cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-movement stabilization time for the downwash region of a 6-rotor UAV for remote gas monitoring.

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been used to monitor gas emissions for research projects, though downwash, the airflow produced by the UAV rotors, is potentially capable of artificially altering gas concentration measurements. Anemometers, placed at ten different distances below a 6-rotor UAV, measured air speeds in the downwash region. The collected data was used in combination with UAV rotor speed data to determine the stabilization time of the downwash region after the UAV has returned to a stable hovering position. The stabilization time will determine the amount of time after UAV movement until reliable concentration readings can be obtained within the downwash region. This paper presents stabilization times after vertical upward and rotational UAV movement.
Cu[Ni(2,3-pyrazinedithiolate)2] Metal-Organic Framework for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrocatalysts for small molecule activation has been an emerging topic of research. Previous studies have suggested that two-dimensional (2D) dithiolene-based MOFs are among the most active for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, a three-dimensional (3D) dithiolene-based MOF, Cu[Ni(2,3-pyrazinedithiolate)2] (1), is evaluated as an electrocatalyst for the HER. In pH 1.3 aqueous electrolyte solution, 1 exhibits a catalytic onset at -0.43 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), an overpotential (η10 mA/cm2) of 0.53 V to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2, and a Tafel slope of 69.0 mV/dec. Interestingly, under controlled potential electrolysis, 1 undergoes an activation process that results in a more active catalyst with a 200 mV reduction in the catalytic onset and η10 mA/cm2. It is proposed that the activation process is a result of the cleavage of Cu-N bonds in the presence of protons and electrons. This hypothesis is supported by various experimental studies and density functional theory calculations.
Management of Common Scabies and Post-Scabetic Itch in Adults: Lessons Learned from a Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Common scabies can be difficult to diagnose and treat. There are limited data on clinical characteristics of patients who may benefit from combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin. Post-scabetic itch is common, but there is scant data describing its prognosis and management. Objectives This study describes clinical characteristics and evaluates treatment outcomes of participants with common scabies treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin and describes the prognosis and management of post-scabetic itch. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of participants with common scabies treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin therapy and topical permethrin only. Participants previously treated with permethrin and/or ivermectin were excluded. The primary outcome was clinical outcome at follow-up, categorized as cure, worsening, or no change. Secondary outcomes included time from treatment initiation to cure, duration of follow-up after cure, recurrence rate, frequency of post-scabetic itch, and duration of post-scabetic itch. Results Of 55 participants treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin, 49 (89%) achieved cure, 5 (9%) had no change, and 1 (2%) had worsening disease. Of 48 participants treated with topical permethrin only, 46 (96%) achieved cure, 2 (4%) had no change, and 0 (0%) had worsening disease. Thirty-five participants (34%) experienced post-scabetic itch for 52.5 days (interquartile range, 28-135). More participants in the older (mean [standard deviation {SD}]=55 [21] years, P=0.002) combined treatment group experienced post-scabetic itch than in the younger (mean [SD] =42 [19] years) permethrin only treatment group (42% vs 25%, P=0.072). Conclusions These findings support the use of combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin therapy in treating common scabies, highlight that post-scabetic itch can persist for longer than previously reported, and reveal a potential relationship between older age and post-scabetic itch.
Effects of exercise and anxiety on salivary IgA production in female college athletes (MUC9P.820)

This study determined whether the fitness status of college athletes, and/or their measurable anxiety levels, had an effect on production of salivary sIgA. High-intensity physical training in elite sports has a negative effect on immune responses, while moderate-intensity training has a positive effect. In addition, psychological stress has a negative impact on immune function. Few studies have looked at the interplay between physical training and stress on the immune response. In this study, we evaluated 2 populations of female college athletes (Division III): one population participating in intense training (ice hockey), and the other group was in the “off season” (soccer). Maximal oxygen consumption (aerobic fitness) was estimated using the modified Balke sub-maximal treadmill test. Saliva samples were collected for sIgA and cortisol measurement. The anxiety levels were measured using a GAD-7 survey. We found that the team participating in their sport (hockey) had higher salivary IgA levels than the team that was “off season” (soccer). There was a wide range of anxiety levels and no correlation between anxiety and salivary IgA or sport. Higher levels of salivary IgA may confer added immune protection to the in-season athletes and these data suggest that the female college athletes were not training to the point of negatively impacting their immune responses. Strategies to maintain immune health are important to consider in designing training programs for athletes.
Mechanism of the inactivation of guinea pig liver transglutaminase by tetrathionate.

