cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MRI features of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia with histopathological correlation.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH), a rare, noncancerous lesion, is often an incidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided biopsy analysis of other breast lesions. We sought to describe the characteristics of PASH on MRI and identify the extent to which these characteristics are correlated with the amount of PASH in the pathology specimens. We identified 69 patients who underwent MRI-guided biopsies yielding a final pathological diagnosis of PASH between 2008 and 2015. We analyzed pre-biopsy MRI scans to document the appearance of the lesions of interest. All biopsy samples were classified as having ≤50% PASH or ≥51% PASH present on the pathological specimen. On MRI, 9 lesions (13%) appeared as foci, 19 (28%) appeared as masses with either washout or persistent kinetics, and 41 (59%) appeared as regions of nonmass enhancement. Of this latter group, 33 lesions (80%) showed persistent kinetic features. Masses, foci, and regions of nonmass enhancement did not significantly correlate with the percentage of PASH present in the biopsy specimens (P ≥ .05). Our findings suggest that PASH has a wide-ranging appearance on MRI but most commonly appears as a region of nonmass enhancement with persistent kinetic features. Our finding that most specimens had ≤50% PASH supports the notion that PASH is usually an incidental finding. We did not identify a definitive imaging characteristic that reliably identifies PASH.
A science education model for large collaborative centers.

Scientific breakthroughs often require the collaborative efforts of researchers from several fields of study working together toward a common goal.1 This has been recognized by national funding agencies, which fund several Center or Institute programs designed to promote collaboration and advance research and train the next generation of scientists. The majority of these funding calls require a significant investment in educational programing and outreach, but rarely provide specific examples or guidance on how to develop supplemental education programs. We describe here a model education program that addresses many issues faced by large, interdisciplinary Centers and provide examples of the design, implementation, and outcomes of relevant initiatives developed for a National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center.
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Isolated From Nthl1 D227Y Knockin Mice Exhibit Defective DNA Repair and Increased Genome Instability.

Abstract Oxidative DNA damage as a result of normal cellular metabolism, inflammation, or exposure to exogenous DNA damaging agents if left unrepaired, can result in genomic instability, a precursor to cancer and other diseases. Nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 (NTHL1) is an evolutionarily conserved bifunctional DNA glycosylase that primarily removes oxidized pyrimidine lesions. NTHL1 D239Y is a germline variant identified in both heterozygous and homozygous state in the human population. Here, we have generated a knockin mouse model carrying Nthl1 D227Y (mouse homologue of D239Y) using CRISPR-cas9 genome editing technology and investigated the cellular effects of the variant in the heterozygous (Y/+) and homozygous (Y/Y) state using murine embryonic fibroblasts. We identified a significant increase in double stranded breaks, genomic instability, replication stress and impaired proliferation in both the Nthl1 D227Y heterozygous Y/+ and homozygous mutant Y/Y MEFs. Importantly, we identified that the presence of the D227Y variant interferes with repair by the WT protein, possibly by binding and shielding the lesions. The cellular phenotypes observed in D227Y mutant MEFs suggest that both the heterozygous and homozygous carriers of this NTHL1 germline mutation may be at increased risk for the development of DNA damage-associated diseases, including cancer.
High-Order Methods for Turbulent Flows on Three-Dimensional Strand Grids

In this paper, we formulate a high-order flux correction method for three-dimensional laminar and turbulent flows on strand grids. Building on previous work, we treat flux derivatives along strands with high-order summation-by-parts operators and penalty-based boundary conditions. Where turbulence modeling is required, a robust version of the Spalart---Allmaras model is employed that accommodates negative values of the turbulence working variable. Fundamental verification and validation studies are considered, which demonstrate the flux correction method achieves high-order accuracy for both laminar and turbulent flows. The high-order flux correction requires only 30 % more walltime to converge when compared to a second-order scheme.
Forgiveness and the Bottle: Promoting Self-forgiveness with Alcohol Misuse

FORGIVENESS AND THE BOTTLE: PROMOTING SELF-FORGIVENESS IN INDIVIDUALS WHO MISUSE ALCOHOL By Michael Scherer, M.S. A dissertation proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Everett L. Worthington, Jr., Ph.D., Professor, Department of Psychology Forgiveness research has seldom been directed toward alcohol use, misuse, and abuse. To date, forgiveness research in the realm of alcohol use, misuse, and abuse has focused on interpersonal consequences (e.g., Lin, Mack, Enright, Krahn, & Baskin, 2005; Scherer, Worthington, Hook, Campana, West, & Gartner, 2009; Worthington, Scherer, & Cooke, 2006), but has paid minimal attention to intrapersonal consequences. Psychologists today are just beginning to explore the complex and murky waters of self-forgiveness (or lack of it) and the alcohol misuser (e.g., Webb, Robinson, Brower, & Zucker, 2006). In the current dissertation, I review the literature on self-forgiveness, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and alcohol misuse. To explore this phenomena, I created a four-hour selfforgiveness intervention based off Worthington’s (2005) REACH model and motivational interviewing techniques (Miller & Rollnick, 2002). I then conducted the study utilizing a waitlist design with a sample of participants (N = 38) undergoing a routine alcohol rehabilitation protocol in one of two mental health centers in Michigan. The four-hour intervention delivered over three group therapy sessions was found to significantly promote reported levels of selfforgiveness, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and significantly decrease feelings of state guilt and state shame over an alcohol-related offense. I attempt to illustrate the necessity and practicality of the current research in standard addiction treatment. I then discuss in detail the selfforgiveness intervention tailored for alcohol misusing populations and discuss the results. Finally, I will provide a general discussion of the results of the self-forgiveness intervention and how the findings relate to the current body of literature.
Triplet State Investigation of Charge Separation and Symmetry in Single Crystals of R. viridis Reaction Centers

