cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coronary hemodynamic responses during local hemodilution in canine hearts

To evaluate the effect of hemodilution per se on coronary hemodynamics, experiments were performed in 36 anesthetized, open-chest dogs whose left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was perfused selectively with either normal arterial blood or arterial blood diluted with lactated Ringer solution. LAD blood flow (CBF) was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter and its transmural distribution assessed with 15-microns radioactive microspheres. LAD perfusion pressure was set at the normal level (approximately 100 mmHg) or at 50% of that level to simulate coronary insufficiency. Dilator reserve capacity was calculated from ratio of reactive hyperemic peak flow following release of 90-s occlusion to control (preocclusion) flow. Systemic hemodynamic parameters were maintained near control values during coronary hemodilution. With perfusion pressure normal, graded hemodilution caused progressive, transmurally uniform increases in CBF that showed a nonlinear relationship to inflow hematocrit. Increased peak reactive hyperemic flow and decreased dilator reserve ratio indicated that both reduced viscosity and vasodilation contributed to increased CBF during hemodilution. Hypotension alone reduced CBF, with greater effect in the subendocardium. Additional hemodilution returned CBF to normotensive value, but relative subendocardial hypoperfusion persisted. The present study provides fundamental information on effects of hemodilution on coronary hemodynamics without the systemic responses that complicated previous studies utilizing whole body exchange transfusions.
Specialty Melon Cultivar Evaluation under Organic and Conventional Production in Florida

Interest in producing specialty melons (Cucumis melo) is increasing in Florida, but information on yield performance, fruit quality, and disease resistance of specialty melon cultivars grown in Florida conditions is limited. In this study conducted at Citra, FL, during the 2011 Spring season, 10 specialty melon cultivars were evaluated, in both certified organic and conventionally managed fields, including: Creme de la Creme and San Juan ananas melon (C. melo var. reticulatus), Brilliant and Camposol canary melon (C. melo var. inodorus), Ginkaku and Sun Jewel asian melon (C. melo var. makuwa), Arava and Diplomat galia melon (C. melo var. reticulatus), and Honey Pearl and Honey Yellow honeydew melon (C. melo var. inodorus). ‘Athena’ cantaloupe (C. melo var. reticulatus) was included as a control. ‘Sun Jewel’, ‘Diplomat’, ‘Honey Yellow’, and ‘Honey Pearl’ were early maturing cultivars that were harvested 10 days earlier than ‘Athena’. ‘Athena’ had the highest marketable yield in the conventional field (10.7 kg/plant), but the yield of ‘Camposol’, ‘Ginkaku’, ‘Honey Yellow’, and ‘Honey Pearl’ did not differ significantly from ‘Athena’. Under organic production, ‘Camposol’ showed a significantly higher marketable yield (8.3 kg/plant) than ‘Athena’ (6.8 kg/plant). ‘Ginkaku’ produced the largest fruit number per plant in both organic (10 fruit/ plant) and conventional fields (12 fruit/plant) with smaller fruit size compared with other melon cultivars. Overall, the specialty melon cultivars, except for asian melon, did not differ significantly from ‘Athena’ in terms of marketable fruit number per plant. ‘Sun Jewel’, ‘Diplomat’, and ‘San Juan’ showed relatively high percentages of cull fruit. ‘Honey Yellow’, ‘Honey Pearl’, and ‘Sun Jewel’ exhibited higher soluble solids concentration (SSC) than ‘Athena’ in both organic and conventional fields, while ‘Brilliant’, ‘San Juan’, and ‘Ginkaku’ also had higher SSC than ‘Athena’ under organic production. ‘Honey Yellow’, ‘Sun Jewel’, ‘Brilliant’, and ‘Camposol’ were less affected by powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera xanthii) and downy mildew (caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis) in the conventional field. ‘Honey Yellow’ and ‘Camposol’ also had significantly lower aboveground disease severity ratings in the organic field compared with ‘Athena’, although the root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne sp.) gall rating was higher in ‘Honey Yellow’ than ‘Athena’.
Ignition and Near-Wall Burning in Transverse Hydrogen Jets in Supersonic Crossflow

The present experimental work investigates flame structure and near-wall ignition observed in transverse hydrogen jets in supersonic crossflows. An underexpanded sonic hydrogen jet issued from a flat plate perpendicularly to an incoming high-enthalpy crossflow is considered. The cross-flow approximates aerothermal conditions of Mach 8 flight at 30 km altitude. Transverse jets at different jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios J in the range 0.3 – 5.0 have been considered. The freestream (crossflow) conditions are maintained at a Mach number of 2.4 with a static temperature and pressure of 1400 K and 40 kPa, respectively. Experiments are carried out at the Stanford Expansion Tube Facility. Imaging techniques, such as Schlieren and OH* chemiluminescence imaging, are applied to characterize the global features of the system, such as ignition and flame penetration. The identification and investigation of the instantaneous reaction zone structure is carried out with planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of the hydroxyl radical. Several orthogonal imaging planes have been considered to map the spatial features of the reacting regions. The importance of the unsteady bow shock, separation and recirculation regions on near-wall ignition, combustion and transport processes at sufficiently large values of J are identified and discussed.
Laying of equipotential ground screen in power system

