cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Massive Occlusion of the Main Pulmonary Artery and Primary Branches Case Report

This case of massive thrombotic occlusion of the main pulmonary artery is reported because of the size, extent, and duration of the process, because of the prominent findings leading to the correct clinical diagnosis, and, finally, because of the interesting secondary pathologic changes including myocardial infarction without significant coronary arteriosclerosis or occlusion.
Gender Differences in Love-Styles Among Adult Latino Spanish Speaking Parents Whose Children Have Been Sexually Abused by the Father

ABSTRACT Ninety-nine adult Latino Spanish speaking participants in a court mandated psychotherapeutic group program for parents whose children have been sexually abused were administered a love-attitudes scale. The men in the study are the abusers. Analysis of gender difference showed that the mean scores and endorsement patterns deviated from those in earlier research with non-sexual child-abusing males. The sexually-abusive-to-children Latino men scored significantly higher on eros and agape than women. Further research is suggested among dominant and other ethnic groups for comparative purposes.
Rationales for cancer chemotherapy with PDMP, a specific inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase

A proposed weak point in cancer cells is their need to synthesize novel or rare glucosphingolipids. It is further proposed that cancer patients be treated with a drug that slows the synthesis of glucosylceramide, the precursor of a large family of glucosphingolipids. Experimental data are furnished for chemotherapeutic and biochemical effects of PDMP, an analog of glucosylceramide and its precursor, ceramide. Promising results were obtained in the treatment of mice carrying Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and rats carrying C6 glioma cells. PDMP was found to be oxidized by cytochrome P-450, but this process could be blocked in vivo with piperonyl butoxide or cimetidine. A high level of blood glucose was found to elevate the size of rat kidneys and their content of UDP-glucose and its product, glucosylceramide. The excessive growth could be blocked by PDMP, which competes with UDP-glc for binding to glucosylceramide synthase. It is suggested that cancer patients be maintained at a low glucose level in order to slow the synthesis of glucosylceramide by tumor cells. Metabolic changes produced by PDMP in cultured cells, besides a rapid deletion of glucosphingolipids, were accumulation of the precursors (ceramide and sphingosine), loss of protein kinase C, and accumulation of diacylglycerol. It is suggested that many of the cellular changes produced by PDMP, such as loss of cell binding, are owing to existence of glucosylceramide-based “islands” floating in the outer cell surface; the islands may contain growth factor receptors and adhesion factors. An inhibitor that blocks sphingolipid synthesis, such as cycloserine, may prove to be a useful adjuvant for therapy with PDMP.
Amphibole-plagioclase equilibria: An empirical model for the relation albite+tremolite=edenite+4 quartz

Equilibria between plagioclase, calcic amphibole and quartz can be described, in part, by the relation among mineral components: NaAlSi3O8+□Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 = NaCa2Mg5AlSi7O22(OH)2+4SiO2; this relation governs the partitioning of Na between plagioclase and the A-site of coexisting amphibole. Data from natural amphibolites reveal that this partitioning is systematic and sensitive to metamorphic grade. The ideal portion of the equilibrium constant (K id = X Na, A/X□, A · X Ab) derived from natural samples is sensitive to bulk composition, inasmuch as both plagioclase and amphibole are highly non-ideal. Samples from a single outcrop have values ranging from 0.5 (X Ab=0.74) to 4.1 (X Ab=0.10). The continuous reaction, NaAlSi3O8+□Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 = NaCa2Mg5AlSi7O22(OH)2+4SiO2, proceeds to the right with increasing grade of metamorphism and for a given bulk composition, K id increases with increasing temperature. Two related discontinuous reactions, actinolite+albite=hornblende+oligoclase+quartz and actinolite+oligoclase=hornblende+anorthite+quartz, also proceed to the right with increasing metamorphic grade and result in changes in the topology of a phase diagram that describes the partitioning of Na between plagioclase and amphibole A-site. A Schreinemakers' net is presented that is consistent with natural occurrences. The results of this study should aid in the delineation of metamorphic facies within amphibolites.
Two-dimensional spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model versus nonlinear sigma model.

We study the continuum limit of the nonlinear sigma model in 2+1 dimensions and at finite temperature T, using Monte Carlo simulation on large lattices. Even though the lattice spacing vanishes, dimensional transmutation occurs which makes the correlation lengths finite. With the assumption that the sigma model and the spin-(1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model are equivalent at low T, we make contact between the two models and find that the latter model must order at T = 0. Our results are consistent with neutron-scattering experiments done on La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/. .AE
Comparative efficacy and safety of lofexidine and clonidine in mild to moderately severe systemic hypertension

