cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Constructive Approach to Economic Fluctuations

A major goal of this paper is to introduce a constructive approach to the study of economic phenomena. The highlights of this approach are its connections with the recent advances in neuroscience and the earlier research of Turing, McCulloch, Godel and Church.3 We claim that the spectacular innovations in computer-neuroscience and bio- logical-neuroscience clarify the limitations of modern economics flowing from both its static foundations and its previous neglect of the interdisciplinary foundations of utility and production theory. It is precisely these two areas of neuroscience which contain the building blocks required for constructing dynamic economic processes of tastes and production. The recent neuroscientific innovations are responsible for this potential construction. Furthermore, an interdisciplinary network among economics and the disciplines comprising artificial intelligence (AI) could enhance the AI disciplines as much as it vitalises economics. We maintain that these gains from trade can be realised only if the static and fragile von Neumann-Morgenstern edifice is replaced by flexible foundations less vulnerable to paradox and more tolerant to the faults and errors intrinsic in human decision-making.
Image Guided Radiation Therapy: Applications in Radiology and Endoscopy

Broadly, image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is defined as a radiation therapy procedure that uses image guidance before and during treatment. Two main approaches of IGRT including target delineation of the dataset (image) and 3D parametric dose displaying were described in this paper. In the first study, different target delineation methods such as manual delineation, thresholding methods, variational approaches, learning methods and stochastic modeling were examined by the author in positron emission tomography (PET) images which is one of the promising imaging modalities in detecting cancers and lesions. The experimental results show the effectiveness of these methods. In the other study, the author represented two widely used methods such as colorwash and isodose lines as 3D parametric dose displaying modes in endoscopic images using volumetric data of CT images. Quantitative measurements in terms of target registration error (TRE) and dose display error (DDE) were calculated in the clinical case and two different phantoms included tube phantom and leg phantom.
L’Internet des Objets : la troisième révolution industrielle

On peut dater de 1988, l’origine de la conceptualisation de l’Internet industriel des Objets (Internet of Things – IoT en anglais) grâce au travail de Mark Weiser du PARC de Xerox (Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated) qui, le premier, a emis l’idee que les ordinateurs « trament le tissu de la vie quotidienne », influencant des lors l’avenir du secteur (cf. Scientific American, 1991). La base des connaissances don’t parle Weiser renvoie au debat de Herbert Simon dans son papier de 1987 intitule The Steam Engine and the Computer: What makes technology revolutionary. Celuici y donne sa vision de l’ordinateur : « rencontrez des amis par son intermediaire, parlez-lui, laissez-le vous parler. »…
The Role of BDNF in the Development of Fear Learning

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor that is dynamically expressed in the brain across postnatal development, regulating neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity. The neurotrophic hypothesis of psychiatric mood disorders postulates that in the adult brain, decreased BDNF levels leads to altered neural plasticity, contributing to disease. Although BDNF has been established as a key factor regulating the critical period plasticity in the developing visual system, it has recently been shown to also play a role in fear circuitry maturation, which has implications for the emergence of fear-related mood disorders. This review provides a detailed overview of developmental changes in expression of BDNF isoforms, as well as their receptors across postnatal life. In addition, recent developmental studies utilizing a genetic BDNF single nucleotide polymorphism (Val66Met) knock-in mouse highlight the impact of BDNF on fear learning during a sensitive period spanning the transition into adolescent time frame. We hypothesize that BDNF in the developing brain regulates fear circuit plasticity during a sensitive period in early adolescence, and alterations in BDNF expression (genetic or environmental) have a persistent impact on fear behavior and fear-related disorders.
Preventing acute care-associated venous thromboembolism in adult and pediatric patients across a large healthcare system.

BACKGROUND Although effective methods for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTE-P) have been known for decades, reliable implementation has been challenging. OBJECTIVE Develop reliable VTE-P systems for adult and for pediatric patients to reduce preventable venous thromboembolism (VTE). DESIGN We used a discovery and diffusion system to first develop an effective system in 1 hospital location, and then spread the principle best practices across the entire 22-hospital system. SETTING Twenty-two Mayo Clinic hospitals (adults and children). PATIENTS Adult and pediatric patients. INTERVENTION (1) Ensure that a VTE-P is declared at admission by providing a mandatory VTE-P "tollgate" that requires the provider to assess the risk for VTE and provide an appropriate order for VTE-P. (2) Use clinical decision support to provide ongoing surveillance and alerts to providers when there is a lapse in the VTE-P plan. MEASUREMENTS In adults, VTE compliance as measured by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Core Measures VTE-1 and VTE-2, preventable VTE as measured by VTE-6, and in pediatric patients, appropriate VTE measures as determined by chart audit. RESULTS VTE-1 and VTE-2 have approached 97% to 100% and preventable VTE has declined to 0% for the last 3 quarters. Similarly, the pediatric VTE-P screening tool was evaluated and piloted with >92% compliance in risk documentation, appropriate VTE-P >64%, and 0 VTE events during the study period. CONCLUSION An integrated system-wide approach can lead to measurable improvements in VTE-P process and outcome measures. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:S15-S21. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Whole‐protein alanine‐scanning mutagenesis of allostery: A large percentage of a protein can contribute to mechanism

