cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobile media activity breadth and political engagement: an online resource perspective

This study investigates online resource theory by focusing on mobile communication's role in political engagement. The effects of mobile media use on online political engagement are explored through a random-sample survey of how citizens used mobile devices during the 2012 US presidential election. Controls for demographics, political interest, and ideological strength provide context for understanding individual-level differences. Younger, better educated respondents who were more likely to be politically interested and self-described as possessing stronger political ideologies were more likely to engage with the election campaign through their mobile phones. Users' mobile media activity breadth produced the strongest positive association with online political engagement. Also, the interactive association of political interest and mobile media activity breadth reinforced political interest's influence on engagement. Findings support and extend literature on the positive but complicated role of mobile and digital technology in the deployment of online resources for political engagement.
Antimetabolite TTL-315 selectively kills glucose-deprived cancer cells and enhances responses to cytotoxic chemotherapy in preclinical models of cancer

Maintaining thiol homeostasis is an imperative for cancer cell survival in the nutrient-deprived microenvironment of solid tumors. Despite this metabolic vulnerability, a selective approach has yet to be developed to disrupt thiol homeostasis in solid tumors for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we report the identification of 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine disulfide (TTL-315) as a novel antimetabolite that blocks cell survival in a manner conditional on glucose deprivation. In the presence of glucose, TTL-315 lacks cytotoxic effects in normal cells where it is detoxified by reduction to 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine, a compound with known clinical pharmacologic and safety profiles. In several rodent models of aggressive breast, lung and skin cancers, TTL-315 blocked tumor growth and cooperated with the DNA damaging drug cisplatin to trigger tumor regression. Our results offer preclinical proof of concept for TTL-315 as a novel antimetabolite to help selectively eradicate solid tumors by exploiting the glucose-deprived conditions of the tumor microenvironment.
An Analysis of the Potential Savings from Using Formation Flight in the NAS

Inspired by the energy savings that migrating birds achieve when flying in formations, of interest is achieving a similar level of savings with aircraft flying in the National Airspace System (NAS). In particular, with typically more than 50,000 flights in the NAS on any given day, there is much clustering of aircraft so there is much potential for creating formations. Most previous research in this area has focused on analyzing aircraft in a single formation ‐ developing computational models, performing wind tunnel tests, or developing controllers for maintaining a formation ‐ but little research has been done on investigating a NAS-wide implementation of formation flight for commercial aircraft. This work leverages the corridor-in-the-sky concept from on-going aviation research to develop a model for simulating formation flight with these corridors. The results show that for the top ten corridors there are approximately 1,200 flights which can benefit from formation flight. Compared with actual flight plans the resulting annual savings is approximately $600 million and compared against flying optimal, great circle trajectories, the resulting annual savings is approximately $320 million. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation shows that these savings are robust to uncertainty and fluctuated flight schedules.
Coccidiosis: Effects of High Environmental Temperatures on Anticoccidial Protection

Abstract In a series of nine experiments birds subjected to heat-stress showed decreases of 9 to 61 percent in feed intake. In only one of these experiments, involving E. acervulina and monensin, was there sufficient reduction of anticoccidial intake to partially nullify effects of drug protection. In this case, a 40 percent decrease in monensin intake resulted in significantly higher lesion scores (1.9 vs. 1.0) (P ≤ 0.05) in birds maintained at 32° C. for days 1 to 7 postinfection (P.I.) compared to controls maintained at 20° C. No other failures due to heat stress occurred with this anticoccidial in three other trials with E. acervulina or five trials involving E. tenella infection. In one experiment E. tenella coccidiosis (lesion scores 0.7 vs. 1.1) was more severe in the cool environment than in birds under heat-stress from 2 to 7 days P.I. Similarly, less severe lesions of E. tenella (0.4 vs. 0.8) occurred during heat-stress (32° C.) than in controls maintained at 11° C. in zoalene-fed and unmedicated control birds. No differences in lesion scores occurred in birds in hot versus cool room environments in two experiments involving sulfaquinoxaline or one with robenidene and E. tenella infection. E. tenella lesions in unmedicated controls were significantly more severe in the cool than the hot environment in one experiment. Results from these experiments suggest that decreases in feed and anticoccidial intake during heat-stress could seldom be the cause of coccidiosis breaks under field conditions.
An Undergraduate Laboratory Exercise on the Biomechanics of Lifting

Since industrial engineers are responsible for the design of work methods and work stations, undergraduates in this field need to be educated with respect to the biomechanical aspects of lifting; this is most effectively accomplished as part of a required undergraduate ergonomics course. In the Industrial Engineering program at Iowa State University, a required ergonomics course is taught at the sophomore level, prior to a course in work simplification and measurement. A dynamic link segment model has been adapted from its original context in research for use as one of five laboratory exercises in the course. Rapid data acquisition was accomplished using a Graf-Check camera and overhead projection through a grid. Two different lifts were compared in terms of dynamic moments generated in the low back and other areas. The computer output and subsequent analysis permitted a comparison between the two lifting methods as well as a quantitative estimate of effects of handling larger or heavier objects.
The Legal Philosophy Interpretation of Village Government by Law under the Background of New Village

