cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aging is a weak but relentless determinant of dementia severity

// Donald R. Royall 1,2,3,4 and Raymond F. Palmer 3 1 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA 2 Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA 3 Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA 4 The South Texas Veterans’ Health System, Audie L. Murphy Division GRECC, San Antonio, TX, USA Correspondence to: Donald R. Royall, email: // Keywords : aging, intelligence, dementia, senility, Gerotarget Received : January 13, 2016 Accepted : February 09, 2016 Published : February 26, 2016 Abstract Structural Equation Models (SEM) can explicitly distinguish “dementia-relevant” variance in cognitive task performance (i.e., “δ” for dementia). In prior work, δ appears to uniquely account for dementia severity regardless of the cognitive measures used to construct it. In this study, we test δ as a mediator of age’s prospective association with future cognitive performance and dementia severity in a large, ethnically diverse longitudinal cohort, the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC). Age had adverse effects on future cognition, and these were largely mediated through δ, independently of education, ethnicity, gender, depression ratings, serum homo-cysteine levels, hemoglobin A1c, and apolipoprotein e4 status. Age explained 4% of variance in δ, and through it, 11-18% of variance in future cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that normative aging is a dementing condition (i.e., a “senility”). While the majority of variance in dementia severity must be independent of age, age’s specific effect is likely to accumulate over the lifespan. Our findings also constrain age’s dementing effects on cognition to the age-related fraction of “general intelligence” (Spearman’s “ g ”). That has broad biological and pathophysiological implications.
Noise and error shaping for video applications pipeline ADC optimisation techniques

A video decoder converts analog baseband video into a digital format. In video applications, ADC linearity errors manifest themselves as visual artifacts on the viewed picture. Techniques to minimize the effect of these errors on picture quality are presented. Subtractive dithering with a signal tailored for the ADC architecture achieves modulation of some of these artifacts away from the frequency band of highest visibility. Another scheme, error shaping using a sigma delta technique, achieves this more effectively.
Equilibrium or quenched: fundamental differences between lipid monolayers, supported bilayers, and membranes.

In this work, we establish fundamental differences between the structure and packing of lipids in monolayers, supported bilayers, and multilayer films. High resolution grazing incidence X-ray diffraction reveals that monolayer structure is largely retained upon deposition onto substrates with the area per molecule controlled by deposition pressure. Such structural changes are consistent with a quenched rather than equilibrated supported membrane structure. Supported bilayers formed by vesicle fusion exhibit structural similarity to bilayers deposited at 38 mN/m, whereas packing in lipid multilayers more closely resembled bilayers deposited below 30 mN/m. At the molecular level, coupling between opposing lipid acyl chains is observed for all deposition pressures with the outer leaflet templating on the inner leaflet. Leaflet coupling induces a small condensation in the area per lipid molecule and a surprising increase in acyl chain tilt. Moreover, supported lipid bilayers exhibit preferential acyl chain al...
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen(HBsAg) and Antibody to HBsAg among 1-59 Year Olds,Hunan Province

Objective To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen( HBs Ag) and antibody to HBs Ag( Anti-HBs),describe the epidemiology of hepatitis B,evaluate the impact of hepatitis B vaccine( Hep B) in the childhood immunization program,and provide evidence for developing further disease control and prevention strategies in Hunan province. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling was conducted using three levels: counties( city or district) were selected at the first level stage,villages( or residential communities) at the second level,and individuals at thethird level. Sample size was determined usingthe formula n = 400 × Q / P,in which P( the prevalence rate of HBs Ag in population of aged1-59 year old) was set as 4%,yielding a desired sample size of 9600. Statistical Analysis System institute software 9. 4 was used to analyze HBs Ag and Anti-HBs prevalence rates. Analyses were conductedusing weightings to account for the complex survey design; Taylor series was used to determine point estimates and their variances. Results The prevalence rates of HBs Ag and Anti-HBs among 1-59 year olds were 7. 23% and 52. 02% respectively,and were 6. 09% and 50. 98% in urban settings,and 8. 33% and 53. 04% in rural settings. The prevalence rates of HBs Ag and Anti-HBs was8. 18% and 51. 37% among males,and 6. 27% and 52. 68% among females. The prevalence rate of HBs Ag amongchildren aged 1-4 and 5-14,and adults 15-59 years old were 0. 82%,1. 71%,and 8. 68%,respectively,while the Anti-HBs rates were 54. 77%,55. 25%,and 51. 25%. Conclusions Hep B vaccine had a clearly positive impact in the childhood immunization program. The prevalence of HBs Ag among children aged 1-4 was less than 1%. However,the current situation for control and prevention of Hep B is still a challenge. The overall prevalence rate of HBs Ag was above 7%,and Hunan province,therefore,is still classified as medium epidemic level.
Effect of pulmonary perfusion on lung fluid filtration in young lambs