Many studies of allosteric mechanisms use limited numbers of mutations to test whether residues play "key" roles. However, if a large percentage of the protein contributes to allosteric function, mutating any residue would have a high probability of modifying allostery. Thus, a predicted mechanism that is dependent on only a few residues could erroneously appear to be supported. We used whole-protein alanine-scanning mutagenesis to determine which amino acid sidechains of human liver pyruvate kinase (hL-PYK; approved symbol PKLR) contribute to regulation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP; activator) and alanine (inhibitor). Each nonalanine/nonglycine residue of hL-PYK was mutated to alanine to generate 431 mutant proteins. Allosteric functions in active proteins were quantified by following substrate affinity over a concentration range of effectors. Results show that different residues contribute to the two allosteric functions. Only a small fraction of mutated residues perturbed inhibition by alanine. In contrast, a large percentage of mutated residues influenced activation by Fru-1,6-BP; inhibition by alanine is not simply the reverse of activation by Fru-1,6-BP. Moreover, the results show that Fru-1,6-BP activation would be extremely difficult to elucidate using a limited number of mutations. Additionally, this large mutational data set will be useful to train and test computational algorithms aiming to predict allosteric mechanisms.
An Unsettled Debate About the Potential Role of Infection in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.

Association of infection with atherosclerosis is by no means new. Several sero-epidemiological and pathologic studies as well as animal models have shown a link between infection and atherosclerosis. Exciting discoveries in recent times related to role of inter-individual genetic variation in modulating inflammatory response to infection have reignited the enthusiasm in proving a causal link between infection and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this article was to review and analyze the available evidence linking infection with atherosclerosis. J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(7):547-554 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3032w
U.S. Senators on Twitter: Asymmetric Party Rhetoric in 140 Characters:

The U.S. Senate is a party-polarized institution where divisive political rhetoric stems from the partisan divide. Senators regularly chastise political opponents, but not all senators are equally ...
The Great War at Sea: European waters, 1914–15

While the search for Spee’s squadron and individual commerce-raiding cruisers provided a focal point for the global prelude of the naval war, the battle cruiser Goeben and its escort Breslau , the only other German warships stationed beyond the Baltic and North Sea, became the dramatic centerpiece of the opening of the war in European waters. Following the lead of Winston Churchill, author of the first (and best-selling) history to address the flight of the Goeben from the central Mediterranean to the sanctuary of Constantinople, a century later historians continue to exaggerate its significance. Especially in the English-speaking world, it remains not uncommon to see this lone ship credited with bringing the Ottoman Empire into the war. The alliance of the Turks with the Germans certainly had far-reaching consequences. It blocked the Dardanelles and Bosporus to Allied shipping, cutting Russia’s best supply route from the western Allies, thereby contributing to its collapse in 1917. Meanwhile, in the Middle East, it prompted Britain to seek friends among the Arabs while also promising Palestine to the Zionists, all in the quest to undermine Ottoman rule. But in attributing the German–Ottoman alliance to the Goeben alone, some writers go as far as to postulate a causal link between its opening maneuvers and the establishment of Soviet communism, as well as the modern-day Arab–Israeli conflict, as if these world-changing developments would not have occurred otherwise. Yet Churchill himself foreshadowed such fanciful arguments by concluding that the Goeben steamed for Constantinople “carrying with her for the peoples of the East and Middle East more slaughter, more misery, and more ruin than has ever before been borne within the compass of a ship.”
Mark Aaron Polger and Scott Sheidlower. Engaging Diverse Learners: Teaching Strategies for Academic Librarians . Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2017. 164p. Paper, $60.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-3850-7).