Under the background of harmonious society, construction of legal system in the countryside in China has been carried out in all directions, and obtained the remarkable result. However, there are defects of“duty in focus”,“legislation ab- sence”and“economical backward”on methodology, which directly results in embarrassed situation that village govern- ment by law fell into, and which impedes deep movement of modernization of legal system. So, the methodology must be rectified. The objectives are: construction of legal theory mechanism of village government by law; underlining supremacy of law of government by law ideas and laying material foundation of village government by law.
Livestock grazing limits beaver restoration in northern New Mexico

The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) builds dams that pond water on streams, which provide crucial ecological services to aquatic and riparian ecosystems and enhance biodiversity. Consequently, there is increasing interest in restoring beavers to locations where they historically occurred, particularly in the arid western United States. However, despite often intensive efforts to reintroduce beavers into areas where they were severely reduced in numbers or eliminated due to overharvesting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, beavers remain sparse or missing from many stream reaches. Reasons for this failure have not been well studied. Our goal was to evaluate certain biotic factors that may limit the occurrence of dam-building beavers in northern New Mexico, including competitors and availability of summer and winter forage. We compared these factors at primary active dams and at control sites located in stream reaches that were physically suitable for dam-building beavers but where none occurred. Beaver dams mostly occurred at sites that were not grazed or where there was some alternative grazing management, but were mostly absent at sites within Forest Service cattle allotments. Results indicated that cattle grazing influenced the relation between vegetation variables and beaver presence. The availability of willows (Salix spp.) was the most important plant variable for the presence of beaver dams. We conclude that grazing by cattle as currently practiced on Forest Service allotments disrupts the beaver-willow mutualism, rendering stream reaches unsuitable for dam-building beavers. We recommend that beaver restoration will require changes to current livestock management practices.
IMPROVED SINTERING PROCEDURES FOR ALUMINUM P/M PARTS

This paper discusses sintering practices for the production of aluminum P/M parts in nitrogen and dissociated ammonia and in vacuum. The influence of sintering atmosphere, dew point and temperature on the mechanical properties and dimensions of aluminum P/M alloys 601 AB and 201 AB are presented. Typical aluminum microstruetures are illustrated.
Practice guidelines for airway care during resuscitation

Existing guidelines for equipment and personnel have been described. In addition, the ASA guidelines on management of the difficult airway have been presented as an example of the type of algorithm that might be used for management of the difficult airway. Whereas guidelines are not standards, it is important to recognize that as guidelines are adopted by more and more practitioners, they become "standards of care" to which we are all held accountable.
Computational Modeling in Bone Machining

In general machining of materials is a complex process involving several process and material parameters. During machining, multiple physical phenomena are associated with combination of these process and material parameters. These physical phenomenon may occur simultaneously or in sequence rendering the process of machining very complex.
Sexual Coercion in Marriage: Narrative Accounts of Abused Latinas

ABSTRACTCompared to other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), marital sexual coercion or intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) has been relatively understudied, particularly from the perspective of women of color. Qualitative interviews using snowball sampling documented 10 Mexican-American women’s experiences with partner sexual violence within a cultural context. A phenomenological approach was used and through a thematic analysis, narrative responses of participants were synthesized into meaningful themes. All participants reported sexual coercion and violence in their marriages, yet most did not label those experiences as “rape” despite the threatening context in which some of these incidents occurred. Tacit, but not always explicit, acceptance of machismo, patriarchy, and male dominance were commonly expressed themes possibly increasing IPV risk. Results highlight the complex interaction between upholding cultural values on the one hand, and preserving individual well-being and safety on the ...
Energy consumption analysis of constant voltage and constant current operations in capacitive deionization

Abstract We report our studies to compare energy consumption of a CDI cell in constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) operations, with a focus on understanding the underlying physics of consumption patterns. The comparison is conducted under conditions that the CV and CC operations result in the same amounts of input charge and within identical charging phase durations. We present two electrical circuit models to simulate energy consumption in charging phase: one is a simple RC circuit model, and the other a transmission line circuit model. We built and tested a CDI cell to validate the transmission line model, and performed a series of experiments to compare CV versus CC operation under the condition of equal applied charge and charging duration. The experiments show that CC mode consumes energy at 33.8 kJ per mole of ions removed, which is only 28% of CV mode energy consumption (120.6 kJ/mol), but achieves similar level of salt removals. Together, the models and experiment support our major conclusion that CC is more energy efficient than CV for equal charge and charging duration. The models also suggest that the lower energy consumption of CC in charging is due to its lower resistive dissipation.
An Interpretation and Brief Synopsis as a Historical Text of Scroll 8 HEV1 from the Dead Sea Scrolls as a Physical Object

