cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biobehavioral treatment and rehabilitation of schizophrenia

The psychopathology and associated disabilities experienced by persons with schizophrenia have only partially responded to conventional pharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches. Biobehavioral therapy employs behavioral assessment, social learning principles, and skills training to amplify the effects of pharmacotherapy. An integrated biobehavioral therapy-aiming at early detection and treatment of schizophrenic symptoms, collaboration between patients and caregivers in managing treatment, family and social skills training, and teaching coping skills—has been documented to improve the course and outcome of schizophrenia as measured by symptom recurrence, social functioning, and quality of life. Biobehavioral therapies must be delivered in the context of continuous treatment teams, assertive case management, and a full range of medical, social, and community support services that together can optimize outcomes.
Accurate numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation by iterative Lanczos reduction

The Lanczos recursion algorithm is used to determine forward-propagating solutions for both the paraxial and Helmholtz wave equations for longitudinally invariant refractive indices. By eigenvalue analysis it is demonstrated that the method gives extremely accurate solutions to both equations.
Analysis of data from the LEDA wire scanner/halo scraper

A new diagnostic has been designed and commissioned that measures the profile of the beam in the halo channel of the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This paper describes the algorithms written to analyze the data from that diagnostic, a combined wire scanner and halo scraper. These algorithms determine the safe insertions limit of the scrapers, spatially differentiate the scraper signal, amalgamate the wire scanner data with the differentiated scraper data, determine when both the core and combined distributions rise above the noise floor, and compute the moments of the combined distribution. Results of applying the algorithms to data acquired during experiments matching the beam into the halo channel are presented.
The importance of interpersonal communication in poison centers

AbstractBackground. Poison control center (PCC) personnel face many challenges in communicating with callers and with each other. The purpose of this study was to identify interpersonal communication issues that affect the work environment within PCCs. Methods. As part of a larger questionnaire study distributed electronically to members of the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) to assess communication training needs for PCCs, three questions were included to assess interpersonal communication within the work environment: (1) How important is interpersonal communication within your center to a positive work environment? (not at all to extremely important, 1–7); (2) How disruptive is interpersonal communication to your work? (not at all to extremely disruptive, 1–7); and (3) What communication issues do you find most disruptive to your work? (free-text response). Descriptive and qualitative content analyses were used to identify themes in responses. Results. A total of 537 responses wer...
On Spanish comparative subdeletion constructions

. In this paper I explore the two strategies (i.e. Inversion and Obligatory Gapping) allowed in Spanish to form comparative subdeletion constructions (cf. Knowles 1984, Price 1990 and Rivero 1981). I show that the two strategies are related and derive from the same source. That is, the NP containing the quantity term must undergo overt movement to check a strong focus feature in the Inversion Strategy. If the feature is not checked, the derivation can still be rescued by deleting the strong feature in PF. Once the strong feature is erased from the derivation, the resulting grammatical sentence constitutes an instance of the Obligatory Gapping Strategy.
Statistical inference for the extended generalized inverse Gaussian model

This paper deals with the extended generalized inverse Gaussian (EGIG) distribution which has more than one turning point of the failure rate for certain values of the parameters. The EGIG model is a versatile model for analysing lifetime data and has one additional parameter, δ, than the GIG model's three parameters [B. Jorgensen, Statistical Properties of the Generalized Inverse Gaussian Distribution, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982]. For the EGIG model, the maximum-likelihood estimation of the four parameters is discussed and a score test is developed for testing the importance of the additional parameter, δ. A non-central chi-square approximation to the power of the score test is provided. Simulation studies are carried out to examine the performance of the score test and the Wald confidence intervals. Finally, an example discussed by Jorgensen [5] is provided to illustrate that the EGIG model fits the data better than the GIG of Jorgensen [5]. Three other examples are presented and the power comparis...
A lung disease model to predict the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide therapy

Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) therapy was evaluated with a model of neonatal lung disease. INO was effective in treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension at doses of 20 and 80 ppm. Severe parenchymal lung disease would respond if 20 ppm INO could eliminate pulmonary shunts. INO may be ineffective for less severe disease compared to oxygen support.
The role of growth factors in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy afflicts 60% of all diabetic patients. Underlying the clinical disorder is the loss or degeneration of neurons, Schwann cells, and neuronal fibers. This degenerative pathology has prompted interest in the potential of growth factors as a therapy in diabetic neuropathy. Three lines of evidence support the theory that growth factors may be important in this disorder: (1) endogenous growth factors promote survival and health of neurons, (2) expression levels of growth factors are altered in diabetic neuropathy and peripheral neuron injury, and (3) growth factors induce neuronal regeneration in in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic injury. This review surveys the roles of several growth factors in diabetic neuropathy, including the neurotrophins, insulin-like growth factors, cytokine-like growth factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These growth factors are examined in terms of their expression during peripheral nerve injury and their protective and regenerative effects on peripheral neurons. Growth factor-mediated neuroprotective signaling is discussed, particularly in relation to the recent research, suggesting that diabetic neuropathy-induced degeneration stems from oxidative stress. Finally, the potential of growth factors as therapeutic agents is addressed, including an assessment of past growth factor clinical trials and other potential avenues of growth factor therapy.
Scrambling in ethane molecular ion: An INDO model for hydrogen exchange before mass spectral fragmentation