Academic librarians in teaching roles face a recurring challenge to make connections with students that result in student learning of the desired content. Defining “engagement” in terms of these connections, authors Mark Aaron Polger and Scott Sheidlower seek to provide a practical guide to a number of approaches to engaging students in both semester-long and “one-shot” instructional opportunities. With the recognition that our students come to college from a diversity of backgrounds and with a range of learning styles, the authors hope to inspire the reader to seek out and use different techniques to improve student engagement. Unfortunately, the brevity of both their presentation’s original analysis, or synthesis of the cited research, limits the effectiveness of this book in achieving this goal.
Students' perception of Quizlet as a Chinese learning tool: a preliminary study

Since its depute in 2010, the Quizlet has grown to become a popular multi-purpose language learning tool. The purpose of the study was to examine the perception of the Quizlet as a tool to learn Chinese. Participants were seventh grade (n = 15) and eighth grade (n = 17) students enrolled in the Chinese language programs of a middle school. The measuring instrument consisted of 18 items. Item respond was based on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.913, indicating its high internal consistency. Results of the one-sample t-tests showed that there were three significant items among each of the seventh and eighth graders. Overall, students are reluctant to use the Quizlet every day or use it at home. The students also do not like the printed Quizlet and paper flashcards. Nevertheless, future studies should include a larger sample and compare the effectiveness of different language learning software.
Evenhandedness in Resource Allocation: Its Relationship with CEO Ideology, Organizational Discretion, and Firm Performance

We develop a new explanation for why some organizations are relatively evenhanded, while others are more disparate, in allocating resources to subunits. Recognizing the central role of chief execut...
Abstract 18242: Association Between Electrographic Seizure Suppression and Neurological Outcomes After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Seizures after cardiac arrest are associated with worse outcomes, but there is no evidence that treatment improves outcomes. We leveraged existing practice variation to compare the effectiveness of aggressive electroencephalography (EEG) and antiepileptic drug (AED) use to infrequent spot EEG and AED use. Methods: We included a cohort of comatose post-arrest patients at two academic medical centers from 2011-2014. The same critical care group staffs both centers, but Center 1 uses continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring and aggressively treats malignant EEG patterns while Center 2 uses infrequent spot EEGs. We classified each patient’s daily EEG from admission until death, awakening or day 5 as “malignant” (status epilepticus, polyspikes or periodic discharges), “not malignant,” or “not performed.” We abstracted covariates and outcomes from our prospective registry: age, illness severity (Pittsburgh Cardiac Arrest Category), shockable rhythm, arrest location, survival to hospital discharge and functionally favorable survival (Cerebral Performance Category 1-2). We used generalized estimating equations to test for an interaction between center and EEG pattern predicting outcomes after adjusting for clinical covariates. Results: We included 824 subjects (Center 1: 513, Center 2: 311). Center 1 subjects were younger, more likely to arrest out-of-hospital and had higher illness severity (all P Conclusion: Post-arrest cEEG monitoring and AED usage is not associated with improved outcomes at discharge. This appears to be influenced by selection bias at Center 2.
Who I Am and Who I Want to Be: Narrative and the Evolving Self of the Social Worker in Clinical Practice

The chapter presents a narrative perspective on the evolving professional self of the social worker, and examines the variety of stories that may lead social workers to choose to do this work. The role of social work values for a narrative understanding of the nature and meaning of the practice of clinical social work is explored, along with strategies for the ongoing development and support of the social worker.
Single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter topology for distributed DC sources

A new single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter topology using an H-bridge inverter is proposed to reduce the number of active components and improve power quality. The topology is comprised of two or more cascaded H-bridges to increase the number of voltage levels and power handling capability. The basic unit of the proposed inverter is comprised of a voltage-level generator (VLG) connected to the input of the classical H-bridge. The main advantage of this setup is a significant reduction in the number of switches and voltage sources required to generate the desired number of voltage levels. As a result, the output power quality, cost and size are significantly improved. To verify the benefits of this topology, in a more complete way, both the symmetric and asymmetric configurations are investigated. MATLAB/Simulink models for symmetric 9-level and asymmetric 31-level cascaded multilevel inverter configurations are used to validate the performance of the proposed topology, and satisfactory results are reported.
Social network inference in videos

Abstract Video analysis with the aim of discovering social relations between the people in that video is an important and unexplored topic with significant benefit toward a higher level understanding of videos. This chapter focuses on the inference of two social groups in each video where members of each group share friendly relations with each other and have an adversarial relation with members of the other social group. Using low-level audiovisual features and motion trajectories we compute a measure of expression of social relation in each scene in video. The occurrence of actors in each scene is computed using face recognition with Local Binary Pattern descriptor. The actor-scene forms a two-model social network, which we use to compute a one-mode network of actors. The leaders of each group, who are the actors with greater social impact, are estimated using Eigen centrality. We demonstrate our approach on several Hollywood films, which span genres of action, adventure, drama, sci-fi, thriller, historic, and fantasy. This approach is successful at using video content analysis to infer the two social groups and typically the principal protagonist and antagonist in the films as well.
The Poisson Process and Its Ramifications

