cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Technical Requirement of Lead-free Component

Several critical topics to the qualification of lead-free components were described. Sn-Ag-Cu alloy of solder paste was recommended by electronics assembly industry. The melt point of above-mentioned alloy is 217℃, it means that the higher temperature is required for lead-free assembly. The component is the most important factor impacting lead-free process conversion. And the quality of lead-free components,including packaging requirement, peak temperature, solderability, requirement of component leads and terminations, assembly reliability test of component,etc, should be qualified. A qualification criterion of lead-free components shall be established for reliability of productions in your company.
High Override Rate for Opioid Drug-allergy Interaction Alerts: Current Trends and Recommendations for Future

This study examined trends in drug-allergy interaction (DAI) alert overrides for opioid medications - the most commonly triggered alerts in the computerized provider order entry (CPOE). We conducted an observational analysis of the DAI opioid alerts triggered over the last decade (2004-2013, n=342,338) in two large academic hospitals in Boston (United States). We found an increasing rate of DAI alert overrides culminating in 89.7% in 2013. Allergic reactions included a high proportion (38.2%) of non-immune mediated opioid reactions (e.g. gastrointestinal upset). The DAI alert override rate was high for immune mediated (88.6%) and life threatening reactions (87.8%). Exact allergy-medication matches were overridden less frequently (about 70%) compared to non-exact matches within allergy groups (over 90%). About one-third of the alert override reasons pointed to irrelevant alerts (i.e."Patient has tolerated the medication before") and 44.9% were unknown. Those findings warrant further investigation into providers' reasons for high override rate. User interfaces should evolve to enable less interruptive and more accurate alerts to decrease alert fatigue.
Subpicosecond Fluorescence Anisotropy Measurements of Tryptophanyl Residues in Proteins

The fluorescence anisotropy of tryptophanyl residues in proteins is used as a probe of protein motion. We have recently shown [1] that the short time (200 fs – 10 ps) region of the fluorescence anisotropy of tryptophan in solution is dominated by an electronic relaxation process, which has the potential to obscure molecular motion. The question arises as to the relevance of this result for the behavior of tryptophanyl residues in proteins. To address this question we have examined the subpicosecond fluorescence anisotropy of tryptophanyl residues in two very different enviroments — exposed to the solvent in melittin, a 26 amino acid peptide, and buried in a hydrophobic region in apoazurin purified from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Measurements were made by ultraviolet fluorescence upconversion described elsewhere [1]. Samples were degassed and flowed in absence of air. Concentrations were adjusted so the optical density at the excitation wavelength was between 0.6 and 1.0 for a 1 mm pathlength.
Transformational Growth: From Say’s Law to the Multiplier

There’s a famous Sherlock Holmes story in which the clue is the dog that didn’t bark. The history of economic thought presents us with a similar clue — in the multiplier that wasn’t there, in the work of Ricardo and Marx and, indeed, other 19th century economists. Why, when they developed many analytically more difficult ideas, did they fail to develop the multiplier? In the case of Ricardo and Marx, the problem is particularly striking, since the direct and indirect labor embodied in a good is the employment multiplier for that good, and the set of labor values for the economy as a whole is the matrix employment multiplier for the economy. Why, when they developed the theory of labor values, did Ricardo and Marx not take the further step of defining the employment multiplier?
Actor-Network Theory and Traditional Cultural Properties: Exploring Irrigation as a Hybrid Network in 19th Century Hawai`i

During the late 19th century, customary Hawaiian systems of mutual sharing and obligations between chiefs and commoners were reconstructed into questions of property ownership and rights. Water was...
Making sense of professional work: Metaphors for reference and information service

Abstract Information professionals' conceptualizations of reference and information service (RIS) are explored by examining the metaphors these professionals used in describing their work. Framed by Lakoff and Johnson's (1980) conceptual metaphor theory, explicit comparisons, figurative language and metaphorical jargon used by 20 information professionals in interviews about their work were analyzed. The conceptual categories developed from the analysis reveal a variety of conceptualizations of RIS, such as navigation, puzzle/mystery, and creation, which are generally positive and productive, but which tend to focus on information provision rather than communication and user relationships. This research contributes to self-awareness among RIS professionals, and is useful for those moving into the field. Further, it adds the voice of library and information science to the wider discourse on professional work.
Advances in multi-view matrix factorizations

As the emergement of high-throughput measurement technologies, we are entering the big data era. Modern data are often generated from heterogeneous multiple sources, thus can be called multi-view data. The challenge of effectively integrating such data for decision making and novel knowledge discovery is raised. Matrix factorization methods have historically played important roles in various analyses of single-view data sets. These models have been recently generalized for the analysis of multi-view data in a few areas. In order to better understand the theories and applications of these models, as well as inspire new studies in this field, in this paper, we discuss multi-view matrix factorization models mainly from a Bayesian view point using the same notation system.
Recent Upgrades at the Safety and Tritium Applied Research Facility