The special pair model for the primary donor of bacterial photosynthesis which was originally proposed on the basis of EPR spectroscopy [1] has now been confirmed by x-ray structural data [2]. The initial interpretation of the EPR linewidth of the donor cation was based on a symmetrical sharing of the unpaired electron on a dimer of chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll. The ground state of the special pair as presently revealed from the x-ray study is indeed a highly symmetrical structure with approximate C2 symmetry.
Affirmative Action and Racial Equity: Considering the Fisher Case to Forge the Path Ahead

Foreword by Gary Orfield Part 1: Background and Evidence Submitted Chapter 1: The Legal Context and Social Science Evidence in Fisher v. University of Texas Liliana M. Garces Chapter 2: Leadership, Citizenship, and Civic Capacity: The Imperative of Racial Diversity for Realizing Higher Education's Public Mission Susan Sturm and Olatunde C. A. Johnson Chapter 3: The Promise of Diversity in Remedying the Harms of Identity-Related Threats and Racial Isolation Allison S. Elgart, Victoria C. Plaut, Nicole Arlette Hirsch, and Eva Jefferson Paterson Chapter 4: Tejas Es Diferente: UT Austin's Admissions Program in Light of Its Exclusionary History Tomiko Brown-Nagin, Lani Guinier, and Gerald Torres Chapter 5: Access and Diversity at the University of California in the Post-Affirmative Action Era Michal Kurlaender, Elizabeth Friedmann, and Tongshan Chang Part 2: Lessons and Strategies Moving Forward Chapter 6: The Mismatch Myth in U.S. Higher Education: A Synthesis of Empirical Evidence at the Law School and Undergraduate Levels William C. Kidder and Richard O. Lempert Chapter 7: Amplifying Asian American Presence: Contending with Dominant Racial Narratives in Fisher Mitchell James Chang Chapter 8: From Access to Outcomes: Considering the Texas Top Ten Percent Plan and Its Relationship to Student Persistence Catherine L. Horn and Stella M. Flores Chapter 9: Walking the Diversity Rationale Talk: A Call to Institutions Maria C. Ledesma Chapter 10: Reflections on the Diversity (Rationale) Literature: Examining the Potential and Need for Critical Diversity Research Praxis Uma M. Jayakumar and Annie S. Adamian, with Mitchell James Chang Afterword: Working Collectively Toward Racial Equity in Higher Education Policy Uma M. Jayakumar and Liliana M. Garces
Automatic grid generation of complex geometries for 3D FDTD simulations

The application of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving problems in complex geometries usually requires a costly and time-consuming process of manually creating the FDTD grid. We introduce an automatic grid generation technique to produce three-dimensional (3D) FDTD grids of complex geometries directly from the input CAD data files. This technique reduces the cost and the time associated with a manual grid generation, and minimizes possible errors on the geometric depiction of the objects. The focus of our automatic FDTD grid generation algorithms is for 3D applications. In the implementation of this algorithm, we assume that the objects within the problem domain are bounded, and the cells in the FDTD grid are uniform. The approach uses methods adapted from computer graphics applications, and results in a robust and efficient algorithm for automatic FDTD grid generation. The benefits are in the increasing speed of the process and the reduction of the complexity in manually creating the FDTD grids. Even though the main focus of approach is for finite volume objects, infinitely thin surfaces can also be represented by the algorithm with few modifications.
Expensing Executive Stock Options: Sorting Out the Issues

This paper examines the issues and controversies over the question of whether executive stock options should be expensed and, if so, how option values should be determined. It identifies and clarifies the key questions and surveys and synthesizes the academic and trade literature. Illustrations and analyses of valuation models are provided. The paper identifies several key issues that have received little attention, such as whether the value to the executive is the cost to the company, how the effects of vesting and forfeiture should be incorporated while maintaining consistency with sound valuation theory, and whether these options should be marked to market. The paper also identifies two areas that have received almost no attention in either the practitioner or academic literature. One is the effect of taxes on the values of these options. The other is the impact, if any, of the influence an executive presumably has on the payoff of the option on the executive's willingness to hold an undiversified portfolio and what effect this factor has on the value of the option.
Methods for Transfecting Cells with Nucleic Acids of Animal Viruses

