cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Child Distress on Accommodation of Anxiety: Relations With Maternal Beliefs, Empathy, and Anxiety

Little is known about the influence of child behaviors on accommodation of anxiety and how accommodation relates to other parent factors. The present study examined the comparative effect of high and low levels of child distress on mother-reported accommodation, mother factors in relation to accommodation, and moderators of the relation between accommodation and child distress. Maternal perceptions of accommodation were measured by vignettes depicting youth exhibiting high or low levels of distress in anxiety-provoking situations that elicited social anxiety, generalized anxiety, or separation anxiety in a sample of 7- to 17-year-old youth with anxiety disorders (N = 70, M = 11.66, 47.1% male). Findings indicated an effect of child distress on mother-reported accommodation of youth anxiety, such that mothers reported more overall accommodation under conditions of high child distress; situation-level analyses revealed this effect for social and generalized anxiety situations. Furthermore, an association wa...
Tourist Research—A Regent Development at the Universities:

coast, in the mountains, or in the northern woods. Industry leaders estimate that a total of more than $22,000,ooo,000oo was spent in all forms of domestic and foreign travel by Americans in 1952, according to a report published by the University of Maryland. This source mentions 33 states in which the income from the tourist trade was reported to exceed $ioo,ooo,ooo. In some states and areas this accounts for a sizable share of the
CAPD therapy for patients over 80 years of age.

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to review our experience with patients over 80 years of age with end stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).De...
Tissue conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine.

Summary(1) I131-labeled thyroxine was administered intravenously to normal and thyroidectomized rats and the animals sacrificed at varying time intervals thereafter. Specimens of liver, kidney and muscle were homogenized, extracted with butanol and the extracts were subjected to kieselguhr chromatographic analysis. Small amounts of triiodothyronine were recovered from all 3 tissues in about 20% of the analyses carried out. (2) When triiodothyronine was administered and the tissues subjected to the same conditions, no thyroxine was recovered. (3) When the tissues of rats given thyroxine were homogenized and subjected to fractionation into their subcellular components, triiodothyronine was more readily recovered than was the case where the whole homogenate was used. A possible explanation for this is discusses.
An Overview of the Complexities in Obesity: Limitations and Challenges

A recent survey, even one limited to human studies, found considerable “publication scatter” in that more than 250 different professional journals publish articles on obesity. Over the years, and p...
INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT IN A PATIENT WITH HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION (Wilson’s Disease)

(1968). INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT IN A PATIENT WITH HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION (Wilson’s Disease) The Journal of Mental Subnormality: Vol. 14, No. 27, pp. 91-95.
Three Improvement Stages of Anti-pollution Flashover Coating in Power System of China

Anti-pollution flashover coating,as temporary and remediation product,has great potential in power system of China and been put into full play in anti-pollution project.But the application of anti-pollution flashover coating in China underwent twists and turns which include 3 stages.The first stage is temporary and remediation production stage which characterized by lower production combination property.The second stage is standard stage which characterized by geratly improved production combination property.The last stage is normal and persistent stage which characterized by factory and scaled producing in stead of site operation.
GTP gammaS removal of D-600 block of skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling.

G proteins interacting with dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR) in transverse tubules (TT) of skeletal muscle may have a role in skeletal excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of G protein-specific nucleotides [guanosine 59-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gammaS) and guanosine 59-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP betaS)] on the EC coupling mechanism in the presence of D-600, an agent that blocks EC coupling by immobilizing the voltage-sensing subunit of the DHPR in its inactivated state. By use of the mechanically peeled single-fiber preparation from rabbit adductor magnus skeletal muscle, 50 microM GTP gammaS and 500 microM GDP betaS were applied with the fiber in a D-600-induced state of blocked EC coupling. Neither nucleotide served as an independent stimulus for sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release when added to the TT polarizing bath under conditions of D-600 block. The presence of GTP gammaS or GDP betaS during a complete EC coupling cycle removed the D-600 block of EC coupling, despite continuous bath D-600. After the nucleotides were washed out, in the continued presence of D-600, the D-600 block of EC coupling was reestablished. In contrast, GTP gammaS added only during the period of TT depolarization under D-600 block did not remove the D-600 block of EC coupling, even though GTP gammaS did stimulate SR Ca2+ release. GTP gammaS had no effect on submaximum (0.5-1.0 mM) caffeine contractures and thus is unlikely to be acting through the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism of the SR. These data suggest that the molecular binding site for GTP gammaS and GDP betaS is likely to be in the TT near the DHPR, perhaps on a G protein.
The Effect of Gubernatorial Support on Legislative Behavior in the Russian Duma

Recent research on Russian Duma elections argues that governors have influenced the election of single-member district deputies (Hale 2005, 2006; Smyth 2006). This raises the specter that governors can influence the behavior of these deputies. Based on broader comparative research, Russia features several characteristics that should allow regional leaders to impact deputies: a federalist system, an electoral system that encourages regional representation, weak political parties, and regional leaders with electoral resources. Using data from the third post-communist Duma, I demonstrate that single-member district deputies backed by regional leaders in the 1999 Duma election behaved differently in two critical areas: parliamentary party choice and support for the presidential legislative agenda. Gubernatorial support did not, however, affect committee choice.
Surgery for stress urinary incontinence.

