cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Narcissism in two forms: implications for the practicing psychoanalyst

There has been a great deal of controversy expressed in the recent psychoanalytic literature as to the etiology and treatment of patients with narcissistic personality disorders. The mos* intense disagreement has been centered around the largely contradictory theories of Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg. The clinically important distinctions between these two theories are outlined in this article. They include the differential importance each theory places on aggression in the etiology of narcissism and resistance in the treatment of narcissistic patients. A basic difference between these theories is the model they adopt for the understanding of the development of narcissistic pathology generally; with Kohut advocating a developmental arrest pomt of view, and Kernberg advancing a theory more consistent with classical psychoanalysis, that of an instinctual or structural conflict. This article contends that the understanding of the narcissistic patient can be greatly aided by recognizing that each of these theories correctly assesses and treats a specific form of narcissistic pathology. Clinical data from the psychoanalytic treatments of two narcissistic patients are presented. As is indicated by this clinical material, cues that the practicing psychonalyst can employ in making the important distinction between the two forms of narcissism are offered. They include (a) the patient's response to the analyst's empathic interventions, and (b) the analyst's countertransference in relation to being an "audience" to the narcissistic patient. It is also suggested that there is a difference between patients with these two forms of narcissism in the way they convey aggressive material in the treatment situation.
Clinical relevance of internal mammary node mapping as a guide to radiation therapy.

Abstract Background: The surgical management of breast cancer has changed markedly with the development of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. Lymphatic mapping technique varies with respect to injection method, mapping agent, and surgical technique. The decision to pursue the internal mammary nodes (IMN) is another source of controversy. Methods: From April 1998 to November 2000, 1,470 patients underwent lymphatic mapping for breast cancer and were prospectively entered into the breast database. The combined technique method was used, consisting of both isosulfan blue dye and technetium-99 labeled sulfur colloid. Patients with inner quadrant lesions and suspicion for internal mammary metastasis had preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. Those with internal mammary radioactivity noted by either lymphoscintigraphy or gamma probe underwent removal of the internal mammary sentinel nodes. Results: Thirty-six of the 1,470 (2.4%) patients mapped had at least 1 internal mammary lymph node removed. Inner quadrant lesions were present in 24 of the 36 (67%) IMN mapped patients. Of the 36 patients mapping to the IM area, 5 (14%) had at least 1 IM node positive. Two of the 5 (40%) had only IM metastasis, with 1 of these patients having 5 of 5 IMN positive and no disease detected in her axilla. A total of 2 of the 5 (40%) IM positive patients had more than 1 IMN positive. Twenty-eight of the 36 (78%) IM node harvested patients had preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, with 18 (64%) IMN appearing on imaging. Complications occurred in 3 of the 36 (8%) IMN mapped patients, without clinical significance. Conclusions: Mapping to the IMN basin with the finding of metastasis results in N3 disease by the current staging system. The consequence for these patients is radiation therapy to the IMN basin. It is significant to note that 14% (5 of 36) were upstaged as result of IMN detection and 40% (2 of 5) had multiple positive IMNs. Substantial disease was detected in these 5 patients necessitating additional radiation therapy while avoiding IM radiation and its attendant complications in 86% of patients mapping to the IM basin.
Effects of Channel Catfish Farming on Water Quality and Flow in an Alabama Stream

Big Prairie Creek, Hale County, Alabama, receives overflow and draining effluent from about 5,000 ha of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, ponds. Tributary streams receiving effluent directly from ponds were higher in concentrations of suspended solids, turbidity, nutrients, and biochemical oxygen demand than Big Prairie Creek, and these variables increased from upstream to downstream stations in Big Prairie Creek. Nevertheless, water quality in Big Prairie Creek was good at the last downstream station, and concentrations of variables did not exceed water quality criteria required by the stream classification system. Six reference streams in the same eco-region as Big Prairie Creek, but without channel catfish farms on their watersheds, had concentrations of most water quality variables similar to those found in the downstream reaches of Big Prairie Creek. Findings suggest that channel catfish farming has not had a great impact on water quality in Big Prairie Creek. Although catfish farms occupy 7.5% o...
Id4 expression and its relationship to other Id genes during avian embryonic development

We present the sequence and expression pattern of chick Id4 and compare its distribution to that of other vertebrate Id genes. At early stages, Id4 expression is discrete, with transcript transiently expressed in subsets of migrating neural crest cells, the dorsal myocardium, the segmental plate mesoderm, and the tail bud. Later, expression is also observed in the telencephalic vesicles and corneal epithelium. Of all the Id genes, Id4 exhibits the most restricted pattern in the developing nervous system, with little expression in the presumptive neural crest or placodes. Id4 appears in the neural tube much later than other Id genes. However, all four Id genes display overlapping patterns in the branchial arches and tail bud.
Active complex event processing: applications in real-time health care