AbstractThis paper gives a brief overview of the Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) facility operated by the Fusion Safety Program (FSP) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). FSP researchers use the STAR facility to carry out experiments in tritium permeation and retention in various fusion materials, including wall armor tile materials. FSP researchers also perform other experimentation as well to support safety assessment in fusion development. This lab, in its present two-building configuration, has been in operation for over ten years. The main experiments at STAR are briefly described. This paper discusses recent work to enhance personnel safety at the facility. The STAR facility is a Department of Energy less than hazard category 3 facility; the personnel safety approach calls for ventilation and tritium monitoring for radiation protection. The tritium areas of STAR have about 4 to 12 air changes per hour, with air flow being once through and then routed to the facility vent stack. Additio...
A Novel Modification to the Incremental Forming Process, Part 1: Multi-directional Tooling

Abstract Incremental forming (IF) is a novel sheet material forming technique, which has the ability to eliminate the need for die sets. The IF method forms sheet material by use of a non-cutting tool, which gradually deforms the sheet material into the desired shape. In the following works, this research proposes a range of novel tool geometries that allows forming of the sheet material in multiple directions at a rapid rate, allowing for greater formability, improved surface finish, and reduced springback. Additionally, several tool features are proposed which achieve this forming motion. Part 1 of this research describes the design of the tooling, as well as variations that are possible with the tool's geometry. In part 2 of this research, the proposed forming method is validated.
Accommodation-invariant computational near-eye displays

Although emerging virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) systems can produce highly immersive experiences, they can also cause visual discomfort, eyestrain, and nausea. One of the sources of these symptoms is a mismatch between vergence and focus cues. In current VR/AR near-eye displays, a stereoscopic image pair drives the vergence state of the human visual system to arbitrary distances, but the accommodation, or focus, state of the eyes is optically driven towards a fixed distance. In this work, we introduce a new display technology, dubbed accommodation-invariant (AI) near-eye displays, to improve the consistency of depth cues in near-eye displays. Rather than producing correct focus cues, AI displays are optically engineered to produce visual stimuli that are invariant to the accommodation state of the eye. The accommodation system can then be driven by stereoscopic cues, and the mismatch between vergence and accommodation state of the eyes is significantly reduced. We validate the principle of operation of AI displays using a prototype display that allows for the accommodation state of users to be measured while they view visual stimuli using multiple different display modes.
Towards the Algorithm of Discovery: Identifying the Rules that link tRNA and mRNA

Abstract In this paper, we continue investigating the structure of the Primary Language of the human brain introduced by J. von Neumann in 1957. According to our hypothesis, the Primary Language is the Language of Visual Streams (mental movies). Our investigation is focused on the major ancient algorithms essential for the development of humanity, which should have used the Primary Language directly, bypassing human symbolic languages. One of them is the Algorithm of Discovery (AD), the algorithm for inventing new algorithms. We investigate the AD by applying it to the past discoveries. In this paper, we apply it to rediscovering the “mechanics” of protein translation. We emphasize application of mosaic reasoning as one of the means for focusing visual streams in the desired direction. Specifically, we identify the matching rules that are used to link the mRNA and tRNA mosaics.
Curated Decay: Heritage Beyond Saving

Caitlin DeSilvey’s Curated Decay walks the reader through an important aspect of heritage work often overshadowed by the dominant preservationist ethic in heritage professions: letting material thi...
Does feedback matter? Evidence from agricultural services

Abstract We design a field experiment to test whether eliciting feedback can affect demand for a service. We randomly assign different feedback tools in the context of an agricultural service and track their impact on farmers' demand. We find large demand effects, in the current and following agricultural seasons. These demand effects spill over, as non-client farmers in the vicinity of treated groups are more likely to sign up. Announcing monitoring to trainers across treatment and control communities has little effect on trainers' effort. We conclude that increasing farmers' control over the quality and content leads their higher demand for the service.
Automatic Verification and Augmentation of Multilingual Lexicons.

