cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Choosing a textbook for the way your students learn

This presentation describes the challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned in the selection and use of textbooks for a 10-week course in acoustics for undergraduate physics majors at the junior or senior level at Central Washington University. This course emphasizes both theoretical and experimental skills; topics include damped harmonic systems, vibration in strings, bars, and membranes, plane and spherical wave propagation in air, and basic geometric acoustics. Two textbooks are employed for this course: the recently published "Understanding Acoustics" by Steve Garrett and the fourth edition of "Fundamentals of Acoustics" by Kinsler and Frey, revised and extended by Coppins and Sanders. Although both cover essentially the same topics, they have different attributes that facilitate learning at the undergraduate level. They are supplemented by online materials, interactive simulations, and journal articles. Examples of how these texts are used, and assessments of their efficacy, will be discussed.This presentation describes the challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned in the selection and use of textbooks for a 10-week course in acoustics for undergraduate physics majors at the junior or senior level at Central Washington University. This course emphasizes both theoretical and experimental skills; topics include damped harmonic systems, vibration in strings, bars, and membranes, plane and spherical wave propagation in air, and basic geometric acoustics. Two textbooks are employed for this course: the recently published "Understanding Acoustics" by Steve Garrett and the fourth edition of "Fundamentals of Acoustics" by Kinsler and Frey, revised and extended by Coppins and Sanders. Although both cover essentially the same topics, they have different attributes that facilitate learning at the undergraduate level. They are supplemented by online materials, interactive simulations, and journal articles. Examples of how these texts are used, and assessments of their efficacy, will be discussed.
Estimation of α, β and portfolio weights in a pure-jump model with long memory in volatility

Abstract We investigate a bivariate pure-jump model of stock prices with long memory in volatility, using a marked log-Gaussian Cox process. We show that, due to the non-synchronicity of transactions, the ordinary least squares estimator of the slope in a contemporaneous regression of returns on returns converges to different targets depending on the sampling frequency. Therefore, we propose a transaction-level estimator that makes full use of data in the complete continuous-time record, and show that the estimator of the slope has slow convergence with rate determined by the memory parameter in volatility.
Seapower and Frontier Settlement: Friedrich List’s American Vision for Germany

This chapter discusses List’s imperial vision for Germany against the backdrop of his American experience. I argue that this experience made List a trailblazer for a Central Europe united under German leadership and early advocate for a German settlement frontier in the east. But List was also an Atlanticist. In fact, he took a much greater interest in German maritime power and the colonial and commercial penetration of the Americas than in a possible eastward expansion in Europe.
A Tale of Two Perspectives: How Psychology and Neuroscience Contribute to Understanding Personhood

Empirical science, such as psychology and neuroscience, employ diverse methods to develop data driven models and explanations for complex phenomena. In research on the self, differences in these methods produce different depictions of persons. Research in developmental psychology highlights the role of intuitive beliefs, such as psychological essentialism and intuitive dualism, in individuals’ singular, cohesive, and stable sense of self. On the other hand, research in neuroscience highlights the de-centralized, distributed, multitudes of neural networks in competition making selves, with arguments around whether the interpretation of these data imply that the self is somehow fundamental and special to human functioning. In this paper, I explore these discrepant pictures of the self to advance understanding about personhood. Specifically, I suggest that these divergent pictures of self from psychology and neuroscience have the potential to inform philosophical and theological discussions around personhood by anchoring models of persons in empirical views of persons. Likewise, I explore the opportunity for philosophy and theology to inform and enhance scientific research on the self by critiquing scientific bias and construct development as well as highlighting potential limits in understanding selves with empirical models.
Machine Learning For Elliptic PDEs: Fast Rate Generalization Bound, Neural Scaling Law and Minimax Optimality.

In this paper, we study the statistical limits of deep learning techniques for solving elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) from random samples using the Deep Ritz Method (DRM) and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). To simplify the problem, we focus on a prototype elliptic PDE: the Schr\"odinger equation on a hypercube with zero Dirichlet boundary condition, which has wide application in the quantum-mechanical systems. We establish upper and lower bounds for both methods, which improves upon concurrently developed upper bounds for this problem via a fast rate generalization bound. We discover that the current Deep Ritz Methods is sub-optimal and propose a modified version of it. We also prove that PINN and the modified version of DRM can achieve minimax optimal bounds over Sobolev spaces. Empirically, following recent work which has shown that the deep model accuracy will improve with growing training sets according to a power law, we supply computational experiments to show a similar behavior of dimension dependent power law for deep PDE solvers.
Kinetic theory for electron dynamics in semiconductors and plasmas