Abstract Treatment of transglutaminase with 2 moles of sodium tetrathionate results in almost complete losses in the transferase and hydrolysis activities of the enzyme toward the substrate, benzyloxycarbonyl-l-glutaminylglycine. The calcium-dependent esterase activity of transglutaminase toward p-nitrophenyl acetate is only partially lost as a result of this treatment. A change in the mechanism of calcium activation, however, is evident from the relationship of the velocities of ester hydrolysis to metal ion concentrations. The losses in the catalytic activities of transglutaminase are accompanied by a concomitant disappearance of four sulfhydryl groups in the enzyme protein. Enzyme inactivated with 35S-labeled tetrathionate showed incorporation of only small amounts of isotope, equivalent to 0.1 to 0.15 mole per mole of enzyme protein. This is in accord with evidence that the loss of the four —SH groups is the result of formation of two intramolecular disulfide bridges. Peptide mapping studies show that a single —SH group of transglutaminase previously identified as essential for all catalytic activities is not a component of the disulfide bridges formed by tetrathionate treatment. Brief incubation of the modified enzyme with dithiothreitol reduces one of these two disulfide bonds as evidenced by the recovery of two —SH groups. No restoration of enzymatic activities, however, accompanies this disulfide cleavage. Upon continued incubation with dithiothreitol, the remaining two —SH groups are recovered together with a parallel restoration of all enzymatic activities. It would appear that the catalytic changes which occur as a result of tetrathionate treatment are associated with formation of a single intramolecular disulfide bridge in the enzyme protein.
Exfoliation of GaN layers using hydrogen implantation

In this paper, the successful exfoliation of 200 nm GaN layers grown on sapphire substrates was achieved usiing H/sub 2//sup +/ implantation and subsequent annealing. We demonstrate that the extent of exfoliation depends not only on the implant dose, but also on the crystallinity of the GaN layer. Extended defects are not uniformally distributed over the wafer, so certain areas showed much more pronounced exfoliation than other areas.
Effect of nitroglycerin, intensain, isoptin and papaverine on coronary blood flow in man: Measured by the coincidence counting technic and rubidium84☆

Abstract The effect of nitroglycerin, Intensain (3-β-dicthylamino-ethyl)-4-methyl-7-carbethoxy-methoxy-2-oxo-[1,2 chromene]), Isoptin (α-isopropyl-α [N-methyl — N — homoveratryl)gamma-aminopropyl]-3, 4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile), and papaverine on the coronary blood flow in man was studied. Coronary flow was measured by the coincidence-counting system using rubidium 84 , a positron emitter. Nitroglycerin, Intensain, and Isoptin produced a significant increase in myocardial flow in individuals without evidence of coronary artery disease; these drugs failed to raise coronary blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease. Papaverine did not significantly alter coronary blood flow. Clinically, the drugs under study have been reported to relieve angina pectoris. The results indicate, therefore, that the improvement of angina pectoris need not depend on an increase in coronary blood flow.
SU-E-T-708: Spatial Accuracy of Small-Target SRS Using Conebeam CT Guidance and Static Arcs with MLC-Defined Fields

Purpose: To measure the spatial accuracy of dose delivery under conebeam CT guidance to small targets using static arcs with MLC-defined fields. Methods: A plastic (PMMA) phantom simulating a small brain lesion was constructed. The lesion was a cylindrical air cavity having 3 mm length and 3.175 mm diameter. Gafchromic EBT 2 film passing through the cavity was pin pricked at the exact geometric cavity center. Following CT simulation treatment plans involving static arcs with MLC-defined fields were designed, similar to radiotherapy with circular tertiary cones. 5×2 mm fields were generated by opening two centrally located leaf pairs of a high-definition MLC to 2.0 mm. The target was irradiated with 6 MV photons on a STx linac under conebeam CT image guidance to 600 cGy at isocenter. Films from coronal and sagittal planes were scanned and evaluated using the ImageJ software. The distance between the centroid of the 50% isodose line and the center of the pin prick was the measure of geographic accuracy. Results: Single arcs resulted in ellipsoidal 50% isodose surfaces having diameters of 5.0 mm along the gantry axis and 7.7 mm in the cross-sectional directions. 4-arc delivery at couch angles of 0, 45, 90 and 315 degrees produced 50% isodose surfaces having diameters of 5.6, 5.7 and 7.5 mm diameters along the lateral, longitudinal and anterior-posterior directions, respectively. In any of the experiments, the largest distance by which the centroid of the 50% isodose line missed the center of the target was 0.36 mm or less. Conclusion: MLC-defined static arcs delivered under conebeam CT guidance provide precise irradiation of small targets. The method is very efficient since no special attachments or modifications of the accelerator are required. Since MLC leaves are stationary throughout the treatment, patient-specific QA involving phantoms should not be required.
The magnetic field near the local bubble

There are almost no direct observational indicators of the magnetic field inside the local bubble. Just outside the bubble, the best tracers are stellar polarization and HI Zeeman splitting. These show that the local field does not follow the large-scale Galactic field. Here we discuss whether the deformation of the large-scale field by the local HI shells is consistent with the observations. We concentrate on the Loop 1 region, and find that the field lines are well-explained by this idea; in addition, the bright radio filaments of Radio Loop 1 delineate particular field lines that are “lit up” by an excess of relativistic electrons.
Effect of Temperature On the Time Required for Hatching and Duration of Life Cycle of Five Mycophagous Nematodes

