cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A surname brand effect explanation for consumer brand preference and advocacy

Purpose – A lack of empirical evidence currently exists verifying name similarity effects on brand level choice and behavior. This research aims to test for and document the existence of a surname brand preference effect – whether individuals with surnames that match the names of brands prefer them more than other brands and behave in a manner consistent with those preferences. Design/methodology/approach – In two studies consisting of four national surveys, 50 consumer brands across 23 product categories were examined. Findings – Findings reveal that respondents with surnames that match well-known national brands more than doubled their preference rate for that brand. Findings also reveal that for consumers who prefer a brand, surname matching results in them being more than twice as likely to label themselves as brand advocates. Originality/value – These findings represent the first comprehensive examination of name similarity effects on brand preferences and advocacy. The data support and extend existi...
Use of XFOIL in design of camber-controlled morphing UAVs

The standard curriculum for Aerospace Engineering students at the University of Cincinnati includes AEEM361 Integrated Aircraft Engineering. The goal of this course is to instruct students in the tools and methodology of aircraft design. The integrated aspects of aircraft design are underscored by introducing pre-junior (between sophomore and junior) students to the state-of-the-art morphing technology, inspired by bat and bird flight, which can enable an aircraft to adapt its shape to best suit the flight condition thereby enhancing mission performance. In this article, we present the development of unique software tools, which provide undergraduates an opportunity to design airfoils for morphing aircraft. Morphing is introduced in the form of “on demand” camber as well as sweep change with the aim of improving aerodynamic efficiency for a multi-objective (several design points) mission profile. The Global Hawk UAV mission in general and its LRN1015 airfoil in particular is in focus due to the relative long mission times spent at the two different flight conditions, namely high-speed dash and low-speed loiter. We are using several tools to virtually simulate a morphing wing including XFOIL to perform fast and relatively accurate two-dimensional steady-flow simulations of different morphed configurations using a camber-controlled morphed wing to maneuver. In this article we detail AeroMorph, the educational MATLAB-based tool developed for design of a camber-controlled morphing of airfoils with the aim of improving aerodynamic efficiency and exploration of the basic relationships between flap deflection and airfoil morphing based on a camber change. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 673–680, 2012
Mechanism and Activity of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts

This report details the effects of ligand variation on the mechanism and activity of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts. A series of ruthenium complexes of the general formula L(PR3)(X)2RuCHR1 have been prepared, and the influence of the substituents L, X, R, and R1 on the rates of phosphine dissociation and initiation as well as overall activity for olefin metathesis reactions was examined. In all cases, initiation proceeds by dissociative substitution of a phosphine ligand (PR3) with an olefinic substrate. All of the ligands L, X, R, and R1 have a significant impact on initiation rates and on catalyst activity. The origins of the observed substituent effects as well as the implications of these studies for the design and implementation of new olefin metathesis catalysts and substrates are discussed in detail.
Protonation of coordinated N2 on tungsten with H2 mediated by sulfido-bridged dinuclear molybdenum complexes.

Reaction of tungsten dinitrogen complexes [W(N2)2L4] (L = PMe2Ph, PMePh2) and 10 equiv of sulfido-bridges molybdenum complexes [Cp‘Mo(μ2-S2CH2)(μ-S)(μ-SR)MoCp‘]OTf (Cp‘ = η5-C5H5, η5-C5H4Me; R = H, Me; OTf = OSO2CF3) under 1 atm of H2 afforded NH3 in moderate (33−52%) yields based on the tungsten atom.
Analysis of Least-Squares Finite Element Methods for the Navier--Stokes Equations

In this paper we study finite element methods of least-squares type for the stationary, incompressible Navier--Stokes equations in two and three dimensions. We consider methods based on velocity-vorticity-pressure form of the Navier--Stokes equations augmented with several nonstandard boundary conditions. Least-squares minimization principles for these boundary value problems are developed with the aid of the Agmon--Douglis--Nirenberg (ADN) elliptic theory. Among the main results of this paper are optimal error estimates for conforming finite element approximations and analysis of some nonstandard boundary conditions. Results of several computational experiments with least-squares methods which illustrate, among other things, the optimal convergence rates are also reported.
Fimbriae-Mediated Attachment of and Cytokine Potentiation by Nontypable Haemophilus Influenzae (NTHI) in Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV)-Infected Epithelial Cell Cultures † 856

RSV infection is associated with the development of otitis media, sinusitis(in children) and bronchitis (in adults) due to NTHI. We have recently shown that RSV infection enhances the adherence of NTHI to type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549) by more than 200%, which is mediated almost exclusively by the bacterial surface fimbriae.
Effect of Brij-78 on systemic delivery of insulin from an ocular device