We present an approach for automatic verification and augmentation of multilingual lexica. We exploit existing parallel and monolingual corpora to extract multilingual correspondents via tri-angulation. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on two publicly available resources: Tharwa, a three-way lexicon comprising Dialectal Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and English lemmas among other information (Diab et al., 2014); and BabelNet, a multilingual thesaurus comprising over 276 languages including Arabic variant entries (Navigli and Ponzetto, 2012). Our automated approach yields an F1-score of 71.71% in generating correct multilingual correspondents against gold Tharwa, and 54.46% against gold BabelNet without any human intervention.
Power distance belief and preference for transparency

Abstract Transparency is a significant topic of debate in virtually every domain of human existence today. However, an understanding of conditions when it is preferred and when it is not is ambiguous. In this paper, we show that preference for transparency may be driven by people's power distance belief (PDB; Hofstede, 2001 ). Six studies in different domains—corporate transgressions, job interview settings, and corporate policy—reveal that people low in PDB express greater preference for transparency than those high in PDB. Findings are discussed from the perspective of the need for a clearer definition of transparency and a better understanding of the moderators of its preference.
ECOLOGICAL REALITY AND MODEL VALIDATION

Definitions of model realism and model validation are developed. Ecological and mathematical arguments are then presented to show that model equations which explicitly treat ecosystem processes can be systematically improved such that greater realism is attained and the condition of validity is approached. Several examples are presented.
Real or fake? Resources for teaching college students how to identify fake news

Fake news has captured the world’s attention. Educational survey research has highlighted the difficulties students and adults have in determining how to identify valid sources. Psychology can help...
Factors that Determine the Length Scale for Uniform Tinting in Dynamic Windows Based on Reversible Metal Electrodeposition

Dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition are attractive compared to conventional electrochromics because they can have neutral color, high contrast, and potentially lower cost, yet they are not nearly as developed, and the design rules for making them function at large scale are not presented in the literature. We model the voltage drops that occur in the transparent electrodes to get insight on how to obtain uniform electrodeposition of metals over large area. By optimizing the surface and density of the Pt nanoparticles used to nucleate metal growth, we lower the nucleation barrier for electrodeposition by 70 mV. We show that the growth rate of the metal films is determined by diffusion rather than reaction kinetics, which makes it possible to achieve uniform film deposition over a range of potentials from −300 to −700 mV. We demonstrate 100 cm2 dynamic windows that are color-neutral and tint uniformly from a clear state (>60%) to a dark state (<5%) in less than 1 min.
Lethal Midline Granuloma

Polymorphic reticulosis/lymphomatoid granulomatosis complex is the preferred term for lethal midline granuloma. Lethal midline granuloma includes a spectrum of etiologic possibilities, including bacterial, fungal, neoplastic, and unknown origins. When lethal midline granuloma is localized to the upper airways it is termed polymorphic reticulosis. It may produce erosion of the upper airway and face. When localized, it responds to radiotherapy. Differentiation from malignant lymphoma, bacterial infection, fungal infection and Wegener’s granulomatosis is essential for proper management.
Connecting Research on Retinitis Pigmentosa to the Practice of Orientation and Mobility

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causes restriction of the visual field, progressive vision loss, and night blindness. This article presents an overview of the current management options for O&M and descr...
Abstract 5638: Combination use of EF2K and VPS34 inhibitors with anti-androgen against drug-resistant castration resistant prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Modulating the activity of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) has been suggested to regulate protein elongation to block autophagy in the tumor microenvironment. Among inhibitors of eEF2K, one would also inhibit VPS34, a class III phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and abrogate autophage flux to impair the survival escape mechanism. We tested the eEF2K and VPS 34 inhibitors from Janssen alone or in combination with anti-androgens for their effects on proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines, especially some castration resistant PC (CRPC) lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell proliferation was assessed with various concentrations of the EF2K or VPS34 inhibitor on CRPC lines using WST-1 viability assay. Effect of combinations of EF2K or VPS34 inhibitor with anti-androgens abiraterone (Abi) or enzalutamide (Enza) on drug-resistant CRPC cells was further explored. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the response of key autophagic molecules, androgen receptor (AR) and variant. Real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to elucidate the effect of EF2K or VPS34 inhibitor alone or together with anti-androgens on AR, AR variant and their downstream molecules. RESULTS: EF2K and VPS34 inhibitors suppressed CRPC cell growth in a dose-response manner with IC50 ranging from 1 to 5 µM. These inhibitors displayed synergy with Abi and Enza against drug-resistant CRPC cells; especially on the pair of enza + EF2K inhibitor with p = 0.02 for significant difference when compared to enza or EF2K inhibitor alone. To our surprise, no significant autophagy was induced by these two inhibitors according to the autophagy markers detected by Western blots. VPS34 inhibitor alone and when combined with Abi and Enza showed AR/variant degrading ability. This downregulation was at the expression level with significant change of AR and V7, together with their transactivation markers PSA, TMPRS2, NKx3.1 and FKBP5 detected by RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION: EF2K and VPS34 inhibitors when combined with anti-androgens may solicit profound inhibitory effect on drug-resistant CRPC cells. Molecular delineation demonstrated the direct target might be AR and its variants. These combinations offered a new therapeutic option for advanced PC treatments. Citation Format: Joy C. Yang, Vito Cucchiara, Allen C. Gao, Christopher P. Evans. Combination use of EF2K and VPS34 inhibitors with anti-androgen against drug-resistant castration resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5638. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5638
Selection for Weaning Weight and Postweaning Gain in Hereford Cattle. III. Correlated Responses to Selection in Milk Yield, Preweaning and Postweaning Traits

