cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current Perspectives on the Molecular Pathogenesis of Virus-Induced Cancers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A distinct group of cancers particularly threaten human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people. Most HIV/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cancers have a substantial component of viral etiology. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8), human papillomavirus (HPV), and HIV have been implicated in the etiology of cancers in AIDS. The molecular mechanisms by which HPV, EBV, HHV8, and HIV persist and cause cancer are summarized. The viral etiology of AIDS-associated cancers is important because pharmacologic and immunologic strategies to prevent or attack persistent or latent virus infection and cell growth transformation may be useful in preventing and treating these cancers. Effective immune attack on latent and persistent virus infection will require enhanced cellular immune responses. Such responses may be achievable through active immunization or by in vitro expansion of viral and host specific cytotoxic and helper T lymphocytes. Enhanced knowledge of clinically applied T-cell immunology may also be useful in preventing and treating HIV infection and other opportunistic infections in HIV-infected people. [Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 1998;23:7‐14]
A systems biology approach toward understanding seed composition in soybean

The molecular, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms that regulate the complex metabolic network of soybean seed development determine the ultimate balance of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate stored in the mature seed. Many of the genes and metabolites that participate in seed metabolism are unknown or poorly defined; even more remains to be understood about the regulation of their metabolic networks. A global omics analysis can provide insights into the regulation of seed metabolism, even without a priori assumptions about the structure of these networks. With the future goal of predictive biology in mind, we have combined metabolomics, transcriptomics, and metabolic flux technologies to reveal the global developmental and metabolic networks that determine the structure and composition of the mature soybean seed. We have coupled this global approach with interactive bioinformatics and statistical analyses to gain insights into the biochemical programs that determine soybean seed composition. For this purpose, we used Plant/Eukaryotic and Microbial Metabolomics Systems Resource (PMR, http://www.metnetdb.org/pmr , a platform that incorporates metabolomics data to develop hypotheses concerning the organization and regulation of metabolic networks, and MetNet systems biology tools http://www.metnetdb.org for plant omics data, a framework to enable interactive visualization of metabolic and regulatory networks. This combination of high-throughput experimental data and bioinformatics analyses has revealed sets of specific genes, genetic perturbations and mechanisms, and metabolic changes that are associated with the developmental variation in soybean seed composition. Researchers can explore these metabolomics and transcriptomics data interactively at PMR.
Popliteal Cysts: Historical Background and Current Knowledge.

Popliteal cysts were first described in 1840 by Adams, but it is from Baker's writing in 1877 that we derive the commonly used eponymic term "Baker's cyst." Associated intra-articular lesions are very common with popliteal cysts. Ultra- sonography, arthrography, and magnetic resonance imaging have all proved use- ful in distinguishing popliteal cysts from other cysts and from soft-tissue tumors about the knee, as well as in identifying coexisting intra-articular lesions. Cysts in pediatric patients are generally self-limited and should be treated conserva- tively. In the adult population, treatment is primarily nonsurgical. Arthroscopic evaluation is indicated if an intra-articular lesion is causing mechanical symp- toms or if there is no response to appropriate conservative treatment, such as use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and compression sleeves. Surgical exci- sion is reserved for cases in which this approach has been unsuccessful. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1996;4:129-133
Elastic Scattering of Electrons and Positrons by Point Nuclei

The Mott cross section has been systematically tabulated, by means of an electronic computer, for intermediate relativistic energies. Results are presented at 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} angular intervals, for electrons and positrons, for $Z=6, 13, 29, 50, 82, \mathrm{and} 92$ and for energies 10, 4, 2, 1, 0.7, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 Mev. Intercomparisons with earlier results are presented, as well as a subsidiary tabulation of a function important in the limit $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$.
Innovation in US public housing: a critique of the moving to work demonstration

The US Department of Housing and Urban Development's Moving to Work demonstration programme (MTW) allows 39 public housing authorities (PHAs) to waive certain federal regulations and merge several funding streams into a single, flexible fund. These flexibilities are designed to allow PHAs the ability to meet local housing needs and the programme's three goals: moving families to self-sufficiency, expanding housing options, and achieving cost savings. This review introduces the policy context of the MTW demonstration, situating it within an environment of neoliberal reforms in public housing and social service provision. It goes on to assess certain activities implemented to achieve the demonstration's three statutory goals. The paper concludes with a policy critique that both draws upon findings from evaluations of the programme conducted to date and sets an agenda for ongoing debates about extending MTW agreements past their 2018 expiration and expanding the demonstration to include more agencies.
Kentosh and Mohegeg Reply