We begin by describing in an informal fashion the subject matter of this chapter. The part of the general theory of stochastic processes dealing with countable sets of points randomly distributed on the real line or in an arbitrary space (for instance, Cartesian d-dimensional space) is called the “Theory of Point Processes.” Of all point processes, those on the real line have been most widely studied. Notwithstanding their relatively simple structure, they form building blocks in a variety of industrial, biological, geophysical, and engineering applications. The following example describes a general situation which in a natural fashion introduces a point process on a line.
Endoscopic Mitral Repair: Evolution to Robotics – Endo-balloon Aortic Occlusion Technique

Mitral valve repair (MVP) enables preservation of the entire native valve apparatus. Compared to a prosthetic replacement, repairs have been shown to improve postoperative left ventricular function and lower the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding events. Many studies have demonstrated a long-term survival benefit of MVP versus mitral valve replacement. Minimally invasive mitral valve repairs have been shown to be equal in quality and durability, compared to the open approach. Moreover, less invasive methods provide reduced blood loss, fewer transfusions; shorter mechanical ventilator times, and less intensive unit care stays. Also, patients benefit from less pain, better cosmesis, and a shorter overall recovery time. These benefits outweigh the moderate increase in risk afforded by longer cardiopulmonary perfusion and cardiac arrest times. It is probable that in the future, the sternotomy incision will be a used much less in primary mitral valve surgery. Nevertheless, mastering minimally invasive techniques requires a steep learning curve for both the surgeon and operating room staff. This chapter details the use of endoscopic assistance and endoballoon aortic occlusion for minimally invasive mitral valve repairs. These methods should be used in team and surgeon preparation to advance toward totally endoscopic robotic mitral valve surgery. We believe that new technology should be added serially to a mastered operation rather than relying on several complex advancements at once.
Indigenous reflexivity and resistance in global food activism: The case of Sápmi

AbstractAcross the globe, people are working to document, revitalize, and in some cases, commodify heritage cuisines. Possibilities to engage in these projects for Sami cuisines in Sweden are numerous, including the creation of cookbooks, artisanal food products, and culinary training programs. The goal of this article is to illustrate Sami engagement with global food activism in order to advance scholarly understandings of the ways Indigenous peoples are confronting and utilizing global food activist frameworks to advance Indigenous sovereignty projects. Using detailed ethnographic description, this study makes clear that Sami food activists subvert and embrace many of the associated trappings of food activism, including the well-documented issues of erasure, essentialization, and commodification. Hyper-reflexive engagement in projects to document, teach, and market Sami cuisines allows participants to resist these outcomes, yet the process itself inevitably results in some erasures and essentializations...
Feasibility and Clinical Utility of Electronic Geriatric Assessment (eGA) in Older Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Background The prevalence of age-related impairments in older patients (pts) undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), and its relationship with transplant outcomes is largely unknown. Methods In a pilot quality improvement project, assessment of functional, social, emotional, cognition, sensory, nutritional and polypharmacy domains was performed using an electronic rapid fitness assessment (eRFA) developed at MSKCC (Shahrokni JNCCN 2017). Older adults (age ≥ 60 years) undergoing HCT for hematologic malignancies from 2015 through 2018 in 2 transplant clinics were included. The prevalence of geriatric impairments, transplant-associated toxicities and survival were analyzed under an IRB approved waiver of authorization. Results Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. The median day from eRFA to HCT was 45 days (range 14-162). Median time to complete eRFA was 10 minutes. Table 2 has a summary of geriatric impairments. Majority of pts (n=33) had at least 1 impairment. The most prevalent were social, emotional, polypharmacy and functional. Median number of geriatric impairments per patient was 4 (range 0-9). Median toxicities per patients was 4 (range 0-12). The most common toxicities were: 25 metabolic, 22 infections, 21 oral/gastrointestinal, and 16 cardiopulmonary. The only pt admitted to the ICU was an allo-HCT pt with 5 impairments. Amongst the 8 pts (4 AHCT, 4 allo-HCT) readmitted to the hospital within the first 100 days of HCT, the median number of impairments was 4 (range 0-9). Seven patients died, 5 from disease, and 2 from GvHD. With a median follow up of 9 months (range 1-38) among survivors, the 18-months progression-free and overall survival were 0.71 (0.55-0.91) and 0.7 (0.51-0.95) respectively (Figure 1). Conclusions Performing pre-HCT eRFA among older transplant patients is feasible. With the median completion time of 10 minutes, the eRFA can identify geriatric impairments of this vulnerable population. Future larger studies should assess whether these impairments have association with the outcomes, and whether interventions to improve geriatric impairments also improve transplant outcomes.
Small Septal Branch Artery Thrombus Inducing Ventricular Fibrillation: To Intervene or Not to Intervene.

