cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trapping efficiency of 1,3-dichloropropene isomers by XAD-4 sorbent tubes for air sampling

Abstract Emission monitoring is necessary to evaluate the impact of air pollutants such as soil fumigants on the environment. Quantifying fumigant emissions often involves the use of air sampling tubes filled with sorbents to trap fumigants. 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) are being increasingly used in combination in soil fumigation since the phase-out of methyl bromide. Charcoal and XAD-4 resins are used for trapping 1,3-D and CP, respectively. If one sampling tube can trap both chemicals, the number of samples, the amount of work, and associated costs can be significantly reduced. The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of XAD-4 sorbent tubes for trapping cis - and trans- 1,3-D isomers as a function of flow rate (100–1000 ml min −1 ) and sampling time period (10–360 min). The results showed that XAD-4 could trap both 1,3-D isomers as efficiently as charcoal, but breakthrough occurred depending on the amount of sorbent materials in a tube, fumigant amount, flow rate and sampling time period. No significant breakthrough was observed from either small (120 mg) or large (600 mg) XAD-4 sorbent tubes over short sampling time periods (≤30 min) at any flow rate. Longer sampling period at low flow rates (100 ml min −1 ) resulted in ≥50% breakthrough from the small tubes during a 3 h sampling period; but no remarkable breakthrough from the large XAD-4 tubes up to 6 h sampling period when 3.0 mg 1,3-D isomers were tested. Field data showed agreement with laboratory tests. At high flow rates (1000 ml min −1 ), >40% breakthrough was observed from large XAD-4 sorbent tubes during 3 h trapping tests suggesting that short sampling time intervals are necessary to avoid potential breakthrough of fumigants from the sampling tubes.
Input-output technologies and the effects of tariff reductions

Abstract Using input-output (IO) tables from several developed countries (United States, EEC, and Japan) and one developing country (Brazil), we calculate the effects of tariff removal using various combinations of these tables to represent technologies for the countries included in the Michigan Computational Model of World Production and Trade. Among the IO tables, Brazil's reflected unusually high shares of value added, low labor shares, and small supply elasticities. Supply elasticities for the developed countries were somewhat lower than for the United States. Using the Michigan model, our calculated effects of tariff reductions are overstated using the U.S. IO table to represent technologies for other developed countries. Further, for developing countries that use import licensing, the model shows considerable sensitivity to IO table specification. It is especially important, therefore, for computational purposes to obtain the most accurate information possible about IO structures of developing countries.
Submicron gate Si 3 N 4 /AlGaN/GaN-metal-insulator-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors

We present the characteristics of a quarter-micron gate metal-insulator-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistor (MISHFET) with Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film as a gate insulator. A detailed comparison of the MISHFET and an identical geometry HFET shows them to have the same radio frequency (RF) power gain and cut-off frequency, while the MISHFET has much lower gate-leakage currents and higher RF powers at operating frequencies as high as 26 GHz. The MISHFET gate-leakage currents are well below 100 pA at gate bias values from -10 V to +8 V. At zero gate bias, the drain saturation current is about 0.9 A/mm and it increases to 1.2 A/mm at +8 V gate bias. The output RF power of around 6 W/mm at 40 drain bias was found to be frequency independent in the range of 2 to 26 GHz. This power is 3 dB higher than that from HFET of the same geometry. The intrinsic cutoff frequency is /spl sim/63 GHz for both the HFET and the MISHFET. This corresponds to an average effective electron velocity in the MISHFET channel of 9.9/spl times/10/sup 6/ cm/s. The knee voltage and current saturation mechanisms in submicron MISHFETs and heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFET) are also discussed.
Generation of engineered surfaces by the surface-shaping system

Abstract Engineering surfaces are generated by a variety of manufacturing processes, each of which produces a surface with its own characteristic topography. A method for the prediction of the topography of engineering surfaces has been developed based on models of machine tool kinematics and cutting tool geometry. The model termed the surface-shaping system accounts for not only the nominal or global cutting motions but also takes into account errors during machining such as tool runout, machine deformation and vibration, as well as higher order motions.
The fourth generation in superstring models

Abstract We consider the renormalization group scaling of the gauge couplings in four-generation superstring models. We show that two-loop corrections are important and can be used to exclude simplest models where the intermediate scale is generated by a superpotential of the type (27 27 )2. If we choose the unification scale to be close to the Planck mass, the favored model has an extended electroweak group SU (3)L and MI≅1013 − 1014GeV.
Near Infrared Reflectance-Based Tools for Predicting Soil Chemical Properties of Oklahoma Grazinglands

