cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some guiding assumptions and a theoretical model for developing culturally specific preventions with Native American people

This author proposes six basic assumptions to guide the development of prevention research partnerships between Native American communities and non-Native American prevention researchers. He also presents a five-stage theoretical model for the development of culturally specific prevention research. The theoretical model addresses the need for: (a) the cultural translation of key prevention constructs pertaining to risk and protective factors and (b) the development of measures of culturally specific risk and protective factors that will contribute to explained variance over and above that explained by traditional European models. “Cultural translation” refers to the process of adapting key variables to reflect their expression in specific social contexts. “Culturally specific risk and protective factors” refers to risk and protective factors unique to a specific culture, such as the protective effects of traditional spirituality and traditional activities in Native American cultures. The author concludes with short- and long-term goals for prevention research in Native American communities. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TGF-β Knockout and Dominant-Negative Receptor Transgenic Mice

Use of homologous recombination and transgenic technologies have provided mouse models to study the physiological roles of the three mammalian TGF-β isoforms, and their regulation in the context of th
Reprint of Pharmacological profile of progestins

Abstract The synthetic progestins used so far for contraception and menopausal hormone therapy are derived either from testosterone (19-nortestosterone derivatives) or from progesterone (17-OH progesterone derivatives and 19-norprogesterone derivatives). Among the 19-nortestosterone derivatives, the estrane group include norethisterone (NET) and its metabolites, and the gonane group include levonorgestrel (LNG) and its derivatives. The later, including desogestrel (DSG) and its derivative etonogestrel, gestodene (GES) and norgestimate (norelgestromin), have been referred to as third-generation progestins. Several newprogestins have been synthesized in the last decade and may be considered as a fourth-generation of progestins. Dienogest is referred to as a hybrid progestin being derived from the estrane group with a 17α-cyanomethyl group, and drospirenone derives from spirolactone. These two progestins have no androgenic effect but a partial antiandrogenic effect. The later exerts anti-mineralocorticoid effects. This property leads to a decreased salt and water retention and a lowering in blood pressure in users of pills containing this progestin. The 19-norprogesterone derivatives appear more specifically progestational and do not possess any androgenic, estrogenic or glucocorticoid activity. They are referred to as “pure” progestational molecules as they bind almost exclusively to the progesterone receptor (PR) and do not interfere with the other steroid receptor. This category includes, trimegestone, nomegestrol acetate and Nestorone® is not active orally but proved to be a potent anti-ovulatory agent when given in implants, vaginal rings or percutaneous gel. Non-androgenic progestins would appear neutral on metabolic factors and on the vessels and would have the advantage of avoiding acnea. Progestins with antiandrogenic properties may also be used for the treatment of women with preexisting androgen related conditions. The progestins available for therapy exhibit profound differences according to their structure or metabolites and it is inappropriate to consider the various effects of the old and new molecules as class-effects.
Epitaxial Growth and Stability of C49 TiSi2 ON Si(111).

Epitaxial TiSi2 films have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on atomically clean Si(111)-orientated substrates. The growth procedure involves the ambient temperature deposition of Ti films of 50A thickness and annealing to 800°C. In situ low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) techniques have been used to monitor the TiSi2 formation process. The epitaxial films have been identified as the C49 metastable phase by both Raman spectroscopy and electron diffraction. Plan view transmission electron microscopy shows three different connected island morphologies. The individual island structures are single crystal and are grown epitaxially with different crystallographic orientations. The orientational relationship of the largest islands is given by [311] C49 TiSi2//[112]Si and (130) C49 TiSi2//(111)Si. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) cross-section shows a coherent interface extending over several hundred angstroms.
50, 150, and 450 MHz system performance in a Colorado rocky mountain county

This paper presents the technical approach and results obtained in attempting to resolve the land mobile communications problems for a 1000 square mile mountainous county of Boulder in Colorado. The project was broken into three phases: (1) Planning and Prediction, (2) Measurements, and (3) Recommendations. In the planning and prediction phase a map study of Boulder county was made to determine the terrain characteristics and to identify potential base, repeater, and relay station sites. Line of sight path loss calculations were made of the extent of coverage of these sites assuming operation on 40, 160, and 420/MHz bands. The measurement phase was conducted by establishing at each of the four selected sites a receiver and strip chart recorder combination on each of the three bands considered in the planning stage. A transmitter vehicle, simultaneously transmitting on 41 MHz at 100 watts, 162 MHz at 60 watts, and 416 MHz at 30 watts with a 1 KHz tone at 4 KHz deviation, was then driven over 130 miles of both flat land and steep canyon road. The strip chart recorder recorded both signal level and audio received. Throughout the measurements, unity gain antennas and high sensitivity, less than 0.2 µv for 12 dB SINAD receivers were used.
New Probes for High-contrast Imaging and Manipulation of Biomolecules within Living Systems

New optical switch probes are described to reversibly control specific spectroscopic, physico-chemical and functional properties of biomolecules within living systems.
PROBLEMS AND ARTIFACTS IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF NUCLEAR ACCEPTOR SITES FOR THE AVIAN OVIDUCT PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR.

