cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combining frequency doubling technology perimetry and scanning laser polarimetry for glaucoma detection

PURPOSE To determine the ability of frequency doubling technology (FDT) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDx-VCC) to detect glaucoma when used individually and in combination. METHODS One hundred ten normal and 114 glaucomatous subjects were tested with FDT C-20-5 screening protocol and the GDx-VCC. The discriminating ability was tested for each device individually and for both devices combined using GDx-NFI, GDx-TSNIT, number of missed points of FDT, and normal or abnormal FDT. Measures of discrimination included sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), Akaike's information criterion (AIC), and prediction confidence interval lengths. RESULTS For detecting glaucoma regardless of severity, the multivariable model resulting from the combination of GDx-TSNIT, number of abnormal points on FDT (NAP-FDT), and the interaction GDx-TSNIT×NAP-FDT (AIC: 88.28, AUC: 0.959, sensitivity: 94.6%, specificity: 89.5%) outperformed the best single-variable model provided by GDx-NFI (AIC: 120.88, AUC: 0.914, sensitivity: 87.8%, specificity: 84.2%). The multivariable model combining GDx-TSNIT, NAP-FDT, and interaction GDx-TSNIT×NAP-FDT consistently provided better discriminating abilities for detecting early, moderate, and severe glaucoma than the best single-variable models. CONCLUSIONS The multivariable model including GDx-TSNIT, NAP-FDT, and the interaction GDx-TSNIT×NAP-FDT provides the best glaucoma prediction compared with all other multivariable and univariable models. Combining the FDT C-20-5 screening protocol and GDx-VCC improves glaucoma detection compared with using GDx or FDT alone.
Analysis of oxidative and antioxidative levels in blood of a high-risk population of liver cancer

Objective:To investigate the role of oxidative DNA damage and antioxidants in high-risk individuals of liver cancer.Methods:Urinary 8-OHdG,serum Vitamin A,E were measured in bio-samples by HPLC.Results:In these high-risk individuals,overall urinary 8-OHdG levels were higher than in normal population,and significantly lower in males than females(P0.0001).Serum vitamin A,E levels were in the normal range of Chinese population,and serum vitamin A levels in males were significantly higher than in females(P0.0001).Serum vitamin E levels in males were significantly lower than in females(P0.0001).Meanwhile,there was a significant negative correlation between urinary 8-OHdG levels and serum vitamin A levels(r=-0.10,P=0.015).Conclusion:Oxidative DNA damage was proved to play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis.Dietary antioxidants reduced oxidative stress in high-risk individuals,and consequently decreased cancer risk of individuals in this special endemic area.
From the Berkshires to the Brocken: Transformations of a Source in "The Secret Integration" and Gravity's Rainbow

Since The Publication Of "Under the Rose" And V., Thomas Pynchon Has Been Recognized For His Ability to Use-Secondary Sources to Create A Compelling Sense Of Time And Place. While His Debts To The Guidebooks Of Karl Baedeker In Particular Have Often Been Cited, There Has Been Little Examination Of One Source Central To Pynchon's Last Published Short Story, "The Secret Integration," And To Certain Sections Of Gravity's Rainbow. Examination Of This Source Not Only Illuminates Both Of These Texts But Makes The Correlations Between Them More Apparent.
Newer approaches to the correction of urinary stress incontinence in female patients.

The Stamey method for correcting urinary stress incontinence is described in detail. It entails elevation of the urethrovesical neck with endoscopic guidance for placement of permanent heavy nylon sutures bolstered by a dacron graft. It is less invasive and causes less postoperative discomfort than several other techniques currently being used.
Effect of Bicycle Facilities on Travel Mode Choice Decisions

AbstractBicycle facilities are commonly invested in to reduce vehicle congestion, mitigate vehicle emissions, and promote physical activity by increasing the number of bicycle trips and reducing the number of vehicle trips. Although there has been a large amount of behavioral and observational research on bicyclists’ route and facility preferences and the traveling public’s mode choice decisions, there is surprisingly little evidence on the effectiveness of bicycle facilities in increasing the share of bicycling relative to vehicle use. Using a stated-preference survey, this study finds that more than two-thirds of current bicycle facility users in Albuquerque, New Mexico, would continue to bicycle, and nearly one-third would discontinue bicycling, if the bicycle facilities they regularly use did not exist. The most common alternative would be driving a car. The findings suggest that bicycle facilities can increase bicycle mode share and reduce driving by influencing the mode choice decisions of certain i...
Antioxidants reduce the mutagenic effect of malonaldehyde and beta-propiolactone. Part IX. Antioxidants and cancer.