An ocular insert is developed for the controlled systemic delivery of insulin. Commercially available Gelfoam absorbable gelatin sponge, USP, is used in the fabrication of the ocular insert in the form of a matrix system. Two eyedrop formulations and 13 eye device formulations were evaluated. The efficacy of insulin ocular delivery was quantitated by monitoring the changes in its pharmacological response (i.e., blood glucose lowering). The in vivo results from devices containing 0.5 or 1.0 mg of insulin with 20 µg of polyoxyethylene-20-stearyl ether (Brij-78) give a substantial improvement in insulin activity and a significant prolongation in its duration compared with the eyedrops. In addition, the mean blood glucose concentration returns to nearly normal levels within 60 min after the removal of the device. Overall, the application of the Gelfoam device makes it feasible to obtain a prolonged systemic delivery of insulin within the desired therapeutic levels without the risk of hypoglycemia.‡
Derivative Analysis of Potentiometric Titration Data To Obtain Protonation Constants

A methodology is described to calibrate glass electrodes and to analyze potentiometric titration data to calculate protonation constants. The analysis uses the variation of dV/dpH with titrant addition in terms of two physical parameters which involve the concentrations of H+, OH-, and HmA. The data for titration of acetic acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline in 0.10−5.0 m NaCl media are analyzed by this method to obtain the stoichiometric protonation constants of the acids, the ionization constants of water, and the parameters s and b in the pH electrode calibration equation, pcH = spHm + b, where pcH = −log [H+], and pHm is the pH meter reading.
The anchor position of histograms and frequency polygons: quantitative and qualitative smoothing

Histogram and frequency polygon estimators suffer from the drawback of the need to choose an anchor position for the estimator; different choices can lead to estimates with different appearances, particularly for small samples. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the effect of anchor position on both the integrated squared error accuracy and mode resolution of histogram and frequency polygon estimators. Although the effect can be made unimportant with respect to squared error (quantitative smoothing)), it has a stronger effect on mode resolution of the estimators (qualitative smoothing). Further, even estimators based on the best choice of anchor position are noticeably inferior with respect to qualitative smoothing than available kernel estimators. These results imply two important messages for data analysts interested in density estimation: (1) Effective or consistent performance with respect to functional norms such as squared error does not necessarily correspond to effectiv...
Toxicity studies of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in pneumoperitoneum

The results of studies of rats and dogs maintained with pneumoperitoneum of sulfur hexafluoride, and with air for control observations, for periods of six months are reported. The toxicity found was of a sufficiently low order to warrant initial treatments of humans.
Molecular and Cellular Physiology of the Dissociation of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide from Guanylyl Cyclase A Receptors

Guanylyl cyclase subtype A (GCA) is the main receptor that mediates the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the regulation of plasma volume and blood pressure. The dynamics of the dissociation of ANP from GCA were investigated in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with wild-type (WT) or mutant GCA receptors. The rate of dissociation of specifically bound 125I-ANP-(1–28) from intact CHOGCAWT cells at 37 °C was extremely rapid (Koff = 0.49 ± 0.02 min−1), whereas in isolated membranes prepared from these cells, the dissociation at 37 °C was >10-fold slower (Koff = 0.035 ± 0.006 min−1). The dissociation of ANP from CHOGCAWT cells showed remarkable temperature dependence. Between 22 and 37 °C,Koff increased ∼8 times, whereas between 4 and 22 °C, it increased only 1.5 times. Total deletion of the cytoplasmic domain or of the catalytic guanylyl cyclase sequence within this domain abolished ANP-induced increases in cGMP, dramatically slowed receptor-ligand dissociation by at least 10-fold, and abolished the temperature dependence of the dissociation of ANP. Deletion of the kinase-like domain led to maximal constitutive activation of guanylyl cyclase, markedly decreased Koff to 0.064 ± 0.006 min−1, and also abolished the temperature dependence of dissociation. Substitution of Ser506 by Ala and particularly the double substitution of Gly505 and Ser506 by Ala within the kinase-like domain markedly reduced ANP-induced increases in cGMP, whereasKoff decreased modestly (albeit significantly) to 0.36 ± 0.03 and 0.24 ± 0.02 min−1, respectively. As a whole, the results demonstrate for the first time that temperature per se or ATP alone cannot account for rapid GCA receptor-ligand dissociation under physiological conditions and suggest that ligand dissociation is modulated in part by the interaction of still unidentified cytosolic factors with the cytoplasmic domain of GCA.
Current Concepts in the Management of Postoperative Chylothorax

Abstract Thirteen patients required pleural drainage for postoperative chylothorax with an average duration of leakage of 36.9 days. Total protein and albumin levels, body weight, and peripheral lymphocyte counts all decreased substantially during the period of chylous leakage. Only 3 chylothoraces resolved with tube drainage and dietary management alone. Six patients required eight operations for control of chylothorax, and 4 patients, all of whom had cancer, died with a persistent leak. Chylothorax is a debilitating postoperative complication resulting in an impaired immune system and nutritional state. Because it is associated with a 50% mortality in patients with cancer, early reoperation should be considered. Patients with benign underlying disease can be managed conservatively for longer periods. Control of potential chylous leaks at the time of original operation is vital, especially in patients with malignancies who have a predisposition toward leakage from sites other than the main thoracic duct.
Representation theory of the nonlinear SU (2) algebra

Abstract A deformed quadratic Casimir operator is constructed for nonlinearly deformed SU (2) algebras, and the representation theory is investigated. Different deformations give rise to different kinds of finite dimensional unitary representations, including periodic representations as in quantum groups, as well as “extra”, “truncated” and “missing” representations. Remarkably, certain deformations allow only finite numbers of unitary representations (“maximum spin” representations). A free oscillator representation is given.
Carcinoembryonic antigen: clinical correlation with chemotherapy for metastatic gastrointestinal cancer.