The comparative efficacy and safety of lofexidine and clonidine in patients with mild to moderate systemic hypertension were evaluated. Patients who met established criteria were administered lofexidine or clonidine in a double-blind manner. The dose of either drug, along with hydrochlorothiazide if necessary, was titrated to blood pressure response or to the occurrence of side effects. Treatment with the dose established during titration was continued for 12 weeks. Blood pressure and the occurrence of side effects were evaluated during weekly clinic visits. Twenty-six patients completed all portions of the study. The decrease in blood pressure compared with that with the placebo was significant for both drugs (p less than 0.05). The daily dose of clonidine required for blood pressure control was less than that of lofexidine (p less than 0.05). Concomitant diuretic therapy was required equally as often for both drugs. Clonidine caused adverse effects more frequently than did lofexidine. The effectiveness of lofexidine is comparable to that of clonidine, but lofexidine has a lower incidence of toxicity.
Critically Assessing the Haiti Earthquake Response and the Barriers to Quality Orthopaedic Care

Background Although numerous authors have described surgical experiences following major disasters, little is known regarding the needs of and barriers to care faced by surgeons during such disasters.
N-nitroso compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Icelandic smoked cured mutton

Abstract Five samples of Icelandic smoked cured mutton were analysed for volatile N -nitrosamines, N -nitrosoamino acids, total N -nitroso content and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Levels varied considerably from sample to sample but generally the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N -nitrosamines (as judged by N -nitrosoproline, N -nitrosohydroxyproline and total N -nitroso content) varied in the same way. It is suggested that in this product the smoking procedure is responsible for both groups of contaminants and that the curing process is relatively unimportant.
Characterizing Water and Nitrogen Stress in Corn Using Remote Sensing

Interactions between water and N may impact remote-sensing-based N recommendations. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of water and N stress on reflectance from a corn (Zea mays L.) crop, and to evaluate the impacts of implementing a remote-sensing-based model on N recommendations. A replicated N and water treatment factorial experiment was conducted in 2002,2003, and 2004. Yield losses due to water (YLWS) and N (YLNS) stress were determined using the 13 C discrimination (A) approach. Reflectance data (400-1800 nm) collected at three growth stages (V8-V9, V11-VT, and R1-R2) were used to calculate six different remote sensing indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI], green normalized vegetation index, normalized difference water index [NDWI], N reflectance index, and chorophyll green and red edge indices). At the V8-V9 growth stage, increasing the N rate from 0 to 112 kg N ha -1 decreased reflectance in the blue (485 nm), green (586 nm), and red (661 nm) bands. Nitrogen had an opposite effect in the near-infrared (NIR, 840 nm) band. At the V11-VT growth stage, reflectance in the blue, green, and red bands were lower in fertilized than unfertilized treatments. At the R1-R2 growth stage, YLWS was highly correlated (r = 0.58, P = 0.01) with red reflectance and NDVI (r = -0.61, P = 0.01), while YLNS was correlated with all of the indices except NDVI. A remote sensing model based on YLNS was more accurate at predicting N requirements than models based on yield or yield plus YLWS. These results were attributed to N and water having an additive effect on yield, and similar optimum N rates (100-120 kg N ha -1 ) for both moisture regimes.
The Cultural Divide of Discourse: Understanding How English-Language Learners' Primary Discourse Influences Acquisition of Literacy

As the minority population and achievement gap in the United States continue to grow, the rapidly increasing epidemic of leaving English-language learners (ELLs) behind is one of grave concern for educators. Due to disparities between academic Discourses and ELLs' primary Discourse, a free and equal education, as claimed by the U.S. government, may, in actuality, be far from equal and costing ELLs dearly. This article elicits thought-provoking questions relating to the ways in which ELLs' primary Discourses serve as a barrier to school success because of academic Discourses embedded within school curriculums and assessments. This article also urges teachers to identify and acknowledge the significance of the role their own Discourses play in their approach to teaching ELLs and provides strategies to link the primary Discourse of ELLs and the academic Discourse of schools.
Some properties of the injective tensor product of Lp[0,1] and a Banach space

Abstract Let X be a (real or complex) Banach space and 1 L p [0,1] ⊗ X , the injective tensor product of Lp[0,1] and X, has the Radon–Nikodym property (resp. the analytic Radon–Nikodym property, the near Radon–Nikodym property, contains no copy of c0, is weakly sequentially complete) if and only if X has the same property and each continuous linear operator from Lp′[0,1] to X is compact.
Molecular conformation of destruxin A

Abstract The peptide backbone conformation of destruxin A in CDCl3, as studied by NOESY, closely resembles its crystal conformation which was deduced by a single crystal x-ray analysis.
Isolation of rat somatotroph and mammotroph secretory granules by equilibrium density centrifugation in a linear metrizamide gradient

A procedure has been developed for separating rat somatotroph and mammotroph secretory granules from other membranous organelles. The approach devised is a 6-step procedure involving filtration and equilibrium and rate density-gradient centrifugation in Metrizamide gradients of low ionic strength. The use of Metrizamide minimizes disruption and solubilization of the contents of these granules. The majority of the somatotroph and mammotroph granules can be isolated in a gradient fraction virtually free of any mitochondria, microsomes or other secretory granules.
Endothelial injury: cause and effect of alloimmune inflammation