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has potential to provide timely, and lower cost estimates of soil properties than current laboratory techniques. This study defined the capacity of NIRS to predict soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) in native prairie (n = 3) and conventionally tilled wheat (n = 1) experimental paddocks (1.6 ha) in central Oklahoma under different forms of long-term (1978–2004) management. Samples were collected from paddocks along 150-m transects situated between a ridge and toe slope. The A horizon was divided into sections (0- 5, 5–10, and 10–25 cm), reflectance (R) measurements (log 1/R) collected, and absorption spectra (750–2500 nm) developed for random samples collected from all paddocks (total n = 124 for C and N; n = 214 for SOM). Calibration equations between absorbance at various wavelengths and laboratory-measured properties were developed by multivariate partial least squares regression, and tested with an independent validation set of observations. Relationship between laboratory values and NIRS estimates (n = 62 for C and N; n = 75 for SOM) generated significant calibration equations (0.91 < R² < 0.98; P < 0.01; 2.5 < RPD ratios < 3.7). Application of calibration equations to validation datasets (n = 62 for C and N; n = 139 for SOM) generated significant relationships (0.85 < R² < 0.92; p < 0.01) with slopes that did not differ from calibration equations (0.70 < p < 0.76). Results suggest the developed equations could provide useful predictions of soil properties for routine determination of responses to management. More accurate and broadly applicable equations for central Oklahoma mollisols will require samples from a wider range of exposures, landscape positions, soil types, and management regimes.
Missing Pieces: Introduction to the Book Review Section

When I was a social work student, I was taught that the theories used to understand and treat families had no similarity to the theory base that guided clinical work with individuals. At that point in time, there was no mention of couple treatment and no apparent links to these disparate domains. Like any good social worker, I accepted what was, and began a quest to find what was missing. Over time, new ideas and approaches emerged that allowed these practice models to be placed much closer together. It was like a jigsaw puzzle in which the details of discrete areas suddenly converged in ways that allowed the viewer to finally identify the main picture. As the puzzle becomes completed, the value of each piece can be appreciated for its contribution to the meaning of the whole. I have approached couples work from that perspective, and have been particularly excited by the developments over the past decade. For me, two areas in particular have provided the necessary information to finally comprehend the entire puzzle. Family dynamics are no longer viewed as peripheral to the individuals who comprise them, but as fundamental and instrumental. The ingredients that lead to a successful relationship, including the ability to trust and develop a healthy dependency can not be understood without consideration of early childhood experiences. This has led to an increased awareness of parenting, and the importance of helping families create an environment that will facilitate a secure and robust emotional base for all family members. The books that have been reviewed for this Special Issue on Couples focus primarily on emotional regulation, attachment, and parenting. While these topics can be viewed as distinct areas of clinical work, they are for me, the missing pieces that allow the full circle of meaning to take shape. From this perspective, the well being of a couple can not be appreciated without understanding each individual’s early family experiences. In creating a new family structure, the couple also becomes the conduit for the emotional development of the next generation. Through the following volumes reviewed in this Special Issue on Couples, tacit assumptions are explicated and clarified in ways that provide a framework of meaning to the puzzle we grapple with daily in our clinical work and research.
Induction of high levels of allogeneic hematopoietic reconstitution and donor-specific tolerance without myelosuppressive conditioning.

Donor-specific tolerance induced by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) would allow organ allografting without chronic immunosuppressive therapy. However, the toxicity1 of conditioning regimens used to achieve marrow engraftment has precluded the clinical use of BMT for tolerance induction. We have developed a BMT strategy that achieves alloengraftment without toxic or myelosuppressive host conditioning. B6 mice received depleting anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies, local thymic irradiation, and a high-dose (174 × 106) of major histocompatibility (MHC)-mismatched B10.A bone marrow cells (BMCs) divided over days 0 through 4. High levels of donor cells were observed among white blood cells (WBCs) of all lineages. Permanent, multilineage mixed chimerism; donor-specific skin-graft tolerance; and in vitro tolerance were observed in most animals. Large numbers of donor class IIhigh cells were detected in thymuses of long-term chimeras, and their presence was associated with intrathymic deletion of donor-reactive host thymocytes. The treatment was not associated with significant myelosuppression, toxicity, or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Thus, high levels of allogeneic stem-cell engraftment can be achieved without myelosuppressive host conditioning. As stem-cell mobilization2 and in vitro culture techniques3 have increased the feasibility of administering high doses of hematopoietic cells to humans, this approach brings hematopoietic cell transplantation closer to clinical use for the induction of central deletional T-cell tolerance.
On the chromatic index of multigraphs without large triangles

Let M be a multigraph. Vizing (Kibernetika (Kiev) 1 (1965), 29–39) proved that χ′(M)≤Δ(M)+μ(M). Here it is proved that if χ′(M)≥Δ(M)+s, where 12(μ(M) + 1) < s then M contains a 2s-sided triangle. In particular, (C′) if μ(M)≤2 and M does not contain a 4-sided triangle then χ′(M)≤Δ(M) + 1. Javedekar (J. Graph Theory 4 (1980), 265–268) had conjectured that (C) if G is a simple graph that does not induce K1,3 or K5−e then χ(G)≤ω(G) + 1. The author and Schmerl (Discrete Math. 45 (1983), 277–285) proved that (C′) implies (C); thus Javedekar's conjecture is true.
The god squad and the origins of transplantation ethics and policy