Abstract Increasing concentrations of malonaldehyde and β-propiolactone were increasingly mutagenic with 7 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium , 5 of which mutated by a frameshift mechanism and 2 of which mutated through base-pair substitution. The antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 3 logarithmic concentrations markedly reduced mutagenesis in those strains which mutated by frameshift mechanism.
Graft-versus-host disease after radiation therapy in patients who have undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation: two case reports

Patients who undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation and subsequent radiation therapy uncommonly develop graft-versus-host disease within the irradiated area. We quantified the incidence of this complication, which is a novel contribution to the field. From 2010 to 2014, 1849 patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and 41 (2 %) received radiation therapy afterward. Of these, two patients (5 %) developed graft-versus-host disease within the irradiated tissues during or immediately after radiation therapy. The first patient is a 37-year-old white man who had Hodgkin lymphoma; he underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a matched unrelated donor and received radiation therapy for an abdominal and pelvic nodal recurrence. After 28.8 Gy, he developed grade 4 gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease, refractory to tacrolimus and steroids, but responsive to pentostatin and photopheresis. The other patient is a 24-year-old white man who had acute leukemia; he underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a matched related donor and received craniospinal irradiation for a central nervous system relapse. After 24 cobalt Gy equivalent, he developed severe cutaneous graft-versus-host disease, sharply delineated within the radiation therapy field, which was responsive to tacrolimus and methylprednisolone. We conclude that graft-versus-host disease within irradiated tissues is an uncommon but potentially serious complication that may follow radiation therapy in patients who have undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clinicians must be aware of this complication and prepared with strategies to mitigate risk. Patients who have undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation represent a unique population that may offer novel insight into the pathways involved in radiation-related inflammation.
Fabrication and characterization of bactericidal thiol-chitosan and chitosan iodoacetamide nanofibres

Two chitosan derivatives, namely, thiol-chitosan (TCs) and chitosan iodoacetamide (CsIA) were newly synthesized by reacting Cs with thiglycolic acid (TGA) and iodoacetic acid (IA) respectively. After being crosslinked with glutraldehyde (GA), the two derivatives were submitted to FT-IR and H1 NMR analysis for identification and characterization of their chemical features. As TCs and CsIA are water soluble, their electrospun nanofibres mats from aqueous solutions could be crosslinked and achieved using polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan blend (PVA/Cs) polymers. Morphological structures of the obtained nanofibres and their webs were studied via those of TCs and CsIA free systems. The data also indicate that the crosslinked PVA/Cs/CsIA is more thermally stable than the crosslinked PVA/Cs/TCs and crosslinked PVA/Cs respectively. It was proved that the electrospun fibers containing TCs or CsIA display a superior antibacterial activity against negative bacteria E. Coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400μg/ml. These effects are rather in confirmation with bacterial kinetics essays which were also carried out in current work. Of particular interest is that the antimicrobial properties of fibers containing small concentration of either TCs or CsIA are much superior than those obtained with neat Cs electrospun nanofibres used as reference. By and large the results advocate the fibers webs containing TCs or CsIA as excellent candidates for wound dressing applications.
Spring operated wearable enhancer for arm rehabilitation (SpringWear) after stroke

A 5-DOF spring actuated exoskeleton, called SpringWear, was developed to increase range of motion in the affected arms of stroke patients. Theoretically perfect gravity compensation is provided at the shoulder elevation DOF. Additional torque is provided to assist weakness in forearm supination and elbow extension. Three stroke patients were tested. All of the assisted joints increased in range of motion, and larger gains should be possible with refinements in the available torque profiles. Additionally, finger range of motion was increased in one subject when asked to open the hand while holding the shoulder at 90 degrees of elevation.
Pubovaginal Fascial Sling for the Treatment of Complicated Stress Urinary Incontinence

Abstract We reviewed retrospectively 67 consecutive women with complicated stress incontinence who underwent a pubovaginal fascial sling procedure by a single surgeon. A detailed micturition questionnaire was completed at the last followup, which ranged from 1 to 8 years, with a mean of 3.5 years. Postoperatively, 82% of the women claimed that they were never incontinent and never wore pads, while 9% were incontinent less often than once per 2 weeks and 9% continued to have troublesome incontinence on a daily basis. Only 2 of these women had persistent stress incontinence; the remainder (5) had urge incontinence. In β patients with a neurogenic bladder postoperative urinary retention was expected and they were treated with intermittent self-catheterization. Two patients had urethral obstruction by the sling and required prolonged (probably permanent) intermittent self-catheterization.
STATISTICS OF MACROMOLECULAR SHAPE

A brief review is offered of recent studies by Solc and collaborators on the distribution of principal moments of inertia in random-flight linear chains, branched chains, and rings. Applications to the single-chain excluded-volume problem and the calculation of the osmotic second virial coefficient are discussed.
Psoas compartment and sacral plexus block via electrostimulation for pelvic limb amputation in dogs.

Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy of psoas compartment and sacral plexus block for pelvic limb amputation in dogs. Study design Prospective clinical study. Animals A total of 16 dogs aged 8 ± 3 years and weighing 35 ± 14 kg (mean ± standard deviation). Methods Dogs were administered morphine (0.5 mg kg−1) and atropine (0.02 mg kg−1); anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Regional blocks were performed before surgery in eight dogs with bupivacaine (2.2 mg kg−1) and eight dogs were administered an equivalent volume of saline. The lumbar plexus within the psoas compartment was identified using electrolocation lateral to the lumbar vertebrae at the fourth–fifth, fifth–sixth and sixth–seventh vertebral interspaces. The sacral plexus, ventrolateral to the sacrum, was identified using electrolocation. Anesthesia was monitored using heart rate (HR), invasive blood pressure, electrocardiography, expired gases, respiratory frequency and esophageal temperature by an investigator unaware of the group allocation. Pelvic limb amputation by coxofemoral disarticulation was performed. Dogs that responded to surgical stimulation (>10% increase in HR or arterial pressure) were administered fentanyl (2 μg kg−1) intravenously for rescue analgesia. Postoperative pain was assessed at extubation; 30, 60 and 120 minutes; and the morning after surgery using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results The number of intraoperative fentanyl doses was fewer in the bupivacaine group (2.7 ± 1.1 versus 6.0 ± 2.2; p Conclusions and clinical relevance Psoas compartment (lumbar plexus) and sacral plexus block provided analgesia during pelvic limb amputation in dogs.
From Competencies to Competence: Model, Approach, and Lessons Learned From Implementing a Clinical Informatics Curriculum for Medical Students

Abstract Competence in clinical informatics is an essential requirement for 21st century healthcare professionals, including physicians. As such, it must be taught from the beginning of professional education. We describe the conceptualization and implementation of a curriculum in clinical informatics in a US medical school. We started by developing the required competencies and then developed a curriculum based on them. As adding new content to medical school curricula is fraught with challenges, we describe our major obstacles and lessons learned.
Chapter 35 – Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute multifocal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that typically follows an infectious illness. Its clinical course in most cases is monophasic; however, relapsing ADEM is rarely seen, which poses a diagnostic challenge for distinguishing this disease from multiple sclerosis (MS). Although typically encountered in children, it also occurs in adults with disease characteristics slightly different from the pediatric cases. Formerly, ADEM occurred particularly often in children with measles. However, the illness most often follows a non-descript viral or even bacterial infectious illness. ADEM occurs throughout the world, and may even be more common in less-developed countries, where MS is rare, than in developed ones, where MS is common. Children seldom get MS as opposed to adults, indicating that ADEM constitutes a distinct entity from MS. The prognosis of ADEM is generally good, but severe neurologic sequelae after ADEM are occasionally seen. In this chapter, the etiology, clinical/laboratory/radiologic characteristics, treatment options, and prognosis of ADEM are discussed.
The impact of maleness on judicial decision making: masculinity, chivalry, and immigration appeals

ABSTRACTEvidence of gendered decision making by judges has been mixed at best. We argue that this is a result of a narrow focus on how female judges differ from male judges. This treats women as th...
Humans Conform to Robots: Disambiguating Trust, Truth, and Conformity

Asch’s [2] conformity experiment has shown that people are prone to adjusting their view to match those of group members even when they believe the answer of the group to be wrong. Previous studies have attempted to replicate Asch’s experiment with a group of robots but have failed to observe conformity [7], [25]. One explanation can be made using Hodges and Geyers work [17], in which they propose that people consider distinct criteria (truth, trust, and social solidarity) when deciding whether to conform to others. In order to study how trust and truth affect conformity, we propose an experiment in which participants play a game with three robots, in which there are no objective answers. We measured how many times participants changed their preliminary answers to match the group of robots’ in their final answer. We conducted a between-subjects study (N = 30) in which there were two conditions: one in which participants saw the group of robots’ preliminary answer before deciding their final answer, and a control condition in which they did not know the robots’ preliminary answer. Participants in the experimental condition conformed significantly more (29%) than participants in the control condition (6%). Therefore we have shown that groups of robots can cause people to conform to them. Additionally trust plays a role in conformity: initially, participants conformed to robots at a similar rate to Asch’s participants, however, many participants stop conforming later in the game when trust is lost due to the robots choosing an incorrect answer.
A factor analytic investigation of the Mercy Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: Neurocognitive deficits commonly are an accompanying feature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). A brief, yet comprehensive neuropsychological battery is desirable for assessing the extent of th...
Polytrauma from Unintentional Pressure Cooker Explosion: A Case Report.

Abstract Background Pressure cookers are common kitchen appliances with a good safety record and only rare associated explosions. Case Report Here we present a case of unintentional pressure cooker explosion leading to polytrauma with injuries including pneumothorax, intracranial hemorrhage, open skull fracture, and multiple facial fractures. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Extreme forces and temperatures are involved in pressure cooking. Given the infrequent but real risk of mechanical failure and the increasing use of such devices to create intentional explosions, emergency physicians should be aware of the potentially significant blast injuries that can be associated with them.
Reeditando al completo el teatro mayor de Cervantes: Miguel de Cervantes. Comedias y tragedias (edición al cuidado de Luis Gómez Canseco). Volumen 45, Biblioteca Clásica de La Real Academia Española. Real Academia Española, 2015. 1195 + 943 pp.