This review discusses the concept that endothelial cells may facilitate inflammation, but are also targets of the inflammatory response. Endothelial cells express several molecules that promote leukocyte recruitment, and other molecules, such as MHC class I that enable endothelial injury. Circulating alloantibodies produced following transplantation may also target the endothelium for injury. It has been shown that the expression of select protective genes within endothelial cells, including anti-apoptotic genes, may provide resistance to immune-mediated injury. Thus, an understanding of the mechanisms by which endothelial cells are injured and by which endothelial cells are protected is important for our understanding of allograft rejection.
Planktonic marine copepods and harmful algae

Marine planktonic copepods are important grazers on harmful algae (HA) species of phytoplankton, and copepods are major entry points for vectorial intoxication of pelagic food webs with HA toxins. Previous reviews (Turner and Tester, 1997; Turner et al., 1998a; Turner, 2006) summarized information on HA interactions with zooplankton grazers, and vectorial intoxication of pelagic food webs, up through approximately 2005. Accordingly, this review will address primarily studies published during the last decade. It will concentrate on generic issues in the developing field of HA:grazer interactions, such as the extent to which HA toxins serve as copepod grazing deterrents, induction of HA grazing deterrents by exposure to copepods, copepod selective feeding to avoid ingesting HA taxa versus non-selective feeding on HA taxa, possible biogeographic aspects of the effects of HA toxins on copepods, impact of copepod grazing on HA bloom development and termination, the role of copepods as entry points for vectorial intoxication of pelagic food webs with HA toxins, and possible reasons and remedies for the highly-variable and conflicting results reported for many studies of copepod grazing on various HA species.
Acute angiotensin II increases plasma F2-isoprostanes in salt-replete human hypertensives.

Angiotensin (Ang) II induces oxidative stress in vitro and in animal models of hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that Ang II increases oxidative stress in human hypertension, as assessed by plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations. Plasma F2-isoprostanes, hemodynamic and endocrine parameters were measured at baseline and following a 55 min infusion of 3 ng/kg/min Ang II in 13 normotensive and 13 hypertensive volunteers ingesting a high- (200 mmol/d) or low- (10 mmol/d) sodium diet. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and body mass index were higher in hypertensive subjects. Ang II infusion increased MAP (p < .001) and plasma aldosterone concentrations (p < .001) and decreased plasma renin activity (p < .001) and renal plasma flow (p < .001) to a similar extent in both groups. Plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations were similar at baseline. There was no effect of Ang II on F2-isoprostane concentrations during low-salt intake in either group (normotensive 51.7 ± 7.1 to 53.7 ± 6.5 pg/ml and hypertensive 52.2 ± 8.2 to 56.2 ± 10.0 pg/ml; mean ± SE). During high-salt intake, Ang II increased F2-isoprostane concentrations in the hypertensive group (52.3 ± 7.2 to 63.2 ± 10.4 pg/ml, p = 0.010) but not in the normotensive group (54.2 ± 4.4 to 58.9 ± 6.6 pg/ml, p = 0.83). Acute Ang II infusion increases oxidative stress in vivo in hypertensive humans. The renin-angiotensin system may contribute to oxidative stress in human cardiovascular disease.
Development and maturation of postural reflexes in normal kittens

In order to evaluate neurologic development, postural reflexes were tested in normal kittens from birth through 7 weeks of age until stable adult patterns of performance were attained. These reflex tests included: body and air righting, visual placing, chin placing, tactile placing, hopping, and locomotion. A protocol for scoring responses was designed for each individual reflex to differentiate their progression. The first reflexes to mature were visual placing, chin placing, and body righting which attained a maximal score during the 3rd week of life. This was followed by maturation of the forelimb hopping reflex and independent locomotion during the 4th week. Forelimb tactile placing responses, hind limb hopping reflexes, and air righting developed by the 5th week. Hind limb tactile placing responses were the last to mature. They became fully expressed in the 6th week. The pattern of ontogeny of these reflexes proceeded in a cephalocaudal direction. This is in agreement with earlier observations of others who correlated the maturation of reflex responses in kittens with myelination in the central nervous system.
Role of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling and Expansion of Progenitor Cells in Regenerating Liver

