cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and modeling of a crowdsource-enabled system for urban parcel relay and delivery

Abstract This paper proposes a crowdsource-enabled system for urban parcel relay and delivery. We consider cyclists and pedestrians as crowdsources who are close to customers and interested in relaying parcels with a truck carrier and undertaking jobs for the last-leg parcel delivery and the first-leg parcel pickup. The crowdsources express their interests in doing so by submitting bids to the truck carrier. The truck carrier then selects bids and coordinates crowdsources’ last-leg delivery (first-leg pickup) with its truck operations. The truck carrier's problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program which simultaneously i) selects crowdsources to complete the last-leg delivery (first-leg pickup) between customers and selected points for crowdsource-truck relay; and ii) determines the relay points and truck routes and schedule. To solve the truck carrier problem, we first decompose the problem into a winner determination problem and a simultaneous pickup and delivery problem with soft time windows, and propose a Tabu Search based algorithm to iteratively solve the two subproblems. Numerical results show that this solution approach is able to yield close-to-optimum solutions with much less time than using off-the-shelf solvers. By adopting this new system, truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and total cost can be reduced compared to pure-truck delivery. The advantage of the system over pure-truck delivery is sensitive to factors such as penalty for servicing outside customers’ desired time windows, truck unit operating cost, time value of crowdsources, and the crowdsource mode.
Landing strips: Model development for estimating body surface area of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

• The model 13.9W 0.61 can accurately estimate BSA of juvenile Atlantic salmon (21.83-1115.84 g).
The impact of direct and indirect feedback on the development of Spanish aspect

ABSTRACTThis study explores the impact of direct and indirect feedback on the improvement of Spanish past aspect (imperfect/preterit) in writing activities in a third-semester Spanish course. Ninety learners were divided into three groups: direct feedback, indirect feedback, and control (no feedback). Learners completed a pretest, a posttest, and a delayed posttest. Although it remains unclear which type of feedback is more effective, results indicate that both types improved preterit–imperfect performance. As the delayed posttest showed, however, learners exhibited more lasting improvement (as indicated by the delayed posttest) when working on the production Activity than on the terminology and selection activities.
Hybrid plasmonic-dielectric metamaterials for enhanced nonlinear response

Since its discovery in the 1960s, nonlinear optics has revolutionized optical technologies and laser industry. Development of efficient nanoscale nonlinear sources will pave the way for new applications in photonic circuitry, quantum optics and biosensing. However, nonlinear signal generation at dimensions smaller than the wavelength of light brings new challenges. These include the reduced light-matter interaction volume, mode overlap and increased losses. Here, we develop hybrid plasmonic – dielectric metamaterials that overcome these limitations and show a dramatic increase of the efficiency of nonlinear optical response at the nanoscale.
Individual differences in perceptual abilities in medical imaging: the Vanderbilt Chest Radiograph Test

Radiologists make many important decisions when detecting nodules on chest radiographs. While training can result in high levels of performance of this task, there could be individual differences in relevant perceptual abilities that are present pre-training. A pre-requisite to address this question is a valid and reliable measure of such abilities. The present work introduces a new measure, the Vanderbilt Chest Radiograph Test (VCRT), which aims to quantify individual differences in perceptual abilities for radiograph-related decision-making in novices. We validate the relevance of the test to diagnostic imaging by verifying radiologists’ superior performance on the test compared to novices’. The final VCRT version produces scores with acceptable internal consistency. Then, we investigate how the VCRT can be used in future research by evaluating how the test relates to extant measures of face and object recognition ability. We find that the VCRT shares a small but significant portion of its variance with a measure of novel object recognition, suggesting that some aspect of VCRT performance is driven by a domain-general visual ability.
Performing Power: Gender, Authority and Catholicism in Anna’s English Masques

Anna’s masques, which at times weave Catholicism into their symbolic economy even as they deploy subversive representations of female power, played into societal fears at a particularly unstable and potentially dangerous time in terms of Jacobean religious politics. This chapter examines five of Anna’s significant early masques (A Vision of Twelve Goddesses, The Masque of Blackness, The Masque of Beauty, The Masque of Queens, and Tethys’ Festival), considering the ways in which these masques depict female power, the female body and, ultimately, the queen herself. In addition, the chapter considers how the combined threat of the powerful female and the Catholic sovereign elide in Anna’s court entertainments.
Timolol for Treatment of Recalcitrant Pyogenic Granulomas: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

Importance: Pyogenic Granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular tumor that forms commonly on the face, oral mucosa, or a site of previous injury. Though some PGs resolve spontaneously, most require some-to-multiple form(s) of treatment to prevent bleeding, ulceration, and scarring. Current treatment options for PGs include cryotherapy, laser, electrodessication, curettage or shave excision, sclerotherapy, corticosteroid injections, and imiquimod 5% cream. Timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution has been used as a noninvasive topical treatment for PG in the pediatric population. Objective: To present a case of successful treatment of a recalcitrant PG with topical timolol, and to report on the current literature for similar cases. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 40-year-old healthy female who developed a biopsy-proven PG on her index finger. This is the first reported case to successfully use tangential biopsy and electrodessication followed by twice daily topical Timolol to treat recalcitrant PG. Conclusions: This case supports the use of 0.5% Timolol ophthalmic solution and demonstrates that it is a safe and economical therapy for adult patients with recurrent PGs. A review of the current literature is discussed, and supports timolol as an easy and economical therapy option.
Efficacy of Human Botulism Immune Globulin for the Treatment of Infant Botulism: The First 12 Years Post Licensure.