In the fall of 2013 an exhibit of the Dead Sea Scrolls was on loan to the Leonardo Museum in Salt Lake City, Utah from the Israel Antiquities Authority. For an academic librarian, this was a unique opportunity to examine parchments that were created between 408 BCE to 318 CE not as religious texts, but as physical objects. The duplication of a number of these objects relates to modern library and archival best practices as defined by the practice of LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe). This article will examine on particular piece of parchment (Book of Micah 4: 6-6:4) and the environment that it was found in and the archeological context of the discovery.
Designing Grounded Feedback: Criteria for Using Linked Representations to Support Learning of Abstract Symbols

This paper proposes grounded feedback as a way to provide implicit verification when students are working with a novel representation. In grounded feedback, students’ responses are in the target, to-be-learned representation, and those responses are reflected in a more-accessible linked representation that is intrinsic to the domain. By examining the accessible feedback representation, students can infer if their work with the novel representation is correct. This paper presents the criteria for grounded feedback, provides examples of systems that implement grounded feedback, contrasts grounded feedback with similar feedback types, and discusses the evidence for grounded feedback’s effectiveness. Controlled experiments with random assignment that compare grounded feedback to other approaches are limited in number and scope (i.e., comparisons to explicit verification with and without text hints, linked representations, and no feedback). The two experiments we found with full implementation of grounded feedback and a sample size larger than 20 found robust learning benefits of grounded feedback over explicit verification feedback. These results are promising and indicate that grounded feedback warrants further investigation.
Advances in Pediatric Cardiology Boot Camp: Boot Camp Training Promotes Fellowship Readiness and Enables Retention of Knowledge.

We previously demonstrated that a pediatric cardiology boot camp can improve knowledge acquisition and decrease anxiety for trainees. We sought to determine if boot camp participants entered fellowship with a knowledge advantage over fellows who did not attend and if there was moderate-term retention of that knowledge. A 2-day training program was provided for incoming pediatric cardiology fellows from eight fellowship programs in April 2016. Hands-on, immersive experiences and simulations were provided in all major areas of pediatric cardiology. Knowledge-based examinations were completed by each participant prior to boot camp (PRE), immediately post-training (POST), and prior to the start of fellowship in June 2016 (F/U). A control group of fellows who did not attend boot camp also completed an examination prior to fellowship (CTRL). Comparisons of scores were made for individual participants and between participants and controls. A total of 16 participants and 16 control subjects were included. Baseline exam scores were similar between participants and controls (PRE 47 ± 11% vs. CTRL 52 ± 10%; p = 0.22). Participants’ knowledge improved with boot camp training (PRE 47 ± 11% vs. POST 70 ± 8%; p < 0.001) and there was excellent moderate-term retention of the information taught at boot camp (PRE 47 ± 11% vs. F/U 71 ± 8%; p < 0.001). Testing done at the beginning of fellowship demonstrated significantly better scores in participants versus controls (F/U 71 ± 8% vs. CTRL 52 ± 10%; p < 0.001). Boot camp participants demonstrated a significant improvement in basic cardiology knowledge after the training program and had excellent moderate-term retention of that knowledge. Participants began fellowship with a larger fund of knowledge than those fellows who did not attend.
Reconstructing Activity Location Sequences From Incomplete Check-In Data: A Semi-Markov Continuous-Time Bayesian Network Model

Geo-location data from the check-ins made in online social media offers us information, in new ways, to understand activity-location choices of a large number of people. However, one of the major challenges of using check-in data is that it has missing activities, since users share their activities voluntarily. In this paper, we present a probabilistic modeling approach to reconstruct user activity-location sequences from this incomplete activity participation information. Specifically, we answer the question of how to predict an individual’s next activity, its duration and location given the incomplete trajectory data. The model describes the dynamics of individual activity participation behavior evolving over continuous time. A semi-Markov modeling approach is used to capture the stochastic processes involved in the activity generation mechanism. We present a particle-based Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler to run inference over the model. We further develop an expectation-maximization algorithm to learn the unknown parameters of the model from incomplete trajectory data. Finally, the method is applied to synthetically generated activity-location sequences and a data set of Foursquare check-ins of the users from New York City. Our experiments show that this method can successfully extract the true transition and duration distributions given the incomplete trajectory information. The proposed approach can help building many intelligent transportation applications using check-in data.
A study of N-gram and Embedding Representations for Native Language Identification

We report on our experiments with N-gram and embedding based feature representations for Native Language Identification (NLI) as a part of the NLI Shared Task 2017 (team name: NLI-ISU). Our best performing system on the test set for written essays had a macro F1 of 0.8264 and was based on word uni, bi and trigram features. We explored n-grams covering word, character, POS and word-POS mixed representations for this task. For embedding based feature representations, we employed both word and document embeddings. We had a relatively poor performance with all embedding representations compared to n-grams, which could be because of the fact that embeddings capture semantic similarities whereas L1 differences are more stylistic in nature.
Structural connectivity at a national scale: Wildlife corridors in Tanzania.

