cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunologic diagnosis of tuberculosis: a review.

Abstract The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) principally rests on the sputum examination and culture. However, the sensitivity of sputum smear for acid-fast bacteria is only ≊50% and sputum culture has a relatively long turnaround time. As a result, a number of studies have been conducted in an attempt to find a rapid and accurate diagnostic test for TB. They include serological assays against various mycobacterial antigens. Here we review the merits and deficiencies of the serological tests for TB. In general, serological assays have a high negative predictive value, making them potentially useful as a screening test to rule out active TB although in HIV-positive individuals, low sensitivity and low negative predictive value compromises the accuracy of the seroassays in this group of individuals. In populations where the prevalence of latent TB infection is high, the relatively low positive predictive value of the tests reduces their specificity for active TB. Furthermore, the higher costs and greater training required in performing these tests makes it important that future studies also assess whether their use affects patient outcomes in management of TB.
Effect of fetal exposure to ultrasound on B cell development in BALB/c mice.

Abstract Ultrasound is a major tool for clinical diagnosis, especially during prenatal life. Therefore, it is important that the potential bioeffects of ultrasound be determined. In this report, the effects of ultrasound on the development of B lymphocytes is studied. Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to intensities of ultrasound ranging from 0.1–3.0 W/cm2, receiving either a single exposure on day 11, or multiple exposures on days 14, 15, and 18 or 19 of gestation. Fetal livers were removed on day 19 of gestation whereas spleen cells were obtained from 5 and 10 day old neonates. These cell populations were analyzed for: (a) the frequency of B220+ B lineage cells; (b) the frequency of immunoglobulin-positive (Ig+) cells, and (c) the ability to proliferate in response to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). None of the tests performed revealed any substantial differences between ultrasound-exposed versus sham-treated control animals. In addition, the development of blood cell types other than B lineage cells remained unaffected by exposure to ultrasound. Therefore, exposure to ultrasound at the intensities used does not appear to hinder hemopoiesis or the normal development of B lymphocytes during fetal and early neonatal life.
Image-based synchronization of force and bead motion in active electromagnetic microrheometry

In the past, electromagnetic tweezers have been used to make active microrheometers. An active microrheometer measures the dynamic mechanical properties of a material from the motion of embedded particles under external force, e.g. a sinusoidal magnetic force generated by a sinusoidal current on a coil. The oscillating amplitude and the phase lag of the motion are then used to estimate the material’s dynamic mechanical properties. The phase lag, in particular, requires precise synchronization of the particle motion with the external force. In previous works, synchronization difficulties have arisen from measuring two parameters with two instruments, one of them being a camera. We solved the synchronization issue by measuring two parameters with a single instrument, the camera alone. From captured images, particles can be tracked in three dimensions through an image-analysis algorithm while the current on the coil can be measured from the brightness of the image; this enables simultaneous synchronization of the phases of the driving current on the electromagnet coil and the motion of the magnetic probe particle. We calibrate the phase delay between the magnetic force and the particle’s motion in glycerol and confirm the calibration with a Hall probe. The technique is further tested by measuring the shear modulus of a polyacrylamide gel, and comparing the results to those obtained using a conventional rheometer.
Single-cell immunohistochemical mutation load assay (SCIMLA) using human paraffin-embedded tissues.

It would be advantageous to measure mutation load in situ in order to determine the relationship between a high mutation load and increased risk for cancer or other diseases and to evaluate sources of possible mutagen exposure. Previously, in situ mutation detection assays have been plagued with multiple rounds of amplification and high rates of false-positives and false-negatives. The single cell immunohistochemical mutation load assay (SCIMLA) was developed to measure somatic mutation frequency, pattern, and spectrum in normal tissues with a single round of amplification. The P53 gene was utilized as a mutation reporter because of the unusual property that missense mutations often cause P53 protein to accumulate in the cell, allowing the mutant proteins to be detected by immunohistochemical staining. Alternative reporter genes with stabilized mutant proteins may be envisioned. Single cells that stain positively for P53 protein overabundance (red cells) were microdissected from ethanol-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. A novel stimulated-PCR (S-PCR) protocol permitted successful amplification of a 1.8-kb segment of the P53 gene (i.e., exons 5–9) in 87% of single mammary cells. Subsequent sequence analysis demonstrated that 35% of the amplified red-stained epithelial cells from normal breast tissue have missense mutations at evolutionarily conserved amino acids. Jackpot mutations, presumably due to clonal expansion, were common. False-positive missense mutations at conserved residues were observed in 3% of the clear cells (i.e., without red stain), presumably due to DNA polymerase error in early PCR cycles. The allele dropout rate was measured at 40% of the amplified cells. SCIMLA is applicable to a variety of tissues, utilizes a single amplification of an endogenous gene, displays mutant cells in situ, and may be adapted to other species. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:206–215, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Incenting Managers Towards the Triple Bottom Line: An Agency and Social Norm Perspective