We reply to a Comment [Berengut and Flambaum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 068901 (2012), arXiv:1203.5592] on our recent Letter [Kentosh and Mohageg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 110801 (2012), arXiv:1203.0102]. The Comment objects to our work partly because $h$ has dimensions and therefore measuring any variation of it is meaningless. We reply that the relevance of dimensions in the study of fundamental constants has been the subject of some debate. We also note that our model differs from the one normally used to compare hydrogen masers and cryogenic optical resonators. Ours is based on a different treatment of proper length and energy to conform to general relativity. We also enclose in an Appendix our transmittal to the editors of Physical Review Letters.
The Valuation Channel of International Adjustment

International financial integration has greatly increased the scope for changes in a country's net foreign asset position through the "valuation channel" of external adjustment, namely capital gains and losses on the country's external assets and liabilities. We examine this valuation channel theoretically in a dynamic equilibrium portfolio model with international trade in equity that encompasses complete and incomplete asset market scenarios. By separating asset prices and quantities in the definition of net foreign assets, we can characterize the first-order dynamics of both valuation effects and net foreign equity holdings. First-order excess returns are unanticipated and i.i.d. in our model, but capital gains and losses on equity positions feature persistent, anticipated dynamics in response to productivity shocks. The separation of prices and quantities in net foreign assets also enables us to characterize fully the role of capital gains and losses versus the current account in the dynamics of macroeconomic aggregates. Specifically, we disentangle the roles of excess returns, capital gains, and portfolio adjustment for consumption risk sharing when financial markets are incomplete, showing how these different channels contribute to dampening (or amplifying) the impact response of the cross-country consumption differential to shocks and to keeping it constant in subsequent periods.
Three Harpellales that live in one species of aquatic chironomid larva

Two new species of harpellid gut fungi, Smittium fecundum and Stachylina robusta, were found living in larvae of Psectrocladius sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) in a high-altitude kettle pond in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. A third species of Har- pellales, Smittium mucronatum, previously known only from Psectrocladius sordidellus in southern France, was found co-inhabiting the hindguts of the Colorado Psectrocladius larvae. Several axenic isolates of S. fecundum were obtained.
Building blocks for measuring care coordination with claims data.

Tools to measure care coordination are needed to evaluate federal, state, and private sector efforts encouraging coordination to improve health outcomes and contain costs. Administrative data are a rich source of data for studying the use of medical services, thus allowing for measurement of patient level, provider level, and system measures of care coordination. Based on a review the literature and input from an expert panel, this article describes 4 key components—building blocks—of care coordination and corresponding measures. These building blocks should have utility across clinical conditions. They may be used to test hypotheses about the impact of coordinated care on medication utilization, adherence to medications, and clinical outcomes. (Population Health Management 2014;17:247–252)
Effect of Middle and Micro-elemental Fertilizers Supplement on Rice Yield in Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field

Two years' field experiments for the application of different chemical fertilizers(CF) and the added application of middle and micro-elemental fertilizers were conducted in cold waterlogged paddy filed to study their effects on rice yield and nutrient uptake.The results indicated that: as compared with CK(without fertilization),all fertilization treatments effectively increased the uptake of rice to nutrients and rice yield,and the yield-increasing rate was 5.8% ～ 40.7%.On the basis of applying 100% chemical fertilizer,the added application of Zn and S fertilizers could further increase rice yield by 5.3% ～ 26.7%.The further analysis showed that the added application of Zn fertilizer could significantly improve the utilization rates of N,P and K fertilizer.However the added application of S fertilizer did not obviously enhance the utilization rates of N,P and K fertilizer.Taking the yield of rice and utilization rate of fertilizer into account,the treatment of 100% CF + ZnSO4 was the best,followed by the treatments of 100% CF + ZnO,100% CF + S,100% CF and CK one by one.
[Analysis on the etiological surveillance of influenza/novel influenza A (H1N1) from 2009-2010 in Shanxi Province].