Somewhat arbitrarily, I have grouped the transfection methods into three classes: hypertonic; insoluble facilitator; and polycation. In actuality, however, these classes may be overlapping to some extent. Moreover, this classification ignores two cell-handling procedures which have been used only sparingly and which do not particularly fit into any one of these classes. These two procedures are: (a) pre-treatment of the cultured vertebrate cells with ultraviolet light (Huppert and Sanders 1958) and (b) pre-treatment of the cells at an elevated but sub-lethal temperature (42 °C for one hour) (Moscarello 1965). In addition, this classification of transfection methods is probably, in certain respects, an oversimplification: for example, the major reason for the effectiveness of the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) method, here classified as a hypertonic method, may not be simply the hypertonicity of the DMSO solution used.
The political economy of financially successful independent hip hop artists

From 2000 to 2010, America’s music industry’s annual revenue went from $4 billion to $2 billion. Much of this is attributed to the internet’s ability to provide consumers with easy access to free music, and hip hop has been especially impacted by this trend. Utilizing document analysis and personal interviews, this study found that the success of independent artists has influenced the business strategies of major record companies. In response to a dramatic decrease in record sales, major labels have made more of an effort to sign their artists to 360 deals, which allow the labels to profit from every aspect of an artist’s brand or identity. While some independent artists are the main beneficiary of the profits generated from their music and personal brand, they also reify the commodity-form capitalist system by attempting to turn their music and brand into a fetishized commodity and by turning their audience into a fetishized commodity.
Cell Cycle Checkpoint Abrogator UCN-01 Inhibits DNA Repair Association with Attenuation of the Interaction of XPA and ERCC1 Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins

UCN-01, an anticancer agent currently in Phase I clinical trials, has been found to potentiate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin (CDDP). Because mammalian cells remove CDDP-induced DNA adducts through the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, we determined the effects of UCN-01 on NER by measuring its effects on the interaction of the repair factors XPA and ERCC1 and the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the repair proteins. The repair activity, as measured by an in vitro repair synthesis assay and an in vivo host-cell reactivation assay using A549 cells, was significantly reduced. Although expression of XPA and ERCC1 proteins was elevated in cells exposed to UCN-01, the treatment resulted in a decreased ERCC1 level in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of cell lysates. A pull-down assay using the MBP-XPA fusion protein showed a significant reduction in the binding of ERCC1 to XPA in nuclear extracts from UCN-01-treated cells compared with untreated cells, suggesting that UCN-01 reduced the XPA-ERCC1 interaction. Consistent with these data, lower repair incision activity was found in the cell extracts from UCN-01-treated cells. In vitro phosphorylation revealed that UCN-01 had no effect on the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation status of either XPA or ERCC1; however, UCN-01 caused dephosphorylation of an unidentified XPA-bound protein with an apparent molecular mass of 52 kDa. Taken together, these data demonstrate the NER-inhibitory action of UCN-01, which is associated with the inhibition of the XPA-ERCC1 interaction by UCN-01 and with the effect of UCN-01 on the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of an XPA-bound, 52-kDa protein, the identity of which remains to be determined.
The Market Revolution in America: Liberty, Ambition, and the Eclipse of the Common Good

Introduction: what do we mean by a market revolution? 1. First fruits of independence Interlude: panic! 1819 2. Marvelous improvements everywhere Interlude: panic! 1837 3. Heartless markets, heartless men 4. How can we explain it? Epilogue: panic! 2008, deja vu all over again An essay on the sources.
Rapid Salmonella detection in experimentally inoculated equine faecal and veterinary hospital environmental samples using commercially available lateral flow immunoassays

Summary Reasons for performing study Salmonella enterica is the most commonly reported cause of outbreaks of nosocomial infections in large animal veterinary teaching hospitals and the closure of equine hospitals. Rapid detection may facilitate effective control practices in equine populations. Shipping and laboratory testing typically require ≥48 h to obtain results. Lateral flow immunoassays developed for use in food-safety microbiology provide an alternative that has not been evaluated for use with faeces or environmental samples. Objectives We aimed to identify enrichment methods that would allow commercially available rapid Salmonella detection systems (lateral flow immunoassays) to be used in clinical practice with equine faecal and environmental samples, providing test results in 18–24 h. Study design In vitro experiment. Methods Equine faecal and environmental samples were inoculated with known quantities of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium and cultured using 2 different enrichment techniques for faeces and 4 enrichment techniques for environmental samples. Samples were tested blindly using 2 different lateral flow immunoassays and plated on agar media for confirmatory testing. Results In general, commercial lateral flow immunoassays resulted in fewer false-negative test results with enrichment of 1 g faecal samples in tetrathionate for 18 h, while all environmental sample enrichment techniques resulted in similar detection rates. The limit of detection from spiked samples, ∼4 colony-forming units/g, was similar for all methods evaluated. Conclusions The lateral flow immunoassays evaluated could reliably detect S. enterica within 18 h, indicating that they may be useful for rapid point-of-care testing in equine practice applications. Additional evaluation is needed using samples from naturally infected cases and the environment to gain an accurate estimate of test sensitivity and specificity and to substantiate further the true value of these tests in clinical practice.
Saturation in laser-induced fluorescence: effect on alignment parameters