The effect of seven temperatures between 10 and 30° C was studied on the shortest time required for hatching, development to egg-laying females, and completion of one generation using Aphelenchus avenae, Neotylenchus lin f ordi, Paraphelenchusacontioides, and two isolates of a species of Ditylenchus. Minimum time required for the first egg to hatch and the first larva to develop to an egg-laying female in any one of the replicates was used as the criterion for assessing the effect of temperature on hatching and duration of life cycle. Time necessary for each process decreased as temperature increased until a minimum was reached above which the time required again increased or the temperature was lethal. The shortest generation times were at 25° for N. linfordi, 30° for the two isolates of Ditylenchus sp., and 35° for A. avenae and P. acontioides. No development occurred at 39° for any species, and although hatching occurred at 10°, in no case was the life cycle completed during the course of the experiment.
Optimal significance procedures for simple hypotheses

SUMMARY The likelihood ratio significance procedure is optimal among evidential procedures in that: (i) there is good reason to restrict consideration to procedures based on minimal sufficient statistics, (ii) all such procedures have the same expected significance under the null hypothesis, and (iii) among such procedures the likelihood ratio produces the smallest possible expected significance under the alternative.
The undesirable influence of reconstructive procedures on the symmetry of the nasolabial folds.

Background and Objectives. Although considerable attention has been directed toward the nasolabial fold in the esthetic surgery literature, there are infrequent discussions of the fold's importance in reconstructive surgery of the face. Because the use of common reconstructive techniques for wounds of the central face often introduces undesirable asymmetry to the nasolabial folds, reconstructive surgeons should be more aware of the esthetic consequences of manipulating the nasolabial folds. Methods. The influence of selected reconstructive procedures of the central face on the form and symmetry of the nasolabial folds is analyzed through the examination of multiple clinical examples of reconstructive successes and failures in this area. Results. Many commonly performed reconstructive procedures of the face introduce changes in the nasolabial fold's depth, slope, and location. The inherent asymmetries that such procedures introduce frequently detract from their overall esthetic results. Conclusions. The nasolabial fold is a visually distinct unit of the face that deserves more attention from reconstructive surgeons. When possible, surgical alterations of the fold should be minimized to preserve facial symmetry. JONATHAN L. COOK, MD, HAS INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS.
Strategies for market entry by private international satellite systems

Abstract Intelsat satisfies the international satellite requirements of most nations, but since 1984 the US government has endorsed qualified market entry by international satellite systems separate from the intelsat global cooperative. This policy initially met with substantial opposition, but intelsat did eventually approve the operational plans of PanAmSat. The PanAmSat model for separate system market entry emphasizes provocation and the threat of litigation and congressional intervention, but as new separate systems appear on the horizon other strategies have become available. This article explores separate system models with an eye to identifying whether and how international satellite competition can enhance consumer welfare.
Are there really shortcuts? estimating seat belt use with self-report measures

We examined the utility of estimating rates of automobile seat belt use with self-report measures. Self-report measures overestimate belt use rates compared to observational surveys of the same population. Laws mandating seat belt use did not substantially affect the degree to which self-reports are upwardly biased. We found self-report measures overestimate observed belt use by 8.9 to 19.4 percentage points or by a factor of 1.2 to 2. Our best estimate is that self-reported seat belt use rates be discounted by 12 percentage points to estimate actual belt use rates.
How Shriners Hospitals for Children found the formula for performance excellence

Fragmented, people-intensive processes and entrenched cultural issues are among the thorny realities of cost and quality improvement in healthcare settings. The unconventional hybrid approach of Shriners Hospitals for Children goes to the heart of the problem and also entailed a “middle-out” deployment that tackled the politics of change. The author describes the strategy for building buy-in and participation among clinicians and other staff and for demonstrating the program's potential benefits in order to eventually win board-level endorsement. The program, which integrates a portfolio of improvement methodologies, project management training and tools, and change agents and change leaders from across the organization, is already producing measurable gains for the health system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A LIKELIHOOD APPROACH TO POPULATIONS SAMPLES OF MICROSATELLITE ALLELES

This paper presents a likelihood approach to population samples of microsatellite alleles. A Markov chain recursion method previously published by GRIFFITHS and TAVARE is applied to estimate the likelihood function under different models of microsatellite evolution. The method presented can be applied to estimate a fundamental population genetics parameter θ as well as parameters of the mutational model. The new likelihood estimator provides a better estimator of θ in terms of the mean square error than previous approaches. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the method may easily be applied to test models of microsatellite evolution. In particular it is shown how to compare a one-step model of microsatellite evolution to a multi-step model by a likelihood ratio test.
Fractional quantum Hall effect at ν = 2 3 and 4 3 in strained Si quantum wells