Our analysis of many real-world event based applications has revealed that existing Complex Event Processing technology (CEP), while effective for efficient pattern matching on event stream, is limited in its capability of reacting in realtime to opportunities and risks detected or environmental changes. We are the first to tackle this problem by providing active rule support embedded directly within the CEP engine, henceforth called Active Complex Event Processing technology, or short, Active CEP. We design the Active CEP model and associated rule language that allows rules to be triggered by CEP system state changes and correctly executed during the continuous query process. Moreover we design an Active CEP infrastructure, that integrates the active rule component into the CEP kernel, allowing fine-grained and optimized rule processing. We demonstrate the power of Active CEP by applying it to the development of a collaborative project with UMass Medical School, which detects potential threads of infection and reminds healthcare workers to perform hygiene precautions in real-time.
A function for the vitamin E metabolite α-tocopherol quinone as an essential enzyme cofactor for the mitochondrial fatty acid desaturases

A critical analysis of the changes in fatty acid patterns and their metabolism elicited by vitamin E deficiency leads to the proposal that a major role of dietary RRR-α-tocopherol (α-TOC) is as an enzymatic precursor of α-tocopherolquinone (α-TQ) whose semiquinone radical functions as an essential enzyme cofactor for the fatty acid desaturases of the recently elucidated carnitine-dependent, channeled, mitochondrial desaturation-elongation pathway; a detailed mechanism for its function is proposed. Pathophysiological states produced by vitamin E deficiency and α-TOC transfer protein defects, such as ataxia, myopathy, retinopathy, and sterility are proposed to develop from the effects of impaired α-TQ-dependent desaturases and the resulting deficiency of their polyenoic fatty acid products.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methanol in rats, monkeys, and humans.

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of methanol and formate were characterized in male Fischer-344 rats and rhesus monkeys exposed to methanol vapor concentrations between 50 and 2000 ppm for 6 hr. End-of-exposure blood methanol concentrations were not directly proportional to the atmospheric concentration. The methanol exposures did not cause an elevation in blood formate concentrations. After an intravenous dose of [14C]methanol in rats, metabolism, exhalation, and renal excretion contributed 96.6, 2.6, and 0.8%, respectively, to the elimination of blood methanol concentrations. These values and the calculated renal methanol extraction efficiency (0.007) are nearly identical to those for humans after low doses of methanol. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to simulate the in vivo data. In order to simulate the observed blood methanol concentrations in the inhalation studies in rats, a double pathway for methanol metabolism to formaldehyde was used. One path used rodent catalase Km and Vmax values and the other used a smaller Km and Vmax to simulate an enzyme with a higher affinity and lower capacity. The lack of proportionality observed in end-of-exposure blood methanol concentrations may be due to saturation of an enzyme with higher affinity and lower capacity than catalase. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was modified to simulate the monkey data and was scaled-up for humans. In order to simulate the monkey blood methanol concentrations, the use of rodent catalase parameters for methanol metabolism was required. This finding suggests that primates and rodents may be similar in the initial step of methanol metabolism after low methanol doses. Previously published human urinary methanol excretion data was successfully simulated by the model. The models were used to predict the atmospheric methanol concentration range over which the laboratory species exhibit quantitative similarities with humans. Below 1200 ppm, all three species exhibit similar end-of-exposure blood methanol concentrations and a linear relationship between atmospheric and blood methanol concentrations. At higher atmospheric concentrations, external and internal methanol concentrations increase disparately, suggesting that delivered dose rather than exposure concentration should be used in interpreting data from high-dose studies.
Effects of a wind-driven cross-shelf large river plume on biological production and CO2 uptake on the Gulf of Mexico during spring

The plume of Mississippi and Atchafalaya River system (MARS) is normally confined to the continental shelf and extends westward. During March 2010, while weather in North America was dominated by unusually low temperatures and winter storms in conjunction with large low-pressure systems, we observed an unusually broad extension of the MARS plume. Winds favorable for offshore transport along with high freshwater discharge contributed to a widespread MARS plume, which was statistically different from those normally occurring in spring. A strong relationship was observed between the location of this widespread plume and a reduced partial pressure of carbon dioxide () and elevated satellite-derived chlorophyll a. Furthermore, in the plume was reduced by 6.3 Pa (62 ppm) in March 2010 in contrast to a reduction of only 2.4 Pa in April 2009, thus exhibiting a greater CO2 uptake capacity in March 2010. This wide plume also covered at least twice the area and was a stronger CO2 sink by a factor of five when compared to more typical plume conditions in April 2009. Extending across the Louisiana shelf to the pelagic ocean, this widespread MARS plume encompassed regions that would normally exhibit nearly net zero air-sea CO2 exchange and resulted instead in a strong net sink for atmospheric CO2. Our findings demonstrate that regional weather-associated variations in wind forcing and river discharge may be important in influencing air-sea CO2 fluxes in marginal sea environments.
Clinical care and conversational contingencies: The role of patients' self-diagnosis in medical encounters