The era of replacing human organs and their functions began with chronic dialysis and renal transplantation in the 1960s. These significant medical advances brought unprecedented problems. Among these, the selection of patients for a scarce resource was most troubling. In Seattle, where dialysis originated, a "God Committee" selected which patients would live and die. The debates over such a committee stimulated the origins of bioethics.
NIC synthesis with prescribed sources and loads

This paper presents four active RC synthesis procedures for realizing any rational voltage transfer function given arbitrary passive E.C sources and loads. The first two techniques use networks containing a single INIC, while the last two utilize networks employing a single VNTC.
Characterization of an Early Inhibitory Effect of Glucocorticoids on Stimulated Adrenocorticotropin and Endorphin Release from a Clonal Strain of Mouse Pituitary Cells

The ability of glucocorticoid steroid hormones to inhibit release of ACTH and endorphin has been studied in the mouse pituitary tumor cell strain, AtT-20/ D l6v. Inhibition of release of both peptides was first detectable at 30 min (to 80–90% of control release) and was maximal (30–50% of control) by 3–4 h of pretreatment with dexamethasone (1 × 10-6 M). Glucocorticoids did not consistently affect basal hormone release, but they inhibited release stimulated 4-to 8-fold by hypothalamic extract, phorbol esters, or 8-Br-cAMP but not high K+-stimulated release. The inhibitory effect was glucocorticoid specific and dose dependent with ED50S for dexamethasone, corticosterone, and cortisol close to their reported KdS for binding to the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor. Inhibition of release was blocked by cycloheximide (1 × 10-5 M), suggesting that protein synthesis was required. Experiments were performed to determine the site of action of glucocorticoids. Steroid pretreatment for up to 6 h had no effect on ...
In-Situ observations of oxidation and phase stability in cast nickel-based intermetallic alloys

The effects of the as-cast microstructure on the oxidation characteristics of two Ni-Al-Cr alloys with either γ or γ′ primary solidification were investigated with an in-situ, time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD) technique using synchrotron radiation. The measurements, carried out during rapid heating and cooling, showed that a segregated microstructure in these cast alloys leads to the preferential formation of zirconium oxide before the formation of aluminum oxides is detected. The oxidation leads to a change in the phase stability and to the modification of surface microstructures. Computational thermodynamic models were used to explain the preferential formation of oxides in the as-cast microstructure.
Sol-gel multilayers applied by a meniscus coating process

We describe a meniscus coating method to produce high-laser damage threshold, silica/alumina sol-gel multilayer reflectors on 30 {plus} cm substrates for laser-fusion applications. This process involves forcing a small suspension flow through a porous applicator tube, forming a falling film on the tube. A substrate contacts this film to form a meniscus. Motion of the substrate relative to the applicator entrains a thin film on the substrate, which leaves behind a porous, optical quality film upon solvent evaporation. We develop a solution for the entrained film thickness as a function of geometry, flow and fluid properties by an analysis similar to that of the classical dip-coating problem. This solution is compared with experimental measurements. Also, preliminary results of multilayer coating experiments with a prototype coater are presented, which focus on coating uniformity and laser damage threshold (LDT).
Relation of β2-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms at Codons 16 and 27 to Persistence of Asthma Symptoms After the Onset of Puberty

Background It has long been recognized that many children with asthma outgrow the disease after the onset of puberty, but little is known about genetic factors influencing this outcome Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine whether the polymorphisms at codons 16 and 27 of the β 2 -adrenoceptor are significant predictors of the persistence of asthma during adolescence Design and participants We used data from the prospective Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study. Children were genotyped for the polymorphisms at codons 16 and 27. The presence of wheezing/asthma was assessed by questionnaire from age 6 years up to the reported onset of puberty (prepubertal period) and after the onset of puberty up to age 16 years (adolescence) Results Among children who wheezed in the prepubertal period (n = 168), subjects homozygous for Gly at codon 16 were at significantly increased risk for persistent wheezing after puberty, as compared with carriers of the other genotypes (relative risk [RR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.92; p = 0.019). This relation was present among boys (RR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.36) but not girls (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.30), and increased linearly according to the frequency of wheezing episodes after the onset of puberty. These findings persisted after adjusting for ethnicity and other potential confounders and after selecting only white children. The polymorphism at codon 27 showed no relation with risk for persistent wheezing Conclusions This study provides evidence for a strong gender-specific effect of the Gly16 polymorphism on the persistence of asthma after the onset of puberty
Strain dependent effects of prenatal stress on gene expression in the rat hippocampus.