We report transport measurements on the $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{2}{3}$ and $\frac{4}{3}$ fractional quantum Hall effect states in the two-dimensional electron system (2 DES) in a ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}}_{0.75}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.25}$ heterostructure (density $n\ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\sim}9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/\mathrm{V}\mathrm{}\mathrm{s})$ at temperatures down to 40 mK and in magnetic fields (B) up to 42 T. An energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.6\mathrm{K}$ was deduced at $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{2}{3},$ which is small compared to the theoretically expected value (\ensuremath{\sim}30 K) and to that measured in the ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ heterostructures with similar electron scattering rate. This large discrepancy cannot be accounted for by finite thickness and Landau level mixing corrections, and suggests that the valley degeneracy inherent in Si may play a role. Tilting B-field experiments were performed to study the spin polarization of these two states and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xx}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ were seen to maintain their strength up to the highest tilt angle of 48\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. From this observation we conclude that the $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{2}{3}$ and $\frac{4}{3}$ states are spin polarized.
Multiple forms of the cobalt(II)-carnosine complex.

Abstract Cobalt(II) ion and L-carnosine produce two different complexes when mixed in aqueous solution at pH 7.2. One complex has coordination of N-3 of the imidazole ring to the cobalt(II) and is produced when the concentration of peptide exceeds that of cobalt(II). The second complex has chelation of three nitrogen atoms of a single carnosine. This second complex produces a reversible oxygen carrier by making stable mixed chelates with additional carnosine, histidine or cysteine. These results indicate that cobalt complexes with mixed ligands should be of more importance in vivo than those with carnosine as the only ligand. They provide an explanation for the high activity and substrate specificity of carnosinase in kidney.
Aryl hydroxylation of isopropyl-3-chlorocarbanilate by soybean plants

Abstract Isopropyl-3-chlorocarbanilate-phenyl UL- 14 C (CIPC- 14 C) is absorbed, translocated and metabolized by soybean plants. Water-soluble metabolites in root and shoot were purified and the root major metabolite characterized. The acetylated aglucones from the β-glucosidase hydrolysis and the esters from the direct acetylation of CIPC- 14 C polar metabolites were purified by GLC and analysed by mass spectrometry. The data showed that the phenyl riong of CIPC- 14 C was hydroxylated by both root and shoot tissues. Isopropyl-5-chloro-2-hydroxycarbanilate (hydroxy-CIPC) was the predominant aglucone liberated by β-glucosidase from polar metabolites in root and shoot. The o -glucoside of hydroxy-CIPC was shown to be present, by direct acetylation and characterization. In shoot tissue the major metabolites were dechlorinated hydroxy-CIPC and were not hydrolysed by β-glucosidase. These data show that soybean root or shoot tissues hydroxylate the phenyl ring of CIPC- 14 C but do not alter either the isopropyl alcohol moiety or the e arbamate bond.
Simple anthropometric indices associated with ischemic heart disease.

Abstract In a case-control study of 217 hospitalized incident cases of ischemic heart disease and 261 controls we compared various anthropometric indices for the strength of their associations to the outcome event. The ratio of supine sagittal abdominal diameter to midthigh girth ("abdominal diameter index"; ADI) was the simple index that best discriminated cases from controls for both men (standardized difference, 0.65; p p p p
International business standards: The competitive imperative

The global marketplace is a reality, and standards for business behavior should be as well. Isolated laws and sanctions do not allow for a level playing field. We believe that adoption of international business standards would provide a better and truly competitive business environment. Unifying the efforts of multinational businesses would intensify the potential impact and hopefully reduce the need for government mandates. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reexpression of a T/t-complex antigen (t12) in thymocyte x embryonal carcinoma cell hybrids.

Hybrids between PCC4 aza 1 teratocarcinoma cells and thymocytes from an adult +/t12 mouse are phenotypically embryonal carcinoma cells. They express the t12 antigen and do not express detectable H-2 antigens. Normally t12 is only expressed early in development and on male germ cells. Thus, the thymocyte genome is reprogramed such that adult thymocyte H-2 antigen is turned off but the thymocyte genome participates in the embryonal cell phenotype by reexpressing an embryonic antigen long silent in the adult. The expression of the t12 embryonic antigen represents the first example of the activation of a gene in somatic cell hybrids that is expressed only temporally in development.
Effects of fermion localization in Higgsless theories and electroweak constraints

Abstract Extra-dimensional Higgsless models with electroweak symmetry breaking through boundary conditions generically have difficulties with electroweak precision constraints, when the fermions are localized to the “branes” in the fifth dimension. In this Letter we show that these constraints can be relaxed by allowing the light fermions to have a finite extent into the bulk of the fifth dimension. The T and U electroweak parameters can be naturally suppressed by a custodial symmetry, while the S parameter can be made to vanish through a cancellation, if the leakage into the bulk of the light gauge fields and the light left-handed fermion fields are of the same size. This cancellation is possible while allowing realistic values for the first two generations of fermion masses, although special treatment is probably required for the top quark. We present this idea here in the context of a specific continuum theory-space model; however, it can be applied to any five-dimensional Higgsless model, either with a flat or a warped background.
The evolutionary context of the first hominins