Steroid receptor complexes bind to specific nuclear acceptor sites on chromatin to induce alterations in gene expression. This paper describes many factors regulating the nuclear binding of the avian oviduct progesterone receptor. Some of these factors occur in vivo and appear to be involved in natural regulatory processes, whereas other factors are detected only in cell-free in vitro binding assays and affect the amount of nonspecific binding. Such variations in nonspecific binding in vitro could cause misinterpretation of cell-free nuclear binding data and could lead to erroneous identification of nuclear acceptor sites for other steroid receptors in other animal tissues.
BDSM: A Subcultural Analysis of Sacrifices and Delights

This is a qualitative investigation of 73 individuals in the Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sado-Masochism subculture. There is tremendous stigma attached to this subculture, and while the academic community may be increasingly accepting, the general public is not as accepting or knowledgeable. Fear of negative consequences means that many engage in secrecy and concealment strategies as protective measures. Although there is much literature on the possible consequences and the reasons for concealment, there remain gaps. Our findings reveal how many conceal to cover up or to hide what outsiders may consider immoral or otherwise unacceptable behavior. Others conceal as a means to create a distinction for themselves as part of a secret subculture. Whatever their reasons, those in this subculture engage in a variety of strategies to manage their identity and to minimize their vulnerability.
A modified MRP for a production system with the coexistence of MRP and kanbans

Abstract This paper deals with MRP treatments of the coexistence of MRP and kanban systems. In practical applications, MRP and kanban can both exist in a factory. When a production system contains parts managed by an MRP system and parts managed by a kanban system, MRP needs to have a special way of dealing with those parts managed by the kanban system in order to provide accurate gross demand data for the MRP system. A modified MRP for treating parts ordered through kanbans with the coexistence of MRP and kanbans is proposed. Along with two other existing methods (one by Karmarkar and another by a major tractor company), three methods are compared in a GPSS simulation study. Empirical results regarding inventory and shortages from the simulation study showed that both the proposed modified MRP and Karmarkar's methods of dealing with parts ordered by kanbans performed quite well. This research study suggests two effective lot-sizing rules to be used in MRP part explosion for kanban-controlled stages of a production system in which some stages are controlled by kanbans and other stages by MRP releases. The simulation study established empirical evidence for the effectiveness of these two lot sizing rules.
Conditioned taste aversion induced by estradiol pellets.

Abstract In two experiments, ovariectomized rats were given a novel diet prior to the implantation of a fused pellet of estradiol (E2 pellet). In short-term (3 weeks) ovariectomized rats, the suppression of food intake induced by estrogen was not affected by the introduction of the novel diet. However, a sensitive two-choice preference test revealed that subjects implanted with the E2 pellet had a lesser preference for the novel diet than controls implanted with the vehicle pellet. In long-term (18 weeks) ovariectomized rats, implantation of the E2 pellet had a large effect on the consumption of the novel diet. Intake was reduced to less than 1 g in all subjects on Days 3–7 after E2 pellet implantation. A subsequent two-choice preference test indicated the presence of a strong aversion to the novel diet in the estradiol-treated rats relative to the controls. These experiments show that estradiol can induce conditioned taste aversions that have either no effect on intake or totally suppress food intake, depending upon postovariectomy time.
ESTRADIOL RAPIDLY MODULATES ODOR RESPONSES IN MOUSE VOMERONASAL SENSORY NEURONS

In rodents, many social behaviors are driven by the sense of smell. The vomeronasal organ (VNO), part of the accessory olfactory system mediates many of these chemically driven behaviors. The VNO is heavily vascularized, and is readily accessible to circulating peptide or steroid hormones. Potentially, this allows circulating hormones to alter behavior through modulating the output of the primary sensory neurons in the VNO, the vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs). Based on this, we hypothesized that steroid hormones, in particular 17β-estradiol, would modulate activity of VSNs. In this paper, we show that the estrogen receptors, GPR30 and ERα, were present in VSNs and that estradiol may be synthesized locally in the VNO. Our results also showed that 17β-estradiol decreased responses of isolated VSNs to dilute urine, a potent natural stimulus, with respect to current amplitudes and depolarization. Further, 17β-estradiol increased the latency of the first action potential (AP) and the AP amplitude. Additionally, calcium responses to sulfated steroids (present in the low molecular weight fraction of urine) that act as ligands for apical vomeronasal receptors were decreased by 17β-estradiol. In conclusion, we show that estradiol modulates odorant responses mediated by VSNs and hence paves the way for future studies to better understand the mechanisms by which odorant mediated behavior is altered by endocrine status of the animal.
Differences in RDS trafficking, assembly and function in cones versus rods: insights from studies of C150S-RDS