INDO calculations for previously proposed activated complexes for scrambling in ethane molecular ion suggest that the structure equivalent to diborane is more stable than one in which hydrogens on the same side of the molecule exchange positions.
Family planning as a critical component of sustainable global development

No abstract available. (Published: 9 November 2015) Responsible Editor: Peter Byass, Umea University, Sweden. Citation: Glob Health Action 2015, 8 : 29978 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.29978 This paper is part of the Special Issue: Countdown to 2015 for maternal, newborn and child survival . More papers from this issue can be found at http://www.globalhealthaction.net
Opposing roles of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in Ras-mediated downregulation of tropomyosin.

We showed previously that activated Ras, but not Raf, causes transformation of RIE-1 epithelial cells, demonstrating the importance of Raf-independent pathways in mediating Ras transformation. To assess the mechanism by which Raf-independent effector signaling pathways contribute to Ras-mediated transformation, we recently utilized representational difference analysis to identify genes expressed in a deregulated fashion by activated Ras but not Raf. One gene identified in these analyses encodes for α-tropomyosin. Therefore, we evaluated the mechanism by which Ras causes the downregulation of tropomyosin expression. By using RIE-1 cells that harbor inducible expression of activated H-Ras(12V), we determined that the downregulation of tropomyosin expression correlated with the onset of morphological transformation. We found that the reversal of Ras transformation caused by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation corresponded to a restoration of tropomyosin expression. Inhibition of p38 activity in Raf-expressing RIE-1 cells caused both morphological transformation and loss of tropomyosin expression. Thus, a reduction in tropomyosin expression correlated strictly with morphological transformation of RIE-1 cells. However, forced overexpression of tropomyosin in Ras-transformed cells did not reverse morphological or growth transformation, a finding consistent with the possibility that multiple changes in gene expression contribute to Ras transformation. We also determined that tropomyosin expression was low in two human tumor cell lines, DLD-1 and HT1080, that harbor endogenous mutated alleles of ras, but high in transformation-impaired, derivative cell lines in which the mutant ras allele has been genetically deleted. Finally, treatment with azadeoxycytidine restored tropomyosin expression in Ras-transformed RIE-1, HT1080, and DLD-1 cells, suggesting a role for DNA methylation in downregulating tropomyosin expression.
Signaling cost evaluation of SIGMA

Mobile IP (MIP) [1] is the standard proposed by IETF to handle mobility of Internet hosts for mobile data communication. Several drawbacks exist when using MIP in a mobile computing environment, the most important issues of MIP identified to date are high handover latency, and high packet loss rate. Even with various recent proposed enhancements such as HMIPv6, FMIPv6, Mobile IP still can not completely remove the latency associated handover, and the resulting packet loss rate is still high [2]. A number of transport layer mobility protocols have been proposed in the context of TCP, for example, MSOCKS and connection migration solution. These protocols tried to implement mobility as an end-to-end service without the requirement on the network layer infrastructures; they are not aimed at reducing the high latency and packet loss resulted from handovers. The handover latency for these schemes is in the scale of seconds. We designed a new scheme for supporting low latency, low packet loss mobility called Seamless IP diversity based Generalized Mobility Architecture (SIGMA) [3]. SIGMA relies on the signaling message exchange between the MH, correspondent node (CN), and location manager (LM). For every handover, MH need to send binding update and location update to CN and LM, respectively. For SIGMA to be useful in real world wireless system, all these signaling messages should not cost too much network bandwidth to leave no space for payload data transmission. The signaling cost analysis for MIP protocols are presented earlier in [4], [5], but there is no work done in extensively analyzing the signaling cost of transport layer mobility solutions. The objective of this paper is to look into the signaling cost required by SIGMA. The contributions of our paper can be outlined as follows:
Does Marijuana Use Serve as a Gateway to Cigarette Use for High-Risk African-American Youth?

