cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is high throughput glycomics possible

The role of glycosylation and their biological functions whether as free oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates has been made possible by the recent advancements in the analyses of these compounds. The heterogeneity and the large structural diversity have made oligosaccharide analysis significantly more difficult than other biopolymers. The next stage of development is to achieve high throughput analysis. However, the structural elucidation of oligosaccharides remains an extremely difficult task. Recent reports reveal that the diversity of structures in a given biological system is finite and may not be large. It may be possible to create a database of structures that can be used to determine the identity of known compounds. This capability would therefore make high throughput glycomics possible. Achieving this task depends on the proper selection of chemical characteristics to identify the compound. In this presentation, nanoflow liquid chromatography retention times, accurate mass, and tandem MS is used to determine structure with a high degree of certainty. The method is used to determine the biological function of milk oligosaccharides as well as to discover glycan-based biomarkers for diseases.
Development of conducting adhesive materials for microelectronic applications

Electrically and/or thermally conducting adhesive materials are classified into two categories depending on their conduction modes: isotropic and anisotropic materials. Silver-particle filled epoxy is the most common example of the class of isotropic materials which are conductive in all directions. This material has been long used in the electronic applications as a die-bonding material, where its good thermal conduction rather than its electrical conduction property is utilized. The silver-filled epoxy material has several limitations for high performance electrical interconnections, such as low electrical conductivity, increase in contact resistance during thermal exposure, low joint strength, corrosion issue due to silver migration, difficulty in rework, and so forth. The anisotropic conducting material provides electrical and/or thermal conduction only in one direction. An anisotropic conducting film (ACF) is used for interconnecting TAB mounted chips to a liquid crystal display panel, where fine pitch interconnection and low temperature assembly are required. In this paper, a brief review of the state-of-art conducting adhesive technology is provided. Subsequently, development of new conducting adhesive materials is presented for several different applications, which include high temperature materials for ceramic substrates, and low temperature materials for organic substrates.
Extrapelvic manifestations of gonorrhea

Abstract Gonococci are small, aerobic, nonmotile, gram-negative diplococci that belong to the genus Neisseria. Gonococci attach to mucosal epithelium and within 24–48 hours they penetrate into the cells where they multiply and then pass through the epithelial cells into the submucosal tissues. Here the organisms either cause local inflammation or enter the blood vessels to cause disseminated disease. Disseminated gonococcal infection occurs in 0.5–3 percent of patients with mucosal infection. Early extrapelvic clinical manifestations include arthritis, tenosynovitis, and dermatitis. Later clinical manifestations of extrapelvic gonorrhea include endocarditis, perihepatitis, osteomyelitis, permanent joint damage, or even rarer complications such as pericarditis or meningitis. Disseminated gonococcal infection results from bacteremic dissemination of N gonorrhoeae. When disseminated gonococcal infection is suspected, a minimum of three blood cultures should be obtained. In addition, N gonorrhoeae can be recovered from a mucosal site in at least 80% of affected patients. Thus, mucosal culture should also be obtained. A positive laboratory diagnosis of N gonorrhoeae requires that the organism be grown and identified as an oxidase-positive, gram-negative diplococcus that ferments glucose but fails to ferment maltose or sucrose. Isolation by culture remains the standard test for diagnosis of N gonorrhoeae, although a DNA probe is commercially available. Hospitalization is recommended for initial therapy. The antibiotic of choice for disseminated gonococcal infection is ceftriaxone.
The content and processes of autobiographical reasoning in narrative identity

Abstract Building on research that focuses on individual differences in the narration of important life events, this study examined the content of self-event connections and thematic coherence in relation to the processes of autobiographical reasoning. Autobiographical reasoning was defined as making connections between the past and the self, the effort reported in making those connections and the emotional evaluation of the connections. Personality differences at the levels of traits and ego development were examined in relation to autobiographical reasoning. One hundred and nineteen younger and older adults completed a self-defining memory interview. Self-event connections reported in the interviews were coded as being about dispositions, values, outlook, and personal growth. Connections were then coded for the degree of cognitive effort required to make the connection and the emotional evaluation of the connection. Finally, the entire interview was coded for the presence or absence of a theme. Results showed that cognitive effort and evaluation differed across type of connection, and ego development and traits moderated some of these results. Further, across connections, there were individual differences in cognitive effort and evaluation, as well as in the reports of a themes across memories. Results are discussed in terms of individual differences in the construction of narrative identity.
A nonoptical tip–sample distance control method for near‐field scanning optical microscopy using impedance changes in an electromechanical system