Adult hepatic progenitor cells are activated during regeneration when hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium are damaged or unable to proliferate. On the basis of its role as a tumor suppressor and in the potential malignant transformation of stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma, we investigated the role of key transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling components, including the Smad3 adaptor protein β2-Spectrin (β2SP), in liver regeneration. We demonstrate a streaming hepatocyte-specific dedifferentiation process in regenerating adult human liver less than 6 weeks following living donor transplantation. We then demonstrate a spatial and temporal expansion of TGF-β signaling components, especially β2SP, from the periportal to the pericentral zone as regeneration nears termination via immunohistochemical analysis. This expansion is associated with an expanded remaining pool of octamer 3/4 (Oct3/4)-positive progenitor cells localized to the portal tract in adult human liver from more than 6 weeks posttransplant. Furthermore, disruption of TGF-β signaling as in the β2SP (β2SP+/−) knockout mouse demonstrated a striking 2 to 4-fold (P < 0.05) expanded population of Oct3/4-positive cells with activated Wnt signaling occupying an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)+/cytokeratin-19 (CK-19)-positive progenitor cell niche following two-thirds partial hepatectomy. Conclusion: TGF-β signaling, particularly β2SP, plays a critical role in hepatocyte proliferation and transitional phenotype and its loss is associated with activation of hepatic progenitor cells secondary to delayed mitogenesis and activated Wnt signaling. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
Concise review: The magic act of generating induced pluripotent stem cells: many rabbits in the hat.

Since the seminal discovery by Yamanaka et al. demonstrating that four transcription factors were capable of inducing nuclear reprogramming to a pluripotent state, a plethora of publications have followed aimed at improving the efficiency, simplicity, and safety of the original methodology that was based on the use of integrating retroviruses. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms behind reprogramming as well as an improvement in tissue culture conditions have allowed for the development of new tools based on different molecular approaches, such as excisable and nonintegrating vectors, RNA, proteins, and small compounds, among others. In most instances, a dynamic interplay exists between each method's efficiency of reprogramming versus overall safety, and these points need to be considered when choosing a particular approach. Regardless, the fast pace at which this field has advanced in recent years attracted many investigators to enter into the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) world and has made the process of nuclear reprogramming and iPSC generation a routine lab technique. STEM CELLS2012;30:28–32
Better Informed Training of Latent Syntactic Features

We study unsupervised methods for learning refinements of the nonterminals in a treebank. Following Matsuzaki et al. (2005) and Prescher (2005), we may for example split NP without supervision into NP[0] and NP[1], which behave differently. We first propose to learn a PCFG that adds such features to nonterminals in such a way that they respect patterns of linguistic feature passing: each node's nonterminal features are either identical to, or independent of, those of its parent. This linguistic constraint reduces runtime and the number of parameters to be learned. However, it did not yield improvements when training on the Penn Treebank. An orthogonal strategy was more successful: to improve the performance of the EM learner by treebank preprocessing and by annealing methods that split nonterminals selectively. Using these methods, we can maintain high parsing accuracy while dramatically reducing the model size.
Olanzapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: an open label trial.

Objective The primary goal of the study was to determine if olanzapine is effective in producing weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa. Method Twenty patients with anorexia nervosa (restricting or binge/purge subtype) without schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder enrolled in an open label study of olanzapine 10 mg. Patients attended weekly drug monitoring sessions and weekly group medication adherence sessions that provided psychoeducation. Results Eighteen patients received the drug and 14 patients completed the 10-week study. The four drop-outs had gained a mean of 3.25 lb at their last visit. Of the 14 patients who completed the study, 10 gained an average of 8.75 lb and 3 of these patients attained their ideal body weight. The remaining four patients who completed the study lost a mean of 2.25 lb. Discussion These findings are promising with clinically significant weight gain in an outpatient setting during a brief 10-week period. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 146–154, 2002.
Short-term low-salinity response in lead-exposed lobsters, Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards)

Abstract The only effect attributable solely to lead exposure (50μg·l −1 , 30 days) in lobsters, Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards), was decreased pentose shunt activity (G6PDH) in the antennal gland, which contained the greatest concentration of lead taken up by the tissues analyzed. Similarly-exposed lobsters were subsequently held for 2 days in clean, aerated sea water at either ambient or low salinity (27 or 17%., respectively), after which time the lead concentration in the antennal gland had dropped by one-third and G6PDH had returned to control values. Low-salinity effects far outnumbered lead-induced effects and were found primarily in the tail muscle, corroborating findings in an earlier study with cadmium. In that earlier study, cadmium produced more metabolic disturbance than did the lead exposure reported here. Lead exposure at low salinity abolished several normal hyposaline reactions seen in control animals.
Potent activation of human dendritic cells by chimeric CD40l/SHIV virus-like particles