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to test whether the gateway hypothesis of drug initiation sequencing applies equally well to high-risk African-American and Caucasian youth. Methods: The study sample (N = 618, mean age = 15.5, SD = 1.2) represented the population of residents in the Missouri Division of Youth Services (DYS) who had initiated marijuana and nicotine use. Results: As hypothesized, African-American youth were significantly more likely to initiate marijuana use before cigarette use. Over one-third of African Americans reported initiating marijuana before cigarettes (37.9%), compared to less than one-quarter of youth in the other ethnic groups (Caucasian = 17.3%, Latino/Latina = 21.7%, Biracial/Other = 20.8%). Further, multinomial simulation and logistic regression models revealed that African-American youth were significantly more likely than other ethnic groups to initiate marijuana before cigarettes (Adjusted OR = 3.53, CI = 1.92–6.46). Conclusions/Scientific Sign...
JHU/APL Experiments at CLEF: Translation Resources and Score Normalization

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory participated in three of the five tasks of the CLEF-2001 evaluation, monolingual retrieval, bilingual retrieval, and multilingual retrieval. In this paper we describe the fundamental methods we used and we present initial results from three experiments. The first investigation examines whether residual inverse document frequency can improve the term weighting methods used with a linguistically-motivated probabilistic model. The second experi-ment attempts to assess the benefit of various translation resources for cross-language retrieval. Our last effort aims to improve cross-collection score normalization, a task essential for the multilingual problem.
Relationships among Prison Adjustment, Beliefs, and Cognitive Coping Style:

This study examined the relationships among prison adjustment, response-outcome and self-efficacy beliefs, cognitive coping style, and circumstantial variables (time served, age, and education) for 48 inmates who were in an anger management program. The number of "disciplinaries" received and the level of negative affect of participants correlated with (a) a belief that behavior did not affect treatment in prison, (b) a belief that it was not possible to control one's own behavior, (c) a tendency to blame others when unpleasant events occur, and (d) longer time served in prison.
Climate Change and Transportation Engineering: Preparing for a Sustainable Future

Climate change has been identified by many scientists, engineers, and public officials as one of the significant challenges facing society over the next several decades. And of civil engineered facilities, the transportation network is likely to be one of the systems most affected by changing climate, weather, and local environmental conditions. This paper examines the current practice of looking at transportation system adaptation to climate changes and develops a conceptual framework of the different components of transportation infrastructure that will be affected differently by a range of climate changes. An adaptive systems management approach is suggested as one approach for transportation engineers to anticipate likely climate changes, identify vulnerabilities in the transportation system, and assess different strategies for mitigating potential impacts. The result of this approach is a strategic perspective on what transportation agencies should do today and in the future to respond to changing environmental conditions. Developing an organizational strategy for dealing with the different elements of these changes is a critical component of this strategic perspective.
Evaluation of epithelial and keratin markers in glioblastoma multiforme: an immunohistochemical study.

Objective Poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma may be difficult to distinguish histologically from high-grade astrocytic malignant neoplasms, particularly on small open or stereotactic biopsy specimens. Previous authors have reported that a subset of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) variably stains with cytokeratin immunomarkers. The authors examined a panel of epithelial and keratin antibodies by paraffin immunohistochemistry to evaluate the immunophenotype of GBM for these markers and to determine what combination of immunostains would be optimal in distinguishing GBM from metastatic carcinoma. Methods Twenty-three patients with GBM (age range, 19-86 years; mean, 63.4 years; 14 men and 9 women) and 22 patients with metastatic carcinoma (age range, 26-77 years; mean, 58.1 years; 7 men and 15 women) to the brain were studied with a panel of immunostains, including glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), Ber-EP4, antikeratin monoclonal antibodies AE1/3, and antibodies to CAM 5.2 and cytokeratins 7 (CK7) and 20 (CK20). Sites of origin for the metastatic tumors included lung (n = 11), breast (n = 5), endometrium (n = 1), prostate (n = 1), colon (n = 1), presumed kidney (n = 1), and unknown (n = 2). Results All GBMs stained positive for GFAP (100%), and all but 1 (95.7%) stained positive for cytokeratins AE1/3. Only rare focal immunoreactivity was observed in a single case of GBM with CAM 5.2 (4.3%), CK7 (4.3%), and CK20 (4.3%). Immunoreactivity with Ber-EP4 was not observed in any of the GBMs (0.0%). All cases of metastatic carcinoma stained positive with cytokeratins AE1/3 (100%) and CAM 5.2 (100%). Variable staining was observed in carcinomas with CK7 (17 of 22, 77.3%), Ber-EP4 (11 of 22, 50.0%), and CK20 (9 of 22, 40.9%). Three metastatic carcinomas showed rare GFAP-positive staining cells (13.6%). Conclusions Based on the aforementioned results, a combination of immunostains, including GFAP and cytokeratin CAM5.2, may be the most useful in differentiating poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma from GBM. A significant number of GBMs stain with some cytokeratin markers, in particular cytokeratins AE1/3. Because of the poor specificity of cytokeratins AE1/3 in distinguishing metastatic carcinoma from GBM, it should not be used to differentiate the 2 entities.
Pade approximations to matched filter amplitude probability functions