We present a nonoptical shear‐force feedback method to regulate tip–sample distance for near‐field scanning optical microscopy. In the shear force setup, the dither piezo and the attached fiber tip form an electromechanical system, whose power dissipation on resonance is sensitive to the change in damping force as the tip approaches and interacts with the sample. At the frequencies of interest (∼10–100 kHz), the change in power dissipation is conveniently manifested as a change in the electrical impedance of the dither piezo. We demonstrate that tip–sample distance feedback control can be achieved by measuring this change in dither piezo impedance. The sensitivity is currently ∼0.5 A. This new technique is compared to other methods currently used for distance control in near‐field scanning optical microscopy.
Heparin management in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Antithrombotic agents have been shown to be beneficial in the setting of acute coronary syndromes, and as an adjunct to thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The optimal type and dosing of antithrombotic drug, however, remains elusive. Heparin, the agent most commonly used, has several limitations, the most important of which may be its inability to inhibit clot-bound thrombin. Newer, direct thrombin inhibitors (such as hirudin) provide potent and predictable thrombin inhibition and are able to inhibit clot-bound thrombin. Both heparin and hirudin can carry a substantial risk of haemorrhage, however, and thrombin activity is likely to rebound after discontinuation of either agent. Further, the relationships of antithrombotic/thrombolytic dosing, measures of anticoagulation (such as APTT), and clinical outcomes are not always clear. Nonetheless, from the data available from large, randomised trials, intravenous heparin should remain a standard adjunct to thrombolytic therapy for AMI.
Procoagulant activity, but not number, of microparticles increases with age and in individuals after a single venous thromboembolism

The Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT), a plate-based assay that measures thrombin generation and inhibition in plasma samples, is modified to measure the procoagulant activity of phospholipid associated with plasma microparticles (MP). The assay uses a tissue factor trigger without addition of 4 μM exogenous phospholipid (PL) used in the standard CAT. Calibrated with 4:1 posphatidylcholine- phosphatidylserine (PCPS) liposomes, the assay defines a median of 40 nM procoagulant phospholipid (PPL) equivalents in plasma containing MPs from 50 normal donors, with a range from 20 - 200 nM. Like the standard CAT, the modified assay detected no difference in plasma from 36 individuals with a history of a single episode of venous thromboembolism. However the male cases had double the PPL activity, as measured by rate of thrombin generation, of females; and there was a significant correlation among cases of increased thrombin generation with age. In contrast, there were no gender disparities or age correlations among control plasmas. The findings suggest that procoagulant activity of plasma microparticles, facilitated by a simplified, one-stage plate-based assay, offer a promising avenue of investigation of mechanisms and management of venous thromboembolic disorders.
A prospective randomized comparison of patellar tendon versus semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Seventy patients with patellar tendon or hamstring tendon autografts for single-incision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were evaluated at least 2 years after surgery. All reconstructions were performed by the same surgeon, and metal interference screws were used for fixation of all grafts. No significant differences were noted between groups for Lysholm score, reduction in activity, KT-1000 arthrometer findings, quadriceps muscle size, return to sports, or ability to jump and do hard cuts and pivots. Significantly more patients in the patellar tendon group had patellofemoral pain at 6 months after surgery than did the hamstring tendon patients (48% versus 20%), and at last follow-up the incidence of patellofemoral pain was 42% and 20%, respectively. Fourteen patients in the patellar tendon group and seven in the hamstring tendon group had loss of motion (approximately 5 degrees ). Four patients (two in each group) had treatment failures and their results were not included in the clinical examination data. At 2 years' follow-up, 97% of patients with patellar tendon grafts and 100% of patients with hamstring tendon grafts rated their results as good or excellent. We found that hamstring tendon grafts performed similarly to patellar tendon grafts, although fewer patients in the hamstring tendon group had patellofemoral pain and loss of motion.
The Ocellated Eagle Ray, Aetobatus ocellatus (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae), from Borneo and Northern Australia as Host of Four New Species of Hornellobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea)

Abstract: Four new species are described in the lecanicephalidean genus Hornellobothrium from the ocellated eagle ray, Aetobatus ocellatus, from Australia and Indonesian Borneo. The species possess flat, laterally expanded immature proglottids and a small internal, glandular apical organ diagnostic of the genus. To date, only 2 valid species are recognized in the genus: Hornellobothrium cobraformis Shipley & Hornell, 1906, from “Aetobatus narinari” from Sri Lanka, and Hornellobothrium extensivum Jensen, 2005, from A. ocellatus, also from Australia. The new species differ from H. cobraformis in the shape of the apical organ and mature proglottids, and from H. extensivum in testes number and scolex dimensions. The new species can be distinguished from one another based on the following combination of features: Hornellobothrium gerdaae n. sp. possesses testes arranged in 2 layers and lacks post-ovarian vitelline follicles; Hornellobothrium iotakotta n. sp. has a single column of 4 testes and lacks spiniform ...
Comparison of laser-induced breakdown spectra of organic compounds with irradiation at 1.5 and 1:064 μm