Single trait selection was practiced in three lines of Hereford cattle. Bulls were selected within sire families for increased weaning weight (WW) in the WW line (WWL), for postweaning gain (PG) in the PG line (PGL) and at random in the control line (CTL). Correlated responses to selection indicated that predicted milk yield in cows and preweaning daily gain and yearling weight in bulls and heifers were genetically improved in both WWL and PGL. Larger correlated responses were observed in PGL than in WWL. Birth weight in bulls and heifers increased in PGL but no genetic change was observed in WWL. Feed efficiency, feed intake and fatness were evaluated in bulls on postweaning feedlot test. No significant correlated responses in feed efficiency were observed in either line. Larger correlated responses in feed intake were observed in PGL bulls than in WWL bulls, while fatness was significantly increased in both selection lines.
Measuring Military Professionalism in Partner Nations: Guidance for Security Assistance Officials

The U.S. spends billions of dollars in its security cooperation program to develop “professional, accountable, and capable security forces” in other nations, part of a grand strategy to improve glo...
Validating Fitbit for Evaluation of Physical Activity in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Do Thresholds Matter?

Objective We sought to evaluate the performance of Fitbit in estimating ActiGraph-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in the knee osteoarthritis (OA) population. Methods We used data from two weeks of Fitbit and ActiGraph wear among knee OA subjects. In primary analyses, we used literature-based ActiGraph thresholds of 200 and 1924 counts/min (triaxial vector magnitude) for sedentary and MVPA time as the gold standard to which we compared three sets of Fitbit thresholds informed by literature and data (Youden index). We also considered personalized, stride length-based Fitbit thresholds. In sensitivity analyses, we used uniaxial, vertical axis-based as well as personalized, BMI-based ActiGraph thresholds. We calculated agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of Fitbit in classifying sedentary and MVPA time. Results In the primary analysis (vector magnitude thresholds), maximum agreement for sedentary and MVPA time was 67.0% from the Youden index-based and 91.1% from the stride length-based Fitbit thresholds. For sedentary time, the 20 strides/min threshold had the highest sensitivity (97.6%), and Youden-derived 1 stride/min had the highest specificity (51.6%). For MVPA, Youden-derived 14 strides/min yielded 72.8% sensitivity, and using stride length yielded 98.6% specificity. MVPA time ranged from 49-323 min/d, depending on threshold used, with literature-based and personalized thresholds leading to more conservative estimates of MVPA than Youden-derived thresholds. Conclusion Using Fitbit for MVPA and sedentary time assessment may lead to inaccurate estimates of both. Fitbit MVPA estimates were generally more conservative than ActiGraph estimates. Incorporating individuals' characteristics did not meaningfully improve Fitbit performance. Caution should be exercised when measuring activity using Fitbit.
A Commerce Clause Standard for the New Millennium: 'Yes' to Broad Congressional Control Over Commercial Transactions; 'No' to Federal Legislation on Social and Cultural Issues

In a 1999 Iowa Law Review article co-authored with Professor Robert J. Pushaw, Jr., Professor Nelson employed a “Neo-federalist” methodology in analyzing the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. In this prior article, Professors Nelson and Pushaw developed a Commerce Clause test that requires that (1) Congress be regulating “commerce” and (2) the activity at issue has a commercial impact in more than one state. Nelson and Pushaw also accepted that Congress may protect the commerce it regulations by prohibiting noneconomic crimes or torts that interfere with or threaten such commerce. The current article applies this proposed standard to existing Supreme Court Commerce Clause decisions. It also examines the impact of the standard on existing federal legislation that has not yet been tested by the Supreme Court, such as drug enforcement, environmental regulation, family law and other criminal statutes. In addition, it evaluates the impact of the standard on potential future federal legislation. Then, it advocates for a more active Commerce Clause role for Congress in dealing with commercial transactions and a more limited role in the social and cultural sphere. Finally, in so doing, it suggests a modified focus for the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform Laws during the next millennium.
On the uniform stress/uniform stretch states of prestressed arteries