Patients' understanding of the origins and consequences of their medical problems (self-diagnosis) has historically been viewed by social scientists as either an asymmetry in role relations (physicians are high status and have access to technical understanding; patients are of variable status and do not really understand what is wrong with them), or as an effect of cognition (health beliefs) on health care processes and outcomes. Recent efforts to understand the medical encounter as a speech event have yielded important insights about how physicians and patients communicate with one another. The role of patient self-diagnosis in the encounter remains under-researched, however. Using a case example, in which an unstated difference in perspectives between a patient and provider regarding her diagnosis was followed by the patient's suicide, three social psychological theories of physician-patient communication are reviewed to see how they deepen understanding of the case. Based on interactional evidence from the third approach, micro-interactional analysis, two key observations are offered. The first comes from evidence based on the initial data gathering segment of the encounter. Here, in an experimental manipulation involving standardized patients being interviewed by second-year medical students, it is shown that eliciting patients' self-diagnosis (attribution) systematically leads to more complete and accurate diagnoses. The second observation is that physicians' delivery of diagnostic information' at the conclusion of the visit is contingent upon the patient's initial statement of concerns, including attribution whether stated or unstated, and the range of questions and topics pursued by the clinician between the statement of the problem and the delivery of diagnosis. A lack of agreement or alignment between the problem statement and the proposed solution can result in outright or unstated rejection of the diagnostic news, as detailed analysis of two cases reveal
The asymptotic distribution of the instrumental variable estimators when the instruments are not correlated with the regressors

Abstract When the instruments are irrelevant, the IV estimator is neither consistent nor asymptotically normal. This paper calculates the mean of its asymptotic distribution and shows that it equals the probability limit of the OLS estimator.
Metabolic inhibitors and mitosis: I. Effects of dinitrophenol/deoxyglucose and nocodazole on the live spindle

Dinitrophenol and deoxyglucose (DNP/DOG) were used to investigate the effects of ATP depletion on mitotic PtK1 cells. Direct determination of cellular ATP levels showed that the drop of ATP induced by DNP/DOG was rapid; recovery to normal ATP levels was equally rapid once DNP/DOG was removed. On addition of DNP/DOG to live cells, cytoplasmic activity ceased; interphase and prophase cells showed little other response to DNP/DOG. During prometaphase, DNP/DOG induced a pronounced movement of oscillating, monopolar chromosomes towards the spindle poles. As chromosomes became bipolarly attached, DNP/DOG caused the spindle poles themselves to move together. By metaphase, DNP/DOG-treatment led to significant shortening of the spindle which remained intact. DNP/DOG rapidly stopped anaphase chromosome movement and cytokinesis. Nocodazole (NOC) caused the rapid breakdown of the mitotic spindle; prometaphase chromosomes clustered at the poles and in metaphase cells, the poles were drawn towards the chromosomes as the spindle became disorganized. When cells were pretreated with DNP/DOG and then NOC/DNP/DOG, nocodazole did not break down the spindle. When nocodazole was applied first to break down spindle MTs then DNP/DOG was added to the nocodazole, a second contraction was often induced by the DNP/DOG in the absence of spindle microtubules (MTs). Chromosomes expanded appreciably outwards from the poles when the DNP/DOG was removed, even when the cells remained in nocodazole.
Study of hotspot cooling using electrowetting on dielectric digital microfluidic system

This paper presents a novel digital microfluidic (DMF) liquid cooling system using electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) developed for demonstrating and studying hotspot cooling towards electronics thermal management. The merits of this cooling system lie in the fact that no mechanically moving parts such as valves, pumps and fans are required to achieve cooling pumping, thus having smaller form factor than bulky heat pipes and other conventional cooling systems. This study reveals close profiles of temperature change during coolant drop motion over hotspot as well as importance of phase-change cooling around the meniscus of the droplet.
A study of the mechanism for NOx reduction with ethanol on γ-alumina supported silver

A multistep mechanism has been elucidated for the reduction of NOx in the presence of added ethanol over Ag/γ-Al2O3 at 320 °C. Under these conditions, ethanol principally reacts with oxygen to form acetaldehyde. Surface acetate ions, which are formed from adsorbed acetaldehyde, react with NO2 to yield nitromethane. Evidence is presented indicating that the aci-anion of nitromethane is an intermediate. In contrast, NOx reduction with ethanol over Ag/γ-Al2O3 at 200 °C is inefficient, because surface acetate ions are much less reactive at 200 °C than at 320 °C. At 200 °C, the dominant pathway for ethanol oxidation is reaction with NO2, producing ethyl nitrite, which decomposes into a number of products, including N2O, which is stable under reaction conditions. On the basis of these mechanistic data, conditions can be defined under which NOx reduction with ethanol may be viable.
Simulation of marker assisted selection in hybrid populations