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) titers were measured in 38 patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma of the colon, pancreas, and stomach. CEA levels were initially elevated (over 2.5 ng/ml) in 26 patients (12/20 colonic, 8/10 pancreatic, 6/8 gastric). Seventeen patients had rising serial CEA values during therapy; 13 had evidence of tumor progression, 3 had stable disease, and 1 had no measurable disease. Nineteen patients had stable CEA levels which were either persistently elevated (11 patients) or normal (8 patients). Ten of 11 patients with elevated CEA levels developed tumor progression. In 8 patients with consistently normal CEA levels, 6 (colon) had no evidence of progressive tumor, and 2 (1 pancreatic and 1 gastric) eventually died of metastatic disease. CEA levels decreased in 2 patients with colon carcinoma during remission from chemotherapy. A rising CEA titer often presages clinical deterioration, although elevated CEA levels may remain stable despite progressive disease. Persistently normal CEA, however, is a favorable prognostic sign. The limited effectiveness of chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer in this series precludes any definitive conclusion regarding the effect of chemother-apeutically induced tumor regression on CEA levels, although there is suggestive evidence that CEA correlates with remission.
The status of implant training in oral and maxillofacial surgery residency programs

Abstract Purpose: The results of a survey concerning the status of oral and maxillofacial surgery resident training in oral implantology are discussed. Results: The results demonstrate that oral and maxillofacial surgery residents are exposed to a variety of implant types and systems, with most implant surgery being performed in association with intravenous sedation. The number of implants placed by each resident during training varied greatly. Conclusion: Most program directors believe that the implantology training of oral and maxillofacial surgery residents is superior or comparable to that of periodontal graduate students. However, this survey suggests that certain aspects of residency training in implantology, such as the performance of sinus lift procedures and participation in implant research, may require more emphasis.
Transformative Challenges to the Social Science Disciplines: Implications for Social Studies Teaching and Learning

The author contends that the social studies projects of the 1960s and 1970s reflected institutionalized mainstream academic knowledge in the social sciences which assumes that knowledge is neutral, objective, and universal. Within the last two decades, transformative knowledge created by scholars of color and feminist scholars has challenged the social science disciplines and some of their major assumptions and tenets. Transformative scholars argue that knowledge is neither universal nor neutral but reflects human interests, the cultures of social scientists, and the power relationships within society. The author recommends that the gap between the transformations occurring within the social science disciplines and the way that the social studies is taught in the school be closed.
On the design of broadband omnidirectional compact antennas

The conventional discone antenna is well known as an easy-to-build broadband antenna with a vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation pattern. Here, we consider an alternative configuration where both metallic surfaces involved in discone-type antennas are shaped. A study is performed to find body shapes that simultaneously minimize the antenna's cross-section area and improve the antenna's performance. For this study, a numerical model based on the method of moments (MoM) is employed and the parameters used to describe the antenna shape are explored. A design example of the modified discone-type antenna is presented and its performance is compared with that of a conventional discone antenna. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 418–422, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11236
Spintronics: Taming spin currents

Versatile room-temperature control of spin currents without a net charge flow paves the way for new methods to transfer and process information.
OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS OF PROCESSOR ARRAYS WITH PIPELINED ARITHMETIC UNITS

Two-level pipelining in processor arrays (PAs) involves pipelining of operations across processing elements (PEs) and pipelining of operations in functional units in each PE. Although it is an attractive method for improving the throughput of PAs, existing methods for generating PAs with two-level pipelining are restricted and cannot systematically explore the entire space of feasible designs. In this paper, we extend a systematic design method, called General Parameter Method (GPM), we have developed earlier to find optimal designs of PAs with two-level pipelines. The basic idea is to add new constraints on periods of data flows to include the effect of internal functional pipelines in the PEs. As an illustration, we present pipelined PA designs for computing matrix products. For n-dimensional meshes and other symmetric problems, we provide an efficient scheme to obtain a pipelined PA from a non-pipelined PA using a reindexing transformation. This scheme is used in GPM as a pruning condition to arrive at optimal pipelined PAs efficiently. For pipelines with minimum initiation interval (MII) greater than unity, we show additional constraints that ensure correctness of the synthesized PAs.
Outcomes of a small group educational intervention for urinary incontinence: health-related quality of life.

