cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compensatory adjustments in motor unit behavior during fatigue differ for younger versus older men

The ability to maintain a submaximal force as a muscle fatigues is supplemented by compensatory adjustments in the nervous system’s control of motor units. We sought to compare vastus lateralis motor unit recruitment and firing rate data for younger versus older men during isometric fatigue. Twelve younger (age = 25 ± 3 years) and 12 older (75 ± 8 years) men performed contractions of the knee extensors at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction force until exhaustion. Surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals were detected from the vastus lateralis. A sEMG signal decomposition algorithm was used to quantify the motor unit action potential (MUAP) amplitude, mean firing rates, and recruitment threshold of each motor unit. For the latter two variables, our analyses only included motor units that featured similar action potential amplitude throughout the protocol. There was no group difference for time to task failure (p = 0.362, d = 0.381). Both groups showed increases in MUAP amplitude [younger and older slopes = 0.0174 ± 0.0123 and 0.0073 ± 0.0123 mV/contraction, respectively (p = 0.082, d = 0.710)], but the change was more linear for the younger men (mean r2 values = 0.565 and 0.455). Mean firing rates increased over time for the younger (p < 0.001), but not the older (p = 0.579), men. Similarly, recruitment thresholds decreased for younger men (p = 0.001). We propose that aging results in neuromuscular impairments that hinder older adults’ ability to make compensatory adjustments in motor unit control during fatigue.
A Fast and Secure Pipelined Barrel Processor for Safety-Critical Applications for Real-Time Operating Systems

Security, reliability, and efficiency are crucial traits of the microprocessors used for safety and mission critical applications. Conventional microprocessors are typically not suitable for these applications, mainly because these processors do not support architectural-level protection including thread isolation, which in turn could lead to security vulnerabilities in embedded systems. In this case, a single erroneous thread could cause catastrophic failure of the whole system. Also, with conventional microprocessors, no specific defense mechanisms are provided to prevent foreign invaders such as viruses from attacking the system. This could become a significant problem especially for safety and mission critical applications that are typically real-time systems. In this paper, we introduce novel and unique pipeline barrel processor (PBP) architecture for safety and mission critical applications for real-time operating systems. Our PBP microprocessor is designed in such a way to alleviate the aforementioned issues, by comprising following features: fine-grained multi-tasking using single pipeline assembly, dynamic allocation of CPU cycles, memory partitioning at the architectural level, execution code regions at the hardware level, and global variables and stack protections. Experiments are performed to evaluate our PBP microprocessor, and to verify the correctness and functionality of the microprocessor design.
Analysis of Performance Variation of Composite Logic in 7nm CMOS Technology Using SBD Effect Based on TDDB

As a result of technology trends, the gate oxide has been steadily thinning. The traps in the gate oxide form a conduction path from gate to channel. This leads to breakdown which is often known as soft breakdown. Although soft breakdown has not many immediate impacts on the circuit performance, it is more susceptible to soft breakdown in future appliances. This paper gives an overview of Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) on the performance variation of CMOS devices. TDDB is one of the reasons of performance variation in CMOS Technology. In this paper, delay variation of CMOS circuit due to TDDB is analyzed for various levels and locations using 7nm CMOS technology. Delay variation is dependent on the input rising or falling transition of the circuit and the position of the gates affected by TDDB. Performance analysis and simulation results are provided in this paper.
A phase Ib multicenter study of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) in combination with irinotecan (IRI) in patients with advanced recurrent or unresectable gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (aGEC) after at least one line of treatment with a fluoropyrimidine and platinum containing regimen.

TPS251Background: In 2L+ aGEC, taxanes +/- ramucirumab or IRI are recommended treatment options. IRI has been tested in multiple single arm and randomized trials in second line (2L)+ aGEC, with rep...
A System-Level Modeling Approach for Simulating Radiation Effects in Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converters

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with different topologies respond differently to total ionizing dose (TID). A flexible behavioral modeling approach is proposed for system-level simulation of TID effects in successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADCs. The radiation-enabled approach can be adapted for a wide range of ADCs of various resolutions, clock speeds, and manufacturers. The empirical model is calibrated and validated, pre-rad and post-rad, for a particular ADC. Pre-rad calibration is performed by introducing distributions of static parameters corresponding to datasheet specifications. The post-rad calibration is accomplished by introducing error sources associated with the comparator and digital-to-analog converter (DAC), corresponding to experimental data. The calibrated model is used to examine the dynamic performance and to estimate the probability of parametric failure during the mission lifetime.
momHealth: A Feasibility Study of a Multibehavioral Health Intervention for Pregnant and Parenting Adolescent Mothers.

