cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distilling Dart: Minding Bodily Approaches to Performance Through a Framework for Integration and the Alexander Technique

The Dart Procedures, developed by anatomist and anthropologist Raymond Dart and Alexander Technique teachers Joan and Alex Murray, are a developmental movement sequence born from scientific, somatic, therapeutic, and dance histories. Located primarily in Alexander Technique and dance practices, the Dart Procedures “devolve” the mover in ways that echo the evolution of the human species (phylogenetic) as well as the developing human (ontogenetic). The distillation of overall bodily attitudes and patterning found in the Dart Procedures has been more formally articulated in a movement analysis tool called Framework for Integration that considers spinal patterning in varied models. Patterning and preferences of the head and spine in the sagittal plane are called primary, toward overall spinal flexion, or secondary, toward overall spinal extension/hyperextension. Applied Dart/framework concepts deepen bodily awareness and call attention to habits and interferences in coordination across all manner of performance disciplines. This chapter will cover a brief history of the Dart Procedures, identify bodily patterns and habits, and promote embodied applications the performer can explore for more conscious ease in movement.
Response Problems in a Vacation Panel Study

This paper investigates response problems encountered in a panel study of travel behavior. Though the overall response rate to the three-wave panel study was acceptable (over 60%), three types of response problems were encountered: refusal, non-response, and attrition. In a follow-up phone survey, a sample of individuals from each problem response group was questioned about their study participation and travel behavior Results indicate that those who outright refused any participation in the study were most different from panel respondents and other partial-respondents, in terms of travel behavior. This study reveals problems that leisure researchers must address to generate high participation and response in panel studies.
Diagnostic Knee Arthroscopy and Arthroscopic Anatomy

Knee arthroscopy is a very common procedure performed by all orthopedic surgeons, including those who are not sports medicine fellowship trained. Many types of intra-articular knee pathology can be characterized and addressed, and thus, knowing how to effectively and safely perform knee arthroscopy is an important skill for every orthopedic surgeon to have. Anatomic landmarks provide the surgeon with references for portal creation, and knowledge of the location of neurovascular structures relative to these portals is imperative. The standard anteromedial and anterolateral portals provide access to most areas of the knee and allow for simple meniscal and cartilage procedures. However, certain hard-to-reach areas of the knee and more advanced arthroscopic techniques may require secondary portals. Thus, as indications for knee arthroscopy continue to expand, portal placement and arthroscopic technique continue to be refined. The basics and the technique needed to perform a thorough and safe knee arthroscopy are outlined in the following chapter.
Extended propagation of sub-mm incoherent space-time fields over 110 m distance

Space-time (ST) wave packets are propagation-invariant pulsed beam endowed with a tight correlation between the underlying spatial and temporal frequencies. We present a theoretical formulation and experimental demonstration of sub-millimeter incoherent ST light sheets traversing 110 m without significant diffraction. We synthesize ST fields of beam width ~ 0.7 mm from a superluminescent diode with a bandwidth of ~20 nm centered at 840 nm and observe propagation-invariant behavior across a distance of over 100-m distance in free-space. Finally, we study the effect of the aperture on the propagation distance and far-field beam size of ST light sheets.
The man in the dog park: Coming up close to homelessness, by Cathy A. Small with Jason Kordosky and Ross Moore: Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2020

As she was walking her dog in 2008, Cathy Small, an experienced anthropologist but not an expert on homelessness, meets Ross Moore, a man who had lived on and off in shelters, doubled up with relat...
Missing the Mark: An Overlooked Statute Redefines the Debate Over Statutory Interpretation

Legal scholars have long debated the choice between textualist and intentionalist methods for interpreting statutes. At the center of this debate is Holy Trinity Church v. United States, where the Supreme Court deliberately departed from statutory language. Remarkably, scholars neglect a statute that squarely addressed the issue in the case. This article argues that the neglected statute provides a powerful argument for the Court's result. The article then considers the implications of this argument for the current debate. The neglected statute reveals that statutory interpretation often turns not on the choice between text and intent but on the choice between competing texts. Making this choice requires an enriched description of the legislative process. The article offers such an account, one recognizes the relative roles of policy specialists, politicians and public opinion.
Bivariate small area estimation for binary and gaussian variables based on a conditionally specified model

