cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incremental Effect of the Addition of Prescriber Restrictions on a State Medicaid’s Pharmacy-Only Patient Review and Restriction Program

BACKGROUND: Patient review and restriction programs (PRRPs), used by state Medicaid programs to limit potential abuse and misuse of opioids and related controlled medications, often restrict members to a single pharmacy for controlled medications. While most states use a restricted pharmacy access model, not all states include restricted prescriber access. Oklahoma Medicaid (MOK) added a restricted prescriber access feature to its PRRP in July 2014. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incremental effect that the addition of a prescriber restriction to MOK’s pharmacy-only PRRP had on the pharmacy and resource utilization of the enrolled members. METHODS: MOK members with at least 6 months of enrollment in the pharmacy-only PRRP were restricted to a maximum of 3 prescribers for controlled substances in July 2014 and were identified as “cases.” Using a propensity score method, cases were matched to controls from the MOK non-PRRP enrolled population based on demographics and baseline health care utilization. Data from...
Evolution of the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle and recent transfer of anoxygenic photosynthesis into the Chloroflexi.

Various lines of evidence from both comparative biology and the geologic record make it clear that the biochemical machinery for anoxygenic photosynthesis was present on early Earth and provided the evolutionary stock from which oxygenic photosynthesis evolved ca. 2.3 billion years ago. However, the taxonomic identity of these early anoxygenic phototrophs is uncertain, including whether or not they remain extant. Several phototrophic bacterial clades are thought to have evolved before oxygenic photosynthesis emerged, including the Chloroflexi, a phylum common across a wide range of modern environments. Although Chloroflexi have traditionally been thought to be an ancient phototrophic lineage, genomics has revealed a much greater metabolic diversity than previously appreciated. Here, using a combination of comparative genomics and molecular clock analyses, we show that phototrophic members of the Chloroflexi phylum are not particularly ancient, having evolved well after the rise of oxygen (ca. 867 million years ago), and thus cannot be progenitors of oxygenic photosynthesis. Similarly, results show that the carbon fixation pathway that defines this clade—the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle—evolved late in Earth history as a result of a series of horizontal gene transfer events, explaining the lack of geological evidence for this pathway based on the carbon isotope record. These results demonstrate the role of horizontal gene transfer in the recent metabolic innovations expressed within this phylum, including its importance in the development of a novel carbon fixation pathway.
Grain Boundary Damage Evolution and SCC Initiation of Cold-Worked Alloy 690 in Simulated PWR Primary Water

Long-term grain boundary (GB) damage evolution and stress corrosion crack initiation in alloy 690 are being investigated by constant load tensile testing in high-temperature, simulated PWR primary water. Six commercial alloy 690 heats are being tested in various cold work conditions loaded at their yield stress. This paper reviews the basic test approach and detailed characterizations performed on selected specimens after an exposure time of ~1 year. Intergranular crack nucleation was observed under constant stress in certain highly cold-worked (CW) alloy 690 heats and was found to be associated with the formation of GB cavities. Somewhat surprisingly, the heats most susceptible to cavity formation and crack nucleation were thermally treated materials with most uniform coverage of small GB carbides. Microstructure, % cold work and applied stress comparisons are made among the alloy 690 heats to better understand the factors influencing GB cavity formation and crack initiation.
Model to Determine Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients With New-Onset Diabetes.

Background & Aims Of patients with new-onset diabetes (NOD; based on glycemic status) older than 50 years, approximately 1% are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (PC) within 3 years. We aimed to develop and validate a model to determine risk of PC in patients with NOD. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 4 independent and nonoverlapping cohorts of patients (N = 1,561) with NOD (based on glycemic status; data collected at date of diagnosis and 12 months previously) in the Rochester Epidemiology Project from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2015 to create our model. The model weighed scores for 3 factors identified in the discovery cohort to be most strongly associated with PC (64 patients with PC and 192 with type 2 diabetes): change in weight, change in blood glucose, and age at onset of diabetes. We called our model Enriching New-Onset Diabetes for Pancreatic Cancer (ENDPAC). We validated the locked-down model and cutoff score in an independent population-based cohort of 1,096 patients with diabetes; of these, 9 patients (82%) had PC within 3 years of meeting the criteria for NOD. Results In the discovery cohort, the END-PAC model identified patients who developed PC within 3 years of diabetes onset (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.87); a score of at least 3 identified patients who developed PC with 80% sensitivity and specificity. In the validation cohort, a score of at least 3 identified 7 of 9 patients with PC (78%) with 85% specificity; the prevalence of PC in patients with a score of at least 3 (3.6%) was 4.4-fold greater than in patients with NOD. A high END-PAC score in patients who did not have PC (false positives) was often due to such factors as recent steroid use or different malignancy. An ENDPAC score no higher than 0 (in 49% of patients) meant that patients had an extremely low risk for PC. An END-PAC score of at least 3 identified 75% of patients in the discovery cohort more than 6 months before a diagnosis of PC. Conclusions Based on change in weight, change in blood glucose, and age at onset of diabetes, we developed and validated a model to determine risk of PC in patients with NOD based on glycemic status (END-PAC model). An independent prospective study is needed to further validate this model, which could contribute to early detection of PC.
Pectoralis major tendon avulsion from rappelling.

