cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of At-Risk Development in Children 30 to 60 Months Old Presenting With Disruptive Behaviors

Objective. This study assessed the prevalence of failed developmental screens in 30- to 60-month-old children who presented with a behavioral complaint of disruptive behavior to a referral clinic. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed in a specialty behavioral pediatric clinic. Outcome measures were obtained from children referred to the clinic with parental concern of disruptive behavior. Results. Out of 151 patients, 66% (99/151) had been screened for developmental delays with a formal screening instrument. Of these, 71% (70/99) failed developmental screening in one or more domains. Conclusions. Preschoolers referred to a behavioral clinic for parental concerns of disruptive behaviors were more than 4 times more likely to be at risk for developmental delays than the general population, with a majority of suspected delays in communication and problem-solving domains. This finding suggests that developmental screening should be a part of the initial workup for children with disruptive behaviors.
Accelerometry-Determined Adherence to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Among College Students

Abstract Background: A need exists to determine whether college students engage in sufficient physical activity (PA) using objective methodology. Purpose: Accelerometry-based activity monitors were used to evaluate adherence to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Methods: College students (N = 168) wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Results: The mean total minutes per day of moderate and vigorous PA were 53.9 minutes and 5.2 minutes, respectively, primarily via short intermittent bouts. When examining PA in bouts lasting the recommended minimum of 10 minutes, the average time spent per day in moderate and vigorous PA dropped to 12.5 minutes and 1.4 minutes, respectively. Thus, only 22.0% of the sample accumulated the recommended minimum of 150 minutes per week of sustained moderate-to-vigorous PA. Discussion: The findings suggest that college students intermittingly accumulate substantial moderate PA via lifestyle activities such ...
Assessing physician/patient relationships in the presence of HIV/AIDS: an exploratory study.

Abstract The following study investigates the nature of the relationship between physicians and HIV/AIDS patients within the context of the rapidly evolving services/relationship marketing literatures. The emerging evidence suggests that service providers generally play a critical role in the development of positive consumer attitudes and behaviors, and that relationship marketing practices can contribute to the delivery of health services. However, to date, there appears little evidence supporting the efficacy of employing relationship marketing practices in relation to a target market of HIV/ AIDS patients. This exploratory study contributes to the body of knowledge by more closely investigating the nature of the patient-physician relationship relative to HIV/AIDS patients' attitudes, marketing-related behaviors, and overall quality-of-life/life satisfaction judgments. The results of this study first suggest that HIV/AIDS patients use the expectancy disconfirmation model when evaluating the performance ...
Desiccation Resistance in Embryos of the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus: Single Embryo Measurements

Northern killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus, spawn in estuaries at high tides. Embryos may be stranded in air at stream margins as the water recedes. These aerially incubated embryos are exposed to desiccation stress and may survive and develop normally to hatching at ∼14 days post-fertilization (dpf). We developed a technique to quantitatively measure the kinetics of water loss at various developmental stages from single embryos in controlled relative humidities (RHs). Embryos were able to tolerate short periods (2 hr) of severe desiccation and survive to hatching. Mid-stage (7 dpf) embryos showed the highest degree of desiccation tolerance compared to early-stage (2 dpf) and late-stage (14 dpf) embryos. We classified the patterns of water loss into four phases, the perivitelline space (PVS) phase, the resistance phase, the desiccation phase, and the equilibration phase. In the PVS phase, water loss was rapid at all developmental stages and all RHs (∼25% of total embryo weight). The water loss rate was slower during the resistance phase. It decreased as RH increased and length of this phase was longer in mid-stage than in early- and late-stage embryos. The water loss rate and length of the desiccation phase also depended on RH. These data support the hypothesis that low permeability embryonic compartment surface membranes retard water loss significantly and promote prolonged survival of these embryos during desiccation. We also show this mechanism cannot completely account for the survival of severely desiccated embryos (especially in 23% RH) and that there must also be complementary cellular responses. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:179–201, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Man versus machine: the preferred modality.

Summary Background: When learning objectives do not specifically dictate the use of one simulation modality over another, we sought to answer the question of which modality is preferred. We also assessed the impact of debriefing, and the frequency of participants asserting their leadership, as well as self-reported comfort and competence, and the ability to generate differential diagnoses when either a standardised patient (SP) or high-technology simulator (HTS) was used. Methods: One hundred and forty medical students participated in a simulation-based activity focusing on teamwork, task delegation, role clarity and effective communication. Two similar clinical scenarios were presented, and either an HTS or an SP was used. Following each scenario, participants were surveyed on the realism of the simulation and the patient, and also on their self-assessed comfort and competence. They were also asked to indicate which role they played, to list possible differential diagnoses for the case and, following the second scenario, which modality they preferred. Results: The surveys indicated that 91 per cent (127) of students preferred the SP. The perceived realism of the simulation was higher for the second scenario than for the first. Scenarios with an SP were found to be significantly more realistic than the scenarios where the HTS was used. Comfort and competence scores were higher following the second scenario. No differences in the ability of participants to generate a list of differentials were found, and nearly twice as many participants reported taking the leadership role during their second simulation. Discussion: We have found low and high technology to have similar effectiveness for achieving learning objectives and for the demonstration of skills; however, students clearly preferred the SPs.
Therapeutic cytoreduction in a 7‐month‐old baby with acute leukemia