Objective To study the epidemical characteristics of influenza/novel influenza A (H1N1) in Shanxi province from 2009 to 2010, and to provide scientific foundations for predicting and controlling the pandemic outbreak of influenza/novel influenza A (H1N1) effectively. Methods All samples were collected from cases that resemble influenza cases in sentinel hospital and influenza outbreak.The influenza were detected by PCR and isolated by MDCK cell culture method. Finally, Shanxi province surveillance data from May, 2009 to April, 2010 of influenza like illness (ILI) cases and pathogen detections were analyzed. Results In Shanxi province, influenza viruses kept activation in whole year. The predominant pandemic strain in 2009 was novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. The strong peak was around November, 2009 [positive rate: 58.1% , novel influenza A( H1N1 ) of the total: 88. 1%]. As well, the people infected influenza caused by novel influenza A (H1N1) were mainly under 59-year-old, and the higher positive rates were concentrated in the people from 5-year-old to 24-year-old. In 2010, influenza B (Victoria) viruses were mainly detected from clinical specimens and became the dominant strain.Conclusion: Surveillance of Influenza liue illnes, (ILI) and etiology, which can promptly reflect the influenza epidemic situation, play a significant role for understanding epidemic rule of influenza/novel influenza A( H1N1 ). Key words: Influenza A virus, human; Influenza; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Computer interpreted fetal electroencephalogram. II. Patterns in infants who were neurologically abnormal at 1 year of age.

Abstract A computer program for pattern recognition of fetal electroencephalogram has been used to analyze the records of nine fetuses, known to be neurologically abnormal at 1 year of age. In 4,913 10 second epochs of adequate FEEG, Low Voltage Irregular (LVI) accounted for 17.8 per cent, Mixed activity (MIX) for 30.5 per cent, High Voltage Slow (HVS) for 18.1 per cent, and Trace Alternant (T/A) for 33.2 per cent of the epochs. The numbers of observed FEEG patterns in these abnormal cases appear to be significantly different from those in 11 normal cases (p ⪡ 0.001).3 Specifically, the relative frequency of LVI was found to be increased in the abnormal cases (p ⋍ 0.05). Moreover, LVI was significantly associated with visually interpreted prolonged voltage suppression (p
Dexamethasone promotes long-term functional recovery of neuromuscular junction in a murine model of tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion.

Aim Tourniquet-induced ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion cause serious ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether dexamethasone (Dex) promotes long-term functional recovery of the NMJ and skeletal muscle in tourniquet-induced hindlimb IR. Methods Unilateral hindlimb of C57/BL6 mice was subjected to 3 h of ischaemia following 6 weeks of reperfusion (6-wk IR). Dex treatment began on the day of IR induction and lasted for different periods. Sciatic nerve-stimulated gastrocnemius muscle contraction was detected in situ. Function of the NMJ was measured in situ using electrophysiological recording of the miniature endplate potential (mEPP) and endplate potential (EPP). Western blot was used to detect protein expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in gastrocnemius muscles. Results Gastrocnemius muscle contraction in mice with 6-wk IR was about 60% of normal skeletal muscle contraction recorded in age-matched sham mice. The amplitude of the mEPP and EPP was lower in mice with 6-wk IR, compared to sham mice. Dex treatment for 1 or 3 days did not restore the function of the NMJ and improve gastrocnemius muscle contraction in mice with 6-wk IR. Dex treatment for 1 week exerted a maximum effect on improving the function of the NMJ and skeletal muscle, with the effect of Dex gradually lessening with prolonged Dex treatment. There are no significant differences in protein expression of nAChR-α1 and nAChR-β1 subunits in the gastrocnemius muscle among all groups. Conclusion Dex promotes repair of the NMJ and subsequently restores skeletal muscle contractile function in tourniquet-induced 6-wk IR.
Correlation Decay and Tractability of CSPs.