Objectives To report the efficacy of Human Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV) in the first 12 years following its licensure in 2003 and to characterize its use nationwide in treating patients with infant botulism. Study design Medical records and billing information were collected for US patients treated with BIG-IV from 2003 to 2015. Length of hospital stay (LOS) and hospital charge information for treated patients were compared with the BIG-IV Pivotal Clinical Trial Placebo Group to quantify decreases in LOS and hospital charges. Results The use of BIG-IV reduced mean LOS from 5.7 to 2.2 weeks. This shortened hospital stay resulted in a mean decrease in hospital charges of $88 900 per patient. For all US patients 2003-2015, total decreases in LOS and hospital charges were 66.9 years and $86.2 million, respectively. The decrease in mean LOS was time dependent: BIG-IV treatment on hospital days 0-3 reduced mean LOS by 3.7 weeks ( P P P = NS). Since licensure, 1192 patients in 48 states and Washington, DC, have been treated with BIG-IV. Conclusions The use of BIG-IV since its licensure in 2003 treated approximately 93% of US patients with laboratory-confirmed infant botulism, and prevented >65 years in hospital stay and >$85 million in hospital charges from occurring. The greatest LOS reduction was achieved when BIG-IV was administered soon after hospital admission. Effective and appropriate use of BIG-IV in the US has continued in the postlicensure period.
Testosterone Deficiency, Weakness, and Multimorbidity in Men.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association between total testosterone (TT) deficiency and weakness on multimorbidity in men. Analyses were performed to examine the prevalence of multimobidity among young, middle-aged, and older men, with and without testosterone deficiency. Multivariate logistic models were also used to determine the association between age-specific TT tertiles and multimorbidity, adjusting for key sociodemographic variables, as well as a secondary analysis adjusted for grip strength. Multimorbidity was more prevalent among men with testosterone deficiency, compared to normal TT in the entire group (36.6% vs 55.2%; p < 0.001); however, differences were only seen within young (testosterone deficiency: 36.4%; normal TT: 13.5%; p < 0.001) and older men (testosterone deficiency: 75.0%; normal TT: 61.5%; p < 0.001). Robust associations were found between the age-specific low-TT (OR: 2.87; 95%CI: 2.14–3.83) and moderate-TT (OR: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.27–2.20) tertiles (reference high-TT) and multimorbidity. Secondary analysis demonstrated that both low TT (OR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.29–2.55) and moderate-TT (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.01–1.69) were associated with multimorbidity, even after adjusting for obesity (OR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.07–2.87) and NGS (OR: 1.21 per 0.05 unit lower NGS). Low TT and weakness in men were independently associated with multimorbidity at all ages; however, multimorbidity was more prevalent among young and older men with testosterone deficiency.
Ethics in Child Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy with children is very different from treatment of adults in terms of both developmental and ethical issues. Nearly every case raises some degree of role conflict for the clinician and highlights significant differences in power relationships among the identified patient and other family members. The professional who attempts to negotiate therapeutic intervention for children and families must be sensitive to ethical subtleties and the relative vulnerabilities of all parties.
A biometric usability evaluation of instrument cluster and infotainment systems in two hybrid cars

Automobile instrument clusters and infotainment systems are commonly used and prominent in modern cars and trucks. Thus, the design of these systems and their usability can significantly affect driving performance and satisfaction. This study demonstrates how biometric sensor methods can be used to assess such usability. Specifically, the study examines users' visual attention and affective states in response to instrumentation in two hybrid cars. The study combines eye tracking, facial expression analysis, and electroencephalography (EEG) data to investigate how these two cluster and infotainment designs (a) capture visual attention; (b) potentially inspire engagement, frustration and confusion; and (c) impact users' perception of ease of use.
Evaluation of the Pierce Parameters C and Q in a Traveling Wave Tube