The developing technology of femtosecond pulsed lasers has allowed experimental access to conditions that provide theoretical challenges for the exploration of charge carrier dynamics. New features of these experiments include states driven far from equilibrium and probes on time scales short compared to carrier scattering or other characteristic times. Traditional many-body approximations for electron dynamics in solids must be generalized to accommodate these features. Two general approaches have been pursued: the Keldysh / Kadanoff-Baym method for nonequilibrium Green’s functions, and the quantum BBGKY hierarchy for reduced density operators. The latter method has a closer relationship to the extensive body of literature on classical kinetic theory for fluids and plasmas developed over the past forty years, and will be emphasized here. A primary objective of this review is to introduce the theoretical challenges of these new experimental tools in a language more familiar to the statistical mechanics and kinetic theory community, to facilitate access to a literature dominated by the tools and language of solid state physics. Accordingly, an attempt is made to connect the dynamical description for laser-pulsed electron dynamics in semi-conductors to those for simple classical fluids and plasmas. Following a formal review of the quantum BBGKY hierarchy, an approximation is proposed that is appropriate on all time scales and which preserves symmetries necessary for the exact local conservation laws. The approximation results from a physically transparent closure of the hierarchy and incorporates the dominant mechanisms for quantum exchange symmetry for the electrons, as well as the charge correlations present for both classical and quantum systems. Furthermore, this approximation is implemented in a representation-independent form so the results can be applied uniformly to both electrons in solids (Bloch representation for band occupation and polarization densities) and quantum plasmas (momentum or Wigner representation). In the final Discussion, some comments on the Green’s function approach are offered for comparison.
Government Deficits and Interest Rates: A No-Arbitrage Structural VAR Approach

What is the effect of government deficits on interest rates? This fundamental question has not been convincingly answered. We propose a no-arbitrage structural VAR method that allows us to incorporate the cross-sectional information in bond yields into a structural macroeconomic framework. We find that the government deficit is an important factor behind the yield curve: A one percentage point increase in the deficit increases the 10 year rate by 41 basis points.
The dynamics of free amino acids in the amniotic fluid of rats

Abstract 1. 1. The free amino acid concentration in amniotic fluid is in a dynamic state of flux throughout the gestation period. 2. 2. The concentration of free amino acids in amniotic fluid increases during the gestation period. 3. 3. The specific free amino acids do not vary proportionally to each other but exhibit individual patterns of concentration throughout the gestation period. Asparagine is detected only early in the gestation period. 4. 4. The concentrations of specific free amino acids are higher in the amniotic fluid than in the maternal blood, demonstrating that amniotic fluid is not a transudate or a dialysate of maternal serum.
Engineering the Pichia stipitis genome for fermentation of hemicellulose hydrolysates

Pichia stipitis is a source of genes for engineering xylose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiaea task undertaken in numerous laboratories around the world. Increasing the capacity of P. stipitis for rapid xylose fermentation can greatly improve its usefulness in commercial xylose fermentations. Genetic transformation with URA3 is more efficient than transformation with the modified Sh ble marker. Cultivation conditions can strongly affect expression of fermentative enzymes in P. stipitis. Unlike S. cerevisiae, which regulates fermentation by sensing the presence of glucose, P. stipitis induces fermentative activity in response to oxygen limitation. The coupling of Xyl1 and Xyl2 activities therefore tends to result in the consumption of NADPH and accumulation of NADH. Preliminary data based on expressed sequence tags indicate that transcripts for fatty acid synthase (FAS2) stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (OLE1) are induced under oxygen-limiting conditions. Xylanase production by P. stipitis has been recognized, and the organism has also been transformed with heterologous xylanases to increase xylanase activity. A genetic system has been developed that includes the auxotrophic markers URA3 and LEU3 along with modified forms of the phleomycin D1 resistance marker, Sh ble, and the Cre recombinase. Many genes in P. stipitis are found in functionally related clusters. Further metabolic engineering and strain selection are needed to increase the overall fermentation rate and ethanol tolerance of P. stipitis for the commercial bioconversion of hemicellulose hydrolysates.
Supermajority Limits to Fiscal Policy

In this paper, I examine the affect of supermajority requirements on state fiscal decisions during economic downturns. Using panel data from the 50 US states I show that states with supermajority requirements are less likely to raise tax during strong economies but more l likely to raise taxes during recessions relative to states without requirements. This research contributes to a larger scholarship on the importance of fiscal institutions.
Language and Communication in the Spanish Conquest of America