Abstract A method for extracting the alignment parameters of a molecular angular momentum distribution using laser-induced fluorescence is presented. The treatment is applicable to the common case of cylindrically symmetric orientation distributions in the high- J limit. Four different combinations of rotational branches in the LIF absorption emission process are examined for experimental arrangements without external fields as well as with an applied strong magnetic field. Computer algebra programs are used to generate simple analytical expressions which account for the influence of saturation on determining alignment parameters. In this analysis saturation effects can be calculated without any prior knowledge of the orientational distribution. It is found that an exact treatment is necessary even at a relatively low saturation and in most cases it can be carried out with only a limited knowledge of the saturation conditions.
The characterization of physical aging in polymeric composites

Abstract The physical aging of an IM7/977-3 polymeric composite was studied by using creep compliance tests. Momentary creep tests were conducted at constant tensile loads within viscoelastic range and under isothermal condition, 104°C. Off-axis composite specimens with 90°, 45°, 30°, and 15° fiber directions were used to characterize the orthotropic creep compliance for different aging times. The effects of aging on the elastic and creep compliances were determined separately. In terms of the effective creep compliance, the effects of physical aging on creep behavior can be represented by momentary master curves. By the use of the superposition principle, each master curve can be shifted to collapse into the reference master curve (RMC) by introducing shift factors and shift rates for time. An effective time model was used for the long-term creep prediction. The effect of aging on relaxation time and shape factor was taken into account in the effective time model.
Reducing maternal smoking and relapse: long-term evaluation of a pediatric intervention.

Abstract Background. Pediatric well-care visits provide a clinical opportunity to counsel new mothers about their smoking and the deleterious effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on infant health. Methods. Forty-nine Oregon pediatric offices enrolled 2,901 women who were currently smoking or had quit for pregnancy, using a brief survey at the newborn's first office visit. Randomly assigned offices provided advice and materials to mothers at each well-care visit during the first 6 months postpartum to promote quitting or relapse prevention. Results. The intervention reduced smoking (5.9% vs 2.7%) and relapse (55% vs 45%) at 6-month follow-up, but logistic regression analysis at 12 months revealed no significant treatment effect. The intervention had a positive effect on secondary outcome variables, such as readiness to quit and attitude toward and knowledge of ETS. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that husband/partner smoking was the strongest predictor of maternal quitting or relapse. Conclusions. A pediatric office-based intervention can significantly affect smoking and relapse prevention for mothers of newborns, but the effect decreases with time. Consistent prompting of the provider to give brief advice and materials at well-care visits could provide a low-cost intervention to reduce infant ETS exposure.
Daytime Boundary-Layer Evolution over Mountainous Terrain. Part 1: Observations of the Dry Circulations

Abstract This paper presents the boundary layer structure which accompanies the development of daytime local wind systems in a broad mountain valley, as revealed by cross sections of potential temperature. It describes how this structure leads to the occurrence of a region of convergence to the downwind side of mountains. Previous studies, based primarily on one-dimensional sounding of potential temperature and horizontal winds, have shown that profiles of static stability and the presence of winds aloft have an important effect on the manner in which daytime, thermally-forced wind systems develop. In the present study, two-dimensional cross sections obtained from aircraft data, vertical soundings and surface mesonet data show several relevant features. In mid to late morning near the surface, for example, upslope winds form in a shallow mixed layer at the underside of the nocturnal inversion layer (cold pool); at elevations above the top of this cold pool, convectively-mixed surface winds exist. The spat...
Implosion dynamics and radiation characteristics of wire-array Z pinches on the Cornell Beam Research Accelerator

Experimental results are presented that characterize the implosion dynamics and radiation output of wire-array Z pinches on the 1-MA, 100-ns rise-time Cornell Beam Research Accelerator (COBRA) [J. B. Greenly et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073501 (2008)]. The load geometries investigated include 20-mm-tall cylindrical arrays ranging from 4to16mm in diameter, and consisting of 8, 16, or 32 wires of either tungsten, aluminum, or Invar (64% iron, 36% nickel). Diagnostics fielded include an optical streak camera, a time-gated extreme-ultraviolet framing camera, a laser shadowgraph system, time-integrated pinhole cameras, an x-ray wide-band focusing spectrograph with spatial resolution, an x-ray streak camera, a load voltage monitor, a Faraday cup, a bolometer, silicon diodes, and diamond photoconducting detectors. The data produced by the entire suite of diagnostics are analyzed and presented to provide a detailed picture of the overall implosion process and resulting radiation output on COBRA. The highest x-r...
Sequence Specific Mutagenesis of the Major (+)-anti-Benzo(a)pyrene Diol Epoxide-DNA Adduct at a Mutational Hot Spot in Vitro and in Escherichia coli Cells

