cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of parental distraction during children’s acute pain: The moderating effect of socioeconomic status

Background Parental responses to children's pain shape how children interpret and cope with pain symptoms through parental modelling and operant conditioning. Evidence suggests that parental distraction is effective in reducing children's acute pain responses, but findings are inconsistent across pain tolerance, intensity and unpleasantness, and are limited to samples of primarily middle and upper-middle class families. Although socioeconomically disadvantaged families may have fewer psychological resources to cope with pain, no studies have examined whether the utility of parent distraction varies by family socioeconomic status (SES). The current study tested the hypothesis that relations between parental distraction and acute pain responses in children vary by family SES, with children from higher versus lower SES families experiencing more substantial benefits. Methods Children's pain symptoms and parents' use of verbal distraction during a cold pressor task were examined in a community sample of 530 twin children aged 7-12 years old and their primary caregivers. Results Parental distraction was positively associated with children's pain tolerance and unrelated to intensity and unpleasantness, but these associations are qualified by significant moderation. In families with higher SES, parental distraction was an effective technique in children's pain management, associated with more pain tolerance and less pain intensity and unpleasantness. However, for families with lower SES, these same benefits were not present. Conclusions Findings suggest that the effectiveness of parental distraction for children's acute pain may depend on family SES. Significance Study findings suggest that the effects of parental distraction on children's responses to an acute pain task vary by family SES. Although parental distraction may be effective for higher SES children, further research is needed to identify whether and why distraction may not be beneficial for lower SES families.
Sensor System and Signal Processing for Automated Blade Collision Detection on Wind Turbines

This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated blade collision detection system for use on wind turbines, toward the goal of supporting quantitative assessment of wind energy impacts on wildlife. A wireless, multi-sensor module mounted at the blade root measures surface vibrations, and a blade-mounted camera provides image capture of colliding objects. Using sensor data recorded on an operational wind turbine, an automated detection algorithm was developed using a machine learning approach. The sensor system design is presented, along with algorithm design, implementation, training, and testing results. This demonstrates a new approach for automated, on- blade collision detection for wind turbines, with broad utility across structural health monitoring (SHM) applications.
High-salt transcription of DNA cotethered with T7 RNA polymerase to beads generates increased yields of highly pure RNA.

High yields of RNA are routinely prepared following the two-step approach of high-yield in vitro transcription using T7 RNA polymerase followed by extensive purification using gel separation or chromatographic methods. We recently demonstrated that in high-yield transcription reactions, as RNA accumulates in solution, T7 RNA polymerase rebinds and extends the encoded RNA (using the RNA as a template), resulting in a product pool contaminated with longer-than-desired, (partially) double-stranded impurities. Current purification methods often fail to fully eliminate these impurities, which, if present in therapeutics, can stimulate the innate immune response with potentially fatal consequences. In this work, we introduce a novel in vitro transcription method that generates high yields of encoded RNA without double-stranded impurities, reducing the need for further purification. Transcription is carried out at high-salt conditions to eliminate RNA product rebinding, while promoter DNA and T7 RNA polymerase are cotethered in close proximity on magnetic beads to drive promoter binding and transcription initiation, resulting in an increase in overall yield and purity of only the encoded RNA. A more complete elimination of double-stranded RNA during synthesis will not only reduce overall production costs, but also should ultimately enable therapies and technologies that are currently being hampered by those impurities.
Reliability Considerations for Wafer Scale Systems

With the ever-increasing complexity of wafer scale systems as well as higher computing power requirement, reliability of these systems have become a major point of concern. The wide range of organic and inorganic materials used results in large CTE mismatch and ultimately high thermomechanical stresses. Moreover, failure due to moisture ingress in harsh environments and challenges of developing novel encapsulations with high step coverage, high throughput and robust barrier properties is another issue that is receiving a lot of emphasis. To improve the performance of the wafer scale systems, we have developed silicon interconnect fabric (Si-IF) which is a heterogeneous integration platform that utilizes metal-metal thermocompression boding to integrate dielets on a Si wafer as substrate. We have shown the advantages of Si-IF compared to conventional platforms in terms of performance, power consumption and heat dissipation [2], [3]. Replacing solder joints with metal-metal joints and limited number of materials used in Si-IF, result in low thermomechanical stresses and elimination of intermetallic compound formation during operation and fabrication and thus, improving the reliability and lifetime of the system. Currently, we are developing a sophisticated wafer scale system where Si-IF is at the heart of the platform and is connected to a two-phase thermal management unit and power platform, moreover flexible connectors are used to make the connection between Si-IF and the outside world. In this wafer scale system, solder joints are used to make connections between Si-IF and power platform as well as flexible connectors, thus it is important to investigate stresses within the joints due to temperature variation and vibration. In this paper, we investigate use of elastomer buffer layer as stress relaxer to improve the reliability of this large wafer scale system. Finite element analysis (FEA) modeling was utilized to understand the change in the thermomechanical stresses arising during temperature cycling for a system with the buffer layer when compared to a system with no buffer layer as well as a system where PCB pieces are embedded in the buffer layer. We present the simulation results for temperature cycling of the Si-IF attached to a substrate for all three scenarios. Temperature was varied between 125°C and −40°C and the maximum Von Mises stresses in the solder joints were extracted. FEA results show that maximum stress level is significantly lower when an elastomer layer is used as a buffer layer and embedding the PCB pieces in the buffer layer further reduces the stress levels. Moreover, we investigated use of elastomer buffer layer as stress relaxer to improve the reliability of this large wafer scale systems. FEA simulations show the effectiveness of an elastomeric buffer layer in damping the random vibration. The analysis shows that addition of the elastomer to the system effectively damps the input random acceleration and consequently, reduces the stresses that the solder joints experience and improves the lifetime of the system.
Grid Integration of Heterogeneous Energy Sources/Loads using a Multi-port MMC with Independent Power Flow