ABSTRACT To our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of a pectoralis major tendon avulsion from rappelling. The mechanism of injury in this case differs biomechanically from the commonly associated activity of bench pressing. The patient's initial presentation, course of corrective treatment, and postoperative rehabilitation is discussed in detail. A review of the historical and current literature on pectoralis major tendon injuries is included. The results of current biomechanical studies are discussed in relation to the complex anatomy of the pectoralis major muscle. This report is relevant to individuals involved in rappelling, high-demand athletes, and the surgeons who treat them. Nonoperative management of pectoralis major tendon tears is contrasted with operative repair. The current literature supports operative treatment in high-demand athletes, laborers, and military personnel to allow them to regain full strength and endurance.
Homologous Recombination in the Replicative Cycle of Adenoviruses and Its Relationship to DNA Replication

The observation that adenovirus genomes can undergo genetic recombination is almost a quarter of a century old (Williams and Ustacelebi 1971; Takemori 1972; Ensinger and Ginsberg 1972), yet despite its early discovery and its rapid exploitation as a tool for mapping mutations and for creating new genotypes (reviewed in Ginsberg and Young 1977; Young et al. 1984b), the mechanisms underlying it are not well understood at the molecular and biochemical levels. Such an understanding, however, can be expected to shed light not only on the specific features peculiar to adenovirus recombination itself, but also on the more general characteristics of the repair and recombinational capacities of the cell. These cellular aspects are of considerable current theoretical and practical interest, because of recent advances both in uncovering the molecular basis of genetic defects in DNA repair in mammalian cells and in the techniques of gene targeting by homologous recombination in order to investigate mammalian development and differentiation. As with many other fundamental biological phenomena, the study of adenovirus recombination can be expected to yield valuable insights into the normal capacities of the cell.
Medical Comorbidities: Anticoagulation and Obesity

Retrograde ureterorenoscopy (URS) is a standard treatment approach for renal and ureteral stones, as well as for other upper tract pathology like ureteral stricture disease and transitional cell carcinoma. Obese patients present unique challenges for treatment of stone disease in particular, as shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has a higher risk of failure in these patients, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) may present technical challenges based on large body habitus. URS, then, may be the preferred approach in patients with significant obesity, though there may be anesthesia and surgical challenges to this procedure as well. URS may also be the treatment of choice in patients with bleeding disorders, or those who are anticoagulated, based on bleeding risks associated with alternative modalities (e.g., SWL and PNL). Refinements in ureteroscope and laser technology have enabled safe therapeutic interventions in this population despite their propensity for bleeding. Care to minimize trauma to the upper tract during these interventions is necessary to ensure treatment safety and efficacy.
Role of the colonic lymphoglandular complex in mucosal immunity in swine

Immunohistochemistry and lymphocyte subset-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to assess the distribution of T and B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins (Ig) A, 6, and M in the mucosa of small and large intestine (colon) of 6 to 9-week-old pigs. B cells bearing IgA and IgM were restricted to, and plentiful within, pericryptal lamina propria; IgG"*" cells were uncommon. B cells were rare in the epithelial layer. Immunoglobulin A and IgM were uniformly present in the apical cytoplasm of crypt epithelial cells (co-transported), but IgG was not found within epithelial cells. T cells were quantified as separate populations of intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and results were analyzed by ANOVA. Nearly all lELs were Tcytotoxic/suppressor (CDS*) cells and lELs were 2-3 times as numerous in small intestine as in colon. CD4* LPLs were twice as numerous as CD8* LPLs in both small intestine and colon. Taken together, CD4* and CDS* LPLs were 22% more numerous in the small intestine than in the colon. Both subsets were dispersed randomly through the lamina propria. Intestinal lymphocytes of pigs were distributed similarly to those of humans. Baseline data are presented from which to evaluate diseaseand age-associated and experimentally induced changes in lymphocyte populations in intestine of pigs.
The Age of Charisma: Leaders, Followers, and Emotions in American Society, 1870–1940

In The Age of Charisma: Leaders, Followers, and Emotions in American Society, 1870–1940, Jeremy C. Young tells the story of how a certain style of leadership came to dominate American political and...
Lateral nasal wall extension of the nasoseptal flap for skull-base and medial orbital wall defects.