Abstract Multiple animal models have been developed to recapitulate phenotypes of the human disease, schizophrenia. A model that simulates many of the cognitive and sensory deficits of the disorder is the use of random variable prenatal stress (PS) in the rat. These deficits suggest a molecular origin in the hippocampus, a brain region that plays a role in the regulation of stress. To study both hippocampal gene expression changes in offspring of prenatally stressed dams and to address genetic variability, we used a random array of prenatal stressors in three different rat strains with diverse responses to stress: Fischer, Sprague–Dawley, and Lewis rats. Candidate genes involved in stress, schizophrenia, cognition, neurotrophic effects, and immunity were selected for assessment by real-time quantitative PCR under resting conditions and following a brief exposure to restraint stress. PS resulted in significant differences in gene expression in the offspring that were strain dependent. mRNA expression for the N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor subtype 2B ( Grin2b ) was increased, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( Tnfα ) transcript was decreased in PS Sprague–Dawley and Lewis rats, but not in the Fischer rats. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( Bdnf ) mRNA in the hippocampus was increased after an acute stress in all controls of each strain, yet a decrease was seen after acute stress in the PS Sprague–Dawley and Lewis rats. Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor ( Nr3c1 ) was decreased in the Fischer strain when compared to Lewis or Sprague–Dawley rats, though the Fischer rats had markedly higher α7 nicotinic receptor ( Chrna7 ) expression. The expression differences seen in these animals may be important elements of the phenotypic differences seen due to PS and genetic background.
Practical multipath load balancing with QoS

The Internet is based on a single-path communications model. This model imposes significant constraints on the ability of the Internet to satisfy the quality-of-service requirements of network applications, and results in significant inefficiencies in the use of network resources that are manifested as congestion. The result has been the need to over-provision Internet-based systems to meet the basic needs of modern communications. With the adoption of the Internet as the converged communication infrastructure for the 21st century, this is clearly not an acceptable long-term solution. One approach that has been identified to address these limitations is to enhance the Internet routing architecture to support multiple paths between a given source and destination. Significant research has been done into multi-path solutions for QoS and congestion, however a comprehensive solution for both QoS and congestion that is compatible with the Internet's datagram, hop-by-hop model of communication is still elusive. This paper reviews a solution presented in previous work, called Dominant Set Multipath Routing (DSMR), that addresses these requirements. The DSMR algorithm computes the best set of routes between each source and destination that provides the full range of performance available from the network. This set is used to route flows over paths that both meet the QoS requirements of the flow and minimize congestion in the network. Simulations are then presented which show the effectiveness of DSMR to provide 3 to 11 times the capacity of single-path routing while meeting QoS requirements and minimizing congestion.
A curved exponential family model for complex networks

Networks are being increasingly used to represent relational data. As the patterns of relations tends to be complex, many probabilistic models have been proposed to capture the structural properties of the process that generated the networks. Two features of network phenomena not captured by the simplest models is the variation in the number of relations individual entities have and the clustering of their relations. In this paper we present a statistical model within the curved exponential family class that can represent both arbitrary degree distributions and an average clustering coefficient. We present two tunable parameterizations of the model and give their interpretation. We also present a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm that can be used to generate networks from this model.
Sexual issues and aging within the context of work with older adult patients.

Recent studies suggest that the majority of older men and women maintain moderate or high levels of sexual interest well into their 70s but often experience sexual dysfunction. Given the burgeoning of the older adult population, psychologists are increasingly likely to find older patients in their practice with questions or concerns about sexuality. The goal of this article is to provide psychologists with current information regarding sexuality and aging, including general prevalence data, age-related biological changes (e.g., menopause), incontinence, erectile dysfunction, prostate changes, male performanceenhancing drugs (e.g., Viagra), medications’ sexual side effects, and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Practice guidelines endorse a biopsychosocial perspective, in which stereotypes, gender, partner availability, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, religious beliefs, and sexual orientation are examined. Clinicians’ potentially negative countertransference also should be recognized and worked through. Case examples illustrate many of these concepts, and directions for future research and patient care are offered.
THE LITERARY PORTRAIT AS CENTERFOLD: FETISHISM IN MARY ELIZABETH BRADDON'S LADY AUDLEY'S SECRET