To study the effect of pulmonary perfusion on fluid filtration in the newborn lung, we measured pulmonary vascular pressures, cardiac output, lung lymph flow, and concentrations of protein in lymph and plasma of nine healthy, awake lambs, 2-3 wk old, before and during sustained alterations in pulmonary blood flow. A 12% reduction in cardiac output (from partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava) led to a corresponding decrease in lymph flow, consistent with a reduction in net lung fluid filtration. A 20% increase in pulmonary blood flow (from opening an external shunt between the carotid artery and jugular vein) increased lymph flow by approximately 40%, without a significant change in lymph protein concentration. These findings suggest that lung microvascular surface area expanded in response to increased perfusion, with little or no change in filtration pressure. In five lambs, lung microvascular pressure was increased by inflating a balloon catheter in the left atrium to establish full patency of the pulmonary microcirculation. In the presence of left atrial pressure elevation, increased perfusion through the arteriovenous shunt had no significant effect on pulmonary vascular pressures or lymph flow. Thus, in young lambs, modest changes in pulmonary blood flow may affect lung fluid filtration by altering perfused microvascular surface area; this response is inhibited in the presence of left atrial hypertension.
Learning words during shared book reading: The role of extratextual talk designed to increase child engagement

Shared book reading (SBR) is a valuable context for word learning during early childhood, and adults' extratextual talk boosts the vocabulary building potential of SBR. We propose that the benefits of such talk depend largely on a reader's success in promoting children's active engagement (attention and interest) during SBR. When readers ask children questions about new words, especially if they respond to children in a prompt, contingent, and appropriate (positive) manner, this verbal responsiveness functions as an effective engagement strategy. We randomly assigned 3- and 4-year-olds to three reading conditions (low, moderate, and high) distinguished by the degree to which the reader used extratextual engagement strategies, including verbal responsiveness. Despite equal exposure to unfamiliar target words, children's performance improved on two measures of word learning across the three conditions, demonstrating the value of engagement strategies in extratextual talk. This study provides a strong experimental demonstration that adult verbal responsiveness directly benefits preschoolers' word learning.
A Contested Art: Modernism and Mestizaje in New Mexico . By Stephanie Lewthwaite.

A Contested Art: Modernism and Mestizaje in New Mexico . By Stephanie Lewthwaite. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. xv + 284 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95.) Like a growing number of scholarly works and art exhibitions, Stephanie Lewthwaite’s A Contested Art considers Latino artistic production before and outside the frame of the civil rights and social movements of the 1960s. Furthermore, rather than situating this artistic production within a singular context, Lewthwaite places New Mexican artists in conversation with the legacies of colonial art, Euro-American patronage, the rise of art colonies in the state, and the history and aesthetics of modernism. By considering “the fundamentally important connection between intercultural encounter, regional modernism, and … gunckel{at}umich.edu
Computer-Based Instruction

Publisher Summary Little interaction between the areas of computer-based instruction (CBI) and human-computer interaction has occurred despite the common interests and the head start that the CBI work had on the field. This chapter tries to bridge this gap and point out how much of the research done in CBI has relevance to the general area of human-computer interaction. The focus is on looking at the methods used in CBI and the research issues that could be applied to other human-computer interaction tasks. One of the advantages of looking at CBI research and its implications for general human-computer interaction tasks is that extensive research records have been kept of important parameters of humans interacting with computers. This chapter begins by surveying the techniques that are used in computer-based instruction. These techniques demonstrate that computers can be used to assist instruction at different levels. Several kinds of computer-based instruction are considered: computer-managed instruction, computer assisted instruction, intelligent computer-assisted instruction, presentation software, multimedia, and distance learning. Finally, the chapter investigates some of the themes that have occurred in CBI research.
Nutrition, Diet Quality, and Cardiovascular Health

Abstract Atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, are leading causes of death worldwide. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk increases significantly with age in both men and women due to factors such as aging-related visceral fat accumulation, arterial stiffness, inflammation, cellular senescence, and oxidative stress. Most major CVD risk factors are modifiable by diet and lifestyle intervention, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Several recent nutritional recommendations for CVD prevention have included emphasis on dietary patterns incorporating functional foods including increasing consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and reducing consumption of saturated and trans -fats, sodium, and simple carbohydrates/sugars. Optimal medical nutrition therapy is key in preventing or reducing these major risk factors for CVD. This chapter will review the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidences on single nutrients, functional foods, and dietary patterns in aging-related CVD prevention and treatment.
SEIU local 36 benefits office: the Y2K crisis and its aftermath