BACKGROUND Sinonasal and skull-base tumors that previously required open resection can often be completely resected via an endonasal approach. The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is the workhorse vascularized tissue flap for the endoscopic reconstruction of large skull-base defects from tumor resections. The objective of the current article is to describe a novel modification of the NSF for simultaneous reconstruction of skull-base and medial orbital wall defects. METHODS An extension of the standard NSF to include mucosa of the lateral nasal wall was developed for closure of simultaneous skull-base and medial orbital wall defects. Outcomes including successful cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak closure, orbital edema, and postoperative cosmesis are reported. Eyelid edema was characterized according to the Surgeon Periorbital Rating of Edema and Ecchymosis (SPREE) scale. RESULTS Three patients underwent reconstruction using the modified NSF (average age 75 years). The average defect size of the skull base was 3.6 ± 0.1 cm by 2.3 ± 0.2 cm. The average defect size of the medial orbit was 2.7 ± 0.1 cm by 2.6 ± 0.1 cm. All defects were successfully covered intraoperatively using the lateral nasal wall extension of the NSF. Two patients developed mild eyelid edema, whereas 1 individual had no noticeable swelling (SPREE classification 2, 2, and 1). All patients were successfully sealed at last clinical follow up (average 28 weeks). CONCLUSION The modification of the NSF described here provides excellent coverage for reconstruction of large anterior skull-base defects and simultaneous medial orbital wall defects.
A proto-Normal Star Almanac dating to the reign of Artaxerxes III: BM 65156

Babylonian methods for predicting planetary phenomena using the so-called goal-year periods are well known. Texts known as Goal-Year Texts contain collections of the observational data needed to make predictions for a given year. The predictions were then recorded in Normal Star Almanacs and Almanacs. Large numbers of Goal-Year Texts, Normal Star Almanacs and Almanacs are attested from the early third century BC onward. A small number of texts dating from before the third century present procedures for using the goal-year periods to predict planetary phenomena. In addition, two texts, one dating to the late sixth century BC and the other to the late fifth century BC, contain planetary data which was probably predicted using these methods. In this article, I discuss a further example of a tablet dating from before the third century BC which contains planetary data predicted using the goal-year periods. I show that the planetary phenomena contained in this tablet can be dated to the twelfth year of the reign of Artaxerxes III (347/6 BC) and that they were predicted using goal-year periods without the application of the kind of corrections which were used in the third century BC texts in order to produce more accurate predictions.
6 – Rheological Behavior and Processing of Unvulcanized Rubber

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates rheological behavior and processing of un-vulcanized rubber. The fabrication of rubber parts generally involves the mixing and processing of bulk un-vulcanized compounds and sometimes solutions and emulsions through complex equipment. Post-World War II studies of the rheological properties of un-vulcanized elastomers have been dominated by the idea that these materials are viscoelastic. The first 40 years of the 20th century saw an enormous increase in the production of rubber products especially in the tire industry. Today three available quality control instruments offer stress relaxation or recoil capability. These are the BF Goodrich DSR, the Defo System Bayer, and the new Monsanto Mooney viscometer. The origins of flow simulation of processing should probably be traced to the establishment of the Navier-Stokes equations and its early solutions.
Development of a Health Policy Elective for Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study

INTRODUCTION: In Central Brooklyn, Downstate Health Sciences University (DHSU) serves a diverse population that has experienced worsening rates of chronic disease and elevated rates of morbidity and mortality related to the COVID-19 pandemic The medical community has shown an interest in addressing clinical and nonclinical disparities impacting patients' health and safety As such, health policy knowledge is of special importance during a time of social and political unrest Health policy and advocacy are listed in medical education guidelines, but there is a lack of standardized guidelines for implementation of a robust health policy curriculum within the rigors of clinical education METHODS: Faculty from the Department of Family Medicine and the Department of Health Policy and Administration devised a health policy curriculum to be delivered virtually in the wake of COVID-19-related quarantine To assess the effectiveness of the curriculum, we administered pre- and postsurveys composed of learning objectives placed on a 5-point Likert scale, at each learning session RESULTS: The results of these surveys showed an increase in confidence in the learning objectives of each educational session CONCLUSION: This pilot study warrants further research to fully assess the effect of a health policy curriculum on students' confidence in health policy knowledge and skills "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world "-Nelson Mandela
Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury in civilians: analysis of a national database.

Background Spinal trauma is common in polytrauma; spinal cord injury (SCI) is present in a subset of these patients. Penetrating SCI has been studied in the military; however, civilian SCI is less studied. Civilian injury pathophysiology varies given the generally lower velocity of the projectiles. We sought to investigate civilian penetrating SCI in the United States. Methods We queried the National Inpatient Sample for data regarding penetrating spinal cord injury from the past 10 years (2006–2015). The National Inpatient Sample includes data of 20% of discharged patients from U.S. hospitals. We analyzed trends of penetrating SCI regarding its diagnosis, demographics, surgical management, length of stay, and hospital costs. Results In the past 10 years the incidence of penetrating SCI in all SCI patients has remained stable with a mean of 5.5% (range 4.3%−6.6%). Of the patients with penetrating SCI, only 17% of them underwent a surgical procedure, compared with 55% for nonpenetrating SCI. Patients with penetrating SCI had a longer length of stay (average 23 days) compared with nonpenetrating SCI (15 days). Hospital charges were higher for penetrating SCI: $230,186 compared with $192,022 for closed SCI. Males patients were more affected by penetrating SCI, as well as black and Hispanic populations compared with whites. Conclusions Penetrating SCI represents 5.5% of all SCI patients. Men, blacks, and Hispanics are disproportionally more affected by penetrating SCI. Patients with penetrating SCI have fewer surgical interventions, but their overall length of stay and hospital costs are greater compared with nonpenetrating SCI.
Performance of a Cooling Tower with the Use of a New Kind of High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Packing