Female stress urinary incontinence, a common problem causing various degrees of disability, is attributable to defective external or internal urethral sphinter mechanisms. Evaluation of the problem should include objective testing. Management options include conservative (nonoperative) and surgical approaches that may be individualized to the particular patient’s needs. The authors discuss the various surgical procedures, their indications, success rates, and complications.
Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of myelogenous leukemias

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) differ dramatically from conventional therapeutic agents in their mechanisms of actions and in their biochemical and biological properties [1–3]. On the one hand, mAbs are capable of selective targeting of tumor cells while avoiding normal tissues. MAbs are able to kill tumor cells via a variety of intrinsic (immunological) and extrinsic (by use of carried cytotoxic agents) modes. On the other hand, these molecules are large, poorly diffusible into areas of bulky disease, and highly immunogenic, rendering repeated infusions difficult. These advantages and disadvantages must be carefully considered in the application of mAb to the treatment of hematopoietic cancers.
A 27 GHz 20 ps PNP technology

Summary form only given. A high-performance double-poly p-n-p technology, with features allowing it to be easily integrated into a more general complementary bipolar process, is described. These advanced p-n-p transistors have 80-nm-wide ion-implanted bases and optimized emitter and collector dopant profiles and are fabricated on a thin p-type epilaver in order to achieve high collector current driving capability. The devices have a measured cutoff frequency of 27 GHz, making them the fastest silicon p-n-p bipolar transistors reported to date. Experimental results on the device characteristics are presented. >
Clopidogrel Improves Skin Microcirculatory Endothelial Function in Persons With Heightened Platelet Aggregation

Background Platelet activation can lead to enhanced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and endothelial dysfunction. To quantify the effects of platelet inhibition on endothelial function, we assessed platelet activity of healthy persons before and after clopidogrel administration and evaluated its effects on endothelial function. We hypothesized that clopidogrel, by attenuating platelet activity, would result in enhanced endothelial function. Methods and Results Microcirculatory endothelial function was quantified by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) mediated by thermal hyperemia (TH) and postocclusive reactive hyperemia, respectively, in 287 and 241 relatively healthy and homogenous Old Order Amish persons. LDF and platelet aggregation measures were obtained at baseline and after 7 days of clopidogrel administration. Our primary outcome was percentage change in post‐ versus preclopidogrel LDF measures. Preclopidogrel TH‐LDF and platelet aggregation were higher in women than in men ( P <0.001). Clopidogrel administration was associated with ≈2‐fold higher percentage change in TH‐LDF in participants with high versus low baseline platelet aggregation (39.4±10.1% versus 17.4±5.6%, P =0.03). Clopidogrel also increased absolute TH‐LDF measures in persons with high platelet aggregation (1757±766 to 2154±1055, P =0.03), with a more prominent effect in women (1909±846 to 2518±1048, P =0.001). There was no evidence that clopidogrel influenced postocclusive reactive hyperemia LDF measures. Conclusions The administration of clopidogrel in healthy persons with high baseline platelet aggregation results in improved TH‐induced microcirculatory endothelial function. These data suggest that clopidogrel may have a beneficial effect on microcirculatory endothelial function, presumably through antiplatelet activity, and may confer additional vascular benefits. Clinical Trial Registration URL: . Unique identifier: NCT00799396.
Application of polypyrrole-based selective electrodes in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine nitrate concentration

Nitrate is a commonly found nitrogen species in the environment, especially in agricultural regions. Since excessive nitrate accumulation has negative impacts on the environment, the quantitative monitoring of nitrate levels in the field is a critical component of precision agriculture. Researchers recently showed the application of plasticized polyvinyl chloride electrodes in conjunction with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to monitor nitrate levels. In this paper, we show that nitrate doped polypyrrole (PPy(NO 3 −)) electrodes (which have a simpler fabrication) also have the potential of serving as nitrate sensors in EIS applications. To the knowledge of the authors, PPy(NO 3 −) electrodes have not been used before to monitor nitrate levels using EIS. Using a metric extracted from the low-frequency EIS behavior of our PPy(NO 3 −) electrodes, we also show the potential of realizing a nitrate sensor whose output response spans ∼100X for an input dosage range of 30ppm–6200ppm. This may lead to the future development of low-power and responsive nitrate sensors for large-scale field deployment.
Low-rank, sparse and line constrained estimation: Applications to target tracking and convergence