Recent surge in the adoption and grid-integration of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) at utility scale has spurred the interest in power-electronic architectures for interface at medium-voltage (MV) grid. The constant endeavor to achieve higher power densities has brought forth the need for multi-port converter topologies capable of integrating heterogeneous energy resources through a common interface scheme. In this paper, a novel high-frequency link transformer based multi-port power converter termed Distributed-Phase-MMC (DP-MMC) is proposed for the grid-integration of DERs at MV level. The topology has several advantages such as modularity at sub-module as well as sub-system level, decoupled/independent power flow through its input ports and reduced voltage stresses in the HF-transformer windings. A simplified equivalent circuit and a phasor-based analysis are proposed for the system, which provide qualitative and quantitative insights into the power transfer mechanism across different ports. In addition, a control scheme is proposed based on this analysis for the operation of the system while injecting the required active/reactive power to the grid. The proposed scheme achieves the critical objective of unifying dispatchable storage systems with intermittent renewable energy systems at MV-level. Detailed MATLAB-Simulink results validate the overall operation and control of the proposed multi-port DP-MMC architecture.
Convergent Friends: The Emergence of Postmodern Quakerism

Postmodernism is ushering in radical change for the Church. Some theologians argue that this change, especially given the discontinuities between modernism and postmodernism, affords new opportunities. Because of these changes there is a decline in many Christian traditions in the West, but there is also a renaissance of ‘emerging churches’. The same can be said for Quakers who are experiencing a renaissance of their own. ‘Convergent Friends’ are a decentralized, international, body of Quakers seeking to renew their tradition through a growing awareness of the need to interact with culture missionally. Their origins and interactions are unique to Convergence Culture, which opens up new possibilities for community among diverse people. Thus, renewal for these Friends begins with participation and production. From the writing of blog posts about Quaker faith in today’s society, to initiating gatherings, and forming friendships over a variety of mediums, the convergent community bypasses older top-down insti...
Exploring the association between partner behaviors and eating disorder symptomology.

Introduction Research suggests an association between partner support and eating disorder (ED) symptomology in coupled women. However, no research describes whether time is a factor when examining routine partner behaviors that contribute to ED symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between supportive and unsupportive partner behaviors and ED symptom severity over a 3-month time period. Method Fifty-eight women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) identified helpful and unhelpful partner behaviors and ranked relationship support and symptom severity for the past 3 months using an event history calendar. Regression analyses examined the relationship between symptom distress and partner-support variables over 3 months. Results Higher levels of helpfulness and relationship quality positively predicted partner-support levels. Partner distancing was predictive of increases in symptom distress. Discussion Emotional or physical distancing or neglect aggravates symptom severity, which highlights the importance of addressing couple relationships in treatment and research. (PsycINFO Database Record
Structure and magnetic properties of LnIII[Ru2(CO3)4] · 8H2O

Abstract Ln III [Ru 2 (CO 3 ) 4 ] · 8H 2 O (Ln = Gd, Nd, Ho, Yb) is formed from the reaction of Ln III and [Ru 2 (CO 3 ) 4 ] 3− in water. These Ln III materials have a 3D network structure composed of linked chains and μ n -CO 3 linkages to both Ru and Ln III sites, and are best described as Ln III (OH 2 ) 4 [Ru 2 (CO 3 ) 4 ] 1/2 [Ru 2 (CO 3 ) 4 (OH 2 ) 2 ] 1/2 · 3H 2 O. Complete characterization of the Gd III species is presented, as the other Ln III are isostructural and exhibit large spin–orbit coupling leading to complex magnetic behavior. Magnetic ordering is not observed above 2 K.
A. R. Zolberg, A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America