A computer model is developed that simulates Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in a population produced by a cross between two inbred lines. Selection is based on an index that incorporates both phenotypic and molecular information. Molecular markers contributing to the index and their relative weights are determined by multiple regression of individual phenotype on the markers. The model is applied to investigate the efficiency of MAS as affected by several factors including total number of markers in the genome, number of markers contributing to the index, population size and heritability of the character. It is demonstrated that selection based on genetic markers can effectively utilize the linkage disequilibrium between genetic markers and QTLs created by crossing inbred lines. Selection is more efficient if markers contributing to the index are re-evaluated each generation than if they are evaluated only once. Increasing the total number of markers in the genome as well as the number of markers contributing to the index does not necessarily result in a higher efficiency of selection. Moreover, too many markers may result in a weaker response to selection. Population size is shown to be the most important factor affecting the efficiency of MAS.
Coupling semiconductor nanocrystals to high-Q silica microspheres: cavity QED of quantum dots

Summary form only given. We have developed a novel QD microcavity by coupling core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals resonantly to whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of a silica microsphere. We have shown that this composite microcavity system features a photon lifetime of order 0.1 Js, corresponding to Q-factors of order 10/sup 8/, four to five orders of magnitude greater than that of other semiconductor microcavities. The extremely high-Q factors along with the very small mode volume allow us to achieve for the first time to our knowledge the good cavity limit of cavity QED of QDs, thus providing a model system for investigating effects of quantum transitions and decoherence in single QDs.
Visceral Difference: Variations in Feeling (Slow) Food

This paper responds to concerns over a lack of diversity in alternative food movements by entertaining the possibility of understanding difference as a visceral process—a process of bodily feeling/sensation. Participatory research within and around the Slow Food (SF) movement reveals the complex role of feelings in motivating food actions and activism. On the whole, the cocreated data from this research illustrate that food is never ingested by itself: in the body, molecular connections develop between food and a countless array of other factors. Thus, food and food movements come to feel differently in different bodies as a result of inner-connected biological and social forces. In paying attention to such biosocial processes alternative food movements like SF may develop new under-standings as to why they activate some people to participate in alternative food practices while chilling others. Accordingly the paper suggests that attentiveness to visceral feeling could enhance the ability of food movement...
New algorithms for generation of notches in PWM waveforms using linear block codes

The authors describe a method for the elimination of harmonics in pulse-width-modulation (PWM) waveforms using the algebra of linear block digital codes which substitutes harmonic generator polynomials, with zero and unity coefficients, for the nonlinear equations required in Fourier series harmonic elimination. The method shows that a single polynomial can be defined to eliminate a very large set of harmonics. Transcendental equations obtained in PWM waveform harmonic elimination using Fourier series of linear algebraic equations using Walsh series are replaced by linear block codes. One generator vector may cancel unwanted harmonics. The software is very simple; memory requirements are greatly reduced; and advances in microprocessor technology and speed make this mmm most advantageous for harmonic elimination in real-time systems. >
An anaerobic bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, uses a consortium of enzymes to scavenge hydrogen peroxide

Abstract Obligate anaerobes are periodically exposed to oxygen, and it has been conjectured that on such occasions their low-potential biochemistry will predispose them to rapid ROS formation. We sought to identify scavenging enzymes that might protect the anaerobe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron from the H2 O2 that would be formed. Genetic analysis of eight candidate enzymes revealed that four of these scavenge H2 O2 in vivo: rubrerythrins 1 and 2, AhpCF, and catalase E. The rubrerythrins served as key peroxidases under anoxic conditions. However, they quickly lost activity upon aeration, and AhpCF and catalase were induced to compensate. The AhpCF is an NADH peroxidase that effectively degraded low micromolar levels of H2 O2 , while the catalytic cycle of catalase enabled it to quickly degrade higher concentrations that might arise from exogenous sources. Using a non-scavenging mutant we verified that endogenous H2 O2 formation was much higher in aerated B. thetaiotaomicron than in Escherichia coli. Indeed, the OxyR stress response to H2 O2 was induced when B. thetaiotaomicron was aerated, and in that circumstance this response was necessary to forestall cell death. Thus aeration is a serious threat for this obligate anaerobe, and to cope it employs a set of defences that includes a repertoire of complementary scavenging enzymes.
Practical filtering with sequential parameter learning

Summary. The paper develops a simulation-based approach to sequential parameter learning and filtering in general state space models. Our approach is based on approximating the target posterior by a mixture of fixed lag smoothing distributions. Parameter inference exploits a sufficient statistic structure and the methodology can be easily implemented by modifying state space smoothing algorithms. We avoid reweighting particles and hence sample degeneracy problems that plague particle filters that use sequential importance sampling. The method is illustrated by using two examples: a benchmark auto-regressive model with observation error and a high dimensional dynamic spatiotemporal model. We show that the method provides accurate inference in the presence of outliers, model misspecification and high dimensionality.
Leaving Moderate Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation Alone at the Time of Pulmonary Valve Replacement: A Worthwhile Approach.