The algebraic dichotomy conjecture of Bulatov, Krokhin and Jeavons yields an elegant characterization of the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems. Roughly speaking, the characterization asserts that a CSP L is tractable if and only if there exist certain non-trivial operations known as polymorphisms to combine solutions to L to create new ones. In this work, we study the dynamical system associated with repeated applications of a polymorphism to a distribution over assignments. Specifically, we exhibit a correlation decay phenomenon that makes two variables or groups of variables that are not perfectly correlated become independent after repeated applications of a polymorphism. We show that this correlation decay phenomenon can be utilized in designing algorithms for CSPs by exhibiting two applications: 1. A simple randomized algorithm to solve linear equations over a prime field, whose analysis crucially relies on correlation decay. 2. A sufficient condition for the simple linear programming relaxation for a 2-CSP to be sound (have no integrality gap) on a given instance.
Identifying Health Promotion Needs Among Dominican-American Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Immigration from the Dominican Republic to the United States has grown rapidly. Yet, although adolescent pregnancy and obesity are common concerns among Hispanics, little is known specifically about Dominican adolescent health. This study was undertaken to assess Dominican-American adolescents' health concerns and their perceptions about their health promotion needs. Design and methods Dominican-American adolescents (N = 25) were recruited in a pediatric clinic in New York City which primarily serves a Dominican population. Eligibility criteria included age 13–21 years, self-identifying as Dominican ethnicity, and able to speak and read English. They completed a questionnaire, with demographic questions and questions about their risk behaviors including sexual and substance use. After completing the questionnaire, they participated in a semi-structured interview addressing their health education experiences and suggestions for such programs. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequencies to provide a demographic and behavioral profile. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Twenty-five adolescents, ages 13—21 years, (female N = 19, male N = 6) participated in the study. Most were in school (92%) and were sexually experienced (68%). Programmatic preferences included in-person programs rather than online. They spontaneously addressed the importance of cultural issues, and the need to address several issues in addition to sexuality, including obesity and substance use. Conclusions Programming for this population should address a broad conceptualization of health, and incorporate Dominican cultural issues. Practice implications Nurses working with adolescents of Dominican origin, should provide health education that incorporates the specific needs of this population, including culturally congruent face-to-face interventions.
Active dv/dt control of 600V GaN transistors

With the fast-switching devices like GaN HEMT applying in power converters, the converters achieve higher switching frequency, higher efficiency and higher power density. As a result of the fast switching edge and high commutation speed, the issues like electromagnetic interference (EMI), overvoltage, gate protection become daunting tasks. The active gate control technique has been verified on the Si device to be an effective tool to relieve the challenges above, especially to reduce EMI noise by slowing down dv/dt with less penalty of switching loss. The paper proposes a new active dv/dt control circuit with fast response to change the 600 V GaN HEMT turn-off and turn-on dv/dt slew rate freely and independently, while the converter is running. To achieve this, simulations are first performed to verify the circuit function, considering all the possible parasitics distributed on the experimental setup, and a detailed circuit design is followed. Experimental results obtained on the 300V dc 15 A load current double pulse tester, composed by a GaN HEMT phase leg, validates the proposed method by varying turn-on dv/dt slew rate from 27.1 V/ns to 8.8 V/ns, turn-off dv/dt from 34.6 V/ns to 7.6 V/ns. Finally comparison with different gate resistors is provided, showing the proposed method has a smaller switching loss under the same dv/dt condition than using a large gate resistor.
Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning

Background The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Methods Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS− face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning.
The Reduction of Fluoride Dissolution During Induration Off-Gas Scrubbing

A research project supported by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Iron Ore Cooperative Research Committee was undertaken to reduce the dissolution of fluoride into process water during taconite processing. Leach tests were conducted using rod mill feed samples and water containing varying concentrations of calcium and sodium. Laboratory liberation grinds were performed to evaluate fluoride rejection during grinding and magnetic separation. Tube furnace tests were conducted to evaluate fluoride volatilization during pellet induration. The results indicate that fluoride concentration of process water is a function of both calcium and sodium concentration in the process water. It appears that less than 1% of the fluoride present in rod mill feed will dissolve in process water during grinding. More than 90% of the fluoride present in rod mill feed is rejected with tailings during size reduction and magnetic separation. The furnace tests demonstrate that bentonite and fluxstone (calcite and dolomite) addition to taconite concentrate during pellet production increases the amount of fluoride that volatilizes during induration. Lime hydrate addition to pellets decreases the amount of fluoride that volatilizes during pellet induration. During acid pellet production, approximately three times more fluoride enters the wetter during induration-off-gas scrubbing than during grinding. When fluxed pellets are produced, three to eight times more fluoride enters the water during off-gas scrubbing than during taconite grinding.
Partnering to Meet Training Needs: A Communicable-Disease Continuing Education Course for Public Health Nurses in North Carolina