Research to date has identified CEO pay structure as an important factor in the environmental and social performance of the organization, but has not considered how pay may influence these sustainability efforts at the middle-management level. We address this void with an experimental manipulation of direct and indirect pay incentives for an environmental sustainability project and production cost savings project. Counter to our predictions, investment in sustainability versus cost savings is significantly lower when incentives for both projects are equivalent, and investment is only comparable when incentives for the sustainability project are superior. Further investigation using qualitative data attributes this to differences in the salient social norms that individuals hold and an apparent undervaluing of the indirect incentive derived through sustainability’s contribution to cost savings. The results shed light on primary ways in which human resource management practices may be used to embed support for sustainability initiatives throughout the organization.
The Porcelain Crab Transcriptome and PCAD, the Porcelain Crab Microarray and Sequence Database

Background With the emergence of a completed genome sequence of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex, construction of genomic-scale sequence databases for additional crustacean sequences are important for comparative genomics and annotation. Porcelain crabs, genus Petrolisthes, have been powerful crustacean models for environmental and evolutionary physiology with respect to thermal adaptation and understanding responses of marine organisms to climate change. Here, we present a large-scale EST sequencing and cDNA microarray database project for the porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes.
Student Perspectives on Teaching Techniques and Outstanding Teachers

The increased use of instructional technology in the past decade has brought about many changes in college teaching, including changes in the lecture format. We surveyed students in six science courses to obtain their opinions regarding technology use, as well as non-technological instructional techniques, and the characteristics of outstanding teachers. This article reports on and analyzes the responses of 158 students, and recommends strategies instructors can use to increase their teaching effectiveness by engaging students in lecture and other aspects of their courses.
Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

The flow of water between rivers and contiguous aquifers influences the quantity and quality of water resources, particularly in regions where precipitation and runoff are unevenly distributed through the year, such as the Columbia Basin (CB) in northwestern United States. Investigations of basin hydrogeology and gains and losses of streamflow for six rivers in the CB were reviewed to characterize general patterns in the timing and location of river-aquifer exchanges at a reach-scale (0.5-150 km) and to identify geologic and geomorphic features associated with the largest exchanges. Ground-water discharge to each river, or the gain in streamflow, was concentrated spatially: more than one-half of the total gains along each river segment were contributed from reaches that represented no more than 30% of the total segment length with the largest and most concentrated gains in rivers in volcanic terrains. Fluvial recharge of aquifers, or losses of streamflow, was largest in rivers in sedimentary basins where unconsolidated sediments form shallow aquifers. Three types of geologic or geomorphic features were associated with the largest exchanges: (1) changes in the thickness of unconsolidated aquifers; (2) contacts between lithologic units that represent contrasts in permeability; and (3) channel forms that increase the hydraulic gradient or cross-sectional area of flow paths between a river and shallow ground-water. The down-valley component of ground-water flow and its vertical convergence on or divergence from a riverbed account for large streamflow gains in some reaches and contrast with the common assumption of lateral ground-water discharge to a river that penetrates completely through the aquifer. Increased ground-water discharge was observed during high-flow periods in reaches of four rivers indicating that changes in ground-water levels can be more important than stage fluctuations in regulating the direction and magnitude of river-aquifer exchanges and that assumptions about ground-water discharge during high flow periods used for base-flow separation must be verified. Given the variety of geologic terrains in the CB, the spatial and temporal patterns of river-aquifer exchanges provide a framework for investigations in other regions that includes a focus on reaches where the largest exchanges are likely to occur, integration of ground-water and surface-water data, and verification of assumptions regarding ground-water flow direction and temporal variation of exchanges.
HISTORY, THEORETICISM, AND THE LIMITS OF “THE POSTSECULAR”1

In this collection of critical essays, Dominick LaCapra, with characteristic verve, takes on a variety of authors who have addressed issues relating to intellectual history, history generally, violence, trauma, and the relation between the human and the animal. LaCapra offers two types of criticism—of historians for ignoring or misappropriating theory, and of theorists for engaging in “theoreticism,” a theorizing that rides roughshod over historical specificity and context. The present essay focuses on LaCapra's discussion of the theoreticism of the critical theorists Giorgio Agamben, Eric L. Santner, and Slavoj Žižek, and in particular on their and LaCapra's attempts to engage with the “issue of the postsecular.” Although Agamben, Santner, and Žižek highlight some important and provocative issues, this brand of critical theory provides too limited a base for coming to an understanding of current debates over the relation between religion and secular perspectives. Instead, one must approach “postsecularity” with attentiveness to the larger “secularization debate,” and to the way the term postsecular is used by such writers as Jurgen Habermas and John Milbank. LaCapra rightly draws attention to the recent emergence of a discourse of “the postsecular.” Both the term and the concept now cry out for a deeper, more critical, and more historical examination than has so far been attempted.
Future Directions for Elderly Migration Research