Background: Dendritic cell (DC) is the most potent antigen-presenting cell with a unique ability to prime naive T and B immune cells. Interaction of CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) may enhance DC functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporation of CD40L into SHIV virus like particles (VLPs) on DC maturation, activation, and antigen presentation. Methods: Non-infectious chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs were incubated with human peripheral blood monocyte-derived DCs at 4°C for 1 h and the binding efficiency was detected by flow cytometry. DCs were treated with octadecyle rhodamine B (R18)-labeled chimeric VLPs at 37°C after binding, and the VLP internalization was studied with confocal microscopy. After treatment with chimeric VLPs for 2 days, DC surface maturation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86, CD54, HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR, DP, DQ) were analyzed by flow cytometry and cytokine production was detected by ELISA and cytometric bead array (CBA). In vitro T cell activation assay was done by incubation of chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs loaded DCs with different ratios of T cells for 2 days and IL-12 production by activated T cells were detected by ELISA. Results: DCs were 30% positive for binding chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs. The VLPs were rapidly internalized into DCs within 15 min. of incubation at 37°C. After chimeric VLPs treatment, DCs showed a 40% increase of CD80 and CD83 expression and about 2-fold increase of fluorescence intensity of CD54, HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR, DP, DQ. Furthermore, DCs treated with chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs showed about 40-fold increase of IL-12 production as well as 6-fold and 3-fold of enhancement of IFN-γ and IL-10 production, respectively. T cells treated with chimeric VLPs loaded DCs showed 6-fold of increase of IL-12 production. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs are able to efficiently bind and internalize into DCs. They significantly activate DCs by dramatic enhancement of Th1 cytokine IL-12 and IFN-γ production as well as in vitro T cell activation. This study suggests that chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLP may be a novel potent HIV vaccine candidate.
Sex-specific regulation of yolk protein gene expression in Drosophila.

Abstract Many of the genes in the regulatory hierarchy controlling sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster are known. Here we examine how this regulatory hierarchy controls the expression of the structural genes encoding the female-specific yolk polypeptides. Temperature shift experiments with a temperature-sensitive allele of the sex determination regulatory gene transformer-2 (tra-2) showed that tra-2 + function is required in the adult for both the sex-specific initiation and maintenance of YP synthesis. Control of the YP genes by this, regulatory hierarchy is at the level of transcription, or transcript stability. The results of temperature shift experiments with abdomens isolated from tra-2 ts homozygotes support the notion that the tra-2 + function acts in a cell-autonomous manner to control YP synthesis. These results provide a paradigm for the way this regulatory hierarchy controls the terminal differentiation functions for sexually dimorphic development.
Largemouth Bass Fishery Responses to Length Limits

Abstract I compiled quantitative information from published and unpublished studies that evaluated largemouth bass fishery responses to minimum-length and slot-length limits. My data set includes results from 91 evaluations conducted on 88 lakes located across the United States. Forty-nine evaluations were of minimum-length limits, and 42 were of slot-length limits. The most commonly evaluated regulations were 12- (n = 13) and 14-in (n = 14) minimum-length limits and 12- to 15-in slot-length limits (n = 23). I constructed and tested six hypotheses about largemouth bass fishery responses to minimum-length and slot-length limits. Minimum-length limits increased largemouth bass population size when all minimum-length limits were included (P = 0.034) but not when 12-in minimum-length limits were excluded. Minimum-length limits failed to increase the proportion of larger fish (proportional stock density, relative stock density) and the number and weight of fish harvested by anglers, but did increase angler cat...
What is left to be understood in ATIS

One of the main data resources used in many studies over the past two decades for spoken language understanding (SLU) research in spoken dialog systems is the airline travel information system (ATIS) corpus. Two primary tasks in SLU are intent determination (ID) and slot filling (SF). Recent studies reported error rates below 5% for both of these tasks employing discriminative machine learning techniques with the ATIS test set. While these low error rates may suggest that this task is close to being solved, further analysis reveals the continued utility of ATIS as a research corpus. In this paper, our goal is not experimenting with domain specific techniques or features which can help with the remaining SLU errors, but instead exploring methods to realize this utility via extensive error analysis. We conclude that even with such low error rates, ATIS test set still includes many unseen example categories and sequences, hence requires more data. Better yet, new annotated larger data sets from more complex tasks with realistic utterances can avoid over-tuning in terms of modeling and feature design. We believe that advancements in SLU can be achieved by having more naturally spoken data sets and employing more linguistically motivated features while preserving robustness due to speech recognition noise and variance due to natural language.
Cognitive Emotion Regulation In the Prediction of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Anger

Cognitive coping processes have long been implicated in the experience and expression of emotion. Recently, a new instrument, the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2001), was developed to measure nine different cognitive coping strategies people often use when faced with a negative event: self-blame, other blame, rumination, catastrophizing, acceptance, putting into perspective, positive refocus, refocus on planning, and positive reappraisal. Although there is substantial research exploring the relationships between these processes and depression, the research on other negative emotions is much sparser. This study addresses this limitation by exploring the relationships between the CERQ and depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Results supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the CERQ and demonstrated that, independent of respondent gender, self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal were among the most valuable predictors of negative emotions.
An Exploration of Choice Criteria Used in the Selection of a First Academic Position among New Doctorates in Marketing

