cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
429. Preeclampsia Treatment Strategies: Subtraction vs. Addition

Preeclampsia can be complicated by end-organ damage, including severe hypertension, cerebral edema, and kidney and liver failure. Impending end-organ damage necessitates immediate delivery, often at the expense of the fetus in cases of preterm preeclampsia. Methods to prolong pregnancy may benefit the fetus, if of course maternal signs and symptoms can be tempered. Towards that end, we have developed a novel method to remove circulating sFlt-1 from maternal circulation in hopes to prolong pregnancy in women presenting with severe preterm preeclampsia. Such a strategy is novel for preeclampsia, but not entirely new in general Obstetrics, since historically and even today pregnant women undergo chronic hemodialysis, and plasma pheresis, during pregnancy for a variety of indications. Implementing such a strategy was stepwise, with a gradual increase in the duration and frequency of apheresis. Care was taken to avoid changes in blood pressure during the treatments, and management of flow rates and anticoagulation had to be modified appropriately. Nevertheless, we have shown that such a strategy has the potential to safely prolong pregnancy, potentially by weeks, in the setting of severe preterm disease. We have also followed women and their offspring now for 3–8 years following treatments, and no adverse events related to the intra-partum interventions were noted. Clinical trials are now underway to examine the utility of both selective and semi-selective removal strategies, and in the coming years we believe such a strategy will be available for women with this devastating condition.
RCAS1 protein is expressed in multiple normal tissues and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus.

3296 Previous reports on RCAS1 (also known as EBAG9) have shown expression and upregulation in multiple human cancers. A number of these reports have indicated a positive correlation with the level of RCAS1 expression on the tumor cells and their clinical stage. In this work, we show that RCAS1 is also expressed in multiple normal human tissues. These include spleen, lung, kidney, testis, stomach, pancreas and liver at levels seen similar to those of the RCAS1 positive cancers. Expression of RCAS1 is almost all confined to the inside of the cell from the staining pattern of intact and permeabilized cells. Furthermore, there is no increased apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes in RCAS1-positive mass of tumor cells as measured by TUNEL staining. The reported increase of soluble RCAS1 (in the form of RCAS1-GST) binding to activated T lymphocytes is only in the order of 5 to 10 percent over the level of resting cells and the same lymphocyte population seems to express its own endogenous RCAS1. The role of RCAS1 in cancer and normal cells merits a closer examination.
Parenting of Infants and Toddlers

Parenting tasks change in relation to children’s developing abilities. This chapter considers parenting changes during the substantial period of children’s growth from birth to age three. The chapter reviews theories of parenting, and then considers developmental tasks and challenges of parenting in three broad domains: providing physical care and safety, structure and limits, and socialization. The chapter considers the parenting challenge of how to identify and respond to young children’s developmentally changing needs. It also considers the challenge of dealing with individual differences in children, particularly temperament characteristics. Almost all of the research on parenting focuses on basic care and socialization during the typical situations of daytime, such as eating, exploring, maintaining safety, and playing. However, this chapter also considers research that has begun to emerge on parenting in the context of dealing with children’s need for sleep. Finally, the chapter considers suggestions for future research and implications for policy and practice.
CORALS: Who Are My Potential New Customers? Tapping into the Wisdom of Customers' Decisions

Identifying and recommending potential new customers for local businesses are crucial to the survival and success of local businesses. A key component to identifying the right customers is to understand the decision-making process of choosing a business over the others. However, modeling this process is an extremely challenging task as a decision is influenced by multiple factors. These factors include but are not limited to an individual's taste or preference, the location accessibility of a business, and the reputation of a business from social media. Most of the recommender systems lack the power to integrate multiple factors together and are hardly extensible to accommodate new incoming factors. In this paper, we introduce a unified framework, CORALS, which considers the personal preferences of different customers, the geographical influence, and the reputation of local businesses in the customer recommendation task. To evaluate the proposed model, we conduct a series of experiments to extensively compare with 12 state-of-the-art methods using two real-world datasets. The results demonstrate that CORALS outperforms all these baselines by a significant margin in most scenarios. In addition to identifying potential new customers, we also break down the analysis for different types of businesses to evaluate the impact of various factors that may affect customers' decisions. This information, in return, provides a great resource for local businesses to adjust their advertising strategies and business services to attract more prospective customers.
New properties of mammalian cells transformed by herpes simplex and cytomegaloviruses.