A comprehensive investigation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) at 1.500 μm of residues of six organic compounds (anthracene, caffeine, glucose, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene) on aluminum substrates is presented and compared with LIBS at the Nd:YAG fundamental wavelength of 1.064 μm. The overall emission intensities were found to be smaller at 1.500 μm than at 1.064 μm, and the ratios of C2 and CN molecular emissions to the H atomic emissions were observed to be less. Possible reasons for the observed differences in LIBS at 1.064 μm versus 1.500 μm are discussed.
Reperfusion Adjunctive Therapy: Platelet Active Agents

Changes in a coronary artery thrombus resulting from platelet activation may affect the speed of thrombolysis and the frequency of reocdusion after thrombolytic therapy. In studies performed in canine models, we have found that selected thromboxane and serotonin receptor antagonists given in combination markedly enhance the thrombolytic effect of tissue plasminogen activator, probably by preventing further platelet activation and their incorporation into a thrombus during thrombolytic therapy. The combination of a thromboxane and serotonin receptor antagonist given with heparin and tissue plasminogen activator is effective in delaying or preventing reocdusion after discontinuation of tissue plasminogen activation in experimental canine models in whom coronary artery thrombosis has been induced by an indwelling copper coil.
Co-Adaptation of audio-visual speech and gesture classifiers

The construction of robust multimodal interfaces often requires large amounts of labeled training data to account for cross-user differences and variation in the environment. In this work, we investigate whether unlabeled training data can be leveraged to build more reliable audio-visual classifiers through co-training, a multi-view learning algorithm. Multimodal tasks are good candidates for multi-view learning, since each modality provides a potentially redundant view to the learning algorithm. We apply co-training to two problems: audio-visual speech unit classification, and user agreement recognition using spoken utterances and head gestures. We demonstrate that multimodal co-training can be used to learn from only a few labeled examples in one or both of the audio-visual modalities. We also propose a co-adaptation algorithm, which adapts existing audio-visual classifiers to a particular user or noise condition by leveraging the redundancy in the unlabeled data.
Civic ecology: a pathway for Earth Stewardship in cities

In an increasingly urban society, city residents are finding innovative ways of stewarding nature that integrate environmental, community, and individual outcomes. These urban civic ecology practices – including community gardening, shellfish reintroductions, tree planting and care, and “friends of parks” initiatives to remove invasive and restore native species – generally begin as small, self-organized efforts after a prolonged period of economic and environmental decline or more sudden major disruptions, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and conflict. Those practices that are sustained expand to encompass partnerships with non-profit organizations; local-, state-, and federal-level government agencies; and universities. Civic ecology practices reflect local cultures and environments as well as the practical knowledge of city residents, and thus vary widely across different cities. When viewed as local assets in some of the most densely populated urban neighborhoods, civic ecology practices offer opportu...
Ferrocene-containing Liquid Crystalline Polymers

This article is one of a number of reviews in a special issue to honor Prof. Dr. Ian Manners of the University of Bristol, UK, for his outstanding contributions in the field of organometallic polymers. The focus of this review is on the syntheses, properties, and characterization of ferrocene-containing liquid crystalline polymers in which ferrocene moieties are in or pendent to the backbone and also dendrimers and [60]fullerene-ferrocene liquid crystalline materials.
InP solar cell improvement by inverse delta-doping

Recombination loss mechanisms in InP homojunction solar cells are analyzed using numerical modeling. To reduce the junction leakage current, it is proposed to introduce a thin undoped layer with low recombination center density near the pn-junction. This inverse delta-doping is found to be most beneficial in low efficiency p/sup +/n-InP cells, improving the open circuit voltage by 50 mV, the fill factor by 0.09, and the efficiency by 2 percentage points.
(239, 240, 241)Pu fingerprinting of plutonium in western US soils using ICPMS: solution and laser ablation measurements.

Sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS) has been used with analysis of solution samples and laser ablation (LA) of electrodeposited alpha sources to characterize plutonium activities and atom ratios prevalent in the western USA. A large set of surface soils and attic dusts were previously collected from many locations in the states of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and Colorado; specific samples were analyzed herein to characterize the relative contributions of stratospheric fallout vs. Nevada Test Site (NTS) plutonium. This study illustrates two different ICPMS-based analytical strategies that are successful in fingerprinting Pu in environmental soils and dusts. Two specific datasets have been generated: (1) soils are leached with HNO3-HCl, converted into electrodeposited alpha sources, counted by alpha spectrometry, then re-analyzed using laser ablation SF-ICPMS; (2) samples are completely dissolved by treatment with HNO3-HF-H3BO3, Pu fractions are prepared by extraction chromatography, and analyzed by SF-ICPMS. Optimal laser ablation and ICPMS conditions were determined for the re-analysis of archived alpha spectrometry “planchette” sources. The best ablation results were obtained using a large spot size (200 μm), a defocused beam, full repetition rate (20 Hz) and scan rate (200 μm s−1); LA-ICPMS data were collected with a rapid electrostatic sector scanning experiment. Less than 10% of the electroplated surface area is consumed in the LA-ICPMS analysis, which would allow for multiple re-analyses. Excellent agreement was found between 239+240Pu activities determined by LA-ICPMS vs. activity results obtained by alpha spectrometry for the same samples ten years earlier. LA-ICPMS atom ratios for 240Pu/239Pu and 241Pu/239Pu range from 0.038–0.132 and 0.00034–0.00168, respectively, and plot along a two-component mixing line (241Pu/239Pu = 0.013 [240Pu/239Pu] – 0.0001; r 2 = 0.971) with NTS and global fallout end-members. A rapid total dissolution procedure, followed by extraction chromatography and SF-ICPMS solution Pu analysis, generates excellent agreement with certified 239+240Pu activities for standard reference materials NIST 4350b, NIST 4353, NIST 4357, and IAEA 385. 239+240Pu activities and atom ratios determined by total dissolution reveal isotopic information in agreement with the LA-ICPMS dataset regarding the ubiquitous mixing of NTS and stratospheric fallout Pu sources in the regional environment. For several specific samples, the total dissolution method reveals that Pu is incompletely recovered by simpler HNO3-HCl leaching procedures, since some of the Pu originating from the NTS is contained in refractory siliceous particles.
Prognosis Versus Actual Outcome. II. The Effectiveness of Clinical Parameters in Developing an Accurate Prognosis

The assignment of prognosis is one of the most important functions undertaken in clinical practice, yet there is little evidence to support the current decision-making process which is based on an outdated model of disease etiology and progression. This study evaluated 100 treated periodontal patients (2,484 teeth) under maintenance care for 5 years, with 38 of these patients followed for 8 years, to determine the relationship of assigned prognoses to the clinical criteria commonly used in the development of prognosis. The method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) for correlated data was utilized to determine the relationship of each clinical factor to the assignment of initial prognosis, improvement in prognosis at 5 years, and worsening in prognosis at 5 years. A multiple linear regression model was constructed for predicting initial prognosis based on initial clinical data. Increased probing depth, more severe furcation involvement, greater mobility, unsatisfactory crown-to-root ratio, malpositi...
Straight-chain naltrexone ester prodrugs: diffusion and concurrent esterase biotransformation in human skin.

ABSTRACT: Naltrexone (NTX) is an opioid antagonist used for treatment of narcotic dependence and alcoholism. Transdermal naltrexone delivery is desirable to help improve patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to increase the delivery rate of NTX across human skin by using lipophilic alkyl ester prodrugs. Straight-chain naltrexone-3-alkyl ester prodrugs of 2–7 carbons in chain length were synthesized and evaluated. In vitro human skin permeation rates were measured using a flow-through diffusion cell system. The melting points, solubilities, and skin disposition of the drugs were determined. The prodrugs were almost completely hydrolyzed on passing through the skin and appeared as NTX in the receiver compartment. The mean NTX flux from the prodrug-saturated solutions exceeded the flux of NTX base by ∼2–7-fold. The amount of drug detected in the skin was significantly greater after treatment with the prodrug solutions compared with treatment with NTX base. The extent of parent drug (NTX) regeneration in the intact skin ranged from 28 to 91%. Higher NTX regeneration percentages in skin appeared to correlate with increased drug delivery rates. Definitively, the highly oil-soluble prodrugs provide a higher NTX flux across human skin in vitro and undergo significant metabolic conversion in the skin. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association
Light‐Activated Metal Complexes that Covalently Modify DNA

Many drugs in current clinical use rely on mechanisms of action that involve damage to nucleic acids. While this has been a successful therapeutic approach for many years, the major limitation of these agents is systemic cytotoxicity, resulting from damage caused to healthy cells. Photoactive metal complexes offer the possibility of combining two successful treatment modalities for cancer and other diseases by providing DNA damage similar to that obtained with cisplatin, but in a spatially and temporally controlled manner, as with phototherapy. Recent progress in the field has provided metal complexes that can be triggered to create covalent adducts with nucleic acids both in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, several of these agents have been shown to induce cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, in vitro tumor models, and in vivo animal models. In the last year, new compounds have been reported that can be activated with low energy light within the “therapeutic window,” where light penetration through tissue is sufficient to access larger volume tumors. This review highlights the advances that demonstrate the potential of light-activated metal complexes as therapeutics and research tools for biomedical applications.
Radio-Adaptive Response to Environmental Exposures at Chernobyl

The genetic consequences resulting from environmental exposure to ionizing radiation have a significant impact on both radiation regulatory policies and the comprehension of the human health risks ...
Feasibility and Impact of an Evidence-Based Program for Gastric Bypass Surgery