A 64-year-old woman presented for chest pain and was diagnosed with anteroseptal ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Emergent angiography showed 95% stenosis at the ostium of the se...
The association between medical comorbidity and Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures of treatment initiation and engagement for alcohol and other drug use disorders.

Background: Medical comorbidity may influence treatment initiation and engagement for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders. We examined the association between medical comorbidity and Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) treatment initiation and engagement measures.Methods: We used electronic health record and insurance claims data from 7 US health care systems to identify patients with AOD use disorders between October 1, 2014, and August 15, 2015 (N = 86,565). Among patients identified with AOD use disorders in outpatient and emergency department (ED) settings, we examined how Charlson/Deyo comorbidity index scores and medical complications of AOD use were associated with treatment initiation. Among those who initiated treatment in inpatient and outpatient/ED settings, we also examined how comorbidity and AOD use-related medical complications were associated with treatment engagement. Analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equation logistic regression modeling.Results: Among patients identified as having an AOD diagnosis in outpatient and ED settings (n = 69,965), Charlson/Deyo comorbidity index scores of 2 or more were independently associated with reduced likelihood of initiation (risk ratio [RR] = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74, 0.86; reference score = 0), whereas prior-year diagnoses of cirrhosis (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.35) and pancreatic disease (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.56) were associated with greater likelihood of initiation. Among those who were identified in outpatient/ED settings and initiated, higher comorbidity scores were associated with lower likelihood of engagement (score 1: RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76, 0.94; score 2+: RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.71).Conclusion: Medical comorbidity was associated with lower likelihood of initiating or engaging in AOD treatment, but cirrhosis and pancreatic disease were associated with greater likelihood of initiation. Interventions to improve AOD treatment initiation and engagement for patients with comorbidities are needed, such as integrating medical and AOD treatment.
Habitat Use and Behavior of Multiple Species of Marine Turtles at a Foraging Area in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

Multi-species conservation strategies can be useful to maximize allocation of resources. To effectively plan for multi-species management practices, it is important to have a robust understanding of the variability in the spatial and behavioral ecology of sympatric species. To address this in the context of marine turtles, this study explored fine-scale habitat use by three sympatric species (juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas), Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)) in a foraging area near Crystal River, Florida, USA. By combining sighting surveys and satellite tracking methods, we found that the distribution of the three species of marine turtles in this region overlapped both in space and time. We also observed differences in the fine-scale location of hotspots and in-water behavior among species, with some degree of apparent habitat partitioning. Habitat partitioning was particularly evident when assessing the diving and surfacing behavior of tracked turtles, with some degree of differentiation in diel diving patterns, particularly depths utilized during daytime/nighttime and the dive/surface duration. Our study provides ecological baseline data on the spatial overlap, habitat use and behavior of three sympatric marine turtle species, which can inform future management strategies at nearshore marine habitats in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
A randomized trial to assess beverage hydration index in healthy older adults.

BACKGROUND The beverage hydration index (BHI) is a composite measure of fluid balance after consuming a test beverage relative to water. BHI is a relatively new measure that has been explored in young, but not yet older, adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in BHI between euhydrated younger and older adults after drinking 4 different commercial beverages. We hypothesized that 1) older subjects would remain in positive fluid balance longer than young subjects after ingestion of each test beverage due to decreased urinary excretion rates, 2) glucose (glu)- and amino acid (AA)-based hydration beverages with sodium would have a BHI greater than water in both groups, and 3) the traditional 2-h postingestion BHI may be inappropriate for older adults. METHODS On 5 separate visits, 12 young (23 ± 3 yr, 7 M/5F) and 12 older (67 ± 6 yr, 5 M/7F) subjects consumed 1 L of distilled water, G-20 (6% CHO, 20 mmol/L Na+), G-45 (2.5% CHO, 45 mmol/L Na+), AA-30 (5 AAs, 30 mmol/L Na+), or AA-60 (8 AAs, 60 mmol/L Na+) over 30 min. Blood and urine samples were collected before ingestion and at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postingestion with additional venous blood sampling at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min postingestion. RESULTS In young subjects, BHI increased with increasing beverage Na+ concentration, and AA-60 had the highest BHI (AA-60 = 1.24 ± 0.10 compared with water = 1.00, P = 0.01). For older subjects, BHI was highest in AA-30 (AA-30; 1.20 ± 0.13 compared with water, P < 0.01) and was still in flux beyond 2 h in AA-60 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Beverage Na+ content progressively increased BHI in young adults independent of glucose or AA content. For older adults, the AA-30 beverage had the highest BHI. A 4-h BHI may be more appropriate for older adults due to attenuated urine excretion rates. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03559101.
Imaging of non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease: recent advances in quantitative imaging and comprehensive assessment of disease involvement.

