cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental behavior and infant development in ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) in a northeast Madagascar rain forest

Parental behavior and infant development of black and white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) were studied on Nosy Mangabe Island in northeast Madagascar. Ruffed lemur females produced twins, prepared nests for neonates in the trees, transported infants by mouth, and parked them in the trees. During two consecutive birth seasons, the average birth rate for nine females was 0.58. Two females reproduced in one social group. Lactating females spent most of their time resting with their infants or foraging for food. Infants developed rapidly and were fully mobile by 3-4 months. No female reproduced successfully in 2 consecutive years. In 1988, infant mortality within 3 months of birth was very high (64%). Accidental falls may have been one major cause. Adults of both sexes, including a reproductive female, exhibited alloparental behavior such as guarding infants and nonmaternal nursing. Alloparental care may increase the likelihood of infant survival. Some of these observations are not compatible with the idea that ruffed lemurs live in small pair-bonded groups, as other researchers have suggested.
Short-Latency Stressor Effects on Tonic Immobility Fear Reactions of Japanese Quail Divergently Selected for Adrenocortical Responsiveness to Immobilization

Abstract Despite evidence for a positive association between adrenocortical activation and fearfulness, the effects of chronic (12 to 20 h) exposure to stressful stimulation on the fear reactions of Japanese quail genetically selected for high (HS) or low (LS) plasma corticosterone response to immobilization stress are not straightforward. The present study examined tonic immobility fear responses in quail of both lines that, immediately prior to testing, either had been allowed to remain undisturbed or had been exposed to an acute stressor similar to that used in the selection program (i.e., a short-latency stressor; 5 min of immobilization). Tonic immobility responses were generally more pronounced in quail of the HS line than the LS line, and they were exaggerated in both lines after exposure to stress treatment. The findings provide further support for the suggestion that selection for exaggerated or reduced adrenocortical responsiveness may have been accompanied by a concomitant and unconscious effect on underlying fearfulness.
Psychosocial Interventions in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This brief overview of psychosocial treatment approaches to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) concentrates on the two that receive the greatest research support, parent training in child behavior management and teacher training in classroom management. Cognitive-behavioral training of children who have ADHD has little evidence of efficacy and group social skills training has mixed or limited evidence of effectiveness. Research should focus on more theoretically driven psychosocial treatment approaches, on potential side effects or adverse events associated with this form of intervention, and on the complex pathways that affect impairment in major life activities that could guide subsequent treatment design for such impairments.
The cultural grid: A complicated and dynamic approach to multicultural counseling

Abstract The cultural grid differentiates between personal and cultural elements of a multicultural situation. It combines the social system variables of ethnographic, demographic, status, and affiliation with personal cognitive variables of behavior, expectation and value. The resulting personal cultural orientation will display the complicated range of dynamic and salient cultures in a person's background which influence behaviors, expectations and values at an intrapersonal level. The grid also differentiates between personal (different expectation but same behavior) and cultural (same expectation but different behavior) interactions on an interpersonal level.
Analogies in Biology

When I was no more than a boy and beginning to show some interest in living creatures I can remember being sternly warned by my elders to beware of the dangers of analogies. It was said in the same tone one might tell someone not to eat a certain kind of mushroom. I do not believe it ever seriously curbed my instinct for analogy; I went on comparing as any person will whether it be consciously or unconsciously, but the feeling of slight guilt has always remained and is no doubt now responsible for my writing this short essay.
Nephropathic cystinosis: improved linear growth after treatment with recombinant human growth hormone.

weight for height was similar in groups 1 and 2 at diagnosis and subsequent follow-up, demonstrating the lack, in our patients, of relative underweight, which is a prognostic indicator of a poor pulmonary course in CF according to Kraemer et al. 1~ Patients without meconium ileus who had normal albumin values had the lowest average fat excretion (20%), whereas patients with low albumin levels and those with meconium ileus in both groups had higher fat excretion (29% to 34%). Our data indicate that hypoalbuminemia at diagnosis of CF in infancy is common and that it appears to reflect the severity of illness leading to the diagnosis but not to predict the subsequent course of the disease. The cause for the hypoalbuminemia is not clear, and further prospective studies of intrauterine factors and of infants whose CF is diagnosed by screening are needed.
Photometric Microlens Parallaxes with the Space Interferometry Mission