This is a review essay on the supplementary volume of the edition of Miguel de Cervantes’s Comedias y tragedias, coordinated by Luis Gomez Canseco and published by Biblioteca Clasica de La Real Aca...
Distribution of mercury species in soil from a mercury-contaminated site

The distribution of mercury species was determined in soil from a site with Hg contamination. Mercury contamination was primarily confined to the top 40 cm of soil, and the concentration of total Hg ranged from 0.5 to 3000 µg Hg g−1. Of total Hg present, we determined that 91% was inorganic, 0.01% organic (as methyl Hg), and 6% elemental Hg. Furthermore, of total inorganic Hg present, 85% was in the insoluble mercuric sulfide form. Thus, of total Hg present in soil at this contaminated site, 91% was in the relatively insoluble HgS and Hg0 forms.
Clearing up Mysteries — The Original Goal

We show how the character of a scientific theory depends on one’s attitude toward probability. Many circumstances seem mysterious or paradoxical to one who thinks that probabilities are physically real things. But when we adopt the “Bayesian Inference” viewpoint of Harold Jeffreys, paradoxes often become simple platitudes and we have a more powerful tool for useful calculations. This is illustrated by three examples from widely different fields: diffusion in kinetic theory, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox in quantum theory, and the second law of thermodynamics in biology.
William James and the Harvard Line of Clinical Functionalism

Many of the most important contributors to modern psychotherapy (including Jung and Freud) were driven by efforts to solve their own emotional problems. Ellenberger calls this a ”creative illness” (1970, pp. 444–450). Much of the power of James’s theorizing emerged from his efforts to find ideas and methods that would help him personally.
Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. A report of eleven injuries and review of fifty-six.

1. Eight surgically confirmed ruptures of the pectoralis major are presented in detail. These and three other ruptures observed by our colleagues are added to the total of forty-five published cases. 2. The mechanisms of injury were direct trauma, excessive athletic stress, or attempts to prevent falls. The rupture occurs within the muscle belly, by avulsion of its tendinous insertion or separation of its musculotendinous junction. 3. The results of treatment depend on the portion of the muscle injured. Early surgical repair is recommended for the distal tendinous injuries, conservative therapy for ruptures of the muscle fibers. 4. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle probably occurs much more frequently than reports would indicate.
Uncertainty and Variability in Environmental Risk Assessment: A Framework for Analysis

Communication of the impacts of uncertainty and inter-individual variability on risk prediction, typically by means of complex tables relating given sources with corresponding risk-impact factors, is often confusing and does not lend itself to quantitative use of this information in decision making. We describe an integrated, quantitative approach to incorporating, to the greatest practicable extent, both uncertainty and variability into risk prediction models. By this approach, predicted individual risk R,for 0≤R≤1, is modeled as the function P(V,U),in which V and U are vectors of variables whose distributions model uncertainty and inter-individual variability, respectively. Individual risk R is thus treated as a variable distributed in both an uncertainty dimension and a variability dimension, whereas population risk I (the number of additional cases caused by R), for 0≤I≤n, is purely uncertain. I is shown to follow a compound Poisson-binomial distribution, which in low-level risk contexts can often be well approximated by a corresponding compound Poisson distribution with parameter \(\bar R\), equal to the conditional expectation of R with respect to the variables V only. For very large n, the limit \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } I = n\bar R\) may be adequate to characterize uncertainty in I. The proposed analytic framework is illustrated with an application to a risk assessment for a particular environmental carcinogen exposure scenario.
Electronic Spectra of Molecular Crystals

Before any experimental data on molecular crystals had become available, Frenkel [1–4] had formulated a theory of electronic energy levels of weakly interacting systems. He began with the tight binding approximation; the wave functions and energy levels of each molecule are unchanged from the free state; and, upon formation of the crystal, each state is shifted and split into a band of closely spaced levels. The electronic spectra of organic crystals, such as benzene and anthracene, show the features expected from Frenkel’s theory, namely, the energy levels appear to be almost those of the free molecules, but band shifts and splittings are observed. Other examples of weakly interacting systems are the d-shell states of MnF2 [5–7] or Cr2O3 [8] and f-shell states of PrC13, etc. “Molecules” such as MnO4 − in KMnO4 or CO3 2− in CaCO3 are weakly interacting in their lower electronic levels. In addition, molecules and molecular ions are also weakly interacting in their vibrational levels, and a Frenkel-type theory applies to these.
Global Energy Sources and Trends