Background Health care in the United States is expensive and quality is variable. The aim of this study was to investigate whether our integrated health system, composed of academic hospitals, a practice plan, and a managed care payer, could reliably implement an evidence-based program for gastric bypass surgery. A secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of the program on clinical outcomes. Study Design A standardized program for delivery of clinical best-practice elements for patients undergoing initial open or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was implemented in 2008. Best-practice elements were embedded into the workflow. The best-practice elements were refined after reviewing failures observed during the early implementation period. The study period was divided into 3 groups: group α = year preceding program implementation (control), group β = first year of implementation (unreliable), and group Ω = 2nd to 4th years of implementation (reliable). Outcomes data were collected for all patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between May 2008 and April 2012 and were compared with a control group from the preceding year using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Two thousand and sixty-one patients were studied, with no significant demographic differences between study groups. Best-practice elements delivery was 40% in group β, but was >90% for group Ω (p Conclusions Standardization of evidence-based care delivery for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was feasible and reliable delivery of this pathway improved clinical outcomes.
Asymmetrical male-mediated gene flow between harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) populations in Alaska

Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray, 1864)) in Alaska are currently treated as three distinct management stocks. Previous genetic analyses using mitochondrial DNA suggested that these stoc...
Men’s Objectifying Media Consumption, Objectification of Women, and Attitudes Supportive of Violence Against Women

A recent White House Council Report on Women and Girls called attention to sexual assault on college campuses and encouraged continued research on this important public health problem. Media that sexually objectify women have been identified by feminist scholars as encouraging of sexual assault, but some researchers question why portrayals that do not feature sexual assault should affect men’s attitudes supportive of violence against women. Guided by the concepts of specific and abstract sexual scripting in Wright’s (Communication Yearbook 35:343–386, 2011) sexual script acquisition, activation, application model of sexual media socialization, this study proposed that the more men are exposed to objectifying depictions, the more they will think of women as entities that exist for men’s sexual gratification (specific sexual scripting), and that this dehumanized perspective on women may then be used to inform attitudes regarding sexual violence against women (abstract sexual scripting). Data were gathered from collegiate men sexually attracted to women (N = 187). Consistent with expectations, associations between men’s exposure to objectifying media and attitudes supportive of violence against women were mediated by their notions of women as sex objects. Specifically, frequency of exposure to men’s lifestyle magazines that objectify women, reality TV programs that objectify women, and pornography predicted more objectified cognitions about women, which, in turn, predicted stronger attitudes supportive of violence against women.
An Agent-Based Model for Crisis Liquidity Dynamics

Financial crises are often characterized by sharp reductions in liquidity followed by cascades of falling prices. Researchers are making progress in work to understand the levels of liquidity on a daily basis, but understanding the vulnerability of liquidity to market shocks remains a challenge. We develop an agent-based model with the objective of evaluating the market dynamics that lead the market supply of liquidity to recede during periods of crisis. The model uses a limit-order-book framework to examine the interaction of three types of traditional market agents: liquidity demanders, liquidity suppliers, and market makers. The paper highlights the implications of changes in market makers' ability to provide intermediation services and the heterogeneous decision cycles of liquidity demanders versus liquidity suppliers for crisis-induced illiquidity.
The Impact of Weight-Based Discrimination in the Health Care Setting

Considerable attention has been given to the behaviors that need to be changed in individuals who are overweight and obese. Much less attention has been given to the behaviors that need to be changed in health care professionals who treat these individuals. Specifically, health care professionals, similar to the general population, have been shown to engage in weight-based discrimination. The impact this may have on patients is discussed.
First Time Seizure in the Setting of a Congenital Heart Abnormality and MCA Mycotic Aneurysms.

A 37 year-old man presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with new onset seizure and fall from standing.[...]
Monitoring of Measles Antibody Levels among Healthy Population in 2008 in Hefei City

Objective To study the measles immunization status of population and provide reference for making strategies and measures of measles prevention and control.Methods 1422 healthy individuals aged from 0 and 30 years and some women at child-bearing age?were chosen at random and their venous blood samples were collected and tested for measles IgG by ELISA.Results According to the test,among the venous blood samples of 1422 healthy individuals,the total positive rate of measles antibody was 75.3%(1071/1422),and the antibody geometric mean titres(GMT) was 1:89.3.Conclusion Theve ave sporadic cases and limiled prevaleme in the future in Hefei city.The vaccination of MV should be conduded for all the children under 15 to prevent epidemic of measles.
Does industry self-regulation protect young people from exposure to alcohol marketing? A review of compliance and complaint studies.