Cysteine 150 of retinal degeneration slow protein (RDS) mediates the intermolecular disulfide bonding necessary for large RDS complex assembly and morphogenesis of the rim region of photoreceptor outer segments. Previously, we showed that cones have a different requirement for RDS than rods, but the nature of that difference was unclear. Here, we express oligomerization-incompetent RDS (C150S-RDS) in the cone-dominant nrl(-/-) mouse. Expression of C150S-RDS leads to dominant functional abnormalities, ultrastructural changes, biochemical anomalies and protein mislocalization in cones. These data suggest that RDS complexes in cones are more susceptible to disruption than those in rods, possibly due to structural or microenvironmental differences in the two cell types. Furthermore, our results suggest that RDS intermolecular disulfide bonding may be part of RDS inner-segment assembly in cones but not in rods. These data highlight significant differences in assembly, trafficking and function of RDS in rods versus cones.
Motion of liquid droplets on a superhydrophobic oleophobic surface

Developing a superhydrophobic oleophobic material is achieved by two criteria: low surface energy and properly designed surface morphology. The relationships among surface tensions, contact angles, contact angle hystereses, roll-off angles, and surface morphologies of such materials are studied. Numerical formulae related to the surface energy of liquids and solids are used to predict the wetting behavior of superhydrophobic and oleophobic materials. Using chemical and geometrical modifications, a superhydrophobic oleophobic surface was prepared. Good agreement between the predicted and measured contact angles and roll-off angles were obtained. The effect of the contact angle hysteresis on the roll-off angle is described to understand the motion of a droplet when the droplet begins to roll off.
Dynamic response of tubular joints with an annular void subjected to a harmonic axial load

Abstract Dynamic responses of adhesively bonded tubular joints subjected to a harmonic axial load were evaluated with the use of a shear lag model. Adherents were assumed to be elastic and the adhesive was taken to be a viscoelastic material. Effects of tubular joint geometries, material properties and adhesive properties on the dynamic response of the system were investigated. The results showed that the system response was sensitive to the adhesive loss factor. The system response was little affected by the presence of a central annular void in the bond area for void size less than 40% of the overlap length. This was especially pronounced for joints using adhesives with a larger loss factor (viscous damping). The distribution of shear stress amplitude in the joint area was obtained. The maximum shear stress was confined to the edge of the overlap for all applied loading frequencies. For the adhesive and adherents’ properties and geometries investigated, the maximum shear stress amplitude in the joint area was little affected by the presence of a central annular void covering up to 40% of the overlap length. However, for a void larger than 40% of the overlap length, the maximum shear stress might increase or decrease with an increase in the void size. This was related to the applied loading frequency and the changes in the system resonance frequencies.
Leading radiative corrections for atoms in the Dirac-Fock approximation

Abstract Previous work by the first two authors, in which analytical expressions were obtained for the low virtual photon frequency (Bethe log and constant log) contributions to leading radiative corrections in the Dirac-Fock (DF) approximation of many-electron atoms, has been extended to all leading radiative corrections, including those contributed by high virtual photon frequencies. The photon cutoff frequency cancels out when the low and high frequency contributions are combined. The resulting analytic expressions have a simple structure. They can be divided into contributions from core and valence electrons and photon exchange between valence and core electrons. The results obtained correspond in some detail to those obtained many years ago in leading order for positronium, Helium and Hydrogen (including leading recoil effects in radiative corrections for the latter). Leading next order αZ corrections are also obtained, so that extension of the results to isoelectronic sequences of atoms with moderate values of Z can also be considered.
Electrical Transport and Structural Properties of Bulk As-Te-I, As-Te-Ge, and As-Te Chalcogenide Glasses

A variety of compositions of glass in the As-Te-I, As-Te-Ge, and As-Te chalcogenide series have been prepared and structurally analyzed. The analytical techniques included x-ray powder diffraction, density determinations, and differential-scanning-calorimetry experiments. The temperature dependence of the Hall mobility, Seebeck coefficient, and dc conductivity was determined for six representative alloy compositions. The Hall mobility was found to be $n$-type, low, and activated with nearly equal activation energies in each case. The conductivity mobility was deduced from the $p$-type Seebeck coefficients and the conductivity measurements to have an activated character with a characteristic energy of 0.19 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.02 eV for all the measured compositions. These results appear to be inconsistent with the familar Cohen-Fritzsche-Ovshinsky (CFO) picture for transport in amorphous semiconductors, and a new model for conduction in these glasses is proposed. This model involves the hopping of holelike small polarons between sites associated with a common As-Te structural entity which is postulated to be present in all the alloys measured here. The sign, magnitude, and temperature dependence of the dc conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall mobility are all consistent with this model.
Determination of enterostatin in human cerebrospinal fluid by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection.