Astrometric measurements of microlensing events can in principle determine both the "parallax" E and the "proper motion" μ of an individual event, which (combined with the Einstein timescale tE) in turn yield the mass, distance, and transverse velocity of the lens. We show, however, that the parallax measurements are generically several orders of magnitude less precise than the proper-motion measurements. Fortunately, astrometric measurements by the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) are simultaneously photometric measurements, and since SIM will be in solar orbit, these allow SIM to be used as a classical (photometric) parallax satellite. We show that SIM photometric parallaxes are of precision comparable to that of its astrometric proper-motion measurements. For I = 15 bulge stars, complete solutions with ~5% accuracy in mass, distance, and transverse velocity can be obtained from about 5 hr of observation, 100-10,000 times shorter than would be required for a purely astrometric solution of similar precision. Thus, it should be possible to measure directly the mass functions of both the bulge and the inner disk (including both dark and luminous objects) with only a few hundred hours of SIM observations.
Clinical aspects of child development research

Summary I have purposely dealt with the broader considerations which underlie the medical aspects of child development research, for general principles, if they are sound, must have major weight in the long-range projection of research plans. The scientific advantages which come from a clinical type of organization may be summed up as follows: 1. A diagnostic and advisory clinical service as a basic part of a research unit brings the unit into natural working relations with parents and with community agencies. 2. Such a service, dealing both with normal and exceptional children, helps to disclose significant cases and trends which repay intensive developmental study and clinical research. 3. Such a service leads to the accumulation of consecutive records over a period of years. It favors biogenetic studies. 4. Close working relationships with associated clinics favor coordinated effort and a correlation of developmental data. 5. Increased accessibility to the technical resources of the basic sciences of anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry facilitates investigation in these fields with special reference to problems of child development. 6. A clinical orientation can promote investigation and experimental demonstration of procedures which may be used in the developmental supervision of infants and preschool children; and in the management of children who need special care, including ill, convalescent, and handicapped children. 7. Finally, a clinical type of organization fosters assimilation with the existing agencies for the study and protection of normal development. It is in harmony with the integrating trends of clinical pediatrics and of medical research in general.
Gait Speed and Mortality, Hospitalization, and Functional Status Change Among Hemodialysis Patients: A US Renal Data System Special Study

Background Slow walk (gait) speed predicts functional decline, institutionalization, and mortality risks in the geriatric population. A gait speed evidence base for dialysis patient outcomes is needed. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 752 prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients aged 20 to 92 years evaluated in 2009 to 2012 in 7 Atlanta and 7 San Francisco clinics in a US Renal Data System special study. Predictor Usual walk speed in meters per second, categorized as ≥0.6m/s (baseline n=575), Outcomes Survival; hospitalization; activities of daily living (ADL) difficulty; 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Function score. Measurements Cox proportional hazards models investigated gait speed and mortality over a median follow-up of 703 days. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models estimated associations of baseline gait speed with hospitalization, need for ADL assistance, and SF-36 Physical Function score after 12 months. Results Participants who walked ≥0.6m/s had 53 (9%) deaths, those who walked Limitations Cohort not highly representative of overall US in-center HD population. Conclusions Because walking challenges the heart, lungs, and circulatory, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems, gait speed provides an informative marker of health status. The association of gait speed with HD patients' risk for functional decline warrants continued study.
Evaluation of Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility

Unilateral vocal fold immobility (UFVI) is a highly variable clinical entity that may be neurogenic or mechanical in origin. Patients with UVFI have varying degrees of voice, swallowing, and airway disturbance. The patient should be carefully evaluated, including thorough history, head, neck, and neurologic examination, and laryngoscopy, to determine the etiology of UFVI and the current level of laryngeal function. If the etiology cannot be determined, cross sectional imaging of the skull base through the mediastinum is recommended to evaluate the underlying cause. Laryngeal electromyography is most useful for predicting poor functional recovery and may affect the decision to proceed with early definitive surgical management. Formal swallowing testing is indicated for patients with dysphagia to identify aspiration.
The embryology of amphioxus

Although the egg of Amphioxus is much more fluid and less stereotyped than that of Ascidians, the poles, axes, and localizations of formative materials are much the same in the two. The spermatozoon enters near the vegetative pole and a peripheral layer of granular cytoplasm flows to this pole and later forms a crescent around the posterior side parallel to the first cleavage amphiaster; this is the mesodermal crescent. On the anterior side a similar area later gives rise to the chorda-neural crescent. Above these crescents is the ectodermal area, below them the endodermal area. The early cleavages divide these crescents and areas just as in Ascidians. The coeloblastula is at first spherical, but later flattens in the region of the mesodermal crescent; this flattening extends forward on the vegetative side to the chorda-neural crescent, where the invagination is sharpest. The blastopore is at first triangular in outline, the dorsal lip being formed by the chorda-neural crescent and the lateral lips by the mesodermal crescent. Later the chorda and the mesodermal crescents are infolded, the lateral lips fuse to form the ventral lip which grows dorsalward, the blastopore becomes wider from right to left than dorsoventrally, the gastrula elongates and in the angles between dorsal and ventral lips the mesodermal crescent forms the mesodermal grooves in the lateral walls of the gastrocoel.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREATIVE ABILITY IN DANCE AND SELECTED CREATIVE ATTRIBUTES

