The results provide insights into the behavior and effectiveness of different algorithms in the context of scientific workflow performance prediction.
A clinical study of tremelimumab alone or in combination with olaparib in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

6045Background: Single agent immunotherapy (IO) has shown only modest clinical activity for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The combination of anti-programmed death-1 and PARP inhibitors showed pr...
Impact of Student Emotions and Attitudes in L2 Spanish Beginner Students in Chattanooga State Community College (Preliminary Results)

This article discusses preliminary results in a doctoral investigation aimed at measuring the impact of beginner student emotions and attitudes on their journey through the Spanish as a second language program at Chattanooga State Community College. One of the working hypotheses is that having a negative attitude about the Spanish language and its speakers in the United States impacts students’ decisions to enroll in the program. Once enrolled, anxiety and enjoyment will correlate (the first negatively, the second positively) with student retention and success. However, the institution can intervene positively in enrollment through global and cultural awareness instruction. In turn, Spanish as a second language faculty can have a positive impact in student private and public enjoyment in the Spanish classroom by utilizing emotional intelligence and engaging classroom strategies, thereby increasing student retention and success.
Characterization of aminobenzylphenols as protein disulfide isomerase inhibitors in glioblastoma cell lines

Disulfide bond formation is a critical post-translational modification of newly synthesized polypeptides in the oxidizing environment of the endoplasmic reticulum and is mediated by protein disulfide isomerase (PDIA1). In this study, we report a series of α-aminobenzylphenol analogues as potent PDI inhibitors. The lead compound, AS15, is a covalent nanomolar inhibitor of PDI, and the combination of AS15 analogues with glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) leads to synergistic cell growth inhibition. Using nascent RNA sequencing, we show that an AS15 analogue triggers the unfolded protein response in glioblastoma cells. A BODIPY-labeled analogue binds proteins including PDIA1, suggesting that the compounds are cell-permeable and reach the intended target. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an extensive biochemical characterization of a novel series of highly potent reactive small molecules that covalently bind to PDI.
Physicochemical Factors That Influence the Deoxygenation of Oxyanions in Atomically Precise, Oxygen-Deficient Vanadium Oxide Assemblies.

Here, we report our findings related to the structural and electronic considerations that influence the rate of oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) to oxygen-deficient polyoxovanadate alkoxide (POV-alkoxide...
Acid Neutralization Through Diet: Food Is Medicine – It’s Not Only What Comes Up; It’s What Goes Down

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease has traditionally been treated with medication. This chapter reviews a dietary approach utilizing acid neutralization through food. Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease is reviewed in the context of a mechanistic approach to treatment by counteracting acidity of food intake with more alkaline food materials.
An examination of the unintended consequences of the legalization of recreational marijuana on alcohol-related behaviors

This paper focuses on the unintended consequences of the legalization of recreational marijuana within the state of Colorado. Toward this end, we examine the impact of our intervention series on ta...
Molecular Targets and Strategies for Inhibition of the Bacterial Type III Secretion System (T3SS); Inhibitors Directly Binding to T3SS Components

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence apparatus used by many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to cause infections. Pathogens utilizing a T3SS are responsible for millions of infections yearly. Since many T3SS knockout strains are incapable of causing systemic infection, the T3SS has emerged as an attractive anti-virulence target for therapeutic design. The T3SS is a multiprotein molecular syringe that enables pathogens to inject effector proteins into host cells. These effectors modify host cell mechanisms in a variety of ways beneficial to the pathogen. Due to the T3SS's complex nature, there are numerous ways in which it can be targeted. This review will be focused on the direct targeting of components of the T3SS, including the needle, translocon, basal body, sorting platform, and effector proteins. Inhibitors will be considered a direct inhibitor if they have a binding partner that is a T3SS component, regardless of the inhibitory effect being structural or functional.
Breast Cancer, HER2 Mutations, and Overcoming Drug Resistance.

HER2-Mutated Breast Cancer and Resistance to TKI A recent study suggests that HER2-mutated breast cancer may develop resistance to drugs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase domain of HER2 through deve...
A Theory of Dynamical Ferroelectricity

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses theory of dynamical ferroelectricity. The theory takes into account the transient effects because of domain switching and dipole dynamics. A specific representation is derived for departures from the virgin state, which is taken to be a natural reference state, and allows for changes in material symmetry because of domain switching and dipole dynamics. Ferroelectric ceramics are fairly complex materials which exhibit spontaneous polarization in their natural states below their Curie temperatures. The unit cell dipoles of the materials may be effectively aligned via the application of uni-directional electric fields of sufficient magnitude and duration. These materials are then said to be poled and they exhibit remanent polarization. In the poled states ferroelectric ceramics are electromechanically active, and have found numerous applications, such as transducers, sonars, and filters. These applications make use of the reversible responses of the ceramics.