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is described for quantification of enterostatin (Val-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg), a pentapeptide involved in appetite regulation and insulin secretion. Enterostatin and two other pentapeptides belonging to the enterostatin family (i.e. Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg and Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg) were well separated from each other. The peptides were fluorescently tagged with naphthalene-2,3- dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in the presence of methanol as an organic modifier. Coupled with LIF detection, the method had a detection limit of 4.8 × 10–6 M for enterostatin. The relative standard deviation was to be 4.0% from five determinations of enterostatin at 37.2 μM in a human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample. Twenty-three human CSF samples were analyzed. The level of enterostatin ranged from 24 μM to 51 μM with a mean (± SEM) value of 41.7 ± 2.0 μM.
Stress fields and energy release rates in cross-ply laminates

A method to model the thermoelastic response of flat laminated composites using a large radius axisymmetric hollow layered cylinder model is presented. An axisymmetric concentric cylinder model and a flat laminate model, each based on Reissner's variational principle with equilibrium stress fields, are compared. The stress components and the governing equations of the axisymmetric concentric cylinder formulation for a cylinder of infinite radius are shown analytically to be equivalent to the flat laminate formulation. Numerical results for the axisymmetric free edge stress field are shown to be nearly identical to the flat laminate free edge stress field solution. Selected results for the elastic stress fields and energy release rates in composite laminates with free edge and/or internal delaminations and transverse cracking are presented.
Tortuosity of lightning

Abstract Characteristics of lightning tortuosity from a number of investigations are studied, and the tentative conclusion reached is that tortuosity stems primarily from a lack of electric field directivity at the head of the lightning flash leader. There is strong evidence that the tortuosity of a lightning flash is polarity-dependent, and the influence of an induced junction leader on the initial oncoming leader is indicated.
Evaluation of Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extraction procedures for plant nutrients in acid mineral soils of florida

Increasing number of soil testing laboratories in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern states of the United States are adopting Mehlich-3 (M-3) as the official extraction procedure in place of Mehlich-1 (M-1) or the dilute double acid method. Several studies have indicated that the M-3 has at least equivalent if not better extractability, particularly of micronutrients in the acidic and mineral soils in these regions. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the two Mehlich procedures and to provide conversion equations from M-1 to M-3 procedure. This is expected to serve as an estimate of nutrient availabilities particularly by the extension personnel and crop professionals evaluating different test procedures. A set of 519 mineral soil samples received at the UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory were selected and assayed with both M-1 and M-3 extracting solutions. The concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mang...
Potential impacts of an Emission Control Area on air quality in Alaska coastal regions

Abstract The Alaska-adapted WRF/Chem was used to examine the benefits of the proposed North American Emission Control Area (ECA) for air quality along the Alaska coasts. Simulations were performed alternatively assuming the emissions of 2000, and the emissions of 2000 reduced by the proposed ECA-reductions. In response to the emission reductions, reductions in sulfur (nitrogen) compounds reached up to 9 km (2 km) height. Reductions of sulfate- and nitrate-in-clouds were highest at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. The strongest reductions occurred over the ECA and the international sea-lanes for sulfur- and nitrogen-compounds, respectively. Along the Gulf of Alaska, sulfur- and nitrogen-compound concentrations decreased significantly in response to the reduced ship-emissions. They decreased over Alaska despite of unchanged emissions in Alaska. PM 2.5 -speciation only marginally changed in response to the reduced ship-emissions.
Twenty-Five Years of Progress in Understanding Major Infectious Diseases of Dairy Cattle

Abstract Disease, whether it occurs in cats, cattle, caribou, or other species, is the manifestation of insult to the structural or functional integrity of the living being. Infection may occur with or without evidence of disease. Disease may represent only the "tip of the iceberg" of infection. Prevalence of disease is the proportion of a defined population that meets specific criteria at a point in time, and incidence refers to the proportion of a defined population in which the onset occurs during a specifiable interval. Risk is an instantaneous rate of incidence. Prevalence, incidence, and risk in infectious diseases are quantitative inferences derived from assessment of implications — caveats derived from variables that often are elusive, such as antibiotic resistance to plasmid mediated determinants transferable between species of enteric bacteria, or such as increases in population density among insect vectors influenced by climatic conditions favorable to the insects. Carefully orchestrated manipulation of the etiologic agent or the host response is made possible by ever-expanding understanding of the molecular biology of pathogenicity on the one hand and cellular and humoral immunity on the other. Such understanding often leads to new caveats or destroys old ones based on incomplete information. This paper deals with a selected limited number of infectious diseases of dairy cattle. Knowledge developed around the cited parameters in 13 infectious diseases during the past quarter century is brought into focus. Ten geographically dispersed specialists in infectious diseases of cattle were asked to identify priorities among the array of transmissible diseases important to North America. Except for the mastitis syndrome, which will be given special attention elsewhere in these anniversary papers, the diseases discussed are those wherein major advances in knowledge or major needs for advanced knowledge were of special importance.
Food Safety: Old Habits, New Perspectives.