FROM “MY LAST DUCHESS” to The Picture of Dorian Gray, portraits are ubiquitous in Victorian literature – lurking behind velvet curtains or stowed in locked attics, their canvases turned to the wall. The literary portrait, a variation on the copious nineteenth-century description typical of the Victorian novel, provides a verbal representation of physical appearance that most conspicuously functions to establish character. Literary portraits work vicariously, asking readers to conceptualize imaginatively what the characters actually see, requiring that they visualize a painting – see it in their mind's eye. Verbal and visual, private and portable, the literary portrait is a memento of an exciting reading experience. To better understand the appeal of literary portraits in the Victorian era, we might explore the effects of verbal description and the psychosexual impulses motivating the production of literary portraits. Victorian literary portraits commonly fetishize female subjects for a purportedly male gaze; even post-Freud, psychoanalysts view fetishism as a primarily masculine proclivity (Metz 89). Novels such as Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1862), to name only one among many, present a fetishistic portrait that seems to be a classic illustration of Mulvey's observation that “[i]n a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female” (11). Film theory offers literary critics ways to theorize specularization – the behavior of “looking” – that precinematic viewers could not yet articulate.
J. Edward Wright. Baruch Ben Neriah: From Biblical Scribe to Apocalyptic Seer. Studies on Personalities of the Old Testament. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2003. xii, 186 pp.

The purpose of Wright's study is to trace “the evolution of the depictions of Baruch ben Neriah . . . from the biblical materials through the early Jewish and Christian texts and traditions that either mention Baruch or were allegedly written by him” (xi). The book succeeds admirably. In three main chapters, Wright collects and analyzes most of the material about Baruch from the first mention of him in Jeremiah as the prophet's scribal assistant to works as late as 3 Baruch that picture him as a recipient of apocalyptic visions. A fourth chapter contains traditions about Baruch in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim sources into the Middle Ages.
Potential impacts of CF 3 I on ozone as a replacement for CF 3 Br in aircraft applications

Iodotrifluoromethane (CF 3 I) has been considered to be a candidate replacement for bromotrifluoromethane (CF 3 Br), which is used in aircraft for fuel inerting and for fire fighting. In this study, the chemical effects of aircraft-released CF 3 I on atmospheric ozone were examined with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign two-dimensional chemical-radiative-transport (UIUC 2-D CRT) model. Using an earlier estimate of the aircraft emission profile for tank inerting in military aircraft, the resulting equivalent Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODPs) for CF 3 I were in the range of 0.07 to 0.25. As a sensitivity study, we also analyzed CF 3 I emissions associated with fuel inerting if it were to occur at lower altitudes using an alternative estimate. The model calculations of resulting effects on ozone for this case gave ODPs≤0.05. Furthermore, through interactions with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we analyzed the potential effects on ozone resulting from using CF 3 I in fire fighting connected with engine nacelle and auxiliary power unit applications. The scenarios evaluated using the NIST estimate suggested that the ODPs obtained by assuming aircraft flights occurring in several different latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere are extremely low. According to the model calculation, the altitude where CF 3 I is released from aircraft is a dominant factor in its ozone depletion effects. On the assumption that the CF 3 I emission profile is representative of actual release characteristics, aircraft-released CF 3 I has much lower impacts than CF 3 Br.
Analysis of mid1p, a Protein Required for Placement of the Cell Division Site, Reveals a Link between the Nucleus and the Cell Surface in Fission Yeast

mid1 is required for the proper placement of the contractile actin ring for cytokinesis at a medial site overlying the nucleus. Here we find that mid1 protein (mid1p) shuttles between the nucleus and a cortical medial broad band during interphase and early mitosis. The position of this broad band, which overlies the nucleus, is linked to nuclear position even in cells with displaced or multiple nuclei. We identified and created mutations in an NLS and in two crm1-dependent NES sequences in mid1p. NES mutations caused mid1p accumulation in the nucleus and loss of function. An NLS mutations greatly reduced nuclear localization but did not perturb cytoplasmic localization or function. mid1p localization to the medial broad band was also not dependent on mid1p PH domain or microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. Overexpression of mid1p produced ectopic cell growth at this band during interphase and abnormal karmellae-like nuclear membrane structures. In plo1–1, mid1p formed a medial broad band but did not incorporate into a tight ring, suggesting that polo kinase plo1p is required for activation of mid1p function. Thus, the mid1p broad band defines a compartment at the medial cell surface, whose localization is linked to the position of the nucleus, and whose function may be to position the plane of cell division.
Development of novel inexpensive adsorbents from waste concrete to mitigate NOx emissions

Abstract Mitigating NOx (NO + NO2) pollution can have result in notable improvement of public health and environmental conditions, especially in urban environments. This work is the first demonstration of applications of both fresh and aged concrete as inexpensive adsorbents for NO2 removal. The gas phase uptake experiments with fresh and aged concrete demonstrated the feasibility of this approach, while infrared spectroscopy identified a potential mechanism of NO2 adsorption on concrete surfaces. A decrease in surface basicity due to carbonation appears to be the main factor for observed decrease in NO2 uptake as a function of concrete age.
A deficit in perceptual matching in the left hemisphere of a callosotomy patient.