The relationships among the living apes and modern humans have effectively been resolved, but it is much more difficult to locate fossil apes on the tree of life because shared skeletal morphology does not always mean shared recent evolutionary history. Sorting fossil taxa into those that belong on the branch of the tree of life that leads to modern humans from those that belong on other closely related branches is a considerable challenge.
Presence of an antigonadotropic substance in rat pineal incubation media

Abstract Adult rat pineal glands were incubated for six hours in an oxygenated Krebs-Ringer buffer containing glucose. The incubation media were observed to inhibit compensatory ovarian hypertrophy when administered as single intraperitoneal injections to Charles River CD-1 mice on the day of unilateral ovariectomy. The media from rat cerebral or cerebellar incubations did not demonstrate similar antigonadotropic activity. Inactivation of the rat pineal incubation media was produced by treatment with the proteolytic enzyme trypsin.
Dual Domestic Listing, Market Structure and Shareholder Wealth

This paper examines the impact of dual domestic listing of common stocks on shareholder wealth. The sample contains 137 AMEX- and NYSE-listed companies that dually listed their common stocks on the Pacific and Midwest Stock Exchanges between 1984 and 1988. Because the sample stocks do not have unlisted trading privileges, dual listing changes the market structure in which the stocks traded. Changes in market structure may affect stock returns through the liquidity services provided by the competing markets and through the possible nonhomogeneous clientele across markets. Using standard event methodology to examine stock market behavior around dual listing shows that the net effect of dual listing on returns is negative. Such negative returns suggest that corporate managers have reasons for dual domestic listing other than increasing shareholder wealth.
Fungal Symbionts in the Prothoracic Mycangium of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleopt.: Scolytidae)

An undescribed Sporothrix (SJB 133) and a basidiomycete (SJB 122) were the predominant fungi observed in the prothoracic mycangium of the female southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. Fresh preparations and single-spore cultures from mycangia of emerging females showed that Sporothrix sp. occurred as small clavate to elongate spores and the basidiomycete formed large “ambrosia propagules”. Both appeared to be in the state of growth. These were the predominant organisms isolated from mycangia of attacking females. Other microorganisms, such as Ceratocystis minor, Penicillium spp., and yeasts, may occasionally enter the mycangium during early adult life, only yeasts were present in mycangia of attacking beetles. These results suggest that the chemical regime of the mycangium selectively favors Sporothrix sp. and the basidiomycete. There is also evidence that the Sporothrix isolate is a highly modified anascigerous form of Ceratocystis. Zusammenfassung uber Pilz-Symbionten im prothorakalen Myzangium von Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleopt,: Scolytidae) Im prothorakalen Myzangium des ♀ Borkenkafers D. frontalis wurden 2 unbekannte Pilzarten gefunden: Sporothrix spec. (SJB 133) und Basidiomycete (SJB 122). In frisch geschlupften ♀♀ tritt Sporothrix spec, als langlich schmale Sporen und der Basidiomycete in Form groserer “Ambrosia-Fortpflanzungskorper” auf. Beide scheinen sich im Stadium des Wachstums zu befinden. Diese beiden Pilzarten waren die in den Myzangien vorherrschenden Symbionten. Andere Mikroorganismen wie Ceratocystis minor, Penicillium spp. und Hefepilze dringen gelegentlich wahrend des fruhen Imaginalstadiums in den Symbiontenbehalter ein, doch wurden von ihnen in einbohrenden Kafern nur Hefen gefunden. Dies weist darauf hin, das von den chemischen Verhaltnissen im Myzangium vor allem Sporothrix spec, und der Basidiomycete begunstigt werden. Einige Anzeichen deuten darauf hin, das es sich bei Sporothrix spec, um eine stark modifizierte Form von Ceratocystis handelt.
Dynamics of Block Copolymer Micelles

The structure and melt-state viscoelastic properties for liquidlike ordered micelles, prepared by blending a highly asymmetric polystyrene-rich block copolymer with a polystyrene homopolymer, are examined using a combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), electron microscopy, and dynamic oscillatory rheological measurements. The SANS data, analyzed using a monodisperse Percus-Yevick hard-sphere model, indicated that with homopolymer addition the core diameter remained unchanged while the corona was swollen. The melt viscoelastic data indicated a surprising blend composition- independent "Newtonian" viscosity for blend compositions ranging from 5 to 50 wt % block copolymer. A simple model for the viscosities accounting for the corona swelling, indicated by SANS, provided reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
AMERICA’S COLORMEN: BOCOUR, LEVISON, GAMBLIN, AND GOLDEN