Performance analysis of echolocation systems requires the probability density function (pdf) or survival function of a matched filter output. A method is presented to derive approximations to these functions using a Pade approximation to their associated characteristic function (CF). The method is based on the Hankel transform. It allows computation of detection probabilities when the matched filter responses to clutter and a target are separately known. Several numerical examples are presented.
Tetrafluorine‐Containing Ketones and Acetoacetates: Synthesis and Mechanistic Study

Addition of trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetate to the carbanions of a-fluorobenzyl-phosphonate (3) or diisopropyl(fluorocarbethoxymethyl)phosphonate (9) formed the corresponding intermediates [CF 3 C(O)CFPh] - Li + (10) and [CF 3 C(O)CFCO 2 Et]Li + (11), respectively. Subsequent protonation, alkylation or allylation of 10 and 11 afforded trifluoromethyl fluorobenzyl ketones 12 and ethyl 2,4,4,4-tetrafluoroacetoacetates 13. Based on the results obtained, a plausible mechanism was proposed.
Biotic homogenization of the California flora in urban and urbanizing regions.

Abstract Biotic homogenization, driven by native species losses and invasive species gains was investigated for the flora of California. Data from a variety of available databases were aggregated at the county level to examine patterns in county population density and growth in relation to floristic change. Based on population, California was divided into three zones: high ( n = 9; 257–1320 people/km 2 ), medium ( n = 25; 28–177 people/km 2 ), and low ( n = 24; 1–24 people/km 2 ) density counties. Examining patterns of rare plant occurrences among these counties revealed that high and medium density counties contained, on average, as many or more rare and endemic species than low density counties. The largest pool of these species, 48 percent of the 962 highly threatened taxa in California, is restricted to high and medium density counties. Thus, urban and urbanizing counties play a strategic role in maintaining a part of California’s flora that is both globally significant and threatened with extinction. Examining species losses and noxious weed additions across high density counties, reveals a consistent pattern of low similarity among species that have been extirpated from high density counties and a high similarity among noxious weeds that these counties now share. The consequence is that California’s urban county floras appear to be homogenizing. Examining homogenization using the entire flora for urban counties demonstrates that less similar counties become more similar. The effect of loss of rare species could outweigh the gain in exotics, under an assumption of strong extinction. Finally, a strong negative relationship between population density and the proportion of county land in public ownership suggests that high and medium density counties are in a poor position to protect rare plant populations on a localized basis.
Online community detection in social sensing

The proliferation of location and GPS data streams which are collected in a wide variety of participatory sensing applications has created numerous possibilities for analysis of the underlying patterns of activity. Typically, the spatio-temporal patterns arising from such activity can be analyzed in order to determine the latent community structure in the underlying data. In this paper, we will examine the problem of online community detection from the location data collected from such social sensing applications in real time. Such data brings numerous challenges associated with it, in that they can be of a relatively large scale, and can be extremely noisy from the perspective of both data representation and analysis. Furthermore, the community structure in the underlying data cannot be directly inferred from the shape of the underlying trajectories, since a considerable amount of variation may exist in terms of trajectories of individuals belonging to the same community. In this paper, we will design online algorithms for community detection in social sensing applications. Our algorithm uses a robust and efficiently updateable model with the use of Gibbs sampling, and we will show its effectiveness and efficiency for social sensing applications.
On the structure of rate 1/n convolutional codes

We show what choice there is in assigning output digits to transitions of a binary rate 1/n code trellis so that the latter will correspond to a convolutional code. We then prove that in any rate \frac{1}{2} noncatastrophic code of constraint length \upsilon each binary sequence of length 2j (1 \leq j \leq \upsilon - 1) is associated with exactly 2^{\upsilon -j -1} distinct paths j branches long. As a consequence of the above properties nondegenerate codes with branch complementarity are fully determined by the topological relationship of the trellis transitions associated with output pairs 00. Finally, we derive a new upper bound on free distance of rate 1/n convolutional codes and use our results to determine the length of the largest input sequence that can conceivably result in an output whose weight is
A Role for Balint Groups in Medical Student Training

Stress, burnout, and erosion of empathy are common in medical training. There is growing interest in efforts to buffer against these outcomes. Balint groups, which explore the doctor-patient relationship, may be of value in this regard. Medical students have reported that stressful clinical care-related experiences are common, that many of them go undiscussed, and that their effects are numerous. Ten medical students participated in a Balint group that met every other week for eight sessions. Participants responded positively to the groups, reporting several benefits including: improved empathy, greater acceptance of one’s limitations, authentic shared experience, and improved tolerance to distress. We propose that Balint groups are beneficial to medical students by addressing an unmet need in their curriculum and fostering future physicians who are better prepared to meet personal and professional milestones.
PKC and Resistance to Chemotherapeutic Agents