The relationship of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and cytomegaloviruses (CMV) to human neoplasia has been difficult to assess. On the basis of seroepidemiological evidence, HSV type 2 has been associated with the etiology of squamous cervical carcinoma (1–5). Women with cervical carcinoma have increased frequency of antibodies to HSV-2 than do controls matched for race, age, and socioeconomic level. The percentages vary considerably from study to study, but this may be due to the use of different serological techniques (a very serious and confusing problem) in determining antibody titers.
Defense against PUE Attacks in DSA Networks Using GAN Based Learning

Primary user emulation (PUE) attacks can pose a significant threat to the deployment of a robust cognitive radio network implementing dynamic spectrum access, for an intelligent allocation and usage of already crowded spectrum bands. In this paper, we present a solution towards the PUE attacks. We present two generative adversarial net (GAN) based models to successfully emulate the primary users (PUs) in two ways. We propose a (i) dumb generator model without any "prior" knowledge of PU's feature space, (ii) a smart generator model with some "prior" knowledge about PU's transmission. We also propose two deep neural network based discriminator models to discriminate between the PU and the emulated primary users (EPU) from the corresponding generators. Both the generator and discriminator of each GAN model gets smarter with iterative and sequential GAN training. Through a testbed evaluation, we show that discriminators are able to catch ~50% of PUE attackers without the GAN training during the deployment phase. We also observe 100% accuracy for both the GAN models during training phase. Ultimately, after the GAN training, the discriminators achieved 98% and 99.5% accuracies, for dumb and smart generator models respectively, to distinguish "yet to be seen" PUE attacker.
The influence of Zn2+ on stress corrosion cracking severity in a highly sensitised Al–Mg alloy

Recent work has indicated that a galvanic as well as chemical protection mechanism may control the intergranular stress corrosioncracking (IG-SCC) mitigation achieved by Zn-rich primers on Al-Mg al...
The Effect of Home Country Natural Disasters on the Academic Outcomes of Immigrant Students in New York City

This paper estimates the impact of home country natural disasters on the academic performance of immigrant students in New York City public schools. It provides credible evidence of these effects b...
Correlating the influence of porosity, tortuosity, and mass loading on the energy density of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathodes under extreme fast charging (XFC) conditions

Abstract Extreme fast charging capabilities along with high energy density of Li-ion batteries are the key factors to increase the adoption of electric vehicles while eliminating the problem of range anxiety. The U.S Department of Energy has a goal of 200 Wh kg−1. A combined improvement in the electrode architecture, electrolyte properties, and separator membrane is necessary to achieve this goal. Cells with thin electrodes are capable of extreme fast charging at the expense of low energy density and high cost. Electrode engineering can maximize energy density. Here, the influence of porosity, mass loading and charging protocols on capacity and energy density and electrode kinetics are investigated under extreme fast charging conditions. Increasing the mass loading from 11.5 mg cm−2 to 25 mg cm−2 compromises the rate performance due to the mass transport limitation and underutilization of thick electrodes. Reducing the electrode porosity from 50% to 35% improves the rate performance ascribed to shorter Li ion diffusion length. Symmetric cells are cycled to verify the performance of the half cells, suggesting that Li metal plating is the rate limiting step under high current density.
Secondary Virtuality, the Anamorphosis of Projective Geometry

It is tempting to construct theory about the Other using binary oppositions. Lacanian psychoanalysis avoids this by stressing the geometry of the Borromeo knot, whose three rings embody both sequen...
Effects of Proactive Explanations by Robots on Human-Robot Trust

The performance of human-robot teams depends on human-robot trust, which in turn depends on appropriate robot-to-human transparency. A key way for robots to build trust through transparency is by providing appropriate explanations for their actions. While most previous work on robot explanation generation has focused on robots’ ability to provide post-hoc explanations upon request, in this paper we instead examine proactive explanations generated before actions are taken, and the effect this has on human-robot trust. Our results suggest a positive relationship between proactive explanations and human-robot trust, and reveal fundamental new questions into the effects of proactive explanations on the nature of humans’ mental models and the fundamental nature of human-robot trust.
Haemosporidian infection does not alter aerobic performance in the Pink-sided Junco (Junco hyemalis mearnsi)

Avian haemosporidia are blood parasites that can have dramatic fitness consequences on their hosts, including largescale population declines when introduced to naive hosts. Yet the physiological effects that accompany haemosporidian infection and underlie these fitness decrements are poorly characterized in most wild birds. Because haemosporidia destroy host red blood cells and consume host hemoglobin, they are predicted to have detrimental impacts on avian blood-oxygen transport and, as a result, reduce aerobic performance. However, the documented effects of infection on avian hematological traits vary across species and no effects have been demonstrated on avian aerobic performance to date. Here we quantified the physiological effects of haemosporidian infections on wild 9Pink-sided9 Juncos (Junco hyemalis mearnsi) breeding in northwestern Wyoming, USA. We assayed hematological traits (hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit) and aerobic performance (resting and summit metabolic rates, thermogenic endurance, and aerobic scope), then screened individuals for haemosporidian infection post-hoc (n = 106 adult juncos). We found that infection status did not correlate with any of the physiological indices that we measured, suggesting there is little cost of haemosporidian infection on either junco aerobic performance or energy budgets. Our results highlight the need for more studies of haemosporidia infections in a broader range of species and in a wider array of environmental contexts.
Beliefs in government benevolence can promote individuals' compliance with government‐issued guidelines: The role of positive affect and general construal level

