cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Quality of the Drug Abuse Warning Network

The purpose of this article was to assess the quality of data collected by the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), which reports drug abuse emergency department visits. The results of quality assurance studies at 36 sites were reviewed and interpreted. Data collection procedures are not consistent among hospitals and, along with personnel, regularly change within a hospital. Trained investigators reabstracted DAWN report forms at 24 sites and determined that only 57.4% of the cases that met DAWN case definition criteria had been reported; one of five cases had been reported at one site. The technique used in 11 (47.8%) of 23 hospitals to screen for potential DAWN cases detected only 36% of the cases found when all medical charts are examined. The investigators found discrepancies between reported and actual cases in 81.3% of the report forms reabstracted, with an average of 2.3 errors per form. Information as to the drug(s) involved was incorrect in 36.3% of the forms. Due to underreporting of drug abuse e...
Laboratory Culture of the Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa, in Florida

Larvae of Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were reared in Florida on the artificial larval diet developed for the Mexican fruit fly, A. ludens (Loew). Adults reproduced adequately when they were fed sugar, orange juice crystals, a hydrolyzed yeast protein, and water. At 27°C, duration of the stages in the life cycle of the fly was determined to be: egg 3 days; larva 8 days; pupa 12 days. Three generations of the fly were reared successfully.
The NBS 14 MeV Absolute Neutron Beam Facility

A 14 MeV absolute neutron beam has been established at the NBS 3 MV positive-ion Van de Graaff Accelerator Laboratory. The T(d,n)? reaction is used for the production of the 14.1 MeV neutron flux with a source strength of 108 n/sec. The neutron flux is absolutely determined by the measurement of the associated alpha particle rate in a silicon surface barrier detector positioned at 84 degrees with respect to the beam axis. The facility may be used to measure the absolute response of active neutron monitoring devices with high accuracy. The neutron background contributions may be eliminated in the calibration measurements by utilizing the coincidence between the device and the solid state alpha detector. This method allows a neutron flux in a cone of 2 degree half angle to be placed at 90 degrees with respect to the beam axis.
Variable Production of Tetraploid and Hexaploid Progeny Lines from Spring Wheat by Durum Wheat Crosses

Hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) and tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) are both widely grown in the Great Plains of North America. Transfer of genes between classes may be beneficial to improvement efforts. However, ploidy level differences lead to variable degrees of sterility in crosses between the two classes. Our aim was to quantify variation among a set of spring wheat genotypes for production of viable euploid progeny after crosses with durum wheat. Hexaploid spring wheat parents varied for their ability to produce viable F 5 progeny, with attrition occurring at all stages of the inbreeding process. Polymerase chain reaction primers specific for the seven D chromosomes indicated that most lines derived from spring wheat by durum wheat crosses were euploid, with a preponderance of tetraploid progeny lines for most parents. Our results showed variability among hexaploid genotypes for their ability to produce viable progeny and suggested that 'Choteau' hard red spring wheat may be a good bridge variety for interploidy crosses.
The Regulation of Permeability Barrier Homeostasis

Disruption of the permeability barrier stimulates a repair response that leads to the restoration of barrier function. Previous studies demonstrated that changes in ions, particularly calcium, and cytokines are positive signals, whereas serine protease activation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 is a negative signal regulating barrier recovery. Ikeyama and colleagues provide data that the nitric oxide signaling pathway also regulates barrier homeostasis.
Understanding the complete blood count with differential

The complete blood count (CBC) with differential is one of the most common laboratory tests performed today. It gives information about the production of all blood cells and identifies the patient's oxygen-carrying capacity through the evaluation of red blood cell (RBC) indices, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. It also provides information about the immune system through the evaluation of the white blood cell (WBC) count with differential. These tests are helpful in diagnosing anemia, certain cancers, infection, acute hemorrhagic states, allergies, and immunodeficiencies as well as monitoring for side effects of certain drugs that cause blood dyscrasias. Nurses in the perianesthesia arena are frequently challenged to obtain and evaluate all or parts of the CBC as a part of the patient's preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative assessments. An enhanced understanding of this laboratory test is essential to providing quality care.
Acceptor ion-implantation in SiC

Abstract Single and multiple energy Al, B and Ga ion-implantations were performed into n -type 6H–SiC epitaxial layers. Empirical formulae for the range statistics of the implant depth distributions in the energy range 50 keV–4 MeV were developed by analyzing the experimental secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) implant depth profiles. The Al and Ga implants were electrically activated at an annealing temperature of 1500°C, but the B implants required an annealing temperature of 1650°C. In this study annealings were performed by using AlN or graphite encapsulant. The Al and Ga implants are thermally stable but the B implants showed redistribution during annealing.
Serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the tunica vaginalis of the testis with metastasis

