cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct stimulation of pituitary prolactin release by glutamate.

Abstract The ability of glutamate and other excitatory amino acids to stimulate prolactin secretion when administered to adult animals is hypothesized to depend on a central site of action in the brain, but there are no data to support this position. An alternative hypothesis was tested that glutamate would stimulate prolactin release when applied directly to primary cultures of dispersed adult female rat anterior pituitary cells studied in a perifusion protocol. Glutamate increased the rate of prolactin release within two minutes in a self-limited manner. Glutamate-stimulated prolactin release was augmented about 4-fold by elimination of magnesium from the perifusate and was associated with stimulation of pituitary calcium flux. Ketamine and MK-801 both reduced the basal rate of prolactin release and abolished the effects of glutamate. Pituitary cells of 10-day-old rats responded similarly to glutamate. Exposure to glutamate did not influence subsequent responses to physiological hypothalamic secretagogues, thus the likelihood of toxicity was minimized. These results suggest that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subclass of the glutamate receptor complex is involved. Prolactin secretion may be regulated physiologically through a functional glutamate receptor on pituitary cells.
The Father as an Idea: A Challenge to Kinship Boundaries by Single Mothers

In separating parenthood from partnership, women have created new family forms in which men may be involved but not as traditional fathers. Through in-depth interviews with single middle-class women, I compare families created with anonymous donors to those created with known donors. In the former cases, mothers craft imagined fathers as their children become “looking glasses” into the men they will probably never meet. These children must rely on the mothers’ imagination to create a sense of the fathers’ view of them. While known donors are not “dads” either, the mothers help these children imagine positive fathers, often through more concrete, personal knowledge, and these fathers often know the children from a distance. In an interesting manner, although children may be created without men as physically present “dads,” women contextualize the donors that allowed them to become mothers through acknowledging the social ways that blood kinship creates families. They ultimately reaffirm certain kinds of kinship rather than challenge them.
Dynamic ionization of water under extreme conditions.

Raman spectroscopy in a laser heated diamond anvil cell and first principles molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study water in the temperature range 300 to 1500 K and at pressures to 56 GPa. We find a substantial decrease in the intensity of the O-H stretch mode in the liquid phase with pressure, and a change in slope of the melting line at 47 GPa and 1000 K. Consistent with these observations, theoretical calculations show that water beyond 50 GPa is ``dynamically ionized'' in that it consists of very short-lived ($l10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fs}$) ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{OH}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ species, and also that the mobility of the oxygen ions decreases abruptly with pressure, while hydrogen ions remain very mobile. We suggest that this regime corresponds to a superionic state.
The structure of crystals formed from dilute polymer solutions

The structures of crystallites formed from a dilute solution of linear polyethylene and of an ethylene-butene copolymer (hydrogenated polybutadiene) have been studied using several different methods. In addition to the conventional thermodynamic methods, small-angle x-ray scattering measurements and analysis of the low-frequency Raman longitudinal acoustic mode (LAM) were also carried out. The major objectives were to establish the level of crystallinity and to determine the thickness of the crystallite core. The results of these studies were also applied to the analysis of the literature data for isotactic polystyrene crystallites formed from dilute solution. For the linear chains and the isothermally crystallized copolymer the different methods gave essentially the same results. The thickness of the amorphous overlayer for the lamellas formed by the homopolymers was found to be about 25 A, in agreement with previous conclusions. It represents about 20–30% of the lamellar thickness. For the isothermally crystallized copolymers, the overlayer thickness increases to as much as 60 A and the level of crystallinity is reduced to about 50%. For the rapidly crystallized, small crystallite size copolymer there is a discrepancy in the sizes obtained by the different methods. Possible reasons for the differences are pointed out However, a rather large overlayer is still deduced. When examined in perspective, it becomes clear that the lamellar-like crystallites, typical of crystallization from dilute solution, contain a significant disordered overlayer. The relative extent of this overlayer depends on the chain structure.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Review of the Literature: Report of Two Cases

S INCE THE INITIAL REPORT IN 1958 BY Rosen, Castleman, and Liebow’ of 27 cases of a “new” disease-pulmonary alveolar proteinosis-approximately 34 cases of a pathologically similar disease have been reported in the literature. We wish to report two additional cases who have recovered without therapy and with continued exposure to noxious environmental factors. Review of the data previously reported and the present study support an infectious etiology of the disease. CASE REPORTS M.G. is a 25-year-old married, white, Italian, post office maintenance man first admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Brooklyn, New York in December, 1955 for an anxiety reaction. He had been a heavy drinker since age 18. Physical examination at that time was normal as were laboratory data including a blood count, ECG, serologic test for syphilis, serum bilirubin, and chest x-ray film. The patient was treated with chlorpromazine and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride for two weeks and discharged. He discontinued all medications at home. He was readmitted four years later in November, 1959 complaining of sharp pain in the right shoulder of six months’ duration aggravated by motion and exertion, but not respiration. He denied cough or hemoptysis, weight loss, anorexia, night sweats, or exposure to tuberculosis. He had noted exertional dyspnea after one flight of stairs for the previous three months. Six weeks prior to admission, he had a routine chest x-ray film taken by the New York City Board of Health and was referred to the Veterans Administration Regional Office where a second film was taken (Fig. 1). Sputum was collected for
Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Trapped Atomic Hydrogen.