Abstract This work examines the mechanics of the circumferentially prestressed N-layer artery, subject to axial tethering force and the internal pressure of blood, focusing on the uniform stretch state, the uniform circumferential stress states and the transitional states between them. Under increasing pressure the ith layer is shown to experience five distinct stages, two of which are the uniform stretch state and the uniform circumferential stress state. For arbitrary strain energy density, simple analytical expressions are presented for the stress distributions and the internal pressure at these specialized states. For the 1-layer, uniform tubular model of an artery without axial tethering force, the results coincide with those of Destrade et al. (2012). For the 2-layer composite tube, which models the mechanically significant medial and adventitial layers of large elastic arteries, numerical solutions are obtained employing two microstructurally based constitutive models for medial and adventitial arterial tissues, respectively. These results indicate that the uniform stretch state, the uniform circumferential stress state of the medial layer, and the uniform circumferential stress state of the adventitial layer occur at the diastolic blood pressure, the mean blood pressure, and the systolic blood pressure, respectively.
The Filtration Problem in Copyright's 'Substantial Similarity' Infringement Test

Copyright protects original artistic and literary expression. It does not protect ideas, facts, or other elements that may be found in artistic and literary works but which Section 102(b) of the Copyright Act, or the judge-made merger and scenes a faire doctrines, place outside the scope of copyright protection. That principle is easy enough to articulate, but actually implementing it in copyright infringement litigation is considerably more difficult. This Article focuses not on the theory of idea/expression boundary-setting, but on the mechanics. In particular, how can we make sure that the distinction between protectable expression and unprotectable ideas is faithfully reflected in infringement verdicts? To implement the copyright infringement standard, judges typically engage in a process of “filtration,” by which they separate out ideas and other unprotectable elements of a work. But this procedure does not, by itself, ensure that the idea/expression distinction plays its intended role in the ultimate decision regarding infringement, especially when that decision is made by a jury. If the court’s initial filtration is to have any role in ensuring that infringement is found only on the basis of similarity of protected elements, the jury must be instructed regarding the elements of the works at issue that are protected by copyright and those that are not. But in some cases, instructions may not be enough. To ensure that the idea/expression distinction is reflected faithfully, the jury must be able to replicate and apply the court’s filtration in reaching its verdict. As it stands today, the ways courts have formulated the infringement standard in copyright litigation actively undermines this critical obligation of the jury, encouraging jurors to consider unprotectable elements in their ultimate determinations. Part III sets out some measures that courts could take to more effectively communicate to juries the boundary between protected and unprotected elements in particular infringement cases. We will caution up front that it is unlikely that our recommendations, either singly or if implemented together, will eliminate a problem that seems endemic to our current copyright law, and a more dramatic change to the infringement standard may be required. The idea/expression distinction is likely to be systematically underenforced so long as juries are encouraged to use intuition rather than discernment in deciding about infringement—even if courts do a better job than they do now of providing juries with the instructions and other resources necessary for them to implement the idea/expression distinction.
Eye-Related Emergency Department Visits and The Opioid Epidemic: a 10-Year Analysis

To describe the epidemiology of Emergency Department (ED) visits related to opioid abuse with primary ophthalmic diagnoses in the United States (US). This retrospective cross-sectional study used N...
Genetic Influence on the Human Brain

Despite rapid advancements and widespread interest, the field of imaging-genetics is neither mature nor secure. Although single-gene implications related to prevalent disorders continue to attract the lion’s share of attention, of far greater importance for the maturation and longevity of the field is an established foundation regarding how genes influence basic neuroscience. The genetic search space is finite and defined; the neuroscience component is anything but. Therefore, the greatest limitation is our ability to translate image-based features into neuroscientific phenotypes. The field will fully emerge only if laboratories capable of doing imaging-genetics research perceive the need to define fundamental neuroscience in terms of genetic elements. To make progress toward this overarching goal, there is urgent need for a systematic program of discovery based on genetic underpinnings of brain function. This chapter details the efforts of the Genetics of Brain Structure and Function (GOBS) project to build such a program of discovery.
Convection Enhanced Delivery for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Review of a Single Institution Experience.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are a pontine subtype of diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors of childhood that carry a terrible prognosis. Because of the highly infiltrative growth pattern and the anatomical position, cytoreductive surgery is not an option. An initial response to radiation therapy is invariably followed by recurrence; mortality occurs approximately 11 months after diagnosis. The development of novel therapeutics with great preclinical promise has been hindered by the tightly regulated blood–brain barrier (BBB), which segregates the tumor comportment from the systemic circulation. One possible solution to this obstacle is the use of convection enhanced delivery (CED), a local delivery strategy that bypasses the BBB by direct infusion into the tumor through a small caliber cannula. We have recently shown CED to be safe in children with DIPG (NCT01502917). In this review, we discuss our experience with CED, its advantages, and technical advancements that are occurring in the field. We also highlight hurdles that will likely need to be overcome in demonstrating clinical benefit with this therapeutic strategy.
Lynching: Violence, Rhetoric, and American Identity: by Ersula J. Ore, Jackson, MS, University Press of Mississippi, 2019, 196 pp., $99 (hardcover), ISBN: 9781496821591, $30 (paperback), ISBN: 9781496824080.