To examine the relationships between creative ability in dance and selected attributes of creativity for 61 female dance majors three dance performance tests were devised. These assessed originalit...
The pseudo-binary system Zr(V1−xCrx)2: Hydrogen absorption and stability considerations

Abstract Pressure-composition absorption isotherms were measured for the hydrides of Zr(V 1− x Cr x ) 2 ( x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6). These cubic Laves phase alloys follow a linear relationship of free energy with chromium substitution. A free energy against cell volume plot of the cubic chromium-containing materials compared with earlier data on cubic as well as hexagonal iron-substituted alloys shows that electronic factors are probably more important than structural factors in determining the free energies of the ternary Zr(V 1− x B x ) 2 systems.
Surface chemistry studies of photosystem II

Abstract The monolayer systems of PS II membranes, PS II core complex particles, and the mixture of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) with PS II core complex particles were constructed by means of the Langmuir technique. The surface pressure and surface potential properties of these systems were analyzed. The apparent particle sizes were determined from surface pressure–area isotherms, which were 200 nm2 for PS II membranes and 320 nm2 for PS II core complex particles. The surface pressure isotherm analysis of the mixed monolayer of MGDG and PSII core complex particles shows that the mixed monolayer has good miscibility at all surface pressures.
'I'm not that sick!' Overcoming the barriers to hospice discussions

Hospice programs care for patients facing life-limiting illness. Although patients and family members report that they are satisfied once they are enrolled in a hospice service, many patients are referred late or not at all. Several barriers and misconceptions about hospice likely contribute to its underuse. We explore these issues and provide guidance to more effectively communicate with patients about hospice services.
Deconstructing the Software Interface: A Critical Close Reading of AutoCAD

AutoCAD maintains a nearly 70% market share in the PC-based AEC sector and wields enormous influence over design and production processes in architectural firms and schools. Such an impact is, perhaps, more than what a single building can hope to achieve. The design implications of such a market monopoly are many. Based on Derridean operations of Deconstruction, the paper will deconstruct AutoCAD's latent agenda. The paper will do a critical close reading of AutoCAD for its design preferences, spatial conceptions, worldviews, resistances, stratifications and organizational predispositions with respect to architectural design process. For purposes of brevity, this paper will focus on the architecture of AutoCAD's interface. The results of the paper would be the beginning of a critical theory that can be employed in the process of software design for design professions.
Derivation of aquatic screening benchmarks for 1,2-dibromoethane.

Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane or EDB) was primarily used in the United States as an additive in leaded gasoline and as a soil and grain fumigant for worm and insect control until it was banned in 1983. Historical releases of EDB have resulted in detectable EDB in groundwater and drinking wells, and recently concentrations up to 16 microg/L were detected in ground water at two fuel spill plumes in the vicinity of the Massachusetts Military Reservation Base on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Because the ground water in this area is used to flood cranberry bogs for the purposes of harvesting, the U.S. Air Force sponsored the development of aquatic screening benchmarks for EDB. Acute toxicity tests with Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), Daphnia magna, and Ceriodaphnia dubia were conducted to provide data needed for development of screening benchmarks. Using a closed test-system to prevent volatilization of EDB, the 48-h LC50S (concentration that kills 50% of the test organisms) for P. promelas, D. magna, and C. dubia were 4.3 mg/L, 6.5 mg/L, and 3.6 mg/L, respectively. The screening benchmark for aquatic organisms, derived as the Tier II chronic water quality criteria, is 0.031 mg EDB/L. The sediment screening benchmark, based on equilibrium partitioning, is 2.45 mg EDB/kg of organic carbon in the sediment. The screening benchmarks developed here are an important component of an ecological risk assessment, during which perhaps hundreds of chemicals must be evaluated for their potential to cause ecological harm.
Impact of reputation information sharing in an auction-based job allocation model for small and medium-sized enterprises

This research investigates the impact of reputation information sharing in an auction-based job allocation system using a multi-agent based simulation model based on three performance measures: economic efficiency, throughput index, and penalty index. Two forms of reputation information sharing systems, dyadic and public, were implemented and studied. Dyadic reputation systems deal with one-to-one information sharing, while public reputation systems deal with many-to-many information sharing. The paper proposes a hybrid auction mechanism, which is a combination of the sealed bid and reverse auction mechanisms. Analysis of the simulation results shows that reputation information sharing benefits the system tremendously by increasing the overall economic efficiency and throughput index, while decreasing the penalty index of the system. The results also show that as the significance of reputation in the market increases, the benefits realised in terms of economic efficiency and throughput index also increases.
Remission induction in acute myeloid leukemia

Inducing a complete remission (CR) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia is a prerequisite to long-term disease control with subsequent post-remission consolidation chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The use of 7 days of infusional cytarabine and 3 days of daunorubicin or idarubicin (7 + 3) has become the standard of care to induce CR, based on clinical trials conducted in the 1980s. Efforts to improve on the CR rate seen with the 7 + 3 regimen that translates into better overall patient survival have been disappointing. Here we review recent phase III studies of novel induction strategies that show promise in increasing the rate of CR and improving disease outcome.
A 3.1-Mb microdeletion of 3p21.31 associated with cortical blindness, cleft lip, CNS abnormalities, and developmental delay.