Introduction In 2016, 209,809 babies were born to mothers 15 - 19 years of age, for a live birth rate of 20.3 per 1,000 in this age group. Many health issues surround adolescent mothers and their infants, many of which can be addressed through behavioral change. The main purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, usability, and relevance of momHealth, an innovative multiple health behavior change (MHBC) education and support mHealth intervention, focused on breastfeeding, healthy eating and active living, and depression prevention among pregnant and parenting adolescents. We also evaluated the proposed online surveys and physical outcome measures for feasibility and acceptability (burden, time, ease of use). Methods A one-group quasi-experimental longitudinal design was used to examine the intervention components and the breastfeeding, diet/activity, and depression outcome measures. Nine iPad-delivered education modules, text messaging, and virtual individual and group support were provided for 12 weeks, beginning at 32 weeks of pregnancy, with follow-up to three months postpartum. Data on the main behaviors and outcomes were collected at three in-home visits, one telephone call soon after birth, and ten postpartum weekly and biweekly online surveys. Results Although recruitment and attrition presented challenges, six participants enrolled in the study during prenatal clinic visits; all were pregnant with their first child, single, and had a mean age of 17.7 years (SD = 1.4). Intervention participation ranged from 59% to 91% for educational module completion, text message reading, and individual virtual support meetings and three virtual peer support groups were held. Intervention acceptability, relevance, and delivery was supported by reports of clear and relevant content, reasonable time burden, iPad ease of use, and acceptable intervention length. Data collection was reported as convenient and non-burdensome, but the diet recall method and activity monitoring challenged some. Conclusions This was the first MHBC research in adolescent pregnant women designed to improve breastfeeding outcomes, healthy eating/active living, and depression prevention. Findings demonstrated strengths and challenges of the interventions and methods, support feasibility and acceptability of momHealth, and informed the recruitment and intervention protocols of our pilot randomized trial.
Dendrimer-Based Nanomedicine

Targeted Drug Delivery in General, New Technology in Medicine, B.B. Ward and J.R. Baker, Jr. General Carriers for Drug Delivery, T.H. Dunham et al. Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Synthesis and Characterization, I.J. Majoros and D.E. Carter Optical and Biophotonic Applications of Dendrimer Conjugate, J.Y. Ye and T.B. Norris Dendrimer Conjugates for Cancer Treatment, I.J. Majoros et al. Biological Application of PAMAM Dendrimer Nanodevices in vitro and in vivo, T.P. Thomas and J.F. Kukowska-Latallo Dendrimer-based Targeted Apoptosis Sensors for Medical Application, A. Myc et al MRI Using Targeted Dendrimer Contrast Agents, S.D. Swanson and C.R. Williams Nanoparticle -- Membrane Interactions: Mechanism for Enhanced Permeability, S. Hong et al. Computer Simulations of Dendrimers, S.K. Kandasamy et al. Dendrimer-Entrapped and Dendrimer-Stabilized Metal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications, X-Y Shi and S.H. Wang
On Cultural Psychology

Acts of Meaning. Jerome Bruner. Jerusalem-Harvard Lectures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990. 200 pp. $19.95 (cloth). Cultural Psychology: Essays on Comparative Human Development. James W. Stigler, Richard A. Shweder, and Gilbert Herdt, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 636 pp. $59.50 (cloth), $19.95 (paper). Human Behavior in Global Perspective: An Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology. Marshall H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen, John W. Berry, and Ype H. Poortinga. Pergamon General Psychology Series, 160. New York: Pergamon Press. 458 pp. $48.50 (cloth), $24.50 (paper).
Integrated Analysis of Temporal Behavior of Component-Based Distributed Real-Time Embedded Systems

Integrated analysis of temporal behavior for distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems is an important design-time step needed to verify safe and predictable system operation at run-time. In earlier work, we have shown a Colored Petri Net-based (CPN) approach to modeling and analyzing component-based DRE systems. In this paper, we present new CPN-based modeling approaches and advanced state space methods that improve on the scalability and efficiency of the analysis. The generality of the modeling principles used show the applicability of this approach to a wide range of systems.
ADVANCED VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEMS (AVCS) FOR PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT : IT' S NOT JUST FOR SAFETY ANYMORE