If some fault happened in electric power system, the voltage between fault grounding point and far away distance is not equal. It is a good method to lay equipotential ground screen which can block the unbalanced voltage to transfer into secondary system and avoid secondary equipment broken or operating error. Against the confusion about laying of equipotential ground screen in some power plants and electric substations, reasonable principles and noticeable problems are put forward in the paper. Some methods are also introduced aiming to the target of the reasonable, beautiful and uniform ground connection of secondary system.
Downsizing. Use intravenous clinicians to maintain quality venous access care.

Many authors demonstrate the cost effectiveness of using intravenous teams to provide quality venous access care. Despite this evidence, many hospitals are dissolving their i.v. teams as a way of cutting costs. This article provides a guide for downsizing while maintaining quality i.v. therapy. The article chronicles events before and after the disbanding of the i.v. team of the San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center. The focus of the article demonstrates how creating two advanced practice positions is instrumental to maintaining quality i.v. care. Quality is defined as line-associated bacteriemia rates and compliance rates to i.v. care standards, remaining unchanged or better after the downsizing of the i.v. team. Line-associated bacteriemia rates are presented in terms of infections per 1000 line days when possible. Compliance percentages are obtained by auditing compliance to site changes, central line policy. The data are provided in chart form, and definitely show a sharp decline in line-associated bacteremias after the advent of the i.v. clinician role. These data provide clear evidence to support the Intravenous Nurses Society position on the role of the intravenous nurse specialist. Conclusions emphasize the need for i.v. nurse clinicians to provide critical care coverage, ongoing educational programs, outcome auditing, and nursing research in vascular access and i.v. therapy.
Patient report of HIV risk screening by primary care physicians.

Our objectives were to (1) assess primary care physicians’ performance at screening patients for HIV risks using patient report; (2) compare patient recall concerning screening with physician report; and (3) compare HIV risk screening with general preventive health screening. Up to 20 patients from 126 physicians’ practices anonymously completed 1,820 questionnaires. Questionnaires assessed screening from physicians about HIV risks and general preventive health care. Two scales were developed to measure comprehensiveness of screening. Based on patient recall, physicians performed poorly in HIV risk screening. On an HIV risk-screening scale, patients were screened concerning 11% of items assessed. In comparison, patients recalled screening concerning 75% of general prevention items assessed. Patients with acknowledged HIV risk factors and younger patients were screened more for HIV risk, but many patients with risks were still missed. Physicians’ estimates of their screening were relatively concordant with patient report in general prevention areas but were discordant with patient recall of HIV risk screening; physicians estimated considerably more screening than their patients recalled. Female physicians performed better than male physicians in both HIV risk screening and general preventive health screening; physicians with more HIV experience performed better at HIV risk screening. HIV risk screening in the primary care setting remains inadequate. Comparable attention to that given to general prevention by primary care physicians is needed in screening patients for HIV risk behaviors.
Leaf Cell Compaction

Leaf cell compaction is the process of taking a layout and producing a new design rule correct layout with the same topology in which some function of the layout area is minimized. The input layout may or may not be design rule correct. The input can be hierarchically defined, however only the objects at the top most level of the hierarchy are modified. All subcells at any other level of the hierarchy are considered fixed and the objects inside them immutable. The input layout may be a transistor level layout or a layout consisting of large blocks with routing between them and for the purposes of compaction both are considered leaf cells and both give rise to the same class of constraints. The constraints that occur in leaf cell compaction are of a more restricted class than those that occur for hierarchical compaction. Consequently, these constraints can be solved by simpler and computationally more efficient methods than for the more general hierarchical compaction problem. Also, the efficient hierarchical compaction methods developed in Chapter 4 are built using a leaf cell compaction system, making leaf cell compaction a core compaction technology.
Profiles of body mass index and the nutritional status among children and adolescents categorized by waist-to-height ratio cut-offs.

Abstract Background Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is proposed as a simple, valid and convenient measure of abdominal obesity and health risks in practice. The present study examined the distribution of nutritional status among children and adolescents categorized by WHtR cut-offs. Methods A total of 30,459 students (15,249 boys and 15,210 girls) aged 7–18years participated in the study. Height, weight and waist circumference (WC) of all subjects were measured, body mass index (BMI) and WHtR were calculated. The grades of nutritional status (thinness, normal weight, overweight and obesity) was defined by the international BMI cut-offs. All subjects were divided into three groups (low, moderate and high) according to their WHtR, BMI level and the distribution of nutritional status among the three groups were compared. Results In both boys and girls, significant differences in BMI level and the nutritional status were observed among the three groups. Children and adolescents aged 7–18years in the ‘high WHtR group' (≥0.5) had higher BMI than those in the ‘low WHtR group' ( 2 for boys and 5.24–9.51kg/m 2 for girls. ‘low WHtR group' had higher prevalence of thinness, and ‘high WHtR group' had higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. The optimal distribution of nutritional status is found in the ‘moderate WHtR group' (between 0.4 and 0.5) with the highest proportion of normal weight and low prevalence of thinness and obesity. Conclusion WHtR is associated with nutritional status, which could be an indicator of nutritional status and early health risk. It is necessary to develop optimal boundary values in the future.
Gamers and Video Game Culture: An Introduction for Counselors