This case describes how a service organization approached the Y2K compliance issue and how a complex decision-making process led to near operational disaster. We will see how software vendor relations can be complicated by vendor viability and technological innovations. Another issue we will explore concerns opportunities for personal growth and expanded responsibility in a small business environment. We will see how turnover creates stresses, particularly in an organization of this size. Changes in focus from developing in-house expertise to more extensive use of outside support will be examined. Finally, we will examine the relationships that exist among the various service suppliers and how data is interchanged between these suppliers and the organization. While standards exist in other fields, none have been adopted here. Case readers will be encouraged to formulate upto-date management strategies that address these issues head-on.
Detecting Sources of Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Large-Scale RNA-Seq Data Sets

Gene expression levels are dynamic molecular phenotypes that respond to biological, environmental, and technical perturbations. Here we use a novel replicate-classifier approach for discovering transcriptional signatures and apply it to the Genotype-Tissue Expression data set. We identified many factors contributing to expression heterogeneity, such as collection center and ischemia time, and our approach of scoring replicate classifiers allows us to statistically stratify these factors by effect strength. Strikingly, from transcriptional expression in blood alone we detect markers that help predict heart disease and stroke in some patients. Our results illustrate the challenges and opportunities of interpreting patterns of transcriptional variation in large-scale data sets.
Bayesian Nonparametric Survival Analysis: A Comparison of the Kaplan-Meier and Berliner-Hill Estimators

The Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator is compared, both theoretically and empirically, with the Berliner-Hill (BH) predictive distribution for the survival time of a new patient given a treatment, both for prediction purposes and as an estimator of the true survival function. It is proved that the BH estimator always gives more mass to the upper tail of the distribution than does the KM estimator, sometimes substantially more. For example, when there are many censored observations the BH mass in the upper tail can be close to .5 when the KM mass is 0. It is argued that such underestimation of the tail of the survival distribution is the primary practical defect of KM, and that BH provides a substantial improvement in this regard, as well as a sounder theoretical basis. The exact relationship between the two survival distributions is obtained. It is shown that by means of a minor adjustment to the at risk vector, any program that computes the KM estimate can be made to compute the BH estimate, and vice versa. The BH algorithm for the case of left censoring is also derived. Finally, empirical studies of Chang (1989) comparing KM and BH as estimators of the mean and quartiles of a population are presented and discussed.
Selenium: Basic Nutritional Aspects

Selenium is a metalloid and exerts its biological functions mainly through selenoproteins. The incorporation of selenium into the selenoproteins is in the form of selenocysteine and mediated cotranslationally. Selenoproteins include three enzyme families (glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and iodothyronine deiodinases), thioredoxin-like, endoplasmic reticulum proteins, and others with functions related to selenium transport and storage. Gene knockout and overexpression mouse models have helped reveal physiological functions of selenoproteins and their paradoxical roles in metabolism such as the promotion of type 2 diabetes by glutathione peroxidase-1. Both selenium deficiency and excess affect expression of selenoproteins, and the regulation does not always lead to parallel changes in mRNA and protein for given selenoproteins. Incidences of animal and human selenium deficiency and toxicity often correlate well with available selenium contents in soil associated with their living environment. Chemical forms of selenium affect its absorption, retention, and utilization from diets. Interactions of selenium with vitamin E and metals such as mercury and lead can exert positive or negative health impacts. Current imaging and analytical tools, systems biology approaches, and animal models will continue to help advance our knowledge of selenium biology, enhancing basic, physiological, and applied understandings into the functions of the micronutrient.
The Incumbency Curse: Weak Parties, Term Limits, and Unfulfilled Accountability

We study how representation works in a context where accountability to voters is restricted because of term limits and accountability to parties is limited because of party weakness. Analyzing all Brazilian mayoral elections between 1996 and 2012 using a regression discontinuity design, we show that becoming the incumbent party results in large subsequent electoral losses. We theorize that the presence of term limits, combined with political parties to which politicians are only weakly attached, affects the incentives and behavior of individual politicians in such a way that their parties’ suffer systematic losses. A descriptive analysis of an original dataset on the career paths of Brazilian mayors suggests that our assumptions are an accurate description of Brazil’s political context, and we find support for three central empirical implications of our theoretical explanation. Moreover, based on an analysis of additional data from Mexico, Peru, Chile, Costa Rica, and Colombia, we show that the negative effects found in Brazil also exist in other democracies.
Is the Public Corporation Really in Eclipse? Evidence from the Asia‐Pacific