As the U.S. and the world continues to grapple with the health and economic damages caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is vital to understand the correlates of individuals' compliance with the U.S. CDC's (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) guidelines for this pandemic to aid the country's recovery from this crisis and shed light on risk mitigation in future crises. The present research examines why some individuals complied with the CDC's COVID‐19 guidelines to a greater extent than others during the first wave of the pandemic in the U.S. We propose the model grounded in the beliefs‐affect‐engagement framework and integrate research on benevolence and construal level theory to provide an explanation. In a two‐wave survey study conducted in March–April 2020, we found that the beliefs in the U.S. federal government's benevolence held by individuals with high general construal levels were positively related to the extent to which they complied with the CDC's COVID‐19 guidelines, in part due to their positive affect;however, among individuals with low general construal levels, their beliefs in the U.S. federal government's benevolence were not predictive of their compliance. Based on our findings, we discuss theoretical implications and practical insights about facilitative factors for public compliance with government‐issued guidelines during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Applied Social Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Building a Model of Technology Preference: The Case of Channel Choices

Intention theories, such as the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), have been widely adopted to explain information system usage. These theories, however, do not explicitly consider the availability of alternative systems that users may have access to and may have a preference for. Recent calls for advancing knowledge in technology acceptance have included the examination of selection among competing channels and extending the investigation beyond adoption of a single technology. In this study, we provide a theoretical extension to the TAM by integrating preferential decision knowledge to its constructs. The concept of Attitude-Based Preference and Attribute-Based Preference are introduced to produce a new intention model, namely the Model of Technology Preference (MTP). MTP was validated in the context of alternative behaviors in adopting two service channels: one a technology-based online store and the other a traditional brick-and-mortar store. A sample of 320 responses was used to run a structural equation model. Empirical results show that MTP is a powerful predictor of alternative behaviors. Furthermore, in the context of service channel selection, incorporating preferential decision knowledge into intention models can be used to develop successful business strategies.
Towards automatic generation of semantic types in scientific workflows

Scientific workflow systems are problem-solving environments that allow scientists to automate and reproduce data management and analysis tasks. Workflow components include actors (e.g., queries, transformations, analyses, simulations, visualizations), and datasets which are produced and consumed by actors. The increasing number of such components creates the problem of discovering suitable components and of composing them to form the desired scientific workflow. In previous work we proposed the use of semantic types (annotations relative to an ontology) to solve these problems. Since creating semantic types can be complex and time-consuming, scalability of the approach becomes an issue. In this paper we propose a framework to automatically derive semantic types from a (possibly small) number of initial types. Our approach propagates the given semantic types through workflow steps whose input and output data structures are related via query expressions. By propagating semantic types, we can significantly reduce the effort required to annotate datasets and components and even derive new “candidate axioms” for inclusion in annotation ontologies.
A Multimodal Interface Framework for Using Hand Gestures and Speech in Virtual Environment Applications

Recent approaches to providing users with a more natural method of interacting with virtual environment applications have shown that more than one mode of input can be both beneficial and intuitive as a communication medium between humans and computer applications. Hand gestures and speech appear to be two of the most logical since users will typically be in environments that will have them immersed in a virtual world with limited access to traditional input devices such as the keyboard or the mouse. In this paper, we describe an ongoing research project to develop multimodal interfaces that incorporate 3D hand gestures and speech in virtual environments.
Why Public Reason? Citizens’ Reasons and the Constitution of the Public Sphere

Some have recently argued that the ideal of public reason not only accords insufficient respect or freedom to some citizens, including some religious citizens, but in addition, it is superfluous. It is enough, according to Jeffrey Stout, Gerald Gaus, and others, if citizens converge on shared principles of justice. No practical purpose is served by the project of seeking to secure consensus on a common, public justification for such principles (what Rawls would call a shared “political conception”). This paper seeks to make the case that seeking to secure a common justification for our most basic principles does serve a variety of practical imperatives. These include greater guidance for public officials charged with interpreting and applying the principles, and greater stability based on deeper mutual assurance of our shared moral commitment to principles of justice. In addition, a shared moral justification can be expected to play an educative role over the course of time. I argue that all of these consequences are most important for the least well off (and most vulnerable) in society, who benefit most from the greater assurance that their fellow citizens are committed to justice.
Giving Up god to Find God: Breaking Free of Idolatry