In this paper, the incorporation of a line constraint is considered for structured estimation. In particular, multiple forms of structure on matrices are extended from low-rank and sparsity. The line constraint is introduced via a rotation that yields a secondary low rank condition. The proposed method is applied to single object tracking in video wherein the trajectory can be parameterized as a line. The optimization is solved via the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier method. Measurable performance improvement is observed over previous background subtraction methods that do not exploit the line structure. An aggregated error is proven to converge to zero and a boundedness analysis is conducted which suggests that the iterative algorithm is convergent.
Review of Stevia rebaudiana: Chemical Composition, Uses and Health Promoting Aspects: David Betancur-Ancona and Maira Segura-Campos (Eds.). New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc., 2015. Reviewed by Rosanna T. Lindquist, The Hershey Company, Hershey, Pennsylvania.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that, in 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight and over 600 million were obese (WHO, 2016b). In addition, the WHO indi...
Endovascular Removal of Inferior Vena Cava Filters with Arterial Penetration.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and outcomes of endovascular percutaneous removal of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) with elements penetrating an artery. Materials and Methods From an IVCF retrieval database, computerized tomographic scans of patients who underwent IVCF retrieval from 2011 to 2017 were reviewed for IVCF elements penetrating through the caval wall and into an adjacent arterial wall (AW) or penetrating into an adjacent arterial lumen (AL). Forty-two patients were identified, including 20 with elements penetrating into an AW and 22 with elements penetrating into an AL; 30 of these IVCFs were tip embedded. Results All of the filters in both groups were removed. Of the arterial-interacting filters, 9 were removed with the use of standard techniques and 33 with the use of endobronchial forceps. Arterial access was obtained before removal in 3 patients (7%) with post-removal arteriography revealing no abnormalities, such as extravasation, pseudoaneurysm, or new fractured components. There was no significant difference between groups in tip embedding, retrieval technique, or fluoroscopy time. Conclusions Endovascular removal of IVCFs with elements that have penetrated into adjacent arterial walls or lumens can be performed safely in the majority of patients.
Corneal Inflammation and Complement

Over the past decade there have been numerous studies demonstrating the integral role of complement in the pathogenesis of various disease processes (Muller-Eberhard, 1977). Activated complement is known to mediate tissue inflammation and may also destroy cells. There are two ways in which complement is activated: the classical and the alternate pathway (Roitt, 1977). The classical complement pathway depends upon an antibody-antigen interaction which activates the first component (C1) of the classical pathway with the sequential activation of the rest of the complement components down to C9 (Fig. 1).
High-temperature and high-field cycling reliability of PZT films embedded within 130 nm CMOS

We present a systematic reliability study of PZT polarization retention after exposure to high temperatures and high-field cycling. After a 260 °C Pb-free solder assembly reflow-like exposure, a signal margin of >10 μC/cm2 is achieved at a read voltage of 1 V. Extraction of the Preisach distribution after thermal depolarization and restore exhibits an increase in the positive coercive voltage by 45 % while the negative coercive voltage shows minimal deviation ( 108 cycles is observed. Asymmetry in coercive voltage is minimized after wakeup and remanent polarization maximized. After fatigue, a signal margin >10 μC/cm2 is maintained for read voltages >0.8 V.
Joseph A. Schumpeter: Not Guilty of Plagiarism but of “Infelicities of Attribution”

Throughout his academic life, Eli Schwartz’s field of specialization has been Corporate Finance. In 1962 he published his successful text, Corporate Finance, and in 2007, with John B. Guerard, Jr., he co-authored Quantitative Corporate Finance. For decades he has ruled supremely in this field at Lehigh’s College of Business; and today generations of his former students are plying the skills they acquired from him throughout the U.S.
Removing the Effects of Surface Roughness from Low-Frequency Acoustic Images

We have built a low-frequency scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) that measures both amplitude and phase. The majority of SAMs simply measure the amplitude of the reflected signal. Measuring the phase gives a great deal more information. For one thing, the phase is very sensitive to height variations. Measuring the phase also gives us the ability to do signal processing on the resulting images, such as removing the effects of surface features from defocused images of subsurface defects.
Idiodynamics in re Personality Theory and Psychoarchaeology

Idiodynamics is the science of the idioverse. The idioverse consists of the population of events experienced by a single unique individual. This conception supersedes that of personality because the idioverse purports to be a more direct and objective formulation. The idioverse is understood, in large measure, by “markers” that are peculiar to the individual and are discovered through a study of the totality of the individual's expressed experience. Three types of norms afford these data for observation: the nomothetic, the demographic, and the idiodynamic. All are essential for an understanding of how the individual participates in the experience of the self and of others. A biogenic medium and a sociogenic medium overlap in the formulation of the idioverse, and these media overlap and converge to constitute a matrix that provides idiodynamic norms. Comprehension of the idioverse reveals the individual as a self-creative and dynamic process. Idiodynamics should be distinguished from the earlier idiographic approach to individuality. Psychoarchaeology is the reconstruction of biographical identities and/or sources. This methodology is well illustrated in Morton Prince's classic case of dissociation (Sally Beauchamp).
Cyclic descents for general skew tableaux