Background Pulmonary valve disruption in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and congenital pulmonary stenosis often results in pulmonary insufficiency, right ventricular dilation, and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Management of functional tricuspid regurgitation at the time of subsequent pulmonary valve replacement remains controversial. Our aims were to (1) analyze tricuspid valve function after pulmonary valve replacement through midterm follow-up and (2) determine the benefits, if any, of concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty. Methods Thirty-five patients with tetralogy of Fallot or congenital pulmonary stenosis were analyzed. All patients had been palliated in childhood by disrupting the pulmonary valve, and all patients had at least moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation at the time of subsequent pulmonary valve replacement. Preoperative and serial postoperative echocardiograms were analyzed. Pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation, along with right ventricular dilation and dysfunction were scored as 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), and 3 (severe). Right ventricular volume and area were also calculated. Comparisons were made between patients who underwent pulmonary valve replacement alone and those who underwent concomitant tricuspid valve annuloplasty. Results At 1 month after pulmonary valve replacement, there were significant reductions in pulmonary valve regurgitation (mean 3 vs 0.39, p p p = 0.81). However, at latest follow-up (mean 7.0 ± 2.8 years), the degree of tricuspid regurgitation was significantly higher in the concomitant annuloplasty group (mean 1.87 vs 1.12, p = 0.005). Conclusions In patients with at least moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation, significant improvement in tricuspid valve function and right ventricular size occurs in the first postoperative month after pulmonary valve replacement, irrespective of concomitant tricuspid valve annuloplasty. The tricuspid valve appears to function better over the midterm if annuloplasty is not performed.
Evaluating Community-Based Collaboration on Federal Lands and Resources

The growing interest in community-based collaboration (CBC) has provoked both enthusiasm and skepticism. This article sheds some light on the claims of both proponents and skeptics by presenting data on nearly 50 cases of CBC on federal lands and resources in the Rocky Mountain West. The findings indicate that participants are generally satisfied with the process and outcomes of CBC; CBC tends to open and inclusive of all interests, viewpoints, and stakeholders; CBC fosters informed decision making; CBC is efficient in terms of time and money; CBC produces valuable outcomes; CBC is often better than its alternatives; and CBC is slowly realigning the roles of citizens and public officials. This article also offers some insights on evaluating collaboration.
Serre's conjecture over F9

In this paper we show that an odd Galois representation ?P?I : Gal( ?PQ/Q) ?? GL2(F9) having nonsolvable image and satisfying certain local conditions at 3 and 5 is modular. Our main tools are ideas of Taylor [21] and Khare [10], which reduce the problem to that of exhibiting points on a Hilbert modular surface which are defined over a solvable extension of Q, and which satisfy certain reduction properties. As a corollary, we show that Hilbert-Blumenthal abelian surfaces with ordinary reduction at 3 and 5 are modular.
White matter microstructural recovery with abstinence and decline with relapse in alcohol dependence interacts with normal ageing: a controlled longitudinal DTI study.

Summary Background Alcohol dependence exacts a toll on brain white matter microstructure, which has the potential of repair with prolonged sobriety. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables in-vivo quantification of tissue constituents and localisation of tracts potentially affected in alcohol dependence and its recovery. We did an extended longitudinal study of alcoholism's trajectory of effect on selective fibre bundles with sustained sobriety or decline with relapse. Methods Participants were drawn from a longitudinal, 1·5T DTI database of 841 scans of individuals with various medical or neuropsychiatric conditions and normal ageing. Participants diagnosed with alcohol dependence had to meet the criteria from DSM-IV for alcohol dependence. Controls were screened and free of any DSM-IV axis I diagnosis, including being without history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) quantified white matter integrity throughout the brain in 47 alcohol-dependent individuals and 56 controls examined 2–5 times over 1–8 year intervals. We identified regions showing group differences with a white matter atlas. For macrostructural comparison, we measured corpus callosum and centrum semiovale volumes on MRI. Findings This study took place in the USA, between June 23, 2000, and Sept 6, 2011. TBSS identified a large cluster (threshold p 5 kg of alcohol/year). Despite abnormally low FA, age trajectories of the abstainers were positive and progressing toward normality, whereas those of the relapsers and controls were negative. Axial diffusivity (lower values indexing myelin integrity) was abnormally high in the total alcohol-dependent group; however, the abstainers' slopes paralleled those of controls, whereas the heavy-drinking relapsers' slopes showed accelerated ageing. Callosal genu and body microstructure but not macrostructure showed untoward alcohol-related effects. Affected projection and association tracts had an anterior and superior neuroanatomical distribution. Interpretation Return to heavy drinking resulted in accelerating microstructural white matter damage. Despite evidence for damage, alcohol-dependent individuals maintaining sobriety over extended periods showed improvement in brain fibre tract integrity reflective of fibre reorganisation and myelin restoration, indicative of a neural mechanism explaining recovery. Funding US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA012388, AA017168, AA005965, AA013521-INIA).
Color Changes in Pollen and Spores: A Review