Zolberg successfully undertakes at least four projects. First, he reconsiders policy making regarding international migration in the early history of the United States. Second, he reveals the significant linkages among migration processes and policy and compelling national issues, notably, the regulation of the slave trade and slavery, the concept of citizenship, economic growth, and national identity. Third, Zolberg considers the evidence for the ‘path dependency’ of U.S. immigration policy, the migration ‘crises’ that have shifted the direction of the path, and the implications of these policy and institutional dynamics for contemporary immigration policy reform. Fourth, Zolberg reflects on scholarly perspectives and analyses of immigration and immigrant settlement that have shaped, and currently frame academic and public discourse concerning the implications of international migration for society, economy, and polity. Mutually reinforcing, these themes form the architecture of Zolberg's critical and critically insightful study of historical and contemporary U.S. immigration policy. A Nation by Design is an exceptional piece of scholarship not only as a comprehensive record of the role of international migration, immigration, and settlement in nation-building in the first century of the republic, but also as an critical synthesis of political, economic, social, and individual dimensions of policy formation, implementation, and reformulation. Zolberg succeeds in his project(s) by making demands of the historical evidence and of research design and method (chapter 5 and the reexamination of nativism, for example). His persistence in addressing alternative explanations—his metaphor of the ‘proverbial glass’ being half empty or half full—reveals his commitment to continuing research and reflection on an ambiguous issue. Fully half of the volume is devoted to revisiting the first century of the independent United States, a long period represented on most powerpoint slides in presentations as an era of ‘laissez-faire’ national immigration policy. With Zolberg's Int. Migration & Integration (2008) 9:105–106 DOI 10.1007/s12134-007-0036-6
Low solubility in drug development: de-convoluting the relative importance of solvation and crystal packing.

Objectives An increasing trend towards low solubility is a major issue for drug development as formulation of low solubility compounds can be problematic. This paper presents a model which de-convolutes the solubility of pharmaceutical compounds into solvation and packing properties with the intention to understand the solubility limiting features. Methods The Cambridge Crystallographic Database was the source of structural information. Lattice energies were calculated via force-field based approaches using Materials Studio. The solvation energies were calculated applying quantum chemistry models using Cosmotherm software. Key findings The solubilities of 54 drug-like compounds were mapped onto a solvation energy/crystal packing grid. Four quadrants were identified were different balances of solvation and packing were defining the solubility. A version of the model was developed which allows for the calculation of the two features even in absence of crystal structure. Conclusion Although there are significant number of in-silico models, it has been proven very difficult to predict aqueous solubility accurately. Therefore, we have taken a different approach where the solubility is not predicted directly but is de-convoluted into two constituent features.
Changes in Small Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity and Bile Acids with Dietary Cellulose in Rats

BARBARA O. SCHNEEMAN ANDDANIEL GALLAHERDepartment of Nutrition, University of California,Davis, CA 95616ABSTRACT Rats were fed semipurified diets which contained either20% cellulose, Solka Floe, (HF) or no fiber (C) for 10 days. In the intestinal contents, the HF group had lower activity per milligram contents oftrypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase and total proteolytic activity. Totalactivity of enzymes in the intestinal contents was also lower, except forchymotrypsin and leucine amino peptidase. Bile acid levels per milligramwere lower in the HF group but the total amount was greater. The totalweight of intestinal contents was greater in the HF group and total amountof protein present was elevated. The results indicate that a source of dietaryfiber, cellulose, can affect the availability of enzymes and bile acids in thesmall intestine. J. Nutr. 110: 584-590, 1980.INDEXING KEY WORDSenzymes â€¢bile acidsdietary fiber â€¢digestion â€¢pancreaticDietary fiber has been reported to increase the fecal excretion of fat and protein (1-4 ). Consumption of fiber may alsoalter the digestion and absorption of lipidand carbohydrate in the small intestine(1, 5). In vitro studies have shown thatcertain dietary fiber sources can lower theactivity of pancreatic lipase, trypsin andchymotrypsin (6). The present study wasundertaken to determine whether feedinga purified source of fiber, cellulose, couldaffect the intestinal activity of certain digestive enzymes and the level of bile acidsand cause adaptive changes in the enzymecomposition of the pancreas.
Cryogenic Heat Transfer

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes some of the available information relating specifically to heat transfer phenomena at low temperatures. The technical presentation includes conduction, insulation, and interfacial processes. Interfacial processes include forced-convection and natural convection processes; pressurized-discharge processes; stratification phenomena in vessels; multiphase processes, including two-phase flow and frost formation, among others ; and radiation and transport phenomena in the superfluid helium. Although most of the material to be presented may be applied to noncryogenic behavior, the chapter emphasizes on applications valid for the cryogens. The use of cryogenic substances has introduced several unique problems in heat transfer. The handling and transporting of these fluids at very low temperatures in the presence of an atmospheric ambient has necessitated the development of specialized insulating methods and design techniques. Where possible or available, cryogenic data has been cited and the uniqueness of low-temperature application has been highlighted.
AGANGLIONOSIS OF THE ENTIRE COLON IN AN ADOLESCENT.