In 2004, the General Communicable Disease Control Branch of the North Carolina Division of Public Health and the North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness partnered to create a free continuing education course in communicable-disease surveillance and outbreak investigations for public health nurses. The course was a competency-based curriculum with 14 weeks of Internet-based instruction, culminating in a two-day classroom-based skills demonstration. In spring 2006, the course became mandatory for all public health nurses who spend at least three-fourths of their time on tasks related to communicable diseases. As of December 2006, 177 nurses specializing in communicable diseases from 74 North Carolina counties had completed the course. Evaluations indicated that participants showed statistically significant improvements in self-perceived confidence to perform competencies addressed by the course. This course has become a successful model that combines academic expertise in curriculum development and teaching technologies with practical expertise in course content and audience needs. Through a combination of Internet and classroom instruction, this course has delivered competency-based training to the public health professionals who perform as frontline epidemiologists throughout North Carolina.
Techniques and Applications of Fuzzy Set Theory to Difference and Functional Equations and Their Utilization in Modeling Diverse Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses techniques and applications of fuzzy set theory to difference and functional equations and their utilization in modeling diverse systems. The chapter provides the motivation for studying various models governed by functional equations in the setting of the fuzzy theory. It presents diverse systems and shows why their study in the fuzzy setting renders a better understanding of their behavior. The chapter introduces the elements of fuzzy theory and deals with a formulation of the method for casting a functional or a difference equation in the fuzzy setting. Furthermore, this chapter turns to the discussion of the method of casting a general equation in the fuzzy setting. The chapter present the steps that are needed to solve the resulting fuzzy equation. The chapter also deals with the Cauchy functional equations and a linear system of difference equations and its fuzzy analog. The chapter concludes that the technique that deals with the fuzzy analog of functional and difference equations may be applied in the study of many other diverse systems that arise in the formulation of problems in engineering, information theory, decision theory, and computer sciences.
Linking temporal-optimization and spatial-simulation models for forest planning.

Increasingly, resource management agencies and researchers have turned their analysis and modeling efforts towards spatial and temporal information. This is driven by the need to address wildlife concerns, landscape issues, and social/economic questions. Historically, the USDA Forest Service has used optimization models (i.e., FORPLAN and Spectrum) for timber harvest scheduling in national forest planning. Spatial details often were based on geographic strata, model constraints and mapping. Recently, more spatial analyses have been used in forest plan revisions. But many spatial analyses are limited in their flexibility to address concerns about management standards and guidelines and relationships to non-agency lands. To address these limitations, we are linking two extant models, Spectrum and HARVEST, for forest plan revision on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin. Spectrum provides an initial optimal solution given standard linear programming inputs. Resulting vegetative treatments are filtered through an interface that distributes selected treatments to HARVEST's raster-based management areas over time. HARVEST's parameters adjust cut sizes, buffers and adjacency considertions. HARVEST is used to simulate implementation of Spectrum schedules in a spatial context. Spatial outputs such as area of closed forest and patchiness are calculated and displayed for the planning horizon. Unsatisfactory spatial patterns can be adjusted through subsequent Spectrum/HARVEST rus. The Park Falls Ranger District (62,000 ha) and nearby private lands are used for this case study.
Medical financial hardship among cancer survivors in the United States

BACKGROUND The current study examined medical financial hardship in cancer survivors and those without a cancer history in the United States. METHODS The 2013 to 2016 National Health Interview Survey was used to identify cancer survivors (stratified by ages 18-49 years [1424 survivors], ages 50-64 years [2916 survivors], and ages ≥65 years [6014 survivors]) and individuals without a cancer history (ages 18-64 years [66,951 individuals], ages 50-64 years [31,741 individuals], and ages ≥65 years [25,744 individuals]). Medical financial hardship was categorized into 3 domains: 1) material (eg, problems paying medical bills); 2) psychological (eg, worrying about paying medical bills); and 3) behavioral (eg, delaying/forgoing care due to cost). Generalized ordinal logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between cancer history, hardship, and health insurance deductibles/health savings accounts (among privately insured cancer survivors aged 18-64 years only). RESULTS Compared with those without a cancer history, cancer survivors were more likely to report any material (ages 18-49 years: 43.4% vs 30.1%; ages 50-64 years: 32.8% vs 27.8%; and ages ≥65 years: 17.3% vs 14.7%), psychological (ages 18-49 years: 53.5% vs 47.1%), and behavioral (ages 18-49 years: 30.6% vs 21.8%; and ages 50-64 years: 27.2% vs 23.4%) measure of financial hardship, and multiple domains of hardship (age groups 18-49 years and 50-64 years; all P < .01). Among privately insured survivors, having a high-deductible health plan without a health savings account was found to be associated with greater hardship compared with having low-deductible insurance. CONCLUSIONS Younger cancer survivors are particularly vulnerable to material, psychological, and behavioral medical financial hardship. Interventions designed to reduce financial hardship should consider multiple domains of hardship as well as insurance benefit design.
The danger of missing instructions: a systematic analysis of security requirements for MCPS