Gamers are a growing population and video game culture remains unfamiliar to the majority of counselors. Little scholarship exits that would aid counselors in gaining awareness and knowledge about gamers and video game culture. Such information has implications for counselors to better meet the needs of gamers, their partners, and families seeking counseling. The authors discuss elements of gaming culture including a brief history, population characteristics, terminology, healthy and unhealthy gaming, and implications for counselors.
Synthesis, Structure, and Selective Gas Adsorption of a Single-Crystalline Zirconium Based Microporous Metal–Organic Framework

Porous metal–organic framework (MOF) materials with high thermal and water stability are desirable for various adsorption based applications. Early transition metal based MOFs such as those built on zirconium metal have been well recognized for their excellent stability toward heat and/or moisture. However, the difficulty growing large single crystals makes their structural characterization challenging. Herein we report a porous Zr-MOF, [Zr6O4(OH)4(cca)6] (Zr-cca), which is assembled from zirconium and 4-carboxycinnamic acid (H2cca) under solvothermal conditions. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the structure of Zr-cca is isoreticular to the prototype zirconium based MOF, UiO-66. Zr-cca shows permanent porosity upon removal of solvent molecules initially residing inside the pores, with a BET surface area of 1178 m2/g. As expected, it exhibits good thermal stability (stable up to 400 °C) and high resistance to acidity over a wide pH range. Evaluation of its gas adsorption performance ...
The role of chemokines in hypertension and consequent target organ damage

Immune cells infiltrate the kidney, vasculature, and central nervous system during hypertension, consequently amplifying tissue damage and/or blood pressure elevation. Mononuclear cell motility depends partly on chemokines, which are small cytokines that guide cells through an increasing concentration gradient via ligation of their receptors. Tissue expression of several chemokines is elevated in clinical and experimental hypertension. Likewise, immune cells have enhanced chemokine receptor expression during hypertension, driving immune cell infiltration and inappropriate inflammation in cardiovascular control centers. T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages are pivotal mediators of hypertensive inflammation, and these cells migrate in response to several chemokines. As powerful drivers of diapedesis, the chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 have long been implicated in hypertension, but experimental data highlight divergent, context-specific effects of these chemokines on blood pressure and tissue injury. Several other chemokines, particularly those of the CXC family, contribute to blood pressure elevation and target organ damage. Given the significant interplay and chemotactic redundancy among chemokines during disease, future work must not only describe the actions of individual chemokines in hypertension, but also characterize how manipulating a single chemokine modulates the expression and/or function of other chemokines and their cognate receptors. This information will facilitate the design of precise chemotactic immunotherapies to limit cardiovascular and renal morbidity in hypertensive patients.
Where is the Dialectic in the Community‐Diversity Dialectic?

Agent-based modeling has provided some interesting investigations of the hypothesis that there is a dialectical relationship between sense of community and diversity. A close look at those models strongly suggests that only models in which the attributes of agents are fixed completely support that hypothesis. Models which acknowledge that diversity is contextually defined, and thus changeable, suggest that there is no inherent dialectical relationship between the two values. Rather, it is the context of the setting, the way in which the setting is socially constructed, that determines whether a strong sense of community can exist in highly diverse settings.
Del discurso piadoso al discurso protonacionalista en la biografía de la beata Juana de Jesús

ABSTRACTIn 1756, Antonio de Santa Maria published in Lima the hagiography of Quito-born Juana de Jesus (1662–1703), which was based on an unpublished manuscript penned almost fifty years earlier by Juana's confessor, Antonio Fernandez Sierra. Before printing his edition, Santa Maria wrote his own manuscript in which he commented on the work of his predecessor. Reading the two manuscripts and the printed book side by side, I argue that while the first manuscript focuses on Juana as an exemplary pious woman, Santa Maria's versions help to reveal the transformation of criollo identity by showcasing feelings of civic pride for its wise men and pious women. I examine how Santa Maria's proto-nationalistic discourse engaged with the politics of the day, thus anticipating the ideas that became widespread only a few years later among the intellectual architects of Quito's first independence movements in whose libraries this book was found.
Churchscape: Megachurches and the Iconography of Environment

Contemporary critiques of urban sprawl could likely include recent megachurch construction, because their campuses do, in part, contribute to the slow retreat of green space in and around American ...
Laser Ultrasonic Thermoelastic/Ablation Generation with Laser Interferometric Detection in Graphite/Polymer Composites