An assessment is provided of the directions in which future research should proceed on the patterns, causes, and consequences of elderly migration. Needed research is identified within six major ar...
Are We One Self or Multiple Selves?: Implications for Law and Public Policy

Some people hate themselves. But if I say, “I hate myself,” who is this “I” that stands apart from “myself”? And notice how in the expression “I am not myself today,” the “I” and “myself” change places. Now it is “myself” who is the authentic, the authoritative, the judgmental “I,” and it is “I” who is the self that is judged and found wanting. Some people talk to themselves; when they do, who is speaking and who is listening?
Fall fertilization of Pinus resinosa seedlings: nutrient uptake, cold hardiness, and morphological development

• Fall fertilization may increase plant nutrient reserves, yet associated impacts on seedling cold hardiness are relatively unexplored. • Bareroot red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings in north-central Minnesota, USA were fall fertilized at the end of the first growing season with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at 0, 11, 22, 44, or 89 kg N ha −1 . Seedling morphology and cold hardiness [assessed by freeze induced electrolyte leakage (FIEL)] were evaluated six weeks after fertilization and following the second growing season. • Seedling height and number of needle primordia increased with fertilizer rate for both sampling years. Seedlings fertilized with 44 and 89 kg N ha −1 attained target height (15 cm) after the second
Connection formulae for Painleve´ V functions

We study those Painleve V equations which admit a one-parameter family of solutions analytic at the origin and solve the global problem of connecting the two-parameter asymptotic expansion at t → ∞ with the two-parameter expansion about t = 0. This connection is the one needed to study the correlation functions of the transverse Ising chain at the critical field strength. From these connection formulae, we derive a one-parameter connection formula for the general Painleve II equation and a two-parameter connection formula for a class of Painleve III equations.
Scale Reliability Evaluation with Heterogeneous Populations.

A latent variable modeling approach for scale reliability evaluation in heterogeneous populations is discussed. The method can be used for point and interval estimation of reliability of multicomponent measuring instruments in populations representing mixtures of an unknown number of latent classes or subpopulations. The procedure is helpful also for evaluation of possible between-class reliability differences as well as of within-class reliability coefficients. The estimation approach can similarly be used in empirical settings with known class membership when distinct populations are investigated, their number is known beforehand and membership in them is observed for the studied subjects, or alternatively in settings where only the number of latent classes is known. A modification and extension of the method for evaluation of maximal reliability or coefficient alpha in heterogeneous populations are also outlined. The discussed procedure is illustrated with numerical data.
Local structure of some Out ( F n )-complexes

In previous work of the author and M. Culler, contractible simplicial complexes were constructed on which the group of outer automorphisms of a free group of finite rank acts with finite stabilizers and finite quotient. In this paper, it is shown that these complexes are Cohen-Macauley, a property they share with buildings. In particular, the link of a vertex in these complexes is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres of codimension 1.
What can monotremes tell us about brain evolution

The present review outlines studies of electrophsyiological organization, cortical architecture and thalmocortical and corticocortical connections in monotremes. Results of these studies indicate that the neocortex of monotremes has many features in common with other mammals. In particular, monotremes have at least two, and in some instances three, sensory fields for each modality, as well as regions of bimodal cortex. The internal organization of cortical fields and thalamocortical projection patterns are also similar to those described for other mammals. However, unlike most mammals investigated, the monotreme neocortex has cortical connections between primary sensory fields, such as SI and VI. The results of this analysis lead us to pose the question of what monotremes can tell us about brain evolution. Monotremes alone can tell us very little about the evolutionary process, or the construction of complex neural networks, as an individual species represents only a single example of what the process is capable of generating. Perhaps a better question is: what can comparative studies tell us about brain evolution? Monotreme brains, when compared with the brains of other animals, can provide some answers to questions about the evolution of the neocortex, the historical precedence of some features over others, and how basic circuits were modified in different lineages. This, in turn, allows us to appreciate how normal circuits function, and to pose very specific questions regarding the development of the neocortex.
Mapping the regulon of Vibrio cholerae ferric uptake regulator expands its known network of gene regulation