In the supF gene, most (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide ((+)-anti-B[a]PDE) mutagenesis hot spots in Escherichia coli are in 5'-GG sequences [Rodriguez and Loechler (1993) Carcinogenesis 14, 373-383]. A major hot spot was detected at G1 in the sequence 5'-GCG1G2-CCAAAG, whereas G2 yielded very few mutants. In order to investigate the details of such sequence context effects of (+)-anti-B[a]PDE mutagenesis, we have constructed 25-mer oligonucleotides and single-stranded M13 genomes containing the above decamer sequence, in which the trans-N2-dG adduct induced by (+)-anti-B[a]PDE [(+)-trans-anti-B[a]P-N2-dG] at G1 or G2 was introduced. In vitro DNA synthesis on the adducted 25-mers was strongly blocked at each site, although the 3'-->5' exonuclease-deficient Klenow fragment could incorporate a nucleotide opposite the adduct in the presence of Mn2+. For both sites purine nucleotides were preferred. The ratio Vmax/K(m) indicated that the efficiency of incorporation of dGTP opposite these sites was very similar, but dATP incorporation opposite the adduct at G1 was five-fold more efficient than that at G2. For each site, further extension beyond the adducted nucleotide was investigated by annealing four different primers, in which only the nucleotide opposite the adducted deoxyguanosine was altered. Significant extension was only observed when deoxyadenosine was located opposite adducted G1. When the M13 genomes containing the (+)-trans-anti-B[a]P-N2-dG were replicated in E. coli, survival of each adducted genome was less than 1% as compared to the unadducted genome. Upon induction of SOS, viability increased 2-6-fold. DNA sequencing showed no base substitutions in the progeny from SOS-uninduced cells, although small deletions in a quasipalindromic sequence occurred with the adduct being located at either site. However, following SOS induction, up to 40% targeted base substitutions were detected when the adduct was located at G1, while approximately 12% of the progeny were mutants with the adduct at G2. Most base substitutions were targeted G-->T transversions. We conclude that (+)-trans-anti-B[a]P-N2-dG is a highly mutagenic and replication blocking lesion. In addition, the biological consequence of this adduct depends on whether it is located at G1 or G2, suggesting that sequence context plays a major role in the mutagenic processing of this adduct.
Neurotransplantation of Fetal Porcine Cells in Patients with Basal Ganglia Infarcts: A Preliminary Safety and Feasibility Study

Background: Cell transplantation is safe in animal models and enhances recovery from stroke in rats. Methods: We studied the safety and feasibility of fetal porci
Inclined Cavity Effects With Application to Cooling of Biomaterials

The present study involves the numerical investigation of the fluid flow pattern and heat transfer inside bio packages. In the proposed bio package, the biomaterials are encased inside a hollow cavity surrounded by phase change materials. The study represents the numerical analysis of Transient Natural Convection inside an inclined two-dimensional rectangular cavity. The angle of inclination of the thermal enclosure is varied from 0° (heated from below) to 180° (heated from above). The inclination effects of the cavity on the cooling performance of biomaterials are studied. Transient natural convection regimes study, have been performed for Aspect ratio (Ar) 0.5 and at Rayleigh number (Ra) 1.63 e08. Temperature and Stream function contours during the Initial transient stage, Quasi-steady stage and the Late Quasi-steady stage are shown for the flow visualization inside the enclosure. Numerical predictions of the influence of angle of inclination on the Nusselt number and the heat transfer rate during the Quasi-steady stage are obtained. The numerical modeling is performed using commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, based on finite volume approach. Variation of Nusselt number along the coupled wall with time is shown to be dependent on the orientation of the enclosure.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Periprosthetic infections after shoulder hemiarthroplasty.

Background To examine the rates and predictors of deep periprosthetic infections after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. Methods We used prospectively collected institutional registry data on all primary shoulder hemiarthroplasty patients from 1976-2008. We estimated survival free of deep periprosthetic infections using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Using univariate Cox regression analyses, we examined the association of patient-related factors (age, sex, body mass index), comorbidity (Deyo-Charlson index), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, underlying diagnosis, and implant fixation with the risk of infection. Results A total of 1,349 patients, with a mean age of 63 years (SD, 16 years), 63% of whom were women, underwent 1,431 primary shoulder hemiarthroplasties. Mean follow-up was 8 years (SD, 7 years). Fourteen deep periprosthetic infections occurred during the follow-up, confirmed by medical record review. The most common organisms were Staphylococcus aureus , coagulase-negative Staphylococcus , and Propionibacterium acnes , each accounting for 3 cases (21% each). The 5-, 10-, and 20-year prosthetic infection–free rates were 98.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 98.3%-99.5%), 98.7% (95% CI, 98.1%-99.4%), and 98.7% (95% CI, 98.1%-99.4%), respectively. None of the factors evaluated were significantly associated with risk of prosthetic infection after primary shoulder hemiarthroplasty, except that an underlying diagnosis of trauma was associated with a significantly higher hazard ratio of 3.18 (95% CI, 1.06-9.56) for infection compared with all other diagnoses ( P = .04). A higher body mass index showed a non–statistically significant trend toward an association with higher hazard ( P = .13). Conclusion The periprosthetic infection rate after shoulder hemiarthroplasty was low, estimated at 1.3% at 20-year follow-up. An underlying diagnosis of trauma was associated with a higher risk of periprosthetic infection. These patients should be observed closely for development of infection.
Retention Data for Antibiotics Commonly Used for Bovine Infections