This work provides a critical examination of the Pierce gain parameter C and the space charge parameter Q in a traveling wave tube (TWT). How to determine Q accurately remains an open question in TWT design. An accurate evaluation of Q in particular is important because a small change in Q can lead to a large change in the predicted gain. The threshold for backward wave oscillation in a TWT is also known to depend critically on QC. From a model dielectric TWT for which there is an exact dispersion relation [1], we identified the exact expressions for Q and C according to Pierce’s classic 3-wave theory and his 4-wave theory that includes the reverse propagating circuit mode. In general, we find that both Q and C depend on the frequency and on the wavenumber k, and that they are different between the 3-wave and 4-wave theory. This allows a rigorous test on the various approaches that approximate Q and C. For the dielectric TWT model [1], we find that the spatial amplification rate, Im(k), may be most reliably calculated in both 3-wave and 4-wave theory if Q is evaluated by approximating k = k_beam, where k_beam is the wavenumber of the beam mode (frequency/beam velocity). The wavenumber dependence of C must also be carefully evaluated for accurate results. The implications of these findings for TWT design are explored.
Impact of existing vaccines in reducing antibiotic resistance: Primary and secondary effects.

Vaccines impact antibiotic-resistant infections in two ways: through a direct reduction in the organisms and strains carrying resistant genes that are specifically targeted by the vaccine and also via a secondary effect through a reduction in febrile illnesses that often lead to the use of antibiotics. We review here the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant disease and antibiotic usage as an example of the direct effect of vaccines on antibiotic resistance and the impact of influenza vaccination on antibiotic usage as an example of a secondary effect. A prelicensure study of a PCV in Africa demonstrated 67% fewer penicillin-resistant invasive disease episodes in the PCV group compared with controls. Similar studies in the United States and Europe demonstrated reductions in antibiotic use consistent with the vaccines’ impact on the risk of otitis media infections in children. Postlicensure reductions in the circulation of antibiotic-resistant strains targeted by the vaccines have been dramatic, with virtual elimination of these strains in children following vaccine introduction. In terms of a secondary effect, following influenza vaccination reductions of 13–50% have been observed in the use of antibiotics by individuals receiving influenza vaccine compared with controls. With the demonstrated effectiveness of vaccination programs in impacting the risk of antibiotic-resistant infections and the increasing threat to public health that these infections represent, more attention needs to be given to development and utilization of vaccines to address antibiotic resistance.
Intermittent Pulse Oximetry Use and Length of Stay in Bronchiolitis: Bystander or Primary Driver?

Bronchiolitis has been a prominent focus for quality improvement (QI) efforts in pediatrics for nearly 2 decades.1 Bronchiolitis costs the US health care system an estimated $1.7 billion annually, and numerous efforts from the local institutional to national levels have been undertaken to promote high-value care and reduce unnecessary resource use.2,3 Pulse oximetry use in bronchiolitis is a perennial target for improvement efforts based on the impact of its use on the risk of hospitalization and length of stay (LOS) without appreciable improvements in patient outcomes.4 Studies of pulse oximetry’s impact on LOS have been previously focused on either the widely varying lower acceptable limit of oxygen saturation or the use of continuous versus intermittent pulse oximetry (IPO).4–6 In this issue of Hospital Pediatrics , Mittal et al7 present results from a QI initiative that both standardized pulse oximetry value interpretation and increased the use of IPO over continuous pulse oximetry (CPO). They demonstrated that their combined approach was associated with a reduction of hospital LOS in a community hospital setting. The retrospective baseline cohort of 180 patients was compared with 2 intervention cohorts of 94 patients and 99 patients in cycles 1 and 2, respectively. In cycle 1, IPO use increased from a baseline of 20% to 75% while …
Collaborative Assessment of an Academic Library and Writing Center Partnership: Embedded Writing and Research Tutors for First-Year Students

This article reports on collaborative research that assessed the impact of a joint library and writing center initiative: the Writing and Research Tutor program. This program provided an integrated model of academic support to underrepresented first-year students who were paired with a tutor trained in both writing and research support. The St. Olaf Libraries and the Center for Advising and Academic Support partnered with the Office of Institutional Effectiveness and Assessment to ask: How can our services—and our data collection and assessment practices—align to foster student success? How can we collaboratively contribute to institutional efforts to improve student success? In answering these questions, we chose a small-scale pilot program and created mixed-methods assessments including self-efficacy surveys, written reflections, focus groups, and interviews with former tutors. The assessments provided opportunities for student reflection and metacognition and explicitly connected the results of our study to both national and local measures of success.
Der seltsame Kollaps von Kopenhagen

Endlich war die Zeit fur Werner Heisenberg gekommen. Der junge Physiker, erst zwanzig Jahre alt, wurde eingeladen, um einen Vortrag an der Berliner Universitat zu halten, damals der Mittelpunkt der Physik in Deutschland und wohl der ganzen Welt. Er sollte seine erstaunlichen neuen Ideen vor Einstein selbst erklaren.
Migrating Lateral Ventricle Choroid Plexus Cyst into the Fourth Ventricle Causing Acute Hydrocephalus