A 7-month-old girl with acute biphenotypic leukemia [t(4;11)] had accompanying anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a white blood cell count of 535,000/microL with 98% blasts. Before instituting chemotherapy, therapeutic leukapheresis was done to reduce the threat of complications from leukostasis. Using a Cobe Spectra blood cell separator primed with modified blood, we processed 1,395 mL of her blood, removing 201 mL of the buffy coat containing 5.8 x 10(10) white blood cells. This reduced the WBC count to 301,000/microL. Only a single procedure was done, without significant complications. The rationale of this preparatory cytoreduction is discussed critically. Subsequent chemotherapy resulted in a long-lasting remission.
CD-HIT

Summary: CD-HIT is a widely used program for clustering biological sequences to reduce sequence redundancy and improve the performance of other sequence analyses. In response to the rapid increase in the amount of sequencing data produced by the next-generation sequencing technologies, we have developed a new CD-HIT program accelerated with a novel parallelization strategy and some other techniques to allow efficient clustering of such datasets. Our tests demonstrated very good speedup derived from the parallelization for up to ~24 cores and a quasi-linear speedup for up to ~8 cores. The enhanced CD-HIT is capable of handling very large datasets in much shorter time than previous versions. Availability: http://cd-hit.org. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Psyllid Responses to Colored Sticky Traps and the Colors of Juvenile and Adult Leaves of the Heteroblastic Host Plant Eucalyptus globulus

Abstract Heteroblasty describes plants with juvenile and adult vegetative shoots that differ morphologically. Virtually nothing is known about the affects of this source of within-plant variation on host-plant selection by herbivorous insects. This is the first study on the use of visual cues by insects that specialize on different shoot types of a heteroblastic plant. Two psyllid species (Ctenarytaina eucalypti Maskell and C. spatulata Taylor) specialize on glaucous juvenile and glossy adult shoots of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., respectively. We compared their responses to artificial colors and to the colors of expanding and expanded juvenile versus adult leaves. Sticky traps were used to compare psyllid response to seven artificial colors. A “color tube” was developed to compare psyllid responses to leaf color. Both psyllid species preferred yellow traps over all other colors (red, blue, green, white, and clear), and color preference was independent of species. Both species were also more attracted to ...
Mobile security education on portable labs

Mobile computing has become extremely popular in our daily lives [1] and hence it is an important platform for software developers. Mobile platforms enable students to learn in a modern context when they are used as teaching tools in Computer Science (CS) or Information Technology (IT) education. Meanwhile, mobile security is an important topic in security curricula partly due to the popularity of consumer mobile devices and a shift in computing landscape towards mobile devices' apps development. Due to the rapid demand and popularity of mobile devices [2-3], the security of mobile computing is vital to the growing army of users and for the future of our social, economic and political systems. Hence, it is important and needed to develop hands-on learning materials on mobile security that produce a well-educated and trained workforce, who understands the many concerns of security, privacy, integrity and reliability, and is able to develop strong protection mechanisms and apply fundamental principles and best practices in solving real world problems [4-6]. Many colleges and universities are developing and offering courses on mobile programming and development. However, pedagogical materials based on real world applications running on a portable isolated network are still in infant stage.
Massive sulfides with fluid-inclusion-bearing quartz from a young seamount on the East Pacific Rise

One dredge haul from a young East Pacific Rise sqrmount, located approximately 15 km off-axis, recovered exclusively hydrothermal material that included massive sulfide, crusts consisting of euhedral drusy atacamite, and reddish brown iron oxide crusts and mud. The massive sulfide is primarily quartz, pyrite, and sphalerite, with accessory chalcopyrite, covellite, digenite, and galena; the sulfide fraction contains up to 2 ppm Au and 150 ppm Ag. Conditions of formation were estimated from fluid inclusions in quartz. Inclusion trapping temperatures were 240 + 35oC at the ambient seafloor pressure of 26 MPa, and the fluid had 4.0 wt.9o equivalent NaCl. The massive sulfide is atypical because it contains silica as quartz rather than an amorphous variety, suggesting that the usual kinetic barrier to quartz precipitation was overcome. Some of the quartz apparently replaced earlier amorphous silica, but much of it precipitated as primary quartz, entrapping fluid inclusions. Active hot springs on the seafloor that precipitate quartz have not been directly observed; however, these massive sulfides and other quartz-bearing samples from seafloor deposits suggest that subsurface diffuse flow and conductive heatloss may overcome the unfavorable kinetics of quartz precipitation.
Growth rhythms in the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata from the Late Ordovician of southeastern Indiana