In this paper, the authors emphasize the need for a greater emphasis on the productivity enhancements that can be gained through the use of Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) technologies. Several application areas are used as examples of these benefits. The authors first review AVCS benefits, including safety and productivity. This is followed by examples of near term applications in specific transit systems, opportunities in commercial vehicle operations, and opportunities with road maintenance vehicles. The authors conclude with a discussion of the need for case studies and cooperative deployments.
Collagen types in normal and cirrhotic liver.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the collagen in normal liver and in liver cirrhosis of different etiology, and to determine whether the ratios of different collagen types vary with the agent that induced the disease. Collagens were extracted from five normal and eight cirrhotic livers, which were obtained at autopsy. Alcoholic, hemochromatotic, Wilson's disease, and posthepatitic cirrhosis were studied. The yield of extracted collagens was 60–95%. Normal liver contained 5.5 ± 1.6 mg of collagen/ g of wet tissue. In cirrhotic liver, collagen was increased four- to sevenfold. In all livers studied, approximately 2 mg of collagen/g of wet tissue remained insoluble. Each liver contained Type I and Type III collagen, and a group of collagens with amino acid composition similar to that found in basement membranes. Three of these basement membrane collagens, A, B, and E, representing onehalf of the liver basement membrane collagen, were purified and partially characterized. The other half, similar in composition to basement membrane collagen obtained from glomerulus, was heterogeneous and was not characterized. Collagens A and Bare identical to the A and B chains isolated from placenta and skin. Collagen E is similar to the collagen previously isolated from human aorta. In cirrhotic, but not normal liver, an additional collagen, which was identified as a trimer of α1 Type I collagen, was found. Normal livers contained approximately equal amounts of Type I, Type Ill, and basement membrane collagens; The ratio of Type l/Type III collagen was smaller than 1, suggesting a slight predominance of Type III collagen. In cirrhotic livers regardless of etiology, all collagen Types were increased; in livers containing 20 mg of collagen/g of tissue, Type I collagen was the predominant type, and the ratio of Type I/Type III collagen was increased.
Is it worth diagnosing and treating distal deep vein thrombosis? No

The standard diagnostic approach to suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is serial lower limb compression ultrasound (CUS) of proximal veins. Although it only assesses the proximal veins, withholding anticoagulant treatment in patients with a negative CUS on day 1 and after 1 week has been proved safe. In particular, studies evaluating CUS limited to the proximal veins showed a good safety profile with a pooled estimate of the 3-month thromboembolic rate of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4-0.9%) in non-anticoagulated patients. However, performing two lower limbs CUS is cumbersome and expensive. Recently, studies using a unique complete (proximal and distal) CUS showed a similar pooled estimate of the 3-month thromboembolic rate (0.3%; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6%) but distal DVTs accounted for as many as 50% of all diagnosed DVTs in those series. Comparing these studies may suggest that systematically searching for calf DVTs potentially doubles the number of patients given anticoagulant therapy and entails a risk of over-treatment. Admittedly, performing calf CUS is highly useful in diagnosing other conditions such as popliteal cyst, hematoma or muscle rupture. Performing a CUS limited to the popliteal site in the presence of calf pain may be not well accepted by the patient. However, the advantage of calf CUS in diagnosing venous thromboembolism appears to be at the least debatable. Data suggesting that anticoagulation is indicated for distal DVT are limited, and realizing systematic distal CUS entails a risk of over-treatment. There is an urgent need for randomized trials assessing the usefulness of anticoagulant treatment in distal DVT.
Communicating with pediatricians: developing social work practice in primary care

While social work models of interdisciplinary collaboration suggest that communication is important, the research literature on social worker-physician collaboration infrequently considers work with pediatricians or practice outside the hospital setting. A cross-sectional survey was sent to a stratified random sample of social workers to assess their communication satisfaction with pediatricians. The study found that social workers in health settings were more satisfied than those in mental health settings. The implications of this finding for the development of colocated, collaborative care models are discussed.
The ability of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory compounds to accelerate a disulfide interchange reaction of serum sulfhydryl groups and 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)☆

Abstract Anti-inflammatory compounds were studied for the unusual ability to accelerate a reaction between serum protein sulfhydryl groups and 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Human serum diluted with an equal volume of 0·1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7·4) was allowed to react with 65 μM dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid for 10 min at 30°. The increase in absorbance at 440 mμ induced by the drug (0·67 mM, 1·33 mM, and 2·00 mM) was taken as a measure of the ability of the drug to accelerate disulfide interchange of the serum sulfhydryl groups and dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid. A measurable increase was associated with the presence of thirteen compounds. In decreasing order of reactivity with serum, these were: indomethacin, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, flufenamic acid, ibufenac, salicylic acid, dichlorotolylanthranilic acid, hydroxydione, lauryl sulfuric acid, gentisic acid, mefenamic acid, aminophylline, and acetylsalicylic acid. Except for hydroxydione, all these compounds are known to be anti-inflammatory. No measurable effect was noted with 125 other compounds consisting of commonly used drugs and commonly occurring biologicals. These results indicate a highly significant correlation between the anti-inflammatory effects of nonsteroid drugs and the ability of these drugs to accelerate disulfide interchange of serum sulfhydryl groups and an aromatic disulfide in vitro .
Synthesizing magnetic nanocomposite fibers for undergraduate nanotechnology laboratory

Flexible magnetic nanocomposite fibers were produced by an electrospinning method using a polymeric solution containing poly(acrylonitrile) and magnetite nanoparticles. The educational objective of this study was to demonstrate nanomanufacturing to undergraduate students in the College of Engineering at Wichita State University (WSU). Magnetic nanoparticles (∼10 nm) were prepared using a chemical co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chloride salts in the presence of an ammonium hydroxide solution. The effect of magnetic particle concentrations (e.g., 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on nanocomposite fibers, distribution, and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This experimental study indicated that the average diameter of the magnetic nanocomposite fibers ranged from 400 nm to 1.0 μm. The magnetic responses were found to increase linearly with increasing percent loading of the magnetic nanoparticles.
Observation of Lifetime-Limited X-Ray Linewidths in Cold Highly Charged Ions.