Background and Aims Exposure to alcohol marketing is considered to be potentially harmful to adolescents. In addition to statutory regulation, industry self-regulation is a common way to protect adolescents from alcohol marketing exposures. This paper critically reviews research designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the alcohol industry's compliance procedures to manage complaints when alcohol marketing is considered to have violated a self-regulatory code. Methods Peer-reviewed papers were identified through four literature search engines: PubMed, SCOPUS, PsychINFO and CINAHL. Non-peer-reviewed reports produced by public health agencies, alcohol research centers, non-governmental organizations, government research centers and national industry advertising associations were also included. Results The search process yielded three peer-reviewed papers, seven non-peer reviewed reports published by academic institutes and non-profit organizations and 20 industry reports. The evidence indicates that the complaint process lacks standardization across countries, industry adjudicators may be trained inadequately or biased and few complaints are upheld against advertisements pre-determined to contain violations of a self-regulatory code. Conclusions The current alcohol industry marketing complaint process used in a wide variety of countries may be ineffective at removing potentially harmful content from the market-place. The process of determining the validity of complaints employed by most industry groups appears to suffer from serious conflict of interest and procedural weaknesses that could compromise objective adjudication of even well-documented complaints. In our opinion the current system of self-regulation needs major modifications if it is to serve public health objectives, and more systematic evaluations of the complaint process are needed.
Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation offemoral neck fractures in children

Fracture of the femoral neck is a rare injury in children but remains difficult problem and challenge with high rate of complications. Having in mind recommendations of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, our effort was to improve treatment approach. In the period 1999 to 2004, five patients, aged 5 to 14 years, were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. All patients sustained high energy trauma and displaced femoral neck fractures, out of which two were transcervical, two cervicotrochanteric and one intertrochanteric. Procedures were performed under image amplifier. Hip decompression was achieved by needle aspiration via a subadductor approach. Three smooth Kirschner wires appeared to be stable and least aggressive fixation device, easy for applying and subsequent removal. We insisted on urgent treatment, anatomic alignment, stabile fixation and hip decompression. Excellent results were obtained in four patients who had undergone immediate treatment. Poor outcome with vascular necrosis in a five-year-old girl was attributed to five-day treatment delay. Suggested treatment, simple and applicable in practice, is aimed at reducing pathologic mechanisms crucial for development of complications.
Groove Kernels as Rhythmic-Acoustic Motif Descriptors.

The “groove” of a song correlates with enjoyment and bodily movement. Recent work has shown that humans often agree whether a song does or does not have groove and how much groove a song has. It is therefore useful to develop algorithms that characterize the quality of groove across songs. We evaluate three unsupervised tempo-invariant models for measuring pairwise musical groove similarity: A temporal model, a timbre-temporal model, and a pitchtimbre-temporal model. The temporal model uses a rhythm similarity metric proposed by Holzapfel and Stylianou, while the timbre-inclusive models are built on shift invariant probabilistic latent component analysis. We evaluate the models using a dataset of over 8000 real-world musical recordings spanning approximately 10 genres, several decades, multiple meters, a large range of tempos, and Western and non-Western localities. A blind perceptual study is conducted: given a random music query, humans rate the groove similarity of the top three retrievals chosen by each of the models, as well as three random retrievals.
Urologic Causes of the Acute Abdomen

This article reviews renal and perirenal infections, obstructing conditions of the renal pelvis and ureter, and acute intrascrotal events. Each subject is reviewed with regard to patterns of presentation, means of diagnosis, and treatment options. Emphasis is placed on new modalities in the evaluation and treatment of these conditions.
Art Dealer Networks in the Third Reich and in the Postwar Period

This article discusses art dealers who trafficked in looted art during the Third Reich and how they re-established networks and continued their trade in the postwar period. I argue that these dealers worked within a series of overlapping networks. A primary network was centered in Munich, with dealers such as Dr. Bruno Lohse (Goring’s art agent in Paris during the war); Maria Almas Dietrich, Karl Haberstock, Walter Andreas Hofer, and Adolf Wuster. These individuals worked closely with colleagues in Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein (states contiguous with Bavaria) in the postwar years. Many of the individuals in outer appendages of the networks had not been complicit in the Nazis’ plundering program, yet they trafficked in looted works and formed dealer networks that extended to Paris, London, and New York. Both the recently discovered Gurlitt cache – over 1400 pictures located in Munich, Salzburg, and Kornwestheim – and the annotated Weinmuller auction catalogues help illuminate aspects of these ne...
Design, microfabrication and thermal characterization of a hotspot cooler testbed for convective boiling experiments in extreme-microgap with integrated micropin-fins