The absence of land-plant-type spores from a number of Silurian, and some Ordovician, samples is attributed to original absence; prelithification and postlithification oxidation and postlithification weathering; and alteration and destruction involving chiefly thermochemical (heat), piezochemical (shear), and possibly radiochemical (radiation) reactions. Energy for thermal alteration and destruction (conversion to amorphous carbon and to graphite) may be generated geothermally (related to sedimentary or tectonic overburden) or by igneous activity (volcanic or intrusive), or it may be, though not invariably is, generated by tectonic activity involving folding, faulting, and shearing. Superheated steam, originating geothermally or as a result of igneous or tectonic activity, may be a potential source of heat for the thermal darkening or destruction of spores. Shear that results in physical as well as piezochemical alteration of spores and pollen may be provided, respectively, by overburden pressure or tectonic pressure. High temperatures need not be a factor. The decay of radiogenic isotopes may alter spores and pollen if radioactive minerals are present in adequate concentrations in microfossil-bearing rocks. Shrinkage cracks developed in strongly devolatilized organic microfossils and fracturing of organic microfossils during tectonic activity both contribute to the difficulty of retrieving altered microfossils from rock samples. Brittle, highly altered microfossils are also easily broken during extraction of rock samples. Fossil specimens that are sufficiently fragmented by these means are no longer recognizable, and hence for practical purposes, they are “absent” in the rock unit. Because the color of organic matter is a function of its decomposition, regional color plots of organic microfossils appear to have potential for predicting the properties of petroleum in the same way that they have been used to predict the properties of coal.
N,N‐Dimethyl 4‐(Di(tert‐butyl)phosphino)aniline (Ata‐phos)

[932710-63-9] C16H28NP (MW 265.37) InChI = 1S/C16H28NP/c1-15(2,3)18(16(4,5)6)14-11-9-13(10-12-14)17(7)8/h9-12H,1-8H3 InChIKey = IQTHEAQKKVAXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (ligand employed in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions) Alternate Names: (4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl)di-tert-butyl phosphine; Ata-phos (sometimes referred to as A-phos or Amp-phos, although other ligands in the literature have also been given such abbreviated names). Physical Data: mp 57–61 °C. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white to tan, powder, crystals, crystalline powder, solid, and/or chunks; commercially available. Also commercially available as the preformed Pd–ligand complexes PdCl2(Ata-phos)2 and Pd(Ata-phos)2. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, elemental analysis. Preparative Method: Pd(dba)2-catalyzed cross-coupling of di(tert-butyl)phosphine and 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline or 4-iodo-N,N-dimethylaniline.1, 2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the phosphine is not particularly sensitive to air or moisture, although precautions, such as storage under inert atmosphere in a cool place, should be taken during long-term storage.
Are difficulties perceiving and expressing emotions associated with low-back pain? The relationship between lack of emotional awareness (alexithymia) and 12-month prevalence of low-back pain in 1180 urban public transit operators.

Abstract Objective To assess the association of alexithymia (deficit in emotional awareness) with 12-month prevalence of low back pain (LBP) cross-sectionally in a cohort study of 1180 San Francisco transit operators. Methods Alexithymia was measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). LBP was assessed in medical histories during drivers relicensing exams. Multivariate logistic regression analyses controlled for demographic, behavioral (smoking, alcohol, coping style), and physical and psychosocial job factors measured by questionnaire and interview. Results Of all the drivers, 31.4% suffered from LBP. Scoring in the upper quartile of alexithymia summary scores was associated with twofold higher odds of LBP (adjusted odds ratio=2.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.31–3.00). The association was stronger in women (adj. OR=4.35) than in men (adj. OR=1.83). The factor “difficulty identifying feelings” showed the strongest association with LBP (adj. OR=2.23). Conclusion The results support an association between alexithymia and LBP.
Origin of unstable photoluminescence in GaN: metastable defects or surface states?