In this inspirational book, Kerry Walters names today's "golden calves"--the idols we mistake for God, that keep us from knowing God truly. These idols include the "genie god," "big brother god," "patriot god," the "wecan-do-it! god," "by-the-book god," "my god," and others we have been taught or found in modern life. The more idols we recognize and remove from our interior shrines, Walters shows us, the more space we have for the real God, and for the spiritual values that make a difference in our lives and world.
Currency diversification and export competitiveness: A model of the ‘Dutch disease’ in Egypt☆

Abstract The paper presents a dynamic portfolio model under currency inconvertibility which rationalizes the recent Egyptian experience of real exchange rate appreciation and currency diversification following the increase in oil exports and the partial financial liberalization that took place after 1976. The two shocks are linked because the relative price of manufacturing exports in terms of oil is also the premium of the ‘gray’ market rate over the official exchange rate. The effects of various official exchange rate policies on the temporary equilibrium values of the premium and the real wage and on the steady-state values of asset stocks are examined. A review of the Egyptian experience in light of the model results suggests that the unification of 1979 was ineffective against this variant of the ‘Dutch disease’ but that the restoration in 1981 of a parallel rate closer to the ‘gray’ market rate applicable to competitive exports may be more effective.
Research on calculated method of linear programming based on symbolic arithmetic

This paper researched the method for solving linear programming problems based on Symbolic arithmetic based on MATLAB, and proposed the implementation of the simplex method and dual simplex method algorithm, and studied test Conditions of multiple optimal linear programming solution.
Emblematic Gestures (Emblems)

One type of gesture occurs independent of speech and conveys verbal meaning without words. These gestures are known as symbolic gestures, emblematic gestures, or emblems. Just as every culture has its own verbal language, every culture also develops its own emblem vocabulary in gestures. Although the meaning and function of emblems are similar across cultures, their form is different. Thus, emblematic gestures are culture specific (and some are gender specific within cultures). This is true not only of national cultures but also of organizational cultures (e.g., the military, sports teams). Unlike illustrators, emblems can stand on their own without speech and convey verbal meaning, such as the American A-OK sign, the peace sign (two fingers up, palm facing outward), or OK (thumb up, hand in fist). Many of the emblems of most cultures are devoted to insults or obscenities. Emblems are true body language, with clear verbal meanings, for good or bad. Keywords: non-verbal communication
Transport layer issues in delay tolerant mobile networks

The tremendous increase in wireless devices and user mobility have ultimately resulted in a new set of networking challenges that previously did not exist. Some of these challenges include large delays, intermittent connectivity and most importantly, the absence of an end-to-end path from sources to destinations. Networks characterized by one or more of these challenges are called Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). Researchers have studied DTNs with a major focus on routing issues in such extreme environments. As a result, in this paper, we shift this focus towards addressing and studying transport layer issues in extreme networking environments. We particularly concentrate on investigating and comparing several reliability approaches in a specific category of DTNs known as Delay Tolerant Mobile Networks (DTMNs). We present four different reliability approaches in DTMNs. We also evaluate these approaches under various network conditions via simulation. Our goals from this study are to examine the impact of these reliability approaches, understand the tradeoffs between them, and open the way for further work in transport layer issues in delay tolerant networks.
The Role of Foxi Family Transcription Factors in the Development of the Ear and Jaw

The mammalian outer, middle, and inner ears have different embryonic origins and evolved at different times in the vertebrate lineage. The outer ear is derived from first and second branchial arch ectoderm and mesoderm, the middle ear ossicles are derived from neural crest mesenchymal cells that invade the first and second branchial arches, whereas the inner ear and its associated vestibule-acoustic (VIIIth) ganglion are derived from the otic placode. In this chapter, we discuss recent findings in the development of these structures and describe the contributions of members of a Forkhead transcription factor family, the Foxi family to their formation. Foxi transcription factors are critical for formation of the otic placode, survival of the branchial arch neural crest, and developmental remodeling of the branchial arch ectoderm.
Precision cancer mouse models through genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9