Abstract We report a 3.1-Mb de novo deletion of 3p21.31 in a 3.5-year-old female with cortical blindness, cleft lip, CNS abnormalities, and gross developmental delays. Examination of the region showed ∼80 genes to be involved in the deletion. Functional analysis of the deleted genes suggests that several of them may be important in normal neuronal maturation and function. Thus, haploinsufficiency of one or more of these genes could potentially contribute to the observed phenotype. Our patient does not have clinical features that overlap completely with either proximal or distal 3p deletions, suggesting that the deletion seen in our patient leads to a distinct clinical phenotype not described previously.
Low NO(x) potential of gas turbine engines

The purpose is to correlate emission levels of gas turbine engines. The predictions of NO(x) emissions are based on a review of the literature of previous low NO(x) combustor programs and analytical chemical kinetic calculations. Concepts included in the literature review consisted of lean-premixed-prevaporized (LPP), rich burn/quick quench/lean burn (RQL), and direct injection. The NO(x) emissions were found to be an exponential function of adiabatic combustion temperature over a wide range of inlet temperatures, pressures and (lean) fuel-air ratios. A simple correlation of NO(x) formation with time was not found. The LPP and direct injection (using gaseous fuels) concepts have the lowest NO(x) emissions of the three concepts. The RQL data has higher values of NO(x) than the LPP concept, probably due to the stoichiometric temperatures and NO(x) production that occur during the quench step. Improvements in the quick quench step could reduce the NO(x) emissions to the LPP levels. The low NO(x) potential of LPP is offset by the operational disadvantages of its narrow stability limits and its susceptibility to autoignition/flashback. The Rich-Burn/Quick-Quench/Lean-Burn (RQL) and the direct injection concepts have the advantage of wider stability limits comparable to conventional combustors.
Frequency-of-occurrence memory over the adult lifespan.

Abstract As part of a large scale normative study involving a number of cognitive tasks, 233 subjects, all noncollege students ranging in age from 20 to 79 years, performed two frequency judgment tasks. A modest, but statistically significant, age-related deficit was found, with the decrement in proficiency being largest from middle to late adulthood.
Evaluation of the complex hygrothermal behaviors of epoxy–amine systems

In this study, the complex hygrothermal behavior of two epoxy systems used for strengthening applications was studied. In these systems, property loss by plasticization simultaneously occurred with property gain during additional curing. A comparison of the changes in the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and crosslink density with water immersion at different temperatures clearly showed that the two effects of additional curing by a postcuring reaction and plasticization by water absorption were in competition with each other during the exposure. The changes in the conversion with different exposure conditions suggested that water accelerated the postcuring reaction, even at low temperatures; this resulted in a significant difference in the postcuring reaction between unexposed and exposed epoxies. The construction of the plot of Tg versus conversion for the unexposed system and the placement of the Tg for exposed systems onto this master plot provided a method for evaluating the plasticization effect while excluding the influence of additional curing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Managing with web-based IT in mind

A framework that ties together relevant management ideas that help organizations strategically and operationally align themselves with new Web-based IT.
In vivo optical coherence tomography imaging of the pancreatic and biliary ductal system

Background In vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has not yet been applied to the pancreatic ductal system. The aim of this study was to obtain in vivo OCT images of dog pancreatic and biliary ducts, and to correlate the images with histology. Methods Images of dog pancreatic and biliary ducts were obtained by using an in vivo OCT probe introduced through the respective papillary orifices. Each duct was imaged in multiple locations, and the site of imaging was marked with injected India ink. After imaging, the dogs were euthanized, and the pancreaticobiliary system was harvested. Histologic cross sections were correlated with in vivo OCT images by measuring the structures seen on in vivo OCT images and correlating them with structures seen on corresponding histology slides that contained India ink. Observations Eighteen pairs of in vivo OCT images and histology slides from the bile duct and the pancreatic duct were obtained from 5 dogs. The entire duct wall could be visualized. A low reflective in vivo OCT layer corresponding to the epithelium could be discerned on many images. The bile duct showed a more complex architecture and had greater variations within the reflective OCT layers, possibly because of greater cellularity within the lamina propria. Nuclei within cells could not be identified, and structures adjacent to the ducts could not be imaged. Conclusions In vivo OCT is capable of imaging the pancreaticobiliary ductal system and of identifying the epithelial layer. Because of limited depth of imaging (320-845 micron), OCT is unlikely to serve the purpose of tumor staging.
20. Edward R. Tufte. 1975. “Determinants of the Outcomes of Midterm Congressional Elections.” American Political Science Review 69 (September): 812–826. Cited 259 times