While the US has experienced a 50% decline in the number of publicly listed corporations since the late 1990s, there has been an 800% increase in the Asia-Pacific region. Notwithstanding these divergent paths, there are strikingly similar patterns in both regions in the evolution of corporate financial policies. Asia-Pacific firms invest more in R&D and less in capital expenditures, as do US firms. They have higher cash holdings as a fraction of total assets. Dividends as a fraction of income are lower, the ranks of dividend-paying firms in the Asia-Pacific are declining, and, as in the US, share repurchase activity has grown. Concentration ratios of assets, income, cash, and dividends among US firms have risen to the already high levels seen in Asia-Pacific markets. Changes in corporate financial policies that appear to reveal poorer incentives to invest cannot explain the dramatically different shifts in the landscape for public companies in the US and the Asia-Pacific region.
Incidental detection of synchronous medullary thyroid carcinoma with bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma on iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, leading to diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A

We report a case of a 29-year-old female with the family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) presenting with hematuria and tachycardia, who was found to have bilateral adrenal masses on abdominal computed tomography and biochemical testing compatible with pheochromocytoma. Iodine-123 (I-123) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy for preoperative planning prior to planned adrenalectomy revealed incidental synchronous unifocal MTC, along with expected bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas. Pathology confirmed these findings, and subsequent genetic testing confirmed a rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene mutation on exon 11, confirming the clinical diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN 2A). The unexpected incidental finding of synchronous MTC highlights the importance of considering MEN in the differential diagnosis when encountered with newly diagnosed pheochromocytoma and highlights the utility of I-123 MIBG scintigraphy in diagnostic workup of newly diagnosed pheochromocytoma.
African American Republican Congressional Candidates: A Typology

The Republican Party has identified as a goal increasing the support it receives from African Americans. One step in that direction is the identification and support of African American Republican congressional candidates. This article presents a typology for classifying the congressional candidacies of African American Republicans who contested elections from 1998-2016. The analysis of these candidacies identifies three categories in which they may be placed to better understand the context in which they occur.
Juno/JEDI observations of 0.01 to >10 MeV energetic ions in the Jovian auroral regions: Anticipating a source for polar X-ray emission

After a successful orbit insertion, the Juno spacecraft completed its first 53.5-day orbit and entered a very low altitude perijove with the full scientific payload operational for the first time on 27 August 2016. The Jupiter Energetic particle Detector Instrument measured ions and electrons over the auroral regions and through closest approach, with ions measured from ~0.01 to > 10 MeV, depending on species. This report focuses on the composition of the energetic ions observed during the first perijove of the Juno mission. Of particular interest are the ions that precipitate from the magnetosphere onto the polar atmosphere, and ions that are accelerated locally by Jupiter's powerful auroral processes. We report preliminary findings on the spatial variations, species, including energy and pitch angle distributions throughout the prime science region during the first orbit of the Juno mission. The prime motivation for this work was to examine the heavy ions that are thought to be responsible for the observed polar x-rays. JEDI did observe precipitating heavy ions with energies >10 MeV, but for this perijove the intensities were far below those needed to account for previously observed polar x-ray emissions. During this survey we also found an unusual signal of ions between oxygen and sulfur. We include here a report on what appears to be a transitory observation of magnesium, or possibly sodium, at MeV energies through closest approach.
Vector Abstract Fractional Korovkin Approximation

In this chapter we study quantitatively with rates the convergence of sequences of general Bochner type integral operators, applied on Banach space valued functions, to function values. The results are mainly pointwise, but in the application to vector Bernstein polynomials we end up to obtain a uniform estimate. To prove our main results we have to build a rich background containing many interesting vector fractional results. Our inequalities are fractional involving the right and left vector Caputo type fractional derivatives, built in vector moduli of continuity. We treat very general classes of Banach space valued functions. It follows [7].
Wastewater Management Studies by the Corps of Engineers

The land filtration treatment process is shown to be competitive with advanced treatment plant alternatives from the standpoint of cost and performance. Supporting material for the studies includes...
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in JAK2 V617F-positive polycythemia vera.