Objectives This article examines change in general and condition-specific measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) among participants in a randomized trial of a community-based intervention for urinary incontinence (UI). Methods Participants were randomized into intervention or wait control conditions. Participants were women aged 65 or older with urinary incontinence residing in Oklahoma. General HRQL measures included the Physical Function, Mental Health, Vitality, and Health Perceptions subscales of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Condition-specific measures included the Impact of UI and self-management strategies. Results There were no significant group effects for the general HRQL measures. Intervention participants reported decreased Impact of UI and greater change in self-management strategies than control participants. Discussion The intervention affected condition-specific quality of life and self-management but not general HRQL. The intervention's impact on quality of life involves change in how the condition is seen as impacting on life and on selection of self-management behaviors.
Laboratory studies of the impact of calcite on in vitro and in vivo effects of coal dust: A potential preventive agent for coal workers' pneumoconiosis?

Background Bioavailable iron (BAI) in coal, which may play a key role in causing coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), is present at relatively high levels in Appalachian coals. Calcite decreases BAI and is more plentiful in Western coals than in Appalachian coals, possibly explaining the lower CWP prevalence among Western miners. Methods We measured effects of calcite on BAI in non-cellular and cellular systems involving Pennsylvania (PA) coal dust. We also tested in vivo effects of calcite on transferrin receptor and markers of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation in mice exposed to PA coal. Results Calcite rapidly eliminated BAI in an aqueous suspension of PA coal. Ferritin induction in human lung epithelial cells exposed to PA coal was effectively eliminated by calcite. Mouse lung tissue markers indicated increased EMT after exposure to PA coal dust, but not after exposure to PA coal plus calcite. Markers of inflammation increased following exposure to PA coal alone, but not following exposure to PA coal plus calcite. Conclusion Additional research may lead to the use of supplemental calcite in coal mining as a safe and effective way to prevent CWP among Appalachian coal miners. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:292–299, 2013. 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A radioassay for folic acid reductase

Abstract This report describes a radioassay for folic reductase using tritiated folic acid as the substrate. The assay measures directly the disappearance of the labeled substrate, thus avoiding some of the difficulties other indirect assays encounter. By employing high specific activity tritiated folic acid, the reduction of substrate levels in the range of 10−12 mole can be monitored, permitting in turn the assay of correspondingly small amounts of enzyme. A special method of paper chromatography has been used whereby the tritiated folate substrate is separated from the tritiated H4-folate product, and the disappearance of the substrate can thus be quantitated. The enzymic reaction is TPNH dependent and can be inhibited by the folic acid antagonist, amethopterin.
The sensitivity of fixed-bed biological perchlorate removal to changes in operating conditions and water quality characteristics.

Abstract Flow rate, electron donor addition, and biomass control were evaluated in order to optimize perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) removal from drinking water using biologically active carbon (BAC) filtration. Influent dissolved oxygen (DO) was lowered from ambient conditions to approximately 2.5 mg/L for all experiments using a nitrogen sparge. When influent nitrate concentration was 0–2.0 mg/L, 1.6–2.8 mg/L as carbon of acetate or ethanol was required to achieve and sustain the complete removal of 50 μg/L perchlorate in a BAC filter. Most or all of the exogenous acetate and ethanol was removed during biofiltration. When a 72-h electron donor feed failure was simulated, a maximum perchlorate breakthrough of 18 μg/L was observed and, once electron donor was reapplied, 9 days were required to reestablish complete perchlorate removal. During a 24-h electron donor feed failure simulation, the maximum effluent perchlorate concentration detected was 6.7 μg/L. Within 24 h of reactivating the electron donor, the filter regained its capacity to consistently remove 50 μg/L perchlorate to below detection. Although biomass growth diminished the filter's ability to consistently remove perchlorate, a cleaning procedure immediately restored stable, complete perchlorate removal. This cleaning procedure was required approximately every 50 days (4800 bed volumes) when influent DO concentration was 2.5 mg/L. Empty-bed contact time (EBCT) experiments showed that 80% perchlorate removal was achieved using a 5-min EBCT, and complete perchlorate removal was observed for an EBCT of 9 min. It was also demonstrated that BAC filtration consistently removed perchlorate to below detection for influent perchlorate concentrations ranging from 10 to 300 μg/L, influent sulfate concentrations between 0 and 220 mg/L, influent pH values of 6.5–9.0, and operating temperatures of 5–22°C.
Mediation of deep supercooling of peach and dogwood by enzymatic modifications in cell-wall structure