The proliferation of networked medical devices has resulted in the development of innovative Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) that promise more coordinated and high quality of care for patients. Unsurprisingly, the cybersecurity of MCPS is of high concern, as they are life-critical systems that, if compromised, may result in dire consequences to the patient. A variety of security requirements have been developed over the past 10 years as a result of governmental acts such as HITECH in order to better secure and protect healthcare environments. However, it is unclear how applicable these re-quirements may be to MCPS infrastructures. As a result, this case study analyzes current healthcare security requirements and their applicability to MCPS using an approach that leverages ontological representations and automated requirement traversal techniques. Using such a methodology, we find that 70% of applicable requirements/risks for MCPS components are missing from the security documentation, including serious items such as Authentication, Data Encryption, DoS attacks, and Legacy Vulnerabilities. We also validate our results within real-world instances and find that almost half of the relevant requirements are not implemented within existing MCPS architectures.
The Seismic Response to Injected Carbon Dioxide: Comparing Observations to Estimates Based Upon Fluid Flow Modeling

Author(s): Vasco, DW; Alfi, M; Hosseini, SA; Zhang, R; Daley, T; Ajo-Franklin, JB; Hovorka, SD | Abstract: Time-lapse seismic amplitude differences and travel time shifts, obtained while monitoring enhanced oil recovery at Cranfield, Mississippi, reveal coherent changes that are associated with the injection of carbon dioxide. Rock physics modeling highlights the importance of the oil, brine, and gas content of pore fluids prior to the injection of carbon dioxide. For example, compressional velocity changes due to the injection of carbon dioxide can drop from 300nm/s to less than 100nm/s as the percentage of oil increases from 1% to 50%. Predictions based upon a new technique for modeling wave propagation in a poroelastic medium containing an arbitrary number of fluids, coupled with multicomponent numerical reservoir modeling at Cranfield, reproduce the general pattern of observed seismic amplitude changes and travel time shifts. In particular, time-lapse amplitude changes suggest a significant and widespread lowering of compressional velocities due to the injection of CO2 into an aquifer bounding the oil rim of the reservoir. It appears that the large-scale variations in preexisting pore fluid content have a major influence on seismic velocity changes, even in the highly heterogeneous reservoir at Cranfield.
Characteristics and outcomes of AED use in pediatric cardiac arrest in public settings: The influence of neighborhood characteristics.

Abstract Background Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are critical in the chain of survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet few studies have reported on AED use and outcomes among pediatric OHCA. This study describes the association between bystander AED use, neighborhood characteristics and survival outcomes following public pediatric OHCA. Methods Non-traumatic OHCAs among children less than18 years of age in a public setting between from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2017 were identified in the CARES database. A neighborhood characteristic index was created from the addition of dichotomous values of 4 American Community Survey neighborhood characteristics at the Census tract level: median household income, percent high school graduates, percent unemployment, and percent African American. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association of OHCA characteristics, the neighborhood characteristic index and outcomes. Results Of 971 pediatric OHCA, AEDs were used by bystanders in 10.3% of OHCAs. AEDs were used on 2.3% of children ≤1 year (infants), 8.3% of 2–5 year-olds, 12.4% of 6−11 year-olds, and 18.2% of 12–18 year-olds (p $50,000 per year (12.3%; p = 0.016), 80% high school education (11.8%; p = 0.002). Greater survival to hospital discharge and neurologically favorable survival were among arrests with bystander AED use, varying by neighborhood characteristics. Conclusions Bystander AED use is uncommon in pediatric OHCA, particularly in high-risk neighborhoods, but improves survival. Further study is needed to understand disparities in AED use and outcomes.
Characterizing the Safety Profile of Apixaban Versus Warfarin in Moderate to Severe Chronic Kidney Disease at a Veterans Affairs Hospital