Wildlife corridors can help maintain landscape connectivity but novel methods must be developed to assess regional structural connectivity quickly and cheaply so as to determine where expensive and time-consuming surveys of functional connectivity should occur. We use least-cost methods, the most accurate and up-to-date land conversion dataset for East Africa, and interview data on wildlife corridors, to develop a single, consistent methodology to systematically assess wildlife corridors at a national scale using Tanzania as a case study. Our research aimed to answer the following questions; (i) which corridors may still remain open (i.e. structurally connected) at a national scale, (ii) which have been potentially severed by anthropogenic land conversion (e.g., agriculture and settlements), (iii) where are other remaining potential wildlife corridors located, and (iv) which protected areas with lower forms of protection (e.g., Forest Reserves and Wildlife Management Areas) may act as stepping-stones linking more than one National Park and/or Game Reserve. We identify a total of 52 structural connections between protected areas that are potentially open to wildlife movement, and in so doing add 23 to those initially identified by other methods in Tanzanian Government reports. We find that the vast majority of corridors noted in earlier reports as “likely to be severed” have actually not been cut structurally (21 of 24). Nonetheless, nearly a sixth of all the wildlife corridors identified in Tanzania in 2009 have potentially been separated by land conversion, and a third now pass across lands likely to be converted to human use in the near future. Our study uncovers two reserves with lower forms of protection (Uvinza Forest Reserve in the west and Wami-Mbiki Wildlife Management Area in the east) that act as apparently crucial stepping-stones between National Parks and/or Game Reserves and therefore require far more serious conservation support. Methods used in this study are readily applicable to other nations lacking detailed data on wildlife movements and plagued by inaccurate land cover datasets. Our results are the first step in identifying wildlife corridors at a regional scale and provide a springboard for ground-based follow-up conservation.
Competitiveness and the Survival of Core-Stigmatized Organizations

Failure is an ever-present possibility for organizations of all kinds, yet stigmatized organizations face especially daunting survival prospects. Often, the main challenge confronted by such organi...
3D heterogeneous integration enabling future RF ICs

High-performance radio frequency integrated circuit (RF ICs) is the core of wireless systems. While CMOS scaling and integration have been beneficial to modern RF ICs, future RF ICs call for More-Than-Moore technologies. This paper reviews recent advances in developing enabling 3D heterogeneous integration technologies for next-generation RF ICs, including vertical magnetic-cored inductors, through-back-end-of-line (BEOL) metal wall crosstalk isolation and above-IC graphene switch electrostatic discharging (ESD) protection.
Interventional Removal of Traumatic Nail from Skull Base After Endovascular Coiling of Internal Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein.

Background Cases of nail gun injuries to the head and neck are rare, and treatment approach varies with each case based on location and extent of injury. Case Description We present a case of a 52-year-old male who fell off a roof holding a pneumatic nail gun and accidentally shot himself with a nail through the right frontal neck region. The nail penetrated the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and extended intracranially through the right occipital condyle with its tip embedded in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The nail coursed between the right distal cervical internal jugular vein and right internal carotid artery. There was no evidence of vascular injury on initial imaging. The barbs of the nail abutted the right sigmoid sinus, making for high risk of tear and intracranial hemorrhage on manual nail extraction. Therefore preemptive coil embolization of the right dural venous sigmoid and occipital sinuses and internal jugular bulb was performed before attempted nail removal. Using biplane fluoroscopy, orthopedic screw removal plyers were successful in snaring the head of the nail. On initial removal attempt, the head of the nail injured the distal right cervical internal carotid artery, requiring endovascular coil embolization. The nail was then successfully extracted from the neck without further immediate complications. Conclusion Use of biplane fluoroscopy and preemptive endovascular embolization makes a nonsurgical approach to penetrating skull base injuries feasible. Despite improving right visual loss related to the right internal carotid artery embolization, the patient had no new focal neurologic deficits on 1-month outpatient follow-up.
Five Levels of Curriculum Integration Defined, Refined, and Described.

A great deal of attention has been given to curriculum integration. Developmentally appropriate instructional strategies and curricula for young adolescents had been perceived as the “untouchable e...
Assessing underlying mechanisms of quinoid-induced hematopoietic cell toxicity.