Growth rhythms are described in the accretionary skeletons of Rafinesquina alternata, a Late Ordovician brachiopod from southeastern Indiana. Contiguous growth increments widen and narrow in repeating series, giving the appearance of adjacent clusters of increments. Fourier analyses of growth increment widths and counts of the number of increments within individual clusters yield similar periodicities. Increments vary in width over a period of approximately 19 increments, modulated with a lower amplitude oscillation of 27 increments. The number of increments per cluster falls into two groups; clusters having between 8 and 17 increments outnumber those having between 18 and 30 increments.All specimens were obtained from a Maysvillian facies of the Dillsboro Formation, previously inferred to represent a shallow subtidal environmental setting. The growth periodicities described here are consistent with this interpretation. The intensity of tidal parameters such as emersion-immersion cycles, substrate shifts, changes in nutrient supply or in oxygen tension declines with depth as would the number of growth increments added each month in response to these factors. Thus, for these specimens, the maximum number of increments per cluster probably approximates the true number of “tidal” days in the Late Ordovician synodic month (period between full moons).The paleoecological model derived from these analyses can be used in future studies to predict the rate of the earth's rotation and the motion of the moon in the Late Ordovician and, equally importantly, to evaluate the limits of uncertainty of such studies.
Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes of Stroke After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in the United States

Background Postoperative stroke is a devastating complication after aortic valve replacement (AVR). Our objective was to use a large national database to identify the incidence of and risk factors for stroke after AVR, as well as to determine incremental mortality, resource use, and cost of stroke. Methods We identified 360,437 patients who underwent isolated surgical AVR between 1998 and 2011 from the National Inpatient Sample (NIH) database. Mean age was 66 ± 32 years. Multivariable regression and propensity matching were used to identify risk factors and the effect of stroke on outcomes. Patients were stratified according to the Elixhauser comorbidity score (ECS) into low- (0–5), medium- (6–15), and high-risk (16+) categories. Results Stroke after AVR occurred in 5,092 (1.45%) patients. The incidence of stroke declined from 1.69% in 1999 to 0.94% in 2011 ( p p 200 AVRs/y) had the lowest rate of stroke (1.2%). After multivariable adjustment, high-volume centers had lower odds of stroke in medium-risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–0.94) and high-risk patients (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22–0.68) compared with the lowest-volume centers. For low-risk patients, volume was not associated with stroke. Patients who experienced stroke were hospitalized for 4 days longer, had an average of $10,496 higher costs, and had 2.74 (95% CI, 1.97–3.80) times higher odds of in-hospital mortality compared with those who did not experience stroke (all p Conclusions The incidence of stroke after AVR has decreased but remains a significant cause of morbidity in medium- and high-risk patients. Superior outcomes can be achieved in medium- to high-risk patients at high-volume centers.
Decision Making in Multivessel Coronary Disease: The Need for Physiological Lesion Assessment

Angiography forms the basis of most revascularization decisions. This approach is perfectly reasonable when the angiogram clearly demonstrates either a severely stenosed coronary artery or a normal one. However, angiography has well-known limitations and the significance of lesions of only moderate
Advanced Concepts and Methods of Intervention in Behavioral Approaches to Psychopathology

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various types of learning including rule-governed behavior, stimulus equivalence and derived relations, and several forms of complex behavior, such as modeling, chaining, and self-control. One form of antecedent control of operant behavior is known as rule-governed behavior. Rule-governed behavior is a form of verbal behavior in which a person states a rule which alters the future probability of other behavior and is hence a discriminative stimulus for some other behavior. A set of stimuli is said to be equivalent when it shows the four properties of reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity, and equivalence. In experimental studies stimulus equivalence is prototypically taught using matching to sample (MTS) training. In MTS training, several classes of stimuli are presented, often on a computer screen. The learning that takes place in stimulus equivalence training has several interesting features. First, many relationships that are not directly taught emerge. Further, relationships can be taught between existing equivalence classes that can establish new and even larger classes with many stimulus relationships.
Coronary magnetic resonance imaging: coming of age.