ChIP coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) has revolutionized whole-genome mapping of DNA-binding protein sites. Although ChIP-seq rapidly gained support in eukaryotic systems, it remains underused in the mapping of bacterial transcriptional regulator-binding sites. Using the virulence-required iron-responsive ferric uptake regulator (Fur), we report a simple, broadly applicable ChIP-seq method in the pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Combining our ChIP-seq results with available microarray data, we clarify direct and indirect Fur regulation of known iron-responsive genes. We validate a subset of Fur-binding sites in vivo and show a common motif present in all Fur ChIP-seq peaks that has enhanced binding affinity for purified V. cholerae Fur. Further analysis shows that V. cholerae Fur directly regulates several additional genes associated with Fur-binding sites, expanding the role of this transcription factor into the regulation of ribosome formation, additional transport functions, and unique sRNAs.
Experimental Results in Synchronous-Clock One-Way-Travel-Time Acoustic Navigation for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

This paper reports recent experimental results in the development and deployment of a synchronous-clock acoustic navigation system suitable for the simultaneous navigation of multiple underwater vehicles. The goal of this work is to enable the task of navigating multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) over length scales of O(100 km), while maintaining error tolerances commensurate with conventional long-baseline transponder-based navigation systems (i.e., O(1 m)), but without the requisite need for deploying, calibrating, and recovering seafloor anchored acoustic transponders. Our navigation system is comprised of an acoustic modem-based communication/navigation system that allows for onboard navigational data to be broadcast as a data packet by a source node, and for all passively receiving nodes to be able to decode the data packet to obtain a one-way travel time pseudo-range measurement and ephemeris data. We present results for two different field experiments using a two-node configuration consisting of a global positioning system (GPS) equipped surface ship acting as a global navigation aid to a Doppler-aided AUV. In each experiment, vehicle position was independently corroborated by other standard navigation means. Initial results for a maximum-likelihood sensor fusion framework are reported.
Household Contact Study of Bordetella pertussis Infections

Household contacts of primary pertussis cases were evaluated. Infection was determined by culture, direct fluorescent antibody assay, and serological criteria. Agglutinin titers and values of ELISA IgG and IgA antibodies to lymphocytosis-promoting factor, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin were determined. In 39 households 255 subjects were exposed; 114 remained well (group 1), 53 had mild illness (group 2), and 88 had pertussis (group 3). The infection rates were 46% (group 1), 43% (group 2), and 80% (group 3). In a subgroup of subjects seen within 14-28 days of exposure, it was found that none with clinical pertussis had a value of IgG antibody to pertactin in acute-phase sera of > or = 50 ELISA units (EU) per mL or an agglutinin titer of > 256. Of the primary cases, 53% were > or = 13 years of age. These data point out the importance of Bordetella pertussis infections in adolescents and adults as a source of infection in young children. Our subgroup data suggest that high values of antibody to pertactin and high agglutinin titers may be predictive of protection against clinical pertussis.
Embedding multilevel structures into massively parallel hypercubes-connection machine results for computer vision algorithms

Investigates the problem of embedding multilevel structures into hypercubes. The widely used pyramid belongs to the class of multilevel structures. Although several algorithms have been proposed for embedding pyramids into hypercubes, there do not exist algorithms for embedding general multilevel structures. For the special case of the pyramid, this research carries out a comparative analysis that involves four embedding algorithms. Results for a Connection Machine system CM-2 containing 16384 processors are presented, including the general case. >
γδ T cells protect against LPS‐induced lung injury

γδ T lymphocytes are a unique T cell population with important anti-inflammatory capabilities. Their role in acute lung injury, however, is poorly understood but may provide significant insight into lung-protective mechanisms occurring after injury. In a murine model of lung injury, wild-type C57BL/6 and TCRδ(-/-) mice were exposed to Escherichia coli LPS, followed by analysis of γδ T cell and macrophage subsets. In the absence of γδ T cells, TCRδ(-/-) mice developed increased inflammation and alveolar-capillary leak compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice after LPS exposure that correlated with expansion of distinct macrophage populations. Classically activated M1 macrophages were increased in the lung of TCRδ(-/-) mice at d 1, 4, and 7 after LPS exposure that peaked at d 4 and persisted at d 7 compared with wild-type animals. In response to LPS, Vγ1 and Vγ7 γδ T cells were expanded in the lung and expressed IL-4. Coculture experiments showed decreased expression of TNF-α by resident alveolar macrophages in the presence of γδ T cells that was reversed in the presence of an anti-IL-4-blocking antibody. Treatment of mice with rIL4 resulted in reduced numbers of M1 macrophages, inflammation, and alveolar-capillary leak. Therefore, one mechanism by which Vγ1 and Vγ7 γδ T cells protect against LPS-induced lung injury is through IL-4 expression, which decreases TNF-α production by resident alveolar macrophages, thus reducing accumulation of M1 macrophages, inflammation, and alveolar-capillary leak.
Is it a sprint or a marathon? when is the arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at risk to lose the race for healing?: Commentary on an article by Joseph P. Iannotti, MD, PhD, et al.: "Time to failure after rotator cuff repair. a prospective imaging study".