This article was originally presented as part of The 2009 Compass Interdisciplinary Virtual Conference. You can read the article along with two commentaries and discussion at http://compassconference.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/conference-paper-language-and-communication-in-the-spanish-conquest-of-america/. One of the central questions arising from the encounter between Europeans and Amerindians concerns language and communication. An encounter between two peoples that had not known about the other’s existence – an encounter that scholars have long characterized as a clash of cultures – raises the question of how they managed to communicate with each other. Over 25 years ago, Tzvetan Todorov put forth one way of linking communication and conquest when he argued that Europeans conquered the Amerindians through their superior ability to understand ‘the Other’. More generally, he contended that Western Europeans had a general ‘superiority in human communication’, demonstrated by the fact that they used alphabetic writing (Todorov 251). For Todorov, Europeans displayed ‘remarkable qualities of flexibility and improvisation’, characteristics that allowed them to be more effective in imposing their ways of life on others (Todorov 247–8). They were so successful, Todorov argues, that in the centuries following the initial encounter between Europeans and Amerindians, Europeans were able to gradually assimilate the Other and eliminate alterity. While Todorov’s 1982 work initially received much acclaim, since then several scholars have challenged (directly and indirectly) his claims by subjecting the encounter between Europeans and Amerindians to further study. Scholars have questioned the extent to which these groups were able to communicate with one another, and in some cases, they have questioned what Spanish conquest, authority, and domination actually mean when Spaniards and Indians had such difficulty communicating their ideas to one another. By posing these questions, scholars of varied backgrounds in anthropology, history, religion, and art history have fundamentally reshaped the field of colonial Latin American studies. While they have shown that barriers impeded communication and understanding between Amerindians and Europeans, scholars have also demonstrated that both groups made important contributions to new cultural and religious syntheses. This article will explore a range of scholarly works over the past 25 years that responds to the question of how language and communication are interrelated with conquest.
Prednisone-induced osteopenia in beagles: variable effects mediated by differential suppression of bone formation.

To examine the mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia and the basis for variable bone loss after glucocorticoid administration, we gave prednisone (1.3 mg.kg-1.day-1) to normal male dogs (n = 15) for 29 wk to attempt induction of osteopenia. Compared with age-matched control dogs (n = 14), prednisone treatment rapidly decreased spinal bone density by 4.3%, as assessed by quantitative digital radiography, and reduced trabecular bone volume by 14.6%, as measured by quantitative histomorphology of iliac crest bone specimens. Bone loss was attenuated in prednisone-treated dogs after prolonged treatment (greater than 12 wk). Prednisone treatment resulted in diminished bone formation rates (15 +/- 3.4 vs. 47 +/- 4.5 microns/yr) and activation frequency (0.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.2/day). These findings indicate that suppression of osteoblastic function and recruitment is the primary histological abnormality mediating glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in beagles. In contrast, prednisone administration had no effect on bone resorption or serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which suggests that these factors are not essential for prednisone-induced bone loss. Moreover, 33% of beagles were totally resistant to glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia. Such heterogeneity of bone loss was associated with variable suppressive effects of prednisone on osteoblastic function, as evidenced by greater bone formation rates and activation frequency in prednisone-resistant animals. Collectively, these observations suggest that glucocorticoid-induced bone loss results from a dynamic interplay between steroid-mediated suppression of osteoblastic function and recruitment and undefined compensatory factors that ameliorate the effects of glucocorticoids on osteoblastic precursors.
Color and three-dimensional vision-based assistive telemanipulation

This paper presents a general purpose assistive tele-robot system that is designed to manipulate objects in a three-dimensional environment by using color and stereo vision. The incorporated vision system allows the user to operate the robot remotely simply by gesturing (pointing with a laser pointer). In this vision-based tele-manipulation system, the user is in the control loop actively interacting with the reactive robot motion planner through a multimodal interface (vision and speech). Because of this unique feature, the robot system has been simplified and released from performing the complex object recognition tasks that are often required by autonomous systems.
Prospective study of provocative angiograms to localize functional islet cell tumors of the pancreas

Abstract Background. Controversy exists concerning the use of preoperative imaging studies in patients with islet cell tumors. Since 1993 we have evaluated the use of provocative angiography in patients with insulinoma or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). Methods. Twelve patients with a working diagnosis of insulinoma (n = 4) or ZES (n = 8) were studied. Of the eight patients with ZES, four were known to have multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. All patients underwent conventional imaging studies followed by provocative angiography. Angiograms were graded based on the ability to detect tumor and regionalize it within the pancreas. Results. Of the three patients with a working diagnosis of ZES but equivocal results of biochemical studies, none had arteriographic imaging of an islet cell tumor or a positive provocative study result (true negative result). Of the nine patients with documented islet cell tumor, seven (78%) underwent arteriographic imaging of the tumor and eight (89%) had correct regional localization by provocative angiography. Sensitivity and specificity for imaging were 78% and 100%, respectively, and for regional localization 89% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions. Provocative angiography is the localization study of choice for both gastrinoma and insulinoma. Having few false-negative results, it can be used to corroborate the diagnosis and, having few false-positive results, it detects tumor and biochemically confirms localization in nearly every patient.
Some geographical aspects of port modernisation: The case of Clydeport