Treatment of stem sections of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) with macerase, an enzyme mixture rich in pectinase, for 24–48 h resulted in a complete flattening of the low-temperature exotherm (LTE) as determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Ultrastructural analysis of macerase-treated tissue demonstrated a nearly complete digestion of the pit membrane (black cap and primary cell-wall) of nearly 100% of the xylem-parenchyma cells examined after 48 h of exposure to the enzyme. Additionally, the underlying amorphous layer was partially degraded in up to 57% of the cells examined. The macerase treatment had no visible effect on secondary cell-walls of xylem tissue. In contrast, treatment of stem tissue with cellulysin (mostly cellulase) resulted in a shift of the LTE to warmer temperatures as determined by DTA, and a digestion of only the outermost layer of the pit membrane in nearly 100% of the cells examined, with little or no effect on the underlying layers. Treatment of tissue with 25 mM sodiumphosphate buffer also resulted in a shift of the LTE to warmer temperatures but the shift was not as great as in cellulysin-treated tissue. The shift was associated with a partial degradation of the outermost layer of the pit membrane in dogwood (33–45% of the cells examined) but not in peach (3–7% of the cells). Collectively, the data indicate that pectins may be an integral structural element of the pit membrane and that this portion of the cell-wall, along with the underlying amorphous layer, play a major role in forming a barrier to water movement and growth of ice crystals. This barrier allows xylem parenchyma of some species of woody plants to undergo deep supercooling.
PACS and teleradiology for on-call support of abdominal imaging

One aspect of the Georgetown image management and communications system (IMACS or PACS) is a built-in capability to support teleradiology. Unlike many dedicated teleradiology systems, the support of this capability as a part of PACS means that any acquired images are remotely accessible, not just those specifically input for transmission. Over the past one and one-half years, two radiologists (SCH, BSG) in the abdominal imaging division of the department of radiology have been accumulating experience with teleradiology for on-call support of emergency abdominal imaging, chiefly in ultrasound. As of the time of this writing, use of the system during on-call (one of these attending radiologists primarily responsible) or back-up call (the attending responsible for the Fellow on primary call) has resulted in a marked reduction in the number of times one of them has to drive to the hospital at night or over the weekend. Approximately 80% of the time, use of the teleradiology system obviates having to go in to review a case. The remainder of the time, the radiologist has to perform a procedure (e.g., abscess drainage) or a scan (e.g., complex Doppler study) himself. This paper reviews the system used for teleradiology, how it is electronically and operationally integrated with the PACS, the clinical benefits and disadvantages of this use, and radiologist and referring physician acceptance.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Developmental patterns of zygotes from transgenic female mice with elevated tissue glutathione.

Zygotes were collected from transgenic mice overexpressing glutathione synthetase to test the hypothesis that such zygotes are more capable of developing in suboptimal culture media than zygotes from non-transgenic (control) mice. The effects of injection of donor mice with gamma-glutamylcysteinyl ethyl ester (gamma-GCE) on embryonic development were also investigated. In addition, the effects of genetic background (i.e., transgenic vs. non-transgenic) and injection with gamma-GCE on developmental capacity in kSOM were studied after exposure of zygotes to diamide (0.01 mM, for 30 min). When cultured in modified Medium 16 significantly more pronuclear ova from transgenic females reached the morula (M) and early blastocyst (EB) stages than embryos derived from control mice. Genetic background significantly affected the proportions of embryos reaching 4- to 16-cell, M and EB stages during culture in modified Whitten's medium (WM); more zygotes collected from transgenic than from control mice developed. The injection of experimental mice with gamma-GCE significantly increased proportions of zygotes developing to M and EB stages in WM. Following exposure to diamide and subsequent culture in kSOM significantly more zygotes collected from transgenic mice reached the 4- to 16-cell stages than those from control females; a significant positive effect on developmental capacity was also seen after injection of donor mice with gamma-GCE. When cultured in suboptimal conditions, zygotes derived from transgenic mice overexpressing glutathione synthetase were more capable of developing than zygotes of non-transgenic control females. Zygotes from the transgenic mice also exhibited greater capacity to withstand toxic exposure to diamide. Present data suggest that commonly known strain differences in preimplantational development in vitro may reflect differences in the synthesis and/or metabolism of glutathione. J. Exp. Zool. 286:173-180, 2000.
A Study of the Effect of Nonionic EmulsifyingAgents on the Release of Medicationfrom Hydrophilic Ointment Bases

Hydrophilic ointment U. S. P. XIV has been reported to possess undesirable compatibility and irritation properties due to the presence of the anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate in the formulation. This paper describes the effect of replacing sodium lauryl sulfate with nonionic surfactants in hydrophilic ointment on the release of medication from the ointment bases when tested by the agar plate method.
Biogeochemistry: A faulty fertilizer

Elevated levels of CO2 can stimulate photosynthesis in plants and increase their uptake of atmospheric carbon. A five-year study in Minnesota grasslands shows that increased plant uptake of CO2 is restricted by the availability of vital nutrients and water.
Utilization of zearalenone- contaminated corn for ethanol production