In this work, we designed, fabricated and characterized a novel hotspot testbed to dissipate ultra-high power density by two-phase convective boiling of refrigerant in a microgap with integrated micropin-fins and isolation air trenches around resistance heaters. The 300 µm long, 200 µm wide, and 10 µm tall microgap with 4 µm diameter micropin-fins was batch micro-fabricated in silicon. The 40 µm wide and 180 µm deep isolation air trenches around the heater and a SiO2 passivation layer were used to provide thermal isolation. The testbed dissipates a power density of up to 4.75 kW/cm2 using R134a refrigerant as the coolant. Thermal resistance and pumping power were compared between the micropin-fin device of interest and a reference ‘empty microgap’ device to assess tradeoffs in performance. Micropin-fins were found to slightly reduce thermal resistance at the cost of a large increase in pumping power. In addition to experimental work, thermomechanical simulations were implemented to analyze the reliability of the device for high pressure conditions.
Bone marrow origin of a B-cell lymphoma

To search for precursors of the neoplastic B cells in a patient with a nodular lymphoma, we produced a monoclonal antibody to a variable region idiotope on the lymphoma IgM heavy chain. Clonal ancestors of the lymphoma cells were identified by this marker among bone marrow pre- B cells (5% to 26%). A second antiidiotype (anti-Id) antibody specific for the complete lymphoma IgM kappa recognized 10% of B cells in bone marrow and blood and greater than 95% of B cells in lymphomatous lymph nodes, including one obtained after tumor conversion to a diffuse large cell lymphoma. Immunoglobulin gene analysis surprisingly revealed expansion of multiple clones of early B lineage cells in bone marrow, including members of the neoplastic clone. The data suggest that this lymphoma arose through a progression of transformational events beginning in bone marrow: first, creation of an oligoclonal pre- neoplastic pool of pre-B cells, subsequent conversion of a single subclone into low grade neoplastic B cells that homed to the lymph node follicles, and later progression to a more invasive form of the B-cell lymphoma.
Design rules for more resilient banking systems

Effective financial policy design should incorporate design principles encouraging financial activity and innovation while discouraging excessive risk-taking, into an inclusive, environmental appro...
Educating Nursing Students on Emergency Preparedness: A Pilot Program

The purpose of this project was to determine if a disaster preparedness educational intervention for nursing students’ could engage students in personal preparedness and enhance their willingness to respond during a public health emergency. The United States (U.S.) is among the top five countries in the world that experience frequent natural disasters (Guha-Sapir et al., 2012). With over 3.1 million nurses in the U.S. (AACN, 2011) and their importance to healthcare, the nursing profession plays a crucial role in the ability of the nation to prepare for and respond to disasters. Currently, however, nurses in the U.S. lack the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to effectively respond to disasters, thereby placing the public at risk. A pilot program was developed that introduced the topic of disaster preparedness to senior level nursing students through a one-hour course. The pilot program utilized a preand post-survey method to evaluate the effect of the education on nursing students. A convenience sample of 18 students participated in the class, course evaluation and pre-survey, and 14 students responded to the postsurvey request. Data were collected and analyzed on the course evaluation, measuring how well the course objectives were met and the appropriateness of the teaching strategies. Preand postsurvey results were compared to determine the effectiveness of the pilot program. The results indicated that the course encouraged nursing students to engage in preparedness, and to be willing to respond. No increased in pre-registration with a professional emergency preparedness organization was noted. Implications from this pilot program include the need for further studies regarding best methods for educating nursing students. Also, advance practice registered nurses need to lead the nursing profession in emergency preparedness to increase the resilience of the United States during disasters.
Foraging strategy predicts foraging economy in a facultative secondary nectar robber

In mutualistic interactions, the decision whether to cooperate or cheat depends on the relative costs and benefits of each strategy. In pollination mutualisms, secondary nectar robbing is a facultative behavior employed by a diverse array of nectar-feeding organisms, and is thought to be a form of cheating. Primary robbers create holes in floral tissue through which they feed on nectar, whereas secondary robbers, which often lack chewing mouthparts, feed on nectar through existing holes. Because primary robbers make nectar more readily available to secondary robbers, primary robbers facilitate the behaviors of secondary robbers. However, the net effect of facilitation on secondary robber fitness has not been empirically tested: it is unknown whether the benefit secondary robbers receive is strong enough to overcome the cost of competing with primary robbers for a shared resource. We conducted foraging experiments using the bumble bee Bombus bifarius, which can alternatively forage ‘legitimately’ (from the floral opening) or secondary-rob. We measured the relative foraging efficiencies (handling time per flower, flowers visited per minute, proportion of foraging bout spent consuming nectar) of these alternative behaviors, and tested whether the frequency of primary robbing and nectar standing crop in primary-robbed flowers of Linaria vulgaris (Plantaginaceae) affected foraging efficiency. Surprisingly, there was no effect of primary robbing frequency on the foraging efficiency of secondary-robbing B. bifarius. Instead, foraging strategy was a major predictor of foraging efficiency, with legitimate foraging being significantly more efficient than secondary robbing. Legitimate foraging was the more common strategy used by B. bifarius in our study; however, it is rarely used by B. bifarius foraging on L. vulgaris in nature, despite indications that it is more efficient. Our results suggest the need for deeper investigations into why bees adopt secondary robbing as a foraging strategy, specifically, the environmental contexts that promote the behavior.
A B Cell Regulome Links Notch to Downstream Oncogenic Pathways in Small B Cell Lymphomas