This study was designed to observe the maximum time that various antibiotics used in different ways as treatment of bovine infections persisted in milk after final treatment. Both Delvotest-P and Bacillus stearothermophilus (Difco) disc assay procedures were utilized for detection of antibiotic preparations used for treatment of mastitis. None persisted in milk longer than specified on their respective labels. Because antibiotic residues were detected in milk consequent to treatment for intrauterine infections, guidelines for withholding times following intrauterine treatment should be established.
A Developmental Progression Model for Intercultural Consciousness: A Leadership Imperative

Abstract The issues and challenges posed to leaders by cultural differences and human diversity are not being addressed adequately in leadership education. In this article, the author proposes the concept of intercultural consciousness for inclusion in leadership training. He identifies the requisite domains of knowledge and skills associated with intercultural proficiency and presents a developmental progression model of intercultural consciousness for leaders. The model provides a framework for understanding how people make sense of the world and engage accordingly in leadership actions at different levels of intercultural consciousness.
The agglomeration of the GDR capital, Berlin : A survey of its economic geography

The Berlin capital agglomeration is characterized by the specific functions of its core and its agglomeration field. While the influence of historical development is still apparent, the socialist period has seen major changes in the structure of the agglomeration and in the relationship between its various subregions.
On the Finite Element—Least Squares Approximation to Higher Order Elliptic Systems

The use of variational methods of the least squares type has been studied by many authors. They were first introduced for scalar elliptic equations by Bramble & Schatz [1]. This work was extended by Baker [2], who also treated the scalar case. Recent applications have stressed the importance of these ideas for systems. These include problems in acoustics involving the Helmholtz equation [3]–[4], transonic flow problems of the mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type [5]–[7] and elasto-plastic problems [8]. The analysis of these methods for the special case of second order systems is given in [9]–[10], and the goal of this paper is to extend these results to higher order systems.
The role of a putative microfibrillar protein (80 kDa) in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease.

Abstract Background We previously have reported the partial amino acid sequence of a putative aortic autoantigen in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease that has homologies with an elastin-associated microfibrillar protein found in aorta of pigs. This study was conducted to further define the role that microfibrillar proteins may play as autoantigens in AAA disease. Materials and methods An extraction procedure was performed on AAA tissue using high concentrations of guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl) under reducing conditions. The microfibrillar extract was then probed with immunoglobulin (Ig) G isolated with Protein A from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) extracts of 10 AAA specimens and 6 atherosclerotic, nonaneurysmal aortas. Immunoblotting was also performed with serum IgG from 9 AAA patients and 9 normal control patients. Immunohistochemistry using goat anti-human IgG (Fc-specific) on AAA tissue and AAA wall IgG on normal aorta were also performed. Results Eight of 10 AAA wall IgG reacted with an 80-kDa protein from the aortic microfibrillar extract, compared to 0 out of 6 atherosclerotic wall IgG ( P = 0.0035, Fischer’s Exact Test). Staining of the 80-kDa band appeared to increase with progressive additions of GuHCl, up to extract SKGCGC. Immunoblotting using serum IgG from 9 AAA patients and 9 normal control patients on the aneurysm microfibrillar extracts revealed no reactive bands. Immunohistochemistry using IgG from AAA wall showed the localization of the antibodies to the adventitial connective tissue matrix, mainly collagen fibers. Conclusions These observations suggest that a collagen-associated protein, extractable by a microfibrillar extraction procedure from aortic aneurysm tissue, may be among the targets of an autoimmune response in AAA disease.
An Automata-Based Approach to Pattern Matching

Due to its importance in security, syntax analysis has found usage in many high-level programming languages. The Lisp language has its share of operations for evaluating regular expressions, but native parsing of Lisp code in this way is unsupported. Matching on lists requires a significantly more complicated model, with a different programmatic approach than that of string matching. This work presents a new automata-based approach centered on a set of functions and macros for identifying sequences of Lisp S-expressions using finite tree automata. The objective is to test that a given list is an element of a given tree language. We use a macro that takes a grammar and generates a function that reads off the leaves of a tree and tries to parse them as a string in a context-free language. The experimental results indicate that this approach is a viable tool for parsing Lisp lists and expressions in the abstract interpretation framework
The influence of UGT polymorphisms as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation

In solid organ transplant patients, it is important to maintain a fine balance between preventing rejection and reducing adverse effects. Several immunosuppressive agents such tacrolimus, cyclosporine, sirolimus and everolimus require therapeutic drug monitoring. The study of germline variation of the genome has opened novel opportunities to individualize therapy. Among the currently available immunosuppressive agents, cyclosporine, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid are in vitro substrates of the UGT1A and 2B families of glucuronidation enzymes. Mycophenolic acid, either given as mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate sodium, is the most frequently used antiproliferative immunosuppressant. Mycophenolic acid is a prodrug which is rapidly de-esterified in the gut wall, blood, liver and tissue to the active moiety, mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA undergoes significant hepatic metabolism to several metabolites. The 7-hydroxyglucuronide MPA is the major metabolite and is inactive. This paper reviews the current status of the genetic associations between germline UGT variants and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid. Our conclusive assessment of the studies conducted so far is that these germline markers are not ready to be used in the clinic to individualize mycophenolic acid dosing and improve outcome. Novel approaches are required to identify new genetic determinants of outcomes in transplantation.
The development of complex metarepresentational reasoning: The case of situational irony

Abstract Situational irony requires the representation of events that end contrary to expectation, as if in mockery of the fitness of things. It entails metarepresentational reasoning because event representations must be manipulated to recognize and construct ironic events. Ironic ability in 6-and 8-year-olds was tested in a story-completion task. Story stems based on a familiar event, for which a structured, detailed representation is available, were more facilitative of irony at both ages than stems based on a less familiar activity for which no such representation is available. These data support the idea that irony is a metarepresentational skill. Younger children's irony was restricted to ironic forms that entail cognitively simpler representational manipulations, whereas older children's irony included complex forms. Irony was not easily accomplished at either age, however, suggesting that this metarepresentational skill is more difficult than those theory-of-mind behaviors typical of 5-to 8-year-olds. The relation of Situational irony to consciousness and the self is discussed.
Suppressors of Bir1p (Survivin) Identify Roles for the Chromosomal Passenger Protein Pic1p (INCENP) and the Replication Initiation Factor Psf2p in Chromosome Segregation

Fission yeast Bir1p/Cut17p/Pbh1p, the homolog of human Survivin, is a conserved chromosomal passenger protein that is required for cell division and cytokinesis. To study how Bir1p promotes accurate segregation of chromosomes, we generated and analyzed a temperature-sensitive allele, bir1-46, and carried out genetic screens to find genes that interact with bir1(+). We identified Psf2p, a component of the GINS complex required for DNA replication initiation, as a high-copy-number suppressor of the bir1-46 growth defect. Loss of Psf2p function by depletion or deletion or by use of a temperature-sensitive allele, psf2-209, resulted in chromosome missegregation that was associated with mislocalization of Bir1p. We also found that the human homolog of Psf2p, PSF2, was required for proper chromosome segregation. In addition, we observed that high-copy-number expression of Pic1p, the fission yeast homolog of INCENP (inner centromere protein), suppressed bir1-46. Pic1p exhibited a localization pattern typical of chromosomal passenger proteins. Deletion of pic1(+) caused chromosome missegregation phenotypes similar to those of bir1-46. Our data suggest that Bir1p and Pic1p act as part of a conserved chromosomal passenger complex and that Psf2p/GINS indirectly affects the localization and function of this complex in chromosome segregation, perhaps through an S-phase role in centromere replication.
Jupiter:observation of deuterated methane in the atmosphere.

A positive identification of singly deuterated methane has been made in the 4- to 5-micron spectrum of Jupiter.
Evidence that YycJ is a novel 5 -3 double-stranded DNA exonuclease acting in Bacillus anthracis mismatch repair

The most important system for correcting replication errors that survive the built in editing system of DNA polymerase is the mismatch repair (MMR) system. We have identified a novel mutator strain yycJ in Bacillus anthracis. Mutations in the yycJ gene result in a spontaneous mutator phenotype with a mutational frequency and specificity comparable to that of MMR-deficient strains such as those with mutations in mutL or mutS. YycJ was annotated as a metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) super family member with unknown activity. In this study we carried out a biochemical characterization of YycJ and demonstrated that a recombinant YycJ protein possesses a 5'-3' exonuclease activity at the 5' termini and at nicks of double-stranded DNA. This activity requires a divalent metal cofactor Mn2+ and is stimulated by 5'-phosphate ends of duplex DNA. The mutagenesis of conserved amino acid residues revealed that in addition to the five MβL family conserved motifs, YycJ appears to have its specific motifs that can be used to distinguish YycJ from other closely related MβL family members. A phylogenetic survey showed that putative YycJ homologs are present in several bacterial phyla as well as in members of the Methanomicrobiales and Thermoplasmales from Archaea. We propose that YycJ represents a new group of MβL fold exonucleases, which is likely to act in the recognition of MMR entry point and subsequent removal of the mismatched base in certain MutH-less bacterial species.
Static compression of H2O-ice to 128 GPa (1.28 Mbar)