![Figure][1] An 83-year-old man was diagnosed with JAK2 V617F–positive polycythemia vera (PV) 7 years ago. He was treated with intermittent phlebotomy. Six years later, he developed post-PV myelofibrosis and was treated with ruxolitinib. Current bone marrow biopsy showed B-cell acute
Association between kindergarten and first-grade food insecurity and weight status in U.S. children.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine if food insecurity is an independent risk factor for obesity in U.S. children. Methods We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of children participating in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort 2011. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate longitudinal associations between food security and body mass index (BMI) z-score. All regression models included race/ethnicity, household income, and parental education. Survey and anthropometric data was collected from teachers and parents of 8167 U.S. children entering kindergarten in fall 2010 with regular follow-up through third grade. Complete data regarding food security, socioeconomic assessment, and BMI z-score data were included for statistical analyses. All analyses were weighted to be nationally representative. Results Children with household food insecurity had increased obesity prevalence from kindergarten through grade 3; for example, at kindergarten, with food insecurity 16.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.7–19) versus food secure 12.4% (95% CI, 11.3–13.6). Adjusted means analysis showed first-grade food insecurity was significantly correlated with increased BMI z-score in first through third grades; for example, at first grade, with food insecurity 0.6 (95% CI, 0.5–0.7) versus food secure 0.4 (95% CI, 0.4–0.5). Logistic regression showed first-grade food insecurity was correlated with increased risk for obesity in that grade (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–2). Conclusion Obesity is more prevalent among food-insecure children. First-grade food insecurity is an independent risk factor for longitudinal increases in BMI z-score. There are differences in the association between food insecurity and weight status between kindergarten and first grade.
Cardiothoracic MRI in the ICU: A 10-Year Experience.

Rationale and Objective The objective of this study was to identify the feasibility and pitfalls of cardiothoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Materials and Methods This retrospective study identified adult ICU patients scheduled for cardiothoracic MRIs during a 10-year study period. ICU patients scheduled for brain MRIs served as a comparison group. A chart review was performed to identify factors impacting a patient's ability to undergo an MRI. Differences between completed and canceled examinations for both cardiothoracic and brain MRIs were evaluated. For the cardiothoracic group, clinical indications and the diagnostic value of the study performed were also identified. Results A total of 143 cardiothoracic MRIs and 1011 brain MRIs were requested. Cardiothoracic MRI patients were less frequently completed (52% vs 62%), more frequently men (64% vs 43%), younger (55 vs 63 years), less likely mechanically ventilated (8% vs 29%), more likely to require intravenous contrast (83% vs 23%), and had longer examination times compared to brain MRI patients (64 vs 21 minutes). Successful completion of cardiothoracic MRI was associated with lower serum creatinine, higher glomerular filtration rate, and the absence of mechanical ventilation; significant differences were not seen with regard to gender and use of vasoactive agents. Cardiothoracic MRI results were diagnostic in 69% of examinations, most frequently when performed for myocardial disease (84%) and aortic disease (33%), and less frequently for viability (33%). Conclusions In an ICU population, successful completion of cardiothoracic MRI is challenging but feasible in patients with intact renal function and the absence of mechanical ventilation. Examinations were most frequently diagnostic for myocardial and aortic disease indications.
Elevated Troponin in the First 72 h of Hospitalization for Pediatric Viral Myocarditis is Associated with ECMO: An Analysis of the PHIS+ Database

Serum troponin (Tn) is often elevated in viral myocarditis; however, its prognostic significance is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal serum Tn is associated with mortality in children hospitalized with myocarditis. We retrospectively studied data from six large children’s hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System Plus (PHIS+) database. Analysis was performed on patients hospitalized with viral myocarditis between 2007 and 2013, in whom at least one Tn was recorded within 72 h of admission. Abnormal baseline Tn was defined as any value outside the upper limit of normal within the first 72 h. Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included mechanical support, defined as use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or a ventricular assist device (VAD), cardiac transplantation, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), mechanical ventilation, and inotrope use. A total of 149 patients with myocarditis (61% male, 48% adolescents) across all PHIS+ centers had TnI (n = 113) or TnT (n = 36) recorded. At least one abnormal Tn was present in 81% of cases. Overall mortality was 7.3% and was not associated with abnormal baseline Tn. Abnormal baseline Tn was associated with ECMO (7.1 vs. 25.6%, p = 0.03) and IVIg (46.4 vs. 83.5%, p < 0.001). Abnormal baseline Tn was not associated with transplantation, mechanical ventilation or inotrope use. Abnormal Tn in the first 72 h of hospitalization for myocarditis was associated with the use of ECMO and IVIg, but was not associated with mortality. This finding may help risk stratify this population if it can be prospectively validated.
Mental Model Approach to Wastewater Treatment Plant Project Delivery during Emergency Response

AbstractThe proper management of water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is critical in serving displaced populations. In 2015, the Azraq refugee camp in Jordan serving the displaced Syrian po...
Remarks on the behavior of simple directionally reinforced incompressible nonlinearly elastic solids

The effect of directional reinforcing in generating qualitative changes in the mechanical response of a base neo-Hookean material is examined in the context of homogenous deformation. Single axis reinforcing giving transverse isotropy is the major focus, in which case a standard reinforcing model is characterized by a single constitutive reinforcing parameter. Various qualitative changes in the mechanical response ensue as the reinforcing parameter increases from the zero-value associated with neo-Hookean response. These include (in order): the existence of a limiting contractive stretch for transverse-axis tensile load; loss of monotonicity in off-axis simple shear; loss of monotonicity in on-axis compression; loss of positivity in the stress-shear product in off-axis simple shear; and loss of monotonicity for plane strain in on-axis compression. The qualitative changes in the simple shear response are associated with stretch relaxation in the reinforcing direction due to finite rotation.
Use of Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum and Ionizing Radiation To Eliminate Listeria innocua from Ham