Summary Aganglionosis of the entire colon was diagnosed and treated in a boy of 13. Such an extensive segment has not previously been reported beyond the age of 3 years.
Volatility, Financial Development and the Natural Resource Curse

Cross-country evidence is presented on resource dependence and the link between volatility and growth. First, growth depends negatively on volatility of unanticipated output growth independent of initial income per capita, the average investment share, initial human capital, trade openness, the national income share of natural resource exports and population growth. Second, the adverse effect of resources on growth operates primarily through higher volatility. The positive effect of resources on growth is positive, but can be swamped by the indirect negative effect through volatility. Third, with well developed financial sectors, the resource curse is less pronounced. Fourth, landlocked countries with ethnic tensions have higher volatility and lower growth. Fifth, restrictions on the current account lead to higher volatility and lower growth, but capital account restrictions lower volatility and boost growth. These effects are especially strong in resource-rich countries. We also present IV-estimates to correct for the endogenous nature of investment rates and panel estimates to allow for possible changes in explanatory variables over time. Our key message is that the volatility is a quintessential feature of the resource curse.
Importance of environmental context for one- and three-trial cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in preweanling rats

Rationale Preweanling rats, unlike adults, exhibit context-independent behavioral sensitization after a single pretreatment injection of cocaine.
Tourette's Syndrome

The French neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette first described this syndrome, which consists of motor tics sometimes accompanied by uncontrollable noises or utterances, attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and poor impulse control. Although the pathogenesis of the disorder remains obscure, tics may be treated effectively with haloperidol or pimozide, and other clinical features may also respond to pharmacologic therapy.
A null mutation in HLA-G is not associated with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation.

Modulation of the expression of genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in tissues at the maternal-fetal interface almost certainly plays a role in successful development of the semi-allogeneic fetus. While expression of the classical class I genes (HLA-A, B, C) is low to non-existent at this site, the non-classical molecule, HLA-G, is expressed uniquely in fetal cells at the maternal-fetal interface. The recent demonstration that homozygotes for a deletion mutation in exon 3 (1597DeltaC) of HLA-G do not express the full-length HLA-G1 isoforms indicates a potential reduction in expression of this isoform in heterozygotes. If the full-length isoform of HLA-G (i.e. HLA-G1) contributes to proper invasion of maternal spiral arteries by extravillous cytotrophoblast, then 1597DeltaC heterozygotes could be at increased risk for disorders of trophoblast invasion. Two populations, infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and infants of preeclamptic (PE) mothers, were genotyped for the 1597DeltaC polymorphism. The frequency of 1597DeltaC in these samples was not significantly different from healthy controls, suggesting that heterozygotes for this deletion mutation are not at significantly increased risk for PE or IUGR (P = 0.727 and 0.803, respectively).
Toward a Rhetoric of Change: Reconstructing Image and Narrative in Distressed Organizations

This article proposes a model of organizational change by describing change as a discursive process, sparked by a conflict in an organization's narratives and images. As such, change is the process of realigning an organization's discordant narratives and images. Several implications that the model has for organizational communication and for the study of organizational change are presented.
SECULAR DECREASE IN THE INCLINATION OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES

Secular decrease in inclination of artificial satellites, using orbital data on explorer i, explorer iii, and sputnik iii
A Modified Beam Propagation Method for Modeling Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers

The Beam Propagation Method (BPM) has been used extensively to model propagation in optical fibers [1,2]. In this paper we extend this technique to model propagation in the presence of a second and third order nonlinear susceptibility in the glass. Using this technique, nonlinear effects such as second harmonic generation (SHG), self phase modulation (SPM) and cross phase modulation (XPM) can be modeled.
Synthese, Struktur und Reaktivität der Erdalkalihydrogensulfate des Mg, Ca, Sr und Ba†

Die reinen, losungsmittelfreien Verbindungen Ba(HSO4)2, Sr(HSO4)2 und Mg(HSO4)2 wurden synthetisiert und als echte Hydrogensulfate charakterisiert. Mg(HSO4)2 bildet durch Wasseraufnahme das Hydrat Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O, das sich bei etwa 120°C wieder in Mg(HSO4)2 dehydratisieren last. Die Hydratation des Mg(HSO4)2 verlauft kristallographisch orientiert. Die Elementarzellparameter und d-Werte der Verbindungen wurden bestimmt. Ba(HSO4)2 und Sr(HSO4)2 kristallisieren im orthorhombischen, Mg(HSO4)2 im monoklinen und Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O im triklinen Kristallsystem. Sr(HSO4)2 ist isotyp mit Ca(HSO4)2. Diskutiert werden die Beziehungen zwischen den Kristallstrukturen und den chemischen Eigenschaften der Erdalkalihydrogensulfate. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the Alkaline Earth Hydrogen Sulfates of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba The pure compounds of Ba(HSO4)2, Sr(HSO4)2 and Mg(HSO4)2 were prepared and identified as real hydrogensulfates. In contact with moist air Mg(HSO4)2 forms the monohydrate Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O which can be dehydrated into Mg(HSO4)2 at about 120°C. The hydration of Mg(HSO4)2 proceeds crystallographically oriented. The unit cell parameters and the d-values of the new compounds were determined. Ba(HSO4)2 and Sr(HSO4)2 cristallize orthorhombic, Mg(HSO4)2 monoclinic and Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O triclinic. Sr(HSO4)2 is isotypic in regard to Ca(HSO4)2. The relationship between the crystal structures and the chemical properties of the earth alkaline sulfates are discussed.
Internal flow calculations for axisymmetric supersonic inlets at angle of attack