At this moment in our collective social history, a number of Black American writers are asking the American public to reflect on the ways that memory and race continue to shape our social and colle...
Edge Intelligence for Next Generation Wireless Networks

In the past decade we have witnessed the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms with cloud computing in providing intelligence for smart applications. By collecting raw data from a multitude of mobile and wireless devices, the cloud server executes machine learning algorithms to train the data and perform data prediction. However, the growing number of devices has generated a tremendous amount of data. Transmitting massive data to centralized machine learning in the cloud has significant communication overhead and computational complexity. With the support of edge gateways, the significant burdens of massive data flow and exchanged information from large groups of devices can be efficiently alleviated in terms of both communication and computational overhead. Meanwhile, the exchanged information aims to reach the remote online system, in which the continuous and robust online services should be always guaranteed and ensured. As a promising solution, cyberinfrastructure is designed and developed to boost network intelligence by offering powerful computing systems, flexible data storage repositories, and advanced virtualization environments at both the edge and the cloud. Edge intelligence has emerged as a new trend for next generation wireless networks.
Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy, and Genetics

Some Latter-day Saints have expressed optimism that DNA research would lead to a vindication of the Book of Mormon as a translation of a genuine ancient document. The hope is that DNA research would link Native Americans to ancient Israelites, buttressing LDS beliefs in a way that has not been forthcoming from archaeological, linguistic, historical, or morphological research. The results, though, have been disappointing. This essay outlines two significant insights into the geography and history of human genes and their implications for Mormon thought. If the new embrace of DNA research has an impact on Mormon views of the world, it will likely propel new approaches to scripture and history already underway in Mormon intellectual circles. First, the genealogical data inscribed in human genes suggest to current researchers that humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor that lived in Africa between five and seven million years ago. This genetic data adds to the abundance of archaeological, fossil, and anatomical data pointing to ancient human origins in Africa and adds to difficulties in upholding scriptural literalism. Second, genealogical data inscribed in genes of modern humans and ancient American skeletons not only helps researchers to identify ultimate origins but also provides clues to ancient migration patterns. Current genetic data suggest that ancestors of Native Americans separated from their Asian neighbors about 40-50,000 years ago and from each other in what may have been three or more separate waves of migration by 7-15,000 years ago. No support for Mormon beliefs linking American Indians to ancient Israelites is evident in the data.
Tibial tuberosity transposition advancement for treatment of concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture and medial patellar luxation in four feline stifles

Case series summaryThree cats (four stifles) were diagnosed with varying grades of medial patellar luxation and stifle instability in cranial tibial thrust. Radiographs showed periarticular osteoph...
The Metaphorical Cloak of Exeter Riddle 83, “Ore/Gold/Metal”

In his recent book Unriddling the Exeter Riddles, Patrick Murphy argues that many of the Old English riddles, like folk riddles, “are shaped not only by their hidden solutions but also by an unname...
Bending the Rules in the Foothills—County General Planning in Exurban Northern California

The article directs attention to county planning in exurbia. Through a case study of a small, unincorporated community in the foothills of northern California, the research examines county planning as a flexible process that revisited zoning several times in its general plan update, eventually redefining and recodifying this exurban space as a working landscape. Using the concept of “creative law breaking,” the study shows that by publicly threatening to defy unreasonable land-use restrictions, activists in the community provided useful information to planners about the diversity and hybrid nature of exurban communities.
OPS: a domain-independent production system language

It has been claimed that production systems have several advantages over other representational schemes. These include the potential for general self-augmentation (i.e., learning of new behavior) and the ability to function in complex environments. The production system language, OPS, was implemented to test these claims. In this paper we explore some of the issues that bear on the design of production system languages and try to show the adequacy of OPS for its intended purpose.
Materials properties data base computerization

Material property data plays a key role in the design of jet engine components. Consistency, accuracy and efficient use of material property data is of prime importance to the engineering community. The system conception, development, implementation, and future plans for computer software that captures the Material Properties Handbook into a scientific data base are described. The engineering community is given access to raw data and property curves, display of multiple curves for material evaluation and selection, direct access by design analysis computer programs, display of the material specification, and a historical repository for the material evolution. The impact of this activity includes significant productivity gains and cost reductions; all users have access to the same information nd provides consistent, rapid response to the needs of the engineering community. Future plans include incorporating the materials properties data base into a network environment to access information from other data bases and download information to engineering work stations.
ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum. Molecular basis of the sigmoidal velocity curves induced by sulfhydryl group modification.