The success of procedures such as arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs may be thought of as a race between tendon-to-bone healing and the disruptive forces of load and motion. Iannotti et al. report on the timing of failure of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over a one-year follow-up period in a prospective, multicenter cohort. The most important novel finding in this study is that half of the retears occurred between three and six months after surgery, later than has been reported in earlier studies. Retears were not correlated with clinical outcomes but were correlated with shoulder strength at the one-year follow-up evaluation. This study is an important contribution as it is the first to analyze time to failure with use of serial MRI after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. While the risk of a retear after arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff has been well documented1, data on when retears occur are relatively limited. A couple of recent studies have used ultrasound to evaluate survivorship of rotator cuff repairs2,3. In a prospective study of twenty-two rotator cuff tears larger than 3 cm that were fixed arthroscopically, Miller …
Cardiotropic viral infection in HIV-associated cardiomyopathy: pathogen or innocent bystander?

Clinical cardiovascular presentations associated with HIV infection include myocarditis, pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), arrhythmias and vascular disease. The incidence of cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and pericardial diseases correlates with the severity of HIV infection as measured by low CD4 count or high viral titre. In retrospective series and autopsy studies performed in the pre-HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) era, the incidence of cardiac involvement in patients with HIV ranged from 6-79%. In areas where HAART is readily available, the incidence of primary cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected patients is decreasing, but the prevalence of all cardiac disease, including atherosclerosis, in these patients is increasing due to improved survival rates.
Stationary Phase as Color Reagent in Glass Paper Chromatography of Estrogens

A new technic has been described for the chromatographic separation of estrogens. It includes the use of a dual-purpose system where the impregnating material of the stationary phase (p-toluene sulfonic acid) is used as a color reagent after the separation is complete. This novel approach precludes the need for a spraying or dipping step to achieve the desired color reaction. Quantitation by densitometry and fluorescence is also detailed.
The logic and opportunities of secondary analysis in entrepreneurship research

Information is offered to help researchers accustomed to primary research to understand the nature, forms, and opportunities of secondary analysis of entrepreneurial datasets. This chapter supplements work published in 1992 and 1993. Secondary analysis is generally faster and based on higher quality research than primary analysis. The important role that these advantages of secondary research have played in entrepreneurship research is discussed. The types of secondary analysis available are described, including the degrees of freedom approach. Secondary analysis may refer either to statistical studies of previously existing raw data or of previously existing summaries of raw data. Finally, a variety of datasets and research opportunities are listed and overviewed, including those from published studies, commercial sources, the government, and nongovernmental archives.(LMH)
Introduction to the Special Issue: Emotion Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Process

In the past 15 years, there has been an exponential growth in the study of affective processes in psychopathology to the point that a new discipline has emerged, clinical affective science. In this respect, the emotion regulation framework has begun to be utilized in order identify transdiagnostic and disorder-specific aspects of dysfunction. This Special Issue seeks to advance the work on emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor by presenting 12 empirical articles that include the latest, most cutting edge research on emotion regulation across mental disorders. The commentary, written by James Gross and his colleagues, outlines crucial future directions for transdiagnostic work on emotion regulation and, more broadly, for the growth of clinical affective science.
Better -50X Faster - $12M Cheaper An Example From ISS GN&C Systems Flight Readiness Certification

*This paper describes the systems e ngineering approach, claimed to be “better, faster, cheaper”, used for Flight Readiness Certification of the International Space Station Guidance Navigation & Control systems. Using screening analysis, substantial productivity gains have been obtained duri ng the past six years. Screening analysis and associated tools have provided the order -of -magnitude improvement compared to an all legacy high -fidelity simulation analysis approach. Based on actual expenditures, and by costing the screening effort using si mulation analysis expenditures, savings of $12,000,000 have been achieved. By using linear time -invariant flex structural models, automated simulation configuration, analysis and documentation features, execution speed is improved 50 times. Risk reduction is obtained due to confidence in predicted system behavior in the presence of uncertainties. The key enabling feature is identified as change of approach in how the task is performed, both in system engineering approach and computational infrastructure. It is also shown that confidence is both cheaper and faster to obtain than accuracy and that accuracy does not correspond to confidence.
A Comparison of the Sensitivities and Specificities of Different Substrates for the Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Test

Six different commercially available substrates for fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) testing were compared with mouse liver, using a panel of well--characterized sera. Mouse liver sections and cultured HEP2 cells appeared to be most sensitive and specific. Although most substrates were acceptable, several were quite insensitive. These results underscore the importance of substrate performance in FANA testing.
Abstract SY41-01: Tumor-endothelial transdifferentiation