We report observation of the 1S-2S two-photon transition in hydrogen confined in a magnetic trap at submillikelvin temperatures. The excitation spectrum can display a sharp central feature arising from periodic motion of the trapped atoms. The metastable 2S atoms remain trapped, and have a lifetime close to the natural lifetime of 122 ms. These developments open the way to achieving the transition's natural linewidth. We have also demonstrated that the temperature of the gas can be determined from the line shape, providing an important tool for the study of cold trapped hydrogen. The resolution in these experiments appears to be limited by laser stability, currently 3 kHz.
Synthetic, Structural, and Theoretical Investigation of Guanidinate Complexes Containing Planar Cu6 Cores

The addition of diethylcyanamide to a tetrahydrofuran solution of lithium dialkylamide LiN(CH3)2 or LiNCH2CH2CH2CH2, Li(PYR), results in the corresponding lithium 1,1,3,3-tetraalkylguanidinate, Li(TAG). The subsequent metathesis reaction of Li(TAG) with CuCl generates hexanuclear copper(I) complexes with the general formula [Cu(μ-TAG)]6, where TAG = DEDMG (1) and DEPYRG (2).
Translocation of Streptomycin from Coleus Leaves and Its Effect on Rhizosphere Bacteria.

Autoradiographs showed that when streptomycin is applied to leaves of coleus plants (1000 to 3600 micrograms per plant) the antibiotic or some by-product is translocated laterally and downward. The translocated material does not alter rhizosphere microorganisms quantitatively. Gram-negative rhizosphere bacteria, however , are suppressed through the 8th day after treatment.
Caring for the indigent patient: Resources to improve care

Numerous resources can be used to meet the needs of indigent persons with cancer. Most pharmaceutical companies have professional information hotlines and programs to help patients obtain medications when they are unable to pay for them. Most communities provide numerous informational and support services. In order to provide optimal patient care, oncology nurses must be able to make referrals to appropriate community agencies. Programs are also available that provide financial assistance and lodging.
Systemic and cardiovascular effects of airway injury and inflammation: ultrafine particle exposure in humans.

The concentration of particles in the ambient air is associated with deaths from cardiovascular disease, and determining the biologic mechanisms involved has been identified as a high-priority rese...
Experiments with resonant thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells

ABSTRACT We present measu red optical and electrical characteristics of guided -mode resonant hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin -film solar cells. Nano -pattern s with a 300 -nm period and a 50 -nm grating depth are fabricated on glass substrates, followed by the deposition of a transparent conducting oxide layer as a top contact . About 320 -nm thick p -i-n thin -film a-Si:H solar cell is deposi ted on indium -tin-oxide coated glass substrate , followed by the deposition of a bottom contact layer. Compared to a planar reference solar cell, ~40% integrated absorption enhancement is observed for the 450 ±750 -nm wavelength range. Short circuit current density of the nano -pattern ed solar cell is obtained as 14.1mA/cm 2 , which is ~50% improve ment over the reference planar cell. Keywords: G uided -mode resonance, leaky -mode resonance, quasi -guided modes, nano -pattern s, interferometric lithography 1. INTRODUCTION The potential for low -cost substrates and constituent materials renders thin -film photovoltaic technology a promising alternative to t he currently dominant wafer -based platforms. However, to obtain comparable performance from thin -film solar cells, efficient light trapping for enhanced light absorption is an inevitable requirement. A variety of nano -domain structures are being studied to improve the collection efficiency in a few hundred nanometers of absorbing layer in thin -film solar cells
The role of AV and VV optimization for CRT

Abstract Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an effective therapy for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a ventricular conduction delay; however, approximately 30% of patients do not experience significant clinical improvement with this treatment. Modern devices allow individualized programming of the AV delay and VV offset, which offer the possibility of improving clinical response rates with optimized programming. AV and VV delay optimization techniques have included echocardiography, device-based algorithms, and several other novel noninvasive techniques. While an acute improvement in hemodynamic function has been clearly demonstrated with optimized device settings, long-term clinical benefit is limited. In the majority of cases, an empiric AV delay with simultaneous biventricular or left ventricular pacing is adequate. The value of optimization of these intervals in “non-responders” still requires further investigation.
In vitro synthesis and processing of components of the Ascaris suum pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from Ascaris suum body wall muscle and translated in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Specific antisera and immunoglobulins against the alpha-pyruvate dehydrogenase and dihydrolipoyl transacetylase components of ascarid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were used to immunoprecipitate individual radiolabelled polypeptides from the in vitro translation mixtures. Both polypeptides appeared to be synthesized as preproteins about 1.5 and 8 kDa larger than the corresponding native proteins. Incubation of the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase preprotein with an ascarid high-speed mitochondrial supernatant fraction resulted in the formation of a polypeptide with apparent molecular weight intermediate in size between the preprotein and the native enzyme. This processing was insensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and leupeptin but was completely abolished by EDTA. These results suggest that in A.suum, as in other organisms, mitochondrial matrix proteins coded by the nuclear genome are synthesized as larger preproteins and processed by a specific, metal-dependent mitochondrial matrix protease.
Crop Performance in a Stockless Arable Organic Rotation in Eastern England