The temperature of ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{45+}$ ions interacting with a 7500-eV electron beam in an electron-beam ion trap was reduced to as low as $59.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9.9\mathrm{eV}$. This decoupling of the electron and ion energy greatly advances the achievable precision of spectral measurements and allowed the first observation of the lifetime-limited linewidth of an x-ray transition in a highly charged ion, enabling the measurement of a radiative lifetime in the femtosecond regime. Using the uncertainty principle, we infer ${1.65}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.24}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ for the lifetime of the upper level of the ${3d}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2p}_{3/2}$ electric-dipole transition in the neonlike Cs ion.
Boundary–interior exchange: Reviewing the idea that internal-wave mixing enhances lateral dispersal near continental margins

Near-boundary mixing affects the dispersal of seawater constituents and may have important consequences for ecological and geological processes since continental boundaries are a fundamental source of lithogenic sediments, nutrients, iron and carbon. This paper examines the idea that gravitational collapse after near-boundary vertical mixing events leads to enhanced dispersal in the horizontal (along-isopycnal) direction. Dye studies from the continental shelf and laboratory investigations of intrusions generated by internal-wave breaking suggest that this is a viable mechanism for offshore dispersal of boundary-layer fluid. However, there have been few attempts to examine this process in the ocean or to quantify it in a form amenable to parameterization. Here this process is considered primarily for continental slopes and conditions of relatively uniform stratification, rather than for shelves where the boundary can intersect a front or seasonal thermocline. This paper reviews a selection of studies examining this concept in the laboratory and ocean, and reviews studies linking internal-wave reflection and mixing to the offshore dispersal of suspended sediment from continental margins.
CROP INSURANCE'S ROLE IN RISK MANAGEMENT ON HOG-CROP FARMS

Multiple peril crop insurance's (MPCI) impact on Central Indiana hog-crop farms was analyzed under scenarios of alternative debt/asset ratios, government deficiency payment programs, and levels of off-farm income and yield variability. MPCI reduced the probability of survival of high-debt farms when yield variability was equal to county average yields. More positive effects result from use of MPCI under assumptions of greater available financial resources or higher levels of yield variability. MPCI is likely to have a more important role in risk management for the medium-debt farm or the high-debt farm with off-farm income than for the other scenarios analyzed.
Spin assignments in 63Ni through 62Ni(d, p)63Ni

Abstract Angular distributions of vector analyzing power have been measured for the reaction 62 Ni ( d, p ) 63 Ni at a beam energy of 10 MeV. The observed j -dependence of vector analyzing power allows unambiguous spin assignments to be made for the following states in 63 Ni (excitation energies in MeV): 0, 1 2 − ; 0.087, 5 2 − ; 0.155, 3 2 − ; 0.515, 3 2 − ; 1.003, 1 2 − ; 2.297, 5 2 + ; 2.700, 1 2 − ; 2.953, 1 2 + ; 3.292, 5 2 + ; 3.932, 5 2 + ; 3.951, 5 2 + ; 4.387, 5 2 + . An assignment of 9 2 + is suggested for the state at 2.519 MeV. The data for the unresolved l n = 4, 1 doublet (1.294, 1.327) MeV indicate the 3 2 − spin assignment for the 1.327 MeV state. The main features for all the data are in agreement with DWBA calculations.
A Long Krupin-Denver Valve Implant Attached to a 180° Scleral Explant for Glaucoma Surgery

A long glaucoma valve implant attached to an external scleral explant was used during filtration surgery in 72 eyes: 39 eyes with neovascular glaucoma and 33 eyes with other types of secondary glaucomas or with primary glaucoma in which prior filtration surgery had failed. The implant consisted of an open Silastic tube (outside diameter, 0.64 mm), which was placed into the anterior chamber. The external end of the tube contained a pressure-sensitive (opening pressure, 11 mmHg) and unidirectional slit-valve, and was sutured within the groove of a #220 Silastic explant. The 180 degree explant was placed beneath three rectus muscles and then sutured so that the grooved side was against the sclera, with the anterior edge 8 to 12 mm posterior to the limbus. The long glaucoma valve implant resulted in a large, posterior bleb extending over the area of the Silastic explant. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of 43.9 mmHg in the eyes with neovascular glaucoma was reduced to 17.4 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 20.2 months. The mean preoperative IOP of 38.1 mmHg in the eyes after failure of previous filtration surgery was reduced to 17.6 mmHg at a mean follow-up of 21.0 months. Postoperative IOP was less than 21 mmHg in 77% of eyes with neovascular glaucoma (47% required additional medication) and in 82% of eyes with previous failure of filtration surgery (56% required additional medication).
Butyltin contamination of sediments and benthic fish from the East, Gulf and Pacific coasts of the United States.

