cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Session-Quality Assessment for Human Tutoring Based on Expert Ratings of Tutoring Success.

Archived transcripts from tens of millions of online human tutoring sessions potentially contain important knowledge about how online tutors help, or fail to help, students learn. However, without ways of automatically analyzing these large corpora, any knowledge in this data will remain buried. One way to approach this issue is to train an estimator for the learning effectiveness of an online tutoring interaction. While significant work has been done on automated assessment of student responses and artifacts (e.g., essays), automated assessment has not traditionally automated assessments of human-to-human tutoring sessions. In this work, we trained a model for estimating tutoring session quality based on a corpus of 1438 online tutoring sessions rated by expert tutors. Each session was rated for evidence of learning (outcomes) and educational soundness (process). Session features for this model included dialog act classifications, mode classifications (e.g., Scaffolding), statistically distinctive subsequences of such classifications, dialog initiative (e.g., statements by tutor vs. student), and session length. The model correlated more highly with evidence of learning than educational soundness ratings, in part due to the greater difficulty of classifying tutoring modes. This model was then applied to a corpus of 242k online tutoring sessions, to examine the relationships between automated assessments and other available metadata (e.g., the tutor’s self-assessment). On this large corpus, the automated assessments followed similar patterns as the expert rater’s assessments, but with lower overall correlation strength. Based on the analyses presented, the assessment model for online tutoring sessions emulates the ratings of expert human tutors for session quality ratings with a reasonable degree of accuracy.
A Seed-Cacheing Garabid (Coleoptera)

While I was investigating the insects associated with Melampyrum lineare ,2 I observed that Synuchus impunctatous (Say)3 was attracted by the seeds of Melampyrum and might be partly responsible for the formation of caches of Melampyrum seeds in forest litter and under logs (Cantlon et al. 1963).
COMPARISON OF TURBULENT LATERAL MIXING MODELS

A variety of different lateral mixing models have been employed in the equation of motion for determining wave-induced longshore currents. The equation of motion is cast into a general form which enables a comparison of the various models. Analytic solutions for longshore currents are developed for seven different mixing models. A nonplanar beach profile is employed because it has been found to be representative of many beaches and it allows for a distinction between offshore and depth scaling of eddies. The seven different mixing models include models which vary monotonically with horizontal distance offshore and models which change form at the breaker line. Numerical results indicate that the longshore current profile is rather insensitive to the form of the mixing model for nonplanar beach profiles.
Silicon Photonic MEMS Switch: A New Path to High Port Count Switches

Large-scale integrated photonic switches (64x64) have been realized by combining silicon photonics with efficient MEMS switching mechanisms. These switches are based on passive crossbar architecture, which is fundamentally more scalable than other switches. Article not available.
Outcomes after carotid artery stenting in hemodialysis patients

Background Patients who require hemodialysis are historically excluded from randomized studies of carotid artery stenting (CAS) due to perceived poor outcomes. Observational studies of outcomes after CAS in hemodialysis patients are mostly limited to small, single-institution series. Objective This study evaluated long-term outcomes after CAS in a large nationally representative cohort of hemodialysis patients. Methods We studied all patients who underwent CAS in the United States Renal Disease System database between January 2006 and December 2011. Patient outcomes were determined by matching with the Medicare database. Univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression were used to compare perioperative (stroke, death, myocardial infarction) and long-term (stroke, death) outcomes after CAS. Results The cohort included 1109 patients who underwent CAS. Median follow-up was 2.5 years (interquartile range, 1.30-3.71; maximum, 4.97 years). Mean age was 67 (standard deviation, 9.9) years, and 61% of patients were male, 75% were white, and 83% were asymptomatic. Overall, 30-day perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction, and death rates were 5.5%, 5.5%, and 3.1%, respectively. Long-term freedom from stroke was 90% at 1 year, 85% at 2 years, and 76% at 4 years. Patient survival was 73% at 1 year and 29% at 4 years. Symptomatic status was the only significant predictor of stroke in a long-term period of 4 years (hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-3.29; P Conclusions This study, which is the largest population-based study of outcomes after CAS in hemodialysis patients, demonstrates relatively poor long-term survival and prohibitive operative stroke and death risk. We recommend avoidance of CAS in asymptomatic dialysis patients and cautious consideration when planning CAS in symptomatic patients.
Sonographic Detection of Metastatic Breast Cancer in the Liver

Sonography is an effective imaging modality for detecting the presence of breast cancer that has metastasized to other organs. Early determination of the presence of these metastatic lesions has pr...
Identifying the Complexity of Multiple Risk Factors for Obesity Among Urban Latinas

The prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly among Hispanics/Latinas. We evaluated the prevalence of being obese or overweight and associated risk factors among 630 low-income, Latina women from ambulatory care clinics in Upper Manhattan. Overall, 37 % of the sample was overweight and 41 % of the sample was obese, and yet, almost half of women who are overweight considered their weight “just about right.” After adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioral, and biological risk factors, being obese was strongly associated with having hypertension [relative risk ratio (RRR) 3.93, 1.75–8.82], pre-hypertension (RRR 2.59, 1.43–4.67), diabetes (RRR 2.50, 1.21–5.14) and moderate/moderately severe/severe depression (RRR 2.09, 1.03–4.26). Women who reported that finding time was a barrier to physical activity were also more likely to be obese (RRR 1.78, 1.04–3.02). Chronic financial stress was associated with lower risk of being overweight (RRR 0.47, 0.28–0.79) or obese (RRR 0.51, 0.31–0.86), as well as eating out at restaurants (RRR 0.75, 0.62–0.89). Opportunities for intervention relate to understanding cultural factors around perceptions of weight and helping women find the time for physical activity.
Primary lymphoma of the liver.

We report here the case of a man who presented with nonspecific clinical symptoms and was found to have abnormal liver function tests and large filling defects on liver scan. At autopsy, a primary histiocytic lymphoma of the liver was found. The liver is frequently involved secondarily by lymphoma; primary hepatic lymphoma however is rare, only five cases having been previously reported.
Mercurial reagents inhibit flow through ADH-induced water channels in toad bladder

Mercurial reagents inhibit the water permeability of erythrocytes and proximal renal tubule. We examined the effect of two such agents on vasopressin-induced water transport across toad urinary bladder. Water flows were measured in unfixed tissues and in tissues fixed either with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or with glutaraldehyde. When added concurrently with 20 mU/ml vasopressin, 1 mM mucosal p-chloromercuribenzene-sulfonic acid (p-CMBS) inhibited water flow within 1 h. p-CMBS also inhibited flow in tissues that had been fixed with mucosal NEM after stimulation with vasopressin. However, p-CMBS did not affect flow in glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues. In contrast, HgCl2 inhibited water flow and urea permeability even in tissues that had been fixed with glutaraldehyde after stimulation with vasopressin. Inhibition was more pronounced when HgCl2 was added to the mucosal rather than the serosal bathing medium and was not reversed by dithiothreitol. HgCl2 did not diminish the frequency or area of luminal membrane aggr...
Theoretical Frameworks and School Context

The rationale and Spatial Operational Capacity theoretical framework that support the project are described along with the design research methodology that evolved over the 7 years of research, the school context, and a pre-interview used to support the researchers’ perspectives on each participant child’s beginning spatial ability.
Hypertension in Infancy

Blood pressure monitoring of infants has become widespread due to more practical methods of measurement. Hypertension is rare in infancy and requires a thorough evaluation. With appropriate treatment the prognosis is good. This article discusses measurement techniques and reference ranges for infants' blood pressure and various diagnostic and management possibilities.
White Privilege in the Criminal Justice System: Examining the Shift in Media Approach to the War on Drugs

Upon exploring the history of drug use and prohibition in America, it is evident that there have always been racial implications in the war on drugs. However, in order to understand how white privilege has been an important part of the criminal justice system, we must understand how America’s history has ingrained in both white and black communities the idea that black behavior is synonymous with criminal behavior. It is not simply targeting and demonizing the black community that has led to a racist criminal justice system, but also white privilege that allows whites in America to get away with committing the same crimes that blacks have been severely punished for. The purpose of this research is to explore that very issue by looking at how the media sensationalism and scapegoating of blacks helped to demonize the black community during the crack epidemic and how that contributed to the implementation of racist drug policies. However, there has been shift in media imagery and messaging with the heroin epidemic due to the changing demographics of those afflicted with addiction. This shift has led to a gentler political approach to the War on Drugs with attempts to pass policies that focus on rehabilitation instead of punishment. I chose to focus on this topic because the war on drugs has arguably been the most overt racist political attack on blacks since the Jim Crow era. Research needs to be done in order to begin to change not only the policies but the biases that persist in media that help to create them. We must understand these subtle biases when portraying black and white criminals because as long as they exist it will be impossible to eliminate white privilege from the criminal justice system.
A preliminary study of image reconstruction from low-dose data in dedicated breast CT