Abstract ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum is a noncooperative homooligomer containing three free sulfhydryl groups per subunit. Under nondenaturing conditions, one SH group per subunit was modified by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate), or N-ethylmaleimide. Modification had only a small effect on kcat, but markedly increased the [S]0.5 values for the substrates, MgATP and SO4(2-). MgATP and adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate protected against modification. The SH-modified enzyme displayed sigmoidal velocity curves for both substrates with Hill coefficients (nH) of 2. Fluorosulfonate (FSO3-) and other dead-end inhibitors competitive with SO4(2-) activated the SH-modified enzyme at low SO4(2-) concentration. In order to determine whether the sigmoidicity resulted from true cooperative binding (as opposed to a kinetically based mechanism), the shapes of the binding curves were established from the degree of protection provided by a ligand against phenylglyoxal-dependent irreversible inactivation under noncatalytic conditions. Under standard conditions (0.05 M Na-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-3-propanesulfonic acid buffer, pH 8, 30 degrees C, and 3mM phenylglyoxal) the native enzyme was inactivated with a k of 2.67 +/- 0.25 X 10-3 s-1, whereas k for the SH-modified enzyme was 5.44 +/- 0.27 X 10-3 s-1. The increased sensitivity of the modified enzyme resulted from increased reactivity of ligand-protectable groups. Both the native and the SH-modified enzyme displayed hyperbolic plots of delta k (i.e. protection) versus [MgATP], or [FSO3-], or [S2O3(2-]) in the absence of coligand (nH = 0.98 +/- 0.06). The plots of delta k versus [ligand] for the native enzyme were also hyperbolic in the presence of a fixed concentration of coligand. However, in the presence of a fixed [FSO3-] or [S2O3(2-]), the delta k versus [MgATP] plot for the SH-modified enzyme was sigmoidal, as was the plot of delta k versus [FSO3-] or [S2O3(2-]) in the presence of a fixed [MgATP]. The nH values were 1.92 +/- 0.09. The results indicate that substrates (or analogs) bind hyperbolically to unoccupied SH-modified subunits, but in a subunit-cooperative fashion to form a ternary complex.
Determining core competences in the information development environment: an example

Many articles have been written on how an organization can become more successful through building a core competence. Experience in this area has so far been gained mainly in manufacturing organizations. A different approach is necessary in other environments. This paper describes possible core competences inherent in the field of information development, and shows the methodology used to determine them. The methodology involves producing a series of matrixes that line up skills and customer requirements to arrive at the core competences.
Cytochrome P-450 enzyme-specific control of the regio- and enantiofacial selectivity of the microsomal arachidonic acid epoxygenase

Chiral analysis of the rat liver microsomal arachidonic acid epoxygenase metabolites shows enantioselective formation of 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in an approximately 2:1, 4:1, and 2:1 ratio of antipodes, respectively. Animal treatment with the cytochrome P-450 inducer phenobarbital increased the overall enantiofacial selectivity of the microsomal epoxygenase and caused a concomitant inversion in the absolute configurations of its metabolites. These effects of phenobarbital were time-dependent and temporally linked to increases in the concentration of microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Reconstitution of the epoxygenase reaction utilizing several purified cytochrome P-450 demonstrated that the asymmetry of epoxidation is under cytochrome P-450 enzyme control. These results established that the chirality of the hepatic arachidonic acid epoxygenase is under regulatory control and confirm cytochromes P-450 IIB1 and IIB2 as two of the endogenous epoxygenases induced in vivo by phenobarbital.
Drugs in the Brain: Autoradiography and radioassay techniques permit analysis of penetration by labeled drugs