Gaucher disease is an inherited metabolic disorder resulting in deficiency of lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase causing the accumulation of abnormal macrophages (“Gaucher cells”) within multiple organs, most conspicuously affecting the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. As the most common glycolipid metabolism disorder, it is important for radiologists encountering these patients to be familiar with advances in imaging of organ and bone marrow involvement and understand the role of imaging in clinical decision-making. The recent advent of commercially available, reliable, and reproducible quantitative MRI acquisitions to measure fat fractions prompts revisiting the role of quantitative assessment of bone marrow involvement. This manuscript reviews the diverse imaging manifestations of Gaucher disease and discusses more optimal quantitative approaches to ascertain solid organ and bone marrow involvement with an emphasis on future applications of other quantitative methods including elastography.
IFITMs Inhibit Cell Fusion Mediated by Trophoblast Syncytins

Abstract Type I interferon (IFN) induced by virus infections during pregnancy causes placental damage, though the mechanisms and identities of IFN-stimulated genes that are involved remain under investigation. The IFN-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) inhibit virus infections by preventing virus membrane fusion with cells and by inhibiting fusion of infected cells (syncytialization). Fusion of placental trophoblasts via expression of endogenous retroviral fusogens known as Syncytins forms the syncytiotrophoblast, a multinucleated cell structure essential for fetal development. We found that IFN blocks fusion of BeWo human placental trophoblasts. Stably-expressed IFITMs 1, 2, and 3 also blocked fusion of these trophoblasts, while making them more resistant to virus infections. Conversely, stable knockdown of IFITMs in BeWo trophoblasts increased their spontaneous fusion and allowed fusion in the presence of IFN, while also making the cells more susceptible to virus infection. Overall, our data demonstrate that IFITMs are anti-viral and anti-fusogenic in trophoblasts.
Research and Curricula

Connecting curriculum development and research benefits both. Those designing curricula should ensure that their work is scientifically based and evaluated. Those studying existing curricula should understand the ways in which they were developed and validated (or not) and that a comprehensive evaluation program involves more than final outcomes. We use a curriculum research framework to draw implications for research in both development and evaluation projects. For each phase of the framework, we discuss how publishable research and curriculum development (R&D) might occur, as well as what opportunities there may be for evaluation research alone. In all cases, we briefly suggest methods.
Games-based trust: Role-playing the administrative experience of immigrants:

Measures of social capital such as trust have been declining in America for the better part of a century, while an influx of racial and ethnic diversity has apparently quickened the decline. Direct...
Modeling study of deep direct use geothermal on the West Virginia university campus-morgantown, WV

Abstract To reduce the geothermal exploration risk, a feasibility study is performed for a deep direct-use (DDU) system proposed at the West Virginia University (WVU) Morgantown campus. This study applies numerical simulations to investigate reservoir impedance and thermal production. Because of the great depth of the geothermal reservoir, few data are available to characterize reservoir features and properties. As a result, the study focuses on the following three aspects: 1. model choice for predicting reservoir impedance and thermal breakthrough: after investigating three potential models (one single permeability model and two dual permeability models) for flow through fractured rock, it is decided only the single permeability model is needed; 2. well placement (horizontal vs. vertical) options: horizontal well placement seems to be more robust to heterogeneity and the impedance is more acceptable; 3. Prediction uncertainty: the most influential parameters are identified using a First-Order-Second-Moment uncertainty propagation analysis, and the uncertain range of the model predictions is estimated by performing a Monte Carlo simulation. Heterogeneity has a large impact on the prediction, therefore, heterogeneity is included in the predictive model and uncertainty analysis. The numerical model results and uncertainty analysis will be used for further economic studies.
Multiple Chemical Features Impact Biological Performance Diversity of a Highly Active Natural Product-Inspired Library

A systematic, diversity-oriented synthesis approach was employed to access a natural product-inspired flavonoid library with diverse chemical features, including chemical properties, scaffold, stereochemistry, and appendages. Using Cell Painting, the effects of these diversity elements were evaluated, and multiple chemical features that predict biological performance diversity were identified. Scaffold identity appears to be the dominant predictor of performance diversity, but stereochemistry and appendages also contribute to a lesser degree. In addition, the diversity of chemical properties contributed to performance diversity, and the driving chemical property was dependent on the scaffold. These results highlight the importance of key chemical features that may inform the creation of small-molecule, performance-diverse libraries to improve the efficiency and success of high-throughput screening campaigns.
Steric Effects of HN(CH2CH2PR2)2 on the Nuclearity of Copper Hydrides.