Interest exists in developing tomosynthesis machines and dedicated CT scanners for providing 3D images of breasts. Prototypes of dedicated breast CT scanners have been built and are under evaluation. In these scanners, analytic algorithms such as FDK are currently used for image reconstruction, which generally require data collected at a large number of views over a circular-scanning configuration. Imaging dose to patients is an important concern in breast CT. The current breast CT is designed to deliver about the same total imaging dose as that of a typical two-view mammography exam. This limited total exposure is distributed over a large number of views, thus resulting low-SNR data and noisy images. As breast-tissue contrast is relatively low, high noise level in images can render the tissue-contrast-based diagnosis difficult. Results from both academia and industry in developing iterative algorithms for image reconstruction from diagnostic CT data seem to indicate that they may yield images of higher quality than FDK from low-SNR data. In this work, we have investigated optimization-based iterative algorithms for image reconstruction from low-SNR data in breast CT. We have acquired both physical phantom and patient data for evaluating the utility of breast CT scanner. We formulated the reconstruction problem as a constrained minimization of the image total variation (TV), and used algorithms based upon the ASD-POCS scheme to solve the optimization problem. Using the algorithms developed, we reconstructed images from the phantom and patient data. Because the FDK algorithm is currently used clinically for image reconstruction in breast CT, images reconstructed with the proposed algorithms are compared with those obtained with the FDK algorithm. Results of these studies suggest that optimization-based algorithms may potentially improve image quality over the FDK algorithm for low-SNR breast-CT data.
Positive God Images and Positive Emotions toward God: Exploring Variations among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics

How people view God is an important part of religious life. The purpose of this study is to see if four positive God image measures and two measures of positive emotions toward God vary among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. The data come from a recent nationwide survey in the United States (N = 2500). The findings reveal that, compared to Whites and Hispanics, Blacks have more positive image of God scores on all four measures. The data indicate that Blacks are also more likely than Whites and Hispanics to have strong positive emotions toward God. In contrast, consistent differences between Hispanics and Whites failed to emerge across all of the study measures.
Conspicuity of Malignant Lesions on PET/CT and Simultaneous Time-Of-Flight PET/MRI.

Purpose To compare the conspicuity of malignant lesions between FDG PET/CT and a new simultaneous, time-of-flight (TOF) enabled PET/MRI scanner. Methods All patients underwent a single-injection of FDG, followed by a dual imaging protocol consisting of PET/CT followed by TOF PET/MRI. PET/CT and PET/MRI images were evaluated by two readers independently for areas of FDG uptake compatible with malignancy, and then categorized into 5 groups (1: PET/MRI and PET/CT positive; 2: PET/MRI positive, PET/CT positive in retrospect; 3: PET/CT positive, PET/MRI positive in retrospect; 4: PET/MRI positive, PET/CT negative; 5: PET/MRI negative, PET/CT positive) by consensus. Patients with no lesions on either study or greater than 10 lesions based on either modality were excluded from the study. Results Fifty-two patients (mean±SD age: 58±14 years) underwent the dual imaging protocol; of these, 29 patients with a total of 93 FDG-avid lesions met the inclusion criteria. The majority of lesions (56%) were recorded prospectively in the same location on PET/CT and PET/MRI. About an equal small fraction of lesions were seen on PET/CT but only retrospectively on PET/MRI (9%) and vice versa (12%). More lesions were identified only on PET/MRI but not on PET/CT, even in retrospect (96% vs. 81%, respectively; p = 0.003). Discrepant lesions had lower maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) than concordant lesions on both modalities (p<0.001). Conclusions While most lesions were identified prospectively on both modalities, significantly more lesions were identified with PET/MRI than with PET/CT.
Modifying Violent Communities by Enhancing Altruism: A Vision of Possibilities

A model for “diagnosing” and “treating” violent communities is outlined. The treatment consists of enhancing a form of pragmatic altruism by building relationships and mutual understanding between community leaders who are derived from task groups called “community stabilizing systems,” defined as groups essential for peaceful, creative stability in a community. Two examples of an intervention derived from this theory are described.
Response: Design for/by [and from] the ‘global South.’

AbstractThis paper is intended as a contribution to the development of a framework for design for, by, and from the Global South. After discussing briefly the need for such a framework, the papers outlines the rudiments of a specific subset of this sub-field, drawing on the conceptualization and struggles for autonomy by some Latin American social movements. Key to the conceptualization of this design for autonomy perspective are renewed notions of the communal and relationality, and the growing emphasis on the need for significant cultural and ecological – in some versions, civilizational – transitions between patriarchal capitalist modernity. Design for autonomy and transition design are presented as parallel and interconnected projects for both the South and the North.
Factors Influencing Pediatrician Retirement: A Survey of American Academy of Pediatrics Chapter Members.

Objective To assess the factors that may influence physicians' desire to retire through an analysis of data collected through the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) State Pediatrician Workforce Survey. Study design An electronic survey was sent to retired and nonretired US pediatricians who held AAP membership. The respondents were asked about the importance of 12 factors that would influence or had influenced their decision to retire. The physicians who were not yet retired also were asked: “If you could afford to today, would you retire from medicine?” Results The survey was completed by 8867 pediatricians. Among the nonretired respondents, 27% reported that they would retire today if it were affordable. Increasing regulation of medicine, decreasing clinical autonomy, and insufficient reimbursement were rated as very important factors by >50% of these pediatricians. Among retired pediatricians, 26.9% identified the effort to keep up with clinical advances and changes in practice as a very important factor in their decision to retire. Younger physicians were significantly more likely to rate maintenance of certification requirements, insufficient reimbursement, lack of professional satisfaction, and family responsibilities as very important factors. Rural pediatricians were more interested in retiring than those working in academic settings. There were no sex differences. Conclusions Twenty-seven percent of pediatricians in practice today would retire today if it were affordable. Identifying and addressing the important factors that influence a pediatrician's desire to retire can potentially reduce the retirement rate of pediatricians and thus increase access to care for children.
Development and Democratic Consolidation: The Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Peru in Comparative Perspective