The natural evolution of an imaging technology includes: 1) demonstration in phantoms and animal models; 2) testing in highly selected populations with defined disease; 3) single-center assessment in broader populations; 4) multicenter trials to define “real world” accuracy, and finally; and 5)
Developing an Effective Measure of Customer Profitability

Profitability is widely recognized as the primary measure of performance for marketing activities. Unfortunately, the difficulty of identifying and capturing relevant cost and revenue data have combined to make sales revenue or market share the dominant operational measures of performance. As a result, profit is reduced to an aggregate performance measure, frequently viewed through the lens of financial reporting systems. Interest in evaluating individual customer profitability as a performance measure is, however, growing given recent advances in micro-marketing technology and supporting activity based accounting systems. To this end, three alternative methods for improving a firm’s ability to measure customer profitability are discussed in this paper.
Wakefield potentials of corrugated structures

A corrugated structure, which is used in ``dechirper'' devices, is usually a pipe or two plates with small corrugations (bumps) on the walls. There is a good single-mode description of the wake potentials excited by a relativistic bunch if the wave length of the mode is much longer than the distance between the bumps in the pipe. However, ultrashort bunches, which are now used in free electron lasers, excite much higher frequency fields and the corresponding wake potentials will be very different from the single-mode description. We have made analyses of these wake potentials based on a numerical solution of Maxwell's equations. It was confirmed that the behavior of the wakefields of ultrashort bunches in corrugated structures is not much different from the fields excited usually in accelerating structures where the wake potentials are described by the exponential function. For a practical application we present results for the SLAC ``dechirper.'' We also carried out calculations for a similar device, that was installed and measured at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. We find very good agreement with the experimental results.
A phase I/II trial of BKM120 combined with vemurafenib (PLX4032) in BRAFV600E/k mutant advanced melanoma.

TPS8602 Background: Vemurafenib induces transient objective responses in half of BRAFV600E mutant melanoma patients and a median PFS of 5.3 months (NEJM. 2011;364:2507-2516). BRAF mutations are not...
DYN-Mediated Internalization of KCNQ1/KCNE1 Channels under Sustained CPKC Activation

Chronic stimulation of PKC signaling pathways is a hallmark of cardiac disease. Although QT prolongation and arrhythmias have been associated with cardiac disease, the mechanism underlying this prolongation has not been fully understood. Using a combination of time-lapse confocal microscopy and patch-clamp techniques we investigated the time-dependent changes in the subcellular localization and channel activity of cardiac KCNQ1/KCNE1 in response to the prolonged calcium dependent protein kinase C (cPKC) activation. Plasma membrane localization of KCNQ1/KCNE1 was reduced after 30-min cPKC activation, accompanied by decrease in channel conductance. In addition, after the cPKC activation, KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel showed co-localization with the early-endosome marker Rab5. Dephospho-memetric mutation of a putative phosphorylation site in KCEN1 (S102) abolished the channel internalization and current inhibition. Internalization was also inhibited by cPKC-specific inhibitors or co-expression of dominant negative dynamin (DYN-K44A). Finally, inhibition of Rab5 prenylation by statins prevented cPKC-mediated channel internalization. Manipulations that inhibit channel internalization did not affect channel function in the absence of cPKC stimulation. In summary, our results show that Dyn and Rab5 GTPases are key regulators for cell surface expression and internalization of KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels to early endosomes under the chronic cPKC activation. Our findings also indicate that statin treatment may prevent cardiac electrophysiological remodeling under the pathophysiological condition by upregulating the expression levels of KCNQ1/KCNE1 at the plasma membrane in the cardiomyocytes.
Large systems

It is argued that we need theories of large systems. This is particularly so since society is composed of large systems, and since without applicat.ions, control theory will be sterile. Some typical large systems are economics, education, urban systems, transportation, energy, and the environment. Observe that these systems are not independent. This makes the associated problems more interesting and difficult. It is noted that the fuzzy set theory of Lotfi Zadeh appears promising in this area since all of the concepts associated with large systems are imprecise or fuzzy.
Influence of Glutamine on Multiplication and Cytopathic Effect of Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

SummaryGlutamine was found to be an essential component in Eagle's medium for the maximal multiplication of RS virus and for the development of syncytia cytopathic effect in Hep-2 cell cultures. The minimal amount of glutamine needed for syncytium formation was only 18 μg/ml. It is suggested that it be ascertained that the culture medium used contains glutamine when Hep-2 cell cultures are used for the cultivation and recognition of RS virus.
Sustainability Education in the United States: Analyses of the Curricula Used in Construction Programs

Construction programs in the United States play a vital role in sustainable construction education by producing construction professionals having knowledge related to sustainable construction. The primary objective of this study was to examine baccalaureate curricula for sustainable construction offered by construction programs in the United States. A systematic search of the curricula of construction programs offered by the Associated Schools of Construction (ASC) member universities was conducted to identify courses on sustainability or its variants. Results show that one third of the member universities offer individual courses on sustainable construction and there is significant variation in course objective, level the courses are offered and prerequisite for the courses. A matrix comparing the course objectives of the sustainable construction courses presented in this paper clearly indicates the lack of general consensus on the content of the courses and the delivery method.
Calculation of spin resonance harmonics in an accelerator with Snakes