The cancer genome is highly complex, with hundreds of point mutations, translocations, and chromosome gains and losses per tumor. To understand the effects of these alterations, precise models are needed. Traditional approaches to the construction of mouse models are time-consuming and laborious, requiring manipulation of embryonic stem cells and multiple steps. The recent development of the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, a powerful genome-editing tool for efficient and precise genome engineering in cultured mammalian cells and animals, is transforming mouse-model generation. Here, we review how CRISPR-Cas9 has been used to create germline and somatic mouse models with point mutations, deletions and complex chromosomal rearrangements. We highlight the progress and challenges of such approaches, and how these models can be used to understand the evolution and progression of individual tumors and identify new strategies for cancer treatment. The generation of precision cancer mouse models through genome editing will provide a rapid avenue for functional cancer genomics and pave the way for precision cancer medicine.
A Simplified Phase Model for Oscillator Based Computing

Building oscillator based computing systems with emerging nano-device technologies has become a promising solution for unconventional computing tasks like computer vision and pattern recognition. However, simulation and analysis of these systems is both time and compute intensive due to the nonlinearity of new devices and the complex behavior of coupled oscillators. In order to speed up the simulation of coupled oscillator systems, we propose a simplified phase model to perform phase and frequency synchronization prediction based on a synthesis of earlier models. Our model can predict the frequency locking behavior with several orders of magnitude speedup compared to direct evaluation, enabling the effective and efficient simulation of the large numbers of oscillators required for practical computing systems.
Beam coupling impedances of obstacles protruding into beam pipe

The beam coupling impedances of small obstacles protruding inside the vacuum chamber of an accelerator are calculated analytically at frequencies for which the wavelength is large compared to a typical size of the obstacle. Simple formulas for a few important particular cases, including both essentially three-dimensional objects like a post or a mask and axisymmetric irises, are presented. The analytical results are compared and agree with three-dimensional computer simulations. These results allow simple practical estimates of the broad-band impedance contributions from such discontinuities.
H1N1 influenza, public health preparedness, and health care reform.

In December 2009, the Department of Health and Human Services will present to Congress its first-ever national health security strategy. Dr. Nicole Lurie writes that national health security will not be achievable without key elements of reform.
Design of optical triangulation devices

Abstract This paper presents the derivation of the precise relation between the displacement of a light spot on an object's surface and the displacement of its image on the detector in an optical triangulation device, along with applications of the design of triangulation devices. Based on this relation, improved designs of optical triangulation devices, including devices of adjustable configurations, are proposed and discussed.
A location-aware framework for intelligent real-time mobile applications

The Location-Aware Information Systems Client (LAISYC) supports intelligent, real-time, mobile applications for GPS-enabled mobile phones by dynamically adjusting platform parameters for application performance while conserving device resources such as battery life.
Overexpression of ovine insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates autonomous autocrine or paracrine growth in bovine mammary-derived epithelial cells

To test the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) affects the growth of bovine mammary epithelial cells through an autocrine and/or paracrine pathway, a cell line (MD-IGF-I) was originated from MAC-T cells by cotransfection with a construct containing the cDNA for an ovine exon 2-encoded prepro-IGF-I under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat promoter. Clone MD-IGF-I contained multiple copies of the plasmid integrated into the genome, expressed the highest level of IGF-I mRNA, and secreted radioimmunoactive IGF-I into the medium. The mitogenic activity of MD-IGF-I cells was stimulated 80% by dexamethasone (DEX). The total DNA in MD-IGF-I cells was 2.5-fold higher than that in parental MAC-T cells in the presence of DEX. Conditioned medium from MD-IGF-I cells, induced with DEX, stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of MAC-T cells and uninduced MD-IGF-I cells. These data provide evidence that IGF-I was secreted into medium by MD-IGF-I cells. It is suggested that IGF-I can stimulate the growth of mammary epithelial cells by an autocrine and/or paracrine mode of action. The MD-IGF-I cell line may be a suitable system to study translational and posttranslational modifications of IGF-I peptides.
Hepatic venous outflow obstruction in paediatric liver transplantation.

Introduction Vascular complications after orthotopic split liver transplantation in children result in significant post-operative complications.
Molecular structure of the human alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene

The structure and nucleotide sequence of an allele at the ADH1 locus have been determined. The nucleotide sequence of this allele is identical to that of a cDNA clone [(1986) Biochemistry 25, 2465-2470] and the intron positions of the ADH1 gene are identical to that of the ADH2 gene [(1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 2027-2033].
Orbit design based on global maps of telecom metrics