Choroid plexus cysts consist of abnormal folds of the choroid plexus that typically resolve prior to birth. Rarely, these cysts persist and may cause outflow obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid. We present a 5-month-old male born term who presented with lethargy, vomiting, and a bulging anterior fontanelle. Magnetic resonance imaging showed one large choroid plexus cyst had migrated from the right lateral ventricle through the third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle causing outflow obstruction. The cyst was attached to the lateral ventricle choroid plexus by a pedicle. The cyst was endoscopically retrieved from the fourth ventricle intact and then fenestrated and coagulated along with several other smaller cysts. Histologic examination confirmed the mass was a choroid plexus cyst. The patient did well after surgery and did not require any cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Nine months after surgery, the patient continued to thrive with no neurological deficits. This case is the first we have found in the literature of a lateral ventricular choroid plexus cyst migrating into the fourth ventricle and the youngest of any migrating choroid plexus cyst. Only three other cases of a migrating choroid plexus cyst have been documented and those only migrated into the third ventricle. New imaging advances are making these cysts easier to identify, but may still be missed on routine sequences. High clinical suspicion for these cysts is necessary for correct treatment of this possible cause of hydrocephalus.
Patient desire for spiritual assessment is unmet in urban and rural primary care settings

Incorporation of patient religious and spiritual beliefs in medical care has been shown to improve the efficacy of medical interventions and health outcomes. While previous study has highlighted differences in patient desire for spiritual assessment based on patient religiosity, little is known about patient desire for spiritual assessment based on community type, particularly in urban compared to rural communities. We hypothesized that, given demographic trends which show a higher degree of religiosity in rural areas, patients in rural communities will be more likely to desire spiritual assessment. In this cross-sectional study of 141 adult primary care patients in rural and urban Colorado at non-religiously affiliated clinics, we surveyed patient demographic information, measures of religiosity, patient desire for spiritual assessment, and frequency of spiritual assessment in practice. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare the two populations. In both Denver County (urban) and Lincoln County (rural) over 90% of patients identified as religious, spiritual, or a combination of the two. Thirty eight percent (38.3%) of patients in Denver County and 49.1% of patients in Lincoln desired spiritual assessment. Over 97% of patients in both areas reported rarely or never being asked about their R/S within the past year. For patients who have had five or more clinic visits in the past year, more than 91% in both areas stated they have never or rarely been asked about their beliefs. While the majority of patients in this study identify as religious or spiritual and many patients desire spiritual assessment, the majority of patients have never or rarely been asked about their spirituality within the past year. This demonstrates a significant gap between patient preference and provider practice of spiritual assessment in the primary care setting, which was similar in both rural and urban settings. This highlights the need for interdisciplinary focus on spiritual assessment and incorporation of patient R/S beliefs in medical care to provide holistic patient care and improve health outcomes.
Evaluation of beef cattle temperament by eye temperature using infrared thermography technology

Abstract Beef cattle temperament can impact animal performance and meat quality in cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) maximum, average, and minimum eye temperature (IRTMIN, IRTAVG, IRTMAX) and percentage of the eye with the sclera visible in a digital image (eye white percentage, EW) to predict beef cattle temperament by (1) assessing the relationship between IRT and EW traits with 4 established subjective and objective temperament scoring methods (n = 16 traits total) and (2) identify behavioral characteristics that IRT and EW traits are predicting. Traits were measured on Angus- and Hereford-influenced steers (n = 203; age 183.00 ± 15.80 days; BW 264.50 ± 30.84 kg) and heifers (n = 200; age 186.60 ± 15.18 days; BW 251.90 ± 28.77 kg). Computer vision and image processing technologies were used to extract IRTMIN, IRTAVG, IRTMAX, and EW features. Temperament Scores (TS), Docility Scores (DS), Four-platform Standing Scale (FPSS), Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) attributes were measured to compare with the imagery methods. Results showed there were no statistically significant relationships of IRTMIN, IRTAVG IRTMAX for TS, DS, FPSS and QBA. The correlations value between EW and DS and between EW and TS were also low but indicated correlated at certain level (0.258 and 0.179 at P
What Men Want: Mothers, Fathers, and Manhood

The author, a researcher and writer on the subject of masculinity, explores the male condition from infancy to manhood, exposing its complexity and fragility in the face of conflicting familial, social and sexual impulses. The author's psychoanalytic focus is derived from his clinical experience, but his interdisciplinary background leads him to draw on mythology, anthropology, sociology, history and literature in formulating and illustrating his ideas about male identity and development. Ross pursues such themes as: a boy's early identification with his mother; the evolution of his fatherly ambitions; the aggression and rivalry in father-son relationships; and the developmental role of romantic, erotic passion; these factors document the ongoing changes in views of male psychology. This work is both a general history of the psychoanalytical study of male development, and an account of what that study conveys. Throughout, Ross emphasizes the feminine aspects of a man's nature and the destructive potential inherent in asserting his virility, internal tensions that may result in a complicated and shaky sense of manhood.
Bioequivalence: individual and population compartmental modeling compared to the noncompartmental approach.