Energy is a key input to human activities, development, and economic growth. Over the past two decades, energy has become the focus of international debate for two main reasons. First, energy use is the principal cause of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions responsible for climate change. The combustion of fossil fuel, which accounts for the vast majority of primary energy consumption, results in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which in turn represent the largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. The second reason is the fact that most forms of energy used today are scarce resources, whose availability varies widely across geographic regions of the world. This aspect of resource availability drives discussions on how to provide access to energy to all people across the world and at what price. This article examines global and regional historical and projected trends in energy use. The first section looks at sources of energy used worldwide and the past trends of energy use its past trends, whereas the second section looks at scenario projections to 2030. Each section is further divided into two parts, one looking at the supply of energy and the second looking at the demand of energy at the sectoral level.
Multimodal interaction: a new focal area for AI

AI research has often been driven by popular visions - HAL 2001, Asimov's Robot, Star Trek - and by critical application areas - medical expert systems, spoken dialogue systems, etc. These visions and applications serve to inspire and guide researchers, posing challenges, illustrating technical weaknesses, and generally channeling creative energy. Without doubt, the widely held vision of the autonomous robot, has exerted a substantial integrative force, such that numerous disciplines, ranging from mechanical engineering to cognitive science, can see how their intellectual endeavors can contribute to the overall endeavor. In this brief position paper, and in the accompanying talk, I would like to propose that the next generation of intelligent multimodal user interfaces can offer a similar intellectual focus for AI researchers. After providing a brief overview of our work in this area and two examples, I would like to suggest the potential impact that such interfaces could have in the relatively near-term.
Saints and Social Justice: A guide to Changing the World

Reading Butler’s Lives of the Saints (Thurston & Attwater, 1956) during my early adult life contributed to my formation as a Catholic lay leader working in social welfare ministries. Though beyond ...
Life cycle assessment of end-of-life treatments for plastic film waste

Abstract Plastic film waste can cause a variety of environmental impacts and pose a significant challenge for the consumer product industry. Understanding the environmental tradeoffs of various end-of-life strategies for plastic film waste is thus important for developing and deploying appropriate sustainable solutions. In this paper, we use life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impacts of various plastic film waste treatment systems. We consider four different waste treatment scenarios for plastic films: landfill disposal of mixed waste; incineration of mixed waste; recycling of mixed waste; and recycling of recyclable waste. The results demonstrate a considerable advantage of recycling over landfill disposal or incineration. The main environmental benefit is from the recycle of plastics that can substitute for the production of plastics from virgin materials. From a sensitivity analysis, five key parameters are identified that affect the aggregate environmental impact including mass fraction of films in the waste, recycling rate, utilization rate, waste-to-energy conversion rate, and the type of energy can be substituted by the recovered energy from incineration.
Predicting Political Trends By Social Tagging

Social media has been popular and powerful in the real-world applications. Facebook was even involved in the lawsuit in 2018 due to that social media data on Facebook was used to affect the presidential elections. In this work, we show case of how social tagging data is useful to predict the political trends by using the time-series analytical models.
Diagnostic Thresholds for Blood Pressure Measured at Home in the Context of the 2017 Hypertension Guideline.

Most guidelines have recommended lower home blood pressure (BP) threshold when clinic BP threshold of 140/90 mm Hg is used for diagnosis of hypertension. However, home BP thresholds to define hyper...
Voluntary disclosure and asset pricing : evidence from Chinese dual-class firms

The empirical link between disclosure practices and asset pricing is difficult to establish because cost of capital is difficult to measure directly and because disclosure practices are endogenous to firm economics and governance. In this paper, I employ a setting in which certain Chinese companies have two classes of shares - A and B shares - that are available to mutually exclusive sets of investors: domestic and foreign investors. Chinese dual-class firms offer several advantages in examining the impact of disclosure practices on asset pricing. First, from a measurement perspective, because A and B shares depend on the same expected stream of future cash flows, the price differential between A and B shares reflects the differential cost of capital from domestic and foreign investors. Therefore, no explicit measure of cost of capital is needed. Second, from a research design perspective, as the policy change that allowed domestic investors to trade in B shares is an exogenous shock, the before-and-after design helps address the potential endogenous nature of voluntary disclosure practices. I find that, holding other factors constant, firms with more forthcoming disclosure practices have smaller price differentials between A and B shares. In economic terms, the price differential drops by 178 basis points if a firm improves its disclosure by one standard deviation.
Simultaneous, quantitative detection of multiple biomarkers in breast cancers using semiconductor multicolor quantum dots