Within the bone marrow are a number of cell populations that can serve as potential targets of xenobiotics and/or their metabolites (Trush et al., 1996). These include the hematopoietic and lymphopoietic stem cells, committed progenitors, mature functional blood cells and the cells that comprise the bone marrow stromal microenvironment. The altered function of different populations probably results in the manifestation of different toxicities. Two environmental chemicals that have been linked with toxicity to the bone marrow are benzene and benzo(a)pyrene (BP). There is continued concern about human exposure to benzene arising from a variety of sources including certain occupational settings, hazardous waste sites, automobiles and cigarette smoking. Exposure of humans to benzene is associated with the development of aplastic anemia and leukemia. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as BP, have been shown to be myelotoxic in animals (Legraverend et. al., 1983). For example DBA/2 mice, with the Ahd/Ahdgenotype, develop an aplastic anemia-like condition and leukemia in response to orally administered benzo(a)pyrene. In this regard, diet is considered a major route of exposure to PAHs in humans (Buckley and Lioy, 1992). Whether dietary PAHs pose a risk to human bone marrow in poorly investigated from either an experimental or an epidemiologic perspective. The bone marrow toxicity of both benzene and BP has been linked to their biotransformation. Interestingly, both compounds are metabolized to quinone derivatives: benzene to hydroquinone; BP to 1,6-, 3,6-, and 6,12-quinone. Because of the importance of the bone marrow stromal microenvironment, we have studied the toxicity of hydroquinone and BP-derived quinones to stromal cells obtained from DBA/2 mice (Twerdok et al., 1992; Zhu et al., 1995).
Moving from arrogance to acceptance: narratively shifting human perceptions through a China study abroad programme

ABSTRACTThis research combines Lugones’ notions of arrogant perception and loving acceptance with Buber's concepts of I-It (treating people like objects) and I-Thou (treating people as valued human beings) to examine what 43 doctoral students reciprocally learned when they embarked on a travel study abroad program to China. The work, which draws on literature about reflection, travel study and culturally competent educators, was conducted as a narrative inquiry. Narrative inquiry’s four analytical devices (broadening, burrowing, storying/restorying, fictionalisation) helped to make sense of the educators’ small stories. The research themes that emerged were the: (1) continuity of the travel study experience, (2) comparative nature of the travel study experience, (3) unique nature of the travel study experience, (4) bodily basis of the travel study experience, and (5) living/re-living through the travel study experience. The work concludes that perspectives, identities and communities are not fixed. Finall...
How do these 3 diabetes agents compare in reducing mortality

A meta-analysis reveals that there may be advantages associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists that are not associated with DPP-4 inhibitors.
On the beneficent thickness of water.

In the 1930s, Lars Onsager published his famous ‘reciprocal relations’ describing free energy conversion processes. Importantly, these relations were derived on the assumption that the fluxes of th...
Relationship of Soil Temperature and Moisture to Development of Phytophthora Root Rot of Azalea

Temperature and moisture effects on development of Phytophthora root rot of azalea caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi was compared for plants growing in containers and a landscape bed in both sun and...
Sudden death in patients with sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Background: Over 1 billion individuals across the globe experience some form of sleep apnea, and this number is steadily rising. OSA can negatively influence ones quality of life (QOL), while also increasing their risk of mortality from many causes. However, the association between OSA and mortality has not been comprehensively and thoroughly explored. This meta-analysis was conducted to conclusively estimate the risk of death for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in OSA patients. Study Design: 4,613 articles from databases including PUBMED, OVID & Joana Briggs, and SCOPUS were comprehensively assessed by two reviewers (AES & ESH) for inclusion criteria. 28 total articles were included, with 22 of them being used for quantitative analysis. Pooled effects of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and sudden death were calculated by utilizing the metaprop function in R Statistical Software and the random-effects model with appropriate 95% confidence intervals. Results: Analysis on 42,032 individuals revealed that those with OSA were twice as likely to die from cardiac mortality compared to those without sleep apnea (HR= 1.94, 95%CI 1.39-2.70). Likewise, individuals with OSA were 1.7 times as likely to die from all-cause mortality compared to individuals without sleep apnea (HR= 1.74, 95%CI 1.40-2.10). Conclusions: Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea are at an increased risk for all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality. Further research related to appropriate interventions and treatments are necessary in order to reduce this risk and optimize survival in this population.
Framing bullying as a health risk: Null effects on young adults’ support for anti-bullying policies

Given extensive research underscoring the deleterious effects of bullying on youth adjustment, anti-bullying policies and programming are critical public health priorities. However, strategies that increase public support for anti-bullying causes are not well understood. This experiment assessed the influence of “bullying messaging” on support for anti-bullying policies. Specifically, I investigated whether learning about the health consequences of bullying, as opposed to its prevalence or educational impact, increased individuals’ support of anti-bullying policies. Participants (n = 329) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions where they read a brief summary about bullying research; conditions varied by whether the research documented the: a) prevalence of bullying b) mental health consequences of bullying c) physical health consequences of bullying or d) academic consequences of bullying. Results indicated that participants endorsed high levels of support for anti-bullying policies, regardless of experimental condition, and that policies aimed at increasing K-12 mental health resources were most supported.
Physiological resiliency in diving mammals: Insights on hypoxia protection using the Krogh principle to understand COVID-19 symptoms.