Testicular or paratesticular neoplasms that resemble the common epithelial type of ovarian tumor are quite rare. The authors report the case of a 29-year-old man with a metastatic serous papillary adenocarcinoma arising from the tunica vaginalis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a serous carcinoma of the tunica vaginalis behaving in a malignant fashion. The fact that clinically apparent metastatic disease occurred 4 years after initial presentation suggests that development of metastases is a late event. Unfortunately, the tumor has been refractory to therapy with chemotherapeutic agents with activity against ovarian malignancies.
Infra-red Spectra of Deuterated Gelatin Sols

THE infra-red spectra of collagen and gelatin fibres and of hot- and cold-cast gelatin films have been reported by a number of investigators1–9. No data are evidently available, however, on either collagen or gelatin sols. It was of interest, therefore, in connexion with present work in this laboratory on the physical-chemical properties of ageing connective tissues10 to determine whether or not such spectra could be obtained, especially during the course of the well-known gelatin sol-gel transition.
Group III/IV muscle afferents impair limb blood in patients with chronic heart failure

article Objective: To better understand the hemodynamic and autonomic reflex abnormalities in heart-failure patients (HF), we investigated the influence of group III/IV muscle afferents on their cardiovascular response to rhythmic exercise. Methods:Nine HF-patients (NYHA class-II, mean left ventricular ejection-fraction: 27 ± 3%) performed single leg knee-extensorexercise(25/50/80% peak-workload) undercontrol conditions and with lumbar intrathecal fenta- nyl impairing μ-opioid receptor-sensitive muscle afferents. Results: Cardiac-output (Q) and femoral blood-flow (QL) were determined, and arterial/venous blood samples collected at each workload. Exercise-induced fatigue was estimated via pre/post-exercise changes in quadriceps strength. There were no hemodynamic differences between conditions at rest. During exercise, Q was 8-13%
Thyroid iodine metabolism following partial thyroidectomy in the rat.

Compensatory thyroid hypertrophy, and thyroid iodine metabolism havebeen studied following hemi- and three-quarter thyroidectomy in the rat. Animals have been studied at different time intervals and at two environmental temperatures, 21° and 26° C. The increase in thyroid remnant weight which follows partial thyroidectomy is accompanied by an increase in iodide-trapping ability (thyroid/scrum ratio), and a more rapid turnover of iodine in the thyroid gland. These changes appear to be a good measure of activation of the thyroid remnant after partial thyroidectomy. DURING the course of a study of hypothalamic influences on the pituitary-thyroid axis it became necessary to standardize techniques in the rat for the measurement of the pituitary thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) response to lowered blood thyroid hormone levels. The classical method for studying this response is the demonstration of regeneration of the thyroid gland after partial thyroidectomy. In the following experiments, this method has been further...
Aspirin and Cataracts

The possible role of aspirin in slowing cataract formation has been discussed both in the lay press l and in trade publications widely distributed to ophthalmologists. 2 Existing data are interpreted as "sufficient to justify aspirin therapy" in patients with early signs of senile cataract. 2 Unfortunately, publications in the scientific literature to support such an interpretation are few and quite preliminary. Those bearing directly on the negative association of aspirin use and senile cataracts consist of an abstract of a poster session,3 a brief discussion of a paper on diabetes and cataract formation,4 and a short paper on the finding of fewer than expected arthritics among patients admitted for cataract surgery. 5 Support for the hypothesis is also drawn from (1) a letterfi reporting that plasma tryptophan is increased in patients with senile cataract as compared to a small sample of patients with clear lenses, and (2) the observation that plasma tryptophan is lowered by acetyl salicylic acid. 7 In our opinion, there is some danger that aspirin will be widely recommended to patients with early lens changes, before a scientific basis has been established. To assist in the evaluation of the aspirin-cataract hypothesis, we have examined data from the Framingham Eye Study. 8 That study provides data on senile lens opacities that can be cross-tabulated with data on daily aspirin use previously obtained through the protocol of the Framingham Heart Study. 9 The protocol for the Eye Study called for the 2675 examinees in the age range 52-85 years to have their eyes dilated and examined with a slit lamp. Senile lens changes can be classified as precataractous (vacuoles, waterclefts, spokes, or lamellar separations) or cataractous (nuclear sclerosis, cortical cuneiform opacity, posterior subcapsular opacity, or other late senile opacity). Aphakic eyes with a history of senile cataract were placed in the latter category. Persons were classified by the eye with the more advanced change. Each had
A genetic map of bovine chromosome 7 with an interspecific hybrid backcross panel.