Bernard Berelson wrote a memoir about Human Behavior: An Inventory of Scientific Findings, a book that brought together 1,003 findings about human behavior with some reasonable supporting evidence. Berelson offered a threefold grand summary of all social science research: (1) Some do, some don't. (2) The differences aren't very great. (3) It's more complicated than that.
Effects of organic phosphate on the growth and morphology of Scenedesmus obtusiusculus (Chlorophyceae)

Abstract Growth and morphogenic responses of Scenedesmus obtusiusculus to organic and inorganic forms of phosphate were investigated in laboratory cultures. Organic phosphate (as glycerophosphate) supports a higher rate of growth than does inorganic phosphate. Colony production in excess of 90% was achieved with actively growing cultures utilizing an organic phosphate source. Although algae like S. obtusiusculus are commonly observed in field collections, these organisms resist colony formation in laboratory culture. Unsuccessful laboratory attempts to control colony formation with these spineless polymorphic algae have utilized inorganic phosphates. However, in nature most phosphorus is in organic forms and their use in laboratory media should more closely approximate conditions in freshwater. The form of phosphate is a morphogenic factor with S. obtusiusculus and may operate similarly with other micro-algae.
Accumulation and Recovery of Disorder on Silicon and Carbon Sublattices in Ion-Irradiated 6H-SiC

Abstract Irradiation experiments have been performed at 100, 170 and 300 K for 6H–SiC single crystals using Au2+ and He+ ions over a range of fluences. The evolution of disorder on both the Si and C sublattices has been simultaneously investigated using 0.94 MeV D+ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) in combination with 12C(d,p) nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) in a 〈0 0 0 1〉 axial channeling geometry. At low doses, a higher rate of C disordering is observed, which is consistent with molecular dynamics simulations that suggest a smaller threshold displacement energy on the C sublattice. At higher doses for He+ irradiation, the C disordering appears to increase less rapidly than the Si disordering. Three distinct recovery stages are observed on both the Si and C sublattices in the Au2+-irradiated 6H–SiC. However, complete recovery of irradiation-induced disorder does not occur during isochronal annealing at temperatures up to 970 K.
Crystal structure of a subtilisin BPN′ complex with N-benzoyl-l-arginine

The structure of a complex between subtilisin BPN′ and the product-inhibitor N-benzoyl-l-arginine has been determined from a 2.5-A electron-density difference map. The inhibitor is bound adjacent to the catalytic site of the enzyme with its carboxylate group 3 A from the reactive Ser 221 side chain, and its amido NH forming a hydrogen bond with the backbone CO of Asn 218. The guanidinium group of the inhibitor lies parallel to and in van der Waals contact with the exposed side chain of Tyr 217. This binding geometry is different from that observed in peptide chloromethyl ketone derivatives of subtilisin. Possible interpretations are, either that the new geometry represents an alternative productive binding mode, or that it represents an important non-productive binding mode for N-benzoyl-l-arginine esters and amides.
An accurate and efficient a posteriori control of hourglass instabilities in underintegrated linear and nonlinear elasticity

Abstract In this paper, we present several ways to prevent and a posteriori eliminate hourglass instabilities from solutions obtained with underintegrated stiffness matrices. Several theoretical results previously obtained for a model problem are stated, then the excitation of spurious oscillations is analyzed for a broader class of problems. Finally, the analysis is extended to linear and nonlinear elasticity problems: the spurious modes are constructed and their a posteriori elimination is described. Numerical results show that this method is accurate and efficient.
Genetic Variation in the Patterns of Skeletal Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Progression During Endochondral Bone Formation Affects the Rate of Fracture Healing