Abstract A cyclic descent function on standard Young tableaux of size n is a function that restricts to the usual descent function when n is omitted, such that the number of standard Young tableaux of given shape with cyclic descent set D ⊂ [ n ] is invariant under any modulo n shift of D. The notion of cyclic descent was first studied for rectangles by Rhoades, and then generalized to certain families of skew shapes by Adin, Elizalde, and Roichman. Adin, Reiner, and Roichman proved that a skew shape has a cyclic descent map if and only if it is not a connected ribbon. Unfortunately, their proof is nonconstructive; until now, explicit cyclic descent maps are known only for small families of shapes. In this paper, we construct an explicit cyclic descent map for all shapes where this is possible. We thus provide a constructive proof of Adin, Reiner, and Roichman's result. Our construction of a cyclic descent map generalizes many of the constructions in the literature.
Tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) compared to antibiotic (abx) use to predict for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophagogastric cancer (EGC).

4056Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have clear activity in EGC. However, benefit is modest in an unselected population. TMB may be of value as a quantitive ma...
The meaning of ‘populism’:

This essay presents a novel approach to specifying the meaning of the concept of populism, on the political position it occupies and on the nature of populism. Employing analytic techniques of conc...
A comparative analysis of machine learning methods for emotion recognition using EEG and peripheral physiological signals

Emotion recognition using brain signals has the potential to change the way we identify and treat some health conditions. Difficulties and limitations may arise in general emotion recognition software due to the restricted number of facial expression triggers, dissembling of emotions, or among people with alexithymia. Such triggers are identified by studying the continuous brainwaves generated by human brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from the brain give us a more diverse insight on emotional states that one may not be able to express. Brainwave EEG signals can reflect the changes in electrical potential resulting from communications networks between neurons. This research involves analyzing the epoch data from EEG sensor channels and performing comparative analysis of multiple machine learning techniques [namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression and Decision Trees each of these models] were tested with and without principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. Grid search was also utilized for hyper-parameter tuning for each of the tested machine learning models over Spark cluster for lowered execution time. The DEAP Dataset was used in this study, which is a multimodal dataset for the analysis of human affective states. The predictions were based on the labels given by the participants for each of the 40 1-min long excerpts of music. music. Participants rated each video in terms of the level of arousal, valence, like/dislike, dominance and familiarity. The binary class classifiers were trained on the time segmented, 15 s intervals of epoch data, individually for each of the 4 classes. PCA with SVM performed the best and produced an F1-score of 84.73% with 98.01% recall in the 30th to 45th interval of segmentation. For each of the time segments and “a binary training class” a different classification model converges to a better accuracy and recall than others. The results prove that different classification models must be used to identify different emotional states.
The Relationship of Body Size and Shape to Physical Performance

(1952). The Relationship of Body Size and Shape to Physical Performance. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 271-279.
Exocyst structural changes associated with activation of tethering downstream of Rho/Cdc42 GTPases

The exocyst complex plays a critical role in determining both temporal and spatial dynamics of exocytic vesicle tethering and fusion with the plasma membrane. However, the mechanism by which the exocyst functions and how it is regulated remain poorly understood. Here we describe a novel biochemical assay for the examination of exocyst function in vesicle tethering. Importantly, the assay is stimulated by gain-of-function mutations in the Exo70 component of the exocyst, selected for their ability to bypass Rho/Cdc42 activation in vivo. Single-particle electron microscopy and 3D reconstructions of negatively stained exocyst complexes reveal a structural change in the mutant exocyst that exposes a binding site for the v-SNARE. We demonstrate a v-SNARE requirement in our tethering assay and increased v-SNARE binding to exocyst gain-of-function complexes. Together, these data suggest an allosteric mechanism for activation involving a conformational change in one subunit of the complex, which is relayed through the complex to regulate its biochemical activity in vitro, as well as overall function in vivo.
Time to SHAPE Up: developing policies, standards and practices that are socially just

Background: The Society for Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE) America has guided physical education curriculum, instruction, and assessment in the United States (US) for well over 100 years. We...
Proton and photon radiosensitization effects of niraparib, a PARP‐1/‐2 inhibitor, on human head and neck cancer cells