A genetic linkage map of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 7 was generated with a Bos taurus × Bos gaurus interspecific hybrid backcross panel. This study included six previously mapped microsatellites and five unmapped expressed genes that were identified by PCR-based restriction fragment length variants (RFLVs). The gene order (from centromere to telomere) and the map distances (in centimorgans) are as follows: cen-BM2607-11.2-LDLR-3.6-AMH, CSF2-11.2-BP41-19-BM6117-19-SPARC-14.4-FGFA-15.5-BM 1853-11.2-RASA-18.8-ILSTS006. Previous comparative synteny mapping demonstrated that bovine Chr 7 shares homologous regions with both HSA5q and HSA19p. A break or fusion between AMH and CSF2 in an ancestral chromosome is suggested to account for the current arrangement of these homologous segments in the human and bovine genomes. In this study, we demonstrate that a short proximal portion of BTA7 is homologous with HSA19p, while a larger distal portion of BTA7 is homologous with human Chr 5q. The orientation of these conserved human segments on BTA7 is also demonstrated. Our data show that the linear order of genes has not been conserved within the homologous region of HSA5 and BTA7, and one chromosomal translocation or inversion is proposed to account for this difference.
A small protein-protein interaction domain common to KlcB and global regulators KorA and TrbA of promiscuous IncP plasmids.

Abstract The kor regulon of broad host-range, incompatibility group P (IncP) plasmids uses the KorA, KorB, and KorC repressors to regulate expression of genes for replication, conjugation, segregation, and host range. One operon, kilC, encodes the KorC repressor and two genes of unknown function (klcA and klcB). The predicted sequences of the 51.1 kDa KlcB protein, the 11.3 kDa KorA repressor, and another small (13.5 kDa) regulatory protein, TrbA, show a highly related 35 amino acid residue segment (V-L-P domain). We found that induction of the klcB gene is toxic to Escherichia coli host cells harboring an IncP plasmid. We confirmed a model in which the V-L-P domain of KlcB interacts directly with the V-L-P domain of KorA to derepress KorA-regulated operons, thereby allowing expression of toxic genes. First, a lacZ reporter fused to the kleA promoter, which is regulated by KorA and KorC, revealed that klcB induction specifically releases KorA-repression but has no effect on KorC repression. Second, induced expression of the V-L-P domains from KorA or KlcB is sufficient to release KorA-repression at the kleA promoter. Third, purified GST-KlcB fusion protein interacts specifically with His-tagged KorA. Fourth, fusion of the V-L-P domains of KorA and TrbA and full-length KlcB polypeptide to the DNA-binding domain of bacteriophage λ repressor leads to the formation of functional, dimeric repressors, and mutations that alter conserved residues of the V-L-P domain adversely affect dimerization. Fifth, crosslinking experiments demonstrated that the V-L-P domain of KorA is able to dimerize in solution and form heterodimers in mixtures with full-length KorA polypeptide. These findings show that the V-L-P domain is a protein-protein interaction module that is likely to be responsible for dimerization of KorA and TrbA, and important for KlcB dimerization. We speculate on the possible significance of KlcB-KorA heterodimers in IncP plasmid maintenance.
Automatic Associations and Panic Disorder: Trajectories of Change over the Course of Treatment.

Cognitive models of anxiety and panic suggest that symptom reduction during treatment should be preceded by changes in cognitive processing, including modifying the anxious schema. The current study tests these hypotheses by using a repeated measures design to evaluate whether the trajectory of change in automatic panic associations over the course of 12-week cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is related to the trajectory of change in panic symptoms. Individuals with panic disorder (N=43) completed a measure of automatic panic associations (the Implicit Association Test, which reflects elements of the schema construct) every three weeks over the course of therapy, and measures of panic symptoms each week. Dynamic bivariate latent difference score modeling indicated that automatic panic associations not only changed over the course of CBT for panic disorder, but showed these changes were correlated with symptom reduction. Moreover, change in automatic panic associations was a significant predictor of change in panic symptom severity. These findings permit inferences about the temporality of change, suggesting that cognitive change does in fact precede and contribute to symptom change.
Mitral valve repair without cardiopulmonary bypass or atriotomy using the coapsys device: device design and implantation procedure in canine functional mitral regurgitation model.

Background : Myocor developed a unique system, the Coapsys annuloplasty system, to treat functional mitral regurgitation (MR) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study was conducted to test the feasibility of the Coapsys implantation procedure in a canine functional MR model. Methods : Functional MR with heart failure was induced in 9 dogs by rapid ventricular pacing (230 beats/min for 30 ± 4 days). The Coapsys device, which consists of anterior and posterior epicardial pads connected by a subvalvular chord, was then surgically implanted. Under epicardial echocardiographic guidance, we placed the Coapsys device across the left ventricular chamber using the delivery instrument and needle assembly. We sized the Coapsys device by drawing the posterior leaflet and annulus toward the anterior leaflet with the sizing instrument. Final device size was selected when MR was minimized or eliminated as assessed by 2-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography. Results : In all cases, we successfully implanted the Coapsys device without CPB or atriotomy. MR was reduced an average of 2 grades. No adverse events, such as hemodynamic compromise or structural valve damage, were noted. Conclusion : Coapsys device implantation was feasible and safe on a beating canine heart. All accessory tools used for device implantation were found useful.
A Genetically Encoded Direct Sensor of Antibody–Antigen Interactions