This research work deals with the performance of high-density polyethylene sheets arranged in splash used as a fill for a cooling tower. “A forced-draught counter flow cooling tower” of 400 mm × 400 mm cross-sectional area and 1.7m in height was built. The fill has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Air rates of 0.6, 1.2,and 1.8 kg/s.m2 were utilized with water flow rates within the range of 1 to 1.6 kg/s.m2.The overall volumetric heat transfer coefficient, volumetric mass transfer coefficient (Mt), and the tower characteristics (Mt/L) are shown to be functions of the air as well as water flow rates, concurrently. Four available input parameters used were inlet water temperature, air flow rate, water flow rate, and height of the fill. A computer program was prepared to perform numerical analysis for reducing data sets obtained from the plant. In addition, analysis was carried out for evaluating the volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficients along with the performance coefficient.
Reminiscences of a beloved teacher

Like all of S.D. Goitein’s intimate circle of graduate students in Oriental Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, my late wife Yedida1 and I were excited when we learned that Samuel Miklos Ste...
A Feature Based Ultrasonic System for Reflector Classification

Aspects of a feature based ultrasonic inspection philosophy are outlined in this paper. Reflector classification analysis is discussed along with the methodologies associated with physical model development, feature definitions and selection, pattern recognition, and the steps necessary from problem definition to field implementation.
Local and Regional Discriminators of Mesoscale Convective Vortex Development in Arizona

Abstract In approximately half of Arizona's summer season (June–September) mesoscale convective systems evolve into mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs). Analysis of satellite imagery identified MCVs in Arizona over the period 1991–2000, and local and regional rawinsonde data discriminated conditions conducive for MCV development. These results indicate that MCVs are more likely to form from convective systems when the local and regional environments are characterized by relative stability in the 850–700-hPa layer and moderate wind shear in the 500–200-hPa layer. These characteristics are similar to results reported for MCV development in the central United States.
Applicability of advanced automotive heat engines to solar thermal power

The requirements of a solar thermal power system are reviewed and compared with the predicted characteristics of automobile engines under development. A good match is found in terms of power level and efficiency when the automobile engines, designed for maximum powers of 65-100 kW (87 to 133 hp) are operated to the nominal 20-40 kW electric output requirement of the solar thermal application. At these reduced power levels it appears that the automotive gas turbine and Stirling engines have the potential to deliver the 40+ percent efficiency goal of the solar thermal program.
Is bigger better

This paper explores from a US perspective two size‐related issues that may motivate aspiring franchisees to consider multi‐unit franchising as a superior alternative to the traditional single‐unit approach. First, one of the reasons for multi‐unit franchising might be the enhanced influence opportunity upon the franchisor’s decision making that arises from owning multiple outlets. Second, a potential franchisee may be interested in engaging in multi‐unit franchising in the anticipation of scale efficiencies, i.e. efficiencies that arise because of the size of the operation. The managerial relevance of the discovered issues and their potential for future research is outlined.
Chronic low level complement activation within the eye is controlled by intraocular complement regulatory proteins.

Purpose To explore the role of the complement system and complement regulatory proteins in an immune-privileged organ, the eye.
Anesthetic Implications in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS), also known as broad thumb-hallux syndrome or Rubinstein syndrome, is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Given the associated anatomical features of the disorder, anesthetic care may be required during surgical procedures to correct the end-organ effects of the disorder. We present a 5-year-old boy with RTS that required anesthetic care for an adenotonsillectomy. Previous reports of anesthetic care for patients with RTS are reviewed and the perioperative considerations of these patients are discussed. J Med Cases. 2015;6(11):534-536 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2344w
The Behavior of Oxygen in Oxides During Sintering

The need for studying details of the transport mechanisms during sintering is outlined. A technique for doing this is proposed which makes use of the nuclear activation of the rare isotope of oxygen O17 so that it can be used as if it were in effect a radioactive tracer. A test of the feasibility of the use of this as a marker in the region of neck growth between grains of ceramic material is then reported.
Eavesdropping on Change: Listening to Teachers During the First Year of an Extended Block Schedule