AbstractFour paint manufacturers have figured prominently in the world of contemporary art conservation in the US: Leonard Bocour (1910-93), Henry Levison (1906-88), Robert Gamblin (b. 1948) and Mark Golden (b. 1954). The Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation (FAIC) has transcripts of interviews with all four men and additional transcripts from allied professionals: Rene de la Rie, conservation scientist, artists Mark Gottsegen and Joy Turner Luke of the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM International) and Monona Rossol of Arts, Crafts, and Theater Safety (ACTS). The Bocour, Liquitex, Gamblin and Golden companies have manufactured paints used by both artists and conservators. Conservators were at first the incidental consumers of products created by Bocour and Levison, but eventually became target customers for Gamblin and Golden.
Reconfigurable Systems and Flexible Programming for Hardware Design, Verification and Software Enablement for System-on-a-Chip Architectures

In this paper we provide a detailed description of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based reconfigurable system which has been used in the development of a System on a Chip (SoC) processor and corresponding applications targeted for network computing appliances. The complexity of the processor, in terms of number of hardware threads (64), integrated on chip accelerators and network interfaces, combined with time to market requirements of the final system necessitated hardware verification and software development on pre-silicon systems that provided a high degree of architecture fidelity, reasonable time to completion for verification tests, and sufficient diagnosis tools for root cause analysis from processor logic to application design. To meet these requirements, we developed an FPGA based emulator which actually implemented the combined chip logic function by mapping it to FPGA equivalent gate functions. This system has the advantage over other simulation environments in that it has actual chip logic that can be executed at "real world speeds" e.g. MHz, rather than the traditional HDL simulators which are typically executed at 10 or 100's of KHz. Additional flexibility in terms of system verification, analysis and application development was provided by the development of a library OS based programming environment, Bare Metal Application (BMA), complimentary to both the FPGA based system as well as the actual silicon. The main contribution of this work was the development of a reconfigurable and flexible simulation system, both hardware and software which, to the best of our knowledge, provided the first heterogeneous multipurpose environment for silicon and software validation on a system with both general purpose cores and on board accelerators.
From Godunov to a unified hybridized discontinuous Galerkin framework for partial differential equations

By revisiting the basic Godunov approach for system of linear hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) we show that it is hybridizable. As such, it is a natural recipe for us to constructively and systematically establish a unified hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) framework for a large class of PDEs including those of Friedrichs' type. The unification is fourfold. First, it provides a single constructive procedure to devise HDG schemes for elliptic, parabolic, hyperbolic, and mixed-type PDEs. The key that we exploit is the fact that, for many PDEs, irrespective of their type, the first order form is a hyperbolic system. Second, it reveals the nature of the trace unknowns as the upwind states. Third, it provides a parameter-free HDG framework, and hence eliminating the "usual complaint" that HDG is a parameter-dependent method. Fourth, it allows us to rediscover most existing HDG methods and furthermore discover new ones.We apply the proposed unified framework to three different PDEs: the convection-diffusion-reaction equation, the Maxwell equation in frequency domain, and the Stokes equation. The purpose is to present a step-by-step construction of various HDG methods, including the most economic ones with least trace unknowns, by exploiting the particular structure of the underlying PDEs. The well-posedness of the resulting HDG schemes, i.e. the existence and uniqueness of the HDG solutions, is proved. The well-posedness result is also extended and proved for abstract Friedrichs' systems. We also discuss variants of the proposed unified framework and extend them to the popular Lax-Friedrichs flux and to nonlinear PDEs. Numerical results for transport equation, convection-diffusion equation, compressible Euler equation, and shallow water equation are presented to support the unification framework.
Excitability cycle of the direct cortical response studied with minimal stimuli and response averaging

Abstract 1. 1. The direct response of suprasylvian gyrus of succinyl-cholinized unanesthetized cats was studied with minimal stimulation and responses averaging. Excitability cycles were determined by paired stimulation, the intervals between conditioning and testing stimuli being 0.25–500 msec. 2. 2. There is an initial period of augmented responsiveness, lasting about 5 msec, followed by a period of depression, maximal at about 10 msec, and with a variable rapid phase of recovery followed by a prolonged mild depression (occasionally augmentation) up to 500 msec. 3. 3. The absence of detectable latency and absence of early refractory period suggest that the dendrites are directly excited. 4. 4. A positive potential parallels the period of early depression. Both occur sooner with increased strength of stimulus, and the onset of depression occurs later after intravenous nembutal. It is suggested that both the depression and the positive potential represent activation of inhibitory mechanisms.
The Total Scattering Cross Section of Neutrons by Hydrogen and Carbon

The total cross sections of hydrogen and carbon for neutrons has been determined by measuring the transmission of polythene and graphite scatterers for neutrons with energies 0.798, 1.078, 1.340, 1.578, 4.92, and 4.97 Mev. The correction for the finite geometry of the experiment was made by measuring the cross section as a function of the scatterer area and extrapolating to zero area. The cross sections are considered to be reliable to approximately \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 percent.
Desorption kinetics of C60 multilayers from Al2O3 (0001)