Several solutions for the internal flow in axisymmetric supersonic inlets at angle of attack were obtained. A shock-capturing finite-difference technique was used to obtain the solutions. Good overall agreement between the shock-capturing solutions and experimental data was obtained, except in regions of strong viscous effects or boundary-layer removal. The required centerbody translation with changes in freestream Mach number and angle of attack was obtained and agrees qualitatively with experimental data.
The hormonal stimulation of ureogenesis in isolated hepatocytes through increases in mitochondrial ATP production.

Isolated hepatocytes incubated with 2 mm ornithine-10 mm glutamine as substrates and challenged with either glucagon, epinephrine, or phenylephrine exhibited stimulated rates of urea production, and mitochondria isolated from these cells displayed an increased rate of energy-dependent citrulline formation. There was no change in the total carbamyl phosphate synthetase I activity, nor mitochondrial content of the positive effector N-acetyl glutamate after acute hormonal treatment. The time of onset of ureogenesis and its sensitivity to glucagon were compared with stimulation of glucose production from lactate-pyruvate. No apparent differences in time of onset or sensitivity of the responses were observed indicating both pathways may be stimulated by a common mechanism. Mitochondria prepared from cells treated with catecholamines exhibited increased rates of State 3 respiration and increased uncoupler-dependent ATPase activity, in addition to the increased rates of citrulline formation. There was also an elevated intramitochondrial content of ATP and an increased ATPADP ratio. The catecholamine-induced stimulation of ureogenesis was mediated by an α-adrenergic cyclic AMP independent mechanism. The addition of the α-adrenergic antagonist, dihydroergotamine, blocked both the epinephrine-induced stimulation of ureogenesis and also the stimulated functions in the isolated mitochondria. dl-Propranolol, a β-antagonist, inhibited the rise in cyclic AMP due to epinephrine, but had no effect on any of the other reactions measured. The effects of catecholamines on citrulline formation and urea production are correlated with the increased capacity of the mitochondria to generate ATP. It is suggested that both glucagon and catecholamines, acting via independent mechanisms, stimulate electron transport and the activity of the ATP-forming enzyme complex. The consequent elevated intramitochondrial ATP levels and ATPADP ratio enhance the rate of citrulline formation and hence ureogenesis.
Energy measurements using ionization spectrometers

Ionization spectrometer for hadron energy measurement, analyzing instrument accuracy by Monte Carlo model for nuclear-EM cascade in iron absorber
First-principles study of superconductivity and Fermi-surface nesting in ultrahard transition metal carbides

Using a recently developed first-principles approach, we show that the variation in the superconducting behavior of group IVb and Vb transition metal carbides is associated with a significant nesting of the Fermi surfaces in group Vb compounds, while their phonon anomalies and density of states at the Fermi level play a minor role. The superconducting pairing arises from the coupling of metal $d$ states to acoustic phonons, and is therefore at variance with the interaction leading to the exceptional mechanical hardness where carbon $p$ states play a substantial role. We provide insight into how to optimize the transition temperature by varying the Fermi surface properties through substitutional doping.
Molecular Diagnosis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasms

This chapter summarizes the significance and molecular diagnostic detection of genetic abnormalities commonly associated with hematolymphoid neoplasms. Methodologic aspects of laboratory diagnosis are presented, as well as discussion of multiparameter genotyping of tumors for prognosis and the role of minimal residual disease monitoring in specific neoplasms.
FINITE-ENERGY SUM RULE AND NONLINEARLY RISING REGGE TRAJECTORIES.

Demanding the consistency of finite-energy sum rules at high energies, we predict that Regge trajectory $\ensuremath{\alpha}(s)$ increases at large energies as ${(s\mathrm{ln}s)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and the elastic widths of resonances go as $\frac{{s}^{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{t}(0)\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}}{\mathrm{ln}s}$ for large $s$.
The decay of 32Cl and 40Sc and the T=1 isobaric analogue states in 32S and 40Ca