More and more high schools are moving to a block scheduling arrange ment, which results in longer and fewer classes each day. Changes in teaching strategies are essential to the success of such programs, for without significant revisions in classroom time use, block scheduling results in lengthy lectures or multiple lessons forged together, some times without logic.
A fuzzy systems approach in data envelopment analysis

Abstract The use of fuzzy set-theoretic measures is explored here in the context of data envelopment analysis, which utilizes a nonparametric approach to measure efficiency. Three types of fuzzy statics are employed here e.g., fuzzy mathematical programme, fuzzy regression and fuzzy entropy, to illustrate the types of decisions and solutions that are achievable, when the data are vague and prior information is inexact and imprecise.
Characterization of Bacillus anthracis arginase: effects of pH, temperature, and cell viability on metal preference

Background Arginase (RocF) hydrolyzes L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. While previously characterized arginases have an alkaline pH optimum and require activation with manganese, arginase from Helicobacter pylori is optimally active with cobalt at pH 6. The arginase from Bacillus anthracis is not well characterized; therefore, this arginase was investigated by a variety of strategies and the enzyme was purified.
EFFECT OF DEOXYCYTIDINE ON THE RATE OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORYLATED DERIVATIVES OF THYMIDINE.

Abstract Deoxycytidine markedly increased the utilization of radioactive formate for the formation of deoxythymidine mono-, di- and triphosphates, as well as for the synthesis of DNA-thymine; this effect could be observed in the nucleotide fractions within 0.5 min of incubation of murine leukemia cells (L5178Y). The stimulatory effect of deoxycytidine may be a result of either (1) the formation of an increased pool of 2′-deoxyuridylic acid, which would permit the more efficient utilization of formate, (2) the formation of 5-methyl deoxycytidylic acid, as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of thymidine monophosphate, or (3) the release of a regulatory control mechanism exerted by deoxythymidine triphosphate. Although the net synthesis of radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate derived from [ 14 C]formate ceased within 60 min of incubation, in either the presence or the absence of deoxycytidine, the formation of DNA continued for at least four hours. The partial prevention by deoxycytidine of the inhibitory effect of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine, an analog of thymidine, could be accounted for by the increase in the formation of the various phosphorylated derivatives of thymidine.
Characterization of leaky wave antenna and active gain enhancement

The leaky wave antenna has been characterized using the 3-D FDTD method, and its employment of the active gain enhancement scheme has been experimentally investigated. The structure analyzed in the FDTD analysis is a rectangular dielectric rod periodically loaded with metal strips, and launching effects are included into the analysis. In the active gain enhancement experiment, the antenna is made of a periodically loaded microstrip line with active gain elements placed to compensate for radiation as well as waveguide loss. This novel antenna possesses a larger effective aperture, higher gain, and narrower beam width as compared to a passive antenna with similar dimensions. Results of the FDTD analysis and active gain enhancement investigation are confirmed by experiments.
Stationary points of the Yang‐Mills action

We examine the structure of a recently discovered set of non-self-dual solutions of the Yang-Mills equations. These solutions have a symmetry that reduces the YM equations to a set of ODE's. The distinct solutions are indexed by two postive odd integers. We develop a scheme to approximate on a computer the solutions for small values of the indexing integers and present some numerical results. We then analyze the asymptotic behavior of the solutions as the indexing integers become large.
High level of expression of the myelin protein P0 in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

The major PNS myelin protein, P0, has been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells by transfection with a plasmid containing the P0-cDNA. The expression of P0 at both the RNA and the protein level was greatly increased, without detriment to the cell, by the dihydrofolate reductase/methotrexate strategy of gene amplification. The P0 expressed by these cells was glycosylated (containing approximately equal amounts of the complex and high-mannose type glycoproteins) and reached the plasma membrane. This system is suitable not only for addressing the function of P0 directly, but is also applicable to any protein of which an abundance is needed.
Theory of helium submonolayers. II. Bandwidths and correlation effects

Continuing our earlier efforts to develop a microscopic theory for physically adsorbed helium submonolayers, we address ourselves to a number of questions raised at the 1970 Symposium on Thin Helium Films and present here results of model calculations. In particular, we compare heats of adsorption and bandwidths calculated for helium adsorbed on different surfaces of fcc argon, and compute the correlation energy (or lateral heat of vaporization) per adsorbed atom.
Production of Glycosidases by Psychrotrophic Bacteria

Six of 19 psychrotrophic bacteria common in milk and meat hydrolyzed large amounts of p-nitrophenyl-glycosides during 48 hr in minimal growth broth at 20°C. Four of the 19 were inactive against the four glycosides used in the screening tests, and nine were weakly active. In tests of the six active cultures against 11 p-nitrophenyl-glycosides, strains of Enterobacter had more glycosidase activity than strains of Pseudomonas, β-anomers were hydrolyzed more rapidly than α-anomers, more p-nitrophenol was released from the β-D-galactoside than from other substrates, there was activity against the D form but not the L form of fucoside, and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucoside was hydrolyzed at about the same rate by each culture.
Who Finds Bill Gates Sexy? Creative Mate Preferences as a Function of Cognitive Ability, Personality, and Creative Achievement