Abstract Decades of research have demonstrated dramatic differences between the hemispheres of the brain. While the most obvious asymmetries are in the areas of language and motor control, the visuospatial abilities of the left hemisphere are also known to differ from those of the right hemisphere. This hemispheric difference has been demonstrated empirically but its basis is thus far unclear. In this paper, we investigate the hypothesis that the left hemisphere is capable of sophisticated visual processing, but represents spatial information relatively crudely compared to the right hemisphere. The implication of this hypothesis is that pattern recognition is a function of both hemispheres but the right hemisphere is further specialized for processing spatial information. In a series of seven experiments we examined perceptual matching of mirror-reversed stimuli by the divided cerebral hemispheres of a callosotomy patient. In each experiment the left hemisphere’s performance was impaired relative to the right hemisphere. This finding was independent of stimulus type, response bias and stimulus duration. These results are consistent with the idea that visual processing in the left hemisphere is directed towards pattern recognition at the expense of spatial information.
Technology in K-12 Mathematics Classrooms

Technology integration in mathematics classrooms is important to the field of education, not only because today's society is becoming more and more advanced and reliant upon technology but also because schools are beginning to embrace technology as an essential part of their curricula. The Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 2000) and the National Educational Technology Standards (International Society of Technology in Education [ISTE], 2005) for both teachers and students emphasize the importance of technology in teaching and learning for K-12. There is a variety of technologies integrated into mathematics classrooms that support different teaching and learning strategies and objectives. Of particular interest here are the educational technologies used in K-12 mathematics classrooms and their effects on instruction and student learning. Educational Technologies Used in Mathematics Classrooms Calculators. Calculators are one of the essential' technologies in mathematics classrooms that enhance student understanding (NCTM, 2000). Specifically, graphing calculators provide students and teachers with comprehensive ways to investigate, explore, and discover concepts (Harskamp, Suhre, & Van Streun, 2000). Graphing calculators are more prevalent in high schools (Dion, Harvey, Jackson, Klag, Liu, & Wright, 2001), and their use promotes deeper conceptual understanding by exposing students to multiple representations of mathematical concepts (Doerr & Zangor, 2000; Smith, 1998). Using calculators increases students' higher-order thinking skills and motivation (Phillips-Bey, 2004). These cumulative effects have been interpreted as helping to create an enhanced understanding of mathematics. Interactive Whiteboard While blackboards or whiteboards are universally used in every classroom, they are being replaced with interactive whiteboards. This
Imatinib alone and in combination for chronic myeloid leukemia

Imatinib mesylate (STI571, Gleevec, Glivec; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) has profoundly changed the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The unprecedented efficacy of a drug that specifically acts on the causative lesion in a malignant disorder is a proof of principle for the concept of molecular targeted therapy. This article will review the development of imatinib as a new therapy for CML. Data regarding the use of higher than the standard dose of 400 mg of imatinib and combinations of imatinib with other antileukemic agents will be discussed in the context of emerging data regarding resistance mechanisms.
Spatial autoregression model: strong consistency

Abstract Let ( α n , β n ) denote the Gauss–Newton estimator of the parameter (α,β) in the autoregression model Zij=αZi−1,j+βZi,j−1−αβZi−1,j−1+eij. It is shown in an earlier paper that when α=β=1, {n 3/2 ( α n −α, β n −β)} converges in distribution to a bivariate normal random vector. A two-parameter strong martingale convergence theorem is employed here to prove that n r ( α n −α, β n −β)→ 0 almost surely when r 3 2 .
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis in a Hispanic Man With Travel History to Japan

Diffuse panbronchiolitis is a chronic airflow disorder of obscure origin, which has been reported infrequently outside of Japan and never with any long-term follow-up. We report such a case in a Hispanic man. Furthermore, this patient had an extensive travel history to the Far East, including Japan. This case raises the possibility of a poorly transmissible infectious agent responsible for the disease.
Solid–liquid phase change driven by internal heat generation

Abstract This article presents results of solid–liquid phase change, the Stefan Problem, where melting is driven internal heat generation, in a cylindrical geometry. The comparison between a quasi-static analytical solution for Stefan numbers less than one and numerical solutions shows good agreement. The computational results of phase change with internal heat generation show how convection cells form in the liquid region. A scale analysis of the same problem shows four distinct regions of the melting process.
Disturbance Field Characteristics of a Transversely Excited Burner

Transverse acoustic instabilities in premixed, swirl-stabilized flames are an important problem in low NOx combustors. Transverse excitation of swirling flames involves complex interactions between acoustic waves and fluid mechanic instabilities. This paper presents high-speed PIV characterization of the flow field characteristics of a swirling, annular jet under reacting and nonreacting conditions. These data show that the flame response to transverse acoustic excitation is a superposition of acoustic and vortical disturbances that fluctuate in both the longitudinal and transverse direction. In the nozzle near-field region, the disturbance field is a complex superposition of short wavelength and convecting vortical disturbances, as well as longer wavelength transverse and longitudinal acoustic disturbances. Very near the nozzle, distinct vortical structures are evident that are associated with the separating inner and outer annulus shear layers. Their relative phasing on the left and right side of the bu...
Two microcantilever designs: lumped-parameter model for static and modal analysis