ABSTRACT In stockless organic crop rotations, the absence of livestock, manures and long-term grass/clover leys pose significant agronomic challenges. A study in eastern England, from 1990 to 2000, on a productive silty clay loam soil previously in an intensive non-organic arable rotation, assessed crop performance in a stockless arable organic rotation. Performance of fertility building crops was very variable; establishment was affected by a range of environmental and other factors. However, this was not clearly reflected in the performance of following arable crops illustrating the over-riding impact of environmental conditions on organic crop performance, particularly on a fertile soil. Over the first full crop rotation, mean yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (7.3 t ha−1), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) (4.1 t ha−1) and spring beans (Vicia faba) (3.6 t ha−1) were all above average for organic production in the U.K. Foliar disease levels in combinable crops were generally very low. Damage fr...
Part I—History and activities of the section of geophysics of the United States Geological Survey

Historical—From the beginning of time, all ingenuity of mankind has been concentrated upon the methods of finding gold and unusual deposits in the earth. An illustration (Fig. 1) from the old treatise by Agricola, “De Re Metallica,” published in 1580, will serve to show the implicit faith of that generation in divining methods. However, it was not until 1920 that real progress was made in prospecting by using the latest advances of the physical sciences. The public interest was stimulated by the successes of these methods on the part of commercial operators, and governmental agencies received many requests for information concerning their reliability. There were also, in the late 1920's, high-pressure mine-promotion schemes which used geophysical methods in a very questionable manner, symbolized in Figure 2 as of 1928 by an electrified forked stick. Authoritative information concerning such practices for public protection was needed to curb such notorious undertakings. Dr. Scott Turner, then Director of the United States Bureau of Mines, thoroughly understood the situation and was first in the governmental departments to recognize the possible value of a study of modern prospecting methods. The Bureau of Mines began this investigation by employing Drs. A. S. Eve and D. A. Keys of McGill University for short periods in the summer in 1927. Their first publication [see 1 of “References” at end of paper] served to illustrate the fundamental scientific principles which underlie geophysical prospecting. This was followed by a second publication [2] giving the results of field-tests. In the light of the rapid improvements during the intervening ten years, these two papers take a historical position.
Partnering to educate: Dedicated education units

A current focus of the healthcare industry is centered on addressing the nursing shortage. In the midst of a nursing faculty shortage the Institute of Medicine (2010) recently released a report that calls for increasing the number of baccalaureate prepared nurses to 80% of the workforce by 2020. Therefore, nursing schools are faced with graduating more nurses to meet the demand. Yet, admission to schools of nursing are often limited because of clinical placement sites. The Dedicated Education Unit (DEU) model has been recently introduced to address the challenge of increasing the enrollment of nursing students in spite of a nationwide shortage of nursing faculty. Dedicated Education Units are clinical sites in hospitals where staff nurses serve as preceptors for students in all levels of their nursing education. This model is designed to improve practice education to better prepare students for actual practice while decreasing the number of faculty required at clinical sites. The purpose of this article is to discuss the implications of this model for nursing education, our experience with the DEU model, and issues of deliberation.
Heterogeneous response of isolated adult rat heart cells to insulin.

Abstract 3- O -Methylglucose uptake by Ca 2+ -resistant adult rat heart cells in suspension was measured, free of artifactual inhibitor-insensitive uptake, and with an accuracy of ± 1.9% pellet water. (Ca 2+ -resistant cells are cells which retain their original rod-shaped morphology in the presence of physiological levels of Ca 2+ .) High levels of insulin (10 −6 , m ) stimulated the rate of 3- O -methylglucose uptake approximately 10-fold. In the presence of low levels of insulin (3 × 10 −11 , m , 10 −10 , m ) uptake was biphasic; it could not be described by a single exponential function within experimental error, but required the sum of two exponentials. Deviation from a single exponential function was not so great with high levels of insulin (10 −6 , m ) or no insulin. Cell sugar uptake was also investigated using autoradiography of cells which had accumulated [2- 14 C]deoxyglucose under similar conditions. This showed considerable heterogeneity of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by cells treated with low levels of insulin, but significantly less heterogeneity of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by cells treated with high levels of insulin. It is concluded that the deviation of 3- O -methylglucose uptake from a single exponential observed at low insulin levels can be accounted for in terms of a heterogeneous response of cells to insulin.
Inhibition by avidin of the ATP-Pi exchange activities associated with preparations of energy transfer factors A and A·D☆