Abstract This paper attempts to illustrate through the case of the Clyde an evolution common to general cargo ports situated at the head of estuaries. Until 1969 trends in the traffic of the West of Scotland ports had shown a marked decline and the need to discover its causes has led to the investigation of the ports’ capacity and performance. Several approaches for assessing efficiency have demonstrated the inadequacies and the under‐utilization of facilities dating from the 19th century, especially in the Upper Reaches. The need to speed up transhipment and make the ports efficient in the different conditions of the 20th century has brought about some changes in the location pattern of their activities. Alterations in the ports’ lay out and the diversion of cargo from up‐river berths have been the main geographical consequences of the effort of rationalisation and modernisation.
Ipsilateral post-cast hypertrichosis and dyshidrotic dermatitis

Post-cast hypertrichosis and dyshidrotic dermatitis are not uncommon separately. Yet, the simultaneous occurrence of both conditions in an individual is rare. A patient with both localized hypertrichosis and ipsilateral dyshidrotic dermatitis following multiple fractures and cast application is reported. The clinical presentation, management, spontaneous resolution, and/or response to therapy of post-cast hypertrichosis and dyshidrotic dermatitis that occurred concurrently in an individual were similar to that described when these conditions occur independently. The acquired conditions that may be associated with localized hypertrichosis are summarized and the postulated mechanisms of pathogenesis for dyshidrotic dermatitis are reviewed. The diagnosis of post-cast hypertrichosis in this patient was suspected based upon the distribution and temporal association of the hypertrichosis to the location and placement of his cast, and confirmed by excluding other causes of acquired localized hypertrichosis. Also, the possibility that in this individual either the trauma to his bones, the cast on his arm, or both had an etiologic role in promoting the development of dyshidrotic dermatitis is suggested.
The enterprise of empire: Race, class, gender, and Japanese national identity

Recent research has examined the manner in which race, national identity, and women's proper place have been used in the creation of colonial empires. Employing this body of literature, this article highlights Japanese iconic constructs of nationalized women's sexual nature as they have shifted with Japan's position in the world since the enterprise of domestic empire began at the turn of the 20th century. Through an examination of both official and unofficial images, the material and symbolic realities of nationalized womanhood in Japan are used to tie Japanese economic and political agendas to assumptions about women's proper place. This work stresses a continuing dialogue in absentia between Japanese and Western women which appears in both allegiance and resistance to nationalized conceptions of cultural and economic success. Recognizing that the Japanese are not newcomers to the idea of hierarchies—based on either race or class—the ambiguity of Japan's position in the world is used as a backdrop for t...
Understanding Acculturation, Depressive Symptoms, and the Protective Role of Family Involvement Among Latino(a) Immigrant Families

Although the relationship between varying levels of acculturation and depressive symptoms has been established among Latino(a) youth, the positive role of family involvement in relation to depressive symptoms among immigrant Latino(a) families has been studied less. This study draws on a sample of first-generation Latino(a) youth from the Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Study and explores the relationship between acculturation levels and depressive symptoms, as well as the protective role of family involvement. Although results do not support a relationship between acculturation and depressive symptoms, family involvement was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms while taking important sociodemographic variables into consideration. Research and practice implications with Latino(a) immigrant families are discussed.
A Narrow Path through the Broad Middle: Mapping Institutional Considerations for ESEA Reauthorization.

This article uses an institutional framework to analyze the political context of the next reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The authors analyze three relevant factors in the institutional environment: the role of traditional party politics, including theories of divided versus unified party government; the entrance of new players, both interest groups and think tanks, into the education policy arena; and stresses on the traditional coalition that historically supported education reform. The authors compare DW-Nominate ratings for the 107th Congress (which passed the No Child Left Behind Act) and the 111th Congress (which concluded in 2010) to measure the ideology of members of the education committees and the Congress as a whole. Although both education committees have witnessed aggregate shifts in a more conservative direction, the authors argue that the 112th Congress, which convenes for the first time in January 2011, is unlikely to pass President Obama's centrist education...
Enzymes for the formation of lecithins by transmethylation in the livers of developing rats.