Now that democracy is returning to many parts of the developing world studies that focus on modernization are becoming popular once again. The much criticized hypothesis proposed by Seymour M. Lipset over three decades ago, which argued that socioeconomic development was an important factor in democratic development,' has reemerged like the phoenix. In this study we evaluate this hypothesis with respect to three Latin American countries that experienced recent democratic transitions-the Dominican Republic in 1978, Peru in 1980, and Guatemala in 1985. We look at Latin America because Lipset's developmentdemocracy thesis is empirically weakest in the developing regions. Responding to Dankwart A. Rustow's criticism that the modernization school leaves out political variables and ignores historical processes,2 we focus on only a few countries in an effort to take a more in-depth and longitudinal approach to this question. Surprisingly, we find that the Lipset hypothesis does indeed help to partly explain democratization in our three Latin American cases. As Lipset and others have repeatedly pointed out, however, socioeconomic development appears to be simply one of several important factors promoting democratic inauguration and consolidation. Socioeconomic development may be influential, but it is by no means a sufficient cause for promoting stable democracy.
Overview of Pathology Evaluation of Breast Lesions and Quality Assurance

Pathologic evaluation of breast core needle biopsies or surgical specimens is an integral part of management of breast lesions. Suboptimal evaluation may have significant impact on patient care. It is critical for pathologic findings to provide satisfactory explanation for the breast imaging findings for optimal patient care. Awareness of the implications of pathologic diagnoses to patients in terms of “what next” should inform the approach to interpretation of breast lesions. The chapter discussed relevant points in terms of what happens before and after pathologic evaluation. Diagnostic criteria, challenges and pitfalls in the interpretation of fibroepithelial lesions, papillary neoplasms, invasive carcinomas and selective proliferative and non-proliferative breast lesions are highlighted.
Causation, Language, and the Kabbalah

In an extremely interesting and insightful article Lois Frankel points out that it is difficult for the modern reader to comprehend Leibniz’s concept of causation because we use different models which ultimately derive from Hume. We reject metaphysical, non-mechanical causal connections and tend to define causal relations in non-causal terms. As Frankel says, “the contem­porary theorists seek formulas to determine when causation obtains, not an understanding of what causation is.”370 Where we tend to think of causation in terms of a relation between events, philosophers in earlier centuries viewed causation in the much broader terms of the qualities, essences, and powers of substances acting upon each other on different levels of ontological reality. Thus, for Leibniz, God acts in one way, monads in another, and physical bod­ies in still another way. Yet, as Frankel points out, all these different forms of interaction are analogous, a point we will come back to.
The crystal structure of Z-DNA with untypically coordinated Ca2+ ions

DNA oligomer duplexes with alternating cytosines and guanines in their sequence tend to form helices of the Z-DNA type, where the sugar and phosphate backbone forms a left-handed helix in a zigzag fashion with a repeat of two successive Watson–Crick pairs of nucleotides. Z-DNA duplexes often crystallize in complexes with diverse metal ions interacting with polar DNA atoms in various ways. This work describes the high-resolution crystal structure of a Z-DNA d(CGCGCG)2 duplex in complex with Ca2+ ions, unusually coordinated as an approximate pentagonal bipyramid by two neighboring guanines through their O6 and N7 atoms and a water molecule in the equatorial plane and a phosphate oxygen atom and another water molecule in the apical positions.
Error analysis of the immersed interface method for Stokes equations with an interface

Abstract The immersed interface method using the three Poisson equation approach has been successfully developed to solve incompressible Stokes equations with interfaces (Li, 2015 and Li and Ito, 2006). While the numerical results show second order convergence for both velocity and pressure, rigorous error analysis is still missing. Based on recent theoretical development, particularly the error analysis by Beale and Layton (2006), second order convergence has been shown in this paper for both pressure and velocity under some assumptions.
Primitive Fakes, Tourist Art, and The Ideology of Authenticity