Copper hydride clusters of the type (RPNHP)nCu2nH2n (RPNHP = HN(CH2CH2PR2)2; n = 2 and 3) have been synthesized from the reaction of (RPNHP)CuBr with KOtBu under H2 or in one pot from a 1:2:2 mixture of RPNHP, CuBr, and KOtBu under H2. With medium-sized phosphorus substituents (R = iPr and Cy), the phosphine ligands stabilize both hexanuclear and tetranuclear clusters; however, the smaller clusters are kinetic products and aggregate further over time. Use of a bulkier ligand tBuPNHP leads to the formation of only a tetranuclear cluster. Crystallographic studies reveal a distorted octahedral Cu6 unit in (iPrPNHP)3Cu6H6 (2a) and (CyPNHP)3Cu6H6 (2b), while a tetrahedral Cu4 unit exists in (CyPNHP)2Cu4H4 (2b') and (tBuPNHP)2Cu4H4 (2c'), all furnished with face-capping hydrides and bridging RPNHP ligands. The aggregations are maintained in solution, although hydrides are fluxional. These copper clusters are capable of reducing aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding copper alkoxide species. Ranking their reactivity toward N-methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde gives 2b' > 2a, 2b ≫ 2c', which correlates inversely with the order of thermal stability (against decomposition and cluster expansion).
Amyloid and Tau PET Imaging of Alzheimer Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions

Although diagnosing the syndrome of dementia is largely a clinical endeavor, neuroimaging plays an increasingly important role in accurately determining the underlying etiology, which extends beyond its traditional role in excluding other causes of altered cognition. New neuroimaging methods not only facilitate the diagnosis of the most common neurodegenerative conditions (particularly Alzheimer Disease [AD]) after symptom onset, but also show diagnostic promise even in the very early or presymptomatic phases of disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly recognized as a key clinical tool for differentiating normal age-related changes in brain metabolism (using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG]) from those seen in the earliest stages of specific forms of dementia. However, FDG PET only demonstrates nonspecific changes in altered parenchymal glucose uptake and not the specific etiologic proteinopathy causing the abnormal glucose uptake. A growing class of radiotracers targeting specific protein aggregates for amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are changing the way AD is diagnosed, as these radiotracers directly label the underlying disease pathology. As these pathology-specific radiotracers are currently making their way to the clinic, it is important for the clinical neuroradiologist to understand the underlying patterns of Aβ and tau deposition in the context of AD (across its clinical continuum) and in other causes of dementia, as well as understand the implications of current research.
Catching sovereignty fish: Chinese fishers in the southern Spratlys

Abstract In recent years, Chinese fishers have been involved in a number of incidents in disputed areas of the East and South China Seas. Their presence in contested space is due to a combination of factors, including the individual initiative of private fishing boat owners and state policies that seek to leverage Chinese fishers to achieve political aims. These factors differ depending on the area in question. This article examines the case of Chinese fishing in the southernmost sections of China’s claims in the South China Sea, in waters that fall within the exclusive economic zones of Indonesia and Malaysia. It argues that while most Chinese fishing in these waters is driven by private fishing boat owners pursuing economic gain, the Chinese government has played a decisive role in enabling and supporting their activities. This article also offers evidence that some PRC fishers operate there at the direction of the Chinese military, in their capacity as members of China’s “maritime militia.”
Inequalities in jail incarceration across the life course.

The expansive and unequal reach of the criminal justice system is well documented. Annually in the United States, 62 million individuals experience police contact, and 10 million are arrested (1, 2). There are about 10.6 million jail admissions and about 600,000 state or federal prison admissions annually (3). These point in time estimates, however, understate the full extent of criminal justice contact, as they do not account for the percentage of individuals who will experience criminal justice contact over the course of their lives. Research by Western et al. (4) advances our knowledge of inequalities in the cumulative prevalence of jail incarceration, an often overlooked aspect of the criminal justice system that has important implications for individuals, families, and communities (5). This research, which uses administrative data on jail admissions and discharges in New York City, documents the cumulative prevalence of jail incarceration (that is, the percentage of men and women in New York City who can expect to experience jail incarceration by age 38). Jail incarceration is deeply intertwined with other aspects of the criminal justice system, including arrests and prison incarceration, and Western et al. (4) provide an examination of the cumulative risk of jail incarceration. The authors come to several key conclusions that highlight both the prevalence and unequal distribution of jail incarceration. Perhaps most importantly, they find race/ethnic inequality in the cumulative risk of jail incarceration. Black men are eight times more likely than White men to experience jail incarceration by age 38 (26.8% compared with 3.4%). Latino men are five times more likely than White men to experience jail incarceration by age 38 (16.2% compared with 3.4%). The differences persist for women too, with Black and Latina women seven and three times more likely than White women, respectively, to experience jail incarceration by age … [↵][1]1Email: kristin.turney{at}uci.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A physicochemical model of odor sampling