To overcome the limitations imposed by the genetic code on the engineering of proteins with new or enhanced physical, chemical, or biological properties, we developed a general method for the site specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins directly in living cells.[1] An orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair (one that does not crossreact with host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases) is evolved to deliver a specific non-natural amino acid into a protein in response to a nonsense or frameshift codon. To date, we have selectively incorporated over 40 unnatural amino acids into a diverse set of proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms using this methodology.[2]
Opacification of Shape Memory Polymer Foam Designed for Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms

Shape memory polymer (SMP) foam possesses structural and mechanical characteristics that make them very promising as an alternative treatment for intracranial aneurysms. Our SMP foams have low densities, with porosities as high as 98.8%; favorable for catheter delivery and aneurysm filling, but unfavorable for attenuating X-rays. This lack of contrast impedes the progression of this material becoming a viable medical device. This paper reports on increasing radio-opacity by incorporating a high-Z element, tungsten particulate filler to attenuate X-rays, while conserving similar physical properties of the original non-opacified SMP foams. The minimal amount of tungsten for visibility was determined and subsequently incorporated into SMP foams, which were then fabricated into samples of increasing thicknesses. These samples were imaged through a pig’s skull to demonstrate radio-opacity in situ. Quantification of the increase in image contrast was performed via image processing methods and standard curves were made for varying concentrations of tungsten doped solid and foam SMP. 4% by volume loading of tungsten incorporated into our SMP foams has proven to be an effective method for improving radio-opacity of this material while maintaining the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the original formulation.
Early growth of planted yellow and paper birch and European birches in Vermont

Twelve native yellow birch (Betula alleghanensis Britt.) and paper birch (B. papyrifera Marsh.) sources and 9 European white birch (B. pendula Roth.) sources were planted on three sites in Vermont. Significant differences in growth were found among sources within two of the sites, and differences between sites were significant. Birch from Latvia appeard to be the best source on favorable sites attaining a total height of 5.18m, a total 6-year height increment of 4.29 m, and good stem form. Birches from Finland also showed good growth potential. Six yellow birch seed sources grew well on the best site and yellow birch ranks best there as a species group. European white birches do best as a group on the poor site. Silver birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) from Scotland grew poorest of the European birches.
Disputers of the Tao : Putnam and Chuang-Tzu on meaning, truth, and reality

Soulignant le rejet de la dispute apportee par les Sophistes du IV e siecle av JC par les representants du taoisme, l'A. etudie le role du perspectivisme de Tchouang-tseu dans son entreprise de recontextualisation de la verite, de la connaissance et de la realite. Comparant l'idee d'une forme mystique de connaissance chez Tchouang-tseu au realisme a visage humain defendu par H. Putnam, l'A. montre que la confrontation de la pensee Tchouang-tseu avec le realisme interne contemporain implique la formulation d'un paradigme epistemique mystique dans le contexte toiste
Etiological attributions, responsibility attributions, and marital adjustment in erectile dysfunction patients.

Abstract The relationships between responsibility attributions, etiologcal attributions (psychogenically versus biogenically caused), and marital adjustment were explored in 30 erectile dysfunction patients and their partners via the Attributions Regarding Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Exploration of responsibility attributions yielded a consistent pattern of blaming the identzfied patient. This pattern is discussed in terms of two perspectives in attributional theory: the “self-serving bias” and the “just world” hypothesis. Etiolopcal attributions were not relevant to actual diagnosis, marital adjustment, choice of treatment professional, or expectations f o r treatment outcome. Partner agreement regarding etiology was not related to actual cause or marital adjustment.
A managed security environment for enterprise iPhones

Due to the increasing use of smartphones, enterprise entities are beginning to need tools to ensure their data information security. However, very few tools have been developed to support this growing need. In this work, we demonstrate an understanding of Virtual Private Network servers, packet sniffing, and logging technologies, all of which embody many principles of smartphone managed network security. Our technique of establishing a VPN server as a middleman while using advanced packet sniffing technology is a stepping stone for a possible option that would empower a network or security administrator to better determine if their organization's information assurance policies are being violated.
Fundamental physics. Newton rules (for now).