Abstract Two water-soluble protein fractions were isolated from sonic extracts of beef heart mitochondria, which corresponded to the energy transfer factors A and A·D (ATP synthetase) described by Sanadi and coworkers. Both fractions augmented the activities of “urea” particles for ATP-Pi exchange and ATP-dependent DPN reduction by succinate. These activities were strongly inhibited by rutamycin. In the absence of added particles, both soluble fractions exhibited ATP-Pi exchange activities, which were not affected by rutamycin, but were strongly inhibited by avidin. The inhibitory effect of avidin was abolished when it was pretreated with biotin. The soluble fractions also exhibited avidin-sensitive propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activities, which were compatible with their ATP-Pi exchange activities.
Establishing joint goals through observation

When interacting with intelligent agents, it is vital to understand something of their intentions. Agents' intentions provide context in spoken deluge, help to define their future plans (and thus actions), and reveal information about their beliefs. We propose a method by which agents' intentions are inferred by observing their actions. Explicit communication among agents is not permitted. The joint intentions framework specifies the behaviors and obligations of agents that share in a cooperative intention. Our work focuses on the creation of such joint intentions through observation and plan recognition. The plan recognition structure uses Bayes nets to reason from observations to actions, and hidden Markov models to reason from sequences of actions to intent.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Analysis of internal structures of composite materials by second-order property of mosaic patterns

Properties of composite materials depend on their internal structures which in most cases are highly random. Therefore, high-order information is often required for quantitative characterization of morphological features in spatial distributions of the constituent phases. The present study develops a general expression for a second-order moment, that is, autocorrelation function R{sub x}(v), of multiphase heterogeneous composites. The obtained R{sub x}(v) depends on three types of parameters: volume fractions of the constituent phases, values of the phase function, and {pi} (the probability that two points with distance v are in the same basic cell). {pi} depends on the constitution of the basic cell, and thus the specific characteristics of the internal structure of the material. To determine completely the autocorrelation function, probability {pi} is derived based on a morphological model called mosaic patterns. Derivation of {pi} for two types of mosaic patterns indicates that {pi} [and thus R{sub x}(v)] has different formulations for different internal structures, although all of them depend on the same set of parameters: coarseness of microstructures, {lambda}, volume fraction of constituent phases, {phi}, and values of the chosen phase function. For a two-phase composite, with increasing {phi}{sub 1} (volume fraction of phase 1), the value of R{submore » x}(v) increases; while, with increasing {lambda}, the structure of the composite becomes more and more fine grained, and thus the correlation between two points with a fixed distance v becomes weaker. As an example of applications of the present result, the autocorrelation function is applied to predict the fluctuation of local volume fractions of two-phase composite materials.« less
FUNCTION OF CAROTENOIDS IN PROTECTION OF RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS AGAINST IRRADIATION FROM A GAS LASER

— The sensitivity of older cells of Rhodotorula glutinis containing a high concentration of carotenoids was compared with young cells containing little visible pigmentation. The younger cells died faster, suggesting that the carotenoids protected. Further, cells grown in the presence of diphenylamine, an inhibitor of carotenoid syntheses, were more susceptible than were normally grown cells. A carotenoidless mutant, isolated after exposure of the wild strain to u.v. light, was more susceptible to lethal photosensitization than the wild strain. The difference in sensitivity, however, was not as great as between old and young cultures of the wild strain. Young cultures of the white mutant were more susceptible to death than were older cultures, therefore, sensitivity is related to age as well as to carotenoid content. The difference in sensitivity was increased between the white mutant and the wild strain when lower light intensities were used. At 10 mW the difference in the lag period was 60 min, while at 30 mW the difference was only 10 min. The lag period was also dependent on the temperature at which cell suspensions were irradiated. At 3°C, no death occurred in 1 hr at 27 mW with either wild or mutant strains. The lag was progressively shorter with increased temperature. The rate of death, however, was apparently not affected by differences in temperature. An analysis of the carotenoids from the irradiated cells did not show any detectible changes even though it was demonstrated that β-carotene could be bleached when irradiated in vitro in the presence of toluidine blue.
Optimal Management of the Elderly Patient with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

With the growing elderly demographic and the peak incidence of bladder cancer being approximately 70 years old, an increasing number of elderly patients will develop invasive bladder cancer. Several studies suggest that a survival gap exists between elderly patients with invasive bladder cancer and younger cohorts. Radical cystectomy is the standard of care that provides good cancer-specific survival, but few elderly patients are referred for cystectomy. This is likely, at least in part, due to concern with the morbidity associated with the operation. Cisplatin is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat invasive bladder cancer but some patients cannot receive it due to toxicity. There are few promising alternatives to cisplatin at this time. This review discusses opportunities for improved care, recent therapeutic advances, and future directions to improve the outcome for elderly patients with invasive bladder cancer.
Liquid Scintillators. XIV. The Synthesis and Evaluation of Some trans-1, 2-Diarylethylenes as Liquid Scintillators. The Steric Effects of a Methyl Group