Anyone who works in food safety sooner or later discovers that one of the most valuable tools for prevention is simply reading about and understanding how past outbreaks have occurred. Using major and frequently famous or at least newsworthy outbreaks, Phyllis Entis in Food Safety: Old Habits, New Perspectives illustrates how critical factors come together to produce tragic and largely preventable results. This nicely written reference book reads more like an engaging novel in some ways, complete with bad guys (pathogens and sometimes careless corporations) and good guys (intrepid and resourceful outbreak investigators). The author’s unique style, usually avoided in science writing but appropriately used here, tells the tale of modern food safety issues so well that the book, literally, is difficult to put down. Each of the 17 chapters covers a different food safety principle, illuminating how modern microbes often team up with old practices, short-sighted decisions, or current consumer trends to produce an outbreak. Chapters conclude with a concise “lessons learned” summary, such as this conclusion from Chapter 3: “Whether it’s serotype Enteritidis in eggs or C. botulinum in eggplant, the challenge is the same. Recipes that do not include an adequate final cooking step have become increasingly popular with consumers and can be a significant source of food-borne illness.” One of the few downsides of this book is that it does leave the reader with the somewhat sensational impression that most food businesses are out to get the consumer. While the examples of greed and negligence are true, positive examples of good corporate behavior could have illustrated prevention and better balanced the portrayal of the food industry. Despite this small drawback, the tables are “one-stop shopping” for anyone looking for lists of outbreaks, and the fact boxes inserted here and there provide marvelous tidbits of information. A “who’s who” of microbes at the end of the book is an added bonus. Whether someone is preparing to teach a food safety course, looking for information about how and why outbreaks occur, or trying to get the facts on a critical food safety event, this author has already done all of the homework. For any food safety professional who has ever dreamed of the ultimate literature search, the references at the end of each chapter are breathtaking. This book is a must-have for any serious food safety professional.
An Exploration of Factors Contributing to the Perceptions of Preparedness for Elementary Candidates in a Clinically Based Program

A quantitative, descriptive research model was used to investigate the perceptions of teacher candidates in a clinically based dual certification program regarding their culminating student teaching experience. Data consisted of candidates’ responses to both multiple choice and open ended survey items. Results indicated that teacher candidates within an undergraduate program leading to state teaching certification in both elementary and collaborative teaching (K-6) had positive perceptions regarding their preparedness as a result of prior experiences working in K-6 classrooms (44%) and interactions with in-service teachers (28%). In addition, teacher candidates perceived strong relationships with their university supervisors reporting that they received a greater amount of encouragement and feedback for improved teaching from their university supervisors than from their cooperating teachers.
Study of high NA imaging with polarized illumination

High Numerical Aperture (NA) imaging with polarized illumination has been proposed as one of the solutions of the 65nm technology node and beyond. Aerial image simulations and experimental exposure results 1, 2 confirmed the advantage of the polarized illumination for high NA imaging. However, impact of imperfection of the polarization status upon imaging performance has not yet been fully investigated. We have studied the impact of error of the polarized illumination upon imaging performance including CD (critical dimension line width) variation and pattern displacements. We define parameter “Degree of Specific Polarization” (DSP) that shows how close the polarization status is to the ideal status. For a conventional illumination setting, Zernike polynomials are used to describe distribution of DSP across the illumination pupil and Zernike annular polynomials are used for a dipole (bow tie) illumination setting. Degradation of the imaging performance for each Zernike term is estimated using a vector-model aerial-image simulator, which is one of our in-house software, and allowable range of each Zernike term for DSP is investigated.
Min-max vs. max-min flow control algorithms for optimal computer network capacity assignment

Abstract The theory for optimally assigning capacities to the links of a store forward computer communication network is developed by the minimization of the maximum of two groupings of all link capacities previously assigned to the network. The MIN-MAX and MAX-MIN Algorithms developed have both local and global properties. The basic mathematical structure of the local section of the MIN-MAX Algorithm is derived from the Lagrange Multiplier technique for minimizing convex functions, or the Kuhn-Tucker method for constrained minimization solutions, and the constraints imposed by the functional structure definitions. Since the MIN-MAX Algorithm attains the optimal minimized delay assignment by minimization of the Min-Max assignment, the aspects of its relation to the MAX-MIN Algorithms, the Min-Max inequality and the of both algorithms offers an option for considering all possible, allowed link assignment combinations (2n - 2) of the n capacities available to further minimize delay.
Studies on terminal differentiation of rat renal proximal tubular cells in culture: ouabain-sensitive K and Na transport.