Despite considerable efforts that have been invested in identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, conventional chemotherapeutic drugs continue to be the major treatment option for cancer patients. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance to these antineoplastic drugs is the major cause of therapy failure. Understanding the molecular basis of chemoresistance is critical to manage this disease successfully. The mechanism(s) of chemoresistance is(are) often multifactorial. The protein kinase C (PKC) family plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and cell death. Numerous studies have implicated members of the PKC family as contributors of chemoresistance. Thus, the PKC signaling pathway could be exploited to overcome chemoresistance. The objective of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of literature on the involvement of PKC in classical multiple drug resistance (MDR), cisplatin resistance, and resistance to apoptosis, which may affect the sensitivity of tumor cells to numerous anticancer drugs.
Naturally occurring toxic substances in foods.

Numerous chemical toxins, including normal components of natural foods, e.g., mycotoxins, and toxic chemicals as contaminants such as pesticides, fertilizers, food additives, and preservatives, which are potentially toxic to humans, are discussed. Potential toxicity, the hazard to man represented by most of these chemicals, may be low because the concentration in food may be low. The gap in our knowledge of long-term effects makes rational decisions as to allowable levels of these substances a major problem. On the other hand, nitrosamines and aflatoxins are toxins for which there exists a voluminous literature documentaing extreme biologic activity in experimental animals and indirect evidence for activity in man. Epidemiologic evidence has linked them to human cancers, and because of increasing evidence of long-term human exposure to these toxins either as inadvertent contaminants during food preparation or as the metabolites of mycotic infestation this possible hazard demands intensive investigation. An exhaustive review of data from epidemiologic surveys in various parts of the world, as well as from long-term laboratory studies, represents an impressive start in this direction.
Juvenile Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry: The Movement Toward Data-Based Innovations

The face of forensic psychology and psychiatry is changing, notably as it is applied to children and adolescents. As suggested in the material in this handbook, there is heightened potential to improve criminal detection practices and use experimental design to test the effectiveness of correctional and treatment services. Unfortunately, there is less evidence of efforts to improve organizational communication (e.g., schools, correctional facilities, police, probation offices, etc.) to facilitate tracking and service provisions for children and adolescents within and across geographical boundaries. Scientific advances in genetics, experimental longitudinal designs, neuroimaging, informatics, and intervention science are core to continued innovation in forensic psychology and psychiatry.
A Brief, Subjective History of Homology and Homotopy Theory in this Century

(1988). A Brief, Subjective History of Homology and Homotopy Theory in This Century. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 282-291.
Carabids: Minimal Role in Pest Management of Corn Rootworms

By reputation, ground beetles are known to be predators. However, neither carabid adults nor larvae come in contact with corn rootworms. Also, the rootworms have become adept in all stages at avoiding ground-dwelling predators. Carabids and rootworms have different habits, and they seldom come together. It is more accurate to call these carabids “opportunists” than predators.
Preserving Privacy of AC Optimal Power Flow Models in Multi-Party Electric Grids