This paper develops a lumped-parameter analytical model to enable static load-deformation and modal analysis for two microcantilever designs that can be utilized in mass detection and AFM applications. The circularly filleted microcantilever is currently utilized in several applications, whereas the elliptically filleted configuration is novel. Closed-form compliance/stiffness equations are derived for both microcantilevers in lumped form to permit design in the static regime for both long and short members. Lumped effective inertia fractions are also formulated for the two designs and used in conjunction with the lumped stiffness fractions to quantify the modal response. It is thus possible to tune the static and modal responses of these specific microcantilever designs by geometry alterations. The analytical equations are confirmed through limit calculations, finite element simulation, and experimental results available in the literature.
Faith, the RE Teacher and Year 9

Although the focus of this paper is an area that might be seen as the preserve of religious education, it raises issues and offers insights which are relevant to all those concerned with the personal and social development of young people. Sharon Sims-King asks to what degree it is necessary for an RE teacher to have faith, and from this goes on to consider what we mean by ‘faith’ in any case. Has it become a contentless reassurance devoid of any real meaning? A small survey of Year 9 pupils shows that they have quite complex and differentiated views on the nature of faith, and also fairly broad views of the type of faith that should be expected of RE teachers. The findings are encouraging, demonstrating as they do that the young people of today are able to reflect on the ‘big issues’. This study also illustrates the importance of investigating the views and attitudes of young people at school, and not assuming that the views of teachers and policy-makers are all there is to be said on this important topic.
Temperature and SAR calculations for a human head within volume and surface coils at 64 and 300 MHz

Purpose: To examine relationships between specific energy absorption rate (SAR) and temperature distributions in the human head during radio frequency energy deposition in MRI. Materials and Methods: A multi-tissue numerical model of the head was developed that considered thermal conductivity, heat capacity, perfusion, heat of metabolism, electrical properties, and density. Calculations of SAR and the resulting temperature increase were performed for different coils at different frequencies. Results: Because of tissue-dependant perfusion rates and thermal conduction, there is not a good overall spatial correlation between SAR and temperature increase. When a volume coil is driven to induce a head average SAR level of either 3.0 or 3.2 W/kg, it is unlikely that a significant temperature increase in the brain will occur due to its high rate of perfusion, although limits on SAR in an y1go ftissue in the head may be exceeded. Conclusion: Attempts to ensure RF safety in MRI often rely on assumptions about local temperature from local SAR levels. The relationship between local SAR and local temperature is not, however, straightforward. In cases where high SAR levels are required due to pulse sequence demands, calculations of temperature may be preferable to calculations of SAR because of the more direct relationship between temperature and safety.
ePAD: Earthquake Probability‐Based Automated Decision‐Making Framework for Earthquake Early Warning

The benefits and feasibility of earthquake early warning (EEW) are becoming more appreciated throughout the world. An EEW system detects an earthquake initiation based on a seismic sensor network and broadcasts a warning of the predicted location and magnitude shortly before an earthquake hits a site. The typical range of this lead time is very short, for example, from a few seconds up to a minute in California, which is a huge challenge for applications taking advantage of EEW. As a result, a robust automated decision process about whether to initiate a mitigation action is essential. Recent approaches based on cost–benefit analyses to properly treat the trade-off between false alarms and missed alarms still face challenges in practical use, such as the exclusion of an important factor, lead time, in the real-time decision process. In this study, we lay out an earthquake probability-based automated decision-making (ePAD) framework to give a general decision criterion based on basic decision theory and an existing cost–benefit analysis procedure. The concepts of decision function, decision contour, and surrogate model are utilized to achieve fast computation and to allow comparison between various decision criteria. A value of information model is developed to handle the lead time of EEW and its uncertainty to reduce the “false response rate” in the cost–benefit trade-off. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate how this framework allows more flexibility for users to adapt ePAD to correspond to their desired rational decision behavior.
On adaptive friction compensation without velocity measurement

The estimation and compensation of friction that may be present in a control system in which the velocity cannot be directly measured are considered. The compensator uses two observers: one to estimate the velocity and another which uses the velocity estimate of the first to estimate the friction coefficient. Local stability of the system is shown, and favorable simulation results are presented. >
EFFECT OF PRACTICE ON EXPANSION OF PERIPHERAL VISION