We have studied the ontogeny of Na-K ATPase-mediated Na and K transport in rat renal proximal tubular cells using electron probe analysis. The cells were cultured from kidneys of 10-day-old, young (Y), and 40-day-old, adult (A) rats. Before an experiment cells were Na-loaded and K-dcpleted by incubation in K-free medium. The maximum rate of ouabain-sensitive Na and K transport was measured after reactivating the Na-K pump by transferring the cells from K-free medium to medium containing 5 mM K. In cells cultured for 2 days, ouabain-sensitive Na and K net initial transport rates were significantly higher in A than in Y cells. Between 2 and 4 days in culture there was a significant decrease in ouabain-sensitive Na and K transport rates in both Y and A cells. From 2 to 4 days of culture there was, in Y but not in A cells, a significant decrease in K/Na ratio. The decrease in K/Na ratio was due to a significant increase in Na content. After incubation in K-free medium, net intracellular solute accumulation was observed in A and Y cells cultured for 4 days but not in A and Y cells cultured for 2 days. In conclusion, maximal Na- and K-pump-mediated transport increases during terminal differentiation. This increase can be measured in cells cultured for 2 days. With longer time in culture, Na K pump activity decreases and the difference between A and Y cells is not measurable. We had previously observed that net Na and K permeabilities decrease from 2 to 4 days in culture in A but not in Y cells. In Y cells cultured for 4 days, a decrease in pump activity without a change in Na and K permeability causes an increase in intracellular Na content.
Glioblastoma arising in a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.

Abstract Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome is a rare developmental disorder marked by the congenital absence of the uterus and vagina. The syndrome has been associated with tumors of the female reproductive system, but rarely in other organ systems and to our knowledge, never in the brain. We report a glioblastoma in a 34-year-old patient with Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Textiles and Apparel

The purpose of this issue is to encourage an understanding and appreciation of the contribution of teaching and learning scholarship. The introduction to this focused issue explores teaching and le...
Hydroxyurea induces the eNOS-cGMP pathway in endothelial cells

Hydroxyurea is a cell-cycle-specific drug that has been used to treat myeloproliferative diseases and sickle cell anemia. We have recently shown that hydroxyurea, like nitric oxide (NO)-donor compounds, increased cGMP levels in human erythroid cells. We show now that hydroxyurea increases endothelial-cell production of NO; this induction of NO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human bone marrow endothelial cell line (TrHBMEC) is blocked by competitive inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS), such as NG-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) and NG-nitro-l-arginine. It is dependent on cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) activity. We found that hydroxyurea dose- and time-dependently induced rapid and transient phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 in a PKA-dependent manner; inhibitors of PKB/Akt could partially abrogate this effect. In addition, hydroxyurea induced cAMP and cGMP levels in a dose-dependent manner, as well as levels of intracellular calcium in HUVECs. These studies established an additional mechanism by which rapid and sustained effects of hydroxyurea may affect cellular NO levels and perhaps enhance the effect of NO in myeloproliferative diseases. (Blood. 2006;108:184-191)
Tunable stiffness scanning microscope probe

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been an important tool to image and manipulate micro/nano scale structures. The measurement is based on the optical detection of a very small deflection of a flexible cantilever while traveling near the sample surface. However, the use of a cantilever with a sharp oxidized conical tip is quite costly, very difficult to scale up and unable to scan variable hardness surfaces, such as cell membranes in vivo. A concept of in-plane probe tip is developed. It has a carbon nanotube tip, built-in actuator and a tip deflection sensor, all assembled in the same plane. Most of all, an in-plane probe design would enable the stiffness of the probe to become tunable by using MEMS clutched springs. This allows a continuous measurement of samples with inhomogeneous surface hardness without changing the probe in the middle of a measurement.
Instruction Offloading with HMC 2.0 Standard: A Case Study for Graph Traversals

Processing in Memory (PIM) was first proposed decades ago for reducing the overhead of data movement between core and memory. With the advances in 3D-stacking technologies, recently PIM architectures have regained researchers' attentions. Several fully-programmable PIM architectures as well as programming models were proposed in previous literature. Meanwhile, memory industry also starts to integrate computation units into Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC). In HMC 2.0 specification, a number of atomic instructions are supported. Although the instruction support is limited, it enables us to offload computations at instruction granularity. In this paper, we present a preliminary study of instruction offloading on HMC 2.0 using graph traversals as an example. By demonstrating the programmability and performance benefits, we show the feasibility of an instruction-level offloading PIM architecture.
Olanzapine versus placebo: results of a double-blind, fixed-dose olanzapine trial.