Two lots of yellow corn, severely damaged byFusarium fungi and contaminated with 8.0 and 33.5 ppm zearalenone, respectively, were used for ethanol fermentations. Substrate corn (5-kg samples) was processed in a laboratory procedure similar to that used by the fermentation industry. Stillages obtained were 7.0 to 9.0% ethanol. Ethanol was recovered by distillation, residual grain solids by filtration, and solubles by concentration. No zearalenone could be detected in the ethanol fraction. Zearalenone in the original corn was concentrated in the residual solids and solubles, which are generally used for animal feed. Treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the level of zearalenone in fermentation solids. Ammonium hydroxide was a much less effective agent for toxin degradation.
Fermentation of bioenergy crops into ethanol using biological abatement for removal of inhibitors

Biological abatement was used to condition dilute acid-pretreated hydrolysates of three perennial herbaceous crops that are potential bioenergy feedstocks: switchgrass, reed canarygrass, and alfalfa stems. Fungal isolate Coniochaeta ligniaria was inoculated into the hydrolysates to metabolize and remove inhibitory compounds prior to yeast fermentation of glucose. Switchgrass, reed canarygrass, and alfalfa stem samples were pretreated with dilute acid at 10% w/w biomass loading and subjected to bioabatement with strain NRRL30616, to prepare the material for simultaneous saccharification of cellulose and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioabatement eliminated the extended fermentation lag times associated with inhibitory compounds and observed for the unconditioned biomass hydrolysates controls. Bioabatement was as effective as lime conditioning at reducing fermentation lag times. Prolonged incubations with the bioabatement microbe resulted in consumption of some glucose and reduced production of ethanol.
Baseplate for two-stage cranial mounting of BMI connectors

Objective. Intracortical electrode arrays provide the best spatial and temporal resolution signals for brain–machine interfaces. Wireless technologies are being developed to handle this information capacity, but currently the only means to deliver neural information from the implant to a signal processing unit is by a physical connection starting at a skull-mounted connector. The failure rate of the attachment of these connectors is significant. In this study we report an improvement to the traditional connectors. Approach. We have designed and applied an intermediary mounting plate that incorporates several features that provide better, more stable fixation to the skull: (1) wide legs allowing distribution of loading forces and distancing the intracranial screws from the skin interface, (2) a thin shelf to allow early osseointegration, (3) a concave interior to accommodate the curvature of the cranium, and (4) two-stage fixation process providing time for osseointegration prior to the application of loading forces from the connector. Main results. Six baseplates, over four design iterations, have now been tested in three non-human primates. The baseplates are associated with a substantially lower attachment failure rate. Significance. Our baseplate design improves on the current skull-mounted connectors, leading to better outcomes for subjects and fewer catastrophic failure events that can terminate resource intensive intracortical recording experiments.
Mortality in the Medicare Population and Chronic Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution in Urban Centers (2000–2005)

BackgroundProspective cohort studies constitute the major source of evidence about the mortality effects of chronic exposure to particulate air pollution. Additional studies are needed to provide e...
SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS FROM FISSION PRODUCT MIXTURES

Specific activities of radioactive elements at the time of chemical separation from fission product mixtures produced by thermal neutron fission of235U were computed byBateman's and other equations on an electronic computer. Computations were made for two fission times: fission was assumed to be complete in a few minutes in one case, and over a period of a year in the other case. It was also assumed that each element was separated instantly after allowing the fission products to decay for 1∼10 000 000 hrs (1 140 years). The computations were applied to 12 important elements: Ru, Zr, Nb, Cs, Sr, Pm, Tc, Ba, La, Ce, Kr and Y. Results are given as a diagram for each element. The diagrams are intended to be helpful in the chemical processing of a large quantity of fission products, and industrial or tracer application of these elements.
Implications for the origin of Hawaiian volcanism from a converted wave analysis of the mantle transition zone

Abstract The debate over the origin of intraplate volcanism has been ongoing since the discovery of age-progression at oceanic “hotspots.” The causes of such anomalous volcanic activity have been attributed to either deep-seated thermal plumes in the convecting mantle or shallower causes such as lithospheric structure and deformation or localized mantle flow. Data from the Hawaiian Plume–Lithosphere Undersea Melt Experiment (PLUME) have made it possible to provide detailed images of upper mantle heterogeneity beneath the Hawaiian Islands with much greater resolution than previous experiments. Using receiver function analysis, we determine the depth to and topography along the mantle transition zone discontinuities. Our results indicate that the 410-km discontinuity deepens from northwest to southeast beneath the Hawaiian Islands, corresponding to an average thermal anomaly of ∼325 K located beneath and southeast of the Big Island of Hawaii. In general, temperatures remain elevated by at least ∼150 K directly beneath the Big Island, as far as 200 km away from the hottest measurement inferred from the discontinuity structure. Heterogeneity at these length scales raises questions about rheology, convective circulation, and melt transport in the mantle. Our results also robustly indicate the presence of a low-velocity converter in the deep upper mantle, which carries additional implications for melt transport, volatile budget, and chemical composition of the hotspot source.
Morel-Lavallée lesion of the elbow with ultrasound and MRI correlation.