The process used by a new marketing Ph.D. in selecting the first academic post is an area of great interest given the current academic job market. The present study was designed to identify the criteria which new Ph.D.s use in selecting their first academic position. Among the results of the study was the identification of three distinct orientations—"lifestyle," "career- and work-related," and "location"—which influence the selection process.
Muteness-based audio watermarking technique

Audio watermarking is a promising approach to copyright protection of audio data, especially music and songs. Several watermarking techniques have been developed and commercialized. The watermarks produced by those techniques can withstand a number of single attacks such as MPEG, resampling, filtering, and quantization. However, the watermarks are easily destroyed if subjected to chopping or multiple attacks. We present a new audio watermarking technique that provides watermark robustness not only to single attacks but also to multiple attacks and chopping.
Efficient object category recognition using classemes

We introduce a new descriptor for images which allows the construction of efficient and compact classifiers with good accuracy on object category recognition. The descriptor is the output of a large number of weakly trained object category classifiers on the image. The trained categories are selected from an ontology of visual concepts, but the intention is not to encode an explicit decomposition of the scene. Rather, we accept that existing object category classifiers often encode not the category per se but ancillary image characteristics; and that these ancillary characteristics can combine to represent visual classes unrelated to the constituent categories' semantic meanings. The advantage of this descriptor is that it allows object-category queries to be made against image databases using efficient classifiers (efficient at test time) such as linear support vector machines, and allows these queries to be for novel categories. Even when the representation is reduced to 200 bytes per image, classification accuracy on object category recognition is comparable with the state of the art (36% versus 42%), but at orders of magnitude lower computational cost.
Post-transcriptional regulation of myotube elongation and myogenesis by Hoi Polloi

Striated muscle development requires the coordinated expression of genes involved in sarcomere formation and contractility, as well as genes that determine muscle morphology. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control the early stages of muscle morphogenesis. To explore this facet of myogenesis, we performed a genetic screen for regulators of somatic muscle morphology in Drosophila, and identified the putative RNA-binding protein (RBP) Hoi Polloi (Hoip). Hoip is expressed in striated muscle precursors within the muscle lineage and controls two genetically separable events: myotube elongation and sarcomeric protein expression. Myotubes fail to elongate in hoip mutant embryos, even though the known regulators of somatic muscle elongation, target recognition and muscle attachment are expressed normally. In addition, a majority of sarcomeric proteins, including Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) and Tropomyosin, require Hoip for their expression. A transgenic MHC construct that contains the endogenous MHC promoter and a spliced open reading frame rescues MHC protein expression in hoip embryos, demonstrating the involvement of Hoip in pre-mRNA splicing, but not in transcription, of muscle structural genes. In addition, the human Hoip ortholog NHP2L1 rescues muscle defects in hoip embryos, and knockdown of endogenous nhp2l1 in zebrafish disrupts skeletal muscle development. We conclude that Hoip is a conserved, post-transcriptional regulator of muscle morphogenesis and structural gene expression.
Determinants of medicare costs for elderly patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers

Importance In the United States, nearly 8400 patients die each year from oral cavity and pharynx cancers, most of whom are 65 years and older; however, the costs attributable to these cancers are not well described. Objective To identify the primary determinants of cost in patients with oral and pharyngeal cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective cohort analysis of data from Medicare and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results hospitals (January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2005), we studied patients 66 years and older with newly diagnosed oral cavity (n = 6724) and pharyngeal (n = 3987) cancers. Main Outcomes and Measures Five-year cumulative costs, defined as Medicare Parts A and B payments, were estimated using inverse probability weighting. Linear regression analysis with inverse probability weighting was used in multivariate analyses of costs to estimate the effects of covariates on cumulative costs. Results In multivariate analyses, costs were significantly increased by demographics, comorbidities, and treatment selection. Compared with white patients, African Americans accumulated $11 450 (95% CI, $1320-$22 299) and $25 093 (95% CI, $14 917-$34 985) more in costs for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers, respectively. The presence of 1 or 2 comorbidities increased the mean 5-year cumulative costs by $13 342 (95% CI, $6248-$19 186) and $14 139 (95% CI, $6009-$22 217) for patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers, respectively. For 3 or more comorbidities, the mean 5-year cumulative costs increased by $22 196 (95% CI, $15 319-$28 614) and $27 799 (95% CI, $19 139-$36 702) for patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers, respectively. Patients who received chemotherapy accumulated a mean of $26 919 (95% CI, $18 309-$35 056) and $37 407 (95% CI, $29 971-$44 644) more in costs by 5 years for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Oral and pharyngeal cancer is burdensome to elderly patients from a Medicare cost perspective. Several factors were associated with 5-year costs, including some modifiable factors that may be potential targets for interventions to reduce overall costs.
Constraints on the degree of a sofic homomorphism and the induced multiplication of measures on unstable sets