Purpose. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the use of individual compartmental and population compartmental methods for bioequivalence determination, and to determine their utility as adjuncts to the current methods used for bioequivalence assessment. Methods. Data from three bioequivalence studies of chlorthalidone were analyzed with PCNONLIN using individual compartmental modeling and NONMEM for population analyses. These results were compared with results obtained from the traditional noncompartmental or SHAM (slopes, heights, areas, and moments) approach for bioequivalence assessment and the 90% confidence interval procedure. Results. Individual compartmental modeling and population compartmental modeling techniques performed well on this routine set of bioequivalence data which displayed simple pharmacokinetic properties. A direct assessment of the analysis methods was made by comparing the final estimates and 90% confidence intervals for the test to reference ratios (T/R) of AUC and CMAX. The final estimates and 90% confidence intervals for AUC T/R and CMAX T/R were similar and suggest consistency of results, independent of the method used. Conclusions. These results demonstrate the utility of modeling techniques as adjuncts to the traditional noncompartmental approach for bioequivalence determination.
Intuitionistic Logic As Epistemic Logic

L'A. refute l'identification contemporaine de la philosophie constructionniste des mathematiques avec la logique intuitionniste. Examinant la relation entre le constructionnisme de Brouwer et l'intuitionnisme de Heyting, l'A. montre que la logique epistemique doit accepter l'axiome du choix et rendre compte de l'exemple du millionnaire chez Russell.
Phenotyping of Clinical Time Series with LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks.

We present a novel application of LSTM recurrent neural networks to multilabel classification of diagnoses given variable-length time series of clinical measurements. Our method outperforms a strong baseline on a variety of metrics.
Global morphological analysis of marine viruses shows minimal regional variation and dominance of non-tailed viruses.

Viruses influence oceanic ecosystems by causing mortality of microorganisms, altering nutrient and organic matter flux via lysis and auxiliary metabolic gene expression and changing the trajectory of microbial evolution through horizontal gene transfer. Limited host range and differing genetic potential of individual virus types mean that investigations into the types of viruses that exist in the ocean and their spatial distribution throughout the world’s oceans are critical to understanding the global impacts of marine viruses. Here we evaluate viral morphological characteristics (morphotype, capsid diameter and tail length) using a quantitative transmission electron microscopy (qTEM) method across six of the world’s oceans and seas sampled through the Tara Oceans Expedition. Extensive experimental validation of the qTEM method shows that neither sample preservation nor preparation significantly alters natural viral morphological characteristics. The global sampling analysis demonstrated that morphological characteristics did not vary consistently with depth (surface versus deep chlorophyll maximum waters) or oceanic region. Instead, temperature, salinity and oxygen concentration, but not chlorophyll a concentration, were more explanatory in evaluating differences in viral assemblage morphological characteristics. Surprisingly, given that the majority of cultivated bacterial viruses are tailed, non-tailed viruses appear to numerically dominate the upper oceans as they comprised 51–92% of the viral particles observed. Together, these results document global marine viral morphological characteristics, show that their minimal variability is more explained by environmental conditions than geography and suggest that non-tailed viruses might represent the most ecologically important targets for future research.
Raman scattering in Europium chalcogenides near magnetic phase transitions

Abstract The inelastic light scattering spectra of the europium chalcogenides are analyzed in terms of a one phonon-one spin Raman process. Calculations are presented for the temperature dependence of the integrated intensity of the “spin-disorder” spectrum of EuS and compared with experiment. The observed temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum of EuSe in the two-sublattice antiferromagnetic phase is presented and examined in terms of the one phonon-one spin mechanism. Experiments are suggested in which the Raman spectra can be used to measure the magnetic field dependence of the order parameter exponent β in EuTe.
Single crystal polarized Raman spectra of the solid electrolyte Cu2HgI4; attempt frequencies for ion motion in Ag2HgI4

Abstract The polarized Raman scattering from small single crystals of Cu2HgI4 provided assignments for the more prominent Raman features to specific irreducible representations. The E symmetry assignment, mass dependence, and pressure dependence of the 36 cm−1 band in Cu2HgI4 and 24 cm−1 band in Ag2HgI4 indicate that these features approximate the attempt frequency for ion hopping. The unusually high pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius expression for ion hopping is discussed in light of the observed attempt frequency; we conclude that despite the high activation energy the conduction mechanism is similar to other heavy-metal solid electrolytes.
REGENERATION AND MASS DIFFERENCE OF NEUTRAL K MESONS

The regeneration of Kl from K2 neutral mesons and the mass difference between the two mesons were studied by passing a K/sup 0/ beam through 1.5- and 6- in. iron plates. About 200,000 pictures were made of the events, and they were analyzed for two-prong events where the primary momentum was equal to the beam momentum. The Q( pi , pi ) distribution of these selected events showed a peak around the expected value of 220 Mev, thus proving the regeneration of K1. The angular distribution of K1 decay events is plotted; the diffraction was computed from an optical model method and subtracted from the distribution to give the transmission peak, which was found to be confined to angles smaller than 2.5 deg (angle between primary K2 beam and regenerated K1). The mass difference is calculated to be zero for the 1.5-in. plate and 0.85 for the combination of the 1.5- and 6-in. plates. (D.L.C.)
Metabolism of 7-3H-dehydroisoandrosterone in patients with virilizing adrenal tumors