BACKGROUND Combining photon or proton radiotherapy with targeted therapy shows promise for head and neck cancer (HNSCC). The poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase-1/2 inhibitor niraparib targets DNA damage repair (DDR). We evaluated the effects of niraparib in combination with photons or protons, and its effects on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons, in human HNSCC cell lines. METHODS Radiosensitivity was assessed and RBE was calculated with clonogenic survival assays; unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks were evaluated using immunocytochemical analysis of 53BP1 foci. RESULTS Niraparib reduced colony formation in two of the four cell lines tested (P < .05), enhanced radiosensitivity in all four cell lines, delayed DDR (P < .05), and increased proton vs photon RBE. CONCLUSION Niraparib enhanced the sensitivity of four HNSCC cell lines to both photons and protons and increased the RBE of protons, possibly by inhibiting DDR. Niraparib may enhance the effectiveness of both photon and proton radiotherapy for patients with HNSCC.
Pseudo-Appendicitis in an Adolescent With COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency in 2020. Patients with COVID-19 may present with variable clinical features, involving pulmonary, gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms. Notwithstanding, the acute abdomen as a presentation of COVID-19 is rare. We report an adolescent with confirmed COVID-19, initially presented with acute abdominal pain mimicking appendicitis. Our case highlights the inaccuracy of using clinical diagnosis for surgical abdomen in the COVID-19 era. Clinicians should perform screening COVID-19 tests in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain before admitting the patients to implement proper preventive measures in order to reduce viral transmission to other patients and healthcare professionals. Confirmed COVID-19 patients with acute abdomen may need proper imaging tests before surgery to avoid iatrogenic complications.
InFO_SoW (System-on-Wafer) for High Performance Computing

A novel wafer-scale system integration solution, InFO_SoW (System-on-Wafer), has been successfully developed to integrate known-good chips arrays with power and thermal module for high performance computing. InFO_SoW eliminates the use of substrate and PCB by serving as the carrier itself. Close packed multiple chips arrays within a compact system enable the solution to reap the wafer-scale benefits such as low latency chip-to-chip communication, high bandwidth density and low PDN impedance for greater computing performance and power efficiency. In addition to heterogeneous chips integration, its wafer-field processing capability has enabled chiplet-based design for greater cost saving and design flexibility.This paper demonstrated the industry’s first wafer-scale system integration package with InFO technology. Electrical characterization results revealed good process uniformity across the super large package of InFO_SoW. It is simulated to have about 15 % power saving of the interconnects with length of 30 mm due to lower surface roughness of InFO RDL. Thermal management of such high power in a compact system has been validated through scalable proof-of-concept (POC) thermal solution. The POC thermal solution proved its capability of dissipating 7000 W out of the 2-by-5 array dummy heater, whereby the maximal temperature of the dummy heater is kept below 90°C. In addition, InFO_SoW structural robustness has been verified through both InFO wafer-level quick torture and system-level reliability tests. Despite its super large package size, thermomechanical Chip-Package-Interaction (CPI) simulation study revealed that InFO_SoW has relatively low risk when compared to qualified Flip-Chip package with advanced Si-node.
Correction of Severe Frontal Bossing with Coronal Brow Lift and Osteoplastic Frontal Sinus Setback Aided by Virtual Surgical Planning: A Case Report:

Objective:An 18 year old male with a hypoplastic midface, low anterior hairline, heavy brows and marked frontal bossing presented for evaluation. Laboratory evaluation for acromegaly was negative. ...
Covid-19 Will Reduce US Life Expectancy at Birth by More Than One Year in 2020

On December 3 rd , 2020, the cumulative number of U.S. Covid-19 deaths tallied by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) online dashboard reached 275,000, surpassing the number at which life table calculations show Covid-19 mortality will lower the U.S. life expectancy at birth (LEB) for 2020 by one full year. Such an impact on the U.S. LEB is unprecedented since the end of World War II. With additional deaths by the year end, the reduction in 2020 LEB induced by Covid-19 deaths will inexorably exceed one year. Factoring the expected continuation of secular gains against other causes of mortality, the U.S. LEB should still drop by more than a full year between 2019 and 2020. By comparison, the opioid-overdose crisis led to a decline in U.S. LEB averaging .1 year annually, from 78.9 years in 2014 to 78.6 years in 2017. At its peak, the HIV epidemic reduced the U.S. LEB by .3 year in a single year, from 75.8 years in 1992 to 75.5 years in 1993. As of now, the US LEB is expected to fall back to the level it first reached in 2010. In other words, the impact of Covid-19 on U.S. mortality can be expected to cancel a decade of gains against all other causes of mortality combined.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Prevalence in Asymptomatic Newborns in an Urban Tertiary Hospital in the Southeastern United States.

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a leading cause of hearing loss and mental delay. Infants may be asymptomatic at birth and may pass their Universal hearing test. Early identification of CMV-infected infants will allow earlier evaluation and management that may prove to be effective in reducing the risk of morbidity. The prevalence of congenital CMV infection in United States varies geographically from 0.5-5% and is unknown for our region. Objectives: Study …
Journaling as a Form of Dialogue with Students

Legal Writing Professors provide individual students with multiple methods to improve their writing, but are not always sure which strategies are truly helpful. By encouraging students to engage in an informal journaling process, writing faculty are better able to assess the effectiveness of various methodologies in producing better outcomes for each student. This information can then be applied to the class as a whole.
Collaboration on evidence synthesis in Africa: a network study of growing research capacity.