Olanzapine is a potential new “atypical” antipsychotic agent. This double-blind, acute phase study compared two doses of olanzapine [1 mg/day (Olz1.0); 10 mg/day (Olz10.0)] with placebo in the treatment of 152 patients who met the DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia and had a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)-total score (items scored 0–6) ≥24. In overall symptomatology improvement [BPRS-total score and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-total score], Olz10.0 was statistically significantly superior to placebo. In positive symptom improvement (PANSS-positive score, BPRS-positive score), Olz10.0 was statistically significantly superior to placebo. In negative symptom improvement (PANSS-negative score), Olz10.0 was statistically superior to placebo. Olz 1.0 was clinically comparable to placebo in all efficacy comparisons. The only adverse event to show an overall statistically significant incidence difference was anorexia (reported for 10% of placebo-treated and 0% of Olz10.0-treated patients). The Olz10.0-treated patients improved over baseline with respect to parkinsonian and akathisia symptoms, and these changes were comparable with those observed with placebo. There were no dystonias associated with Olz10.0 treatment. At endpoint, the incidence of patients with elevated prolactin values did not differ statistically significantly between placebo-treated and Olz10.0-treated patients. Olanzapine appears to be not only safe and effective, but a promising atypical antipsychotic candidate.
Re-Conceptualizing College and University Teaching through the Lens of Adult Education: Regarding Undergraduates as Adults.

In this paper, I advocate for enhancing critical thinking skill development in undergraduate education by taking advantage of the increased experiential maturity of today's students. I argue that many undergraduates are in fact ‘adults’, by virtue of their age or experiential maturity, and they should be educated as such. Undergraduates who have not yet transitioned into ‘adulthood’ would also benefit greatly from exposure to the adult education teaching techniques that emphasize critical thinking development. The demographics of higher education today demand a reexamination of outdated pedagogical practices. Considering college and university students to be the adults that most of them are, or soon will be, would more effectively educate all of today's undergraduate students.
Generating correlated matrix exponential random variables

In this paper, we focus on inter-arrival time autocorrelation and its impact on model performance. We present a technique to generate matrix exponential random variables that match first-order statistics (moments) and second-order statistics (autocorrelation) from an empirical distribution. We briefly explain the matrix exponential distribution and show that we can represent any empirical distribution arbitrarily closely as matrix exponential. We then show how we can incorporate an autocorrelation structure into our matrix exponential random variables using the autoregressive to anything technique. We present examples showing how we match first and second-order statistics from empirical distributions and finally we show that our autocorrelation matrix exponential random variables produce more accurate performance metrics from simulation models than traditional techniques.
Hashing tree-structured data: Methods and applications

In this article we propose a new hashing framework for tree-structured data. Our method maps an unordered tree into a multiset of simple wedge-shaped structures refered to as pivots. By coupling our pivot multisets with the idea of minwise hashing, we realize a fixed sized signature-sketch of the tree-structured datum yielding an effective mechanism for hashing such data. We discuss several potential pivot structures and study some of the theoretical properties of such structures, and discuss their implications to tree edit distance and properties related to perfect hashing. We then empirically demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the overall approach on a range of real-world datasets and applications.
Diurnal warming in the tropical Pacific and its interannual variability

[1] Analyses of satellite-derived diurnal sea surface warming of the equatorial Pacific basin from 1996 through 2000 indicate that there is, in addition to seasonal changes, an east-west dipole. For roughly half the year, the western (eastern) Pacific experiences enhanced (decreased) diurnal warming: the opposite is true for the other six months. La Nina conditions in 1998 through 1999 affected the strength (but not the overall sign) of the dipole. Simple analyses using a comprehensive turbulent model indicate it is important to account for diurnal warming since the SST change over a day depends on the upper ocean changes due to diurnal warming. Since the tropical Pacific SST and east-west SST gradient is of interest to ENSO processes, ocean models that do not incorporate diurnal warming may overestimate mixing-induced cooling and the east-west SST gradient.
Ulnar neuropathy at the wrist associated with aberrant flexor carpi ulnaris insertion.