Many large-scale surveys collect both discrete and continuous variables. Small area estimates may be desired for means of continuous variables, proportions in each level of a categorical variable, or for domain means defined as the mean of the continuous variable for each level of the categorical variable. In this paper, we introduce a conditionally specified bivariate mixed-effects model for small area estimation, and provide a necessary and sufficient condition under which the conditional distributions render a valid joint distribution. The conditional specification allows better model interpretation. We use the valid joint distribution to calculate empirical Bayes predictors and use the parametric bootstrap to estimate the mean squared error. Simulation studies demonstrate the superior performance of the bivariate mixed-effects model relative to univariate model estimators. We apply the bivariate mixed-effects model to construct estimates for small watersheds using data from the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), a survey developed to quantify the environmental impacts of conservation efforts. We construct predictors of mean sediment loss, the proportion of land where the soil loss tolerance is exceeded, and the average sediment loss on land where the soil loss tolerance is exceeded. In the data analysis, the bivariate mixed-effects model leads to more scientifically interpretable estimates of domain means than those based on two independent univariate models.
Nonlinear multigrid inversion

In this paper, we propose a general framework for nonlinear multigrid inversion applicable to any inverse problem in which the forward model can be naturally represented at differing resolutions. In multigrid inversion, the problem is adjusted to be solved at each resolution by using the solutions at both finer and coarser resolutions. To do this, we formulate a consistent set of coarse scale cost functionals to ultimately reduce the finest scale one. At each resolution, both the forward model and inverse problems are discretized at the lower resolution; thus reducing computation. Our simulation results for the application of optical diffusion tomography indicate the potential for fast and robust convergence.
Neutron elastic diffuse scattering study of Pb ( Mg 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 ) O 3

We have performed elastic diffuse neutron-scattering studies on the relaxor $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}.$ The measured intensity distribution near a (100) Bragg peak in the (hk0) scattering plane assumes the shape of a butterfly with extended intensity in the (110) and $(11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0)$ directions. The temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering shows that both the size of the polar nanoregions and the integrated diffuse intensity increase with cooling even for temperatures below the Curie temperature ${T}_{C}\ensuremath{\sim}213\mathrm{K}.$
Further Experimentation with Hybrid Immune Inspired Network Intrusion Detection

This paper presents continued experimentation on the Network Threat Recognition with Immune Inspired Anomaly Detection, or NetTRIIAD, model. This hybrid model combines established network monitoring methods with artificial immune system methods to achieve improved performance. The paper presets experiments investigating the model’s performance in detecting novel threats and the performance contribution of the individual components.
Spatial distribution of tectotectal connections in the cat

In mammals, the paired superior colliculi of the midbrain play a significant role in the generation and guidance of eye movements that enable an animal to orient to novel visual stimuli. In several species including monkey, cat and hamster, the paired colliculi are connected by a commissure. In the cat, many commissural axons arise from tectotectal neurons located in the deep layers in the rostral two-thirds of the colliculus. The role of these tectotectal neurons is unclear, but it is likely that they play some role in eye movement control. In this study, the neuroanatomical tracer Biocytin was used to make small, localized injections into the deep layers of the cat superior colliculus at a variety of different locations in nine animals. The distribution of tectotectal synaptic terminals in the opposite colliculus was then plotted. Regardless of which layers were included the injection site, labelled boutons were most dense in the deep layers in the contralateral colliculus. There was a striking point-to-point organization in the tectotectal projection such that terminals were concentrated at an almost mirror-symmetrical region to the injection site in the rostrocaudal plane. In the majority of cases, however, the focus of terminal boutons was shifted medially by 1-2 mm. These results suggest that tectotectal connections may influence select populations of neurons in the contralateral colliculus. By coupling specific groups of neurons in the two colliculi, their effectiveness in sensory motor processing could be enhanced. At this time it is not clear whether specific commissural terminals contain excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitters, and our ongoing studies are addressing this question.
Stimulation of tryptophanase synthesis in Escherichia coli by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.

Abstract Cyclic 3',5'-AMP stimulates the rate of tryptophanase synthesis in Escherichia coli treated with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and induced with tryptophan. A maximal effect occurs at 4 x 10-4 m cyclic 3',5'-AMP and a half-maximal response at 1.5 x 10-4 m. The action of cyclic 3',5'-AMP is specific for tryptophanase since the over-all rate of protein and RNA synthesis and the synthesis of the biosynthetic enzyme tryptophan synthetase are unaffected. One site of cyclic 3',5'-AMP action appears to be after the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA since increased enzyme synthesis is observed in induced cells in which cyclic 3',5'-AMP is added after messenger RNA synthesis is arrested by actinomycin D, proflavine, or inducer removal. The half-life of the messenger RNA for tryptophanase is 3 min and is unaffected by cyclic 3',5'-AMP. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP also fails to stimulate the conversion of tryptophanase precursor into active enzyme. Thus cyclic 3',5'-AMP appears to act at the level of the polysome to increase the rate of polypeptide synthesis.
Qualitative Axioms of Uncertainty as a Foundation for Probability and Decision-Making