In this work, the ASPIRRIN code has been extended to provide the calculation of resonance harmonics for the case of machine with Siberian Snakes and spin rotators. Examples are shown for RHIC accelerator, including the case of the configuration with six Snakes per RHIC ring.
Influence of Altitude and Age on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Cattle

SummaryPulmonary arterial pressures in native cattle ranging in age from 3 months to 10 yr were found to be increased with increasing altitudes of residence from sea level to 3048 m. At altitudes of 2590 and 3048 m, but not at sea level or 1524 m, the pressures were higher in older than in younger cattle. The magnitude of the pulmonary arterial pressure, and probably the rate of progression of pulmonary hypertension at high altitude, were much less in native cattle than in cattle that were newcomers from low altitude. Natural and artificial selection are believed to have minimized the level of pulmonary hypertension in native high altitude cattle, thus protecting them from high mountain or brisket disease.The work of Dr. J. T. Reeves was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants HE-08759 and HL-14985. During tenure of study, Dr. J. F. Horrell received support from National Institutes of Health Training Grant 5-T1-GM-725.
Prediction of the incidence of hepatitis A in Tianjin using the autoregressive integrated moving average model

Objective The study established a predictive model of multiple seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)(p,d,q)(P,D,Q)s based on the hepatitis A data,and evaluated its predictive effects.Methods The primitive series stabilized using the finite difference method,the order of model confirmed according to the Akaike Information Criterion and Schwarz Bayesian Criterion,and the parameters of model obtained through conditional least squares,the ARIMA predictive model was established.Results The error of the multiple ARIMA(2,1,1)(0,1,1)12 model for the prediction of hepatitis A was 3.72%.Conclusion The ARIMA was a highly accurate model for short-term prediction of incidence of hepatitis A.
Marketing in Health Services: A Review of Recent Trends in Obstetrics

This paper reviews recent trends and change processes in the development and application of marketing principles in health care, as illustrated by the field of obstetrics. Obstetrics is a medical specialty that has responded to both shifting consumer interests and the evolving needs of an increasingly cost-conscious health care industry. Essential to successful application of marketing obstetrical services has been effective internal marketing aimed at key provider segments such as nurses, physicians and administrators.
Distributed LMS estimation of scaled and delayed impulse responses

The ability to perform distributed estimation across a neighborhood of nodes when the impulse responses present at each node are related by an unknown time delay and scaling is presented in this work. The time delay estimation is performed by correlating estimates of the unknown impulse response from neighboring nodes. The estimated time delay corresponds to the shift associated with the peak of this correlation. Next combination of neighboring nodes is performed by reweighting node estimates. This reweighting factor is calculated by forming the ratio of the norm of estimated impulse response in a reference node with the norm of the estimated impulse response in a neighboring node. Simulation results demonstrating improved convergence performance for a cooperative network when estimating the time delay and amplitude weights relative to the performance of a non-cooperative network are depicted.
A resident's perspective on professionalism in pharmacy.

Professionalism is an important component in the practice of pharmacy. Although the term “professionalism” is widely used, it is not truly understood by everyone. Pharmacy schools prepare students for their initial education in the professional experience by holding a “white-coat ceremony”
Expression Pattern Of Mirnas Is Not Predictive For Poor Prognosis In BCR - ABL1 -Like Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a heterogeneous disease in which the 5-years event-free survival rates are currently above 80%. We recently identified a poor prognostic set of patients within unclassified BCP-ALL patients. These patients have a high risk of relapse and a gene expression profile similar to BCR - ABL1 -positive ALL cases. This so-called BCR - ABL1 -like (or Ph-like) group of patients showed similar high frequencies of deletion in B-cell development genes (den Boer et al , Lancet Oncology, 2009 and Mullighan et al. New Eng J Med, 2009). Here, we investigate the miRNA expression pattern in BCR - ABL1 -like ALL. Further, we addressed whether altered expression levels of discriminative miRNAs of BCR - ABL1 -like ALL has prognostic importance. MiRNA expression levels of leukemic cells of 91 newly identified children with BCP-ALL: i.e. 15 BCR - ABL1 -like, 14 BCR - ABL1 -positive, 9 TCF3 -rearranged, 14 hyperdiploid (>50 chromosomes), and 15 B-other patients (negative for BCR - ABL1 -like ALL and other known genetic lesions) were measured by Taqman® Array Human miRNA cards (TLDA cards, Applied Biosystems). Using the R statistics program (R-2.15, release June 2012), the Limma package was applied to compare the expression levels of miRNAs between the groups. Each genetic subtype was compared to the remaining cases to identify subtype-specific miRNAs. Our data revealed that children with ETV6 - RUNX1 -positive, hyperdiploid, TCF3 -rearranged and MLL -rearranged ALL demonstrate a subtype-specific miRNA signature. In contrast, BCR - ABL1 -positive and BCR - ABL1 -like cases showed a more variable miRNA expression pattern, resulting in 2 clusters of patients. The majority of the children with BCR - ABL1 -like ALL (11 out of 15) showed a miRNA expression pattern different from that of BCR - ABL1 -negative genetic subtypes of pediatric BCP-ALL and cluster with 43% of BCR - ABL1 -positive patients (6 out of 14, cluster-I). The remaining 8 BCR - ABL1 -positive and 4 BCR - ABL1 -like cases showed more heterogeneous expression patterns (cluster-II). The prognosis of patients in both clusters, however, did not differ. Similarly, there was no significant difference in IKZF1 , PAX5 , JAK2 or CDKN2A / B status between these two clusters. Top-10 most differentially expressed miRNAs of the children with BCR - ABL1 -like ALL were miR-324-5p, miR-345, miR-190, miR-130a, miR-545, miR-152, miR-103, miR-191, miR-197 and miR-101. None of these discriminative miRNAs was predictive for clinical outcome of BCR - ABL1 -like patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that a miRNA signature is not suitable to dissect good and poor prognostic BCR - ABL1 -like cases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Renal Transplantation in Children