Sequential diving by wild marine mammals results in a lifetime of rapid physiological transitions between lung collapse-reinflation, bradycardia-tachycardia, vasoconstriction-vasodilation, and oxygen store depletion-restoration. The result is a cycle of normoxia and hypoxia in which blood oxygen partial pressures can decline to <20-30 mmHg during a dive, a level considered injurious to oxygen-dependent human tissues (i.e., brain, heart). Safeguards in the form of enhanced on-board oxygen stores, selective oxygen transport, and unique tissue buffering capacities enable marine-adapted mammals to maintain physiological homeostasis and energy metabolism even when breathing and pulmonary gas exchange cease. This stands in stark contrast to the vulnerability of oxygen-sensitive tissues in humans that may undergo irreversible damage within minutes of ischemia and tissue hypoxia. Recently, these differences in protection against hypoxic injury have become evident in the systemic, multi-organ physiological failure during COVID-19 infection in humans. Prolonged recoveries in some patients have led to delays in the return to normal exercise levels and cognitive function even months later. Rather than a single solution to this problem, we find that marine mammals rely on a unique, integrative assemblage of protections to avoid the deleterious impacts of hypoxia on tissues. Built across evolutionary time, these solutions provide a natural template for identifying the potential for tissue damage when oxygen is lacking, and for guiding management decisions to support oxygen-deprived tissues in other mammalian species, including humans, challenged by hypoxia.
Provider communication and HPV vaccine uptake: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Abstract Provider communication can be critically important to families as they consider HPV vaccination. We sought to characterize the association of provider communication and HPV vaccine uptake, and when communication better motivates vaccination. We searched four databases for studies published between 2006 and 2019. Eligible studies examined health care provider communication (defined as recommendation or discussion) and HPV vaccine uptake (defined as initiation, completion, or follow-through) in the US. Two coders independently identified eligible studies and coded effect sizes and study characteristics. We pooled effect sizes using random-effects meta-analysis. We identified 59 eligible studies of 265,083 patients. Receiving a provider recommendation was associated with higher HPV vaccine initiation (pooled OR = 10.1, 95% CI: 7.6–13.4). HPV vaccine initiation was 24% for patients without and 60% for patients with a provider recommendation. The pooled effect size for provider recommendation and initiation was smaller for probability samples, clinical records, and NIS-Teen (all p
Alternative polyadenylation dysregulation contributes to the differentiation block of acute myeloid leukemia.

Post-transcriptional regulation has emerged as a driver for leukemia development and an avenue for therapeutic targeting. Among post-transcriptional processes, alternative polyadenylation (APA) is globally dysregulated across cancer types. However, limited studies have focused on the prevalence and role of APA in myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, it is poorly understood how altered poly(A) site (PAS) usage of individual genes contributes to malignancy or whether targeting global APA patterns might alter oncogenic potential. In this study, we examined global APA dysregulation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by performing 3' Region Extraction And Deep Sequencing (3'READS) on a subset of AML patient samples along with healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and by analyzing publicly available data from a broad AML patient cohort. We show that patient cells exhibit global 3' untranslated region (UTR) shortening and coding sequence (CDS) lengthening due to differences in PAS usage. Among APA regulators, expression of FIP1L1, one of the core cleavage and polyadenylation factors, correlated with the degree of APA dysregulation in our 3'READS dataset. Targeting global APA by FIP1L1 knockdown reversed the global trends seen in patients. Importantly, FIP1L1 knockdown induced differentiation of t(8;21) cells by promoting 3'UTR lengthening and downregulation of the fusion oncoprotein AML1-ETO. In non-t(8;21) cells, FIP1L1 knockdown also promoted differentiation by attenuating mTORC1 signaling and reducing MYC protein levels. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the role of APA in AML pathogenesis and indicates that targeting global APA patterns can overcome the differentiation block of AML patients.
Catalytic site ensembles: A context to reexamine the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic description