A 36-year-old man who sustained an industrial hyperextension injury of the wrist complained of dysesthesia and pain in the ulnar nerve distribution, aggravated for months by wrist movement until exploration. The operation revealed an anomalous insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon disrupting a major portion of the ulnar nerve proximal to the pisiform. The symptoms were relieved completely after neurolysis and modification of the insertion of the tendon.
Periodicity of dinucleotides in nucleosomes derived from simian virus 40 chromatin

It is thought that statistical analysis of dinucleotide periodicities can provide insight into the general features of nucleosome forming sequences. The chromatin of simian virus 40 (SV40) provides a model for a unique DNA sequence that is found in association with histones in vivo. I have therefore analyzed the periodicity of dinucleotides in a collection of cloned nucleosomal DNA fragments prepared from SV40 chromatin isolated under relatively mild conditions, in order to learn about the generality of results obtained from the statistical approach and to examine the SV40 data set in the context of models that have been proposed to explain the molecular basis of nucleosome formation. In one study, I assumed a symmetry in the distribution of dinucleotides with respect to the nucleosome dyad position and considered complementary dinucleotides to be equivalent, i.e. AA = TT and GG = CC. The results showed a periodic signal for GG/CC but not for AA/TT. purinepurine, and pyrimidine-pyrimidine dinucleotides. In a second study, the SV40 nucleosomal DNA fragments were aligned and examined with respect to the late strand of the viral genome to determine the distribution of dinucleotides in one direction. Fourier analysis revealed periodic signals for AA/TT (10.26 bp) and GG/CC (10.0 bp) and indicated that AA dominates the occurrences of AA/TT and GG dominates the occurrences of GG/CC. The results of both studies implied that there might be an asymmetry and a directionality in the distribution of certain dinucleotides in nucleosomes.
Live Transference of Surgical Subspecialty Skills Using Telerobotic Proctoring to Remote General Surgeons

Background Certain clinical environments, including military field hospitals or rural medical centers, lack readily available surgical subspecialists. We hypothesized that telementoring by a surgical subspecialist using a robotic platform is feasible and can convey subspecialty knowledge and skill to a remotely located general surgeon. Study Design Eight general surgery residents evaluated the effect of remote surgical telementoring by performing 3 operative procedures, first unproctored and then again when teleproctored by a surgical subspecialist. The clinical scenarios consisted of a penetrating right ventricular injury requiring suture repair, an open tibial fracture requiring external fixation, and a traumatic subdural hematoma requiring craniectomy. A robotic platform consisting of a pan-and-tilt camera with laser pointer attached to an overhead surgical light with integrated audio allowed surgical subspecialists the ability to remotely teleproctor residents. Performance was evaluated using an Operative Performance Scale. Satisfaction surveys were given after performing the scenario unproctored and again after proctoring. Results Overall mean performance scores were superior in all scenarios when residents were proctored than when they were not (4.30 ± 0.25 versus 2.43 ± 0.20; p Conclusions This study supports the use of surgical teleproctoring in guiding remote general surgeons by a surgical subspecialist in the care of a wounded patient in need of an emergency subspecialty operation.
The WOZ Recognizer: A Wizard of Oz Sketch Recognition System

Sketch recognition has the potential to be an important input method for computers in the coming years, particularly for STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) education. However, designing and building an accurate and sophisticated sketch recognition system is a time-consuming and daunting task. Since sketch recognition mistakes are still common, it is important to understand how users perceive and tolerate recognition errors and other user interface elements with these imperfect systems. In order to solve this problem, we developed a Wizard of Oz sketch recognition tool, the WOZ Recognizer, that supports controlled recognition accuracy, multiple recognition modes, and multiple sketching domains for performing controlled experiments. We present the design of the WOZ Recognizer and our process for representing recognition domains using graphs and symbol alphabets. In addition, we discuss how sketches are altered, how to control the WOZ Recognizer, and how users interact with it. Finally, we present an expert user case study that examines the WOZ Recognizer’s usability.
Plants on the move: Assisted migration of forest trees in the face of climate change

Abstract Climate change is impacting distributions of both fauna and flora, including many crops. In order to ensure the health and vigor of the species we depend upon for food and fiber, assisted migration strategies may need to be implemented. This is especially true for long-lived forest trees. Multinomial logit regression was used to develop a Categorical Universal Response Function (CURF) to delineate deployment zones for loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) using 15-year measurements from the Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program (WGFTIP) Geographic Seed Source Study (GSSS). The CURF uses performance categories for the response variable, and the model assigns the probabilities with which the performance for a given seed source will fall into these various categories. First and second powers of minimum temperature of the coldest month, summer precipitation, and variation measures of these two metrics at both the seed source site of origin and the test location were used as independent variables. Planted tree volume, accounting for both survival and growth, was used as the response variable. Model performance was good, with the AUC score ranging from 0.785 to 0.808, depending on (1) whether or not the variable interactions were included and (2) the variable selection criterion used (AIC or BIC). Resulting models were then applied to historic weather patterns to illustrate inferred deployment zones for three seed sources. The projected performance generally agreed with the current consensus on loblolly pine seed movement guidelines. The models developed here can be readily implemented in a Decision Support System as they (1) suggest sets of adapted loblolly pine families from which foresters can choose based on local knowledge, (2) can be easily expanded to include other variables, and (3) can be applied to outputs from projected climate scenarios to extrapolate into the future.