Three hundred years after Newton explained the falling of an apple and the motion of the planets, physicists are beginning to test his universal law of gravity down to micrometre distances — with interesting results.
Protoplast induction in Chlorella vulgaris

Abstract Cells of the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris formed osmotically fragile protoplasts when incubated for 4–6 h in a defined medium plus 0.4 M mannitol plus 0.5% Cellulysin. The protoplasts were extruded through breaks in the cell wall and not by dissolution of the wall. Protoplasts kept in the inducing medium remained bright green for several days and tended to adhere into chains, rings or clusters. Budding of protoplasts was also observed.
On the unimodality of multivariate symmetric distribution functions of class L

Abstract A theorem is proved that characterizes multivariate distribution functions of class L . This theorem is used to show that every n -dimensional, symmetric distribution function of class L is unimodal in the sense of Kanter.
Mechanical properties of nitrogen ion-implanted Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Abstract Surface topography, composition, implantation profiles and mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy after implantation with high-energy nitrogen ions and with fluxes between 10 16 and 10 18 ions cm -2 have been studied by a variety of analytical techniques (Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and laser scanning focus microscopy). Friction and wear of the samples were tested in a pin-on-disc machine. The nitrogen depth profiles before the wear test were in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Significant and persistent beneficial effects of nitrogen ion implantation on composition and mechanical properties are reported. The effects are attributed to changes of surface topography and microstructure. The results show that the implantation process is effective in reducing friction and wear.
Dissolved loads and water quality

The IAHS Symposium on Dissolved Loads of Rivers and Surface Water Quantity/Quality Relationships took place in Hamburg, West Germany, August 16–18, 1983, as part of the IUGG 18th General Assembly. Coconvenors, B. W. Webb of the University of Exeter, UK, and R. A. Gras of Electricity de France, delineated 3 topics: “Spatial and Temporal Variations in Dissolved Loads and Solute Concentrations,” “Solute Sources, Budgets, and Denudation,” and “Applications of Surface Water Quantity/Quality Relationships”. From the range of field investigations discussed, it was apparent that different perspectives on the symposium title were being affected by scale and academic ideals. That is, intense and detailed studies on smaller watersheds were advocating study approaches radically different from those interested in macroscale (basinwide or global) analyses. The former become imbedded in assessing chemical processes and in formulating causal relationships for observed data. The latter tend to rely on empirical data-analysis techniques.
Biotyping of coagulase-negative staphylococci: 108 Isolates from nosocomial bloodstream infections

Using simple, readily available typing methods, we evaluated 108 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci that were causally related to bloodstream infections: 95% (103 of 108) of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis and were divided into 18 biotypes by API Staph-Trac. A single biotype (biotype A, 6606113) accounted for greater than 50% of the isolates of S. epidermidis. Biotype A was further divided into seven subtypes by slime production and synergistic hemolysis; however, 66% of the isolates in biotype A remained in two major subtypes, 1a (strongly slime-positive and synergistic hemolysis-positive) and 2a (strongly slime-positive and synergistic hemolysis-negative). The addition of the antibiotype further separated the isolates into individual strains or into small groups of organisms. A significant correlation was noted between synergistic hemolysis and the three most resistant antibiotypes (p = 4.2 X 10(-5); OR = 5.8; CI95, 2.2-15.2). Each biotype, subtype, and antibiotype was further divided into multiple unique strains by plasmid pattern analysis. In most clinical situations the combination of API Staph-Trac, antibiotic profile, slime production, and synergistic hemolysis provides adequate strain discrimination. Plasmid pattern analysis adds important information in specific clinical situations and may be invaluable for epidemiologic investigations.
CNAV ‐ helping Gettysburg College get the information it needs

Gettysburg College in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, has created a software package to help students, faculty and staff get the campus information they need. The College Navigation (CNAV) project tailors what the individual sees and has access to based on the individual’s role on campus. The system is secure and information available can be controlled by the appropriate people. Students can access information on other students, courses, events, faculty and much more. Faculty can also access student information, and can see and monitor advisees’ academic data. Web pages can be linked to CNAV so that additional descriptions and other pertinent information can be made available. CNAV comprises an Oracle database, a modified search engine and cgi scripts.0
Characterization and mechanism of formation of tandem lesions in DNA by a nucleobase peroxyl radical.

5,6-Dihydro-2‘-deoxyuridin-6-yl (1) was independently generated via photolysis of 3. The radical is an analogue of the major reactive species produced from thymidine upon reaction with hydroxyl radical, which is the dominant DNA-damaging agent produced by the indirect effect of γ-radiolysis. Under aerobic conditions, the peroxyl radical (2) derived from 1 reacts ∼82% of the time with either the 5‘- or 3‘-adjacent nucleotide to produce two contiguously damaged nucleotides, known as tandem lesions. The structures and distribution of tandem lesions were investigated using probes that selectively detect abasic sites, ESI-MS/MS, and competition kinetics. In addition to 2-deoxyribonolactone, nonoxidized abasic sites were detected. 18O-Labeling verified that H2O was the source of oxygen in the abasic sites, but that O2 was the source of the oxygen in the 5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2‘-deoxyuridine derived from 2. ESI-MS/MS experiments, in conjunction with isotopic labeling, identified several products and provided dir...
On the phenomenological rate equation in a model exchange reaction

Abstract The limits of validity of the phenomenological rate equation, and the phenomenological rate constant kf and kb are found for the exchange reaction A + BC AB + C within the framework of simple multistate models. The possibility of macroscopically long transient times is discussed. The rate constants are shown to depend on the total densities nA, nB and nC of the chemical species present in the mixture, when nonequilibrium effects are important. The distinction between a rate constant and a flux coefficient is illustrated. Differences among exchange, dissociation-recombination, and isomerization reactions in that regard are discussed.
Tissue specific expression of p422 protein, a putative lipid carrier, in mouse adipocytes.