Abstract Gamma rays following the decay of 0.30 sec32Cl and 0.18 sec 40Sc have been studied, using NaI scintillation counters and a lithium-drifted germanium detector. Seven gamma rays were identified, both in the case of 32Cl and 40Sc. By the construction of decay schemes through the help of coincidence studies, the positions of the lowest T=1 isobaric analogue states were determined to be at 7.014±0.010 MeV in 32 S and 7.646±0.009 MeV in 40 Ca . The end-point energy of the positon branch to the 2.24 MeV level in 32S was determined to be 9.46±0.09 MeV, and the branch to the 4.48 MeV level in 40Ca to be 9.10±0.09 MeV.
A Model for Diffusion of Turbulent Kinetic Energy for Calculation of Momentum and Heat Transfer in High FST Flows

A modified low-Reynolds number k-e model (named YI-diffn. model) for predicting effects of high free stream turbulence (FST) on momentum transport and heat transfer in a flat plate turbulent boundary layer is presented. An additional turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) diffusion term incorporating the effects of FST intensity (velocity scale) and length scale was included in the TKE equation. This model was developed with experience from many years of experimental and theoretical studies in the area of high FST flows. The constant cμ in the equation for the transport coefficient μt was modified using experimental data. These modifications were applied to a well-tested k-e model (K-Y Chien called KYC in this study) under high FST conditions (initial FST intensity, Tui > 5%). Models were implemented in a 2-D boundary layer code. The high FST zero pressure gradient data sets against which the predictions (in the turbulent region) were compared had initial FST intensities of 6.53% and 25.7%. In a previous paper, it was shown that predictions of the original k-e models became poorer (over prediction up to more than 50% for skin friction coefficient and Stanton number, and under prediction of TKE up to more than 50%) as FST increased to about 26%. In comparison, the new model developed here provided excellent results (within ±3% of experimental data) for skin friction coefficient and Stanton number for both the data sets. TKE results were excellent for Tui = 6.53%, but have scope for improvement in the case of Tui = 25.7%. The present model incorporates physics of transport of free stream turbulence in turbulence modeling and provides a new method for simulating flows with high FST. Future work will focus upon improving the model further and applying it to practical applications like flow over gas turbine blades.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving low-dose prednisone

Abstract purpose: To assess the status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in corticosteroid-treated patients whose prednisone dose had been tapered to physiologic doses. patients and methods: The design of the study was a retrospective chart review of 50 consecutive patients receiving 10 mg or less of prednisone daily at a university teaching hospital rheumatology clinic. Patients were given a rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, with cortisol levels obtained at baseline and after intravenous administration of cosyntropin. Charts were reviewed for duration of therapy, highest, current, and total cumulative steroid dose, and average daily steroid dose in each month of the preceding 2 years. results: Current steroid dose was the only significant indicator of HPA axis function. Patients receiving less than 5 mg of prednisone daily had a normal HPA axis response, whereas those receiving 5 mg or more had widely varied responses. Neither the total, the highest prednisone dose, nor the duration of therapy was a significant indicator of HPA axis recovery. conclusions: Spontaneous recovery of the HPA axis is usual for patients who are taking prednisone at daily doses of 5 mg or less. Return of normal HPA axis function can be achieved without alternate-day therapy in patients whose disease allows tapering to daily prednisone doses of 5 mg or less.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials against micro-organisms related to citrus juice

Abstract Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of various cleaner or sanitizer compounds were determined by a Spiral Gradient Endpoint agar diffusion method against four micro-organisms associated with spoilage of orange juice (Lactobacillus plantarum,Leuconostoc mesenteroides,Gluconobacter oxydans, andSaccharomyces cerevisiae) and against eight unidentified micro-organisms isolated from citrus fruit surfaces (two yeasts and six bacteria). Survivor curve testing was conducted on the four known micro-organisms. Compounds that were effective at the lowest concentrations were chlorine dioxide, the iodophor and quaternary ammonium compound. Dimethyldicarbonate, hypochlorite, peracetic acid and a phosphoric acid anionic compound also possessed substantial antimicrobial activity. Citric and lactic acids and d -limonene were less effective as antimicrobial compounds.
Stage-specific protein synthesis during rat spermatogenesis.

Abstract Stage-specific protein synthesis during rat spermatogenesis was studied in seminiferous tubular segments identified by their transillumination pattern and incubated in a serum-free, hormone-supplemented culture medium. The spermatogenic stage of the segments was confirmed by both light and electron microscopy. Several [ 35 S]methionine-labelled polypeptides were resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Discrete polypeptides can be regarded as markers for stages IV and VIII and stages X–XIV.
The University as a Source for Community and Academic Partnerships.

Opportunities for outsourcing abound, and this chapter explores several possible partnership models that could be developed to enhance both campus and local communities while improving the bond between the two.
Volume increase in L5222 leukemic cells following chemotherapy: manifestation of leukemic cell damage.