BACKGROUND Evidence-based practice in medicine and social policy relies heavily on evidence synthesis. To translate evidence into practical guidelines for low- and middle-income countries, local expertise is essential. The objectives of this study are to assess the change in capacity for conducting evidence synthesis in Africa and to identify key African institutions for regional capacity-building. We take on a network perspective, considering that the position of an institution in the African evidence ecosystem is one constituent of its research capacity. METHODS We systematically identified 3548 evidence synthesis publications between 2008 and 2019 with at least one author in Africa from the Web of Science Core Collection. These articles involved 3769 institutions. Longitudinal institution-level collaboration network data were constructed based on co-authorship information. We used social network analysis to examine the institutions' connectivity and tendency for intra- and interregional collaboration. We also identified the degree- and betweenness-central African institutions and explored the structure and composition of their local network neighbourhoods. RESULTS The number of African institutions involved in evidence synthesis has increased substantially over the last decade, from 31 in 2008 to 521 in 2019, and so has the number of evidence synthesis publications with authors in Africa. African institutions in the evidence ecosystem have also become more connected during this period. Although the amount of intercontinental collaboration continues to exceed that of regional collaboration, the tendency for African institutions to collaborate with partners in Africa is increasing. We identified seven institutions-in South Africa, Egypt and Uganda-as central to the collaboration networks between 2008 and 2019, all of whom showed a tendency to collaborate across sectors. CONCLUSION The development of more regionally based network-building initiatives would help to foster communities of practice and inter-institutional collaboration, strengthening regional research capacity. Moreover, the analysis in this study adds depth beyond a simple bibliometric analysis and illustrates that network analysis could provide a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of capacity-building strategies and programmes in the future.
Problems of Debt Servicing

Although the problem of debt servicing has been somewhat neglected in the literature on international capital movements, it is of central importance for the debtor countries. Debt services — which include payments for the floating of the loan abroad, interest, and amortization — flow in the direction opposite to the capital flow. These payments are not merely monetary transactions, but transactions that ultimately require a corresponding transfer of goods and services. Consequently, the “transfer problem” arises as in the case of the original movement of capital.
To Perpetuity … And Beyond

Good morning. I am delighted that LACUNY has organized this conference on Scholarly Publishing and Open Access. I think we owe a debt of gratitude to Kenneth Schlesinger, LACUNY President, and the two Institute Co-chairs, Scott White and Beth Evans. ...
Stat Acetylation--A Key Facet of Cytokine Signaling?

Modification of proteins by addition of, for example, phosphate groups to particular amino acids in the protein is an important way to regulate the protein's activity. In their Perspective, [O'Shea][1] and colleagues discuss the intriguing finding that addition of an acetyl group to an amino acid in an important group of transcription factors called Stats might regulate their activity ([ Yuan et al .][2]). [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/307/5707/217 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5707/269
Ectopia cordis and chromosome errors.

Recently, Garson and associates1 suggested that ectopia cordis may be the result of chromosome errors. They reported a mosaic 45,X/46,XX female with ectopia cordis. The following case report supports the contention that chromosome errors may be important in the etiology of this lesion. However, since several of the reported patients have attained childhood and do not exhibit either multiple anomalies or mental retardation, all cases of ectopia cordis are probably not secondary to chromosome errors.
State Water Rights Laws

The proposed statement of water law principles makes a valuable contribution by promoting the formulation of comprehensive state water policy, but the statement suggests the universal adoption of the doctrine of appropriation without giving adequate consideration to the impact of this action. One of the principal characteristics of the appropriation doctrine is the emphasis placed on diversion and economic use of water. Although economic use of water is important, over-emphasis in this area is detrimental to the rights of the public regarding instream uses such as recreation, esthetics, fish and wildlife, and water quality control. The recommendation that the principle of “first in time—first in right” also poses difficulties, especially if it is used to establish priorities among applicants for water rights. A related issue concerns the appropriative practice of granting water rights in perpetuity. The public interest might be better served if rights were assigned for a number of years.
The reward positivity: From basic research on reward to a biomarker for depression

Feedback indicating monetary loss elicits an apparent negative deflection in the event-related potential (ERP) that has been referred to as the feedback error-related negativity, medial frontal negativity, feedback-related negativity, and feedback negativity-all conceptualizations that suggest a negative ERP component that is greater for loss than gain. In the current paper, I review a programmatic line of research indicating that this apparent negativity actually reflects a reward-related positivity (RewP) that is absent or suppressed following nonreward. I situate the RewP within a broader nomological network of reward processing and individual differences in sensitivity to rewards. Further, I review work linking reductions in the RewP to increased depressive symptoms and risk for depression. Finally, I discuss future directions for research on the RewP.
Itoh-Tsujii Inversion in Standard Basis and Its Application in Cryptography and Codes