We have observed a variety of the photoluminescence (PL) metastability in unintentionally doped GaN. In particular, in high-resistivity GaN layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition a broad blue band with a maximum at 3.0 eV bleached under ultraviolet (UV) illumination with simultaneous enhancement of the yellow luminescence. Annealing at room temperature restored the original PL intensities after only several days. In other cases sharp PL lines at 3.32 and 3.36 eV, attributed to structural defects, and a broad structureless band at photon energies from 2.2 to 3.2 eV, attributed to the surface states, grew under UV illumination at low temperature. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Propaganda and Sovereignty in Wartime China: Morale Operations and Psychological Warfare under the Office of War Information*

During the later years of the War of Resistance to Japan (1937–1945), United States (US) propaganda activities intensified in both Japanese military-occupied and ‘free’ regions of China. One of the most important organizations behind these activities was the Office of War Information (OWI). This paper examines the OWI, and particularly its Overseas Office, as key institutional actors within a broader US total war effort which touched the lives of civilian populations in East Asia as well as combatants, arguing that: • US propaganda institutions and propagandists played demonstrable roles in representing and shaping the experience of war in China;• these institutions, which included Asians and individuals of Asian descent, simultaneously acted to advance US goals in the wartime ‘Far East’;• while cooperation between US and Chinese governments was sporadic in the area of psychological warfare, conflicts over control often undermined or limited operations;• despite these shortcomings, US propaganda institutions (which included both the OWI and offices within the Department of State) had developed comparatively wide-ranging capabilities by the end of the war, and continued operations into the Civil War of 1945–1949.By 1945 propaganda had become an activity which regularly targeted allied populations as well as enemies. This process was facilitated by the early twentieth-century communications revolution, but was planned and controlled by the new engineers of the post-war order.
Limiting current to a vertical rotating rod electrode

Abstract The mass-transfer limiting current at a rotating rod electrode is investigated experimentally and its disk-surface and cylinder-surface components are determined. These two component deviate considerably from predictions based on well-established mass-transfer correlations for the rotating-disk electrode and rotating-cylinder electrodes. Experimental evidence is presented of strong interaction between the flow pattern at the disk and that at the cylinder. A stationary vortex flow pattern up and down the cylinder surface is observed. An approximate correlation for the mass-transfer limiting current to short rod electrodes is presented.
E-038 Utility of Dyna CT in the evaluation and management of cranial and skull base arteriovenous fistulas

Introduction Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are comprised of pathologic, dural based shunts and account for 10–15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. These lesions have complex anatomy that is best studied with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Conventional DSA is however limited by its planar imaging nature. A more detailed analysis of these lesions is now possible with cone beam CT. We present our initial experience with 10 patients of dAVFs studied with C arm CT. Methods This study includes 10 patients with intracranial and skull base dAVFs that were evaluated with conventional DSA and a C arm CT (Dyna CT) between January 2009 and February 2010 by one of the authors (DG). The DSA evaluation included selected catheter angiograms of bilateral common, internal, external carotid and vertebral arteries. Additional Dyna CT evaluation was accomplished while injecting diluted contrast into the dominant feeding artery. MPRs were performed by using an external postprocessing workstation (syngoXWorkplace; Siemens Medical Solutions) to produce section thickness of 0.2–0.5 mm. This study is a retrospective review of patient charts, imaging studies and DSA/C arm CT evaluations. Results C arm CT was successfully performed on all patients and provided excellent quality images. The anatomic understanding of the osteodural network, location of arteriovenous shunt and venous compartment was aided by Dyna CT and significantly added to the understanding of these lesions. In addition, there were additional findings noted on Dyna CT that had significant impact on management of four of 10 patients. The final management included endovascular treatment exclusively in 5/10, combination of embolization and surgery in 1/10 and embolization followed by gamma knife in 1/10. Three of 10 patients are being managed conservatively in view of Borden type 1 fistulae that were minimally symptomatic. Conclusion C arm CT is complementary to DSA in the evaluation of cranial and skull base dAVFs. In many patients, Dyna CT provides information that is difficult to obtain from conventional DSA. In our initial experience, Dyna CT had a significant impact in the management of these lesions.
Lipid metabolism and resistin gene expression in insulin-resistant Fischer 344 rats

The interrelationship between insulin and leptin resistance in young Fischer 344 (F344) rats was studied. Young F344 and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed regular chow. F344 animals had two- to thr...
Written Informed Consent for Computed Tomography of the Abdomen/Pelvis is Associated with Decreased CT Utilization in Low-Risk Emergency Department Patients.

Introduction: The increasing rate of patient exposure to radiation from computerized tomography (CT) raises questions about appropriateness of utilization. There is no current standard to employ informed consent for CT (ICCT). Our study assessed the relationship between informed consent and CT utilization in emergency department (ED) patients. Methods: An observational multiphase before-after cohort study was completed from 4/2010-5/2011. We assessed CT utilization before and after (Time I/ Time II) the implementation of an informed consent protocol. Adult patients were included if they presented with symptoms of abdominal/pelvic pathology or completed ED CT. We excluded patients with pregnancy, trauma, or altered mental status. Data on history, exam, diagnostics, and disposition were collected via standard abstraction tool. We generated a multivariate logistic model via stepwise regression, to assess CT utilization across risk groups. Logistic models, stratified by risk, were generated to include study phase and a propensity score that controlled for potential confounders of CT utilization. Results: 7,684 patients met inclusion criteria. In PHASE 2, there was a 24% (95% CI [10-36%]) reduction in CT utilization in the low-risk patient group (p<0.002). ICCT did not affect CT utilization in the high-risk group (p=0.16). In low-risk patients, the propensity score was significant (p<0.001). There were no adverse events reported during the study period. Conclusion: The implementation of ICCT was associated with reduced CT utilization in low-risk ED patients. ICCT has the potential to increase informed, shared decision making with patients, as well as to reduce the risks and cost associated with CT.
Age differences in the connection of mood and cognition: evidence from studies of mood congruent effects