The electric power grid is owned and operated by many competing providers who do not want to reveal their sensitive information to other providers. This competitive environment motivates the use of a third-party (cloud-computing) platform that combines information from each provider and jointly optimizes resources in the entire grid. Since the power system structure and component values are confidential, the third-party computing platform must be either absolutely secure or information needs to be masked before sharing with the third party. In this paper, we propose an approach to obfuscate the sensitive information and solve the multi-party AC optimal power flow problem in a shared computing platform. The initial obfuscation is separately performed by each party so that sensitive information is masked from the third party and all other participants.
Abstract 275: Development of RNAi-dendrimer-based Twist1 inhibitors to reduce metastasis and recurrence in ovarian cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background/Objective: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer, with the vast majority of patients eventually developing a recurrence. One promising novel therapeutic target is Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important step in metastasis, of which loss of E-cadherin is the hallmark. Furthermore, Twist1 is a key component in the differentiation of EOC stem cells into metastatic cancer cells. Methods: We investigated the effectiveness of three siTwist-candidates and two types of Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on intracellular delivery of siRNA to ovarian cancer cell lines. The EOC cell lines TOV112D, TARA R182 (immortalized primary EOC cells) and A2780R (cisplatin-resistant derivatives of the A2780 EOC cell line) were used. Two types of PAMAM dendrimers, Generation 5 (G5) and a new G3 dendrimer (YTZ3-15) were examined, which differ based on the numbers of surface amines. We complexed multiple Twist1-specific siRNA constructs to PAMAM dendrimers to protect fragile RNA and facilitate delivery. We loaded G5 and YTZ3-15 dendrimers with Cy3-labeled siTwist-506 and transfected TOV112D cells with these complexes. Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) and Western blotting were used to evaluate Twist1 knockdown in four EOC cell lines following transfection with siTwist. Results: Bright field and fluorescent microscopy analysis showed that ∼95-98% of TOV112D cells contained Cy3 label, indicating that both the G5 and YTZ3-15 dendrimers can penetrate the cell membranes of EOC cells. Cy3-labeled siTwist-506 led to a 50% reduction in Twist1 mRNA in these cells. Further analysis revealed that novel siRNA sequences siTwist-419 and 494 significantly reduced Twist1 protein expression compared to siTw506 and non-transfected controls, and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed a 80% reduction in Twist1 mRNA in both TARA R182 and A2780R EOC cells. This suggests that siTwist-419 and 494 can lead to optimal Twist1 silencing. Conclusions: Our data support the feasibility of using siTwist-dendriplex approaches to knock down Twist1 expression in EOC cells, by circumventing a major obstacle to the targeting of transcription factors with dendrimer technology. Further studies are needed to prove whether the prevention of Twist1 production will reduce EOC metastases, and prevent recurrences by arresting EOC stem cells in an undifferentiated state. Citation Format: Cai Roberts, James Finlay, Gina Lowe, Thanh H. Dellinger, Ernest Han, Carlotta Glackin. Development of RNAi-dendrimer-based Twist1 inhibitors to reduce metastasis and recurrence in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 275. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-275
Identification and toxicological effects of dehydroretronecine, a metabolite of monocrotaline.

SummaryThe major detectable pyrrole metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, present in the liver, blood, and urine of rats, has been identified as dehydroretronecine. The subcutaneous injection of this metabolite into rats produces ulceration and hemorrhage of the stomach wall. Inhibition of hepatic parenchymal cell mitosis in regenerating liver was recorded within 52 hr following its administration and persisted for at least 6 weeks.
Management for the risk of drug production with hormonal and anti-tumor drugs in one production line

Base on investigating the production situations of common drugs with hormonal drugs or anti-tumor drugs in the same production line,attention should be paid to pharmaceutical enterprise's quality assurance management on preventing cross contamination.Using hazard analysis critical control point(HACCP) situation-based risk management tools,the rank of risk was analyzed,and reasonable suggestions were put forward for critical and major risk factors.We hope to provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to improve their quality assurance level.
Problems in abdominal surgery.

Abdominal exploration should be done in cases of severe abdominal pain or intestinal bleeding or both when there is no clinical evidence of intra-abdominal disease.Laboratory procedures should supplement, not replace, evaluation of physiologic or pathologic changes in establishing clinical diagnosis.Illustrative cases are discussed.
Introduction to the symposium: cyclic AMP regulation of fuel metabolism during exercise.

The actions of a number of hormones on cells are mediated through the plasma membranes that produce intracellular "second" messengers. The physiological functions of one of these messengers, cyclic AMP, have been well characterized in a variety of cell types. Since cyclic AMP mediates the action of beta-adrenergic hormones, hormones thought to play a significant role during exercise, this symposium is directed toward summarizing what is known about the role of cyclic AMP in fuel metabolism during exercise.
Oxygenation of the cortex of the brain of cats during occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion.

Cerebral function is lost within seconds of deprivation of oxygen and within 2–3 minutes anoxic depolarization begins (see Silver, 1977, 1978). This depolarization is characterized by massive loss of K+ and uptake of CI- into cells (Van Harrevald, 1971). If depolarizing conditions continue, there is progressive accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ and degradation of essential cellular components. The extent to which the loss of cellular and brain function can be reversed depends on the time and degree of oxygen deprivation as well as the conditions during and after reoxygenation. Attempts to define the biochemical and physiological parameters responsible for the irreversible damage have met with limited success (for review see Welsh et al, 1982; Raichle, 1983). Analytical limits in the quantitation of oxygen have been particularly vexing. Oxygen deprivation is a relative term and it is important to know the extent to which the residual flow and collateral circulation are providing oxygen to the tissue. Some measurements have been made by inserting small oxygen electrodes into the tissue (Silver, 1977; 1978; Nair et al, 1987; Fennema et al, 1989) or by multielectrode surface electrodes (Leniger-Follert, 1977; Grote et al, 1984). The former are limited to measuring at single points in the tissue and cause significant mechanical disruption of the tissue during insertion.
The Past, the Present, and the Future