This paper describes a tool to aid orbit design called the Telecom Orbit Analysis and Simulation Tool (TOAST). By specifying the six orbital elements of an orbit, a time frame of interest, a horizon mask angle, and some telecom parameters such as transmitter power, frequency, antenna gains, antenna losses, required link margin, and received threshold powers for the rates, TOAST enables the user to view orbit performance as animations of two- or three-dimensional telecom metrics at any point on the planet (i.e., on global planetary maps). Supported metrics include: (i) number of contacts; (ii) total contact duration; (iii) maximum communication gap; (iv) maximum supportable rate; and (v) return data volume at a best single rate or with an adaptive rate, along with; (vi) the orbiter's footprint and (vii) local solar times. Unlike other existing tools, which generally provide geometry, view periods and link analysis for an orbiter with respect to a single location on the planet, TOAST generates telecom performance metrics over the entire planet. The added capabilities provide the user an extra degree of freedom in analyzing orbits and enable the user to focus on meeting specific mission requirements, such as what data rates can be supported, what data volume can be expected, and what the time gap will be between communication periods. Although TOAST can be used to study and select orbits about any planet, we describe here its use for missions to Mars. TOAST is being used to analyze candidate orbits for the 2009 Mars Telecommunications Orbiter mission. Telecom predicts generated by TOAST for MTO orbit candidates are laying a foundation for selecting the MTO service orbit. This paper presents numerical simulations and telecom predicts for four candidate MTO orbits.
A Self-Routing Benes Network and Parallel Permutation Algorithms

A Benes permutation network capable of setting its own switches dynamically is presented. The total switch setting and delay time for the N input utput self-routing network is O(log N). It is shown that the network is capable of performing a rich class of permutations. The self-routing scheme leads to efficient O(log N) parallel algorithms to perform the same class of permutations on cube connected and perfect shuffle computers.
Celiac disease patients presenting with anemia have more severe disease than those presenting with diarrhea.

Background & Aims Anemia is considered to be an atypical or silent presentation of celiac disease, compared with the classic presentation with diarrhea. However, little information is available about how these groups compare in terms of disease severity. We compared the severity of celiac disease between patients who present with anemia vs those who present with diarrhea. Methods The study cohort was selected from a database of patients with celiac disease who were evaluated at a tertiary referral center between 1990 and 2011. Severity of celiac disease was assessed by the degree of villous atrophy and clinical and serologic parameters. Patients were compared according to mode of presentation and sex. Multivariable analyses, adjusting for age and sex, were conducted to assess the association between the mode of celiac disease presentation and cholesterol level, bone density, severity of villous atrophy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and level of anti–tissue transglutaminase. Results Of 727 patients, 77% presented with diarrhea and 23% with anemia (92% iron deficient). On multiple regression analysis, presentation with anemia was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol ( P = .02) and high-density lipoprotein ( P = .002) and a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( P = .001) and level of anti–tissue transglutaminase ( P = .01). Presentation with anemia was associated with lower level of cholesterol only in women. Anemic patients were more than 2-fold more likely to have severe villous atrophy and a low bone mass density at the time they were diagnosed with celiac disease than patients who presented with diarrhea. Conclusions Celiac disease patients who present with anemia have more severe disease than those who present with diarrhea. There also appear to be sex-specific differences with regard to the association between anemia and the different features of celiac disease.
SIMULATION OF HALOCARBON PRODUCTION AND EMISSIONS AND EFFECTS ON OZONE DEPLETION

This paper describes an integrated model that simulates future halocarbon production/emissions and potential ozone depletion. Applications and historical production levels for various halocarbons are discussed first. A framework is then presented for modeling future halocarbon impacts incorporating differences in underlying demands, applications, regulatory mandates, and environmental characteristics. The model is used to simulate the potential impacts of several prominent issues relating to halocarbon production, regulation, and environmental interactions, notably changes in agricultural methyl bromide use, increases in effectiveness of bromide for ozone depletion, modifications to the elimination schedule for HCFCs, short-term expansion of CFC demand in low use compliance countries, and delays in Russian Federation compliance. Individually, each issue does not unequivocally represent a significant likely increase in long-term atmospheric halogen loading and stratospheric ozone depletion. In combination, however, these impacts could increase peak halogen concentrations and long-term integral halogen loading, resulting in higher levels of stratospheric ozone depletion and longer exposure to increased levels of UV radiation.
A cell membrane-associated lectin of the oyster hemocyte