Listeria spp. are a frequent postprocess contaminant of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, including ham. Vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) technology has been used successfully to eliminate Listeria innocua from hot dogs. Ionizing radiation can eliminate Listeria spp. from RTE meats. However, the excessive application of either technology can cause changes in product quality, including structural changes, changes in cure color (redness), and lipid oxidation. In this study, two cycles of VSV were combined with 2.0 kGy of ionizing radiation to obtain 4.40- and 4.85-log10 reductions of L. innocua on ham meat and skin, respectively. The use of both treatments resulted in an additive, as opposed to synergistic, reduction of L. innocua on ham. The combination treatment did not cause statistically significant changes in product structure, color (redness), or lipid oxidation.
An Analysis of the iKee.B iPhone Botnet

We present an analysis of the iKee.B (duh) Apple iPhone bot client, captured on November 25, 2009. The bot client was released throughout several countries in Europe, with the initial purpose of coordinating its infected iPhones via a Lithuanian botnet server. This report details the logic and function of iKee’s scripts, its configuration files, and its two binary executables, which we have reverse engineered to an approximation of their C source code implementation. The iKee bot is one of the latest offerings in smartphone malware, in this case targeting jailbroken iPhones. While its implementation is simple in comparison to the latest generation of PC-based malware, its implications demonstrate the potential extension of crimeware to this valuable new frontier of handheld consumer devices.
Aging: The Role of Work and Changing Expectations in the United States and China

Economics and demographics are driving change in individuals’ expectations about work beyond the traditional retirement age and in employers’ need for older workers in both the United States and China. Adjusting to this change in the workplace, now and in the future, includes planning strategically for these human capital shifts, managing the multigenerational workplace, ensuring the transfer of both explicit and tacit knowledge as aging workers exit the workplace, and providing flexibility in both hours and location of work to bolster recruiting and retention efforts. Creating a supportive organizational culture is a key underpinning to making all the changes associated with the aging of the workplace.
Optimization Dynamics: A Bus-Level Distributed Approach for Optimal Power Flows

We propose a continuous-time optimization dynamics approach in this paper to solve the nonconvex optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The proposed approach naturally uses the distributed power flow structure for computation. Specifically, each bus in the power network plays as an individual computing agent, which only uses local information to update its own voltage variables as well as Lagrange multipliers. Therefore, the proposed approach is completely distributed at the bus level. Under mild conditions, we first prove the local existence of a unique, continuous solution (with respect to the initial condition) to our optimization dynamics. Next, we show that every trajectory starting from a local neighborhood converges to a pair of primal and dual optima (saddle point) for the associated OPF problem. Simulations based on the IEEE benchmark systems are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Novel Additions to DCAT to Analyze What-If Scenarios of Protection Maloperation and Intermittent Resources on Cascading Failures for Extreme Events

The major power system blackouts that occurred in 1965, 1977, 1996, 1998, and 2003 notably involved incorrect relay operations. Most of these events occurred due to cascading failures which are partly deterministic and partly due to random aggravated circumstances. Traditional power system tools have the capability to analyze the first or the second event following a major disturbance. Dynamic Contingency Analysis Tool (DCAT) has been developed to overcome these shortcomings and analyze the cascading process for a number of what-if scenarios. Some of the unpredictable scenarios; intermittent generation as well as maloperation of protection system; have been analyzed in this paper. This paper also presents enhancements to DCAT that create chronological dispatch data to mimic the real world generation schedules due to load/generation intermittency and protection maloperation on cascading outages. This paper presents what-if scenarios for i) impact of chronological intermittent load and generation and ii) the consequences of unintended operation of protection relays on severity of outages caused due to severe contingencies.
Enhancing Collaborative Ideation in Organizations

Extensive research and theory has focused on organizational innovation and the organizational factors that influence that innovation. Research on teams has highlighted a similar set of factors as important for team innovation. However, these literatures have not provided a clear picture of the key factors that influence the collaborative idea exchange processes that occur in teams and organizations. The literature on collaborative ideation has provides a useful theoretical and empirical basis for understanding these processes and the conditions required for optimizing creativity in group interactions. We provide the theoretical and empirical basis for a pragmatic approach to enhancing collaborative innovation processes in various organizational settings and highlight additional research needs and future directions.
Gender Differences and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Problem Drinking Among Adults Enrolling in HIV Care in Tanzania