Abstract Two normal subjects and three patients with virilizing adrenal tumor received an infusion of 7- 3 H-dehydroisoandrosterone. The total amount of radioactivity in urinary DS, DG and a DG artifact represented 33.95–38.35% of the dose injected in the patients and 1.16–7.43% in the controls, while the amount in AS, AG, ES and EG was 16.5–20.6% in the patients and 41.8–43.5% in the controls. These results demonstrated a marked change in D metabolism in patients with virilizing adrenal tumor. The specific activity of DG was greater than that of DS in the two control subjects but was equal in the three patients. The specific activity of DG was larger than that of AG in one control but was lower in the other control and in the three patients. These findings suggest that urinary DG in at least some normal subjects and in patients with virilizing adrenal tumor arises not only from the D pool but also from another precursor which does not dilute this pool.
Relational database management systems and industrial engineering

Abstract Traditionally, industrial engineers (IE's) have been involved with the synthesis of people materials, equipment, and energy into improved workable systems. As these systems have expanded to include information, so has the scope of industrial engineering. Recently, however, these systems have undergone dramatic changes at a phenominal pace, Most of these changes are due to increased automation. This automation has not only changed the way work is done, but it has also changed the informational requirements for optimizing all work efforts. One tool available to industrial engineers to meet these new requirements is database management systems, particularly, relational database management systems. The relational data structure supported by this software is easier to conceptualize and manage than some alternate data structures, and it allows greater flexibility in defining the data and their interrelationships. This paper discusses the involvement of the industrial engineer with the development and usage of information systems and describes an application of the relational database management system, ORACLE.
Further studies on the dissociation of HBr behind shock waves

Previously reported shock tube studies of the dissociation of HBr in the temperature range of 2100–4200°K have been extended to lower temperatures (1450–2300°K) in pure HBr. The course of reaction was followed by monitoring the radiative recombination emission in the visible spectrum from Br atoms. The results imply that, in the lower range of temperatures, the activation energy of dissociation, E in the expression AT−2e−E/RT, can be approximated by the HBr bond energy (88 kcal/mole). It was also found that, in this temperature range, the rate of HBr dissociation is sensitive to the Br2 dissociation rate and the HBr + Br exchange rate. When these rates were adjusted to bring computed reaction profiles into agreement with experimental ones, it was found that the higher-temperature data could also be fitted reasonably well with an HBr dissociation activation energy of 88 kcal/mole, contrary to the conclusions of our previous work, which favored an activation energy of 50 kcal/mole. The “best value” for k1Ar, the rate coefficient for HBr dissociation in the presence of Ar as chaperone, appears to be 1021.78 ± 0.3T−2 10−88/θ cc/mole sec, where θ = 2.3 RT/1000; that for k1HBr, is 1022.66T−210−88/θ. A detailed review is given of the rate coefficients for the other pertinent reactions in the H2–Br2 system, viz., Br2 dissociation and reactions of HBr with H and Br.
A2BAR expression in non-immune cells plays an important role in the development of murine colitis

Background Adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, is involved in several physiological functions. We have previously shown that A2BAR plays a pro-inflammatory role during colitis.
Interfacial fracture toughness of a copper/alumina system and the effect of the loading phase angle

Abstract The mixed mode interfacial fracture toughness of a polycrystalline copper/alumina system is investigated with Brazil-nut sandwich specimens. Experimental results show that the interfacial fracture toughness of the polycrystalline system increases as the load mixity increases. This phase angle effect is mainly related to greater surface resistance from friction and ductile shearing of interlocked contact areas.
Development of a Cervical Cancer Educational Program for Chinese Women Using Intervention Mapping

This article describes the development of a program to increase Pap screening behavior among women in Taiwan. Intervention mapping, an innovative process of intervention design, guided the development of this program. The development process included a needs assessment identifying factors influencing Pap screening behavior relevant to Chinese women. The program used methods such as information transmission, modeling, persuasion, and facilitation. Strategies included direct mail communication, role-model stories and testimonials, and a telephone-counseling component. The delineation of specific plans for implementation and evaluation are also described.
Reaction induced phase separation in mixtures of multifunctional polybutadiene and epoxy