Ultrasonic signals have been generated and detected in graphite/polymer composites by optical methods. A Doppler interferometric technique was used for detection. The output voltage of this type of interferometer is proportional to the surface velocity of a sample area which is illuminated by cw laser light. Ultrasonic signals were generated by thermoelastic and ablation processes which occur as a consequence of laser pulses incident on the opposite surface of the sample. The evolution of the magnitude and shape of the detected signals was measured as a function of the pulse energy of the generating laser. Low-energy laser pulses generated ultrasound without causing obvious surface damage. At higher energies surface damage was observable in post inspection but could also be detected by observing (through protective goggles) bright flashes near the illuminated area. The energy at which these processes first occur is qualitatively referred to as the ablation threshold. Changes in the observed waveform were evident at energies above the ablation threshold. The higher-energy waveforms were found to consist of a superposition of a thermoelastic component and an ablatic component, whose relative magnitudes changed with laser power. A delay in the initiation of the ablatic wave relative to the thermoelastic wave was observed to be of the order of 0.3 μs, consistent with observations in pure polymer. [1] Photoelectric detection measurements of the ablation plume also showed a clear threshold and a time scale for growth of the ablation products with a characteristic time scale on the order of 0.3 μs.
Cytotoxic gene therapy of esophageal cancers using the recombinant RGD-modified adenovirus expressing membrane-bound TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand): an in vitro and in vivo analysis

2994 Objective: Esophageal cancers are potentially amenable to gene therapy via direct intratumoral injection of therapeutic vectors using endoscopic approach. We aimed to evaluate the tumoricidal effect of the RGD-modified adenovirus expressing TRAIL under the tumor-selective hTERT promoter (AdV-RGD/TRAIL) with and without CDDP pretreatments in a panel of 4 esophageal cancer (EsC) cells. Methods: EsC cells, TE2, TE12, SK4 and SEG1, were transduced with AdV-RGD/TRAIL or, AdV-RGD/GFP or AdV-hTERT/LacZ as vector controls, at 1 to 10 pfu (plaque forming unit)/cell ± 1 μg/ml CDDP pre-treatment. MTT, Annexin V and TUNEL assays measured cell viability and apoptosis. Subcutaneous SK4 EsC xenografts were created in nude mice. Direct intratumoral injections of adenoviral vectors (4.4x108 pfu/injection every 3 days x 3; ± intraperitoneal 4 mg/kg CDDP one day before virus administration) were started when tumors reached 40-60 mm3. Results: RGD/TRAIL mediated a dose-dependent reduction of cell viability in EsC cells that was most pronounced in SEG1 and SK4. CDDP, while conferring additive cytotoxicity in SEG1 and SK4 cells, synergistically potentiated the antitumor effect of this virus in the resistant TE2 and TE12 cells (Figure A). Similarly, significant additive or synergistic apoptosis was also observed in combination-treated cells (TE12: RGD/TR (5pfu/cell): 11±6% apoptosis, CDDP: 10±4%, combination: 55±6%; SEG1 RGD/TR: 42±14%, CDDP: 4±2%, combination: 48±8%; n=3, p
Resurgence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Treponema Pallidum Co Infection

The focus of this paper is to concisely review literature that investigated the resurgence of co infection with human immunodeficiency virus and Treponema pallidum as an undeniable global epidemic in both homosexual and heterosexual communities Issues of causation complications and circumvention are analyzed Drawing from the review the authors call for a more clinically conscious approach to mitigate this surging epidemic Specifically we argue that a more comprehensive and creative model is needed to respond to this rising epidemic Proposed is the essential task for providers to carefully identify predisposing factors of this co infection both as primary prevention as well as for the ability to urgently but effectively intervene within the affected population Concluded was that healthcare providers must not only take into consideration the epidemiology of this co infection in affected patients they must also utilize best treatment methodologies such as education counseling and repeated screening of those patients who are identified as belonging to the at risk populations
Multi-technique characterization of the precipitates in thermally aged and neutron irradiated Fe-Cu and Fe-Cu-Mn model alloys: Atom probe tomography reconstruction implications

Abstract Cu precipitation in Fe is technologically and scientifically important. Atom probe tomography (APT) often reports high Fe in copper rich precipitates (CRPs). Some argue that this is an APT artifact. Here, Fe-0.80 at. % Cu (Fe-Cu) and Fe-0.78 at. % Cu-1.05 at.% Mn (Fe-Cu-Mn) alloys were characterized by several microanalytical techniques, following thermal aging and neutron irradiation that produced a high density of nanoscale CRPs. The CRP number densities, mole fractions and sizes characterized by different techniques are reasonably consistent, but not the compositions in the case of APT. A new small-angle neutron scattering method was used, involving measuring the temperature dependence of magnetic scattering (T-SANS), which proved that the CRPs are non-magnetic at ambient temperature. Nuclear scattering mass balance constraints show that CRPs do not contain a significant amount of Fe. Positron annihilation spectroscopy and SANS magnetic-to-nuclear scattering ratio measurements are also consistent with very small amounts, if any, of Fe in the CRPs.
Enhanced driver safety with advanced vision systems