SummaryThe activities of enzymes involved in the transmethylating pathway for the formation of lecithins (phosphatidyl choline) were determined in homogenates of the livers of rats at various stages of development. If the values are expressed per unit of protein weight, the enzyme synthesizing adenosylmethionine appears to be quite active at the end of the second week of fetal life. In contrast, values for the phospholipid methyltransferase, the enzyme catalyzing the stepwise methylation of a phospholipid (presumably phosphatidyl ethanolamine) to lecithin, remain quite low in the fetal livers, increase rapidly after birth, and reach their peak at about the eighth day of extrauterine life. This pattern is similar to that previously observed for choline phosphotransferase, the enzyme which catalyzes the final step in the cytidine-dependent pathway, except that the latter enzyme increases more markedly during the last week of fetal life, suggesting that this pathway reaches full development somewhat earlier ...
Mechanisms of Charge Buildup in MOS Insulators

The radiation sensitivity of MOS devices has been recognized to be the result of a charge buildup caused by the sweepout of electrons and the trapping of holes following hole-electron pair production by ionizing radiation. Holes have been shown to have a finite, although small, mobility in thermally grown SiO2. Trapping of holes takes place near the Si-SiO2 interface, possibly by oxygen vacancies in the oxide. Normal thermally grown SiO2 possesses only small concentrations of electron traps. Electron traps have been shown to be generated, however, in the oxide by ion implantation, by irradiation with nonpenetrating electrons, and by exposure of the surface of the oxide to negative ions from a corona discharge. Although Na+ and Li+ ions have been shown to be mobile at room temperature in SiO2, contamination can be kept to levels where ionic charge buildup is negligible. The role of contaminants in the formation of hole traps, however, remains to be determined.
Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is not essential for viability of the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis

The methanogenic archaea Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus contain a dual-specificity prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProCysRS) that accurately forms both prolyl-tRNA (Pro-tRNA) and cysteinyl-tRNA (Cys-tRNA) suitable for in vivo translation. This intriguing enzyme may even perform its dual role in organisms that possess a canonical single-specificity cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CysRS), raising the question as to whether this latter aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is indeed required for cell viability. To test the postulate that all synthetase genes are essential, we disrupted the cysS gene (encoding CysRS) of Methanococcus maripaludis. The knockout strain was viable under normal growth conditions. Biochemical analysis showed that the pure M. maripaludis ProCysRS was capable of forming Cys-tRNA, implying that the dual-specificity enzyme compensates in vivo for the loss of CysRS. The canonical CysRS has a higher affinity for cysteine than ProCysRS, a reason why M. maripaludis may have acquired cysS by a late lateral gene transfer. These data challenge the notion that all twenty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are essential for the viability of a cell.
An algorithm for complete enumeration of the mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardias that use multiple atrioventricular, AV nodal, and/or Mahaim pathways

The EINTHOVEN system is a model-based expert system that interprets the cardiac rhythm from the electrocardiogram. It simulates the expected behavior of realistic semi-quantitative cardiac models constructed by heuristic rules to generate interpretations that include both text descriptions and event-by-event causal explanations in the form of ladder diagrams. The simulation has been limited by an inability to predict all possible behaviors of hearts with more than one reentrant circuit. We now describe an algorithm that overcomes this limitation. Its output has been validated by an independent possibility-tree analysis. Timing and storage measurements are presented for models with up to three slow atrioventricular nodal pathways, four atrioventricular pathways, and a single atriofascicular (Mahaim) pathway. This is the first report in the literature of an algorithm that enumerates all possible mechanisms for reentrant supraventricular tachycardias that use atrioventricular, atrioventricular nodal, and/or atriofascicular pathways in humans.
Characterization and Nonparametric Regression of Rural and Urban Coarse Particulate Matter Mass Concentrations in Northeastern Colorado

The Colorado Coarse Rural Urban Sources and Health study (CCRUSH) is an ongoing study of the relationship between coarse particulate mass concentrations (PM10–2.5, particulate matter with diameter between 2.5 and 10 μm) and selected health effects. For two urban monitoring sites in Denver, CO, and two comparatively rural sites in Greeley, CO, hourly mass concentrations of PM10–2.5 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5, diameter less than 2.5 μm) have been measured by using dichotomous tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) with Filter Dynamics Measurement Systems (FDMS). This paper presents air quality results from just over a year of PM2.5 and PM10–2.5 measurements. Average PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 7.7 to 9.2 μg m−3 across the four sites with higher concentrations in Denver than Greeley. Average PM10–2.5 concentrations ranged from 9.0 to 15.5 μg m−3 with the highest values at the site in northeast Denver. Temporal variability in PM10–2.5 was higher than that in PM2.5 concentrations at all...
Evidence for the Art of Social Work

Social work depends on relationship building to achieve its goals. This requires knowledge derived from research, as well as the intuitive understanding and interpretive abilities that are refined through experience with clients. The evidence-based practice movement and its forebears have for decades attempted to determine which theory or method of practice is most effective when applied to specific problems or diagnoses. However, extensive meta-analyses have determined that other variables—in particular, the quality of alliance formed between worker and client—matter most in predicting outcomes. This article summarizes the research and concludes that the evidence supports an improvisatory conception of practice, and that improved outcomes will result when there is increased attention to those variables that enhance the working alliance.
The results of tibial tubercle osteotomy for revision total knee arthroplasty