Let f be an endomorphism of an irreducible sofic system S, where S has entropy Iog)t. The degree of f is the number d such that f is d to 1 almost everywhere. Then d divides a power of the greatest common divisor of the nonleading coefficients of the minimal polynomial of )t. Also, f multiplies the natural measure on unstable sets of generic points by a positive unit of the ring generated by 1/A and the algebraic integers of Q[A]. Related results hold for bounded to one homomorphisms of sofic systems.
Colchicine-Induced Rhabdomyolysis

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of rhabdomyolysis occurring during treatment with colchicine.CASE SUMMARY:A 44-year-old African American man was admitted to the hospital due to persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and diffuse weakness. Past medical history was significant for renal failure requiring peritoneal dialysis, gout, and a new skin lesion. Approximately 2 months prior to admission, he had been started on colchicine and allopurinol. Creatine kinase concentration on admission was >14 000 U/L. Liver function tests were elevated 5 × the upper limit of normal. Colchicine was discontinued on admission. Creatine kinase concentrations decreased significantly, and strength and ambulation improved throughout hospitalization.DISCUSSION:Colchicine was thought to be the causative factor for rhabdomyolysis in conjunction with chronic renal failure and elevated liver function tests. After discontinuation of colchicine, creatinine kinase concentrations declined and the patient's ability to walk improved. Limited case repor...
Estimating a user's degree of interest in a page during Web browsing

This paper describes the relationship between, on the one hand, operations performed by a user while browsing a Web page that seem to indicate interest in the content and, on the other hand, the user's real interest or lack of interest in that page. One way of acquiring information from a mountain of information is to use a personalization service that provides information tailored for each user. The system on which such a service is based has to learn what a user is interested in. We examined some user operations that seem to indicate interest. The results of our investigation can be used in the system in personalization service to learn about a user's degree of interest. In a preliminary survey of users' operations during Web browsing, we observed five users while they were browsing the Web and asked 26 users to complete a questionnaire about their operations during Web browsing. This preliminary survey clarified which operations indicate interest. We discuss a prototype system that detects DOM (Document Object Model) operation events in a Web browser and extracts interest-indicating operations from operation events. The prototype also estimates the user's degree of interest in a page. To evaluate the prototype, we carried out an experiment, in which 15 users participated. The results of this experiment show (1) the extracted interest-indicating operations are related to the users' actual degree of interest and (2) the estimated degree of interest to a page also reflects the user's actual degree of interest to some extent.
Osteoporosis: The state of the art in 1987: A review

Osteoporosis affects approximately 15 to 20 million people in the United States and is the underlying cause of 1.3 million new fractures per year in people over age 45. The more common risk factors recognized in this disorder are older age, female sex, white race, physical inactivity, and early menopause. We now have available equipment which can measure bone density at various sites. These include single- and dual-photon densitometry, and single and dual quantitative computed tomography. These procedures are a quantum improvement over plain x-ray in the assessment of the severity of osteoporosis, but measurement at one site may not reflect the density at other sites. The value of these techniques in screening the general population for osteoporosis remains to be demonstrated. They are valuable when used to monitor patients longitudinally to assess the progression of disease and the effects of specific therapeutic regimens. There is no established effective therapy for osteoporosis so prevention is the goal. The effectiveness of different programs of physical activity in preventing bone loss and fractures is unknown but isotonic exercises three times a week for thirty minutes is recommended. There is general agreement that adequate calcium intake is important for maintenance of skeletal integrity, but there is no proof that a high dietary calcium alone will prevent osteoporosis. Estrogen therapy clearly prevents the accelerated bone loss which occurs in all white women at the time of menopause, but the question still remains who should be started on estrogens, and within what period of time after menopause are estrogens still useful in preventing postmenopausal bone loss, and for how long do we continue hormone therapy. Many questions are left to be answered but at least now osteoporosis is recognized as a major medical problem and much research is being done to answer the above questions.
On two pairs of simultaneous dual integral equations

This paper considers a system of coupled pairs of dual integral equations with constant coefficients involving Bessel functions of orders zero and unity. A solution is obtained in terms of the coefficients by reducing the system to a single integral equation of the Wiener-Hopf type with both the sum and difference kernels present.
Population Viability Analysis

Population viability analysis is the application andstudy of extinction effects in ecological populationmodeling. Population viability analysis has importantapplications for studying the global and local extinc-tion of populations. It attempts to identify threats topopulations and then evaluate the probability that thepopulation will persist to some future time.Consider the following simple population model:Xt C1 D sXt C fXt ht 1where Xt is the number of females in the populationat time t, s is the natural survival rate, f is thefecundity rate (i.e. proportion of females that bearsurviving female offspring), and ht is the numberof females harvested under some hunting regulation.We assume that ht is under our control, but thatboth s and f are not. Suppose that t is an integerrepresenting an annual time step. Several naturalquestions that a wildlife manager might ask are:1. What is the range of natural survival rates forfemales in the population?2. What is the range of natural fecundity rates forfemales in the population?3. What harvest rate will allow the population topersist at its natural level?Population viability analysis applies population mod-eling to managing risk in such situations. Differentpopulation extinction and growth scenarios can beexamined by setting different assumptions and param-eters in model (1).Example Suppose that s varies independently fromyear to year with a Beta˛
EXPedite: a system for encoded XML processing