Abstract 2-Arylindenes (2),3-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene(3),3-aryl-l,2-dihydro-4-methylnaphthalenes (4), 2-aryl-6-phenylindenes (5), 2-aryl-3-methyl-6-phenylindenes (6), 2-aryl-3,4-dihydro-6-phenylnaphthalene (7), 2-aryl-3,4-dihydro-lmethyl-6-phenylnaphthalenes(8), 2-aryl-3H-benz[e]indenes (9), 3-aryl-1,2-dihydrophenanthrenes (10), and 3-aryl-l,2-dihydro-4-methylphenanthren (11) in which the substituent aryl group was phenyl (a), l-naphthyl (b), 2-naphthyl (c), or 4-biphenylyl (d) were synthesized and tested as liquid scintillator solutes in toluene at various concentrations. Fluorescence spectra in toluene and ultraviolet absorption spectra were also determined. It was found that the compounds having the ethylenic double bond in a five-membered ring were better scintillators at low concentrations than those having the ethylenic double bond in a six-membered ring; however, at increased concentration the six-membered ring systems surpassed the fivemembered ring systems in scintillation efficiency. In addit...
Neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediate the serotonergic stimulation of prolactin secretion via 5-HT1c/2 receptors

These studies examined the hypothalamic site and receptor subtype mediating the serotonergic (5-HT) control of PRL secretion in conscious male rats. Initially, we characterized the pharmacology of the 5-HT releaser and 5-HT agonists that increase PRL release. Subsequently, we performed lesion experiments to locate the 5-HT receptors involved in PRL secretion. p-Chloroamphetamine, a 5-HT releaser, is postulated to enter serotonergic nerve terminals through the 5-HT uptake mechanism, which can be inhibited by fluoxetine. p-Chloroamphetamine (8 mg/kg, ip) increased the plasma PRL concentration approximately 6-fold. The 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine almost completely prevented this increase, demonstrating that p-chloroamphetamine increases PRL release via a serotonergic mechanism. The 5-HT1C/5-HT2 agonist +(-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)2-aminopropane HCl (ip) produced a strong (30-fold) dose-dependent elevation of plasma PRL, which was virtually eliminated by 0.1 mg/kg (sc) ritanserin, a 5-HT1C/5-HT2 antagonist. +(-)-1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)2-aminopropane HCl injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) in doses below those that were peripherally effective also produced a significant (8-fold) increase in PRL secretion that was again attenuated by icv pretreatment with ritanserin (2 micrograms/kg). RU 24969 (5-methoxy-3-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl]1H-indole) was reported to act as both a 5-HT releaser and a direct postsynaptic 5-HT agonist. To test whether RU 24969 releases 5-HT to increase PRL secretion, we depleted 5-HT stores with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine. The ability of RU 24969 (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, ip) to elevate PRL secretion was not inhibited by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine, suggesting that RU 24969 stimulates PRL secretion only through activation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. To test whether RU 24969 acts centrally, it was injected either icv, through chronic icv cannulae, or peripherally (ip). RU 24969 injected icv significantly stimulated PRL secretion (11-fold) at doses 500-fold lower than the peripherally effective doses (10 micrograms/kg vs. 5 mg/kg), suggesting a role for central 5-HT receptors in the regulation of PRL secretion. In addition, rats pretreated with the 5-HT1C/5-HT2 antagonist LY53857 (icv) significantly inhibited the PRL response if RU 24969 was injected ip, but not icv. The results of these experiments suggest that 5-HT1C or 5-HT2 receptors in the brain participate in the serotonergic stimulation of PRL secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Globus security model for grid environment

Grid technology is increasingly being looked upon as a natural extension of the internet for engaging in complex data processing tasks over resources which are distributed across the world. Architects and developers employing grid systems must take into consideration security implications. Dynamic generation of virtual organizations leads to a synergistic picture which has to address security requirements never encountered before. Globus toolkit has devised a framework for making secure use of grid resource components which has been proved to be a feasible solution by a number of academic and scientific organizations. This paper is an attempt to identify and discern mechanisms proposed by Globus security model with certain test scenarios.
The demonstration of neurotrophic function by application of colchicine or vinblastine to the peripheral nerve.