Abstract The Langmuir-Hinshelwood formalism describes catalytic reactions of Langmuirian surface species under the assumption that all adsorbates are randomly-distributed – enabling adjacency of surface-bound intermediates to be determined solely by coverages of single-site occupants. We demonstrate herein that this approximation is inappropriate even for simple catalytic reactions (e.g. A + A → A2) and manifestly neglects islanding of slowly-consumed species and partitioning of highly-reactive species inherently engendered by ≥ two-site elementary steps (e.g. A*–A* → A2(g) + *–*). Rigorous description of kinetically-consequential islanding/partitioning phenomena requires explicit description of the coverage and chemical dynamics of all multi-site ensembles. Higher-order, ensemble-specific rate terms identify the particular microscopic events relevant to each ensemble, and, in doing so, reveal that each elementary step (e.g. A(g) adsorption) describes not one event (e.g. A(g) + * → A*) , but a sum over all ensemble-specific paths (e.g. A(g) + *–* → A*–* and A(g) + A*–* → A*–A*). De-convoluting each elementary step into its constituent multi-site paths proffers kinetic detail otherwise inaccessible – enabling (i) identification of rate- and selectivity-determining site ensembles, (ii) calculation of rates and degrees of rate control of ensemble-specific elementary steps, (iii) incorporation of adsorbate surface diffusion, (iv) incorporation of lateral adsorbate interactions, and (v) quantitative description of catalysis of multi-site-occupying intermediates (e.g. *CnHm* species in hydrocarbon (de-)hydrogenation and C-C bond coupling/cleavage reactions) which we demonstrate is inaccessible to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood formalism even if adsorbate surface diffusion is infinitely-fast.
Some Fundamental Aspects of the Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers with Electron Beams

The radiation induced polymerization of vinyl monomers has been intensively studied during the past twenty-five years. In general the polymerization has been found to proceed via free radical mechanisms although more recent work shows that ionic mechanisms are also operative under certain conditionsl. Most of the research has been conducted at moderate dose rates, up to one megarad per hour, for example, using cobalt 60 or other convenient radioisotopes. The high penetrating power and low dose rates minimized the experimental difficulties involved in such research. The development of high power electron accelerators in the 200–500 Kv range for high speed industrial radiation processing has led to enormous interest in their use including the polymerization and crosslinking of solvent free organic coatings. Fundamental research, on the other hand, using accelerators for polymerization studies has been rare. This has been due to the experimental difficulties caused by (a) the low penetrating power and (b) the heat effects arising from the rapid deposition of energy and the exotherms arising from the rapid polymerization reactions. The penetration pattern leads to difficulties with uniform fields, accurate dosimetry and to difficulties of conducting experiments in an oxygen free atmosphere together with other control problems. The kinetics of polymerization themselves are further complicated by the use of rapidly scanned electron beams rather than a steady uniform field.
A Brief History and Overview of CDC's Centers for Public Health Preparedness Cooperative Agreement Program

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded the Centers for Public Health Preparedness (CPHP) Cooperative Agreement program from 2004 through 2010. CDC gave approximately $134 million to 27 CPHPs within accredited schools of public health to enhance the relationship between academia and state and local health agencies to strengthen public health preparedness. Over the course of the program, CPHPs provided education and training services that met public health preparedness and response needs throughout the United States. The passage of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act in 2006 has had broad implications for the Department of Health and Human Services' future preparedness and response activities. Guidelines were established giving accredited schools of public health eligibility to receive federal grants to carry out the continual development and delivery of core curricula and training that responds to the needs of state, local, and tribal public health authorities.
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors in human brain: effects of aging and Alzheimer.

A review of studies on nicotinic cholinergic receptors in human brain is presented. The paper focusses upon changes in normal aging brain and in Alzheimer disease (AD). Studies from five different approaches are reported: a) molecular biology; b) receptor binding studies; c) studies with specific neurotoxins; d) immunocytochemistry; and e) PET scan. These studies document profound and characteristic differences between the normal aging and the pathological AD brain with regard to nicotinic cholinergic receptor localization, distribution and function.
ANAEROBIC DISSIMILATION OF C14-LABELED GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE BY PSEUDOMONAS LINDNERI

Ethanol formation during the heterolactic fermentation of glucose by Leuconostoc me$enteroides has been shown to proceed via a pathway differing from the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolysis scheme (1-3). Ethanol arising during yeast fermentation via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas scheme is derived from carbon atoms 1 (aldehyde carbon), 2, 5, and 6 of glucose (4), the methyl group representing carbons 1 and 6, while in the heterolactic fermentation only carbon atoms 2 and 3 give rise to ethanol, the methyl group representing carbon atom 2. It was, therefore, of interest to determine whether ethanol formation in other bacterial fermentations involved the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas or other pathways. Pseudomonas lindneri (Zymomonas lindneri, Termobacterium mobile) was investigated because of its high yield of ethanol during glucose or fructose fermentation. This fermentation has been studied by Kluyver and Hoppenbrouwers (5) using growing cultures, and their results may be expressed in the following equation:
Adenovirus type 12 E1B 19-kilodalton protein is not required for oncogenic transformation in rats.