Abstract The thermal desorption of C60 multilayers from Al2O3 (0001) was studied using time-resolved transmission electronic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Isothermal and temperature-programmed absorption spectroscopy investigations were used to determine the desorption barrier, Ed, and the zeroth-order desorption pre-exponential, ν0. By fitting the results from the isothermal desorption studies to zeroth-order kinetic, the desorption parameters were determined to be Ed=31.9±0.9 kcal/mol and ν0=(6±3)×1025 molecules/cm2 s. Similarly, the temperature-programmed desorption results fit to zeroth-order kinetics gave Ed=32.4±1.4 kcal/mol and ν0=(5±2)×1025 molecules/cm2 s. Given that the desorption activation barrier, Ed, is equivalent to the energy of sublimation ,ΔEsub, the heat of sublimation of C60 multilayers is ΔHsub=ΔEsub+RT=33.1±0.9 kcal/mol. Using the heat of sublimation, the equilibrium vapor pressure of C60 was also determined as a function of temperature.
Trends in access to water supply and sanitation in 31 major sub-Saharan African cities: an analysis of DHS data from 2000 to 2012

By 2050, sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) urban population is expected to grow from 414 million to over 1.2 billion. This growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation (WS&S). This study aims to characterize trends in access to WS&S in SSA cities and identify factors affecting those trends. DHS data collected between 2000 and 2012 were used for this analysis of thirty-one cities in SSA. Four categories of household access to WS&S were studied using data from demographic and health surveys – these included: 1) household access to an improved water supply, 2) household’s time spent collecting water, 3) household access to improved sanitation, and 4) households reporting to engage in open defecation. An exploratory analysis of these measures was then conducted to assess the relationship of access to several independent variables. Among the 31 cities, there was wide variability in coverage levels and trends in coverage with respect to the four categories of access. The majority of cities were found to be increasing access in the categories of improved water supply and improved sanitation (65% and 83% of cities, respectively), while fewer were making progress in reducing the amount of time spent collecting water and reducing open defecation (50% and 38% of cities, respectively). Additionally, the prevalence of open defecation in study cities was found to be, on average, increasing. Based on DHS data, cities appeared to be making the most progress in gaining access to WS&S along metrics which reflect specified targets of the Millennium Development Goals. Nearly half of the cities, however, did not make progress in reducing open defecation or the time spent collecting water. This may reflect that the MDGs have led to a focus on “improved” services while other measures, potentially more relevant to the extreme poor, are being neglected. This study highlights the need to better characterize access, beyond definitions of improved and unimproved, as well as the need to target resources to cities where changes in WS&S access have stalled, or in some cases regressed.
PAMELA and dark matter

Assuming that the positron excess in PAMELA satellite data is a consequence of annihilations of cold dark matter, we consider from a model-independent perspective if the data show a preference for the spin of dark matter, and find that they do not. We then perform a general analysis of annihilations into two-body states to determine what weighted combination of channels best describes the data.
Numerical simulations of the internal tide in a submarine canyon

Abstract Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the generation and propagation of the semidiurnal internal tide in a submarine canyon with dimensions similar to those of the Monterey Canyon are carried out using a primitive equation model. Forcing with just sea level at the offshore boundary in an initially horizontally homogeneous ocean with realistic vertical stratification, internal tides are generated at the canyon foot and rim, and along portions of the canyon floor. The results compare favorably with observations, both indicating enhancement of energy along the canyon floor propagating at an angle consistent with linear internal wave theory. Due to the earth's rotation, internal tide energy is distributed asymmetrically in the cross-canyon direction, favoring the southern side. The effect of canyon floor slope is explored, with the finding that small changes in the slope result in large changes in the amount and distribution of the internal tide energy. Canyons whose floors are subcritical with respect to the semidiurnal frequency along their entire length have very little baroclinic energy, whereas canyons that are near-critical along much of their length, such as the Monterey Canyon, develop strong internal tides that propagate shoreward. Canyons that are near-critical at their mouths but supercritical further inshore generate the most internal tidal energy overall, although little of it makes it onto the continental shelf shoreward of the canyon head. The effects of internal tides within the canyons can be seen outside the canyons as well. Water is transported from depth onto the adjacent continental shelf along the canyon rims. This tidal pumping can be responsible for alongshore internal tide propagation and tidal-period surface currents with relatively small horizontal scales of variability.
3D simulations of linearized scalar fields in Kerr spacetime

We investigate the behavior of a dynamical scalar field on a fixed Kerr background in Kerr-Schild coordinates using a (3+1)-dimensional spectral evolution code, and we measure the power-law tail decay that occurs at late times. We compare evolutions of initial data proportional to f(r)Y[script l]m(theta,phi), where Y[script l]m is a spherical harmonic and (r,theta,phi) are Kerr-Schild coordinates, to that of initial data proportional to f(rBL)Y[script l]m(thetaBL,phi), where (rBL,thetaBL) are Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. We find that although these two cases are initially almost identical, the evolution can be quite different at intermediate times; however, at late times the power-law decay rates are equal.
Autogenous bone banking in a contralateral total hip arthroplasty: A case report