Abstract The L5222 leukemia of the BDIX rat provides an important model for the study of the effects of chemotherapy on leukemic cell proliferation. In this model system, damage done to leukemic cells by chemotherapeutic agents manifests itself as an increase in cell volume within a few hours following exposure. This effect is seen in vivo following intraperitoneal injection of drug or in vitro if the leukemic cells are removed and exposed to drug in short-term culture. The normal mature peripheral white blood cells of the animal when measured separately do not show this volume increase reflecting cell damage. The method of measuring cell volume as a means of assessing damage to leukemic cells and the lack of such an effect in normal blood cells is a means of more closely monitoring chemotherapeutic drug schedules. The mechanism producing this volume effect in leukemic cells but not in normal mature cells remains to be elucidated.
Phase analysis of quantum well states in metallic multilayers: Periodicity and thickness dependence of the oscillatory magnetic coupling

A phase accumulation approach has been used to model Cu metallic quantum well (MQW) states in the fcc $M/\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{f}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{c}$ $M(100)$ systems, where $M=\mathrm{Fe},$ Co, or Ni. The electronic states at ${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=0.00{\AA{}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and at ${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=0.98{\AA{}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ along the $\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}X}$ direction\char22{}the locations of the belly and the neck of the Cu Fermi surface, respectively\char22{}are considered. MQW states crossing the Fermi energy ${(E}_{F})$ at these points in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone are associated with the long- and short-period oscillatory magnetic coupling observed in these systems. The model predicts that states cross ${E}_{F}$ at the belly with a period of 5.7 Cu ML and a neck with a period of 2.6 Cu ML, in excellent agreement with the observed crossings in photoemission and inverse photoemission, as well as the oscillation periods seen in magnetic measurements. The fact that the period with which MQW states cross the Cu Fermi energy is solely a property of the spacer layer follows naturally from application of the model. Furthermore, the ${E}_{F}$ crossing of a given state near the neck is found to occur at successively greater thicknesses when the ferromagnetic (FM) layer is changed from Fe to Co to Ni. This systematic shift is consistent with what is seen in magnetic measurements and can be directly related to the energy of projected minority spin band gaps in the FM layer. The model gives an intuitive picture of how the minority spin band structure of the FM layer affects the electronic states of the nonmagnetic layer, showing why the thickness shift of a Fermi energy crossing depends on the location of projected band gaps of the FM layer.
Pathological and functional amyloid formation orchestrated by the secretory pathway

Amyloidogenesis has historically been associated with pathology in a class of neurodegenerative diseases known as amyloid diseases. Recent studies have shown that proteolysis by furin during secretion initiates both variant gelsolin amyloidogenesis, associated with the disease familial amyloidosis of Finnish type, and Pmel17 fiber formation, which is necessary for the functional biogenesis of melanosomes. Proteolysis combined with organelle-dependent environment changes orchestrate amyloidogenesis associated with both pathological processes and a functional pathway.
Global attractivity in a delay differential equation with application in a commodity model

Abstract We establish a sufficient condition for the global attractivity of solutions of the following nonlinear delay differential equation: (0.1) x ′ ( t ) = p ( t ) x ( t ) [ f ( x ( t ) ) − g ( x ( t − τ ) ) ] , t ≥ 0 , where τ ∈ ( 0 , ∞ ) , p ∈ C [ [ 0 , ∞ ) , ( 0 , ∞ ) ] and f , g ∈ C [ [ 0 , ∞ ) , [ 0 , ∞ ) ] . An application to a commodity model is also given.
Evaluating GCM Land Surface Hydrology Parameterizations by Computing River Discharges Using a Runoff Routing Model: Application to the Mississippi Basin

To relate general circulation model (GCM) hydrologic output to readily available river hydrographic data, a runoff routing scheme that routes gridded runoffs through regional- or continental-scale river drainage basins is developed. By following the basin overland flow paths, the routing model generates river discharge hydrographs that can be compared to observed river discharges, thus allowing an analysis of the GCM representation of monthly, seasonal, and annual water balances over large regions. The runoff routing model consists of two linear reservoirs, a surface reservoir and a groundwater reservoir, which store and transport water. The water transport mechanisms operating within these two reservoirs are differentiated by their time scales; the groundwater reservoir transports water much more slowly than the surface reservior. The groundwater reservior feeds the corresponding surface store, and the surface stores are connected via the river network. The routing model is implemented over the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project Mississippi River basin on a rectangular grid of 2 deg X 2.5 deg. Two land surface hydrology parameterizations provide the gridded runoff data required to run the runoff routing scheme: the variable infiltration capacity model, and the soil moisture component of the simple biosphere model. These parameterizations are driven with 4 deg X 5 deg gridded climatological potential evapotranspiration and 1979 First Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Global Experiment precipitation. These investigations have quantified the importance of physically realistic soil moisture holding capacities, evaporation parameters, and runoff mechanisms in land surface hydrology formulations.
Reducing the risks of infiltration and extravasation.