With increasing information diverting attention and longer commutes causing greater fatigue, safe operation of vehicles is a growing concern. The concept of workload management in the operation of vehicles is driving the automotive industry to address these issues. This paper discusses two primary technologies that will realize the objectives of workload management. Driver State Monitoring (DSM) and Gesture Recognition (GS) systems are being implemented into production vehicles on a rapid and urgent path. The impact of these technologies on driver fatigue and safety will be demonstrated. Subsystem architecture and the integration of DSM/GS subsystems into vehicle architecture will be illustrated. Sensor technologies, image recognition/processing, and decision logic will be discussed. Finally, the state of these technologies, current limitations, and development paths will be discussed.
Low-Platinum-Content Electrocatalysts for Methanol and Ethanol Electrooxidation

Methanol and ethanol, having high energy density, likely production from renewable sources, and ease of storage and distribution, are ideal combustibles for fuel cells wherein their chemical energy can be converted directly into electrical energy. However, the slow, incomplete oxidation of methanol and ethanol on platinum-based anodes as well as the high price and limited reserves of platinum has hampered the practical application of direct alcohol fuel cells. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to developing high-activity electrocatalysts. This chapter presents an overview of the recent progress in methanol and ethanol electrocatalysis on platinum-based materials, with special attention focused on the research effort to reduce platinum content.
Approximations of the Exchange and Correlation Potentials

A review is made of the approximate exchange and correlation potentials. A calculation of the gradient correction to the exchange potential is presented and the systematic expansion of the potentials in powers of the gradients of the density is critically examined. A related question concerning the validity of the local exchange raised by Overhauser is investigated here.
Mesh Inguinodynia After Inguinal Herniorrhaphy

Complications after inguinal herniorrhaphy are relatively rare. Postherniorrhaphy chronic inguinodynia (neuralgia) occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. These patients report severe, debilitating pain and pose a difficult ongoing management problem. Treatment modalities have included local analgesics and steroid injections, various drugs, behavioral therapy, cryotherapy, alcohol or phenol injections, and neurectomy or neurolysis. Postherniorrhaphy pain syndromes are thought to be caused by injury to or entrapment of the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, genitofemoral, or lateral cutaneous nerves. Onset is usually immediate, although delayed onset can occur, possibly due to scarring or neuroma formation.
Chapter 2 – Benzodiazepine, GABA, and Glutamate Receptors in Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum

Publisher Summary The neutral amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interacts with two types of synaptic receptors, GABAA and GABAB. EAA interacts with at least four different synaptic receptors in mammalian brain, namely, the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate, kainate, and aminophosphonobutyric acid sites. The NMDA receptors have multiple modulatory sites and simple amino acid glycine enhances the agonist activation of NMDA receptors. Kainate acts at the quisqualate receptor and physiology of kainate is similar to that of quisqualate, but kainate is also very neurotoxic. Nonspecific binding of GABAA and benzodiazepine receptors assays is less than 5% of total binding observed in cerebral cortex. The density of benzodiazepine receptors is correlated with the density of GABAA receptors. NMDA receptors are most dense in outer layers of cerebral cortex, and kainate binding sites are very dense in the deep layers of cortex. The absolute densities of binding cannot be compared visually. Each ligand has certain unique features of its regional distribution.
Use of test weights for breastfeeding infants with congenital heart disease in a cardiac transitional care unit: a best practice implementation project.

Objectives The goal of this project was to promote breastfeeding among infants with congenital heart disease in a quaternary care academic children's hospital. We aimed to increase the total number of breastfeeding episodes among all patients in the Pediatric Cardiac Transitional Care Unit with implementation of pre- and post-breastfeeding (test) weights. Introduction Infants with congenital heart disease are able to breastfeed, but are often not encouraged to do so by healthcare providers. Fears and concerns relating to the inability to account for exact intake volumes through breastfeeding often prevent providers from supporting breastfeeding in these patients. Methods This project used Joanna Briggs Institute's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) audit tool for promoting health practice change. A baseline medical record audit was conducted, followed by staff nurse education on breastfeeding test weights and the development of a parent education program. One follow-up audit measured compliance with best practice criteria for using breastfeeding test weights in infants with congenital heart disease. Results Compliance rates for use of breastfeeding test weights and provision of parent education, with baseline rates of 7% and 0%, respectively, rose to 90%. Identification of maternal intent to breastfeed upon admission to the unit increased to 78% compliance from 0%. Eighty-four percent of healthcare staff were educated on breastfeeding test weights. Conclusions The safety of breastfeeding very ill infants was established. Breastfeeding episodes of all patients in the unit significantly increased after implementation of breastfeeding test weights and mothers of the sample patients expressed more confidence in breastfeeding their sick infants. Although barriers to breastfeeding for patients with congenital heart disease still persisted, this project had a positive impact on the culture of breastfeeding within the project unit. Increased healthcare provider education on breastfeeding will be essential to sustaining outcomes of this implementation.
Physiological responses to high intensity intermittent sound