Problem drinking is commonly reported among people living with HIV (PLWH), associated with suboptimal HIV care outcomes and differs by gender. Psychosocial factors associated with problem drinking among PLWH remain poorly understood, including whether they differ by gender. This analysis examines the relationship between psychosocial factors and problem drinking separately by gender among PLWH in Tanzania. Cross-sectional data were collected from 812 men and non-pregnant women living with HIV aged 18 or older enrolling in HIV care at four health facilities in Tanzania. Problem drinking was assessed with the CAGE Questionnaire and defined as responding yes to two or more items. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression modeled the association of social support, HIV-related stigma, and physical or sexual violence on problem drinking, controlling for age, relationship status, employment, having been away from home for more than one month, and timing of first HIV-positive diagnosis. Thirteen percent of the sample reported problem drinking, with problem drinking significantly more commonly reported among men than non-pregnant women (17.6% vs. 9.5%). Among men and non-pregnant women, in multivariable analyses, enacted and internalized HIV-related stigma were significantly positively associated with problem drinking. Screening and treatment of problem drinking should be integrated into HIV care. Evidence-based substance abuse interventions should be adapted to address HIV-related stigma. Future research should longitudinally investigate the interrelationships between stigma, violence, and problem drinking among PLWH.
Chronic Atypical Antipsychotic Use Is Associated With Reduced Need for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Rescue in the Postanesthesia Care Unit: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Observational Study

Background Atypical antipsychotics are efficacious for chemoprophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, but perioperative investigations have been scant. We sought to examine the association between chronic atypical antipsychotic therapy and the likelihood of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Methods In this single-center, propensity-matched, retrospective, observational study, elective noncardiac surgical cases from January 2014 to December 2017 were examined with regard to the primary outcome of rescue antiemetic administration in the postanesthesia care unit as a measure of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Chronic administration of olanzapine, aripiprazole, and risperidone was the exposure of interest. Other independent variables included outpatient antiemetics, modified Apfel score, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score, case length, and exposures to emetogenic and chemoprophylactic agents. Logistic regression was performed using case-level data. Conditional logistic regression was performed after 1:2 propensity matching, sampling without replacement. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to compute the mean patient-level treatment effect on the treated. Results Of 13,660 cases, 154 cases with patients receiving atypical antipsychotics were matched against 308 cases without, representing 115 and 273 unique patients, respectively. In a well-balanced cohort, the mean patient-level odds of being administered rescue antiemetic was lower for patients chronically taking the 3 atypical antipsychotics under consideration as compared to those not on atypical antipsychotics, with an odds ratio of 0.29 (95% CI, 0.11-0.75; P = .015). Conclusions Chronic atypical antipsychotic therapy is associated with reduced risk of postanesthesia care unit antiemetic administration. These findings support the need for prospective studies to establish the safety and efficacy of postoperative nausea and vomiting chemoprophylaxis with these agents.
Scientific Concepts: Development in Children

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Z. Chen, R. Siegler, volume 20, pp. 13714–13719, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Analysis of Jamaican lineaments visible in Seasat-SAR imagery

Three digitally correlated Seasat SAR frames of Jamaica are used to examine the fault-related topography of the island. The major fault-controlled lineaments visible in the imagery are described, and some generalizations are made with respect to the recent tectonics of Jamaica. It is suggested that: (1) the island of Jamaica may represent the original position of a bend or discontinuity in the northern Caribbean Plate boundary; (2) the present tectonic regime may indicate the complex modification of a regional stress field at a discontinuity in an otherwise linear shear zone; (3) the island represents a tectonically maintained mass excess; and (4) the observed rapid uplift along the island's north coast may be related to compression-induced reverse faulting.
A 138Fs rms -Integrated-Jitter and −249dB-FoM Clock Multiplier with -51dBc Spur Using A Digital Spur Calibration Technique in 28-nm CMOS

A 3-GHz 8x clock multiplier has been proposed with a jitter performance that is insensitive to frequency drift without a continuous frequency tracking loop (FTL). With the proposed digital calibration techniques, the spurs can be effectively suppressed down to −50.9dBc. Fabricated in 28-nm CMOS technology, this prototype presents an integrated jitter of 138fs rms while consuming 6.5mW from a 1-V/0.8-V supplies and achieves −249dB FoM.
Effects of Resource Pool Size on Performance of Mode-2 LTE Device-to-Device Discovery