3587 Background: The management of breast cancer has been significantly advanced by the identification of specific protein profiles, to which specific therapies can be directed. Currently used technologies do not allow for the simultaneous quantification of multiple protein biomarkers on individual breast cancer sections.. We have developed an assay, by conjugating antibodies to semiconductor, multicolor nanoparticles, which allows the quantification of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu on single breast cancer sections, and correlates well with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We have now expanded this assay to allow the detection and quantification of 5 breast cancer-related proteins in single sections of breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines. Methods: We directly conjugated multicolored QDs (525nm, 565nm, 605nm, 655nm, 705nm) to primary antibodies (QD-Abs) for ER, PR, HER2/neu, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) respectively, and stained paraffin embedded sections of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, BT474, MDA-231) and human breast tumors. . Results: The use of QD-Abs allowed the detection of all 5 proteins simultaneously on single sections of breast cancer cell lines and breast tumors. Using hyper-spectral imaging and wavelength-resolved spectroscopy, we quantified the expression of each protein, detected using QD-Abs. Our results correlated well with standard methods of detection, including Western blotting. Conclusions: The use of QD-Abs allows the visualization and quantification of 5 clinically important biomarkers simultaneously in single breast cancer sections. The use of multiplex QDs offers the possibility of quantifying many more proteins in single tumor sections, allowing determination of an individual cancer’s proteome. These results raise new possibilities for nano technology applications in molecular pathology and clinical oncology, particularly in linking multiplexed cancer biomarkers with clinical outcome, and allowing the possibility of individualized therapy.
Professional mastermind groups: Lessons from the ALA Leadership Institute

Imagine a free business tool that is adaptable to all types of libraries and can benefit librarians at every level to become more effective and successful. It exists with a mastermind group. There are numerous examples of mastermind groups throughout history.
The Wandering Circles: A Flicker-Rate and Contour Dependent Motion Illusion

Understanding of the visual system can be informed by examining errors in perception. We present a novel illusion—Wandering Circles—in which stationary circles undergoing contrast-polarity reversal...
Automatic Estimation of Arterial Input Function in Digital Subtraction Angiography

Estimation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) from digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) is typically obtained through deconvolution of the contrast concentration time-curve with the arterial input function (AIF). Automatic detection of the AIF through analysis of angiograms could expedite this computation and improve its accuracy by allowing fully automated angiogram processing. This optimization is decisive given the significance of CBF modeling in diagnosing and treating cases of acute ischemic stroke, arteriovenous malformation, brain tumor, and other deviations in cerebral or renal perfusion, for example. This study presents an AIF detection model that relies on the identification of the intracranial carotid artery (ICA) through image segmentation. A contrast agent is used to detect the presence of blood flow in the angiogram, which facilitates signal intensity monitoring throughout 20 frames, ultimately allowing us to compute the AIF. When compared to the manually outlined AIF, the predicted model reached an AUROC value of \(98.54\%\). Automatic AIF detection using machine learning methods could therefore provide consistent, reproducible, and accurate results that could quantify CBF and allow physicians to expedite more informed diagnoses to a wide variety of conditions altering cerebral blood flow.
Vowel acoustic characteristics of Southern American English variation in Louisiana

This study examined acoustic characteristics of vowels produced by speakers from Louisiana, one of the states in the Southern English dialect region. First, how Louisiana vowels differ from or are similar to the reported patterns of Southern dialect were examined. Then, within-dialect differences across regions in Louisiana were examined. Thirty-four female adult monolingual speakers of American English from Louisiana, ranging in age from 18 to 23, produced English monosyllabic words containing 11 vowels /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, ae, ʌ, u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ/. The first two formant frequencies at the midpoint of the vowel nucleus, direction, and amount of formant changes across three different time points (20, 50, and 80%), and vowel duration were compared to previously reported data on Southern vowels. Overall, Louisiana vowels showed patterns consistent with previously reported characteristics of Southern vowels that reflect ongoing changes in the Southern dialect (no evidence of acoustic reversal of tense-lax pairs, more specifically no peripheralization of front vowels). Some dialect-specific patterns were also observed (a relatively lesser degree of formant changes and slightly shorter vowel duration). These patterns were consistent across different regions within Louisiana.
Are Advertising Agency Creatives More Creative Than Anyone Else? An Exploratory Test of Competing Predictions

This exploratory research tests two competing general predictions: the expert-performance literature predicting creatives will demonstrate greater creativity than others while the process-performan...
Is Adopting Mass Customization a Path to Environmentally Sustainable Fashion