Abstract The differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes leads to the expression of a new protein, p422, and its mRNA. This protein has 70% and 20–30% amino acid sequence homology to myelin P2 and the fatty acid binding proteins of liver and intestine, respectively. Investigation of the distribution in mouse tissues of p422 protein by immunoblotting and of p422 mRNA by cDNA hybridization indicates that they are expressed only in adipose tissue. Liver and intestinal fatty acid binding protein mRNA's were not detectable in mouse adipose tissue or in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It is suggested that p422 functions as an adipocyte fatty acid binding protein.
A cyclic testing comparison of FasT-Fix and RapidLoc devices in human cadaveric meniscus.

Cyclic testing may provide a more valid depiction of how arthroscopic meniscal repairs will withstand the forces of activities of daily living (ADLs) and therapeutic exercises early post-surgery than single cycle load to failure testing. This study compared the meniscal fixation provided by vertically or horizontally placed FasT-Fix devices to horizontally placed RapidLoc devices under submaximal cyclic test conditions. Eighteen human cadaveric menisci were divided into three groups of six specimens. A scapel was used to create a 2 cm lesion at 3 mm from the outer edge of the posterior third of each specimen. Merselene tape loops were placed around each side of the lesion and the tears were repaired using two vertical FasT-Fix, two horizontal FasT-Fix, or two RapidLoc devices. Cyclic testing (5–50 N at 1 Hz for 500 cycles) was performed on a servo hydraulic device. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe post-hoc tests were used to evaluate group differences (P < 0.05). The vertical FasT-Fix group had less displacement over the initial ten loading cycles compared to the RapidLoc group (P = 0.004), but did not differ from the horizontal FasT-Fix group (P = 0.07). At 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 cycles, the vertical FasT-Fix group had less displacement than the horizontal FasT-Fix or RapidLoc groups (P ≤ 0.004). At each interval the vertical FasT-Fix group had greater relative stiffness than the other groups (P ≤ 0.009). The vertical FasT-Fix group had comparatively less displacement (primarily repair site gapping) and greater relative stiffness.
Photonics at TVI Community College: a critical rung in New Mexico's photonics education ladder

The place of Albuquerque TVI Community College in the ladder of photonics education in New Mexico is presented. TVI has offered photonics courses since the late 70s. These courses formed the first rung of what has developed into a ladder of photonics educational opportunities in New Mexico, ranging from middle and high school initiatives to university programs. Details of how TVI established its current Photonics Technology Program and a description of this program are presented. Two key elements of success in photonics education are emphasized – excellence in teaching traditional and non-traditional students of diverse educational backgrounds, and involvement and feedback from industry in shaping educational and training programs in photonics.
Solid State: VLSI: Some fundamental challenges: Defining and designing the products made possible by very-large-scale integration are first on the list of priority tasks

A tremendous interest in VLSI is all around us. There is much talk of electron-beam and X-ray lithography tools to achieve VLSI's submicron structures. In all of the discussions, the implication is that VLSI will allow us to enjoy the same kind of fantastic low-cost advantages that previous IC technologies have provided in electronic products. Perhaps. But if the semiconductor industry had today a commercial million-transistor technology like VLSI, I'm not so sure it would know what to do with it. Besides products containing memory devices, it isn't clear how future VLSI can be used in electronic products.
The Construction of the Ancient Family: Methodological Considerations*

A remarkable new consensus, recognized even by its critics, has emerged among classical historians that ‘the normal Roman family seems to have been a “nuclear family” like our own’. The consensus is remarkable because practically all historians who support it admit that the portrait of the Roman family that emerges from many literary accounts and is enshrined in Roman law and language is nothing like the modern nuclear family. Saller demonstrates that the Romans had no term equivalent to ‘family’ in the modern sense, that is, the father-mother-children triad of the ‘nuclear family’. The English word ‘family’ has almost no relation to Roman concepts of familia and domus. As Saller explains, ‘Domus was used with regard to household and kinship to mean the physical house, the household including family and slaves, the broad kinship group including agnates and cognates, ancestors and descendants, and the patrimony’. The Latin familia, while usually narrower in reference than domus, also had little relation to anything meant by the English ‘family’.
High temperature gas diagnostics by spectral remote sensing