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and highly resistant to intensive combination therapies and anti-VEGF therapies. To assess the resistance mechanism to anti-VEGF therapy, we examined the vessels of GBMs in tumors that were induced by the transduction of p53+/− heterozygous mice with lentiviral vectors containing oncogenes and the marker GFP in the hippocampus of GFAP-Cre recombinase (Cre) mice. We were surprised to observe GFP+ vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Transplantation of mouse GBM cells revealed that the tumor-derived endothelial cells (TDECs) originated from tumor-initiating cells and did not result from cell fusion of ECs and tumor cells. An in vitro differentiation assay suggested that hypoxia is an important factor in the differentiation of tumor cells to ECs and is independent of VEGF. TDEC formation was not only resistant to an anti-VEGF receptor inhibitor in mouse GBMs but it led to an increase in their frequency. A xenograft model of human GBM spheres from clinical specimens and direct clinical samples from patients with GBM also showed the presence of TDECs. We suggest that the TDEC is an important player in the resistance to anti-VEGF therapy, and hence a potential target for GBM therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY41-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY41-01
Ultralow thermal conductivity of fullerene derivatives

Recently, Duda et al. [J. C. Duda, P. E. Hopkins, Y. Shen, and M. C. Gupta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 015902 (2013)] reported that the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C${}_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) has the lowest thermal conductivity \ensuremath{\Lambda} ever observed in a fully dense solid, \ensuremath{\Lambda} \ensuremath{\approx} 0.03 W m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ K${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We have investigated a variety of phases and microstructures of PCBM and the closely related compound [6,6]-phenyl-C${}_{61}$-butyric acid n-butyl ester (PCBNB) and find that the thermal conductivities of PCBM and PCBNB films are mostly limited to the range 0.05 \ensuremath{\Lambda} 0.06 W m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ K${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ with a few samples having slightly higher \ensuremath{\Lambda}. The conductivities we observe are \ensuremath{\approx}70$%$ larger than reported by Duda et al. but are still ``ultralow'' in the sense that the thermal conductivity is a factor of \ensuremath{\approx}3 below the conductivity predicted by the minimum thermal conductivity model using an estimate of the thermally excited modes per molecule.
Bare platinum vs matrix detachable coils for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a multivariate logistic regression analysis and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Despite increasing acceptance of endovascular coiling for treating intracranial aneurysms, incomplete occlusion remains a limitation. Attempts to reduce recanalization have prompted creation of polyglycolic/polylactic acid-coated (Matrix) coils shown to improve neointima formation; however, previous publications demonstrate conflicting results regarding their efficacy. Few studies account for factors influencing recurrence, and only 4 studies include bare platinum (BP) coil control groups. OBJECTIVE To compare initial and short- and mid-term occlusion as well as retreatment rates using Matrix compared with BP coils. METHODS Retrospective review of patients undergoing coiling of cerebral aneurysms from 2001 to 2005 was performed. Analysis included a multivariate logistic regression model designed to detect a 35% absolute difference in initial occlusion between coil treatment groups with 80% power. RESULTS Complete initial occlusion was achieved in 64% of BP (n = 45) and 63% of Matrix (n = 56) cases (P = 1.0). Follow-up occlusion rates in the short term and mid term were 52% and 60%, respectively, for BP cases and 42% and 67%, respectively, for Matrix cases (P = .24 and P = .38, respectively). After adjusting for size, morphology, volumetric packing density, location, rupture, and balloon remodeling, no difference in initial and subsequent occlusion or retreatment rates for BP coils versus Matrix coils was appreciated. CONCLUSION After controlling for factors influencing recanalization, this investigation failed to show a significant difference between coil groups.
Time Regulations as Electoral Policy

Having had more or less sleep changes mood and behavior; for example, more sleep associates with greater productivity and a perception that more time is available. This changes the time cost of voting in ways particularly important for the United States, where the general elections are sometimes but not always held 2 days after a 25-hr day, when people typically have had more time to catch up on sleep. Election returns and surveys confirm that circumstances where the election occurs 2 days after a long day produce higher turnout, suggesting a role for factors that affect sleep in political behavior.
A Comparison of Temperature Data from Automated and Manual Observing Networks in Georgia and Impacts of Siting Characteristics