Creativity is sexy, but are all creative behaviors equally sexy? We attempted to clarify the role of creativity in mate selection among an ethnically diverse sample of 815 undergraduates. First we assessed the sexual attractiveness of different forms of creativity: ornamental/aesthetic, applied/technological, and everyday/domestic creativity. Both males and females preferred ornamental/aesthetic forms of creativity in a prospective sexual partner than applied/technological and everyday/domestic forms of creativity. Secondly, we assessed the simultaneous prediction of general cognitive ability, personality, divergent thinking, self-perceptions of creativity, and creative achievement on preferences for different forms of creativity in a prospective sexual partner. The results were generally consistent with assortative mating. The most robust predictors of a preference for applied/technological forms of creativity in a potential sexual partner were intellectual interests and creative achievement in applied/technological domains. In contrast, the most robust predictor of a preference for ornamental/aesthetic forms of creativity was openness to experience. The results suggest that openness to experience and its associated aesthetic, perceptual, and affective aspects are the primary characteristics influencing the sexual attractiveness of a creative display. Further, the results demonstrate the importance of also taking into account individual differences in personality, interests, and creative achievement when considering the sexual attractiveness of different manifestations of creativity.
Possible high-frequency cavity and waveguide applications of high temperature superconductors

Conventional superconducting materials used at liquid helium temperatures have been employed to greatly reduce ohmic power loss in microwave cavities. If suitable high temperature superconductor surfaces can be developed, it could be possible to alleviate constraints due to relatively low energy gaps and limits due to critical fields, and operate at more convenient temperatures with larger thermal margins. These features could be used to improve performance of present superconducting microwave cavity devices. They may also facilitate new applications and device designs at millimeter-wave and far infrared frequencies. Possible cavity and waveguide applications are described. Sensitivity of RF surface resistance to boundaries and nonaligned grains in the material and to small amounts of nonsuperconducting material may be an obstacle to development. Moreover, critical RF fields can be limiting for high power applications. An additional problem is the adverse effect of D.C. magnetic fields.
Non-uniformity of contact stress on polyethylene inserts in total knee arthroplasty

This study examined tibiofemoral contact stresses in 15 commercially available TKR designs, using digitally imaged pressure-sensitive film. The objectives were (1) to determine the correlation between minimization of spatial mean contact stress and minimization of the amount of overloaded (>10 MPa) polyethylene contact area, and (2) to ascertain the difference in contact stresses for machined versus moulded polyethylene inserts. The data showed that there was no statistically significant (design rank-order) correlation of spatial mean contact stress with overloaded polyethylene area. The data also showed that machining cutter preparation of the polyethylene insert caused substantial local contact stress non-uniformities that corresponded to the pattern of grossly visible machining marks.
Laser stark spectroscopy of SO2 with the HCN laser

The far infrared laser Stark spectrum of SO2 was investigated using the 337-micron line of the HCN laser. Two distinct families, one originating at low field and the other at high field, were observed. The high field transition is identified. A significant fourth-order Stark shift was observed for this transition in the presence of a large second-order Stark shift. The zero-field frequency of the assigned transition was obtained by accounting for the fourth-order contribution.
Erythrosine B (Red dye no. 3) mediated oxidation-reduction in brain membranes

Abstract The results of experiments presented show that Erythrosine B (red dye No. 3) propagates oxidation-reduction events occurring outside brain membranes into the interior of the membrane bilayer. The experiments demonstrate that the nitroxide group of membrane spin-labels are reduced via an erythrosine B transient species formed by the action of peroxidase and H2O2. The erythrosine B transient species is permeable into the membrane bilayer and evidence indicates that it most likely is a free radical of the dye. These results may have important implications in understanding the biological action of erythrosine B.
Prevalence and Correlates of Depression Among New U.S. Immigrants

Although immigrants comprise one of the fastest growing segments of society, information on their adjustment to life in the US remains limited. The present study examined the prevalence of depression and associated correlates among a national sample of immigrants newly admitted to legal permanent residence to the US. Data were derived from the baseline adult cohort of the New Immigrant Survey, a national representative sample of immigrants who had obtained legal permanent residence between May and November 2003. Approximately 3 % of respondents met criteria for probable depression in the past 12 months. Respondents who were female, younger in age, in the US for a longer period of time, and exposed to political violence in their country of origin were more likely to meet criteria for probable depression. Both pre-immigration and resettlement related factors were associated with probable depression. Further research is needed to better understand how processes in the country of origin and in the resettlement country influence the adjustment of immigrants.
Application of a Model to Guide Ethical Decision Making in Burn Treatment