Summasy.-This study was designed to test the effect of praccice on the expansion of peripheral vision. 24 college speed reading students were tested for a measure of peripheral vision with a Lafayette Color Perimeter. Half of the Ss practiced detection of a white stimulus object for a period of G wk. Ss serving as controls assisted by moving the carrier into the visual field of an experimental partner. Analysis of variance showed significant increase in visual fields for all Ss, experimental and control. Attention factors and equipment used in the speed reading classes appear to account for these results.
Enumeration, Characterization, and Monitoring of Paricles in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

The control of extraneous particles and prevention of their gaining access to injectable products or medical devices is a key issue in pharmaceutical manufacture. Particles occurring in the as-manufactured injectable material can arise from the container closure, the solution or powder itself, or from the environment. The ultimate control of particulate matter in pharmaceutical manufacture is not achieved through compendial limits, but through the manufacturer’s application of good manufacturing practice (GMP). GMP dictates the consistent execution of a thoroughly validated process, and the monitoring and control of particulate matter related to each process step and process component. This paper serves to (1) review particulate matter control in pharmaceutical manufacture; (2) discuss instrumental particle analysis; and 3) familiarize the reader with control and monitoring of extraneous particles in pharmaceutical manufacture.
“Till Eyes and Tears Be the Same Things”: Marvell’s Spirituality and the Senses of History

This article describes a Marvellian spirituality that remains generally continuous despite an evolving theological outlook. It contends that Marvell’s poetry dramatizes the persistence of Original Sin within vulnerable and impermanent green enclosures; thus, the subject must always return to an inexorable history and materiality in which spirituality is grounded. The article considers Marvell’s skepticism and unusual conception of eschatological time, these being informed by the Book of Ecclesiastes. For Marvell, meditation on history remains bound up not only with spirituality but also with sensory perception — in particular, with the optical and tactile senses of water. The article concludes with a comparative analysis, of Marvell’s “Eyes and Tears” and Richard Crashaw’s “The Weeper,” that redefines Marvell as a deliberately anti-metaphysical poet.
Prior hypomethylating agent use lacks impact on clinical outcome in patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia arising from myelodysplastic syndromes treated with standard induction chemotherapy

Patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) arising from prior myelodysplastic syndromes have poor prognosis. Anthracycline plus cytarabine (7 + 3) is a standard treatment option for patients who are fit for intensive therapy. In the present study, 22 of 96 sAML patients (23 %) were treated with 7 + 3 and achieved median overall survival (OS) of 9.8 months. Hypomethylating agents (HMA) were given for MDS in 6/22 (28 %) of the patients. When evaluating the prior HMA group, CR/CRi was 50 % for those with prior HMA exposure and 63 % for those without HMA exposure (P = 0.6). Median OS was 14 months for prior HMA exposure vs 10 months for no prior HMA (P = 0.9). The outcome of sAML patients who were treated with 7 + 3 continues to be poor. No statistical significant difference was found between response rates and mOS between prior HMA exposure or not. Additional larger studies are needed to confirm our results.
Abstract A15: Disparities by race/ethnicity in cancer survivor stories available on the Web

Background: The rapid growth of e-health could have the unintended effect of deepening health disparities between population sub-groups. Most concerns to date have focused on population differences in access to technology, but differences may also exist in the appropriateness of online health content for diverse populations. Objective: This paper reports findings from the first descriptive study of online cancer survivor stories by race and ethnicity of the survivor. Methods: Using the five highest rated Internet search engines and a set of search terms a layperson would use to find cancer survivor stories online, we identified 3738 distinct sites. Of these, 106 met study criteria and contained 7995 total stories, including 1708 with an accompanying photo or video image of the survivor. Characteristics of both Web sites and survivor stories were coded. Results: All racial minority groups combined accounted for 9.7% of online cancer survivor stories, despite making up over 30% of the U.S. population. Also notably underrepresented were stories from those of Hispanic ethnicity (4%), men (36%), survivors of colon cancer (3%), and older adults. Conclusions: Because minority cancer survivors are underrepresented in survivor stories available online, it is unlikely that this e-health resource in its current form will help eliminate the disproportionate burden of cancer experienced by these groups.
Serum Triiodothyronine Concentrations in Riboflavin-Deficient, Diabetic and Normal Mice

SummaryThe riboflavin nutritional status was assessed by activity coefficient (AC) of glutathione reductase in erythrocyte hemolysates of normal Swiss albino (SA) and genetically diabetic (KK) mice aged 8-9 months. AC values greater than 1.3 were considered as evidence of riboflavin deficiency. Based upon AC values, both SA and KK mice were divided into normal and riboflavin-deficient groups. In some young SA mice, riboflavin deficiency was produced by feeding of a riboflavin-deficient diet. In both normal and riboflavin-deficient mice, the serum L-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The results indicate that the T3 concentration is not affected either in riboflavin deficiency or in genetic diabetes.