The usefulness of spectral emission measurements in determining line-of-sight temperature and/or concentration distributions in high temperature gaseous systems is investigated. An analytical model was constructed which relates the emitted spectral intensity to the local temperature and radiating species concentration within the gas. The mathematical statement of the model leads to a series of integral equations, one for each frequency at which data are taken. The profiles within the gas are determined by inverting these integral equations through the use of a parameter estimation inversion technique. In addition to a series of analytical experiments, experimental verification study was conducted in which gas temperatures varying from 700 to 1350 K over a 25 cm path were produced in an electrically heated furnace. The gas consisted of CO2N2 mixtures whose relative mole fractions could be varied with the total pressure remaining constant at 1 atm. Temperature profiles determined by inversion agreed with profiles based on a combination of predictions and independent thermocouple measurements with an average error of less than 3% (using the independently measured CO2 partial pressure).
A test of static equilibrium models and rates of return to quasi-fixed factors, with an application to the Bell system

Abstract The paper provides a statistical test to assess the adequacy of the static equilibrium framework which can be used prior to specifying a fully dynamic equilibrium model. We develop and apply this test to the production structure and factor demand equations based on the theory of restricted cost functions. This diagnostic test can also be used in other areas of applied economics, such as consumer demand and labor supply studies, where the analyst faces the choice between static and dynamic models of economic behavior. The framework is used to calculate rates of return to quasi-fixed factors, to measure the extent of over- and underinvestment in such factors, to adjust measured productivity growth for departures from static equilibrium, and to provide measures of marginal Tobin's q for individual assets that could be used to model investment functions for those assets.
Congenital pancreatic pseudocyst: Report of two cases

Pancreatic pseudocysts have not been reported to occur in the fetus or newborn. The authors report two cases of histologically proven pancreatic pseudocysts in neonates, which were detected using prenatal ultrasonography. Surgical management included external marsupialization followed by internal drainage in one case, and excision in the other. Both patients ultimately did well. The etiology of these lesions remains unclear.
The other side of identity theft: not just a financial concern

With identity theft on the rise and the past history of legislation pertaining to it, it is important to look at recent updates and efforts to battle and handle this threat to society. Society needs to understand all realms of identity theft, how they occur, the protections and the rights they hold, and what their options are should they fall victim to this wave of crime. This paper looks at all of these issues and specifically focuses on the area of criminal record identity theft versus the more common financial identity theft.
Intraclass classification of tumor in brain MR images

Abstract In robust tumor recognition engine implementation, it is important to superimposedifferent types of MR images to verify the adequacy of treatment. Usually, the tumors intime-staggered MR images may vary in shape, format, orientation, angle, translation,scale and by a variety of other distortions. It is already known that various imageregistration techniques such as Affine transform suffers from lack of speed. Thus, theability to extract distortion-invariant image features is highly desirable for improvedspeed and efficiency. We propose to explore distortion-invariant metadata extraction andsubsequent classification of tumor in brain MR images. IntroductionDistortion-invariant image recognition (DIIR) finds its application in various manufacturing, health and defense areas. Due to its immense scope it is a heavilyresearched field and with the development of newer and faster computational devices DIIR is gaining momentum [1-6]. Most of the existing DIIR algorithms involve complexand time consuming computation for distortion-invariant image classification. The Mellintransform-based filters [2-5] are very computation intensive while circular harmonic filter[6] also lacks speed due to partial use of information contained in a single harmonic in
Ionic Hydrogen Bonds in Bioenergetics. 4. Interaction Energies of Acetylcholine with Aromatic and Polar Molecules

The binding energies of the quaternary ions (CH3)4N+ and acetylcholine (ACh) to neutral molecules have been measured by pulsed high-pressure mass spectrometry and calculated ab initio, to model interactions in the acetylcholine receptor channel. Binding energies to C6H6 and C6H5CH3 are similar to those to H2O (33−42 kJ/mol (8−10 kcal/mol)), but are weaker than those to polar organic ligands such as CH3CO2CH3 (50−63 kJ/mol (12−15 kcal/mol)) and to amides (up to 84 kJ/mol (20 kcal/mol)). These data suggest that aromatic residues that line the groove leading to the ACh receptor site may provide stabilization comparable to water, and therefore allow entry from the aqueous environment, yet do not bind ACh as strongly as polar protein groups, and therefore allow transit, without trapping, to the receptor site. Four of the five distinct ACh conformers located computationally are stabilized by internal C−H···O hydrogen bonds involving the quaternary ammonium group, which is supported by the thermochemistry of the...
Evaluation of Iron Binding Compounds as Inhibitors of Gas and Toxin Production by Clostridium botulinum in Ground Pork