Butyltin concentrations were determined in sediments, tissues and stomach contents of fish collected in 41 embayments on the East, Gulf and Pacific coasts of the U.S.A. between 1986 and 1991 as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Benthic Surveillance Project (NBSP). A total of 99 sediments, 108 fish liver samples from 11 fish species, and 10 composites of fish stomach contents were analyzed for tetrabutylin, tributylin, dibutylin and monobutylin. Tributyltin (TBT) was detected (i.e. > 10 ng/g) in 38 of the sediments samples analyzed and was generally the predominant bulytin present; concentrations of total butyltins ranged from 15 to 1600 ng/g wet weight. The highest concentrations were found in sediments from urban sites, especially sites on the West coast. Many of the fish liver and stomach contents samples also contained butyltins. Tributyltin represented 83 (7.1)% [mean (SEM); n=15], 64 (6.6)% (n=12) and 36 (7.8)% (n=12) of the total butyltins in livers from white croaker, winter flounder and Atlantic croaker, respectively, suggesting possible species differences in biotransformation of TBT. The concentrations of butyltins in stomach contents indicated that diet can be a significant route of exposure of fish to butyltins. Between 1986 and 1991 butyltin concentrations in sediments and fish generally appeared to be declining; however, no statistically significant temporal trends were observed at individual sites or for the sites overall.
A new method for solving a class of ballot problems

On demontre une nouvelle methode pour resoudre des problemes de ballottage qui utilise une certaine formule pour la derivee d'un determinant pour enumerer toutes les facons possibles de votes
Partition of Alkylsulfates of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Structure Dependence and Transport Study

The apparent partition coefficients (log Kapp chloroform-water) of 48 alkylsulfates of substituted quinolinium compounds and 19 alkylsulfates of substituted pyridinium derivatives were correlated with Bondi's group contribution to the surface area (Aw × 109), Hansch's π constant, and Hammett's σ constant. The surface area of the ring substituent and the alkyl group appears to be the most important factor in governing the apparent partition coefficient. The kinetic study of the dialysis of nicotinic acid N-methyl iodide through Visking cellulose membrane showed an effective rate constant of 1.6 × 10−2 min.−1 in the first hour and a rate constant of 0.3 × 10−2 min.−1 after the first hour. The in vitro intestinal absorption of four quaternary ammonium iodides was studied. It was found that the presence of equimolar concentration of sodium decylsulfate inhibited the transfer of the quaternary ammonium compounds.
Positive forgetting: The noninterference of Items intentionally forgotten

Efficient remembering is clearly related to efficient forgetting: information no longer needed must be prevented from interfering proactively with the handling of new information. This paper reports three paired-associate probe experiments designed to assess whether Ss could take advantage of a signal to forget some or all of the pairs presented prior to the signal. As it turns out, the effects of a forget signal are considerable: to-be-forgotten pairs do not inferfere at all with the recall of to-be-remembered pairs. A theory of intentional forgetting is proposed that assumes Ss (a) organize the remember items into a grouping that functionally separates them from the forget items and (b) devote all rehearsal activities following the forget instruction to the remember items.
Acetate threshold concentrations suggest varying energy requirements during anaerobic respiration by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans

Acetate threshold concentrations were determined under chlororespiring and Fe(III)-reducing conditions for Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C. The acetate threshold concentrations measured were 69 +/- 4, 19 +/- 8, and <1 nM for chlororespiration, amorphous Fe(III) reduction, and Fe(III) citrate reduction, respectively. Residual DeltaG values of -75.4 kJ/mol of electrons for chlororespiration and -41.5 kJ/mol of electrons for amorphous Fe(III) reduction were calculated at the acetate threshold concentration. By comparing threshold concentrations for different metabolisms in a single organism, this study provides insight into the metabolic use of energy under different growth conditions.
Research on geography textbooks in the United States

This article reviews research on geography textbooks in the United States. Geography, as part of the social studies, is a component of textbook content but has attracted little research interest. Textbook research trends in history and the social studies in general are summarised, followed by an assessment of research in and evaluation of geography textbooks. A preliminary research agenda related to the implementation of Geography for Life: The National Geography Standards (1994), geography and textbooks is proposed. The effect of education politics in determining textbook content in the US is suggested as a keyfocus.
Disorder in the domain of the personality disorders.