Ethical considerations in the decision to resuscitate and continue treatment of a massive burn injury are complex. As survival improves, the parameters we use in deciding to resuscitate are less clear. The point at which further treatment is futile is often difficult to recognize, and the decision-making process of whether to withhold or withdraw care can cause great anxiety for the family, as well as for the burn team. The identification of the operative ethical principles in this decision-making process helps clarify issues and values. Although there is no simple algorithm for decision making with ethical dilemmas, the systematic application of the decision-making model presented here that consists of 4 prioritized questions that address medical indications, patient preferences, quality-of-life issues, and contextual factors can focus the problem and define options. In addition, early use of a hospital bioethics committee is advocated to resolve conflict and to provide an acceptable forum for discussion.
Groups, Networks, or Movements: A Command-and-Control-Driven Approach to Classifying Terrorist Organizations and Its Application to Al Qaeda

Appropriately describing the properties and defining the boundaries of terrorist groups is frequently challenging. Public and policy discussion of Al Qaeda as a group, network, or broad social movement is described as an example of this problem, with an emphasis on the consequences of placing a terrorist organization in each of these different categories. To resolve the confusion that such uncertainties can introduce into discussion, an approach is described focusing on the strength of command-and-control linkages within an organization for laying out the differences between groups, networks, and movements and defining the boundaries between them.
Melting empires? Climate change and politics in Antarctica since the International Geophysical Year.

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between climate change and politics in Antarctica since the International Geophysical Year of 1957–8, paying particular attention to the work of the British Antarctic Survey. Research conducted in Antarctica has played an important role in the understanding of climate change on a global scale. In turn, fears about the consequences of global climate change have radically changed perceptions of Antarctica and profoundly shaped scientific research agendas: a continent that until fifty years ago was perceived largely as an inhospitable wilderness has come to be seen as a dangerously vulnerable environment. This radical shift in perception contrasts with a fundamental continuity in the political power structures of the continent. This article argues that the severity of the threat of climate change has reinforced the privileged political position of the “insider” nations within the Antarctic Treaty System.
In situ concentration of volatile chromium β-diketonate for the determination by GFAAS

Chromium, solvent extracted as the diketone chelate, was sequestered from solution into a heated graphite furnace prior to determination by AAS. Two natural water reference materials, CASS-2 and SLRS-2, were analysed using this methodology.
Conformational changes at the nucleotide site in the presence of bound ADP do not set the velocity of fast Drosophila myosins

The conformational changes in myosin associated with ADP release and their influence on actin sliding velocity are not understood. Following actin binding, the myosin active site is in equilibrium between a closed and open ADP bound state, with the open state previously thought to favor ADP release and thus expected to be favored in faster myosins. However, our recent work with a variety of myosins suggests the opposite, that the open conformation is dominant in slower myosins, which have higher ADP affinities. To test if this correlation holds for fast myosin isoforms, we determined the relationships between conformational pocket dynamics, ADP affinity and velocity of four Drosophila myosins: indirect flight muscle (IFM) myosin (IFI), embryonic muscle myosin (EMB) and two IFI/EMB chimeras. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of nucleotide-analog spin probes (SLADP) bound to IFI subfragment-1 in the absence of actin showed a high degree of immobilization, indicating a predominately closed nucleotide pocket. The A·M·SLADP spectra of all four myosins in fibers (actin bound) also indicated an equilibrium favoring the closed conformation with the closed state closing even further. However, the energetics of pocket closure did not correlate with Drosophila myosin actin velocity suggesting our previous model relating pocket dynamics to velocity does not hold for fast myosin isoforms. We conclude that for these fast myosins, and possibly other fast myosins, velocity is controlled by factors other than the ratio of open to closed nucleotide pocket conformation.
Charts for economic evaluation of WECS

Abstract This paper provides charts that can be used conveniently for quick assessment of economic feasibility of WECS under different sets of variables. These are: total capital cost (TCC), capacity factor (CF), wind turbine life time (N), operation and maintenance costs (OMC) and discount rate (DR). All calculations were stimulated using an in-house written computer programme. Results show that TPC is most sensitive for variations in TCC, CF and N; and to a lesser degree to OMC and DR.
Exact fan-beam image reconstruction algorithm for truncated projection data acquired from an asymmetric half-size detector

In this paper, we present a new algorithm designed for a specific data truncation problem in fan-beam CT. We consider a scanning configuration in which the fan-beam projection data are acquired from an asymmetrically positioned half-sized detector. Namely, the asymmetric detector only covers one half of the scanning field of view. Thus, the acquired fan-beam projection data are truncated at every view angle. If an explicit data rebinning process is not invoked, this data acquisition configuration will reek havoc on many known fan-beam image reconstruction schemes including the standard filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm and the super-short-scan FBP reconstruction algorithms. However, we demonstrate that a recently developed fan-beam image reconstruction algorithm which reconstructs an image via filtering a backprojection image of differentiated projection data (FBPD) survives the above fan-beam data truncation problem. Namely, we may exactly reconstruct the whole image object using the truncated data acquired in a full scan mode (2π angular range). We may also exactly reconstruct a small region of interest (ROI) using the truncated projection data acquired in a short-scan mode (less than 2π angular range). The most important characteristic of the proposed reconstruction scheme is that an explicit data rebinning process is not introduced. Numerical simulations were conducted to validate the new reconstruction algorithm.
Brief therapy: Ronny G