Tibial tubercle osteotomy was used in the surgical exposure of 67 knees in 64 patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty. The clinical and radiographic results were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up time was 30 months (range, 5-60 months). Knee Society scores (KSS) confirmed good or excellent results in 87% of the knees, and the mean KSS was 86. The procedure was particularly effective in 2-stage exchanges for infected total knee arthroplasty, in which infection was eradicated in 9 of 10 cases, with a mean KSS of 82. In this series, no patellofemoral complications, no component malalignments, and no avulsions of the patellar tendon occurred. Serious complications directly related to the tibial tubercle osteotomy occurred in 5 patients (7%).
Understanding personal digital collections: an interdisciplinary exploration

Once undertaken primarily by museum professionals, the activity of curatorship has been popularized via the Web. Social media tools, such as YouTube playlists and Pinterest Web bulletin boards, enable users to curate a diverse range of materials for personal use and for broader publication. But what makes one set of "curated" items more interesting than another? In this paper, we show how findings from an initial humanistic inquiry led to a lab-based user experiment, and how combined insights from these studies have illuminated new research streams in both humanistic and design research modes.
Cutaneous reactions with specific soluble substance in infants and children

Summary Forty-two patients with typed pneumococcus pneumonia were studied with the Francis test. Of these, nine were treated with sulfapyridine, twelve with sulfathiazole, nine with sulfapyridine and serum, and twelve with sulfathiazole and serum. The positive reaction probably is due to a local union of antigen and antibody. When specific antipneumococcic serum was given intravenously, it was found that only one skin test needed to be administered, and after this area became positive, serum therapy could be discontinued. The optimal doseage of serum is still in doubt. After single intravenous doses were limited to 5 c.c., fewer serum reactions, consisting of chills and temperature elevations, were encountered. By utilizing the Francis test, less serum was given with comparable therapeutic effect. The time of development and intensity of cutaneous reactions varied greatly when patients received only chemotherapy. On the other hand, the patients who received serum developed strong reactions which persisted throughout their hospital stay.
Flow characteristics of anisotropic structures constructed with porous layers

Artificial structures, serving as the solid matrix of anisotropic porous media and satisfying the requirement needed for flow visualization, were constructed with the perforated Polypropylene plates in order to improve the understanding of transport phenomena occurring in anisotropic porous media. This paper reports the regressed correlations of the experimental pressure gradient and filtration velocity data of three anisotropic and one isotropic porous media measured along two mutually orthogonal directions, which correspond to the principal axes of the permeability tensor, for the filtration velocities ranging from 0.2 to 12 mm/s with water as the fluid. To reflect the observed data, the regression equation with two types of deviations was formulated, in which the pressure gradient is represented by the sum of the linear and nonlinear terms of the filtration velocity. The physical model developed for the linear term assumes the solid matrix as repeated circular orifices when the filtration velocity approaches zero. The exponent of the filtration velocity in the nonlinear term was determined to be that of the Forchheimer extension. Also, four models for the coefficient of the nonlinear term were examined and the results were compared. The distribution of the residuals (the differences between the observed and the correlated values) validated the suggested regression procedure and the resulting correlations.
Determination of aminosaccharides by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

High-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAC) was used for the determination of aminosaccharides in microbial polymers, chitin, animal waste, sewage sludge, plant residues and soil. The aminosaccharides, galactosamine, mannosamine and glucosamine were separated on a strong anion-exchange column with 1OmM sodium hydroxide as the eluent and determined by pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). The HPAC-PAD methodology was compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with refractive index detection (RI) in terms of selectivity and sensitivity for aminosaccharides. The results indicate that HPAC-PAD required less sample preparation, and was more precise and nearly two orders of magnitude more sensitive than HPLC-RI. HPAC-PAD was not subject to matrix interferences and was highly selective for aminosaccharides. More than 3% of the total nitrogen in alfalfa, and 20% of that in straw, was found to be present as aminosaccharides.
Activation of HIV transcription by Tat

Recent studies suggest that the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator, Tat, increases expression of viral genes primarily by enhancing the efficiency of transcriptional elongation. The degree to which Tat influences elongation may depend on the rate of transcriptional initiation. Current models in which Tat interacts with the transcription complex suggest directions for future studies.
Optimal management of severe tricuspid regurgitation in cardiac transplant recipients.

,1, whereas 85.7% of those with moderate to severe TR had D/R ratios equal or greater than 1. A significant correlation (p,0.01) was found between the D/R ratios and TR intensity (r 5 0.70). With D/R ratios ,1, the probability of TR was only 2.15%, whereas for ratios equal or greater than 1.1 the probability of TR reached 91.66%. We found only a poor correlation between TR and pulmonary pressures. ‘Borderline/severe‘ and severe TR appeared mainly related to biopsy induced valve damage. Conclusions: The RA geometry is a major determinant of mild and moderate TR in heart transplant recipiets. Our modified biatrial technique, with the preservation of long recipient RA anterior wall segments (D/R , 1), prevents the development of TR due to RA geometry distortion.
Outcome assessment of Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment compared with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system.