Abstract In contrast to medical conditions like cancer, pneumonia, and nephritis—all unequivocally diseases, application of the medical model to the domain of personality disorders is necessarily controversial. Everyone has a personality. The dividing lines between peculiarities and quirks, occasional outbursts under stress, persistent abnormalities of a mild sort, and chronic disorders with severe consequences for self and others—cannot readily be drawn, certainly not to universal agreement. Even where there is widespread acceptance about criteria for a particular disorder, one cannot speak prescriptively about its “ideal” treatment. The current diagnostic manual in psychiatry (DSM-IV) will soon be replaced by DSM-V. Some of the deficiencies and ambiguities of the last edition will be corrected; new ones will appear. There will always be some disagreement, in effect—some “disorder” in the domain of personality disorders. In this article some of the more pervasive problem areas are outlined. Among them: t...
Design and construction of a metal matrix composite ultra-lightweight optical system

Significant reduction in weight of optomechanical systems is possible through the use of three new technologies: metal matrix composite materials, Meinel type telescope structures, and shape optimization of mirror substrates. These technologies are successfully employed in a 400 mm aperture f/1.5 dual channel visible/infrared catadioptric telescope system designed and built at the Optical Science Center, University of Arizona. This system is designed for remote control and is operated in an environment characterized by wide temperature shifts as well as severe mechanical vibration. The telescope is a 400 mm aperture f/5 Ritchey-Chretien, with a 1 degree field of view. A Meinel type telescope structure is employed in combination with a single arch sandwich mirror to reduce telescope weight to about 7 kg. An aluminum reinforced with silicon carbide metal matrix composite is used thorughout the telescope, with a metal matrix composite foam as the shear core of the sandwich primary mirror. The dual channel optical bench employs a high performance focal reducer and is constructed of the same type of metal matrix composite used in the telescope. A passive athermalization scheme provides optical aberration correction over a wide range of temperatures, and is combined with a motorized internal focus to avoid moving the telescope secondary. Design and construction of the telescope was facilitated by a process of interactive optical design, computer aided mechanical layout, and finite element analysis. System performance was successfully simulated prior to final assembly using results from actual optical tests. The final system displayed good performance and represents a successful first use of a number of technologies, including the foam core single arch metal matrix composite primary mirror.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Electron transfer, target excitation, and ionization in H++Na(3s) and H++Na(3p) collisions in the coupled-Sturmian-pseudostate approach.

Total cross sections for electron transfer, target excitation, and ionization processes are reported for the ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$+Na(3s) and ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$+Na(3p) systems at 1--100 keV impact energies. We have employed a two-center coupled-Sturmian-pseudostate approach that has recently been developed and applied to several quasi-one-electron systems by Winter [Phys. Rev. A 48, 3706 (1993)]. The Sturmian basis set, together with an analytic Hartree-Fock potential, are chosen carefully so that all three channels (transfer, excitation, and ionization) are represented properly. We also discuss briefly the effects of the binding-energy correction on the calculated cross sections. We find that our various cross sections (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{cap}}^{\mathrm{tot}}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{cap}}^{\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{n}=2)}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{cap}}^{\mathrm{H}(2\mathit{s})}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{cap}}^{\mathrm{H}(2\mathit{p})}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{exc}}^{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}(3\mathit{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\mathit{p})}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{exc}}^{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}(3\mathit{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\mathit{d})}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{ion}}^{\mathrm{tot}}$) and the ${\mathit{A}}_{20}$ alignment parameter for Na(3s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p) compare very well with most of the available experimental data, as well as with previous theoretical results.For all the above quantities, when a comparison is made between theory and measurement, our results are equally good or better than the earlier calculations employing different theoretical approaches. We still find a persistent discrepancy between theory (present as well as previous calculations) and measurements for the electron transfer cross sections into the metastable state of the H atom (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{cap}}^{\mathrm{H}(2\mathit{s})}$). Our results for the orientation and alignment effects in the electron transfer process of ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$+Na(3p) collisions are in good qualitative accord with recent observations and previous theoretical studies. In particular, we see a strong enhancement for the H(n\ensuremath{\ge}3) capture cross sections in the ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$+Na(3p) collisions. The H(n=2) production cross sections in the ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$+Na(3p) collisons follow a roughly similar trend, as observed experimentally when plotted against the impact energy.
An analysis of organizational behavior management research in terms of the three-Contingency model of performance management

ABSTRACT The three-contingency model of performance management (Malott, 1992, 1993, 1999) was used to analyze interventions in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM) from the years 1990 through 2005 (Volume 11[1] –Volume 25[4]). The current article extends previous reviews (Malott, Shimamune, & Malott, 1992; Otto & Malott, 2004) by assessing how behavior analysts have applied this level of analysis in the description of interventions and the importance of this conceptual precision when describing maintaining variables. All 48 studies meeting criteria for inclusion in the current article involved indirect-acting contingencies with outcomes too delayed to reinforce the causal response. Only 17 of the 24 articles that described the performance-management contingencies described them correctly in terms of the maintaining behavioral mechanisms.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of trimethylsilylcyanide