Problem definition: In high-product-variety businesses like fashion, mass production (MP) systems create environmental waste in the form of overproduction on a colossal scale. Mass customization (MC) has been proposed -- without solid evidence -- as a solution. In this paper, we analyze whether MC can indeed offer a win-win solution that helps both the bottom line and the environment. We also study the impact of three real policy options: promoting MC, charging a disposal fee for overproduction, and recycling. Academic/practical relevance: There is increasing interest in mass-customizing fashion goods, not only because consumers value customization, but also because MC is perceived to be environmentally friendly. Our paper puts this advocacy for MC to test. We contribute to the literature, which has been largely silent on the issue, by uncovering when MC offers a win-win and relating such market outcomes to policy ideas. Methodology: We develop an analytical model of an MP firm adopting MC (going hybrid). The firm’s profit-maximizing variety, price and inventory decisions then form the basis of our understanding the environmental impact of adopting MC and assessing various policy options. Results: Adopting MC can be a win-win, but it can also increase overproduction and hurt the environment. Our policy analyses reveal two kinds of insights. First kind is about whether a policy expands win-win outcomes -- encouraging sustainable adoption of MC. Among the policy ideas we explore, only promoting MC so as to increase consumers' tolerance for waiting for mass-customized products can do that unambiguously. Second kind of insight is about whether a policy reduces the hybrid firm's environmental impact. Only disposal fee and costly recycling programs can do that unambiguously. Managerial implications: For MC adoption to be a win-win, policy makers must (1) work on convincing consumers to wait for bespoke fashion, (2) target MP firms with low cost of variety (high product mix flexibility) with disposal fees or costly recycling programs, and (3) encourage those with relatively higher cost of variety to develop/acquire technology that would make recycling profitable.
Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is commonly performed to prevent the devastating sequelae of stroke. A focused preoperative cardiac and neurologic evaluation prior to CEA provides valuable data that can be used to optimize patient safety and comfort via an individually tailored anesthetic plan. With invasive monitoring, careful titration of anesthetics, and neurologic monitoring, strict control of hemodynamics can achieve cardiac stability and provide neurologic protection. Postoperative maintenance of hemodynamics and vigilance for possible complications may further ensure excellent patient care and success of surgery.
Building Moral Resiliency Through the Nurse Education and Support Team Initiative.

Background Findings from 3 nurse-led research studies conducted in a large pediatric institution resulted in a call to action to support intensive and progressive care nurses experiencing moral and ethical challenges. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of and satisfaction with implementation of a Nurse Education and Support Team (NEST) coach role. Methods An interdisciplinary work group identified solutions for just-in-time support, including a new NEST coach role. This role was implemented in January 2017 to provide peer-to-peer support for nurses. The NEST coaches provide coverage 5 days per week in 4 intensive care units and 1 progressive care unit. Feasibility of the role was evaluated by assessing the number, type, length, and outcome of NEST coach consultations. Staff satisfaction was evaluated 6 months and 1.5 years after implementation. Results A total of 6262 NEST coach consultations occurred across the units from January 2017 through November 2019. At both evaluation periods, more than 85% of respondents indicated that they were satisfied with their interactions with the NEST coach and nearly 80% indicated that they would seek consultation again. Conclusions Pediatric intensive and progressive care nurses experience many challenges in their practice environments. The innovative NEST coach role enabled access to just-in-time support and guidance through morally and ethically challenging situations. As evidenced by the number of consultations and the positive staff response, intensive and progressive care nurses have embraced and integrated the NEST coach role into their culture and practice.
Temporal coherent control of resonant two-photon double ionization of the hydrogen molecule via doubly excited states

We use time-delayed, counter-rotating, circularly polarized few-cycle attosecond nonoverlapping pulses to study the temporal coherent control of the resonant process of two-photon double ionization (TPDI) of hydrogen molecule via doubly excited states for pulse propagation direction along $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{k}}$ either parallel or perpendicular to the molecular axis $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{R}}$. For $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{k}}\ensuremath{\parallel}\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{R}}$ and a pulse carrier frequency of 36 eV resonantly populating the ${Q}_{2}^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}^{+}(1)$ doubly excited state as well as other $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}^{+}$ doubly excited states, we find that the indirect ionization pathway through these doubly excited states changes the character of the kinematical vortex-shaped momentum distribution produced by the two direct ionization pathways from fourfold to twofold rotational symmetry. This result is similar to what found in TPDI of the He atom involving $^{1}P_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}^{o}$ doubly excited states [Ngoko Djiokap and Starace, J. Opt. 19, 124003 (2017)]; however, angular distributions exhibiting a quantum beat effect between the ground state and a doubly excited state seen for the He atom are observed here for its molecular counterpart with an anomaly in shape and magnitude, not in frequency. The sixfold differential probability integrated over the azimuthal angle of the photoelectron pair shows that this anomaly is due to autoionization decays and quantum beats between doubly excited states. For $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{k}}\ensuremath{\perp}\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\mathbf{R}}$ and a broadband pulse carrier frequency of 30 eV populating the ${Q}_{1}^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}^{+}(1)$, ${Q}_{1}^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}(1)$, ${Q}_{2}^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}^{+}(1)$, and ${Q}_{1}^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}(2)$ doubly excited states, the momentum distribution is shown to exhibit dynamical electron vortices with four spiral arms, which originates from the interplay between the $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{g}^{+}$, $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{g}^{+}$, and $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}$ dynamical ionization amplitudes. Our treatment within either the adiabatic-nuclei approximation or fixed-nuclei approximation shows that the latter provides a very good account for this correlated process.
Generating Options and Choosing Between Them Depend on Distinct Forms of Value Representation