The current status of renal transplantation in children is presented, with special emphasis on the value of newer immunologic approaches and therapies for optimizing the outcome of transplants.
CHAPTER 12 – Finch Communities in a Climatically Fluctuating Environment

This chapter is concerned with the change in communities caused by environmental fluctuations and the connection between observable change and change over longer periods of time in the past. Seasonal and annual fluctuations in environmental conditions over periods about decades are well known from direct observation and measurement. Fluctuations in climate, especially temperature, are probably the best known fluctuations for the longest period. In recent years, the records have been extended backward in time through analysis of tree rings, alluvial deposits, ice cores, and coral cores, and it has become apparent that temperature fluctuations display two patterns: periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations and state shifts. The chapter also suggests that the community has a core of species, and that other species are sometimes added or subtracted according to the environmental circumstances. Thus, the biological consequences of extreme climatic conditions experienced during the long-term study provide a view of community dynamics in the historical and prehistorical past.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Surface Meteorological Variables During Fog and No-Fog Events in the Heber Valley, UT; Selected Case Studies From MATERHORN-Fog

We investigated the spatiotemporal variability of surface meteorological variables in the nocturnal boundary layer using six automatic weather stations deployed in the Heber Valley, UT, during the MATERHORN-Fog experiment. The stations were installed on the valley floor within a 1.5 km × 0.8 km area and collected 1-Hz wind and pressure data and 0.2-Hz temperature and humidity data. We describe the weather stations and analyze the spatiotemporal variability of the measured variables during three nights with radiative cooling. Two nights were characterized by the presence of dense ice fog, one night with a persistent (‘heavy’) fog, and one with a short-lived (‘moderate’) fog, while the third night had no fog. Frost-point depressions were larger preceding the night without fog and showed a continued decrease during the no-fog night. On both fog nights, the frost-point depression reached values close to zero early in the night, but ~5 h earlier on the heavy-fog night than on the moderate-fog night. Spatial variability of temperature and humidity was smallest during the heavy-fog night and increased temporarily during short periods when wind speeds increased and the fog lifted. During all three nights, wind speeds did not exceed 2 m/s. The temporal variability of the wind speed and direction was larger during the fog nights than during the no-fog nights, but was particularly large during the heavy-fog night. The large variability corresponded with short-lived (5–10 min) pressure variations with amplitudes on the order of 0.5 hPa, indicating gravity wave activity. These pressure fluctuations occurred at all stations and were correlated in particular with variability in wind direction. Although not able to provide a complete picture of the nocturnal boundary layer, our low-cost weather stations were able to continuously collect data that were comparable to those of nearby research-grade instruments. From these data, we distinguished between fog and no-fog events, successfully quantified spatiotemporal variations in surface properties during these events, and detected gravity waves.
Utility of Urgent Computed Tomography Angiography in the Setting of Intraparenchymal Brain Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose Patients presenting with an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) generally have an initial noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) of the brain. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) can help identify secondary causes of ICH and detect a "spot sign." We hypothesized that performing an urgent CTA in the setting of a presumed primary ICH has only limited utility and did not alter urgent management. Methods This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients presenting with a primary ICH identified from the Duke University Stroke Registry from 2010 to 2013 who had an ICH detected on an initial NCCT. Patients with hemorrhages related to tumor, hemorrhagic conversion of an ischemic stroke, and known secondary causes were excluded. CTA within the first 10 hours of presentation was considered "urgent." Results Of 246 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 53% had an urgent CTA. Those who underwent a CTA were younger (61 ± 1 versus 70 ± 1 years, P P = .048). CTA identified 12 aneurysms (10 incidental) and 2 arteriovenous malformations; 87% were normal. Urgent CTA was associated with a change in management in 3 cases (2.2%); each had historic or other findings suggestive of a secondary cause of hemorrhage and none led to urgent treatment changes. Conclusions In the absence of features suggesting a secondary cause, the results of an urgent CTA did not alter the urgent management of a consecutive series of patients with ICH. CTAs may be safely delayed until after the acute period in these patients.
A data-driven analytical approach to enable optimal emerging technologies integration in the co-optimized electricity and ancillary service markets