Eighteen Ss were exposed to brief periods of high intensity intermittent sound at three pulses per second and at levels of from 100 to 120 db. Skin temperature, skin impedance, ekg and continuous systolic blood pressure from the finger were recorded. The results indicated little or no effect on any of the measures except GSR which showed a linear increase in magnitude of response with an increase in intensity of sound. Comparisons with previous reports and some tentative explanations are presented.
Pancharatnam-Berry Phase in a Condensate of Indirect Excitons

We report on the observation of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in a condensate of indirect excitons realized in a GaAs coupled quantum well structure. Our measurements indicate long range coherent spin transport.
The Role of Lithium in Management of Endocrine Tumors-A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Epidemiological data reveal that treatment with lithium, a mood stabilizer, is associated with decreased incidence and mortality of certain cancer types, such as melanoma. Therefore, repositioning of lithium as an anticancer agent has emerged as a promising strategy in oncology. Since lithium affects the physiology of several endocrine tissues, the goal of this study was to analyze the role of lithium in the pathogenesis and treatment of tumors of the endocrine system. Methods: The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, were searched from January 1970 through February 2019 for articles including the keywords “lithium and”—“thyroid cancer,” “thyroid nodule,” “parathyroid adenoma,” “parathyroid carcinoma,” “pituitary adenoma,” “pituitary neuroendocrine tumor,” “neuroendocrine tumor,” “carcinoid,” “adrenal adenoma,” “adrenal carcinoma,” “pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.” Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies as well as case series, retrospective cohort studies and prospective trials were selected for the analysis. Results: Treatment with lithium has been associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid enlargement, hypothyroidism and increased calcium levels due to parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, as one of the mechanisms of its action is to stimulate proliferation of normal follicular thyroid and parathyroid cells via activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Supratherapeutic concentrations of lithium decrease the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), leading to cell cycle arrest in several in vitro cancer models including medullary thyroid cancer (TC), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and carcinoid. Growth inhibitory effects of lithium in vivo have been documented in medullary TC xenograft mouse models. Clinically, lithium has been used as an adjuvant agent to therapy with radioactive iodine (RAI), as it increases the residence time of RAI in TC. Conclusion: Patients chronically treated with lithium need to be screened for hypothyroidism, goiter, and hyperparathyroidism, as the prevalence of these endocrine abnormalities is higher in lithium-treated patients than in the general population. The growth inhibitory effects of lithium in medullary TC, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and carcinoid were achieved with supratherapeutic concentrations of lithium thus limiting its translational perspective. Currently available clinical data on the efficacy of lithium in the therapy of endocrine tumors in human is limited and associated with conflicting results.
Free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance of interstitial lung fibrosis

Abstract Purpose Computed tomography (CT) imaging is the standard to assess interstitial lung disease. Magnetic resonance (MR) is potentially advantageous due to superior tissue characterization and better assessment of blood flow dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using prototype 4D Stack of Stars GRE (StarVIBE) MR and compare it to CT. Method This IRB-approved prospective study included 13 patients [5F:8M; average age 66 ± 8.1 years] with pulmonary fibrosis, and 12 healthy controls [3F:9M; average age 55 ± 3.6 years]. MR of the chest included noncontrast steady-state free precession imaging (SSFP) and free-breathing 4D StarVIBE sequence with intravenous contrast administration up to 160 s. The images were assessed for quality and artifacts. The image resolution was evaluated based on the visibility of the smallest bronchi, vessels, lymph nodes, and pleural fissures. Independent assessment of reticulation, ground-glass opacity, and traction bronchiectasis was performed and compared to CT. Results The StarVIBE images had fewer artifacts and higher spatial resolution. The findings associated with IPF were significantly better seen with StarVIBE, with superior CT correlation. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced free-breathing StarVIBE MR can generate high quality images with good correlation to CT in patients with IPF, and with high spatial and temporal resolution to generate rapid sequential dynamic images.
Theory, simulation and experiment of optical properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles

Abstract Optical properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles are modeled and simulated employing finite element analysis (FEA) and density functional theory (DFT) for different particle sizes. The simulated absorption maxima of electronic excitations is red-shifted from 330 nm to 410 nm using finite element analysis and from 331.27 nm to 409.07 nm using quantum mechanical method, with increasing particle sizes from 40 nm to 50 nm. The measured absorption maxima matched the simulated results reasonably well and red-shifted to longer wavelengths from 315.59 nm to 426.73 nm with the increase in particle sizes from 30 nm to 50 nm. The DFT simulated, FEA simulated and experimentally derived optical band gap energies, Eg, were also acquired and compared. The simulated Eg values decreased from 3.228 to 2.478 eV and from 3.266 to 2.456 eV, while the experimental Eg value decreased from 3.473 to 2.697 eV, with increasing the particle sizes. The research demonstrated that the optical absorption of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles can be described with high accuracy using the quantum mechanical interpretation based on DFT. FEA based simulations have shown limitations for smaller (
Unraveling the Structure and Binding Energy of Adsorbed CO2/H2O on Amine Sorbents