These studies examined how genetic differences that regulate architectural and bone material properties would be expressed during fracture healing and determine whether any of these features would affect rates of healing as defined by regain of strength. Controlled fractures were generated in three inbred strains of mice: A/J, C57Bl/6J (B6), and C3H/HeJ (C3H). Both the A/J and B6 strains showed faster healing than the C3H strain based on regains in strength and stiffness. Strain-specific architectural features such as moment of inertia, cross-sectional area, and cortical thickness were all recapitulated during the development of the callus tissues. None of these traits were directly relatable to rates of fracture healing. However, rates of healing were related to variations in the temporal patterns of chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage development. The B6 strain expressed the highest percentage of cartilage gene products and had the longest period of chondrocyte maturation and hypertrophy. The slowest healing strain (C3H) had the shortest period of chondrogenic development and earliest initiation of osteogenic development. Although the A/J strain showed an almost identical pattern of chondrogenic development as the C3H strain, A/J initiated osteogenic development several days later than C3H during fracture healing. Long bone growth plates at 28 days after birth showed similar strain-specific variation in cartilage tissue development as seen in fracture healing. Thus, the B6 strain had the largest growth plate heights, cell numbers per column, and the largest cell size, whereas the C3H columns were the shortest, had the smallest number of cells per column, and showed the smallest cell sizes. These results show that (1) different strains of mice express variations of skeletal stem cell lineage differentiation and (2) that these variations affect the rate of fracture healing.
Competitive PCR quantification of CD4, CD8, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MHC class II mRNA in the central nervous system during development and resolution of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

We used competitive polymerase chain reaction to quantify messenger RNA for the lymphocyte antigens CD4 and CD8, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and the MHC class II I-A molecule in the spinal cords of SJL/J mice at multiple times during the development and resolution of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). CD4 and CD8 were not quantifiable at baseline, became detectable at 5 days after immunization, and increased steadily to a peak during clinical disease. I-A increased after CD4 and CD8, but before onset of disease. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not increase until after onset of clinical disease. CD4, CD8, and I-A remained elevated long after recovery from disease. These results suggest that infiltration of CD4 and CD8 cells into the spinal cord and subsequent upregulation of I-A mRNA play an important role in the development of EAE, but reversal of these processes is not necessary for recovery. Upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA does not appear to be important for development of disease.
The Dynamical Structure of Squall-Line Type Thunderstorms.

Abstract The structure of squall-line type thunderstorms is investigated with special emphasis on the upshear sloping updraft which is often observed in these storms. To aid in the investigation, a new version of the convective Richardson number is formed which adds the negative buoyancy due to liquid water loading to the thermal buoyancy of the lifted parcel in the calculation of the buoyant energy. This modified convective Richardson number is easily calculated using a pre-storm sounding and has predictive value for thunderstorm type. While it is widely accepted that the updraft's upshear slope is caused by the ascending parcels partially conserving their horizontal momentum toward the rear of the storm, this paper presents a new theory for the production of this slope. In this theory, the vorticity production due to the liquid water distribution leads to an upshear slope of the updraft/downdraft interface. A stable slope is reached when the loading mechanism is balanced by the forces exerted by the env...
Effect of load current on fault location estimates of impedance-based methods

Impedance-based methods use simple load models to estimate fault location. However loads in a practical system do not conform to the simplified load models leading to an adverse impact on accuracy of estimation. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of load current on fault location estimates of the Takagi, positive-sequence reactance and loop reactance methods. The derivations of the three methods are presented paying special attention to load modeling. The methods are then used to conduct fault location analysis on a modified version of the IEEE 34-Node Test Feeder. The analysis is repeated using the long and lightly loaded original test feeder. When these feeders operate under no-load conditions, fault location estimates of all three methods are highly accurate. Increase in level of load current on both feeder conditions does not affect the accuracy of the Takagi and positive-sequencereactance methods severely. They can be used to locate faults under light-load and heavy-load conditions on short as well as long feeders. The loop reactance method gives highly erroneous estimates when load current magnitude is increased.
Hydrothermal clay mineral formation of East Pacific rise and Bauer Basin sediments

Samples of surface metalliferous sediment recovered from the crest of the East Pacific Rise at 6°S and 10°S latitudes and from the adjacent Bauer Basin are characterized by an authigenically formed, Fe-rich montmorillonite that dominates the non-carbonate mineralogy of the clay fraction (< 2 μm). Oxygen-isotopic formation temperatures indicate that the Fe-montmorillonites are created by low-temperature, hydrothermal processes (30°–50°C) in the 10°S region of the East Pacific Rise and Bauer Basin, possibly as a result of cooling and oxidation of unstable, high-temperature (380° ± 30°C) sulfide assemblages or as a result of the percolation of hydrothermally altered seawater solutions through underlying basalt and sediments. The widespread sedimentation of the clay mineral is suggested to be caused by colloidal transport, possibly as a result of erosion of hydrothermal mounds by bottom currents. Hydrothermal Fe-montmorillonite-nontronite formation may act as a direct and significant oceanic sink for Si and Fe released by the high-temperature, hydrothermal alteration of basalt at ocean spreading centers.
A sequential approach to the management of a massive intracoronary thrombus in ST elevation myocardial infarction: a case report.