Although the concept of uncertainty is as old as Epicurus's writings, and an excellent quantitative theory, with entropy as the measure of uncertainty having been developed in recent times, there has been little exploration of the qualitative theory. The purpose of the present paper is to give a qualitative axiomatization of uncertainty, in the spirit of the many studies of qualitative comparative probability. The qualitative axioms are fundamentally about the uncertainty of a partition of the probability space of events. Of course, it is common to speak of the uncertainty, or randomness, of a random variable, but only the partition defined by the values of the random variable enter into the definition of uncertainty, not the actual values. It is straightforward to add axioms for decision making following the general line of Savage from the 1950s. Indeed, in the spirit of Epicurus, it is really our intuitive feeling about the uncertainty of the future that motivates much of our thinking about decisions. Here, the distinction between the concepts of probability and uncertainty can be made by citing many familiar examples. Without spelling out the technical details, the axiomatization of qualitative probability with uncertainty as the most important primitive concept, it is possible to raise a different kind of question about bounded rationality. This new question is whether or not one should bound the uncertainty in thinking and investigating any detailed framework of decision making. Discussion of this point is certainly different from the question of bounding rationality by not maximizing expected utility. In practice, we naturally bound uncertainty in our analysis of decision-making problems. As in the case of formulating an alternative for maximizing expected utility, so is the case of rational alternatives to maximizing uncertainty. There are several issues to consider. In the spirit of my other work in qualitative probability, I explore alternatives rather than attempt to give a definitive argument for one single solution.
Hydrological connectivity in river deltas: The first-order importance of channel-island exchange

Deltaic systems are composed of distributary channels and interdistributary islands. While previous work has focused either on the channels or on the islands, here we study the hydrological exchange between channels and islands and point at its important role in delta morphology and ecology. We focus our analysis on Wax Lake Delta in coastal Louisiana (USA) and characterize the surface water component of hydrological connectivity through measurements of water discharge and hydraulic tracer propagation. We find that deltaic islands are zones of significant water flux as 23–54% of the incoming distributary channel flux enters the islands. A calculation of the travel times through a channel-island complex shows travel times through the islands to be at least 3 times their channel counterparts. A dye release experiment also indicates that travel times in islands are much longer that those within channels as dye remained in the island for the 3.8 day duration of the experiment. Additionally, islands are more sensitive than channels to environmental forces such as tides, which cause flow reversal and thus can increase travel times through the islands. Our work defines the “hydrological network” of a river delta to include not only the distributary channel network but also the interdistributary islands, quantifies the implications of channel-island hydrological connectivity to travel times through the system, and discusses the relevance of our findings to channel mouth dynamics at the delta front and the potential for denitrification in coastal systems.
Car Hits Boy on Bicycle.

In this article we present the fascinating reconstruction of an accident where a car hit a boy riding his bicycle. The boy dramatically flew several metres through the air after the collision and was injured, but made a swift and complete recovery from the accident with no long-term after-effects. Students are challenged to determine the speed of the car from the accident data. Relevant features for discussion include kinematics, conservation of momentum, energy, assessing the elasticity of the collision, the medical report, and knowledge of the scene of the accident through a photograph and an aerial perspective.
Universal indestructibility for degrees of supercompactness and strongly compact cardinals

We establish two theorems concerning strongly compact cardinals and universal indestructibility for degrees of supercompactness. In the first theorem, we show that universal indestructibility for degrees of supercompactness in the presence of a strongly compact cardinal is consistent with the existence of a proper class of measurable cardinals. In the second theorem, we show that universal indestructibility for degrees of supercompactness is consistent in the presence of two non-supercompact strongly compact cardinals, each of which exhibits a significant amount of indestructibility for its strong compactness.
Calculation of Valence State Energies from Thermochemical Data

THE predictive power inherent in the concept of intrinsic bond energies has led to many attempts to calculate the energy of the hypothetical valence state of an atom in a molecule1–7. The intrinsic bond energy I can be defined1 by the equation: where ΔHf is the atomic heat of formation of a molecule, V is the energy of the valence state of an atom, and the summation is over all atoms and bonds in the molecule. The valence state of an atom in a molecule can be defined as the hypothetical state in which the free atom would find itself if the bond involved were broken without any change in the electronic configuration of the atom. Long has summarized the attempt to calculate the valence state energy of the tetrahedral carbon atom from thermochemical data1. He concluded that the probable limits for the energy of this state are approximately 60–70 kcal/mole. This value is quoted6 as the only experimental value presently available for this quantity. (In several communications with people in this field it has been brought to our attention that this number is still widely quoted.)
Flagellar Localization of a Helicobacter pylori Autotransporter Protein