Abstract The presence of a lectin in association with hemocytes of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, has been demonstrated by utilizing a microhemagglutination assay. The plasma membrane association of this lectin is shown by its copurification with the plasma membrane fraction of disrupted hemocytes, using sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and also by the binding of 125I-labeled glycoproteins to intact hemocytes at 4°C. Based upon agglutinating spcificity for a range of vertebrate erythrocytes, both untreated and enzyme-treated, along with hemagglutination-inhibition assays and crossed-absorption tests, it is apparent that there are also two serum (soluble) lectins, each having a distinct serological agglutination specificity, and that the hemocyte membrane-associated lectin has a specificity that is identical with one of these two serum lectins. It is proposed that the hemocyte membrane-associated lectin may be a true integral membrane protein, and therefore may function as a membrane receptor in nonself recognition by molluscan hemocytes.
Three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Because innovations in radiation treatment planning have dramatically improved the precision of external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer with the advent of conformal three-dimensional conformal therapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy, similar developments are emerging for prostate brachytherapy. Computer software programs are facilitating the ability to rapidly create conformal treatment plans in the operating room, taking into account the threedimensional reconstruction of the prostate target and adhering to dose-volume constraints of the normal tissues including the urethra and rectum. Although excellent dose distributions can be achieved with pre-planning techniques, intraoperative planning takes into account the intraoperative geometry of the prostate and the surrounding normal tissues and can consistently produce seed implants with reduced urethral and rectal doses while delivering the intended prescription dose to the target volume. Current developments are pursuing methods to dynamically modify the treatment plan as the implant procedure is ongoing based on the coordinates of the deposited seeds. Such approaches will minimize the possibility of tumor underdosage and further enhance the conformality of prostate brachytherapy.
Agreement Between Descriptive and Experimental Analyses of Behavior under Naturalistic Test Conditions

We compared the results of a contingency space analysis (CSA) of behavior-consequence recordings to the results of functional analysis (FA) test conditions involving antecedent stimuli and verbal statements that both differed from and mimicked those in the natural environment. Three preschool children with autism spectrum disorder participated. During Phase I, we identified teacher-delivered consequences that were contingent on problem behavior from observational data. During Phase II, each child participated in FA test conditions conducted by their teacher or a same-sex experimenter in an ABA reversal design. Two Experimenter FA conditions were identical to the Teacher FA, with an additional condition involving a different task, demands, and verbal statements. Teacher FAs revealed a clear function for problem behavior for two children, whereas the Experimenter FA was undifferentiated. The reverse pattern was observed for the third child. Results of the CSAs were consistent with the Teacher FAs for two children. Implications for generalizing the outcomes of analog FA test conditions are discussed.
Air cooling limits of 3D stacked logic processor and memory dies

Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) enable 3D stack of logic processor and memory dies with significant improvement in latency and energy efficiency of large memory-bound computations. However, additional layers of memory die increase IC package thermal resistance. Thermal management has been identified as a key challenge to achieve high computation power and memory density in the same package. In this paper we present a numerical study on temperature mapping of 3D stacked dies in air-cooled package. We consider DRAM based memory with low power, mid power, and high power logic processors. We study the effect of logic processor power and number of memory dies on the temperature profile. This study provides thermally viable design space of compute-power to memory-size.
Predicting four types of service needs in older adults

Abstract Logistic regression analysis was used to predict four service need variables. A sample of nearly 5000 older Missourians were assessed on a comprehensive set of variables, representing all of the categories of the behavioral model. Variables in the behavioral model predicted perceived need for frail elderly services better than they predicted unmet need for frail elderly services, perceived need for community services, and unmet need for community services. Health need variables were better predictors of all of the service need variables than predisposing or enabling variables. Although the inclusion of interaction terms in the prediction models did not increase model fit, some of the interaction terms were significant and helped to clarify the relationship between certain predictor variables and the four service need variables.
Relationships of Legal Reasoning to Social Class, Closeness to Parents, and Exposure to a High Level of Reasoning among Adolescents Varying in Seriousness of Delinquency

Summary.-The present research examined the relationships of legal reasoning to social class, closeness to parents, and exposure to a high level of reasoning by a group of adolescents varying in seriousness of delinquency. Subjects were 266 white males, aged 14 to 16 yr., each of whom had been arrested for a minor offense but who ranged from infrequent to repeated offenders. They were randomly assigned to one of two court programs % to 1 hr. long. After parricipation, approximately equal numbers in the program which gave exposure to a high level of legal reasoning (n = 98) and the one that did not (n = 103) agreed to a voluntary interview. Participants in the two programs did not differ in their post-program reasoning level on Tapp and Levine's scale, even though one group had been exposed to much reasoning. Social class (Hollingshead's Two-factor Index) was positively but weakly related to reasoning level but not to closeness to parents (Hirschi scale). The findings conuadict the use of legal socialization theory as a basis for short court programs or to explain the more serious, repeated delinquency of youths of the lower class and without closeness to parents. The concept of legal reasoning is of both theoretical and practical interest as it pertains to juvenile delinquency. Legal reasoning, a three-staged cognitive ability to make judgments about moral issues concerning the lam (Tapp & Levine, 1974), is a specific form of moral reasoning (Kohlberg, 1958). Like moral reasoning, the stages are, from the least to the most ad- vanced: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. According to legal socialization theory, lower-class membership, lack of closeness to patents, and absence of exposure to high reasoning levels are associated with preconventional reasoning that results in repeated delinquency. Preconventional reasoning and the serious delinquency should be concentrated among lowerclass youths and those lacking closeness to parents. Moreover, exposure to high levels of legal reasoning in juvenile court programs would be negatively associated with preconvemional reasoning. Because there is little research on the specific concept of legal reasoning, studies of the related concepts of moral and political reasoning often ate used to provide evidence to support legal socialization theory. There is some evidence that high levels of moral and political reasoning ate related to high social
Kinetics and equilibria associated with the absorption and desorption of water and lithium chloride in an ethylene—vinyl alcohol copolymer