Over the last decades, a number of writers have exposed the complex ideology behind our construction of a largely imaginary Primitive Other upon whom we have projected either our fantasies of savagery and sexual license or an idealized vision of an unspoiled humanity.' Traditional treatments of Primitive Art have always been a part of this ambivalent discourse of the "primitive," and the best recent discussions of the concept of Primitive Art (Clifford, Price, Torgovnick) are acutely critical of it.2 But if recent writers have mercilessly at
Quantitation of carbohydrate monomers and dimers by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Abstract As remnants of plant wastes or plant secretions, carbohydrates are widely found in various environmental matrices. Carbohydrate-containing feedstocks represent important carbon sources for engineered bioproduction of commodity compounds. Routine monitoring and quantitation of heterogenous carbohydrate mixtures requires fast, accurate, and precise analytical methods. Here we present two methods to quantify carbohydrates mixtures by coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. Method 1 was optimized for eleven different carbohydrates: three pentoses (ribose, arabinose, xylose), three hexoses (glucose, fructose, mannose), and five dimers (sucrose, cellobiose, maltose, trehalose, lactose). Method 1 can monitor these carbohydrates simultaneously, except in the case of co-elution of xylose/arabinose and lactose/maltose/cellobiose peaks. Using the same stationary and mobile phases as in Method 1, Method 2 was developed to separate glucose and galactose, which were indistinguishable in Method 1. Both methods have low limits of detection (0.019–0.40 μM) and quantification (0.090–1.3 μM), good precision (2.4–13%) except sucrose (18%), and low mass error (0.0–2.4 ppm). Method 1 was robust at analyzing high ionic strength solutions, but a moderate matrix effect was observed. Finally, we apply Method 1 to track concurrently the extracellular depletion of five carbohydrates (xylose, glucose, fructose, mannose, and maltose) by Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5, a biotechnologically-important soil bacterial species.
Direct evaluation of dynamical large-deviation rate functions using a variational ansatz.

We describe a simple form of importance sampling designed to bound and compute large-deviation rate functions for time-extensive dynamical observables in continuous-time Markov chains. We start with a model, defined by a set of rates, and a time-extensive dynamical observable. We construct a reference model, a variational ansatz for the behavior of the original model conditioned on atypical values of the observable. Direct simulation of the reference model provides an upper bound on the large-deviation rate function associated with the original model, an estimate of the tightness of the bound, and, if the ansatz is chosen well, the exact rate function. The exact rare behavior of the original model does not need to be known in advance. We use this method to calculate rate functions for currents and counting observables in a set of network- and lattice models taken from the literature. Straightforward ansatze yield bounds that are tighter than bounds obtained from Level 2.5 of large deviations via approximations that involve uniform scalings of rates. We show how to correct these bounds in order to recover the rate functions exactly. Our approach is complementary to more specialized methods and offers a physically transparent framework for approximating and calculating the likelihood of dynamical large deviations.
Vaccination of the Stem Cell Transplant Recipient and the Hematologic Malignancy Patient

Patients with hematologic malignancy or those who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation experience variable degrees of immunosuppression, dependent on underlying disease, therapy received, time since transplant, and complications, such as graft-versus-host disease. Vaccination is an important strategy to mitigate onset and severity of certain vaccine-preventable illnesses, such as influenza, pneumococcal disease, or varicella zoster infection, among others. This article highlights vaccines that should and should not be used in this patient population and includes general guidelines for timing of vaccination administration and special considerations in the context of newer therapies, recent vaccine developments, travel, and considerations for household contacts.
Distributed Mechanism Design for Unicast Transmission

The standard (Hurwitz-Reiter) Mechanism Design framework requires that agents broadcast their messages to a central authority that subsequently determines allocation (and tax/subsidies) for each user. We consider a setting where agents can only communicate messages to their neighbors defined by a given communication graph. As a result, allocation and tax functions for each user can only depend on local neighborhood messages. This gives rise to a new, distributed, class of mechanisms. In this paper we propose such a mechanism for the problem of rate allocation over a network with unicast transmission. The proposed mechanism is distributed, it fully implements the optimal allocation in Nash equilibria (ie, there are no extraneous equilibria), is individually rational and weak budget balanced. The message space dimension of the proposed mechanism grows linearly with the number of agents in the network.
Response of Chemically-Crosslinked Microbubble Clusters to Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs- also known as "microbubbles") are small gas particles that volumetrically expand and contract in an ultrasound field, creating a backscattered signal. Their application in imaging and therapy is rapidly growing, requiring continuous optimization to meet the demands of emerging applications. We have recently developed and published a new class of lipid-based UCAs that called chemically cross-linked microbubbles clusters (CCMCs). Unlike individual UCAs, CCMCs are uniquely able to undergo ultrasound-induced bubble fusion using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. In this study, we continue to optimize or formulation process to develop a rapid and facile means of generating usable and stable clusters for in vivo delivery. Our overall hypothesis is that the unique fusion response of CCMCs in an ultrasound field can generate novel acoustic responses and will eventually enable new methods of contrast agent imaging which cannot be accomplished with traditional UCAs.
Facilitating cancer epidemiologic efforts in Cleveland via creation of longitudinal de-duplicated patient data sets