Thrombus-laden coronary lesions present a particular challenge to the interventional cardiolo-gist. Despite the development of multiple strategies to attack this problem, lesions with angio-graphically visible thrombus still carry a high risk of complications when coronary intervention is attempted. The authors present a case of acute inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction with a massive thrombus in an ectatic right coronary artery. Sequential treatment with intra-coronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, rheolytic thrombectomy with 2 different-sized catheters, and transcatheter thrombus aspiration with a Pronto aspiration catheter was required to achieve a satisfactory result. This case illustrates the potential benefit of combining various mechanical strategies to treat intracoronary thrombus.
Characterization and Performance Analysis for 3D Benchmarks

The change in processor architectures and 3D benchmarks makes performance characterization important for every processor and 3D application generation. Recent 3D applications require large amount of data to be processed by the GPU and the CPU. This leads to the importance in analyzing processor performance for different architectures and benchmarks so that benchmarks and processors are fine-tuned to achieve better performance. In this paper, we propose a performance analytical model for the CPU and the GPU. The analytical model takes different architecture as input parameters to estimate performance. We used two different 3D applications, Crysis game and 3DMarkVantage. We characterize both benchmarks for performance bottlenecks and propose an analytical model to estimate performance at different configurations with error deviation <5%.
Disregulation of Akt associated with enhanced cardiotoxicity in β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) knockout mice: possible mechanism of crosstalk between β-receptors and HER2 in anthracycline cardiotoxicity

Disregulation of Akt Associated with Enhanced Cardiotoxicity in b2-Adrenergic Receptor (AR) Knockout Mice: Possible Mechanism of Crosstalk between bReceptors and HER2 in Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity Daniel Bernstein, Mingming Zhao, Jennifer Powers, Giovanni Fajardo, Brian Kobilka2—Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology/HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Non-linear feedback control of parabolic partial differential difference equation systems

This paper proposes a general method for the synthesis of non-linear output feedback controllers for single-input singleoutput quasi-linear parabolic partial differential difference equation (PDDE) systems, for which the eigenspectrum of the spatial differential operator can be partitioned into a finite-dimensional slow one and an infinite-dimensional stable fast complement. Initially, a non-linear model reduction scheme which is based on combination of Galerkin's method with the concept of approximate inertial manifold is employed for the derivation of differential difference equation (DDE) systems that describe the dominant dynamics of the PDDE system. Then, these DDE systems are used as the basis for the explicit construction of non-linear output feedback controllers through combination of geometric and Lyapunov techniques. The controllers guarantee stability and enforce output tracking in the closed-loop parabolic PDDE system independently of the size of the state delay, provided that the separation o...
Groups Meet . . . Teams Improve Building Teams That Learn

Although most business students participate in team-based projects during undergraduate or graduate course work, the team experience does notalways teach team skills or capture the team members’ potential: Students complete the task at hand but the explicit process of becoming a team is often not learned. Drawing from organizational learning and group/team theory, this article presents a “learning team model” that emphasizes feedback at the team—not individual—level of analysis by establishing a team feedback tool that can be easily and regularly used to improve performance. In addition to the feedback tool, a structured process is presented in which students learn to become a team.
Primary Care Physicians' Diagnostic, Management, and Referral Practices for Older Persons and Families Affected by Dementia:

As the size of the older population increases, primary care physicians can expect to see growing numbers of patients who present with symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. This study examines how office-based primary care physicians in three states (N = 498) diagnose and manage dementia symptoms using clinical vignettes portraying a 72-year-old woman with either mild or moderate dementia symptoms and her adult daughter. Physicians were more likely to order a variety of laboratory tests than to perform mental and cognitive status tests as part of a diagnostic workup. Respondents also were much more likely to disclose a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease to the daughter in the vignette than to her mother. Differences in reported dementia management behaviors were found according to physician specialty, number of years in practice, and experience with patients with dementia in actual practice. Results suggest that whereas primary care physicians can play a valuable role in the service system for families...
Dysfunction of the Right Ventricle in Coronary Artery Disease

Data have been presented on a group of patients with pure arteriosclerotic heart disease who had evidence of right ventricular dysfunction manifested by an elevation of the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, abnormal right ventricular compliance, reduction of the cardiac index and increased incidence of myocardial infarction, known to involve the free wall of the right ventricle. The evaluation of coronary artery cineangiograms was not helpful in identifying patients found hemodynamically to have evidence of right, left or combined ventricular dysfunction. Our data suggest that obstructive coronary artery disease can cause predominant right ventricular dysfunction and that there is a paucity of data relating to contractile and relaxing states of the right ventricle relating to the entire clinical and hemodynamic spectrum of coronary artery disease.
Biophysical dynamics of western transition zones: a preliminary synthesis