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of trimethylsilylcyanide are examined theoretically using the gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of eight types of motion (Si–C stretch, C N stretch, C–H stretch, C–Si–C bend, Si–C N bend, H–C–H bend, CH3 rock, and CH3 twist) utilizing the C3v symmetry of the molecule. Calculations were performed at the Hartree–Fock, DFT (B3LYP), and MP2 levels of theory using the standard 6-311G** basis. Theoretical results were successfully compared against available experimental data.
Attaining optimal batch performance via distributed processing over networks

This work shows how the combination weights of diffusion strategies for adaptation and learning over networks can be chosen in order for the network mean-square-error performance to match that of an optimized centralized (or batch) solution. The results show that this is possible regardless of the network topology, however sparse it is, as long as the network is connected without disjoint sub-graphs.
After FMECA: Using Vulnerability to Establish a Technical Basis for Maintenance Tasks

Increasing demands on maintenance and operations organization are coupled with the loss of expertise industry-wide — causing many organizations to approach plant maintenance more reactively in spite of past investments in Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) efforts — including Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). This phenomenon is known as degradation of the maintenance basis. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has developed a method to maintain the investments utilities have made into various maintenance optimization efforts. Utilizing expert elicitation, EPRI has developed modules for 136 different components and a statistical method for measuring degradation and task effectiveness data for each component and rolling those results to the system and the plant level. The end result of a successful analysis is a technical basis for maintenance that is established using quantitative analysis on proven data. This paper will describe a method for vulnerability-based analysis.Copyright © 2008 by Electric Power Research Institute
Is environmental health a determinant or an afterthought in policies ranging from water quality to global warming

AbstractThe goal of this discussion is to draw attention to the regrettable fact that health repercussions are not being addressed in policy setting. This absence covers a spectrum from policies as technically focused as that governing water quality, where the health dimensions are well known, to policies as broad as those dealing with global warming, where the health dimensions are still being defined. This situation is likely to worsen unless the environmental health community accepts the responsibility to do more outreach. The presentation also gives examples of how inclusion of environmental health in policy deliberations can increase economically quantifiable benefits and can help justify investments that are otherwise considered too costly. Despite advances in environmental health, many, if not most, important decisions affecting human health are being made without the input of health specialists. At best, considerations of environmental health are afterthoughts in the policies of business, commerce...
Automated selection of blocking columns for record linkage

Record Linkage is an essential but expensive step in enterprise data management. In most deployments, blocking techniques are employed which can reduce the number of record pair comparisons and hence, the computational complexity of the task. Blocking algorithms require a careful selection of column(s) to be used for blocking. Selection of appropriate blocking column is critical to the accuracy and speed-up offered by the blocking technique and requires intervention by data quality practitioners who can exploit prior domain knowledge to analyse a small sample of the huge database and decide the blocking column(s). However, the selection of optimal blocking column(s) can depend heavily on the quality of data and requires extensive analysis. An experienced data quality practitioner is required for the selection of optimal blocking columns. In this paper, we present a data-driven approach to automatically choose blocking column(s), motivated from the modus operandi of data quality practitioners. Our approach produces a ranked list of columns by evaluating them for appropriateness for blocking on the basis of factors including data quality and distribution. We evaluate our choice of blocking columns through experiments on real world and synthetic datasets. We extend our approach to be employed in scenarios where more than one column can be used for blocking.
Logarithmic scaling violation and Bose condensation in one-matrix models

In this paper, we are interested in studying critical behavior of Hermitian one-matrix models where the topological expansion for the free-energy develops a logarithmic singularity, Γ∝μ2logμ+…. We consider models where the potential is of the type U(M)= t0V0(M)−tflogVf(M). We show that, for tf>0, the model has an underlying fermionic structure. Continuing into the bosonic region where tf<0 allows the possibility of Bose condensation, which is shown to be responsible for a logarithmic scaling violation for the free energy.
Targeting Conservation Investments in Heterogeneous Landscapes: A Distance-Function Approach and Application to Watershed Management

To achieve an environmental objective at least cost, decision makers must integrate information about spatially variable biophysical and economic conditions. Although the biophysical attributes that contribute to an environmental outcome are often known, the way in which these attributes interact to produce the outcome is often unknown. We introduce a nonparametric conservation targeting approach that relies on distance functions to cost-efficiently allocate conservation funds. We apply the approach empirically to the case of conservation contracting for water-quality objectives. The contract portfolios derived from the application have many desirable properties, including intuitive appeal and robust performance across plausible parametric scoring measures.
Basic theory for polarized, astrophysical maser radiation in a magnetic field

Fundamental alterations in the theory and resulting behavior of polarized, astrophysical maser radiation in the presence of a magnetic field have been asserted based on a calculation of instabilities in the radiative transfer. I reconsider the radiative transfer and find that the relevant instabilities do not occur. Calculational errors in the previous investigation are identified. In addition, such instabilities would have appeared -- but did not -- in the numerous numerical solutions to the same radiative transfer equations that have been presented in the literature. As a result, all modifications that have been presented in a recent series of papers (Elitzur 1991, 1993) to the theory for polarized maser radiation in the presence of a magnetic field are invalid. The basic theory is thus clarified.
Active non-linear control of buckling and vibrations of a flexible buckled beam