The high-pressure behaviour of H2O is of fundamental importance in both condensed matter and planetary physics1,2. The hydrogen bonding in this system gives rise to a variety of phases at low pressures and temperatures (that is, 100 GPa) where a variety of stable phases, including the metallic form, have been proposed9. Information on the properties of H2O at these pressures has been limited to the results of shock-wave experiments, which probe the fluid phase at high pressures and temperatures10, and to theoretical statistical electron calculations11–15. In this study we have compressed ice in a diamond-anvil cell to 128 GPa and measured the molar volume as a function of pressure by synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. The diffraction data are consistent with the body-centred cubic (b.c.c.) oxygen sublattice of ice VII persisting to the highest pressures of our measurements. The measured equation of state indicates that ice is less compressible at very high pressures than is suggested by recent experiments in the 30–50 GPa range, but more compressible than statistical electron and recent pair-potential models predict.
Design and implementation of a uniplanar gradient field coil for magnetic resonance imaging

A new approach to design uniplanar gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. The theoretical formulation involves a constraint cost function between the desired field in a particular region of interest in space and the current-carrying coil plane based on Biot-Savart's integral equation. An appropriate weight function in conjunction with linear approximation functions allows the transformation of the problem formulation into a linear matrix equation in which its iterative solution yields discrete current elements in terms of magnitude and direction within the prescribed coil plane. These current elements can be synthesized into an overall practical wire configuration by suitably adding individual wire loops. Numerical predictions and practical testing for a Gy gradient coil underscore the success of this approach in terms of achieving a highly linear field while maintaining low parasitic fields. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 20B: 17–29, 2004
Rapid, localized synthesis of titanium-based nanoswords on MEMS

Herein, we report the discovery of a uniquely-shaped, titanium-based nanostructure called a "nanosword," utilizing MEMS as the platform and using a rapid and localized induction heating system. The simple synthesis technique yields high-quality nanostructures with a rare shape that is broad and flat, tapering to a sharp tip with a curvature as low as 2 nm. Sans catalyst and self-sourced from an evaporated layer of titanium, they are synthesized in only 2-5 minutes by the selective heating of ring-shaped microstructures. Growth rates were observed to be 1- 2 mum/min and increases in both the nanosword quality and density were observed by increasing the synthesis temperature and source material volume, respectively. The resistivity averaged 0.192Omega-cm. Such high-quality, sharp-tipped nanostructures could be used in applications like nanoswitches, nanocantilevers, nanoprobes, or plasmonic applications such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy.
Dynamics of quantum liquids in nanoporous media

We sketch our recent neutron scattering measurements of the phonon-roton (P-R) modes and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of liquid 4He in porous media. The aim is to reveal the interdependence of BEC, well-defined P-R modes and superfluidity in helium confined to nanoscales and in disorder. In all porous media investigated to date, we observe well-defined P-R modes above Tc in the normal liquid phase, up to Tλ. Since well defined P-R modes are associated with BEC, this suggests that there is BEC above Tc in porous media. We interpret this as BEC localized to favorable regions separated by regions of normal fluid. At high pressures, p ≥25 bars, well defined P-R modes are no longer observed at lower wavevectors, Q ≤1.5 A. At p ≈39 bars a roton is no longer observed. Work is in progress to explore whether loss of modes can be associated with a recently reported Quantum Phase Transition.
Ibutilide therapy in the conversion of atrial flutter in neonates.

Overview Atrial flutter (AFL) is an uncommon arrhythmia in the fetal and neonatal period, and without appropriate treatment, it can lead to hydrops fetalis and even death. Treatment for neonatal AFL includes medications, transesophageal overdrive pacing, or synchronized direct current cardioversion (DCC). Ibutilide is an accepted pharmacological method of cardioversion in adults and younger children, but there are no documented uses of it in neonates. We report the successful cardioversion of AFL with slow intravenous (IV) infusion of 0.01 mg/kg of ibutilide in 2 neonatal patients.
Src kinase integrates PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways in T3-induced Na-K-ATPase activity in adult rat alveolar cells

We previously reported that the 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3)-induced increase of Na-K-ATPase activity in rat alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) required activation of Src kinase, PI3K, and MAPK/ER...
Sense of Control and Self-Reported Health in a Population-Based Sample of Older Americans: Assessment of Potential Confounding by Affect, Personality, and Social Support

Background Sense of control has been linked to improved health outcomes, but it is unclear if this association is independent of other psychosocial factors.
Reading Xunzi through Nāmā: Two Ancient Inquiries into the Nature of Names

This essay is a comparison between two ancient theories of language—the 5th century BCE Indian etymologist Yāska and the 4th century BCE Chinese philosopher Xunzi 荀子. Specifically, it is a reading of the theory of “the rectification of names” in Xunzi through the lens of Yāska. Xunzi is known for his view that humanity’s innate tendencies need to be shaped through education and ritual. Similarly, ancient Indian authors like Yāska understand that a person is created, or made, through the performance of Vedic sacrifice. Both thinkers’ constructivist theories of language and meaning proceed from these ritual assumptions. However, Yāska would query Xunzi’s inherent distrust of multiple meanings of words and their negative effects on a functional state. Guided instead by a theory of the transcendence of Vedic language, Yāska would argue that the more one can proliferate possible meanings the more powerful a word becomes.