The performance of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) Device-to-Device (D2D) direct discovery process in out-of-coverage scenarios (Mode 2) is examined as a function of the predefined pool of time- frequency resources. Individual discovery periods are modeled as an ALOHA like protocol with Medium Access Control (MAC) layer collisions and either a half-duplex or a suggested Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) User Equipment (UE), the performance of which is compared. A simulation framework is described using the open source network simulator NS-3 and then performance of the discovery process evaluated as a function of the size of the resource pool and UE density. We provide a formulation for the number of discoveries made in one period and propose a heuristic for the choice of resource pool size based on the number of UE in discovery.
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) for Thyroid Nodules: A Series of the First 10 Patients in a Single Institution

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the perioperative data of patients with solitary or multinodular goiter and/ or papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) in a single tertiary medical center. Methods: Design: Case series Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital Participants: Records of 10 patients who underwent TOETVA from June 2018 to July 2019 (9 thyroid lobectomies, 1 total thyroidectomy) were reviewed. Outcomes and measures included conversion to open surgery, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, size of the thyroid gland, postoperative hospital stay, visual analogue pain scores (VAS), and postoperative complications. Results: None of the 10 patients were converted to an open procedure. The average preoperative thyroid size was 4.73 cm in widest diameter using thyroid ultrasound (±1.88 cm, range 3.6 to 6.5 cm). Mean operative time for thyroid lobectomy and total thyroidectomy was 4 hours and 29 minutes and 4 hours and 15 minutes, respectively. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 140 ml (±47.96 ml, range 80 to 200 ml) for thyroid lobectomy and 100 ml for total thyroidectomy. The average intraoperative size of the thyroid gland measured in widest diameter (larger lobe for total thyroidectomy) was 4.48 cm (±0.919 cm, range 3 to 5.5 cm). Median postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (±1.55 days, range 2 to 12 days). Mean VAS pain scores for postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7 were 5, 3, 2, and 0, respectively. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (of 3 months duration) occurred in 1 patient. Two cases had surgical site infection, 2 had wound dehiscence, 1 had seroma and 1 had skin burn as a complication. None had hypocalcemia or mental nerve injury in the series. Conclusions: TOETVA was replicated in the local setting and a presentation of the perioperative data of all the patients who underwent this novel technique, the indications, as well as surgical and patient outcomes, were described. Keywords: TOETVA; thyroidectomy; transoral; endoscopic; minimally invasive
Abstract 604: Combination of the Aurora A inhibitor TAS-119 and adavosertib results in synergistic c-Jun-mediated cell death in head and neck and lung cancers

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) account for more than 800,000 cases annually worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative HNSCC mainly harbor disruptive mutations in TP53 and/or CDKN2A tumor suppressor genes, which are associated with refractoriness to treatment as well as poor prognosis and survival. Synthetic lethal approaches hold promise for such patients. Cancers with TP53/CDKN2A mutations lose the G1/S checkpoint, and foster a dependence on the G2/M checkpoint as the primary mechanism to repair the resulting accumulation of genomic instability, thus creating a vulnerability that can potentially be exploited with synthetic lethal targeted therapy. We have previously demonstrated in HPV-negative HNSCC patients that elevation in expression of Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a crucial mitotic regulator, is correlated with worse outcome. Combined inhibition of AURKA and WEE1, a G2/M checkpoint kinase, resulted in a synergistic anti-tumor effect in HNSCC in vitro and in vivo. Upon these findings, we confirmed synergy in testing the more specific AURKA inhibitor, TAS-119 in HNSCC and lung cancers harboring TP53 mutations, and explored mechanisms of cell death. TAS119 and adavosertib combination treatment synergistically suppressed cell viability, clonogenic cell survival, anchorage-independent cell growth in soft agar and oncosphere formation relative to vehicle and single-agent treatment in HNSCC FaDu and CAL27 cells, and lung cancer NCI-H520 and NCI-H358 cells bearing TP53/CDKN2A mutations. Of note, this synergistic anti-tumor effect was not seen in normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells, predicting a favorable therapeutic index. Furthermore, combination treatment accelerated an accumulation of mitotic catastrophe with mitotic arrest, and led to apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, combination TAS-119 and adavosertib in HNSCC cells drastically augmented DNA damage and phosphorylation of c-Jun (Ser 63) as demonstrated by kinase array and western blotting, indicating an activation of c-Jun-mediated pro-apoptotic genes. In vivo, this combination demonstrated a synergistic suppressive effect on tumor growth in FaDu xenografts compared with either vehicle or single-agent treatment. Taken together, these results support the promise of further clinical evaluation of AURKA inhibitor in combination with WEE1 inhibitor as a novel and effective treatment for HNSCC and lung cancer patients with TP53/CDKN2A mutations. Citation Format: Jong Woo Lee, Cindy Yang, Barbara Burtness. Combination of the Aurora A inhibitor TAS-119 and adavosertib results in synergistic c-Jun-mediated cell death in head and neck and lung cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 604.