User modeling and adaptation had its inception as a field at a workshop in Maria Laach, Germany in 1986. Most of the work at that time focused on applications in natural language processing, such as adapting explanations to the user's level of expertise. Since then, the field has grown tremendously and new applications are arising each year. As appropriate for the 30th anniversary of the first workshop, this talk will discuss how the field has evolved, novel work that we are pursuing on applying user modeling and adaptation to information retrieval, insights into where the field is headed and the hottest topics for exploration, and some thoughts on the conflict between the benefits of user modeling and its intrusion on people's lives.
Queueing Systems in Discrete Time

In Queueing Theory, systems are studied mostly by considering time as a continuous variable. However, in practice we come across systems in which events occur at discrete ‘marks’ along the time axis. Examples of such situations may be of electronic installations whose operations are governed by internal clocks, or missile bases which fire at oncoming aircraft at regular intervals etc. Theoretically, the mathematical formalisms required for these discrete time processes and the corresponding continuous time processes are essentially the same; nevertheless, from the practical point of view, it seems worthwhile to point out the major modifications needed in their treatment. We do so in this section and present some discrete time results corresponding to the continuous time results obtained earlier. It should be noted that the discrete time distribution corresponding to Poisson is Binomial and to Negative Exponential is Geometric. Thus we shall call these systems Geom/G/1 and GI/Geom/1. For the sake of simplicity we shall restrict ourselves to the unit arrival and unit service in both these cases.
The displaced fan: the importance of new media and community identification for maintaining team identity with your hometown team

ABSTRACTResearch question: Individuals who move away from their hometowns often remain fans of their hometown teams. In this study, we examine the impact of new media, differences between hometown and current community identification, and the impact of proximity to a National Football League (NFL) market on the team identification of displaced fans.Research methods: To study these questions, an online survey was conducted. The sample included adult Americans (n = 347) who identify as fans of their hometown NFL teams and currently live more than 100 miles away from their hometowns. Structural equation modeling, analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance were used to examine the data.Results/findings: Through use of a structural model, we demonstrated that social media, Internet streaming, and hometown identification affected hometown team identification. In addition, mean comparisons demonstrated that fans with higher levels of identification with their hometown communities than their current residen...
Evidence of the Immune Relevance of Prevotella copri, a Gut Microbe, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective Prevotella copri, an intestinal microbe, may overexpand in stool samples from patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but it is not yet clear whether the organism has immune relevance in RA pathogenesis. Methods HLA–DR–presented peptides (T cell epitopes) from P copri were sought directly in the patients' synovial tissue or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples using tandem mass spectrometry. The antigenicity of peptides or their source proteins was examined in samples from the RA patients or comparison groups. T cell reactivity was determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assay; antibody responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cytokine/chemokine determinations were made by bead-based assays. Serum and synovial fluid samples were examined for 16S ribosomal DNA for P copri using nested polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results In PBMCs, we identified an HLA–DR–presented peptide from a 27-kd protein of P copri (Pc-p27), which stimulated Th1 responses in 42% of patients with new-onset RA. In both new-onset RA patients and chronic RA patients, 1 subgroup had IgA antibody responses to either Pc-p27 or the whole organism, which correlated with Th17 cytokine responses and frequent anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). The other subgroup had IgG P copri antibodies, which were associated with Prevotella DNA in synovial fluid, P copri–specific Th1 responses, and less frequent ACPAs. In contrast, P copri antibody responses were rarely found in patients with other rheumatic diseases or in healthy controls. Conclusion Subgroups of RA patients have differential IgG or IgA immune reactivity with P copri, which appears to be specific for this disease. These observations provide evidence that P copri is immune-relevant in RA pathogenesis.
Walking mechanics for patellofemoral pain subjects with similar self-reported pain levels can differ based upon neuromuscular activation