Abstract Application of Silastic cuffs containing either colchicine or vinblastine to the sciatic nerves of rats produced electrophysiological signs of denervation (i.e., membrane depolarization, extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity, and tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials) without altering electrical activity along the nerve, spontaneous or evoked transmitter release, or the contractile activity of the muscles examined. Fibrillation potentials were conspicuously absent in all muscles. Eighty percent of all colchicine-treated rats did not show paresis of the hind limb, and only these animals were used in this study. In these rats after 5 to 7 days, 80% of the surface fibers in extensor muscles which were depolarized by 15 mV and which had extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity (mean of about 145 mV/nC) contracted in response to indirect stimulation. Prior hyperpolarization of the remaining muscle cells allowed action potential generation to occur. Similar results were obtained in the soleus muscle. The acetylcholine sensitivity observed in colchicine-treated and vinblastine-treated preparations exceeded that seen in tetrodotoxin-immobilized extensor and soleus muscles by about 10-fold and in pin-immobilized soleus muscles by 17-fold, but was about 20% of that in chronically denervated extensor and soleus muscles. The appearance of denervation-like responses in muscles whose nerves are exposed to colchicine or vinblastine is therefore not due to disuse or denervation but to an interruption of axonal flow and trophic influence.
Effect of Body Position and Oxygen Tension on Foramen Ovale Recruitment

While there is an increased prevalence of stroke at altitude in individuals who are considered to be low risk for thrombotic events, it is uncertain how venous thrombi reach the brain. The patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a recruitable intracardiac shunt between the right and left atrium. We aimed to determine whether body position and oxygen tension affect blood flow through the PFO in healthy adults. We hypothesized that hypoxia and body positions that promote right atrial filling would independently recruit the PFO. Subjects with a PFO (n = 11) performed 11 trials, combining four different fractions of inhaled oxygen (FiO₂) (1.0, 0.21, 0.15, and 0.10) and three positions (upright, supine, and 45° head down), with the exception of FiO₂ = 0.10, while 45° head down. After 5 min in each position, breathing the prescribed oxygen tension, saline bubbles were injected into an antecubital vein and a four-chamber echocardiogram was obtained to evaluate PFO recruitment. We observed a high incidence of PFO recruitment in all conditions, with increased recruitment in response to severe hypoxia and some contribution of body position at moderate levels of hypoxia. We suspect that increased pulmonary vascular pressure, secondary to hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, increased right atrial pressure enough to recruit the PFO. Additionally, we hypothesize that the minor increase in breathing resistance that was added by the mouthpiece, used during experimental trials, affected intrathoracic pressure and venous return sufficiently to recruit the PFO.
Characterization of internal surface reversed-phase silica supports for liquid chromatography

Internal surface reversed-phase (ISRP) supports synthesized from commercially available porous silica particles with a variety of nominal pore diameters and specific surface areas are characterized with regard to physical and chromatographic properties. Bonded phase coverage, pore size, capacity and efficiency measurements are made upon the various ISRP supports in order to evaluate the effect that the physical properties of silica have upon the chromatographic performance of ISRP packings. In addition, various models that describe the pore structure of silica supports are discussed.
THE STRUCTURES OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER IN THE VICINITY OF SEPARATION

Large coherent structures of turbulent boundary layer in the vicinity of separation were observed in a water channel by the hydrogen bubble method. Motion pictures of the de views were taken. The features of the instantaneous velocity profiles, the large transverse and streamwise vortices were discussed.
A survey of the Tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) feedback control design

The TFTR is an experimental Tokamak fusion reactor being built by Princeton's Plasma Physics Laboratory for the Department of Energy. Its primary function is to demonstrate that the power that can be produced in a Deuterium Tritium reaction will exceed the power required to sustain the reaction. This will be the first Tokamak device that uses Tritium and has a large enough power density to achieve a break even in energy production. To achieve the power density requires high temperatures which are achieved by causing the current in the plasma to very rapidly increase. The high currents cause heating by the atomic losses. This ohmic heating is not sufficient, however, to achieve the required temperatures. Thus a source of high energy neutral deuterium atoms is "injected" into the plasma to cause further heating. This neutral beam heating is further supplemented with a rapid motion of the plasma (on the order of 50 m/s) to cause compression and adiabatic heating. Each of these heating effects, combined with the problem of initiating a plasma at the start of the reaction, imposes severe control problems because plasma current, position, and temperature are interrelated quantitites. The Plasma Current and Plasma Position feedback control were developed using linear optimal control theory. This paper surveys the results that guarantee when the control system is implemented on the actual machine, the control will be satisfactory. To this end, simulation and design models with eddy currents, plasma current diffusion, and plasma heating have been developed. The resulting control designs are shown to be very insensitive to modeling uncertainties.
eCitizenship in the 21st century university: a planning and implementation workshop

At Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU), we have spent the past two years planning and implementing electronic citizenship, called from here on, "eCitizenship" initiatives on our campus. After an initial start fizzled out that tried a large, independent initiative, we have re-planned and re-started multiple inter-dependent and embedded citizenship activities, which in the sum are in alignment with our polytechnic nature and also more successful than the single, large, independent initiative could have been. In this 90 minute workshop we will describe and explain what worked and what did not work for us, prescribe and recommend methods, tools and actions for effective eCitizenship on participants' campuses, and provide a toolkit with IT tool recommendations, templates, checklists and resources for participants to take back to their home campuses.
Vision in tree shrews (Tupia glis) after removal of striate cortex