Background:Cleveland, Ohio is home to three major hospitals systems serving approximately 80% of the Northeast Ohio population. The Cleveland Clinic, University Hospitals Health System, and MetroHealth are direct competitors for primary and specialty care, and patient overlap between these systems is high. Fragmentation of health data that exist in silos at these health systems produces an overestimation of disease burden due to double and sometimes triple counting of patients. As a result, longitudinal population-based studies across the Cleveland patient population are impeded unless accurate and actionable clinically derived health data sets can be created. Methods:The Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology (CICB) has developed the De-Duplicate and De-Identify Research Engine (DeDeRE) that, without any exchange of Personal Health Identifiers (PHI) between health systems, will effectively de-duplicate the patients between one or more health entities. Results:The immediate utility of this software for cancer epidemiology is the increased accuracy in measuring cancer burden and the potential to perform longitudinal studies with de-duplicated, de-identified data sets. Conclusions:The DeDeRE software developed and tested here accomplishes its goals without exposing PHI using a state- of-the-art, trusted privacy preservation network enabled by a hash-based matching algorithm Impact:This paper will guide the reader through the functions currently developed in DeDeRE and how a healthcare organization (HCO) employing the release version of this technology can begin sharing data with one or more additional HCOs in a collaborative and non-competitive manner to create a regional population health resource for cancer researchers.
The Use of Three-Dimensional Photography and Printing in the Fabrication of a Nasal Prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE Facial prosthetic rehabilitation using additive manufacturing technology relies on data acquisition from computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Three-dimensional (3D) photography has become widespread in craniofacial and plastic surgery due to its ability to provide more comprehensive topographical data than radiographic techniques. Despite the rising popularity of 3D photography in preoperative planning, reports on the use of this technology for facial prosthetic rehabilitation are lacking. The present clinical report demonstrates the indirect fabrication of a nasal prosthesis using 3D surface-imaging by the VECTRA-M5 360 Head System. DESIGN A 61-year-old woman presented with a nasal defect due to a partial rhinectomy secondary to multiple resections of recurrent basal cell carcinoma. After opting out of any further surgical intervention, the patient expressed a preference for prosthetic rehabilitation. Prosthesis fabrication using CAD/CAM technology typically relies on patient data from computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans for the 3D printing of the replica of the nasal defect. In this case, facial data was acquired by a 3D surface-imaging system using a 3D photograph captured by the VECTRA-M5 360 Head System. CONCLUSIONS Acquisition of facial data using 3D surface-imaging systems may be recommended for patients with external facial deformities to decrease subsequent radiation exposure. The integration of 3D photography and 3D printing provides a promising method for prosthetic rehabilitation that decreases total production time while minimizing radiation exposure.
Per oral pyloromyotomy utilizing a lesser curvature approach: how we do it.

The treatment of gastroparesis refractory to medical therapy has evolved to include purely endoscopic techniques. Per oral pyloromyotomy (POP) has evolved from traditional laparoscopic or open pyloroplasty to become a safe and effective minimally invasive option for patients with gastroparesis. As compared to laparoscopic pyloroplasty (LP), POP produces similar improvements in gastric emptying and symptom mitigation, while having shorter lengths of stay. There are slight variations in technique that vary by institution. Described here is a technique utilizing a lesser curve approach, with a mucosotomy closure using clips in an effort to maximize efficiency of the procedure. Preoperative workup includes a scintigraphic gastric emptying study or a wireless motility capsule study, and the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI). After an upper endoscopy, the procedure begins with injection into the submucosal space with methylene blue in saline on the lesser curve, 3–5 cm proximal to the pylorus. A 1.5 cm incision is then made with the ERBE hybrid knife. A submucosal tunnel is created past the distal end of the pylorus, and the muscle is hooked, and divided with the hybrid knife. The mucosotomy is closed with clips (Boston Scientific Resolution 360, Boston, MA) after the completion of the myotomy. Post-operatively, patients are discharged home after an overnight stay with a proton pump inhibitor, sucralfate, and a full liquid diet for 2 weeks. A lesser curve approach with mucosotomy closure using clips is a safe, effective, and efficient modality for performing POP. As more centers adopt POP as a tool for gastroparesis management, the lesser curve method limits the length of the submucosal tunnel needed, and allows for wide adoption of the technique.
Volumetric chemical imaging in vivo by a remote-focusing stimulated Raman scattering microscope

Operable under ambient light and providing chemical selectivity, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy opens a new window for imaging molecular events on a human subject, such as filtration of topical drugs through the skin. A typical approach for volumetric SRS imaging is through piezo scanning of an objective lens, which often disturbs the sample and offers a low axial scan rate. To address these challenges, we have developed a deformable mirror-based remote-focusing SRS microscope, which not only enables high-quality volumetric chemical imaging without mechanical scanning of the objective but also corrects the system aberrations simultaneously. Using the remote-focusing SRS microscope, we performed volumetric chemical imaging of living cells and captured in real time the dynamic diffusion of topical chemicals into human sweat pores.
Disseminated Eruptive Blue Nevi in a Young Adult Patient