The three emerging technologies (renewable energy, energy storage and demand response) play important roles in the co-optimized electricity and ancillary service (EAS) markets where electricity and ancillary service are simultaneously dispatched. While promising, we notice that most literature focuses on either technology integration or operation in the EAS markets. In this research, we develop a three-stage data-driven multi-criteria analytical framework to enable the optimal integration of emerging technologies and operation decisions in an EAS market context under various conditions. We propose multiple performance metrics to evaluate the EAS markets and use a Latin hypercube sampling approach to generate training data for these metrics based on a mixed integer quadratic programming model. Various data-driven models are developed for the performance metrics using the training data and two multi-criteria decision models based on the data-driven models are developed to select optimal technologies based on various criteria. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we study a revised IEEE 118-bus system. It is demonstrated that our proposed approach can: 1) characterize the relations between each performance metric and technology parameters, 2) determine the significant impact technologies for each performance metric, and 3) recommend optimal emerging technologies integration for market/system operators.
Platelet glycoprotein Ib: a zinc-dependent binding protein for the heavy chain of high-molecular-weight kininogen.

Domains 3 and 5 of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) have been shown to bind to platelets in a zinc-dependent reaction. However, the platelet-binding proteins responsible for this interaction have not been identified. We have focused on the platelet-binding site for the heavy chain (domain 3), which we approached using a domain 3-derived peptide ligand and isolated binding proteins by affinity chromatography. The domain 3-derived peptide, thrombin, HK, factor XII, as well as antibody to glycocalicin (the N-terminal portion of the α chain of GPIb) recognized a protein at 74 kD. We also isolated the thrombin receptor (PAR 1) at 45 kD, however, none of the above-mentioned ligands bound to this protein. Isolation of platelet membrane proteins using a monoclonal anti-glycocalicin antibody column revealed the same HK binding protein at 74 kD, which was reactive with anti-GPIb and represents a GPIb fragment. By photoaffinity labeling, HK interacted with membrane GPIb, which was then isolated in native form (135 kD) along with gC1qR, a ligand for the HK light chain. Finally, 125I-HK binding to platelets was significantly inhibited by the anti-GPIb antibody. These results suggest that the GPIb α chain, a known thrombin binding protein, is also one of the zinc-dependent platelet membrane binding sites for HK domain 3.
BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

It is increasingly recognized that, like most other creatures on this planet, Homo Sapiens is essentially a rhythmic being. Cycles with a period of about a day (circadian rhythms), less than a day (ultradian rhythms), and more than a day (infradian rhythms) have all been demonstrated in human psychology and physiology, and undoubtedly comprise an important aspect of depressive disorders. This chapter is concerned with the most dominant of these period domains, the circadian rhythms. Other domains are clearly important; the chapter after this one, for example, will be concerned extensively with the ultradian rhythmicity in REM sleep. For a discussion of the infradian rhythm of the menstrual rhythm the reader is recommended a recent book by Severino and Moline (1989).
An unusual presentation of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) has largely been associated with autosomal dominant mutations in the GCH1 gene leading to GTP cyclohydrolase 1 deficiency. More recently, a deficiency in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has been recognized to cause DRD. This is a rare disorder resulting from genetic mutations in the TH gene on chromosome 11. The phenotype ranges from DRD with complete resolution on levodopa to infantile parkinsonism and encephalopathy only partially responsive to levodopa. Here we discuss an adult with TH deficiency with a history of possible parkinsonism and dystonia responsive to levodopa, notable for a residual dynamic segmental dystonia. Our patient grew up in rural Myanmar with limited medical care. Childhood was normal except for episodic illness with difficulty moving and speaking. At 18 years he developed difficulty writing. At 21 years he could not speak, walk, or write and was taken to a city hospital. Multiple medications were tried without benefit until he received carbidopa/levodopa, to which he had a miraculous response. Since then he has attempted to come off medication, however after several weeks his symptoms returned. On presentation to us at 31 years he was taking 450 mg levodopa/day and 4 mg trihexyphenidyl/day. He had a dynamic dystonia in his neck and trunk, subtle at rest and prominent with walking. He exhibited a sensory trick when touching his hand to his chin; improvement occurred to a lesser degree when he imagined touching his chin, and to an even lesser degree when the examiner touched his chin. He had no parkinsonism. He underwent genetic testing which revealed a homozygous variant mutation in the TH gene (p.Thr494Met) leading to a diagnosis of autosomal recessive tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. TH deficiency can cause a broad range of clinical symptoms and severity. As more cases are discovered, the phenotype expands. Here we describe a unique case of DRD and possible parkinsonism due to TH deficiency with residual symptoms of dystonia that was task dependent and responded to a sensory trick. In addition, while the history is limited, it is possible he may have had episodes similar to “lethargy-irritability crises” seen in more severe cases. In large part he fits within the milder form of TH hydroxylase deficiency.
Development, regulation, metabolism and function of bone marrow adipose tissues