We present a general physicochemical sampling model for olfaction, based on established pharmacological laws, in which arbitrary combinations of odorant ligands and receptors can be generated and their individual and collective effects on odor representations and olfactory performance measured. Individual odor ligands exhibit receptor-specific affinities and efficacies; that is, they may bind strongly or weakly to a given receptor, and can act as strong agonists, weak agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists. Ligands interacting with common receptors compete with one another for dwell time; these competitive interactions appropriately simulate the degeneracy that fundamentally defines the capacities and limitations of odorant sampling. The outcome of these competing ligand-receptor interactions yields a pattern of receptor activation levels, thereafter mapped to glomerular presynaptic activation levels based on the convergence of sensory neuron axons. The metric of greatest interest is the mean discrimination sensitivity, a measure of how effectively the olfactory system at this level is able to recognize a small change in the physicochemical quality of a stimulus. This model presents several significant outcomes, both expected and surprising. First, adding additional receptors reliably improves the system’s discrimination sensitivity. Second, in contrast, adding additional ligands to an odor scene initially can improve discrimination sensitivity, but eventually will reduce it as the number of ligands increases. Third, the presence of antagonistic ligand-receptor interactions produced clear benefits for sensory system performance, generating higher absolute discrimination sensitivities and increasing the numbers of competing ligands that could be present before discrimination sensitivity began to be impaired. Finally, the model correctly reflects and explains the modest reduction in odor discrimination sensitivity exhibited by transgenic mice in which the specificity of glomerular targeting by primary olfactory neurons is partially disrupted.
Polarization, partisanship, and pandemic: The relationship between county‐level support for Donald Trump and the spread of Covid‐19 during the spring and summer of 2020

Objective Methods Results Conclusion Republicans and Democrats have displayed widely divergent beliefs and behaviors related to COVID‐19, creating the possibility that geographic areas with more Donald Trump supporters may be more likely to suffer from the disease.I use 2016 election data, COVID‐19 case and mortality data, and multilevel linear growth models with state fixed effects to estimate the relationship between county‐level support for Donald Trump and the trajectory of cumulative COVID‐19 cases and deaths per 100,000 county residents between March 17, 2020 and August 31, 2020.Counties more supportive of Trump had fewer COVID‐19 cases and deaths in the early months of the pandemic. However, as the summer moved into July and August, counties less supportive of Trump stopped growth rates of COVID‐19 cases and deaths, while counties more supportive of Trump saw a trajectory of increased cases and deaths in July and August. This is likely due to the widely divergent beliefs and behaviors displayed by Republicans and Democrats toward COVID‐19.This study underscores the power of polarization and partisanship in the public sphere, even when it comes to a public health issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Social Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
[Lead contamination status and assessment of potential risk to human health of commercial foods in Guangzhou City in 2017-2019].

OBJECTIVE To investigate lead contamination in commercial foods in Guangzhou City, and to assess the health risk of dietary lead exposure in the residents. METHODS Food samples were collected in 11 districts in Guangzhou City from 2017 to 2019.The samples were tested for lead by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dietary exposure to lead of residents of different age groups in Guangzhou was calculated in combination with the intake of foods from the food consumption survey of Guangzhou residents in 2011, and the margin of exposure(MOE) method was used to evaluate the health risk of the population. RESULTS A todal of 3130 food samples of 15 categories were collected. The overall lead detection rate was 82.11%, the exceeding rate was 0.13%, and the average lead content was 0.031 mg/kg. The highest lead levels were found in bivalve, edible fungi and flour and flour products. Excessive levels of lead were found in bivalve, eggs and egg products, and flour and flour products. The average daily dietary intake of lead in people aged 3-6, 7-17, 18-59 and over 60 in Guangzhou were 0.368, 0.377, 0.326 and 0.337 μg/kg, respectively. Daily lead exposure of population with high consumption(P95) in various age groups through foods were 1.091, 1.079, 0.906 and 0.925 μg/kg, respectively. Brassica and leafy vegetables, rice and its products and meat were the main sources of dietary lead exposure, accounting for 53.28% of the total dietary lead exposure. The average MOE of lead in all age groups were greater than 1, but the P95 of MOE value of people aged 3-6 and 7-17 were 0.55 and 0.56, respectively, which presented certain health risks. CONCLUSION There was a certain amount of lead exceeding the standard in commercial foods in Guangzhou. The average level of dietary lead exposure for residents of all ages posed a low risk to population health, but the dietary lead exposure risk of high-food consumers aged 3-6 and 7-17 posed certain health risks that deserve significant attention.