Common blue nevi tend to be singular or localized, with multiple eruptive blue nevi being a rare occurrence. We report the case of a young adult who presented with multiple asymptomatic lesions that had appeared gradually over a few years. Physical examination revealed 30 distinct, blue-gray macules diffusely over the medial buttocks, lower back, and dorsal arms. Histopathology showed pigmented dendritic melanocytes with associated melanophages, features characteristic of blue nevus. This case demonstrates that eruptive blue nevi can present as numerous, disseminated lesions over multiple anatomic sites. Recognition of the various patterns of eruptive blue nevi and their benign nature can reduce unnecessary biopsies and work-up.
In-situ determination of astro-comb calibrator lines to better than 10 cm s(-1).

Improved wavelength calibrators for high-resolution astrophysical spectrographs will be essential for precision radial velocity (RV) detection of Earth-like exoplanets and direct observation of cosmological deceleration. The astro-comb is a combination of an octave-spanning femtosecond laser frequency comb and a Fabry-Perot cavity used to achieve calibrator line spacings that can be resolved by an astrophysical spectrograph. Systematic spectral shifts associated with the cavity can be 0.1-1 MHz, corresponding to RV errors of 10-100 cm/s, due to the dispersive properties of the cavity mirrors over broad spectral widths. Although these systematic shifts are very stable, their correction is crucial to high accuracy astrophysical spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate an in-situ technique to determine the systematic shifts of astro-comb lines due to finite Fabry-Perot cavity dispersion. The technique is practical for implementation at a telescope-based spectrograph to enable wavelength calibration accuracy better than 10 cm/s.
The role of flow stasis in transcatheter aortic valve leaflet thrombosis.

Abstract Objective With the recent expanded indication for transcatheter aortic valve replacement to low-risk surgical patients, thrombus formation in the neosinus is of particular interest due to concerns of reduced leaflet motion and long-term transcatheter heart valve durability. Although flow stasis likely plays a role, a direct connection between neosinus flow stasis and thrombus severity is yet to be established. Methods Patients (n = 23) were selected to minimize potential confounding factors related to thrombus formation. Patient-specific 3-dimensional reconstructed in vitro models were created to replicate in vivo anatomy and valve deployment using the patient-specific cardiac output and idealized coronary flows. Dye was injected into each neosinus to quantify washout time as a measure of flow stasis. Results Flow stasis (washout time) showed a significant, positive correlation with thrombus volume in the neosinus (rho = 0.621, P Conclusions This is the first patient-specific study correlating flow stasis with thrombus volume in the neosinus post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement across multiple valve types and sizes. Neosinus-specific factors create hemodynamic and thrombotic variability within individual patients. Measurement of neosinus flow stasis may guide strategies to improve outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Real-Time Scheduling of Multistage IDK-Cascades

An IDK classifier is a software component that categorizes each input provided to it into one of a fixed set of “classes,” or outputs an “I don't know” (IDK) to indicate that it is unable to classify this input. An IDK-cascade is a linear arrangement of different IDK classifiers for the same classification problem, which are executed in sequence on a given input until one outputs an actual class (rather than IDK). Given a multistage computation that must be completed within a specified hard end-to-end deadline and a choice of classifiers, one deterministic and one an IDK-cascade, for each stage, the problem of determining which IDK-cascades to schedule in order to minimize the expected end-to-end response time while guaranteeing to meet the specified deadline is considered. Different variants of this problem are defined, and optimal algorithms for solving them are derived.
The role of Vitamin E in hip implant-related corrosion and toxicity: Initial outcome.

Abstract In orthopedic healthcare, Total Hip Replacement (THR) is a common and effective solution to hip-related bone and joint diseases/fracture; however, corrosion of the hip implant and the release of degradation metal ions/particles can lead to early implant failure and pose potential toxicity risk for the surrounding tissues. The main objective of this work was to investigate the potential role of Vitamin E to minimize corrosion-related concerns from CoCrMo hip implants. The study focused on two questions (i) Can Vitamin E inhibit CoCrMo corrosion? and (ii) Does Vitamin E moderate the toxicity associated with the CoCrMo implant particles? In the study (i) the electrochemical experiments (ASTM G61 ) with different concentrations of Vitamin E (1, 2, 3 mg/ml against the control) were performed using normal saline and simulated synovial fluid (Bovine calf serum-BCS, 30 g/L protein, pH 7.4) as electrolytes. The polished CoCrMo disc (Ra 50 nm) was the working electrode. The findings suggested that both Vitamin E-Saline (45 ± 0.9%) and Vitamin E-BCS (91 ± 3%) solutions protected against implant corrosion at a Vitamin E concentration of 3 mg/ml, but Vitamin E-BCS showed protection at all Vitamin E (1-3 mg/ml) concentration levels. These results suggested that the Vitamin E and the protein present in the BCS imparted additive effects towards the electrochemical inhibition. In the study (ii) the role of Vitamin E in cytotoxicity inhibition was studied using a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2a) for CoCrMo particles and Cr ions separately. The CoCrMo particles were generated from a custom-built hip simulator. The alamarBlue assay results suggested that Vitamin E provides significant protection (85% and 75% proliferation) to N2a cells against CoCrMo particles and Cr ions, respectively at 1 μg/ml concentration, as compared to the control group. However, the results obtained from ROS expression and DNA fiber staining suggest that Vitamin E is only effective against CoCrMo degradation particles and not against Cr ions. In summary, the findings show that Vitamin E can minimize the corrosion processes and play a role in minimizing the potential toxicity associated with implants.
Evidence from theta-burst stimulation that age-related de-differentiation of the hippocampal network is functional for episodic memory.