The phase behavior and separation dynamics have been investigated in blends of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), curing agent methylene dianiline (MDA), and a reactive liquid rubber (R45EPI) through application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), one- and two-dimensional light scattering, and optical microscopy. DSC analysis indicates that the system consists of three reactions: the self-condensations of DGEBA and R45EPI, as well as a cross-reaction between the two constituents. Observation of the dynamics of the 50/25.4/50 DGEBA/MDA/R45EPI system reveals that an initial phase separation is governed by the dominant self-curing reaction of DGEBA, followed by a phase dissolution characterized by a broadening of the interfacial regions catalyzed by a cross-reaction between the two species. A subsequent phase separation occurs at late stages since the copolymerization reaction does not proceed to completion. On the other hand, by changing the ratio of the beginning constituents to 70/25.4/30 DGEBA/MDA/R45EPI, the dissolution phenomena is not observed resulting from an even more dominant DGEBA/MDA condensation reaction. It is demonstrated that alterations in the initial compositional ratio greatly affect the phase separation dynamics of the system.
Capillary Tube Resistive Thermal Cycling

A system that performs rapid thermal cycling of microliter and smaller liquid volumes inside glass capillary tubes that have an optically transparent thin film of indium−tin oxide (ITO) covering th...
Texture formation in superconducting BSCCO 2212/Ag composite tapes effect of cold rolling and laser float zone melting technique

Abstract Bi-2212/Ag composite tapes were fabricated by the doctor blade casting method and then subjected to thermomechanical processing and a laser float zone melting technique, in order to compare the texture developed by these two techniques. The effect of the processing parameters, of the above two different methods, on the texture formation of 2212 phase was monitored by θ-2θ X-ray diffraction patterns, pole-figures studies, and by scanning electron microscopy. Although mechanical deformation yielded a moderate texture, the microstructure of the cold-rolled and solid-state sintered 2212/Ag tape shows the presence of pores and “weakly linked” grains. With a laser float zone melting technique, much better texture could be obtained, and it is shown that this texture improves as the scanning rate decreases.
Synchrotron X‐Ray Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Fingerprinting Near to Far Field Transitions on Cu(111) Induced by Synchrotron Radiation

The combination of the high spatial resolution of scanning tunneling microscopy with the chemical and magnetic contrast provided by synchrotron X-rays has the potential to allow a unique characterization of advanced functional materials. While the scanning probe provides the high spatial resolution, synchrotron X-rays that produce photo-excitations of core electrons add chemical and magnetic contrast. However, in order to realize the method's full potential it is essential to maintain tunneling conditions, even while high brilliance X-rays irradiate the sample surface. Different from conventional scanning tunneling microscopy, X-rays can cause a transition of the tip out of the tunneling regime. Monitoring the reaction of the z-piezo (the element that controls the tip to sample separation) alone is not sufficient, because a continuous tip current is obtained. As a solution, an unambiguous and direct way of fingerprinting such near to far field transitions of the tip that relies on the simultaneous analysis of the X-ray-induced tip and sample current is presented. This result is of considerable importance because it opens the path to the ultimate resolution in X-ray enhanced scanning tunneling microscopy.
Role of myofibrillar proteins in water-binding in brine-enhanced meats

Abstract Brine-incorporated meats have become major novelty food items in the present fresh meat retail market in the United States. Brines are used to “enhance” products’ moistness and juiciness; however, the physicochemical processes involved in water-binding and entrapment in the meat protein matrix have not been completely elucidated. This paper describes our recent studies on the mode of water-binding in chicken and pork muscle foods following phosphate, NaCl, and enzyme-hydrolyzed soy protein brine treatments. The results showed that the dynamics of brine penetration into muscle fibrils were specific to phosphate types, with pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate having the highest efficacy. Both phosphate treatments produced a transverse expansion of the myofibrils with a simultaneous extraction of myosin from the ends of the A-band in the sarcomere. These structural/biochemical changes resulted in substantial swelling of muscle fibers, i.e., an enhanced water uptake and immobilization. Furthermore, depending on the type of proteases employed, soy protein hydrolysates or peptides interacted differently with myofibrillar proteins, producing an array of morphologies and rheologies of protein gels that played a major role in water-immobilization in salted pork products.
Towards superfast 3D optical metrology with digital micromirror device (DMD) platforms

This paper summarizes our decade-long research efforts towards superfast 3D shape measurement leveraging the digital micromirror device (DMD) platforms. Specifically, we will present the following technologies: (1) high-resolution real-time 3D shape measurement technology that achieves 30 Hz simultaneous 3D shape acquisition, reconstruction and display with more than 300,000 points per frame; (2) Superfast 3D optical metrology technology that achieves 3D measurement at a rate of tens of kHz utilizing the binary defocusing method we invented; and (3) the improvement of the binary defocusing technology for superfast and high-accuracy 3D optical metrology using the DMD platforms. This paper will present both principles and experimental results.
Expanding options for reforestation of the Cumberland plateau.