Abstract The adenovirus type 12 mutants in700 and pm700 carry site-specific mutations within the reading frame encoding the E1B 19-kilodalton protein (19K protein) which prevent the production of the intact 19K protein. In cultures of human A549 cells, these mutants grow just as well as the wild-type virus does, but they display a large-plaque (lp), cytocidal (cyt) phenotype. DNA in these infected cells is not degraded, but at late times in human KB cells infected by the mutants, the mutants display a DNA degradation (deg) phenotype. The transformation phenotype of these mutants is also host range. Although the mutants are defective for transformation of the 3Y1 rat cell line, they transform rat and mouse primary kidney cells in vitro at wild-type efficiency and are capable of inducing tumors in rats. These results support the view that the type 12 E1B 19K protein is not obligatory for oncogenic transformation.
Flow-through electrodes: III. Radial mass transport control under limiting current conditions

Summary The effects of radial diffusion on the electrochemical behaviour of porous flow-through electrodes have been discussed for the case of limiting current conditions. The comparison of the experimental results reported in the literature with the theoretically predicted dependence of current upon flow-rate, electrode geometry and potential demonstrates the applicability of a capillary bundle model for representation of porous media.
NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS ON FREQUENCIES OF BACTERIAL RECOMBINATION

Riley, Monica (University of California, Berkeley) and Arthur B. Pardee. Nutritional effects on frequencies of bacterial recombination. J. Bacteriol. 83:1332-1335. 1962.-The number of recombinant colonies obtained from mated Escherichia coli is highly dependent on the composition of the medium, both during and after mating, and of the agar medium on which the bacteria are plated. Many bacteria appear to participate in mating, but the efficiency with which they carry out subsequent events leading to recombinant colony formation depends on the physiological state of the zygotes and the challenge to which they are subjected on the selective plates. These findings are reminiscent of the factors which influence the frequency of production of mutants from irradiated bacteria, the survival of bacteria irradiated with ultraviolet light, lysogenization by bacteriophage, or transformation by deoxyribonucleic acid. As a practical measure, care must be taken to hold conditions of plating constant to obtain reproducible numbers of recombinant colonies in mating experiments. For instance, traces of nutrients in agar can greatly affect recombination frequencies.
Community detection in multiplex social networks

Community detection has emerged rapidly as an important problem for many years. Although a large number of methods for this problem have been proposed, none of them address directly the problem for multiplex Online Social Networks (OSNs) in which a user can have multiple accounts in different networks. In this paper, we propose and compare two classes of approaches named Unifying Approach and Coupling Approach for community detection in multiplex OSNs. Moreover, we develop for each class a specialized NMF-based algorithm. For testing purposes, we extend the LFR benchmark to generate multiplex OSNs. Our intensive experiments show the significant improvement of our methods over the naive approach of finding community structure (CS) in each network separately.
Genetic alterations in untreated metastases and androgen-independent prostate cancer detected by comparative genomic hybridization and allelotyping

Abstract A newly developed method of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) employing quantitative statistical comparisons was applied to DNA from two different types of advanced prostate cancer tissue. Multiple CGH analyses were obtained for each chromosome in each tumor, and the results of point-by-point comparison of the mean tumor:normal color ratio to a control normal:normal color ratio in each of 1247 evenly distributed data channels constituting the entire human genome were interpreted as loss, gain, or no change in copy number in the tumor genome. Group I tissue was obtained from prostate cancer metastases from 20 patients, 19 of whom had received no prior prostate cancer treatment. This DNA also was analyzed by Southern and microsatellite allelotyping at 53 different loci on 20 different chromosome arms. CGH results agreed with allelotyping results at 92% of the informative loci studied. These samples, which contained highly enriched tumor DNA, showed the highest rates of alteration yet reported in several chromosomal regions known to be altered frequently in prostate cancer: 8q gain (85%), 8p loss (80%), 13q loss (75%), 16q loss (55%), 17p loss (50%), and 10q loss (50%). Group II tissue was obtained predominately from primary or recurrent tumor from 11 patients who had been treated with long-term androgen-deprivation therapy and developed androgen-independent metastatic disease. Quantitative CGH analysis on DNA from these tissues showed chromosomal alterations that were very similar to those found in group I, suggesting that untreated metastatic tumors contain the bulk of chromosomal alterations necessary for recurrence to occur during androgen deprivation. In the entire data set, a number of previously undetected regions of frequent loss or gain were identified, including losses of chromosomes 2q (42%), 5q (39%), 6q (39%), and 15q (39%) and gains of chromosomes 11p (52%), 1q (52%), 3q (52%), and 2p (45%). x 2 analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of gain of the 4q25–q28 region in tumors from African-American patients, indicating a possible oncogene whose activation may play a role in the higher rate of progression seen in this ethnic group. Additional study of these frequently altered regions may provide insight into the mechanism of prostate cancer progression and lead to important tools for tumor-specific prognosis and therapy.