The nature of the western portions of the biogeographic temperate or transition zones in the North Pacific and North Atlantic is reviewed. The physical transport of nutrients and biomass into them from the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream as well as from the poleward sides are estimated. The conclusion is that the upwelling in the two western boundary currents makes the largest contribution to the nutrient and biomass fluxes into these transition zones. A conservative estimate of the amount of upwelled fluid is derived from absolute velocity sections in the Gulf Stream. The estimate suggests that upwelling into the euphotic zone exceeds 2 × 106 m3 s–1. This implies that upwelling in these western boundary currents matches or exceeds that in eastern boundary currents such as the California Current. The two western boundary regimes have very different poleward situations. The Oyashio extension flows parallel to the Kuroshio and is a deep current. The North Atlantic Shelf Front flow is to the west where it is ultimately entrained into the edge of the Gulf Stream. There does not seem to be any tendency for this to occur in the Kuroshio. Despite these differences in the northern and western boundaries, the two transition zones are similar with large amplitude meanders, anticyclonic rings and streamers dominating their physical structure. The physical features responsible for the transfer of materials from the boundary current extensions into the transition zones are similar in both systems. Ring formation contributes only ˜ 10% of the transfer, while ring-induced streamers contribute 30%. The rest of the transport is contributed by branching of the boundary current front. Both currents have well developed secondary fronts consisting of subtropical surface water pulled into the transition zone. Biologically, the upwelling in both western boundary currents leads to a biomass maximum along the boundary in both secondary producers (copepods) and in small pelagic fish. In the Kuroshio, the latter are the Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, that spawn in the Kuroshio and then enter the transition zone for the summer and fall months. In the Gulf Stream, the dominate species are menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus and B. smithi. These species make use of the coastal environments of North America and although the adults spawn in the Gulf Stream, they are not thought to play a major role in the Slope Water, transition zone. The similar differences in the use of the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream ecosystems occurs in the behaviour of bluefin tuna, squid and other large pelagics. The Gulf Stream system also lacks an equivalent to Pacific saury, Cololabis saira. The biology therefore is at least subtly different, with saury and sardines being replaced by mid-water fish in the North Atlantic. A fuller comparison of the biology with quantitative methods in both systems should be encouraged.
Decoding with Syntactic and Non-Syntactic Phrases in a Syntax-Based Machine Translation System

A key concern in building syntax-based machine translation systems is how to improve coverage by incorporating more traditional phrase-based SMT phrase pairs that do not correspond to syntactic constituents. At the same time, it is desirable to include as much syntactic information in the system as possible in order to carry out linguistically motivated reordering, for example. We apply an extended and modified version of the approach of Tinsley et al. (2007), extracting syntax-based phrase pairs from a large parallel parsed corpus, combining them with PBSMT phrases, and performing joint decoding in a syntax-based MT framework without loss of translation quality. This effectively addresses the low coverage of purely syntactic MT without discarding syntactic information. Further, we show the potential for improved translation results with the inclusion of a syntactic grammar. We also introduce a new syntax-prioritized technique for combining syntactic and non-syntactic phrases that reduces overall phrase table size and decoding time by 61%, with only a minimal drop in automatic translation metric scores.
Spectra of ultracold KRb molecules in near-dissociation vibrational levels

We have studied resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization of ultracold 39K85Rb molecules in highly excited long-range vibrational levels of the X 1Σ+ and a 3Σ+ states. These molecules are formed by photoassociation (PA) of ultracold 39K and 85Rb atoms, followed by spontaneous emission to the X 1Σ+ and a 3Σ+ states. In the range 15 500–17 200 cm−1, we observe many intermediate and long-range levels of the previously unobserved 4 3Σ+ and 4 1Σ+ states and evidence for the onset of the previously unobserved 3 3Π state. The observed vibrational spectra of these states are in very good agreement with calculated vibrational levels based on the ab initio potentials of Rousseau, Allouche and Aubert-Frecon. Such experiments illustrate some of the unique advantages of using PA-produced ultracold molecules for investigation of long-range vibrational levels and long-range forces, and for unravelling dense spectra because only a few rotational levels are populated.
Optimal estimation of vessel currents for equilibrium reconstruction enhancement at DIII-D

A tokamak discharge requires accurate feedback control of many of the discharge parameters, including plasma shape. Real-time estimation of the plasma boundary, which is not directly measurable, is critical for shape control. One of the available methods for plasma boundary estimation is based on the equilibrium reconstruction. Equilibrium codes calculate the distributions of flux and toroidal current density over the plasma and surrounding vacuum region that best fit the external magnetic measurements in a least square sense, and that simultaneously satisfy the MHD equilibrium equation (Grad-Shafranov equation). Although these codes use direct measurements of the currents in the plasma and poloidal coils, they usually neglect the current induced in the vessel of the tokamak due to the simple fact that they cannot be directly measured. Kalman filtering theory is employed in this work to optimally estimate the current in the tokamak vessel. The real-time version of the EFIT code is modified to accept the estimated vessel currents with the goal of improving the equilibrium reconstruction for the DIII-D tokamak.