Morel-Lavallee lesions are hemolymphatic, nonanatomic fluid collections that result from a separation of the subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia. Ultrasound and MRI characteristics of such lesions have been previously described and can be helpful in establishing a diagnosis and guiding clinical management. We present a case of a Morel-Lavallee lesion of the elbow, with ultrasound and MRI correlation, which has not been reported in the radiology literature heretofore.
Temporal and spatial patterns of wetland sedimentation, West Tennessee

Abstract Dendrogeomorphic techniques were used to describe and interpret patterns of sedimentation rates at two forested wetland sites in West Tennessee. Fifty-five sampling stations were established along transects upstream and downstream from bridge structures, and 515 trees were examined for depth of sediment accretion and cored for age determination. Temporal variation in sedimentation rate may be related more to stream channelization and agricultural activity than to bridge and causeway construction. Sedimentation rates have increased substantially in the last 28 years, although channelized streams may have overall lower rates than unchannelized streams. Comparisons of sedimentation rates from deposition over artificial markers (short term) with those determined from tree-ring analysis (long-term) indicate that trends are similar where hydrogeomorphic conditions have not been altered substantially. No tendency for increased sedimentation upstream from bridges was observed. Deposition rates were inversely correlated with elevation and degree of ponding. Downstream deposition of sand splays appears to be related to flow constrictions and may be extensive. Mean overall rates of sedimentation (between 0.24 and 0.28 cm year−1), determined dendrogeomorphically, are comparable with other published rates.
Nucleosynthesis in Neutron Rich Supernova Ejecta

A nuclear reaction network of 903 different, strong and electromagnetic reactions, linking 107 chemical constituents is used to study the elements synthesized in the neutron rich material, ejected in supernova explosions. A large number of three body reactions virtually eliminates the usual bottle neck at theA=5 mass gap. For initially high temperatures and densities,T=1010K and ϱ=7×108 gm/cm3, with expansion time scales of 10−3–10−2 sec, three differentn top ratios,n/p=4,n/p=3/2, andn/p∼1, are considered for the ejected matter. In all three cases, the material synthesized is preponderantly heavy. For then/p=4 model, the conditions at the charged particle freeze-out are ideal for the ‘r-process’. The onset of this rapid neutron capture phase is explicitly shown with a sequence of time lapse abundance plots.
INHIBITION OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO) SYNTHESIS: A PRIMARY DEFECT IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH). † 178

INHIBITION OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO) SYNTHESIS: A PRIMARY DEFECT IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PH). † 178
Hyperfine Structure in Intermediate Coupling

The theory is extended to intermediate coupling and to cosine laws of force between nucleus and electron varying with different powers of their distance apart. In addition to Goudsmit's constants ${a}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, ${a}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$, there appears a third coupling constant ${a}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ for each electron, which gives energy matrix elements for the same $l$ and different $j$. The theory is in approximate agreement with observation. The gross structure is used to determine the parameters of the theory of intermediate coupling and hence $\stackrel{-}{(\frac{1}{{r}^{3}})}$. This together with ${a}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ gives nuclear magnetic moments having roughly the same value for different configurations and stages of ionization. The variation of $\frac{1}{{r}^{3}}$ as determined from gross structure shows changes in screening agreeing with those supposed to exist for ${(6s)}^{2}$ of Pb I, Tl I in order to explain the isotope shift as due to differences in nuclear radii. The discrepancies between gross structure and theory are shown to be connected with similar discrepancies in hfs and the discrepancies of the ratios $\frac{{a}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}}{{a}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ are reasonably explained by perturbations due to other configurations.
Central Transition Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Presence of Large Quadrupole Couplings: Cobalt-59 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Cobaltophthalocyanines†

The acquisition of distortion-free solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) powder line shapes from half-integer spin systems possessing large quadrupole couplings is exemplified on cobaltophthalocyanine complexes. The acquisition of ideal-like static line shapes even for megahertz-wide central transition patterns is discussed, with the aid of spin−echo sequences incorporating short and very weak radio frequency (rf) pulses. Under these conditions most of the crystallites within the bandwidth of interest are excited with essentially orientation-independent pulse angles, while the acquisition of several experiments with varying carrier frequency offsets alleviates the limited bandwidth of the excitation given by the rf pulse lengths. After this approach was tuned with the aid of quantum mechanical calculations and model compounds, it was applied to the study of diamagnetic metal centers in hexacoordinated Co(III)phthalocyanines. Solid-state 59Co NMR spectra were acquired as a function of the external m...
Quantifying the effects of averaging and sampling rates on PV system and weather data

When modeling photovoltaic (PV) system performance data, modelers typically reduce the amount of data analyzed by reducing the sampling frequency below the maximum sampling frequency of their instruments (under-sampling), averaging a number of samples together, or a combination of these two methods. A sampling frequency which is too low may not provide enough fidelity to accurately model system performance, while a sampling frequency which is too high may provide unnecessarily high data fidelity and increase file size and processing complexity. This paper strives to quantify the errors caused by reduced sampling and averaging frequencies through the comparison of modeled high temporal resolution weather data and low resolution weather data.
Agent cooperation can compensate for agent ignorance in constraint satisfaction