This contribution is concerned with a generalization of Itoh and Tsujii's algorithm for inversion in extension fields GF(q^m). Unlike the original algorithm, the method introduced here uses a standard (or polynomial) basis representation. The inversion method is generalized for standard basis representation and relevant complexity expressions are established, consisting of the number of extension field multiplications and exponentiations. As the main contribution, for three important classes of fields we show that the Frobenius map can be explored to perform the exponentiations required for the inversion algorithm efficiently. As an important consequence, Itoh and Tsujii's inversion method shows almost the same practical complexity for standard basis as for normal basis representation for the field classes considered.
Reliable seizure prediction from EEG data

There is a growing interest in data-analytic modeling for prediction and/or detection of epileptic seizures from EEG recording of brain activity [1–10]. Even though there is clear evidence that many patients have changes in EEG signal prior to seizures, development of robust seizure prediction methods remains elusive [1]. We argue that the main issue for development of effective EEG-based predictive models is an apparent disconnect between clinical considerations and dataanalytic modeling assumptions. We present an SVM-based system for seizure prediction, where design choices and performance metrics are clearly related to clinical objectives and constraints. This system achieves very accurate prediction of preictal and interictal EEG segments in dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy. However, our empirical results suggest that good prediction performance may be possible only if the training data set has sufficiently many preictal segments, i.e. at least 6–7 seizure episodes.
Processing of Angiotensin and Other Peptides by the Lungs

The sections in this article are: 1 Historical Background 2 Pulmonary Metabolism 2.1 Angiotensin I 2.2 Bradykinin 2.3 Angiotensin II 2.4 Angiotensin III 2.5 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: Kininase II 2.6 Cellular and Subcellular Sites of Relevant Pulmonary Enzymes 2.7 Immunocytochemistry 2.8 Pulmonary Endothelial Cells as a Model System 2.9 Clinical Implications 2.10 Actions of Peptide Hormones on Lungs 2.11 Other Peptides 3 Discussion and Future Directionsa
Avian Reovirus Polypeptides: Analysis of Intracellular Virus-Specified Products, Virions, Top Component, and Cores

Avian reovirus-specified polypeptides can be separated into three size classes: large (lambda), medium (mu), and small (sigma), similar to those of the mammalian reoviruses. A nomenclature has been proposed to indicate the individual polypeptides within each size class by progressive alphabetical subscripts. Three lambda polypeptides (lambda(A), lambda(B), and lambda(C)) are found in infectious viral particles and have molecular weights of 145,000, 130,000, and 115,000, respectively. All are present in core preparations, and two (lambda(A) and lambda(B)) appear to be exposed at the surface of the virion. Two mu polypeptides can be distinguished in purified virus (mu(A), 72,000 daltons; mu(B), 70,000 daltons), and another is occasionally evident by immunoprecipitation from infected-cell extracts (mu(NS)). mu(B) represents the major outer capsid protein and is structurally homologous to mu(1C) of the mammalian reoviruses. No additional mu proteins can be detected, and there is no evidence for a product-precursor relationship among these proteins. Three major sigma proteins are evident in viral particles. sigma(C) has the lowest molecular weight, is part of the outer capsid of the virion, and appears homologous to the mammalian sigma(1) protein. Interestingly, it demonstrates the greatest polymorphism of all the polypeptides among the different avian reoviruses examined. sigma(B) (36,000 daltons) is a major constituent of the outer capsid and, like sigma(C), is exposed to the surface of the virion. sigma(A) (39,000 daltons) appears to be an internal protein. An additional polypeptide band in the sigma class having an apparent molecular weight of 34,000 to 35,000 can be seen under three different conditions: (i) in some S1133 reovirus preparations, particularly after prolonged storage, a new band (sigma(B')) appears with a reduction in intensity of sigma(B), suggesting that sigma(B') is a degradation product of sigma(B); (ii) in polypeptides immunoprecipitated from infected-cell extracts, a major band (sigma(NS)) is apparent migrating just ahead of sigma(B); (iii) in top component preparations from all avian reoviruses examined, a band (sigma(TC)) with mobility identical to that of sigma(NS) represents a major constitutent and appears to be incorporated within the particle itself. The relationship among these three bands is not currently known. Avian reovirus polypeptides are thus in general similar to those found in mammalian reoviruses, but differences do exist which may be important for understanding viral structure and assembly.
VprBP binds full-length RAG1 and is required for B-cell development and V(D)J recombination fidelity