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to compare average monthly and seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures of the Georgia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network (AEMN) to those of geographically close (i.e., paired) manual observations from U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) stations and Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) stations for the period 2002–13, and to evaluate the extent to which differences in siting characteristics of paired AEMN–USHCN stations contribute to the temperature differences. Correlations for monthly and seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures of paired AEMN–USHCN and AEMN–COOP stations were high and almost always significant, although the correlations for seasonal minimum temperatures were slightly lower than those of maximum temperatures, especially for summer. Monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and seasonal maximum temperatures of paired AEMN–USHCN and AEMN–COOP stations were significantly different in only a few instances, while seasonal minimum tem...
Study on detection method of tetramine intoxication by GC-MS/MS

Objective In order to deal with the acute and chronic poisoning cases of tetramine,it is very necessary to establish a qualitative and quantitative method for detecting tetramine by Gas chromatography-mess spectrum( GC-MS / MS) with high sensitivity and good accuracy. Methods The target compound of tetramine was concentrated after being extracted from samples with ethyl acetate,and then was analyzed by GC-MS / MS. Three characteristic ions of tetramine( m / z 131. 9,m / z 211. 9,m / z 239. 9) as the parent ions were collided with different voltage,thereby their daughter ions could be acquired repectively.We selected an ion pair( 239. 9 →41. 9) which has higher response value as quantitative iron pairs from 5 ion pairs( 239. 9 →41. 9; 239. 9→132; 211. 9→131. 9; 211. 9→92; 131. 9→42. 1),the other ion pairs as identification iron pairs. Detection was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring( MRM). Results The method showed a positive correlation in the concentration range of 0. 003 μg / ml ~ 2. 0 μg / ml of tetramine,r = 0. 999 6. The recovery rate was 99. 0%,and the relative standard derivations was 5. 1%. The detection limit of liquid sample was 0. 000 03 μg / ml( 0. 000 2 μg / ml for blood sample),and the detection limit of solid sample was 0. 000 1 μg / g. Conclusion This establishedmethod has a high sensitivity and accuracy,and it has a lower detection limit. It's suitable for the detection of trace amounts of tetramine.
Determination of triterpenoids in ganoderma and health food

Objective:To establish a method for determination of triterpenoids in ganoderma and health food.Methods: Triterpenoids were extracted using acetic ether and produced substances with a characteristic color under hot acid conditions with the presence of perchloric acid and vanillin;the coloration was sensitive and stable.The content of triterpenoids was calculated based on the absorbance of the sample solution measured at 548 nm.Results: A good linear relationship was demonstrated between the absorbance values and the concentrations of the reference substance,ursolic acid,over the range of 2.0 μg/ml~24.0 μg/ml(r=0.9991);the mean recovery rate was 97.49% and the RSD was 2.21%.Conclusion: Spectrophotometry is practical,sensitive,rapid and relatively accurate and cost-effective;it is applicable to determination of triterpenoids in ganoderma and health food.
Loose fragments and other debris: miscellaneous synovial and marrow disorders.

SUMMARY Evaluation of the synovium and marrow should be a part of every routine interpretation of MR imaging of the knee. Symptoms related to synovial and marrow abnormalities may mimic other traumatic and degenerative causes of knee pain. MR imaging allows assessment of normal and symptomatic synovial plica, inflammatory and noninflammatory synovitis, osteochondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and other synovial abnormalities. Knowledge of the normal appearance of fatty and hematopoietic marrow and conditions that lead to an increase in red marrow is important when interpreting MR images. Infarcts, osteochondritis dissecans, arthritis, infection, and tumors may each produce changes in marrow signal intensity.
Evaluation of patient experience and satisfaction with CAD-CAM-fabricated complete dentures: A retrospective survey study.

Abstract Statement of problem Reports of sound, evidence-based treatment outcomes of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) of complete dentures (CD) are lacking in publication databases. Purpose The purpose of this retrospective survey study was to assess patient preferences and satisfaction when treated with digitally fabricated CDs, by using a questionnaire. Material and methods A total of 50 patients who received digital CDs were included in this study. A 10-item questionnaire was sent to the patients in order to assess their satisfaction with their digital CD experience. The items, or statements listed, were concerned with patient satisfaction and also the treatment technique and final outcome. Results of patient satisfaction questions were evaluated using descriptive statistics, means, and medians. All statistical tests were performed using commercially available software. Responses to the questionnaire provided by patients were analyzed using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test (α=.05). Results The questionnaire was sent to 50 patients, and the total patient response rate after treatment intervention was 38% (n=19). Data obtained from questionnaire responses revealed that patients were generally pleased and satisfied with digital CDs. The chi-squared test results revealed no statistically significant differences ( P =.180) in the ratings of experienced CD wearers. However, 70% of experienced CD patients agreed that their new digital CDs were "better" than their previous set of CDs. In all categories evaluated, patients gave positive responses regarding their digital CDs. Conclusions Results of this questionnaire-driven study suggest that ratings from experienced CD wearers rehabilitated with CAD-CAM-fabricated CDs did not differ significantly from their previous ratings of conventional CDs, but overall, their satisfaction ratings of their digital CDs tended to be positive.
The molecular and dielectric properties of tetrahalogenated methanes