Abstract Buckled beams have been used in several engineering applications to support lateral loading. These arch-like structures are highly non-linear and may display several instability phenomena when subjected to dynamic and static loads, in particular snap-through buckling. In this paper the non-linear dynamic behaviour and snapping of a shallow, simply supported sinusoidal buckled beam subjected to a distributed step pressure load is studied over a range of arch geometries. The dynamic response of the buckled beam is shown to exhibit both symmetric and asymmetric solutions, depending on the value of the applied axial load. To control the non-linear oscillations of the arch, concentrated moments are applied at suitable points along the beam axis. A control method based on non-linear optimal control, using state feedback, is developed and the solution of the non-linear optimal control problem is obtained by representing system non-linearities and performance indices by power series of the state variables with the help of algebraic tensor theory. Using this procedure, control laws up to the third order are derived. The results show that the proposed control scheme cannot only mitigate the effects of dynamic loading on the vibration amplitudes of the beam but also prevent dangerous instability phenomena. In particular the numerical results indicate that, increasing the non-linearity of the control force, one cannot only decrease the peak and root mean square (rms) values of the controlled response but also increase significantly the dynamic buckling load, thus increasing the load-carrying capacity of the buckled beam.
Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave

A compilation of the optical constants of ice Ih is made for temperatures within 60 K of the melting point. The imaginary part mim of the complex index of refraction m is obtained from measurements of spectral absorption coefficient; the real part mre is computed to be consistent with mim by use of known dispersion relations. The compilation of mim requires subjective interpolation in the near-ultraviolet and microwave, a temperature correction in the far-infrared, and a choice between two conflicting sources in the near-infrared. New measurements of the spectral absorption coefficient of pure ice are needed, at temperatures near the melting point, for 185–400-nm, 1.4–2.8-μm, 3.5–4.3-μm, 33–600-μm, and 1–100-mm wavelengths.
Sodium Butyrate Induces Pyroglutamyl Peptidase I and Decreases Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in GH3 Cells*

The effect of sodium butyrate treatment on TRH-degrading enzymes and TRH receptors in GH3 cells was investigated. The specific activity of pyroglutamyl peptidase I (EC 3.4.19.3) was increased by exposure to sodium butyrate in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas the specific activity of prolyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) was unchanged. The maximal effect occurred at a concentration of 1 mM sodium butyrate and 16 h after exposure. The increase was reversible upon removal of sodium butyrate from the cell culture. Cycloheximide totally blocked the stimulation, indicating that the increase was due to new protein synthesis. Sodium butyrate had no effect on pyroglutamyl peptidase I activity in the AtT-20 cell line. [methyl-3H]TRH binding to intact GH3 cells was reduced to 70% of the control value when cells were exposed to 1 mM sodium butyrate for 8 h. A maximal decrease in binding to 40% of the control value occurred after 16 h of exposure. The Kd of [methyl-3H]TRH binding was not changed. Sodium butyrate altered GH3 cell morphology, but the morphological changes occurred after alterations of pyroglutamyl peptidase I activity and [methyl-3H]TRH-binding sites. Other agents known to alter GH3 cell morphology had no effect on pyroglutamyl peptidase I activity. These results indicate that sodium butyrate can in some respects mimic the action of T3 on GH3 cells. Moreover, they provide further evidence that the activity of pyroglutamyl peptidase I, but not prolyl endopeptidase, is subject to regulation in the GH3 cell.
Multiple decompositions for computational convenience

Abstract Computational convenience in the decomposition method can be enhanced by decomposition also of system input and system operators, as well as the solution process, to achieve simple-to-integrate series for linear or nonlinear differential equations.
Prenatal diagnosis of horseshoe lung and esophageal atresia

We present a case of horseshoe lung (HL) and esophageal atresia suspected prenatally on US imaging and confirmed with fetal MRI. Prenatal diagnosis of HL and esophageal atresia allowed for prenatal counseling and informed parental decisions.
Revising Psychiatry's Charter Document DSM-IV

A composition researcher and psychiatrist report findings from their 3-year study of the revision of the most important book in the mental health profession: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual o...
Brain Eicosanoid Formation Following Acute Penetration Injury as Studied by In Vivo Microdialysis

Formation of eicosanoids has been implicated in the pathological changes that follow brain injuries. In the present study, we used a microdialysis probe to both induce acute penetration injury and also sample extracellular fluid concentrations of eicosanoids. Formation of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGF2 alpha, and thromboxane B2 was highest in the first hour following introduction of the probe into rat striatum. In contrast, the level of PGE2 was highest during the sixth hour of collection, while 6-keto-PGF1 alpha remained stable throughout the sampling period. We conclude that in vivo microdialysis may be useful in the evaluation of the time course of the effects of acute penetration injury of the brain on the local production of eicosanoids.