Abstract Episodic memory is supported by hippocampal interactions with a distributed network. Aging is associated with memory decline and network de-differentiation. However, the role of de-differentiation in memory decline has not been directly tested. We reasoned that hippocampal network-targeted stimulation could test these theories, as age-related changes in the network response to stimulation would indicate network reorganization, and corresponding changes in memory would suggest that this reorganization is functional. We compared effects of stimulation on fMRI connectivity and memory in younger versus older adults. Theta-burst network-targeted stimulation of left lateral parietal cortex selectively increased hippocampal network connectivity and modulated memory in younger adults. In contrast, stimulation in older adults increased connectivity throughout the brain, without network selectivity, and did not influence memory. These findings provide evidence that network responses to stimulation are de-differentiated in aging and suggest that age-related de-differentiation is relevant for memory. This manuscript is part of the Special Issue entitled “Cognitive Neuroscience of Healthy and Pathological Aging” edited by Drs. M. N. Rajah, S. Belleville, and R. Cabeza.
Use of Titanium and Zirconium in Chemical Environments

Titanium and zirconium are playing an increasingly greater role in industry as corrosion-resistant materials for use in severe environmental conditions. Their applications in a variety of environments are reviewed. Discussion also focuses on potential new areas where titanium and zirconium can be expected to find application because of their mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
Tam O'Shanter

When Chapman billies leave the street, And drouthy neebors neebors meet, As market-days are wearing late, An' folk begin to tak the gate; While we sit bousing at the nappy, An' getting fou and unco happy, We think na on the lang Scots miles, The mosses, waters, slaps and styles, That lie between us and our hame, Whare sits our sulky, sullen dame, Gathering her brows like a gathering storm, Nursing her wrath to keep it warm.
The Structure of Human Memory

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an analysis of the structure of human memory. It focuses on the process of recall of information from long-term memory. Common forms of memory such as personal memory, semantic memory, and rote linguistic skills are described in the chapter. A skill is the ability to carry out a practiced motor performance or cognitive operation. There is typically no experience of mental imagery when skilled actions are carried out. Three important types of skills are motor skills, cognitive skills, and rote linguistic skills. Data from a phenomenal experience is given equal status with the other forms of data typically gathered in experiments on human memory. In working out the analysis of the structure of memory, a constant tension between a view of memory as the reliving of earlier perceptions and a view of memory as a schema-based reconstructive process is felt. Many of the classic theories of human memory have achieved simplicity by ignoring the actual complexity of the phenomena and by attempting to give a simple image account, a simple interference account, or a simple propositional account.
Liver and Spleen

This chapter will focus principally on hepatobiliary scintigraphy, as it is by far the most frequently indicated nuclear medicine method for the evaluation of the liver in pediatric patients. Later in this chapter, we will discuss splenic scintigraphy using heat-denatured red blood cells. Lastly we will briefly discuss reticuloendothelial system (RES) scintigraphy of the liver and spleen, which is currently very rarely used in children.
Large Simple Trials

Trials that are both very large and simple are often needed to provide reliable answers to important clinical questions. Large, simple trials can demonstrate or exclude clinically meaningful, moderate treatment effects. The large sample size is necessary to overcome moderate biases and moderate random errors. The simple structure and conduct is necessary to make such trials feasible and practical. The various characteristics of large, simple trials will be illustrated with published examples. Keywords: randomized; controlled; multicenter; design
Evaluating Climate Migration

Climate change will negatively impact human communities and ecosystems, including driving increased food insecurity, increased exposure to disease, loss of livelihood and worsening poverty. Recent climate debates have focused attention on climate migrants, people who are displaced by the ecological stresses caused by climate change. To date, these debates have focused a great deal of attention on state security issues and have left the gender implications largely unexplored. In this article we examine the securitization of climate migration debates through gender lenses. We find that gender helps reveal and focus attention on the human security implications of climate migration and offers a useful discourse for climate policymaking.