One critical issue in the design of amine-based sorbents and solvents for next-generation CO2 capture technology is the effect of H2O on the behavior of adsorbed CO2. To gain an insight into the ef...
Safety and Belonging in Immigrant-Serving Districts: Domains of Educator Practice in a Charged Political Landscape:

Drawing from a context of reception framework, this article asks the following questions: How do educators describe issues of safety and belonging in the context of a charged immigration policy cli...
‘Dos Lid funem Hemd’: A Yiddish Translation of a Classic Victorian Poem

Yiddish proletarian poet Morris Winchevsky translated ‘Song of the Shirt,’ a classic Victorian poem by Thomas Hood. This article examines Winchevsky’s Yiddish translation verse by verse, looking at Winchevsky’s choice of Yiddish words that convey, enhance, or alter Hood’s meaning. The article demonstrates Winchevsky’s facility in language and translation, and his ability to create a distinctly Yiddish version of a classic English poem.
Method for Estimating the Presence of Clostridium perfringens in Food

The methods currently used for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in food are often inadequate because of the rapid loss of viability of this organism when the sample is frozen or refrigerated. A method for estimating the presence of C. perfringens in food which utilizes the hemolytic and lecithinase activities of alpha toxin was developed. The hemolytic activity was measured in hemolysin indicator plates. Lecithinase activity of the extract was determined by the lecithovitellin test. Of 34 strains of C. perfringens associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, 32 produced sufficient alpha toxin in roast beef with gravy and in chicken broth to permit a reliable estimate of growth in these foods. Alpha toxin was extracted from food with 0.4 m saline buffered (at pH 8.0) with 0.05 mN-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid and concentrated by dialysis against 30% polyethylene glycol. A detectable quantity of alpha toxin was produced by approximately 10(6)C. perfringens cells per g of substrate, and the amount increased in proportion to the cell population. Results obtained with food samples responsible for gastroenteritis in humans indicate that a correlation can be made between the amount of alpha toxin present and previous growth of C. perfringens in food regardless of whether the organisms are viable when the examination is performed.
Abstract P307: The Interaction Between An Individual's Acculturation And Community Factors on Physical Inactivity and Obesity

Introduction: Few studies of acculturation examined the interaction between community-level factors (neighborhood median income, ethnic composition, etc.) and individual-level acculturation measures, while an individual’s acculturation status might function through community-level factors to have an impact on his/her health. Methods: We pool the 2005 and 2007 Los Angeles County Health Survey data to construct a multilevel dataset, using zip-code-level median household income and immigrant density (drawn from the United States Census) to aggregate ZIP-codes into larger areas to ensure sufficient sample size in each geographic unit for multilevel analysis. We interact the neighborhood median household income (NMHI) and immigrant density variables with each individual’s linguistic acculturation (i.e., speaking English at home) to examine the interaction’s association with physical inactivity, obesity and hypertension. We include perceived public safety as a covariate to test the hypothesis that perceived public safety mediates the association between acculturation and health outcomes. Results: Linguistic acculturation is a modifier of the relationship between NMHI and physical inactivity, as well as the association between NMHI and obesity outcome. The interaction between higher NMHI and higher linguistic acculturation is negatively associated with physical inactivity and obesity at the individual level (for physical inactivity: OR=.624, 95% CI=.473 - .823; for obesity: OR=.517, 95% CI=.384 - .696). These odds ratios remain significant after we include the individual’s perceived public safety. Discussion: This study shows a possible pathway between acculturation and health outcomes (though no causal conclusions can be drawn): higher-level linguistic acculturation interacts with higher community-level income to generate lower level of physical inactivity and obesity.
Analysis of lymphatic protein flux data: I. Estimation of the reflection coefficient and permeability surface area product for total protein

Abstract The reflection coefficient (σP,f) and permeability surface area product (PSf) were determined using lymph total protein fluxes in three different vascular beds: lung, intestine, and hindpaw. When protein flux (JP), lymph flow (JL) and concentration of protein in lymph and plasma are substituted into the Kedem and Katchalsky equation, the following equation results: J P = (1 − σ P,f ) ( (C P + C L ) 2 )J V + PS (C P − C L ) . At each lymph flow and protein flux state the above equation is linear in σP,f and PSf. This method was used at several different lymph flow states in order to produce a family of lines relating σP,f and PSf in any given capillary bed. These linear equations were then solved either graphically or numerically to obtain a σP,f and PSf between any pair of protein flux states. For the intestine, σP,f varied between 0.3 and 0.9 using data from several published sources. For the hindpaw data, σP,f varied from 0.700 to 0.997. For the lung, only one σP,f could be calculated using this approach and the calculated value was 0.73. From our analyses, it is quite clear that σP,f is a function of the volume flow and is not equal to the osmotic filtration coefficient [σP,D of the relationship JV = KF,C(ΔP − σP,D Δπ)] except for a homoporous capillary membrane. At the present time we do not have the necessary data to analyze our approach fully and future work should analyze not only total protein but each protein fraction present in lymph collected at as many physiological steady states as possible.
An Architecture for a Multi-threaded Harness Kernel