Stems of d.b.h. 4 inches or greater in a low quality stand in Tennessee dominated by white and scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) were sheared in September-November 1976, chipped, and removed. Sawtimber quality trees (30) in the 37-acre area were felled separately by conventional methods. Residual trees (2-3 inches d.b.h., ht. over 4.5 ft) in some areas were injected with herbicide. One-acre plots were planted with 1+0 loblolly pine, 2+0 white pine (Pinus strobus), or 1+0 yellow poplar, or left to regenerate naturally. After 2 years, survival of all trees was good (83% or over) and average height of loblolly pine, yellow poplar and desirable natural stems (white, scarlet or black oak, Quercus velutina) was 3.3 ft, significantly different from that of white pine (1.5 ft). It is concluded that poor quality stands can be cheaply improved by this method, although release from competing vegetation may be necessary, especially in the case of white pine.
Predicting the Impact Sensitivities of Polynitro Compounds Using Quantum Chemical Descriptors

ABSTRACT There has been considerable interest in predicting the stabilities of energetic materials to improve safety during manufacture, handling, storage, and transportation. Although a variety of experimental techniques are available to test the properties of energetic materials, computational screening techniques can harness the convenience of modern computers to reduce the cost of destructive tests. In this paper quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) based on quantum mechanical calculations were employed to correlate the measured impact sensitivities from shock or impact tests with molecular properties. Molecular descriptors were evaluated using both the Hartree-Fock method with a STO-3G basis set and the semiempirical method PM3. Equations that correlate impact sensitivities to the energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ϵLUMO), energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (ϵHOMO), midpoint potential (MPP), ionization potential (IP), dipole moment (DM), and total energy (E) of ...
Topology selection for energy minimization in embedded networks

The trend towards distributed, networked embedded systems is changing the way power should be managed. Power consumed by bus and network interfaces now matches if not surpasses that of the CPU and is thus becoming a prime candidate for reduction. This paper explores energy-efficient bus topologies as a new technique for global power optimization of embedded systems that are interconnected by high-speed serial network-like busses such as FireWire and a new generation of SoC buses. Our grammar-based representation for these networks enables selection of energy-efficient bus topologies. Experimental results show 15-20% energy saving on the network interfaces without sacrificing system performance.
DC Power System for Deuteron Accelerator

The Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) Facility dc power system provides excitation current for all linac and High-Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) quadrupole and bending magnets, excitation for horizontal and vertical beam steering, and current-bypass shunts.
Probability-density functions of irradiance for waves in atmospheric turbulence calculated by numerical simulation

We have carried out numerical simulations of waves traversing a three-dimensional random medium with Gaussian statistics and a power-law spectrum with inner-scale cutoff. The distributions of irradiance on the final observation screen provide the probability-density function (PDF) of irradiance. For both initially plane and initially spherical waves the simulation PDF’s in the strong-fluctuation regime lie between a K distribution and a log-normal-convolved-with-exponential distribution. We introduce a plot of the PDF of scaled log-normal irradiance, on which both the exponential and the lognormal PDF’s are universal curves and on which the PDF at both large and small irradiance is shown in detail. We have simulated a spherical-wave experiment, including aperture averaging, and find agreement between the simulated and the observed PDF’s.
New MOSFET-based expander for high frequency ultrasound systems

Diode-based expanders (expanders with single-crossed diodes) are widely used for pulse-echo measurements and in imaging systems. The function of the diode-based expander is to obstruct the noise from the transmitted output signals of the pulser and block the returned signals from the ultrasonic transducers to the pulser. It may also degrade the performance of the transducer and electronic components on the imaging side of the system because of non-linearity and attenuation at higher voltages. A new type of expander using power MOSFETs for high frequency ultrasound systems is proposed and studied. Compared to diode-based expander, this device is shown to yield lower insertion loss and total harmonic distortion, and faster reverse recovery time.
Completeness of published case reports on suspected adverse drug reactions: evaluation of 100 reports from a company safety database.

Background: Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in the biomedical literature. Standards for authors and editors for writing, submitting and publishing ADR case reports have been empirically established since the 1980s; however, these recommendations have not been widely disseminated or incorporated into practice. Comprehensive and standardized guidelines on good publication practice have recently been proposed. No study has been performed so far to assess the adherence of published ADR case reports to these guidelines.
Religious parties and democracy: A comparative assessment of Israel and Turkey

Discussions of the role of religious parties in democracies can be highly misleading when they take the parties' ideologies at face value and assign them to the binary categories of moderate vs radical. Only by a careful review of how religious parties use religious and secular symbols in defining their political stances can we evaluate their roles vis-a-vis liberal democracy. The competing political ideologies of the Mafdal and Shas Parties in Israel and the National Action Party, the Prosperity Party and the Justice and Development Party in Turkey are foci of this analysis. Two controversial concepts, ‘redemption’ in Israel and ‘secularism’ in Turkey, are used to question how these parties appropriate religious symbols in their policies towards secular public and institutions. The arguments draw on a set of interviews with the religious party leaderships and a content analysis of party ideologues' views. The findings suggest that parties that adopt the strategy of sacralization (that is, assigning relig...