As XML becomes an increasingly popular format for information exchange, the efficient processing of broadcast XML data on a constrained device (for example, a cell phone or a PDA) becomes a critical task. In this paper we present the EXPedite system: a new model of data processing in an information exchange environment, which "migrates" the power of the data-sending server to receivers for efficient processing. It consists of a simple and general encoding scheme for servers, and streaming query processing algorithms on encoded XML stream for data receivers with constrained computing abilities. Experiments show the impressive performance of EXPedite.
CXCR4 drives the metastatic phenotype in breast cancer through induction of CXCR2 and activation of MEK and PI3K pathways

Aberrant expression of CXCR4 in human breast cancer correlates with metastasis to tissues secreting CXCL12. To understand the mechanism by which CXCR4 mediates breast cancer metastasis, MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells were transduced to express wild-type CXCR4 (CXCR4WT) or constitutively active CXCR4 (CXCR4ΔCTD) and analyzed in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, three-dimensional reconstituted basement membrane (3D rBM) cultures, and mice using intravital imaging. Two-dimensional cultures of MCF-7 CXCR4ΔCTD cells, but not CXCR4WT, exhibited an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characterized by up-regulation of zinc finger E box–binding homeobox 1, loss of E-cadherin, up-regulation of cadherin 11, p120 isoform switching, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and matrix metalloproteinase-2. In contrast to the 2D environment, MCF-7 CXCR4WT cells cultured in 3D rBM exhibited an EMT phenotype, accompanied by expression of CXCR2, CXCR7, CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL2, interleukin-6, and granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor. Dual inhibition of CXCR2 with CXCR4, or inhibition of either receptor with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reversed the aggressive phenotype of MCF-7 CXCR4-expressing or MDA-MB-231 cells in 3D rBM. Intravital imaging of CXCR4-expressing MCF-7 cells revealed that tumor cells migrate toward blood vessels and metastasize to lymph nodes. Thus CXCR4 can drive EMT along with an up-regulation of chemokine receptors and cytokines important in cell migration, lymphatic invasion, and tumor metastasis.
Esophageal ph monitoring during sleep identifies children with respiratory symptoms from gastroesophageal reflux

Abstract The purpose of our study was to find a reliable correlate of respiratory symptoms caused by gastroesophageal reflux in children. The 18–24-h esophageal pH recordings were examined in 27 children with documented reflux and respiratory symptoms and in 14 children with reflux and nonrespiratory symptoms. All children were 6 mo old or less and had abnormal patterns of reflux during extended esophageal pH monitoring. The mean duration of reflux during sleep, more than 2 h after feedings, provided the best separation between the respiratory and nonrespiratory symptom groups (7.3 ± 1.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9 min, p
Adsorption, separation, and catalytic properties of densified metal-organic frameworks

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the widely investigated materials of 21st century due to their unique properties such as structural tailorability, controlled porosity, and crystallinity. These exceptional properties make them promising candidates for various applications including gas adsorption and storage, separation, and catalysis. However, commercial applications of MOFs produced by conventional methods including solvothermal or hydrothermal synthesis are rather limited or restricted because they often produce fine powders. The use of MOF powders for industrial applications often results in pressure drop problems similar to the case with zeolites and limited robustness against water. To realize these materials for practical applications, densification of MOFs (by increasing pellet density) is routinely employed to form pellets, extrudates or beads to improve the overall density, volumetric adsorption, mechanical and thermal properties. However, the improvements come with some drawbacks such as reduction in overall porosity, surface area, and gravimetric adsorption capacity. Thus, optimizing the properties of densified MOF's by tuning the pellet density is very crucial for realizing these materials for industrial applications. Methods that increase the packing density in MOFs (for example by intentional interpenetration, etc.), which is different from pellet density, is not the scope of this review. In this review, the properties and applications of densified MOFs with different metal clusters and organic linkers are discussed.
Misogyny in Health Professions? An Analysis of the Dalhousie Dentistry Scandal

This commentary offers an explanation for how and why the Dalhousie Dentistry scandal could occur in a society and time where traditional gender roles are seemingly being eradicated. We use Foucault’s modes of objectification, applied to an analysis of the use of “manhood acts” and in relation to the hidden curriculum, to argue that when women threaten the authority of men in health professions, men may subconsciously look for ways to re-exert an unequal and gendered subject-object binary.