The operative technique of autogenous bone banking of a femoral head from a symptomatic degenerative hip undergoing a primary total hip arthroplasty into an osseous deficiency of an asymptomatic, contralateral, loose acetabular component is described. The rationale for bone banking an autogenous femoral head versus the use of an allograft or iliac crest autograft at a later date is discussed.
Small Interfering RNAs That Deplete the Cellular Translation Factor eIF4H Impede mRNA Degradation by the Virion Host Shutoff Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) virion host shutoff (Vhs) protein is an endoribonuclease that accelerates decay of many host and viral mRNAs. Purified Vhs does not distinguish mRNAs from nonmessenger RNAs and cuts target RNAs at many sites, yet within infected cells it is targeted to mRNAs and cleaves those mRNAs at preferred sites including, for some, regions of translation initiation. This targeting may result in part from Vhs binding to the translation initiation factor eIF4H; in particular, several mutations in Vhs that abrogate its binding to eIF4H also abolish its mRNA-degradative activity, even though the mutant proteins retain endonuclease activity. To further investigate the role of eIF4H in Vhs activity, HeLa cells were depleted of eIF4H or other proteins by transfection with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) 48 h prior to infection or mock infection in the presence of actinomycin D. Cellular mRNA levels were then assayed 5 h after infection. In cells transfected with an siRNA for the housekeeping enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, wild-type HSV infection reduced beta-actin mRNA levels to between 20 and 30% of those in mock-infected cells, indicative of a normal Vhs activity. In contrast, in cells transfected with any of three eIF4H siRNAs, beta-actin mRNA levels were indistinguishable in infected and mock-infected cells, suggesting that eIF4H depletion impeded Vhs-mediated degradation. Depletion of the related factor eIF4B did not affect Vhs activity. The data suggest that eIF4H binding is required for Vhs-induced degradation of many mRNAs, perhaps by targeting Vhs to mRNAs and to preferred sites within mRNAs.
Molecular kinetics of muscle adenosine triphosphatase. II. Solvent and structural effects

Abstract 1. 1. The kinetics of the myosin-adenosine triphosphate system have been studied in various methanol-water and dioxane-water mixtures, at both low and high substrate concentrations. The rates are found to increase as the concentrations of methanol and of dioxane are increased. 2. 2. From the results are calculated the electrostatic contributions to the entropy of formation of the enzyme-substrate complex and to that of the breakdown of the complex. Using the data of a previous paper the corresponding nonelectrostatic entropies are obtained. 3. 3. The results are shown to be consistent with charge formation, while during complex breakdown there is apparently a separation of like (negative) charges.
Effects of Breathing Carbon Dioxide upon the Pulmonary Circulation

The effects of inhaling 5 per cent carbon dioxide in air on the pulmonary arterial blood pressure and flow were studied in 5 subjects with normal pulmonary circulations and in 10 patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema. In the 5 control subjects, with an average increase in arterial P CO CO2 of 6 mm. Hg (37 to 43) and a 3-fold increase in minute ventilation, both pulmonary arterial blood pressure and flow remained unchanged. In the 10 patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema with a similar increase in arterial P CO CO2 (45 to 52) and a 2-fold increase in minute ventilation, there was a 14 per cent increase in cardiac output and a rise in pulmonary arterial mean pressure of 4 mm. Hg. In these patients an increment in pulmonary arterial pressure was invariably associated with an appreciable increment in blood flow. The present study affords no support for the view that the breathing of air enriched with carbon dioxide elicits pulmonary vasoconstriction in either normal subjects or in patients with chronic pulmonary disease.
Lower Order Terms in Szegö Type Limit Theorems on Zoll Manifolds

Abstract We compute the third order term in a generalization of the Strong Szego Limit Theorem for a zeroth order pseudodifferential operator (PsDO) on a Zoll manifold of an arbitrary dimension. In Guillemin and Okikiolu (Guillemin, V., Okikiolu, K. ([1997a]). Spectral asymptotics of Toeplitz operators on Zoll manifolds. J. Funct. Anal. 146:496–516), the second order term was computed by Guillemin and Okikiolu. In the present article, an important role is played by a certain combinatorial identity which we call the generalized Hunt–Dyson formula (Gioev, D. ([2002b]). Generalized Hunt–Dyson formula and Bohnenblust–Spitzer theorem. Int. Math. Res. Not. 2002(32):1703–1722). This identity is a different form of the renowned Bohnenblust–Spitzer combinatorial theorem which is related to the maximum of a random walk with i.i.d. steps on the real line. A corollary of our main result is a fourth order Szego type asymptotics for a zeroth order PsDO on the unit circle, which in matrix terms gives a fourth order asym...