Protect your patients from potentially disabling complications by following these practice guidelines.
PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks

In this paper we develop a new multiaccess protocol for ad hoc radio networks. The protocol is based on the original MACA protocol with the adition of a separate signalling channel. The unique feature of our protocol is that it conserves battery power at nodes by intelligently powering off nodes that are not actively transmitting or receiving packets. The manner in which nodes power themselves off does not influence the delay or throughput characteristics of our protocol. We illustrate the power conserving behavior of PAMAS via extensive simulations performed over ad hoc networks containing 10-20 nodes. Our results indicate that power savings of between 10% and 70% are attainable in most systems. Finally, we discuss how the idea of power awareness can be built into other multiaccess protocols as well.
The culture of environmental decision-making

This paper describes the rising tide of environmentalism in contemporary culture. It is accepted that this represents a fragile advance in our sensibilities about nature and one another. It has impacted the embodied practices of everyday affairs in decision-making. The sense of environmental risk factors may have contributed to this evolving sensibility towards nature. The rising environmental concern converges with the practices of democracy in the development and expansion of right-to-know laws, both locally and globally. In concert with the right-to-know laws are concepts and practices of sustainable development and the merging of social and environmental justice.
Singularity and Sub-Branch Identification of Two-DOF Seven-Bar Parallel Manipulators

Mobility analysis of multi-DOF multiloop planar linkages is much more complicated than the single-DOF planar linkages and has been little explored. This paper offers a unified method to treat the singularity (dead center position) and sub-branch identification of the planar two-DOF seven-bar linkages regardless of the choice of the inputs or fixed links. This method can be extended for the singularity analysis of other multi-DOF multiloop linkages. Based on the concept of joint rotation space and N-bar rotatability laws, this paper presents a general method for the sub-branch identification of the seven-bar linkages. It offers simple explanation and geometric insights for the formation of branch, singularity and sub-branch of the two-DOF seven-bar linkages. The presented algorithm for sub-branch identification is suitable for automated computer-aided mobility identification. Examples are employed to demonstrate the proposed method.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Keynote Address: ACR-NEMA standards and their implications for teleradiology

The ACR-NEMA Standard was developed initially as an interface standard for the interconnection of two pieces of imaging equipment Essentially the Standard defmes a point-to-point hardware connection with the necessary protocol and data structure so that two differing devices which meet the specification will be able to communicate with each other. The Standard does not defme a particular PACS architecture nor does it specify a database structure. In part these are the reasons why implementers have had difficulty in using the Standard in a full PACS. Recent activity of the Working Groups formed by the Committee overseeing work on the ACR-NEMA Standard has changed some of the " flavor" of the Standard. It was realized that connection of PACS with hospital and radiology information systems (HIS and RIS) is necessary if a PACS is ever to be succesful. The idea of interconnecting heterogeneous computer systems has pushed Standards development beyond the scope of the original work. Teleradiology which inherenfly involves wide-area networking may be a direct beneficiary of the new directions taken by the Standards Working Groups. This paper will give a brief history of the ACR-NEMA effort describe the " parent" Standard and its " offspring" and describe the activity of the current Working Groups with particular emphasis on the potential impacts on teleradiology.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An automated basal metabolism apparatus for small animals.

Various devices have been described for determining the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of small animals(1,2,5). However, except for one complex apparatus(l), none of these allow the investigator to eliminate periods of stimulated oxygen consumption due to physical activity of the animal from the determination of the BMR. The system to be described allows for the detection, and therefore the elimination from the BMR calculation the increased oxygen consumption periods due to physical activity as well as other factors which influence this measurement. This apparatus automatically records oxygen consumption, respiratory rate and physical activity using equipment which is readily available in many laboratories. The method is based on the principle that oxygen consumption is proportional to the decrease in pressure in a closed system(2). An equilibration device returns the internal pressure to atmospheric at approximately one-minute intervals. By employing electronic transduction and amplification as well as a mul...
Survey of the Selenium Content in the Aquatic Biota of Western Lake Erie

Abstract Selenium concentrations in water, sediment, zooplankton and fish from the western basin of Lake Erie were determined by spectrophotometric procedures. The mean selenium concentration (dry weight) ± one standard error for the various fish species ranged from 1.80 ± 0.12 ppm for common shiners to 8.12 ± 1.02 ppm for sheepshead. The concentration of selenium in yellow perch was directly related to the size of the fish. This relationship was not established for other fish species nor were any differences between sexes found. The selenium content of filtered and unfiltered water samples was 0.003 ± 0.001 ppm and 0.023 ± 0.004 ppm, respectively. The higher values in the unfiltered samples were attributed to suspended solids and plankton. The average concentration of selenium in sediment and zooplankton samples (dry weight) was 0.36 ± 0.07 ppm and 2.54 ± 0.15 ppm, respectively. A comparison of the concentration of selenium in the various trophic levels indicated that selenium progressively increased from water to sediment and from water to zooplankton to fish. The values obtained in this study for fish and water are somewhat higher than those previously reported for other areas of the Great Lakes and this may be due to the fact that western Lake Erie is heavily industrialized, surrounded by several fossil fuel power plants, and is the recipient of multiple waste discharges.