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori contains four genes that are predicted to encode proteins secreted by the autotransporter (type V) pathway. One of these, the pore-forming toxin VacA, has been studied in great detail, but thus far there has been very little investigation of three VacA-like proteins. We show here that all three VacA-like proteins are >250 kDa in mass and localized on the surface of H. pylori. The expression of the three vacA -like genes is upregulated during H. pylori colonization of the mouse stomach compared to H. pylori growth in vitro , and a wild-type H. pylori strain outcompeted each of the three corresponding isogenic mutant strains in its ability to colonize the mouse stomach. One of the VacA-like proteins localizes to a sheath that overlies the flagellar filament and bulb, and therefore, we designate it FaaA (flagella-associated autotransporter A). In comparison to a wild-type H. pylori strain, an isogenic faaA mutant strain exhibits decreased motility, decreased flagellar stability, and an increased proportion of flagella in a nonpolar site. The flagellar localization of FaaA differs markedly from the localization of other known autotransporters, and the current results reveal an important role of FaaA in flagellar localization and motility. IMPORTANCE The pathogenesis of most bacterial infections is dependent on the actions of secreted proteins, and proteins secreted by the autotransporter pathway constitute the largest family of secreted proteins in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we analyzed three autotransporter proteins (VacA-like proteins) produced by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and contributes to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. We demonstrate that these three proteins each enhance the capacity of H. pylori to colonize the stomach. Unexpectedly, one of these proteins (FaaA) is localized to a sheath that overlies H. pylori flagella. The absence of FaaA results in decreased H. pylori motility as well as a reduction in flagellar stability and a change in flagellar localization. The atypical localization of FaaA reflects a specialized function of this autotransporter designed to optimize H. pylori colonization of the gastric niche.
Temperature Induced Volume-Phase Transitions in Surface-Tethered Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Networks

The swelling behavior of a surface-tethered poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAAm) network in D2O was characterized with neutron reflection and compared to the demixing behavior of linear poly(NIPAAm) in solution. The surface-tethered network was fabricated by cross-linking a 250 A thick film of a copolymer comprised of NIPAAm and 3 mol % methacroylbenzophenone. As the temperature was varied between 15 and 29 °C, the thickness of the poly(NIPAAm) network in aqueous solution decreased gradually from 1100 to 750 A. In this regime, the network lay entirely in the single phase region of the phase diagram for linear poly(NIPAAm). At approximately 30 °C, the network entered the two-phase region of the phase diagram and collapsed along the tie line to a thickness of 339 A. Above 30 °C, the thickness of the network adjusted to the binodal curve of the phase diagram. The agreement between the swelling discontinuity in the surface-tethered network and the two-phase region of uncross-linked poly(NIPAAm) suggests t...
Heterogeneity of the subunits of Lumbricus terrestris extracellular hemoglobin dissociated at alkaline pH.

Abstract 1. 1. The gel filtration profiles of dissociated extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris obtained in 0.1 M borate buffers at pH > 9, using columns of Sephadex G100, Sephacryl S200 and Ultragel AcA 44, consist of at least two peaks A and B. 2. 2. SDS-PAGE of several fractions across the complete elution profile demonstrates that only the fractions under the right hand portion of peak B are homogenous and consist of the monomer (M) subunit ( M r = 17,000 ) 3. 3. The fraction under the first peak contain the remaining subuntis, a disulfide-bonded trimer (t) subuntis (M=50,000) and two subuntis (D1 and D2) of ca 30,000. 4. 4. Densitometry of the SDS-PAGE patterns suggests that the proportions of these subunits vary across the two peaks, implying that peak A does not consist of a complex of fixed stoichiometry of the T and D1 and D2 subunits. 5. 5. Furthermore, the D1 and D2 subunits overlap the M subunit in the trough between peaks A and B and are present in the left hand portion of peak B, probably because of the self-association of the M subunit. 6. 6. In addition, SDS-PAGE experiments with a single fraction of peak A, where the load and the duration of staining were varied, suggests that the relative proportions of the subunits are independent of these two variables.
Ductal dilatation and stenting make routine hepatectomy unnecessary for left hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary stricture.

Background. Hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary strictures, more common in Southeast Asia than elsewhere, remains a difficult problem to manage. Hepatic resection has recently been advocated as one of the treatment modalities for hepatolithiasis; however, this procedure is not without risk. This study was designed to achieve complete clearance of the stones, eliminate bile stasis, and avoid the potential risks of hepatic resection in the patient with hepatolithiasis and intrahepatic biliary stricute. Methods. In this prospective clinical trial 13 patients with retained left hepatolithiasis and intrahepatic biliary strictures were included. All the patients met the following criteria: (1) initial surgical procedure for hepatolithiasis, (2) normal gross findings of the left liver, and (3) no obvious clinical evidence of an associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. After the operation they underwent matured T -tube tract ductal dilatation with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy tube stenting. Choledochoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy was used in five patients after dilatation when impacted or large stones were encountered. Results. Complete clearance of the stones was achieved in these 13 patients. One patient had fevers develop after ductal dilatation, and another patient had mild hemobilia after electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Both recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment. These successfully treated patients remain well, with a mean follow-up period of 20 months. Conclusions. Postoperative matured T -tube tract ductal dilatation and stenting, combined with endoscopic electrohydraulic lithorripsy when indicated, is an effective and safe alternative to hepatic resection for selected left hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary stricture
The contractile apparatus and mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle

The functional properties of airway smooth muscle are fundamental to the properties of the airways in vivo. However, many of the distinctive characteristics of smooth muscle are not easily accounted for on the basis of molecular models developed to account for the properties of striated muscles. The specialized ultrastructural features and regulatory mechanisms present in smooth muscle are likely to form the basis for many of its characteristic properties. The molecular organization and structure of the contractile apparatus in smooth muscle is consistent with a model of force generation based on the relative sliding of adjacent actin and myosin filaments. In airway smooth muscle, actomyosin activation is initiated by the phosphorylation of the 20 kDa light chain of myosin; but there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in tension maintenance. Tension generated by the contractile filaments is transmitted throughout the cell via a network of actin filaments anchored at dense plaques at the cell membrane, where force is transmitted to the extracellular matrix via transmembrane integrins. Proteins bound to actin and/or localized to actin filament anchorage sites may participate in regulating the shape of the smooth muscle cell and the organization of its contractile filament system. These proteins may also participate in signalling pathways that regulate the crossbridge activation and other functions of the actin cytoskeleton. The length-dependence of active force and the mechanical plasticity of airway smooth muscle may play an important role in determining airway responsiveness during lung volume changes in vivo. The molecular basis for the length-dependence of tension in smooth muscle differs from that in skeletal muscle, and may involve mechano-transduction mechanisms that modulate contractile filament activation and cytoskeletal organization in response to changes in muscle length. The reorganization of contractile filaments may also underlie the plasticity of the mechanical response of airway smooth muscle. Changes in the structural organization and signalling pathways of airway smooth muscle cells resulting form alterations in mechanical forces in the lung may be important factors in the development of pathophysiological conditions of chronic airway hyperresponsiveness.
e-Hypertension: Opening New Vistas

The decision by the editorial board of Hypertension to create an online section of the journal follows a growing effort in scientific publishing to use electronic publishing to more quickly disseminate new information to the scientific community in future research. This electronic format has several benefits. First, the all-electronic format greatly decreases the time between submission and publication, thus facilitating the release of research information that is important for subsequent investigations. Over the past decade, the submission to publication time has greatly improved in most journals, including Hypertension, but the delay still typically remains over four months. In contrast, electronic publication can cut this delay to as little as a month or less. Second, many of the mainline scientific journals like Hypertension currently have no venue for publication of methodological papers, even though some like the current one may be of …
Free Radical Destruction of β-Blockers in Aqueous Solution

Many pharmaceutical compounds and metabolites are currently found in surface and ground waters which indicates their ineffective removal by conventional water treatment technologies. Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs) are alternatives to traditional water treatment, which utilize free radical reactions to directly degrade chemical contaminants. This study reports the absolute rate constants for reaction of three β-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol) with the two major AO/RP radicals; the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and hydrated electron (e−aq). The bimolecular reaction rate constants for •OH are (7.05 ± 0.27) × 109, (8.39 ± 0.06) × 109, and (1.07 ± 0.02) × 1010, and for e−aq they are (5.91 ± 0.21) × 108, (1.73 ± 0.03) × 108, and (1.26 ± 0.02) × 1010, respectively. Transient spectra were observed for the intermediate radicals produced by hydroxyl radical reactions. In addition, preliminary degradation mechanisms and major products were elucidated using 60Co γ-irradiation and LC-MS. The...
SU-E-T-32: The Use of Monte Carlo Method as an Independent Dose Verification Calculation Tool for TomoTherapy

Purpose: It has been widely recognized, as stated in a ICRP 2009 report, that a secondary calculation, independent from treatment‐planning‐system (TPS), has proven to be an efficient tool for prevention of major errors in dose delivery. The purpose of this study is to develop such tool for TomoTherapy system. Methods: A Monte Carlo tool that has been validated previously, TomoPen, was modified to have better integration with the TomoTherapy software. Patient plan and CT information is DICOM exported. The Monte Carlo tool reads the plan and CT information from the dicom file and computes the dose. The Monte Carlo computed dose is compared with the TPS dose to make sure no major deviation is observed. Results: The tool has been tested on several clinical patient plans. By using a coarse dose grid, a decent dose distribution can be obtained in less than an hour on an Intel i7 CPU. The run time can be further reduced by using a computer cluster. The time takes for this secondary calculation is comparable with the standard DQA plan creation and measurement. However, the secondary calculation does not take the treatment machine time as well as physicist's time. Conclusions: A Monte Carlo based secondary calculation tool is developed to prevent major errors in TomoTherapy delivery. It is shown that it can be fitted into the current clinical workflow.
Intraparticle Diffusion during Selective Sorption of Trace Contaminants: The Effect of Gel versus Macroporous Morphology