The N-terminus of full-length RAG1, though dispensable for RAG1/2 cleavage activity, is required for efficient V(D)J recombination. This region supports RING E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro, but whether full-length RAG1 functions as a single subunit or a multi-subunit E3 ligase in vivo is unclear. We show the multi-subunit cullin RING E3 ligase complex VprBP/DDB1/Cul4A/Roc1 associates with full-length RAG1 through VprBP. This complex is assembled into RAG protein–DNA complexes, and supports in-vitro ubiquitylation activity that is insensitive to RAG1 RING domain mutations. Conditional B lineage-specific VprBP disruption arrests B-cell development at the pro-B-to-pre-B cell transition, but this block is bypassed by expressing rearranged immunoglobulin transgenes. Mice with a conditional VprBP disruption show modest reduction of D–JH rearrangement, whereas VH–DJH and Vκ–Jκ rearrangements are severely impaired. D–JH coding joints from VprBP-insufficent mice show longer junctional nucleotide insertions and a higher mutation frequency in D and J segments than normal. These data suggest full-length RAG1 recruits a cullin RING E3 ligase complex to ubiquitylate an unknown protein(s) to limit error-prone repair during V(D)J recombination.
Nutrition and the Musculoskeletal System

The major objective of this chapter is to present in some detail the effects of several nutritional deficiencies (or excesses) on the musculoskeletal system and, briefly, on cardiac muscle. It is conceivable that a deficiency of any one of the 60 or 70 known nutrients would result in a change either in some biochemical function or in morphology of the musculoskeletal system. Admittedly, to demonstrate this for some nutrients could prove to be a formidable task. Consider, for example, the question of the effect of thiamine deficiency on bone or the effect of calcium deficiency on the myocardium. It would not surprise this author if it were demonstrated that thiamine deficiency resulted in some metabolic or biochemical aberration in developing bone or that calcium deficiency had a primary effect on striated muscle exclusive of changes at the neuromuscular junction.
A Review of “Rural Housing, Exurbanization, and Amenity-Driven Development: Contrasting the “Haves” and the “Have Nots.””

The planning needs of rural America are often overlooked despite the dramatic economic and social changes rural areas have experienced over the past 50 years. Rural Housing, Exurbanization, and Ame...
REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INSTABILITY

ABSTRACT. National and regional employment patterns are subject to growth-instability tradeoffs. This paper applies the portfolio selection model to detailed employment data for the U.S. economy and selected states. Empirical results indicate that growth-instability trade-offs exist in a form not previously understood. The paper also identifies growth and stabilization potential by identifying stabilizing sectors.
Some present problems and a proposed experimental phantom for SAR compliance testing of cellular telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz

This paper compares the maximum allowable powers of some typical cellular telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz for compliance with the limits of specific absorption rates (SAR) given in ANSI/IEEE, ICNIRP and the proposed modification of ANSI/IEEE safety guidelines. It is shown that the present ANSI/IEEE guideline is the most conservative with the ICNIRP guidelines allowing a maximum radiated power that is 2.5–3 times higher, and the proposed IEEE modification of treating pinna as an extremity tissue the least conservative allowing even higher radiated powers by up to 50%. The paper also expands the previously reported study of energy deposition in models of adults versus children to two different and distinct anatomically-based models of the adult head, namely the Utah model and the 'Visible Man' model, each of which is increased or reduced by the voxel size to obtain additional head models larger or smaller in all dimensions by 11.1% or −9.1%, respectively. The peak 1 g body-tissue SAR calculated using the widely accepted FDTD method for smaller models is up to 56% higher at 1900 MHz and up to 20% higher at 835 MHz compared to the larger models, with the average models giving intermediate SARs. Also given in the paper is a comparison of the peak 1 g and 10 g SARs for two different anatomically-based models with 6 mm thick smooth plastic ear models used for SAR compliance testing. The SARs obtained with the insulating plastic ear models are up to two or more times smaller than realistic anatomic models. We propose a 2 mm thin shell phantom with lossy ear that should give SARs within ±15% of those of anatomic models.
The Utility of Interventional Pulmonary Procedures in Liberating Patients with Malignancy-Associated Central Airway Obstruction from Mechanical Ventilation

Utilization of intensive care services by patients with malignancy has risen during the past several decades. Newer cancer therapies have improved overall survival and outcomes. Patients with respiratory failure from central airway obstruction related to tumor growth were previously viewed as inappropriate candidates for ventilator support. However, an increasing number of reports suggest that interventional pulmonary (IP) procedures may benefit such patients. We reviewed the literature for case reports or case series from the past 20 years regarding the use of IP procedures for the treatment of respiratory failure from malignancy-associated central airway obstruction. As a whole, IP procedures were greater than 60 % successful in liberating patients from mechanical ventilation. Moreover, IP procedures served to palliate respiratory symptoms, prolong overall survival, allow for additional cancer treatments, and reduce hospitalization costs. Nevertheless, it remains unclear who may benefit the most from these procedures. Although data are limited, IP procedures are generally safe and should be considered for appropriate patients with respiratory failure from malignancy-associated central airway obstruction as a potential means of liberation from mechanical ventilation.