Introduction: This treatment-outcome assessment objectively compares Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) treatment with braces. Methods: This study, a retrospective cohort analysis, was conducted in New York, NY, in 2004. Records from 2 groups of 48 patients (Invisalign and braces groups) were evaluated by using methods from the American Board of Orthodontics Phase III examination. The discrepancy index was used to analyze pretreatment records to control for initial severity of malocclusion. The objective grading system (OGS) was used to systematically grade posttreatment records. Statistical analyses evaluated treatment outcome, duration, and strengths and weaknesses of Invisalign compared with braces. Results: The Invisalign group lost 13 OGS points more than the braces group on average, and the OGS passing rate for Invisalign was 27% lower than that for braces. Invisalign scores were consistently lower than braces scores for buccolingual inclination, occlusal contacts, occlusal relationships, and overjet. Invisalign's OGS scores were negatively correlated to initial overjet, occlusion, and buccal posterior crossibite. Invisalign patients finished 4 months sooner than those with fixed appliances on average. P Conclusions: According to the OGS, Invisalign did not treat malocclusions as well as braces in this sample. Invisalign was especially deficient in its ability to correct large anteroposterior discrepancies and occlusal contacts. The strengths of Invisalign were its ability to close spaces and correct anterior rotations and marginal ridge heights. This study might help clinicians to determine which patients are best suited for Invisalign treatment.
A Novel Regulator of p21-activated Kinases

Abstract Proteins of the p21-activated kinase (Pak) family have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal architecture, and apoptosis. Although the ability of Cdc42 and Rac GTPases to activate Pak is well established, relatively little else is known about Pak regulation or the identity of Pak cellular targets. Here we report the identification of two closely related Pak3-binding proteins, possibly arising from alternative splicing, designated p50 and p85Cool-1 (cloned outof library). Both isoforms of Cool contain a Src homology 3 domain that directly mediates interaction with Pak3 and tandem Dbl homology and pleckstrin homology domains. Despite the presence of the Dbl homology-pleckstrin homology motif, a characteristic of Rho family activators, activation of Cdc42 or Rac by Cool is not detectable. Instead binding of p50Cool-1, but not p85Cool-1, to Pak3 represses its activation by upstream activators such as the Dbl oncoprotein, indicating a novel mechanism of regulation of Pak signaling.
Enhanced nitric oxide synthesis reverses salt-induced alterations in blood flow and cGMP levels.

To understand the role of nitric oxide in salt-induced hypertension, we evaluated cardiovascular, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed low (0.3%) and high (8.0%) sodium diets. Two high salt groups received 1.25 and 2.5 g/L l-arginine in their drinking water. After three weeks of treatment, blood pressure was greater in the high salt groups. l-arginine did not modify salt-induced hypertension. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) caused a smaller depressor response compared to normotensive rats. The increase in
Q-band (37–41 GHz) satellite beacon architecture for RF propagation experiments

In this paper, the design of a beacon transmitter that will be flown as a hosted payload on a geostationary satellite to enable propagation experiments at Q-band (37–41 GHz) frequencies is presented. The beacon uses a phased locked loop stabilized dielectric resonator oscillator and a solid-state power amplifier to achieve the desired output power. The satellite beacon antenna is configured as an offset-fed cut-paraboloidal reflector.
Some new extremal codes of lengths 76 and 78

We find new extremal [76,38,14] and [78,39,14] binary self-dual codes. The code of length 76 is the first known self-dual code with these parameters. It is shadow extremal and the shortest known self-dual code with minimal distance 14. It has an automorphism of order 19 without fixed coordinates. The code of length 78 has a new weight enumerator and an automorphism of order 19 with two fixed coordinates.
National Cancer Screening Programs and Evidence-Based Healthcare Policy in South Korea