Because of evolving professional roles, limited resources, and administrative concerns, school psychologists have been exploring alternative methods of intervention. Brief therapy is an active, focused, incisive intervention especially useful with children typically seen by the school psychologist because of emotional adjustment problems. This paper illustrates the process of brief therapy with a parent and presents some implications for the school psychologist.
Seventh spectrum of tungsten (W vii); resonance lines of Hf v

Observations of W vii were carried out in the spectral range 100 to 2000 \AA{} utilizing normal- and grazing-incidence spectrographs. The light source was a sliding spark operated at peak currents of 1000 to 3000 A. Eighty-five energy levels of $4{f}^{13}\mathrm{nl}$ and $5{p}^{5}\mathrm{nl}$ configurations were deduced for $nl=5d, 6s, 6p, 6d, \mathrm{and} 7s$. These are based on the classification of 310 lines in the range 130 to 1436 \AA{}. Calculations of all observed configurations were carried out with configuration interaction (CI) for the purpose of fitting radial integrals and confirming the analysis. The strong CI between ${p}^{5}\mathrm{nl}$ and ${f}^{13}\mathrm{nl}$ configurations where $nl=5d, 6p, 6d$ provided well-defined CI integrals in good agreement with Hartree-Fock values. A value of 984 100 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ was derived for the ionization energy from the $4{f}^{13}\mathrm{ns}$ series. The resonance lines of Hf v for $5{p}^{6}\ensuremath{-}5{p}^{5}5d$, $6s$ are given. A revised value for the the ionization energy of W vi is given.
Memory deficits in Wilson's disease: A response to lang

Lang (1989) suggested that patients with Wilson's disease do not have memory deficits, unless they suffer from severe neurologic impairment. Results from three recent studies conflict with this view. The interaction of neurologic and cognitive deficits in Wilson's disease is discussed.
KIDNEYS WITH REFLUX NEPHROPATHY MAINTAIN RELATIVE RENAL FUNCTION AFTER URETERAL REIMPLANTATION

ABSTRACTPurpose:: In children with severe unilateral reflux nephropathy and diminished relative renal function (RRF) a dilemma exists between the choice of treatment with ureteral reimplantation or nephrectomy. Limited followup data are available regarding relative renal function or postoperative complications after ureteral reimplantation in kidneys with significant unilateral reflux nephropathy.Materials and Methods:: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 460 patients who underwent ureteral reimplantation between 1980 and 2002, and identified children with primary vesicoureteral reflux and severe unilateral reflux nephropathy (RRF 30% or less on renal scintigraphy). The postoperative outcomes were assessed for relative renal function and complications including hypertension, pyelonephritis or persistent reflux.Results:: A total of 18 girls and 14 boys with a mean preoperative relative renal function of 20.1 ± 7.8% (range 2% to 30%) met the inclusion criteria. Reflux grade in the poorly functioning ...
Early Detection of Chemotherapy-Related Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Modern advances in cancer treatment have resulted in improved survival. As a result, effects of cancer therapy on other organ systems such as the heart are more likely to become clinically relevant. One such possibility is chemotherapy-related left ventricular dysfunction. Although in clinical practice cardiotoxicity is evaluated by symptoms and left ventricular ejection fraction, these occur relatively late in the disease process after the heart’s compensatory mechanisms have been expended. Ideally, left ventricular dysfunction would be identified early so that cancer patients and their physicians can make informed decisions about their therapeutic options and institute careful surveillance and early initiation of cardioprotective medication where appropriate. This review discusses the role of echocardiography to detect subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in cancer patients exposed to chemotherapy with potential cardiotoxicity, particularly anthracyclines and trastuzumab.
Identification of Some Trace Lipids in Honey

SUMMARY The trace lipids of cotton honey were extracted with Skellysolve B and diethyl ether. The crude lipid extract was subjected to trans-esterification, purified on a silicic acid column, and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. For further confirmation the crude lipid extract was saponified and the fatty acids identified by reverse-phase chromatography. The infrared spectrum of the crude lipid extract and methyl esters showed absorption bands typical of alkane and ester groups. Palmitic and oleic acids were respectively found in relative concentrations of 26.7 and 60.370, along with small amounts of lauric, stearic, and linoleic acids.
Projective measures in the clinical evaluation of sexually abused children.

This paper addresses the use of human figure drawings as a strategy for assessing clinically relevant experiences of sexually abused children. Clinical issues relevant to the use of human figure drawings are discussed.