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often studied on subjects who are classified using only self-reported data. Neuromuscular activation influences movement mechanics for PFP subjects, but is not likely to be self-reported. We compared lower-extremity mechanics, during a common movement (walking), between two subdivisions of a group of PFP subjects that were similar, based on common self-report tools, but different, based on a common objective measure of quadriceps activation. Our intent was to highlight the importance of objectively considering neuromuscular activation when researching PFP movement mechanics. Thirty similar PFP research subjects (based on four common self-report tools) were divided into two subdivisions, based on different quadriceps central activation ratios (CAR): a quadriceps deficit (QD; CAR <0.95) group and a no quadriceps deficit (NQD; CAR ≥0.95) group. All subjects in both groups performed five walking trials, while common mechanical characteristics were measured: 3D ground reaction force, and 3D joint kinematics and kinetics. Functional statistics were used to compare mechanical characteristics between the groups across the entire stance phase of gait (α=0.05). Numerous differences were found between the two groups for ground reaction force, and joint kinematics and kinetics. For example, the NQD group exhibited 5% greater vertical ground reaction force at peak impact, and 5% less vertical ground reaction force during the unloading portion of stance, relative to the QD group. The results indicate that when researching movement mechanics associated with PFP, it is important to consider objectively-measured neuromuscular activation characteristics that are not likely to be self-reported by PFP subjects.
Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF-α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a soluble cytokine and target of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other biologic agents used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. These biologics exert their pharmacological effects through binding and neutralizing TNF-α, and thus they prevent TNF-α from interacting with its cell surface receptors. The magnitude of the pharmacological effects is governed not only by the pharmacokinetics (PK) of mAbs, but also by the kinetic fate of TNF-α We have examined the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human TNF-α (rhTNF-α) in rats at low doses and quantitatively characterized its pharmacokinetic features with a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Our experimental and literature-digitalized PK data of rhTNF-α in rats across a wide range of doses were applied to global model fitting. rhTNF-α exhibits permeability rate-limited tissue distribution and its elimination is comprised of a saturable clearance pathway mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor binding and disposition and renal filtration. The resulting model integrated with classic allometry was further used for interspecies PK scaling and resulted in model predictions that agreed well with experimental measurements in monkeys. In addition, a semimechanistic model was proposed and applied to explore the absorption kinetics of rhTNF-α following s.c. and other routes of administration. The model suggests substantial presystemic degradation of rhTNF-α for s.c. and i.m. routes and considerable lymph uptake contributing to the overall systemic absorption through the stomach wall and gastrointestinal wall routes of dosing. This report provides comprehensive modeling and key insights into the complexities of absorption and disposition of a major cytokine.
Pediatric Nurse Practitioners in the Emergency Department: Implications for Education and Research.

The use of pediatric nurse practitioners in emergency departments is common in the United States. Defining competencies that are specific to the wide span of urgent and emergent pediatric conditions, along with a recognized practice standard for education and specialty certification for pediatric nurse practitioners practicing in emergency care, is needed. Pediatric emergency departments require a team of providers with a skill set that aligns with each patient's needs. The use of qualified pediatric nurse practitioners on these teams, both primary care and acute care certified, to provide care to these children is expanding, with implications for education and research.
Additive Kolmogorov—Landau Inequalities

In this chapter we first derive the numerical differentiation formulae of the form $$ {{f}^{{(m)}}}(0) = \sum\limits_{{i = 0}}^{n} {{{\alpha }_{i}}f({{\nu }_{i}}) + \int\limits_{0}^{1} {{{f}^{{(r)}}}(t)K(t)dt.} } $$ Then we give sufficient conditions of extremality of a function f ∈ W r Hω[0, 1] in the Kolmogorov-Landau inequalities.
Cardinal Temperatures for Germination and Other Factors Affecting the Germination of Rhizomucor Pusillus Sporangiospores

Germination of spores from thermophilic fungi has received little attention in spite of their importance in the deterioration of stored materials, in composting, and as causal agents of certain mycoses. In searching the literature only seven studies relating to the germination of spores from thermophilic fungi could be found (Celerin and Fergus, 1971; Deploey, 1985; Deploey and Gautam, 1987; Fergus and Delwiche, 1975; Jack and Tansey, 1977; Streets and Ingle, 1972; Sussman, 1976), and of these only two pertained to the germination of sporangiospores from Rhizomucor pusillus (Deploey, 1985; Jack and Tansey, 1977). The report by Jack and Tansey (1977) involved a study of germination by R. pusillus spores (and spores of other thermophilic fungi) exposed to sun-heated and sun-shaded soil. They also observed spore germination in the laboratory at several temperatures. The study by Deploey (1985) concerned the influence of atmosphere composition and defined-undefined media on the germination of R. pusillus sporangiospores, but all spores were incubated at 45°C. Regrettably, neither investigation included a detailed study to ascertain the cardinal temperatures for spore germination by R. pusillus. Because of the economic and medical importance of this fungus it was believed that it would be worthwhile to determine its cardinal temperatures for spore germination as well as other factors affecting spore germination.
Supporting the Health Care Needs of the LGBTQI Community

ABSTRACTHealth care organizations have a history of institutionalized discrimination toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) community through a lack of understanding, institutional policies, and provider ignorance. Because of this, health care marginalizes many LGBTQI people, genuine communication about health issues does not happen, and an individual’s health needs are not met. Agencies and institutions are working on education for health care workers to improve health care outcomes for LGBTQI patients. This column will cover barriers to health care faced by LGBTQI patient communities and programs in place to help providers gain understanding of the issues. Also included are descriptions of tools to help LGBTQI patients find culturally competent health care providers.