Summary Gain-of-function Notch mutations are recurrent in mature small B cell lymphomas such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but the Notch target genes that contribute to B cell oncogenesis are largely unknown. We performed integrative analysis of Notch-regulated transcripts, genomic binding of Notch transcription complexes, and genome conformation data to identify direct Notch target genes in MCL cell lines. This B cell Notch regulome is largely controlled through Notch-bound distal enhancers and includes genes involved in B cell receptor and cytokine signaling and the oncogene MYC , which sustains proliferation of Notch-dependent MCL cell lines via a Notch-regulated lineage-restricted enhancer complex. Expression of direct Notch target genes is associated with Notch activity in an MCL xenograft model and in CLL lymph node biopsies. Our findings provide key insights into the role of Notch in MCL and other B cell malignancies and have important implications for therapeutic targeting of Notch-dependent oncogenic pathways.
The Phenomenology of Anomalous World Experience in Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study

This current study is a pilot project designed to clarify changes in the lived world among people with diagnoses within the schizophrenia spectrum. The Examination of Anomalous World Experience ( EAWE ) was used to interview ten participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( SZ ) and a comparison group of three participants with major depressive disorder ( DEP ). Interviews were analyzed using the descriptive phenomenological method. This analysis revealed two complementary forms of experience unique to SZ participants: Destabilization, the experience that reality and the intersubjective world are less comprehensible, less stable, and generally less real; and Subjectivization, the dominance of one’s internal, subjective experiences in the perception or interpretation of the lived world. Persons with depressive disorders, by contrast, did not experience disruptions of the reality or independence of the world or any significant disruptions of appearance or meaning. These results are consistent with contemporary and classic phenomenological views on anomalous world experience in schizophrenia.
Prokaryotic Redox Switches

Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions are ubiquitous in metabolism. In microbial systems, individual cells monitor the internal and external environment with a diverse array of regulatory redox sensors that control the expression of appropriate adaptive responses. These sensors detect the presence of redox active molecules in the environment as well as those produced by metabolic processes within the cell. Molecular oxygen is the prototypic oxidant, and sensors of O2 help coordinate the switch between anaerobic and aerobic lifestyles. The overall redox balance of the cell can be sensed by proteins monitoring the ratio of oxidized and reduced cofactors, such as low molecular weight thiols, the NADH pool, or membrane-associated quinones. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, produced endogenously or present in the environment, are also important signal molecules that can be readily sensed by their redox activity. This suite of sensor proteins is as diverse as their activating signals. Some sensors contain redox active metal centers that may include mononuclear iron, iron-sulfur clusters, and heme cofactors. Other redox switches rely on the facile oxidation and reduction of bound flavin cofactors or cysteine thiolates to effect changes in protein activity. Finally, some regulators assess redox-related signals by reversibly binding to molecules that signal redox status. A survey of these diverse mechanisms provides insights into the manifold pathways that enable cells to adapt to a range of environmental conditions that collectively comprise redox stress.
Surface Chemistry for Automotive Emissions Control: Interactions of Nitric Oxide on A (111) Pt-Rh Alloy Surface

Abstract As part of a study of catalytic materials important for automotive emissions control, the adsorption and dissociation of nitric oxide on a Pt10Rh90(111) crystal has been studied using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The composition of the surface region according to AES and ISS was enriched in Pt to be about 30% Pt-70% Rh. Low coverages of NO (
Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate and its variability from sonic anemometer and wind Doppler lidar during the XPIA field campaign

Abstract. Despite turbulence being a fundamental transport process in the boundary layer, the capability of current numerical models to represent it is undermined by the limits of the adopted assumptions, notably that of local equilibrium. Here we leverage the potential of extensive observations in determining the variability in turbulence dissipation rate ( ϵ ). These observations can provide insights towards the understanding of the scales at which the major assumption of local equilibrium between generation and dissipation of turbulence is invalid. Typically, observations of ϵ require time- and labor-intensive measurements from sonic and/or hot-wire anemometers. We explore the capability of wind Doppler lidars to provide measurements of ϵ . We refine and extend an existing method to accommodate different atmospheric stability conditions. To validate our approach, we estimate ϵ from four wind Doppler lidars during the 3-month XPIA campaign at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (Colorado), and we assess the uncertainty of the proposed method by data intercomparison with sonic anemometer measurements of ϵ . Our analysis of this extensive dataset provides understanding of the climatology of turbulence dissipation over the course of the campaign. Further, the variability in ϵ with atmospheric stability, height, and wind speed is also assessed. Finally, we present how ϵ increases as nocturnal turbulence is generated during low-level jet events.