Abstract Background South Korea has managed its National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) since 1999 with free cancer screenings for the five major types of cancer (stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer). Despite the tremendous amount of government funding, the necessity of this policy and scientific evidence pertaining to it have been questioned. Objective This study reviewed the NCSP's effectiveness and its evidence. Findings First, the lead-time bias of diagnosis and the length-time bias regarding the average survival time may increase the misunderstanding that the early detection of cancer will contribute to lower mortality rates and higher survival rates. Second, the positive predictive values (PPVs) of the five major types of cancer checked by the NCSP have remained at 0.6–5.7%. The sensitivity of the screening programs also stood at less than 50% on average. Conclusion This study showed that the NCSP program has been less effective, as shown by its low PPVs and sensitivity values, and that its anticipated contribution to lowering the number of cancer-related deaths may have been a product of biased reasoning. To develop the NCSP, adequate explanations of the benefits and potential risks of cancer examinations as well as the accuracy of examinations need to be provided to patients.
Regulation of gene expression during spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis occurs in successive mitotic, meiotic and post-meiotic phases and genes expressed during this process encode proteins necessary for processes specific to the different phases of germ cell development. Some genes encode proteins with essential roles in structures or functions specific to spermatogenic cells, are expressed in developmentally regulated patterns and are transcribed only in, or produce mRNAs unique to, spermatogenic cells. They are referred to as chauvinist genes, because male germ cells favor their expression with such strong prejudice. The expression of these genes is influenced by extrinsic cues, but is determined primarily by the intrinsic genetic program of spermatogenic cells. These processes are subject to transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. However, many aspects of the mechanisms regulating gene expression in spermatogenic cells remain to be determined.
Electron-phonon interactions and charge-density-wave formations in strong magnetic fields.

An electron gas in a strong magnetic field will attain a one-dimensional energy spectrum due to the quenching of the motion perpendicular to the field into the lowest Landau level. Such a system is then expected to show an instability towards a charge-density-wave formation. In this report, we show that for strongly polar semiconductors, the electron-phonon interactions greatly enhance the critical temperature for an instability and lead to a Peierls instability with a permanent distortion of the electron-phonon system.
Adverse Drug Reactions in Dental Practice

Adverse reactions may occur with any of the medications prescribed or administered in dental practice. Most of these reactions are somewhat predictable based on the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug. Others, such as allergic and pseudoallergic reactions, are less common and unrelated to normal drug action. This article will review the most common adverse reactions that are unrelated to drug allergy.
Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance of the Child Feeding Questionnaire in low-income Hispanic and African-American mothers with preschool-age children

Abstract Validation work of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) in low-income minority samples suggests a need for further conceptual refinement of this instrument. Using confirmatory factor analysis, this study evaluated 5- and 6-factor models on a large sample of African-American and Hispanic mothers with preschool-age children (n = 962). The 5-factor model included: ‘perceived responsibility’, ‘concern about child's weight’, ‘restriction’, ‘pressure to eat’, and ‘monitoring’ and the 6-factor model also tested ‘food as a reward’. Multi-group analysis assessed measurement invariance by race/ethnicity. In the 5-factor model, two low-loading items from ‘restriction’ and one low-variance item from ‘perceived responsibility’ were dropped to achieve fit. Only removal of the low-variance item was needed to achieve fit in the 6-factor model. Invariance analyses demonstrated differences in factor loadings. This finding suggests African-American and Hispanic mothers may vary in their interpretation of some CFQ items and use of cognitive interviews could enhance item interpretation. Our results also demonstrated that ‘food as a reward’ is a plausible construct among a low-income minority sample and adds to the evidence that this factor resonates conceptually with parents of preschoolers; however, further testing is needed to determine the validity of this factor with older age groups.
The transcription regulator RcoM-2 from Burkholderia xenovorans is a cysteine-ligated hemoprotein that undergoes a redox-mediated ligand switch.

Spectroscopic characterization of the newly discovered heme-PAS domain sensor protein BxRcoM-2 reveals that this protein undergoes redox-dependent ligand switching and CO- and NO-induced ligand displacement. The aerobic bacterium Burkholderia xenovorans expresses two homologous heme-containing proteins that promote CO-dependent transcription in vivo. These regulators of CO metabolism, BxRcoM-1 and BxRcoM-2, are gas-responsive heme-PAS domain proteins like mammalian neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) and the direct oxygen sensor from Escherichia coli (EcDos). BxRcoM-2 was studied using electronic absorption, MCD, resonance Raman, and EPR spectroscopies. In the Fe(III) oxidation state, the heme is low-spin and six-coordinate with a cysteine(thiolate) as one of the two ligands. The sixth ligand is a histidine (His74), which is present in all states of the protein that were studied. Reduction to the Fe(II) oxidation state results in replacement of the cysteine(thiolate) with a neutral thioether ligand, Met...
Two kinds of order: Thoughts on the theory of the firm

Abstract The paper distinguishes between two kinds of order: the order of the firm and other organizations, such as households and states, and the order of the market and other structures, such as networks and associations. The dichotomy parallels the difference between organisms and ecosystems. While both kinds are spontaneous, i.e., not artificial or designed by an external agency, they differ in one important aspect. While structures express efficient arrangement given the constraining variables, organizations involve political constitutions expressing coherent individuality whose nature is not premised on efficiency considerations. The dichotomy sheds light on the difference between market dynamics and organization development.