A team of constraint agents with diverse viewpoints can find a solution to a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) when the individual agents have an incomplete view of the problem. In this paper we present a method of solving constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) using cooperating constraint agents where each agent has a different representation of a particular CSP. Agents assist one another by exchanging information obtained during preprocessing and as a result improve problem solving efficiency. Unlike previous distributed and multiagent CSP techniques this agent-oriented technique provides fault-tolerance and redundancy. The technique is illustrated using cooperating constraint agents solving logic puzzles.
The Power of Parents: A Critical Perspective of Bicultural Parent Involvement in Public Schools. Edward M. Olivos, New York: Lang, 2006, 133 pages.

In The Power of Parents: A Critical Perspective of Bicultural Parent Involvement in Public Schools, Dr. Edward M. Olivos has added complexity yet at the same time clarity to the field of parent inv...
Early and Temporary Use of Finger Prosthetics to Aid Rehabilitation

For many, losing a digit is traumatic, and adjusting to such a loss can be challenging. Not only do patients need to adjust from an occupational, social, and functional perspective, the subsequent pain that can follow after an amputation may also be an issue. The author describes an innovative and inexpensive splinting approach to assist these patients as they adjust after a digital amputation. The splint is designed to assist with the compensatory pain that people frequently feel as they learn to reuse their hand and to give people an understanding of what it feels like to have a prosthetic digit.
Application of generalizability theory in estimating the reliability of ankle-complex laxity measurement.

Abstract Context: Generalizability theory is an appropriate method for determining the reliability of measurements obtained across more than a single facet. In the clinical and research settings, a...
Design of a ground-based optical receiver for the lunar laser communications demonstration

In this paper we present a design for a photoncounting optical receiver—based on superconducting NbN nanowire detector arrays—that will be employed in the ground terminal for the NASA Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration. The ground receiver is designed with four, 40 cm apertures, each coupled to a novel multi-mode polarization-maintaining fiber. The receiver is designed to receive a variable-rate pulse-position-modulated signal with a maximum data rate of 622 Mb/s.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Mahantango Creek Watershed, Pennsylvania, United States: Physiography and history

[1] The 420 km2 Mahantango Creek Watershed, within the Northern Appalachian Ridges and Valleys Province, is a subwatershed of the Susquehanna River, which flows to the Chesapeake Bay. Research on agricultural management and hydrologic processes controlling nonpoint source nutrient loss is conducted within a 7.3 km2 subwatershed designated WE-38. The physical watershed description and history of monitoring and research activities contained herein and the data discussed in three companion papers are intended to facilitate the use and interpretation of archived databases on the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service's Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds—Agricultural Research Data System (STEWARDS) Web site. Sources for regional geospatial data not maintained on STEWARDS are also identified.
Design and development of a short-period superconducting undulator at the APS

A planar superconducting undulator (SCU) with a period of 15 mm is under development at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The SCU is designed to achieve a peak field of 0.8 T on the beam axis for an 8 mm pole gap and a current density in the coil of 1.0 kA/mm/sup 2/. Short sections of low-carbon-steel cores with 12 and 22 periods were fabricated, and coil windings were completed with NbTi superconducting wire. After "training" by means of quenches, the SCUs were able to charge up to near the critical current density j/sub c/ of 1.43 kA/mm/sup 2/. Using a thin-film heater attached to the inner surface of a vacuum chamber wall, steady-state heat fluxes were applied to the coil/pole face of the 12-period SCU in 4.2 K liquid He (LHe). The heat flux densities needed to quench the SCU were measured. At 0.998j/sub c/ and 0.8j/sub c/ the thermal stability margins were about 1.3 mW/mm/sup 2/ and 2 mW/mm/sup 2/, respectively. The thermal stability margin of the SCU was affected by the latent heat of vaporization of LHe.
R.S. Elliott and his impact at UCLA

Summary form only given. Elliott's career, particularly since he joined UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), is described. His impact on establishing an electromagnetics group and in founding the Electrical Engineering Department is discussed, with an emphasis on his academic and professional achievements. >
Effects of web document evolution on genre classification

The World Wide Web is a massive corpus that constantly evolves. Classification experiments usually grab a snapshot (temporally and spatially) of the Web for a corpus. In this paper, we examine the effects of page evolution on genre classification of Web pages. Web genre refers to the type of the page characterized by features such as style, form or presentation layout, and meta-content; Web genre can be used to tune spider crawling re-visits and inform relevance judgments for search engines. We found that pages in some genres change rarely if at all and can be used in present-day research experiments without requiring an updated version. We show that an old corpus can be used for training when testing on new Web pages, with only a marginal drop in accuracy rates on genre classification. We also show that features found to be useful in one corpus do not transfer well to other corpora with different genres.