Three tree shrews (Tupaia glis) were trained to discriminate between horizontal and vertical stripes, and upright and inverted triangles. The striate cortex of both hemispheres was then ablated. All animals relearned the habits based on the discrimination of visual patterns. Histological study of the thalamus revealed a complete degeneration of the lateral geniculate bodies. On the basis of these findings and on the basis of the unlearned behavior of the operated animals in both familiar and unfamiliar circumstances it is concluded that pattern and object vision do not depend on the geniculostriate system in this particular species.
THE SILICON DIODE AS AN IN VIVO DOSIMETER FOR FAST NEUTRONS

Abstract Specially constructed wide-based silicon diodes are studied for use as in vivo dosimeters for fast neutrons. A logarithmic relationship between dose and diode voltage is proposed and experimentally verified. Calibration factors are measured for two neutron energies. Depth doses are measured with the silicon diodes and compared to depth doses measured with an ionization chamber. The accuracy of diode measurements and the effects of temperature on the measurements is examined. Corrections are introduced to compensate for self-annealing which occurs between diode irradiation and read-out and for temperature effects at the time of read-out. These corrections plus proper selection of diodes for uniformity of neutron sensitivity can give measurement accuracy of better than 5%. Tests on animals and humans demonstrate the practicability and usefulness of the silicon diode dosimeters. Applications involving regions of tissue inhomogeneity and sloping surfaces are discussed.
Electronic absoprtion and MCD spectra for the Pt(PPh3) (AuPPh3)62+ and Pt(H) (PPh3) (AuPPh3)7staggered2+ cluster complexes

Abstract Electronic absorption and 7.0 tesla magnetic dichroism (MCD) spectra are reported for acetonitrile solutions of [Pt(PPh3)(AuPPh3)6] (NO3)2 and [Pt(H)(PPh3) (AuPPh3)7] (NO3)2 at room temperature in the range of 1.8 to 3.7 μ 1 ( 1 μ m 1 = 10 4 cm 1 ). The spectra are assigned to intraframework (IF) transitions from an Au based HOMO to empty Au framework orbitals. In addition evidence is presented for Pt(5d)→Au transitions for Pt(PPh3)(AuPPh3)62+ from intense low energy MCD features.
Dynamics of 17α‐Ethynylestradiol exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Absorption, tissue distribution, and hepatic gene expression pattern

17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen identified in sewage effluents. To understand better the absorption kinetics of EE2 and the induction of vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA, we subjected male rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) to continuous water exposures of 125 ng/L of EE2 for up to 61 d. Trout were either repetitively sampled for blood plasma or serially killed at selected time intervals. Vitellogenin, ERα mRNA, and EE2 were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. In separate experiments, trout were exposed to EE2 for 7 d, and hepatic gene expression was assessed using a low- and high-density cDNA microarray. The EE2 was rapidly absorbed by the trout, with an apparent equilibrium at 16 h in plasma and liver. The ERα mRNA levels also increased rapidly, reaching near-peak levels by 48 h. In contrast, plasma levels of VTG continuously increased for 19 d. After 61 d, tissues with the highest levels of VTG were the liver, kidney, and testes. Microarray-based gene expression studies provided unexpected results. In some cases, known estrogen-responsive genes (e.g., ERα) were unresponsive, whereas many of the genes that have no apparent link to estrogen function or EE2 toxicity were significantly altered in expression. Of the two microarray approaches tested in the present study, the high-density array appeared to be superior because of the improved quality of the hybridization signal and the robustness of the response in terms of the number of genes identified as being EE2 responsive.
Hemorrhage requiring surgical intervention among children on pulsatile ventricular assist device support

Bleeding complications are a source of morbidity after Berlin EXCOR VAD implantation yet remain poorly characterized. We evaluated our experience to describe the bleeding complications among pediatric VAD recipients. We hypothesized that those with bleeding requiring exploration had abnormal coagulation profile compared with those without bleeding. The retrospective study included 43 consecutive patients with end-stage heart failure supported on pediatric mechanical cardiac support as a bridge to transplantation. Day-/event-based analysis on factors below associated with (i) bleeding and (ii) bleeding in next 48 h. Cases with bleeding were compared with day-matched patients without bleeding complications. Among 43 subjects bleeding occurred in 47% of cases, which necessitated exploration or chest tube placement. Twenty of 34 interventions for bleeding occurred in the first seven post-operative days. No differences in coagulation parameters or use of antiplatelet agents were noted among those who had bleeding vs. those who did not. Our results indicate that (i) re-bleeding requiring re-exploration was common, (ii) most of the bleeding occurred early post-implantation, (iii) there were no differences in coagulation parameters or the use of antiplatelet agents within 48 h of bleeding compared with those who did not bleed on each successive post-operative day.
Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is associated with a marked reduction in serum homocysteine and folate levels in the early postoperative period