Most adipocytes exist in discrete depots throughout the body, notably in well-defined white and brown adipose tissues. However, adipocytes also reside within specialized niches, of which the most abundant is within bone marrow. Whereas bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) shares many properties in common with white adipose tissue, the distinct functions of BMAT are reflected by its development, regulation, protein secretion, and lipid composition. In addition to its potential role as a local energy reservoir, BMAT also secretes proteins, including adiponectin, RANK ligand, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and stem cell factor, which contribute to local marrow niche functions and which may also influence global metabolism. The characteristics of BMAT are also distinct depending on whether marrow adipocytes are contained within yellow or red marrow, as these can be thought of as 'constitutive' and 'regulated', respectively. The rBMAT for instance can be expanded or depleted by myriad factors, including age, nutrition, endocrine status and pharmaceuticals. Herein we review the site specificity, age-related development, regulation and metabolic characteristics of BMAT under various metabolic conditions, including the functional interactions with bone and hematopoietic cells.
Health Care in Prison

This entry outlines key court decisions that have framed the debate over health care delivery in correctional facilities across the United States. The incidence and prevalence (amount and distribution) of substance abuse, mental illness, and contagious and chronic diseases, among inmates in jails, detention centers, and prisons is presented. Standards and recommendations regarding correctional health care are examined, as well as barriers to the provision of these services. Public health issues associated with the provision of health care in correctional settings are discussed, as well as practical and research implications for social scientists in correctional health care. Keywords: health; health risks; jail; prison; standards
Mechanistic Studies of Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Al-Mg Alloys under Atmospheric Exposure Conditions

The effect of atmospheric environments on the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IG-SCC) behavior of AA5083-H131 and AA5456-H116 was investigated using fracture mechanics-based testing, high-fidelity monitoring of crack growth kinetics, and electrochemical potential measurements. The IG-SCC susceptibility was found to decrease in atmospheric environments as compared to full immersion at −0.8 VSCE. Critically, the decrease in IG-SCC susceptibility was most prevalent for higher levels of sensitization and the more susceptible AA5083-H131 alloy. These results are analyzed in the context of a coupled anodic dissolution and H-embrittlement mechanism, wherein the reduction in IG-SCC susceptibility in the atmospheric environments results from cathodic limitation of the governing IG-SCC mechanism, leading to a decrease in the dissolution at the crack tip, a less aggressive crack chemistry development, and thus lower levels of H production. A close correlation between the open circuit potential of the bulk s...
Demystifying the Chinese Economy: The comparative advantage-defying, catching-up strategy and the traditional economic system

China, so powerful and prosperous for so long, waned after the Opium War in 1840, falling prey to western powers. Ever since then, many patriots have been striving, unflinchingly and ceaselessly, to revive the nation's past glory. In 1949 the People's Republic of China was founded to realize the long-cherished dream of its people. The leaders of the new regime had to decide which development strategy and administrative system to adopt. Considering that China was a backward agrarian economy lagging far behind the world, the leaders decided to adopt a strategy of prioritizing heavy industries so that the country could leapfrog into an advanced industrial economy and achieve full independence and great national strength. This strategy was the logical starting point for the traditional economic system. This chapter explores the institutional formation under the development strategy of prioritizing heavy industries and the economic logic underlying the traditional institutional arrangement. It then discusses the causes of the Agricultural Crisis (1959–61) and briefly reviews China's economic development before 1978. The development strategy of prioritizing heavy industries and the traditional economic system Chapter 3 provided a possible explanation as to why Chairman Mao Zedong copied the USSR's strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industries after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In 1949 China very much resembled the Soviet Union of 1929 under the leadership of Stalin: both were backward agrarian economies aiming to rapidly develop heavy and military industries.