The mood–cognition linkage is a key element of the theories underlying cognitive behavior therapy, one of the most well-established psychological therapies with adults of all ages for depression and anxiety. In this chapter, we review current theories and research on age differences in the effects of mood on cognition, with particular attention to mood congruence effects as a way to explore age differences in the mood–cognition linkage when moods change from usual homeostasis to a more negative tone. First, we review theories of mood-congruent cognition and conceptual and methodological issues in the study of mood-congruent cognition. Next, we present evidence for the mood–congruence phenomenon, comprised of lab-based research primarily conducted with younger populations. We then review the research on age differences in the mood–cognition linkage, and discuss potential implications of this literature for adaptations of theory, assessment, and therapeutic intervention with older adult clients.
Sequential extraction of uranium metal contamination

Samples of uranium contaminated dirt collected from the dirt floor of an abandoned metal rolling mill were analyzed for uranium using a sequential extraction protocol involving a series of five increasingly aggressive solvents. The quantity of uranium extracted from the contaminated dirt by each reagent can aid in predicting the fate and transport of the uranium contamination in the environment. Uranium was separated from each fraction using anion exchange, electrodeposition and analyzed by alpha spectroscopy analysis. Results demonstrate that approximately 77 % of the uranium was extracted using NH4Ac in 25 % acetic acid.
An evaluation of physicians' engagement of children with asthma in treatment-related discussions.

Our objectives were to examine whether providers engage children with asthma in treatment-related discussions at the level children prefer (engagement concordance) and to determine whether engagement concordance is related to child, caregiver, and provider characteristics. Children with asthma (n = 296) aged 8–16 years were recruited at five pediatric practices in North Carolina. Using audiotaped medical visit transcripts, we documented the number of treatment-related questions the providers asked the children. Children reported their preferred level of provider engagement. A logistic generalized estimating equation was used to determine which variables predicted engagement concordance. Most children (96.6%) wanted to be involved in treatment-related discussions. One-third of the providers did not ask children any treatment-related questions. Only 36.1% of provider–child dyads were concordant. Most discordant dyads were under-engaged (83.1%). Better engagement concordance was observed among older children...
Strategies for Micrometeorological Modeling

A review is presented of the range of schemes used to mathematically model the microclimate of vegetation canopies and the exchanges of momentum, heat, water vapor and other scalars between the living tissue of plants and the atmospheric surface layer. In order, are considered bulk expressions which do not take into account distinct strata within the canopy, Eulerian diffusion models employing either parallel and series resistances or eddy diffusivities, higher-order closure schemes, and large-eddy simulation. Differences primarily involve the degree to which aerodynamic characteristics of the air flow through and above vegetation are treated. The simplest models have utility in offering estimates of exchange rates that may be applied to large geographic areas, while the most advanced models are used for more fundamental studies of environmental physics.
Towards Integrated Study of Data Management and Data Mining

Abstract From very beginning, research and practice of database management systems (DBMSs) have been cantered on handling granulation and granularities at various levels, thus sharing common interests with granular computing (GrC). Although DBMS and GrC have different focuses, the advent of Big Data has brought these two research areas closer to each other, because Big Data requires integrated study of data storage and analysis. In this paper, we explore this issue. Starting with an examination of granularities from a database perspective, we discuss new challenges of Big Data. We then turn to data management issues related to GrC. As an example of possible cross-fertilization of these two fields, we examine the recent development of database keyword search (DBKWS). Even research in DBKWS is largely independent to GrC, DBKWS has to handle various issues related to granularity handling. In particular, aggregation of DBKWS results is closely related to studies in granularities and granulation, which echoes L. Zadeh's famous formula: Granulation = Summarization. We present our proposed approach, termed as extended keyword search, which illustrates that an integrated study of data management and data mining/analysis is not restricted to GrC or rough set theory
Estimating inclusive ψ and ψηc production in e+e− annihilation

Abstract The reaction e+e− → ψ + X provides (i) a test of perturbative QCD, and (ii) a way to study even C states (such as ηc, χ, Higgs) recoiling against the ψ. Estimates of the cross section using QCD, a simple non-perturbative model, and a calculation of the contribution from two-body final states, suggest small but not unmeasurable cross sections. If mηc ≈ mψ, this may be a good way to find the ηc.