Ion exchanger beads are commercially available in two different physical morphologies, namely, gel and macroporous. While gel-type (or microporous) exchanger particles are essentially homogeneous solid phases with closely spaced functional groups, a single macroporous ion exchanger bead may be viewed as an ensemble of tiny microgels with an interconnected network of pores. Macroporous exchangers are gaining acceptance in environmental applications due to their durability, resistance to oxidation, and less susceptibility to fouling by natural organic matters. Many environmentally significant synthetic aromatic compounds, namely, chlorophenols, naphthalene and benzene sulfonic acids, nitrophenols, and quaternary benzylammonium compounds exist as ions in the aqueous phase over a wide range of pH and are very selectively removed by polymeric exchangers with hydrophobic matrixes. Anionic pentachlorophenol (PCP-), a widely used pesticide and wood preservative, was used in the study as a representative aromatic ...
PREDICTING RISK OF NEAR MIDAIR COLLISIONS IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

Abstract This paper predicts the risk of near midair collisions between airborne aircraft as a function of the type of controlled terminal airspace in which they occur, aircraft velocities, the geometries of approach patterns, and the number of flight operations which arise, end in or traverse these areas. Based on an analysis of near midair collision risk, the paper concludes that air carrier operations by themselves are safer than general aviation operations by themselves in radar-controlled environments such as a Terminal Control Area, but that general aviation operations by themselves are safer in less-controlled than in more-controlled airspace. By far the most risky flight appears to be general aviation aircraft interacting with other general aviation aircraft in positively-controlled environments such as a Terminal Control Area. We offer a model which describes the factors that influence near midair collisions and some reasons for a possible explanation of these surprising results.
Procedural Visualization of Manufacturing Processes in Distributed Environment

Visualization provides a tool to enhance understanding and data representation for information generated from numerical simulations and measurements. Visualization of a manufacturing process provides approximate simulation of machining with alternative process parameters, tool and work piece being examined in action. This paper presents a system that provides for visualization of machining processes. The developments were being carried out with Java and Java3d APIs. The process, feature and work piece geometry data are retrieved from knowledge-based system for generating process animation in Java3d environment. The data structures from Java classes are converting the data into GeometryArray objects using Java3d utilities such as GeometryInfo, Triangulator and others. For process animation, the important classes involved are Morphing, Behavior and various interpolators. The complete process animation is guided using a single alpha timer object with supplementary geometry arrays generating realistic machining process. Prototype has been implemented so that it accepts data (tool, feature, work piece geometries) from knowledge based process planner and generates data driven animation in a distributed environment.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Localization of hexokinase in neural tissue: light microscopic studies with immunofluorescence and histochemical procedures.

— The distribution of hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) in rat cerebellum, retina, hippocampus, choroid plexus and ependymal cells of the cerebral ventricles, and dorsal root ganglion has been determined, at the light microscopic level, by both immunofluorescence and a histochemical procedure using nitro blue tetrazolium. With the exception of an artifactual staining of the outer photoreceptor segments of retina when the histochemical procedure was used, both methods gave comparable results, from which the following conclusions are drawn: (a) The cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies clearly contained hexokinase, although the relative levels varied markedly among different types of neurons; such variations have previously been detected by direct assay of hexokinase in dissected neuronal cell bodies (Kato & Lowry, 1973a). (b) Glial cells contained readily detectable levels of hexokinase: the immunofluorescence technique revealed spidery glial processes within the myelinated tracts; in other areas, glial cell cytoplasms were indistinguishable from surrounding neuropil, indicating comparable levels of hexokinase; the satellite glia of dorsal root ganglia actually contained higher levels than did adjacent large neurons. The present results, therefore, do not support previous suggestions that glia are characteristically low and neurons characteristically high in hexokinase content. (c) Hexokinase was distributed throughout neuropil areas, with a somewhat speckled appearance suggesting the existence of small localizations of relatively higher activity, the nature of which could not be determined at this level of resolution; the hexokinase level in neuropil was clearly higher than that of white fiber tracts, in agreement with previous direct biochemical measurements (Buellet al., 1958) (d) No detectable levels of hexokinase were found in cell nuclei. (e) Regions expected to be rich in nerve terminals (e.g. the cerebellar glomeruli, the plexiform layers of retina) showed relatively high hexokinase levels compared to the cytoplasm of adjacent neuronal perikarya, in agreement with previous subcellular fractionation experiments which indicated relatively high levels of hexokinase in nerve endings (Wilson, 1972). Considered along with the‘high affinity’glucose transport system in nerve endings (Diamond & Fishman, 1973), these results suggest nerve terminals are well adapted for the'efficient acquisition and introduction of glucose into metabolism. (f) In addition, high levels of hexokinase were observed in the inner photoreceptor segments of retina, and in the ependymal and choroid plexus cells of the ventricles.
Photoabsorption of attosecond XUV light pulses by two strongly laser-coupled autoionizing states