In our studies on the entry of drugs into the central nervous system we have found the technique of autoradiography combined with radioassay to be a valuable research tool. It has disclosed such unsuspected phenomena as the dual routes of entry into the brain of acetazolamide. Although many factors controlling drug entry remain to be studied, we propose certain general conclusions. 1) The anatomical boundaries of brain are clearly reflected by the penetration and accumulation of all compounds we have studied—a finding that confirms the original proposition that whole-brain homogenates are inadequate for the study of drug and brain relationships. 2) Circulation, expressed as egional blood flow or volume of capillary blood, was seldom decisive in nfluencing entry or accumulation of exogenous substances in the brain. To date, the only compounds demonstrated to be circulation-dependent are trifluoroiodomethane and thiopental. Both are extremely fat-soluble. Tissue binding appears to be an additional factor in the case of thiopental. 3) Penetration is retarded by myelin. All substances we have studied have shown a relatively slower rate of entry into this tissue. In immature brain, before myelinization has taken lace, the primordial white matter is readily penetrated. We have suggested that entry into mature white matter is retarded by the lamellated membranes of the myelin sheath, which should be regarded, therefore, as a component of the blood-brain barrier. The small interstitial space indicated by the limited entry of sulfate ion is an additional hindrance to dispersal of exogenous substances into brain parenchyma. The blood-brain barrier is a complex anatomical, physiological, and biochemical phenomenon, and no unitary hypothesis is adequate to embrace all the observed events. 4) Accumulation of a drug in the brain implies some form of binding or interaction between drug and tissue. Findings on injection of phenobarbital, thiopental, or diphenylhydantoin illustrate such an accumulation. These binding interactions may be nonspecific, as is probable in the case of drugs bound to plasma protein. However, a more fundamental significance is suggested when a drug is found to bind, react with, or accumulate in, a specific anatomical structure of the brain. We have made reference to this possibility in connection with the localization of isonicotinic acid hydrazide or its metabolites in the hippocampus ( 46 ), and we have also reported the striking accumulation of acetazolamide in hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and hypothalamus. Although the binding process is poorly understood, further investigation of these phenomena should lead to a clearer understanding of regional variations in brain chemistry. While one should not assume that the demonstration of a focal concentration of a drug implies site of action, correlation between pharmacological action, electrophysiological events, biochemical changes, and temporal and regional drug concentrations may indeed exist ( 47 ).
Pulse Laser Holographic Interferometry

In the expectation that other speakers at this symposium will have thoroughly discussed the physical information that refractive measurements provide in the study of gas dynamics, the emphasis in the present contribution is entirely on the holographic techniques by which refractivity can be measured. The interpretation of holographically produced interference fringe patterns is, generally, equivalent to that of the fringe patterns produced by a conventional interferometer, although some exceptions are noted later. The primary justification for these techniques is the greater experimental simplicity and/or flexibility thereby achieved over older methods.
Community Oral History Toolkit. By Nancy MacKay, Mary Kay Quinlan, and Barbara W. Sommer.

Mary Kay Quinlan and Barbara Sommer, coauthors of The Oral History Manual (Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2002), have joined Nancy MacKay, author of Curating Oral Histories: From Interview to Archive ...
iCanLearn: A Mobile Application for Creating Flashcards and Social Stories™ for Children with Autism

This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of iCanLearn, a mobile flashcard application (app) that can also be used for creating social stories for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The app allows users to create personalized content using text, pictures and audio on their mobile devices (smartphones and tablets). Users of this application software can also share the content by connecting their devices over Wi-Fi. An evaluation of the app from both the perspective of children with ASD and their caregivers suggests that the app is easy to use.
Mutations in the non-helical linker segment L1-2 of keratin 5 in patients with Weber-Cockayne epidermolysis bullosa simplex

Keratins are the major structural proteins of the epidermis. Analyzing keratin gene sequences, appreciating the switch in keratin gene expression that takes place as epidermal cells commit to terminally differentiate, and elucidating how keratins assemble into 10 nm filaments, have provided the foundation that has led to the discoveries of the genetic bases of two major classes of human skin diseases, epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH). These diseases involve point mutations in either the basal epidermal keratin pair, K5 and K14 (EBS), or the suprabasal pair, K1 and K10 (EH). In severe cases of EBS and EH, mutations are found in the highly conserved ends of the alpha-helical rod domain, regions that, by random mutagenesis, had already been found to be important for 10 nm filament assembly. In order to identify regions of the keratin polypeptides that might be more subtly involved in 10 nm filament assembly and to explore the diversity in mutations within milder cases of these diseases, we have focused on Weber-Cockayne EBS, where mild blistering occurs primarily on the hands and feet in response to mechanical stress. In this report, we show that affected members of two different W-C EBS families have point mutations within 1 residue of each other in the non-helical linker segment of the K5 polypeptide. Genetic linkage analyses, the absence of this mutation in > 150 wild-type alleles and filament assembly studies suggest that these mutations are responsible for the W-C EBS phenotype. These findings provide the best evidence to date that the non-helical linker region in the middle of the keratin polypeptides plays a subtle but significant role in intermediate filament structure and/or intermediate filament cytoskeletal architecture.
Measurement of the Hydrocarbon Dew Point of Real and Synthetic Natural Gas Mixtures by Direct and Indirect Methods

A detailed comparison of the performance of direct and indirect methods for measuring the hydrocarbon dew point (i.e., the temperature at which the condensation of hydrocarbons in a gas mixture fir...
The Modigliani-Miller Theorem with Financial Intermediation

This paper shows that, if firms borrow at an interest rate that is greater than the rate at which they can lend, the value of a firm declines with the amount borrowed. The model assumes the possibility that a firm may go bankrupt, which introduces the need for financial intermediation. A modified version of the homemade lev-erage examples introduced by Modigliani and Miller [2] is used to introduce the concept. A state-preference model is used for a more formal proof.