Iron binding systems (heme iron binding gases alone or with iron binding salts) were evaluated for antibotulinal activity in ground pork. Compared with meat systems containing nitrite or nitrite plus supplemental iron compounds, carbon monoxide (CO) was not antibotulinal. Nitric oxide (NO) treated meats did swell slower, but nitrite was also found in these systems. Thus, neither CO nor NO would be suitable substitutes for sodium nitrite in meat curing. Addition of ferric chloride or myoglobin decreased the antibotulinal effectiveness of nitrite, but samples containing nitrite plus ethylene-diaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or denatured nitrosylated myoglobin (NOMb) swelled slower. Supplemental iron compounds probably decreased residual nitrite levels in the product, thus permitting botulinal growth, rather than directly stimulating growth by providing iron as an external nutrient.
Wavelet-based analysis of multiscale phenomena: Application to material porosity and identification of dominant scales

The paper presents a general process that utilizes wavelet analysis in order to link information on material properties at several scales. In the particular application addressed analytically and numerically, multiscale porosity is the source of material structure or heterogeneity, and the wavelet-based analysis of multiscale information shows clearly its role on properties such as resistance to mechanical failure. Furthermore, through the statistical properties of the heterogeneity at a hierarchy of scales, the process clearly identifies a dominant scale or range of scales. Special attention is paid to porosity appearing at two distinct scales far apart from each other since this demonstrates the process in a lucid fashion. Finally, the paper suggests ways to extend the process to general multiscale phenomena, including time scaling.
An alternative characterization of the deferred acceptance algorithm

Kojima and Manea (Econometrica 78(2):633–653, 2010) present two characterizations of when an allocation rule corresponds to the agent-proposing deferred acceptance (DA) algorithm for some substitutable priority rule of the objects being assigned. Building on their results we characterize when an allocation rule is outcome equivalent to the DA algorithm for every substitutable priority rule. In particular, an assignment rule satisfies mutual best (MB) if an agent is always assigned her most preferred object whenever she has the highest priority for it. This mild requirement is a necessary but far from sufficient condition for an assignment rule to be stable. We demonstrate that any allocation mechanism that satisfies MB along with non-wastefulness, population monotonicity and either individually rational monotonicity or weak Maskin monotonicity not only is a stable assignment mechanism but is equivalent to the agent proposing DA algorithm.
Nongray Particulate Radiation in an Isothermal Cylindrical Medium

The radial radiative heat flux and its divergence are determined both exactly and approximately for homogeneous suspensions of small particles. Scattering is assumed to be small compared to absorption and the absorption coefficient is taken to be inversely proportional to wavelength. The exact solution is reduced to an infinite series of single integrals. The optically thin and the next higher order behavior appear in closed form as the first two terms in the series. Two approximate solutions are also developed. One is in good agreement with the exact solution while the other is not. Finally, a closed form approximate relation is derived for the dimensionless heat flux at the surface. This expression, which also gives the emissivity or absorptivity of the medium, is in excellent agreement with the exact result.
Anaerobic Digester Survey of California Dairy Producers

Abstract We conducted a survey to identify for the US Environmental Protection Agency examples of and reasons for the failure of many previously installed methane recovery systems. Six dairy producers participated in this survey. Installation costs of systems ranged from $100,000 to $950,000. Three producers have continued their dairy operations but no longer use methane recovery technology. Two producers were favorable to the technology but no longer operate a dairy. Of those surveyed, only one producer continues to use methane recovery technology. Identified problems associated with unsuccessful operations included poor design, collection of manure in a wet form, and incomplete cooperation from electric companies. Producers found that the technology required intense management and was economically risky. Increased cooperation between electric companies and small producers of electricity and greater prices paid for electricity might provide positive economic incentives that would encourage methane recovery and electricity generation. One producer indicated that the benefits from anaerobic digester technology to be emphasized to potential users were income from sales of final solids and that nutrient value of both solid and liquid effluent streams as fertilizer sources.
Hybrid Scalar/Vector Quantization of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for Low Bit-Rate Coding of Speech

In this paper, we propose a low bit-rate speech codec based on a hybrid scalar/vector quantization of the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). We begin by showing that if a high-resolution mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC) is computed, good-quality speech reconstruction is possible from the MFCCs despite the lack of explicit phase information. By evaluating the contribution toward speech quality that individual MFCCs make and applying appropriate quantization, our results show perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) of the MFCC-based codec matches the state-of-the-art MELPe codec at 600 bps and exceeds the CELP codec at 2000 -- 4000 bps coding rates. The main advantage of the proposed codec is in distributed speech recognition (DSR) since speech features based on MFCCs can be directly obtained from code words thus eliminating additional decode and feature extract stages.
Radiation from accelerated impurities in a Bose–Einstein condensate

Abstract We investigate radiation spectra arising from accelerated point-like impurities in the homogeneous Bose–Einstein condensate. A general formula for the radiation spectrum is obtained in the integral form as a function of given impurity trajectory within the Bogoliubov approximation. The Planckian spectrum is obtained for a special accelerated motion, which is shown to be unphysical. Non-Planckian spectrum is found in the case of a uniformly accelerated impurity. We compare our result with similar settings discussed in other quantum systems.