We study theoretically the photoabsorption spectra of an attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse by a laser-dressed atomic system. A weak XUV excites an autoionizing state which is strongly coupled to another autoionizing state by a laser. The theory was applied to explain two recent experiments [Loh, Greene, and Leone, Chem. Phys. 350, 7 (2008); Wang, Chini, Chen, Zhang, Cheng, He, Cheng, Wu, Thumm, and Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010)] where the absorption spectra of the XUV lights were measured against the time delay between the laser and the XUV. In another example, we study an attosecond pulse exciting the $2s2p{(}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}P)$ resonance of helium which is resonantly coupled to the $2{s}^{2}{(}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}S)$ resonance by a moderately intense 540-nm laser. The relation between the photoabsorption spectra and the photoelectron spectra and the modification of the transmitted lights in such an experiment are analyzed. The role of Rabi flopping between the two autoionizing states within their lifetimes is investigated with respect to the laser intensity and detuning.
A summer camp for children with cancer.

The prognosis for children with cancer has changed significantly over the past 10 years. Currently, it is anticipated that cure can be achieved in approximately 50% of newly diagnosed cases of childhood cancer. The quality of life for these children depends not only on their medical treatment but also on the successful management of the psychological problems related to their diagnosis. A summer camp was established in Florida as a part of our psychosocial rehabilitation program for pediatric cancer patients. Participating in the day-today camp life were 26 children with various forms of cancer. Each child not only had the opportunity to enjoy a normal out-of-door life style, away from their overprotective parents, but experienced daily contact with other children who shared a similarly stressful existence. It is felt the awareness gained through the realization that they were not alone in their plight and the independence instilled through separation from parents was beneficial to each child. It is anticipated that future camps with the inclusion of psychological testing will provide us with the opportunity to further assess the need for psychosocial rehabilitation for the child with cancer.
Connecting Print Patrons to Electronic Holdings with Shelf Dummies

After a two-year renovation, the Kent State University Music Library reopened as the Performing Arts Library. Before the closure, some serials were sent to the depository or reclassified within the library. In order to assist patrons browsing print journals or searching for articles in the stacks, library staff created shelf dummies detailing print and electronic holdings information as well as indexing for each title. Patron feedback has been positive, and the project has helped both library staff and patrons better understand accessibility and location of journals.
Heavy meson form factors from QCD

Abstract We calculate the leading QCD radiative corrections to the relations which follow from the decoupling of the heavy quark spin as the quark mass goes to infinity and from the symmetry between systems with different heavy quarks. One of the effects we calculate gives the leading q2-dependence of the form factor of a heavey quark, which in turn dominates the q2-dependence of the form factors of bound states of the heavy quark with light quarks. This, combined with the normalization of the form factor provided by symmetry, gives us a first principles calculation of the heavy meson (or baryon) form factors in the limit of very large heavy quark mass.
Distribution of indole in tissues of dairy cattle, swine, and laying pullets.

Indole is a colorless crystalline solid which has been isolated from coal tar fractionation. High concentrations of indole (which is a major ruminal fermentation product of L-tryptophan) in blood of cattle causes hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and renal necrosis. An end product of anaerobic metabolism of the colonic flora, indole has also been examined as a marker in patients with unresected large bowel cancer or polyps. With the increased release of numerous chemical substances into the biosphere, careful assessment of the health effects of chronic exposure to pollutants must be made. Much of the body burden of animals will come from ingested feed and water, with the primary route of human exposure being the consumption of the contaminated meat, milk, and eggs. The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline data on the uptake and distribution of /sup 14/C-indole in dairy cattle, swine, and laying pullets and the retention of this chemical in consumable products such as milk, meat, and eggs.
Ecological divergence and sexual selection drive sexual size dimorphism in New World pitvipers (Serpentes: Viperidae).