Humans have a remarkable capacity for flexible decision-making, deliberating among actions by modeling their likely outcomes. This capacity allows us to adapt to the specific features of diverse ci...
Severe post-traumatic disorder leading to failure of passing asylum interview—a case report

Asylum applicants can benefit from psychiatric evaluation which can explain how culture and mental health symptoms relate to perceived deficits in credibility. Ms. B presented for psychiatric evaluation, seeking asylum in the USA after multiple threats on her life in Honduras. At initial evaluation, she was diagnosed with depression. On reevaluation, she was found to have panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorder. Recommendations included an anxiolytic medication and the use of pre-written statements upon interview. However, Ms. B was sent back to her country of origin despite her severe mental symptoms. Post-traumatic disorder scales should be used by mental health professionals especially with patients who are not forthcoming about past trauma history to avoid missing this diagnosis. There is a need to inform immigration officials and lawyers about the necessity of accommodating clients’ needs to appropriately present themselves in asylum interviews.
Effects of localized blowing on the turbulent boundary layer over 2D roughness

Planar particle image velocimetry was utilized to investigate the effects of localized blowing (injection) on the turbulent boundary layer over two-dimensional k-type roughness. The experiments were performed at a Reynolds number of 100,000, based on the boundary layer thickness and the free-stream velocity. The roughness was composed of identical transverse square bars at a pitch to height ratio $$p/k = 11$$ ; the bars occupied $$\sim 13-14\%$$ of the boundary layer thickness. In addition to a baseline no-injection case, localized blowing through five small spanwise jets was considered at two rates and for two injection locations. The volumetric flow rate through the jets was below 0.12% of the overall flow rate, resulting in a small perturbation to the flow field. As such, the overall flow organization is maintained across the five considered cases (baseline and four injection cases). However, the localized blowing alters the time-averaged streamwise velocity, boundary layer characteristics, Reynolds shear stress, and in-plane turbulent kinetic energy. For example, the localized blowing considered here can induce an increase up to $$\sim 6\%$$ in the time-averaged streamwise velocity and a reduction up to $$\sim 20\%$$ in the maximum streamwise-averaged Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy. The blowing-induced deviations from the baseline case extend far within the boundary layer; however, two-point correlations and proper orthogonal decomposition analyses provide evidence for a similar turbulence structure far above the roughness, despite the blowing-induced deviations in the aforementioned flow quantities.
The transcription factor MYB40 is a central regulator in arsenic resistance in Arabidopsis.

Abstract Arsenic is a metalloid that is toxic to plants. Arsenate (As(V)), the prevalent chemical form of arsenic, is a phosphate (Pi) analog and is incorporated into plant cells via Pi transporters. Here, we found that the MYB40 transcription factor played important roles in the control of Arabidopsis As(V) resistance. The expression of MYB40 was induced by As(V) stress. MYB40-overexpressing lines had an obvious As(V)-resistant phenotype and a reduced As(V)/Pi uptake rate, whereas myb40 mutants were sensitive to As(V) stress. Upon exposure to As(V), MYB40 directly repressed the expression of PHT1;1, which encodes a main Pi transporter. The As(V)-resistant phenotypes of MYB40-overexpressing lines were impaired by overexpression of PHT1;1, demonstrating an epistatic genetic relationship between MYB40 and PHT1;1. Moreover, overexpression of MYB40 enhanced, and disruption of MYB40 reduced, thiol-peptide contents. Upon exposure to As(V), MYB40 positively regulated the expression of PCS1, which encodes a phytochelatin synthase, and ABCC1 and ABCC2, which encode the major vacuolar phytochelatin transporters. Together, our data demonstrate that AtMYB40 acts as a central regulator of As(V) responses, providing a genetic strategy for enhancing plant As(V) tolerance and reducing As(V) uptake to improve food safety.
Toward a Novel Measurement Framework for Big Data (MEGA)

Big Data is quickly becoming a chief part of the decision-making process in both industry and academia. As more and more institutions begin relying on Big Data to make strategic decisions, the quality of the underlying data comes into question. The quality of Big Data isn’t always transparent and large-scale systems may even lack its visibility, which adversely affects the credibility of the Big Data systems. Continuous monitoring and measurement of data quality is therefore paramount in assessing whether the information can serve its purpose in a particular context (such as Big Data analytics, for example). This research addresses the need for Big Data quality measurement modeling and automation by proposing a novel conceptual quality measurement framework for Big Data (MEGA) with the purpose of assessing the underlying quality characteristics of Big Data (also known as the V’s of Big Data) at each step of the Big Data Pipelines. The theoretical quality measurement models for four of the Big Data V’s (Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity) are currently automated; the remaining 6 V’s (Vincularity, Validity, Value, Volatility, Valence and Vitality) will be tackled in our future work. The approach is illustrated on a case study.