Abstract Sorption and desorption equilibria and kinetics for LiCl and H2O in an ethylene—vinyl alcohol copolymer film containing 70 mole percent vinyl alcohol were investigated at 25°C. The swelling behavior of water in the polymer was characterized by vapor and liquid sorption experiments over a range of water activities. p]The effects of LiCl content on the water sorption kinetics and equilibria in the films are presented and discussed. The kinetics and mechanism of LiCl sorption have also been studied. The amount of salt sorbed into the polymeric films increases linearly with the salt concentration in the external aqueous solutions. Both the rate and the amount of sorbed water increase significantly as the LiCl content increases. p]The desorption of LiCl, previously sorbed into the polymer, was characterized for different salt loadings. The rate of fractional salt release is independent of LiCl concentration in the film. Initially, the salt release is controlled by the nearly constant-rate absorption of water. The salt release, at long times, lags behind the swelling-controlled water uptake, indicating that the salt release is not completely controlled by the water sorption and that diffusion in the swollen polymer matrix contributes significantly to the long term elution of LiCl. Independent thermal analysis experiments suggest the formation of a metal salt—poly(ethylene—vinyl alcohol) complex.
Growth Hormone Release in Hypertensive Adolescents Treated with Clonidine

The release of the growth hormone in the basal state and in response to strenuous exercise was studied in a group of 15 hypertensive adolescents receiving clonidine therapy and in a control group of 17 untreated adolescents of which ten were hypertensive volunteers and seven were health normotensive volunteers. Mean basal growth hormone in clonidine-treated adolescents was 2.8 +/- 0.50 S.E.M. ng/ml, compared to 2.7 +/- 0.48 ng/ml in untreated adolescents. Following exercise stimulation, mean growth hormone was 14.8 +/- 3..1 S.E.M. ng/ml in the treated group and 13.5 +/- 2.8 ng/ml in the untreated group. Growth hormone release is regulated by alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Clonidine acts centrally by alpha-adrenergic stimulation. However, this study demonstrates no effect of chronic clonidine therapy on growth hormone release.
Rhenium and molybdenum coatings for dendritic tungsten armors of plasma facing components: Concept, problems, and solutions

Abstract Fusion technology development requires materials resistant to heat, erosion and activation. Tungsten (W) could fulfill these requirements for plasma facing components of fusion power plants. A method developed by SNL to enhance the thermal and dimensional stability of W requires depositing a thin coating on the surface of dendritic W armors for IFE plasma facing components. This paper examines the waste disposal rating (WDR) associated with the activation of thin coatings of Re and Mo on the ARIES-ACT W-based divertor. Our results indicate that Re coatings must be limited to fewer than 30 μm in order to classify the Re/W-based divertor as low-level waste (LLW). Mo coatings that are larger than a few microns thick exceed the LLW disposal limit. It is recommended that, in addition to limiting the Mo thickness to 25 μm, natural Mo should be tailored to remove the Mo-94, Mo-98, and Mo-100 isotopes in order to reduce the WDR of the Mo/W-based divertor below the LLW disposal limit. If the isotopic tailoring process is inefficient or costly, SNL could focus their effort on the further development of the Re dendrite coating while Mo experiments would be regarded as a comparative study only.
Collecting medieval manuscripts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to attempt to explore the basics of the collection of medieval manuscripts by institutions by outlining some of the basic principles, challenges, and innovations in the realm of medieval manuscript collection.Design/methodology/approach – Medieval manuscripts involve both curation and librarianship in every step of collection management. Few fields of librarianship involve such fragmented history. This paper explores this fragmentation and demonstrates the intricacies and diversity involved in the collection process. Finally, it examines some collaborative options for institutions to effectively collect together.Findings – Institutions can effectively collaborate in medieval manuscript acquisition.Practical implications – Institutions may be able to institute similar programs as those used in the case studies.Originality/value – It is more important than ever to maintain quality collections on smaller budgets. These findings can assist institutions in acquiring high ...