Harness is a reconfigurable, heterogeneous distributed meta-computing framework for the dynamic configuration of distributed virtual machines, through the use of parallel "plug-in" software components. A parallel plug-in is a software module that exists as a synchronized collection of traditional plug-ins distributed across a parallel set of resources. As a follow-on to PVM, the Harness kernel provides a base set of services that plug-ins can use to dynamically define the behavior of the encompassing virtual machine. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation details of an efficient, multi-threaded Harness core framework, written in C. We discuss the rationale and details of the base kernel components - for communication, message handling, distributed control, groups, data tables, and plug-in maintenance and function execution - and how they can be used in the construction of highly dynamic distributed virtual machines.
Connecting "Auto" to "Ethno" in Writing Self and Other

Deborah E. Reed-Danahay. ed. Auto/Ethnography: Rewriting the Self and the Social. Oxford: Berg, 1997 277 pp.
Distribution of Vibrio vulnificus in the Chesapeake Bay.

Vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal human pathogen capable of producing septicemia in susceptible persons. Disease is almost always associated with consumption of seafood, particularly raw oysters, or with exposure of wounds to seawater. An oligonucleotide DNA probe (V. vulnificus alkaline phosphatase-labeled DNA probe [VVAP]), previously shown to be highly specific for V. vulnificus, was used to enumerate this species in environmental samples collected from the Chesapeake Bay between April 1991 and December 1992. Total aerobic, heterotrophic, culturable bacteria were enumerated by plate counts on nonselective medium. The number of V. vulnificus organisms was determined by colony lifts of spread plates for subsequent hybridization with VVAP. V. vulnificus was not detected in any samples collected during February and March (water temperature of 8 degrees C), with concentrations ranging from 3.0 x 10(1) to 2.1 x 10(2)/ml (ca. 8% of the total culturable heterotrophic bacteria). In a multiple regression analysis, increased V. vulnificus concentrations were correlated with lower salinities and with isolation from samples collected closer to the bottom. Isolation from oysters was demonstrable when water temperatures were 7.6 degrees C, with concentrations ranging from 1.0 x 10(3) to 4.7 x 10(4)/g (ca. 12% of total culturable bacteria). In samples collected in May and July, V. vulnificus was identified in seven of seven plankton samples and four of nine sediment samples. Our data demonstrate that V. vulnificus is a widespread and important component of the bacterial population of the Chesapeake Bay, with counts that are comparable to those reported from the Gulf of Mexico.
Physiological and Hematological Changes among Basketball Players during Preseason

Abstract Past studies of male basketball players have been limited to skill analyses, anthropometric measures, strength determination, predictive motor ability tests, and two studies conducted on heart rate and blood pressure following preseason training. The present study has attempted to assess maximal aerobic capacity, hematological determinations as well as selected anthropometric and strength measures among the entire University of Arkansas basketball team. Measures were taken at the beginning and conclusion of an 8-wk preseason training program, which combined interval and distance running with a 3 day/wk weight lifting regimen. Significant changes were found in body weight (2 lb), upper arm girth (.15 in.), skinfolds (triceps: −.8 mm; thigh: −1.2 mm; iliac crest: −1.3 mm; subscapulae: −.4 mm and percentage body fat: −.9%), horizontal flexion (dominant: 25.0 lb; nondominant: 25.9 lb), elbow extension (nondominant: 14.8 lb), leg strength (121.9 lb), recovery heart rate (at 2 min: −8.3), diastolic blo...
The teaching of law in medical education.

Medical schools should have formal curriculum on the laws and regulations that pertain to medical practice. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Will the public accept UAVs for cargo and passenger transportation

Unmanned (pilotless) Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly replacing manned military aircraft. Department of Defense initiatives mandate that 'by 2010, one-third of the operational deep strike aircraft of the Armed Forces be unmanned" based on Senate National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001. Unmanned aircraft for commercial applications, i.e., cargo and passenger transportation, is also being considered. This study documents public opinion of unmanned aircraft for commercial transportation of cargo and passengers. Furthermore, this study assesses if the public can be persuaded into acceptance of unmanned aircraft use for commercial transportation if they are provided education, emotional, and financial considerations. To achieve this objective, cross-sectional descriptive research (i.e. survey research) utilizing standardized questionnaires was provided to study participants. The results of the study indicate that the public finds cargo transportation to be the most readily acceptable form of UAV commercial transportation and when educated on unmanned aircraft, even minimally, the public opinion tends to significantly alter on the issue of passenger unmanned aircraft transportation.