For the investigation of the relations between dielectric properties and molecular characteristics, the tetrahalogenated methanes provide a series of molecules which deviate in shape only a little from that of a sphere and in dipole moment only a little from zero. The dielectric constants of many of them have been measured in the liquid and solid states over a wide range of temperature at a frequency of 5 kilocycles, and, when not too volatile for the available apparatus, their dielectric constants and losses have been measured in the liquid state at wavelengths of 1.24, 3.22 cm., and, occasionally, 10 cm., and used to calculate the critical wavelengths, at which the loss is a maximum, and the corresponding relaxation times. The molecular dipole moments have been calculated from the loss data, and the viscosities of the liquids have been measured.
A MAGIC population-based genome-wide association study reveals functional association of GhRBB1_A07 gene with superior fiber quality in cotton.

Cotton supplies a great majority of natural fiber for the global textile industry. The negative correlation between yield and fiber quality has hindered breeders’ ability to improve these traits simultaneously. A multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population developed through random-mating of multiple diverse parents has the ability to break this negative correlation. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is a method that can rapidly identify and genotype a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Genotyping a MAGIC population using GBS technologies will enable us to identify marker-trait associations with high resolution. An Upland cotton MAGIC population was developed through random-mating of 11 diverse cultivars for five generations. In this study, fiber quality data obtained from four environments and 6071 SNP markers generated via GBS and 223 microsatellite markers of 547 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the MAGIC population were used to conduct a genome wide association study (GWAS). By employing a mixed linear model, GWAS enabled us to identify markers significantly associated with fiber quantitative trait loci (QTL). We identified and validated one QTL cluster associated with four fiber quality traits [short fiber content (SFC), strength (STR), length (UHM) and uniformity (UI)] on chromosome A07. We further identified candidate genes related to fiber quality attributes in this region. Gene expression and amino acid substitution analysis suggested that a regeneration of bulb biogenesis 1 (GhRBB1_A07) gene is a candidate for superior fiber quality in Upland cotton. The DNA marker CFBid0004 designed from an 18 bp deletion in the coding sequence of GhRBB1_A07 in Acala Ultima is associated with the improved fiber quality in the MAGIC RILs and 105 additional commercial Upland cotton cultivars. Using GBS and a MAGIC population enabled more precise fiber QTL mapping in Upland cotton. The fiber QTL and associated markers identified in this study can be used to improve fiber quality through marker assisted selection or genomic selection in a cotton breeding program. Target manipulation of the GhRBB1_A07 gene through biotechnology or gene editing may potentially improve cotton fiber quality.
Diamond microcomponents shape up

The use of diamond microstructures in medical and industrial applications has moved a step closer to reality now that researchers in the US have combined a process for "lifting off" thin high-quality layers of diamond with highly selective laser etching techniques. The lift-off process developed by John Hunn of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, and Nalin Parikh of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, was something of a curiosity until Paul Christensen of Potomac Photonics in Maryland brought along his argon fluoride excimer lasers to produce the micromotor and star shown in the figure (J D Hunn et al. 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 3072).
Emergency department visits related to functional abdominal pain in the pediatric age group

To analyze visits to and admissions from the emergency department (ED) in children with a primary diagnosis of functional abdominal pain (FAP). This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (HCUP-NEDS 2008-2012). FAP-related ED visits were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The most frequent secondary diagnoses associated with FAP-related ED visits were also extracted. In 2012, a total of 796,665 children presented to the ED with a primary diagnosis of FAP. This correlated to a rate of 11.5 ED visits/1000 population. The highest incidence of ED visits was observed for children in the 10-14-year age group; median (IQR) age of 11 (8) years. In analyzing the temporal trends associated with FAP-related ED visits, we observed an increase in both the overall number of visits (14.0%) as well as the population-adjusted incidence (16.0%) during the period 2008-2012. This coincided with a decreasing trend in hospital admissions from the ED; from 1.4% in 2008 to 1.0% in 2012 (-28.5%). The overwhelming majority (96.7%) of patients with FAP who presented to the ED were treated and released. On multivariate analysis, the leading factor associated with an increased likelihood of admission from the ED was teaching hospital status (aOR 2.07; 95% CI 1.97 to 2.18). The secondary diagnosis most commonly associated with FAP-related ED visits was nausea and/or emesis (19.8%). Pediatric FAP-related ED visits increased significantly from the period 2008 to 2012. However, the incidence of hospital admissions from the ED declined during the same period.