Hypotheses for the origin and maintenance of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) fall into three primary categories: (i) sexual selection on male size, (ii) fecundity selection on female size and (iii) ecological selection for gender-specific niche divergence. We investigate the impact of these forces on SSD evolution in New World pitvipers (Crotalinae). We constructed a phylogeny from up to eight genes (seven mitochondrial, one nuclear) for 104 species of NW crotalines. We gathered morphological and ecological data for 82 species for comparative analyses. There is a strong signal of sexual selection on male size driving SSD, but less evidence for fecundity selection on female size across lineages. No support was found for allometric scaling of SSD (Rensch's rule), nor for directional selection for increasing male size (the Fairbairn–Preziosi hypothesis) in NW crotalines. Interestingly, arboreal lineages experience higher rates of SSD evolution and a pronounced shift to female-biased dimorphism. This suggests that fecundity selection on arboreal females exaggerates ecologically mediated dimorphism, whereas sexual selection drives male size in terrestrial lineages. We find that increasing SSD in both directions (male- and female-biased) decreases speciation rates. In NW crotalines, it appears that increasing magnitudes of ecologically mediated SSD reduce rates of speciation, as divergence accumulates within species among sexes, reducing adaptive divergence between populations leading to speciation.
Geometric Determinants of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation Insights From 3-Dimensional Echocardiography

Background— Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in heart failure. We aimed to examine the 3D geometry of the tricuspid valve annulus (TVA) in patients with functional TR, comparing them with patients with normal tricuspid valve function and relating annular geometric changes to functional TR. Methods and Results— TVA shape was examined by real-time 3D echocardiography in 75 patients: 35 with functional TR and 40 with normal tricuspid valve function (referent group). The 3D shape of the TVA was reconstructed from rotated 2D planes, and the annular plane was computed by least-squares fitting. Annular area and mediolateral, anteroposterior, and high (superior)-low (inferior) distances were calculated. TR was assessed by vena contracta width. The normal TVA has a bimodal pattern (high-low distance=7.23±1.05 mm). High points were located anteroposteriorly, and low points were located mediolaterally. With moderate or greater TR (vena contracta width 5.80±2.62 mm), t...
Decimation technique for optimal data transfer in one- and two-dimensional FIR digital-filter implementations

A general decimation technique to optimise (i.e. minimise) data transfer in the implementation of one-dimensional and two-dimensional FIR filters is presented. The approach is particularly significant when the implementation consists of multiplier arrays connected to a micro/minicomputer. The scheme significantly improves processing speed. For 100 × 100 2-dimensional array, the required data transfer is reduced from 10000 to 200.
Roles of implicit processes: instinct, intuition, and personality

The goal of this research is to explore implicit and explicit processes in shaping an individual’s characteristic behavioral patterns, that is, personality. The questions addressed are how psychological processes may be separated into implicit and explicit types, and how such a separation figures into personality. In particular, it focuses on the role of instinct and intuition (two kinds of mostly implicit processes) in determining personality. This paper argues that personality may be fundamentally based on instincts resulting from basic human motivation, along with related processes, within a comprehensive cognitive architecture. This approach is implemented as a computational model. Various tests and simulations show that this model captures major personality traits and accounts for empirical data. The work shows how a cognitive architecture with the implicit–explicit distinction may capture instinct, intuition, and personality.
SMEC (her/his)tories

This collection of historical accounts provides diverse perspectives on the structure and culture of the community of researchers who completed their studies under the mentorship of researchers at SMEC. These her/histories provide multiple perspectives on the goals and values that motivated educators to become SMEC scholars.
Comparative effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on prostacyclin generation in adult human vessel wall

The precise mechanism of vasodilatory actions of nitroso-compounds is not clear. It has been suggested that these drugs might modulate release of the vasodilator, prostacyclin, from cultured endothelial cells and bovine arteries or potentiate actions of prostacyclin. This study was designed to examine the effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on prostacyclin release from adult human vasculature. Saphenous vein ring preparations were incubated with nitroglycerin or nitroprusside and arachidonic acid, the substrate for prostacyclin. Vascular rings incubated with nitroglycerin released significantly more prostacylin (measured as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α. a stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin by radioimmunoassay) compared with the control vascular rings (p Prior incubation of vascular rings with the cyclooxygenase blocker, indomethacin, inhibited nitroglycerin-induced prostacyclin release. Incubation of vascular rings with the selective thromboxane A2 blocker, OKY 1581, resulted in additional prostacyclin release with nitroglycerin treatment, presumably by inhibiting vessel wall-generated thromboxane A,. Nitroprusside had no significant effect on prostacyclin release from indomethacin-treated or OKY 1581-treated vascular rings. This study suggests significant stimulatory effects of nitroglycerin, but not of nitroprusside, on prostacyclin release from human saphenous vein. Nitroglycerin-induced prostacyclin release may be an important mechanism of its antiischemic actions in human subjects.