Objective: It has been suggested that cardiac surgery-related ischemia-reperfusion injury to the myocardium is caused by the oxidative stress, derived from the formation of reactive oxygen species in the early phases of the reperfusion. The availability of cysteine, mostly deriving from homocysteine (Hcy) via the trans-sulfuration pathway, is determinant for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which in turn acts as a first line of defence against oxidative stress. Indeed, an increased consumption of Hcy in response to oxidative stress has been described. Previous research has shown that Hcy levels increase during the first weeks or months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study was designed to evaluate the Hcy metabolism in CABG patients during the early postoperative period. Methods: Serum Hcy and folate were measured by an automatic immunometric system on blood samples obtained from 48 (mean age 67 ^ 10 years) consecutive patients undergoing CABG, preoperatively and at 0, 12, 48, and 120 h after surgery. A subgroup of 22 of these patients was also studied 6 months postoperatively. Results: A significant decrement of Hcy and folate was observed throughout the study ðP , 0:0001Þ from 17.3 ^ 9.3 to 8.5 ^ 5.6 mmol/l at 12 h postoperatively for Hcy, and from 5.1 ^ 2.8 to 2.5 ^ 1.5 ng/ml at 48 h for folate. The reduction of Hcy and folate levels remained significant after correction for haemodilution (as assessed by measurement of plasma proteins). Furthermore, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass significantly interacted with the time of sampling in affecting the Hcy levels. Hcy levels returned to near-baseline values 48 h postoperatively, and were similar to base-line at follow-up. Conclusion: Our study indicates that serum Hcy and folate levels are markedly reduced during the early postoperative period after CABG. This reduction is at least in part independent of haemodilution, and may be caused by an altered Hcy turnover, due to an increased consumption of GSH during and soon after CABG. q 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Detecting separable states via semidefinite programs

We introduce a technique to detect separable states using semidefinite programs. This approach provides a sufficient condition for separability of a state that is based on the existence of a certain local linear map applied to a known separable state. When a state is shown to be separable, a proof of this fact is provided in the form of an explicit convex decomposition of the state in terms of product states. All states in the interior of the set of separable states can be detected in this way, except maybe for a set of measure zero. Even though this technique is more suited for a numerical approach, an analytical criterion for separability can also be derived.
Bang for Development Bucks

Calculating the precise amount of health care spending to derive the maximum benefits is tricky—and the implications are paramount. Spend too little, and the death rate among children and economically active adults is unacceptably high. Spend more than the amount necessary to achieve a maximal
A Requirements-based Comparison of Privacy Taxonomies

Understanding the nature of privacy regulation is a challenge that requirements engineers face when building software systems in financial, healthcare, government, or other sensitive industries. Requirements engineers have begun to model privacy requirements based on taxonomic classifications of privacy. Independently, legal research has modeled privacy harms in a taxonomic fashion. In this paper, we compare a requirements engineering taxonomy of privacy protections and vulnerabilities to a legal taxonomy of privacy harms. We seek to determine the extent to which the concepts and terminology are consistent between the two taxonomies. A consistent, standard vocabulary for privacy concepts for both requirements engineers and lawyers will improve the common understanding of privacy concepts, legal traceability and compliance auditing. We conclude that the taxonomies we analyzed are reasonably compatible. We believe this compatibility indicates that a taxonomic understanding of privacy is a promising area of research for requirements engineers.
East Aurora Fire Department

Case study enabling a contrast between traditional PERT analysis and broader spreadsheet simulation. Teaching notes and spreadsheet models available from author.
RECOVERY OF VIBRIO METSCHNIKOVII FROM MARKET SEAFOOD

Vibrio metschnikovii, a potentially pathogenic marine bacterium, was recovered from a wide variety of finfish and shellfish purchased at fish markets and supermarkets. Because limited information is available on the occurrence of this organism in food products and human disease, the observations may be relevant to public health considerations of seafood consumption.
Cavitation-Erosion Resistance of Thick-Film Thermally Sprayed Niti

Thermal spray technologies provide a method for depositing high temperature intermetallics. Deposits of Shape Memory Effect NiTi were produced by Electric-Arc Spraying (EAS) of NiTi wire, Vacuum Plasma Spraying (VPS) of NiTi powder, and codeposition of Ni and Ti using VPS. NiTi deposits displayed shape memory effect properties, which are highly sensitive to processing conditions. They were found to also exhibit superior cavitation-erosion resistance. Under identical cavitation erosion conditions, weight losses of 0.41, 1.65 amd 7.71 mg were found VPS, arc-sprayed and blended Ni-Ti deposits respectively. Minimal amounts of NiTi was formed from co-spraying both Ni and Ti powders onto steel substrates.