Background: Warfarin has been the cornerstone of therapy for patients with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring anticoagulation. These patients were omitted from landmark clinical trials involving apixaban. Apixaban's safety profile is still largely unclear in this population. Objectives: To compare major bleeding, secondary bleeding outcomes, stroke, and thromboembolism in veterans with CKD stage 4, with CKD stage 5, and on dialysis on apixaban or warfarin. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified veterans with CKD stage 4 and stage 5, and on dialysis who received either apixaban or warfarin from 2013 to 2019 at the Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The primary outcome was incidence of major bleeding. Secondary outcomes were clinically relevant nonmajor and minor bleeding, composite bleeding, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and stroke. Results: A total of 111 patients were included in this study (warfarin group, n = 57; apixaban group, n = 54). Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed using the χ2 or Fisher exact tests as appropriate. There was no difference in major bleeding between groups (14% vs 7%, P = 0.362). There were increased rates of minor bleeding (26% vs 6%, P = 0.004) and composite bleeding (46% vs 20%, P = 0.004) in patients receiving warfarin. There were no differences in rates of stroke or VTE between the 2 groups. Conclusion and Relevance: There was no difference in major bleeding in patients who received apixaban compared with warfarin. Apixaban may be a reasonable alternative to warfarin in veterans with CKD stage 4 and 5, including those on dialysis.
Disaster experience, social capitals, and behavioral health

On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, and oil spilled from the breached well-head for months, leading to an unprecedented environmental disaster with implications for behavioral health. Disasters are thought to affect behavioral health, and social capital is thought to ameliorate behavioral health impacts after disasters, though empirical evidence is mixed. One possible explanation for the discrepancy in findings relates to the activation of social capital in different contexts. In a disaster context, certain types of social capital may be more beneficial than others, and these relationships could differ between those directly affected by the disaster and those who are unaffected. The goal of this study is to assess the relationships between different forms of social capital (community engagement, trust, and social support) on different behavioral health indicators (depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse) using data from the first wave of the Survey of Trauma, Resilience, and Opportunity among Neighborhoods in the Gulf (STRONG), a probabilistic household telephone survey fielded 6 years after the onset of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). We employ a structural equation modeling approach where multiple social capital and behavioral health variables can be included and their pathways tested in the same model, comparing the results between those who reported experiencing disruptions related to the DHOS and those who did not. Among those who experienced the DHOS, social support was negatively associated with both depression (β = − 0.085; p = 0.011) and anxiety (β = − 0.097; p = 0.003), and among those who did not experience the DHOS, social support was positively associated with alcohol misuse (β = 0.067; p = 0.035). When controlling for the other social capital variables, social support was the only form of social capital with a significant relationship to behavioral health, and these relationships differ based on whether or not a person experienced the disaster. This suggests that social capital does not have a uniformly ameliorative relationship with behavioral health in the aftermath of disasters.
Effect of Star Power on NBA All-Star Game TV Audience:

Data from 16 years of NBA All-Star Games shows star power has two components. First, fans are drawn to live games featuring players whose current play is at a historically high skill level. Second,...
Localized ideographs in education rhetoric: Polly Williams and a justice-driven ideology of choice

The Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP) is considered the nation’s first private school voucher program and a landmark policy for the contemporary school choice movement. Less well-known is th...
Model-free time-aggregated predictions for econometric datasets.

This article explores the existing normalizing and variance-stabilizing (NoVaS) method on predicting squared log-returns of financial data. First, we explore the robustness of the existing NoVaS method for long-term time-aggregated predictions. Then we develop a more parsimonious variant of the existing method. With systematic justification and extensive data analysis, our new method shows better performance than current NoVaS and standard GARCH(1,1) methods on both short- and long-term time-aggregated predictions.
Platelets and Related Products

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses standard and specialized platelet preparations with an emphasis on indications, contraindications, expected results, and potential adverse effects associated with transfusion of these components. Two types of platelet components are available in most hospital settings: platelet concentrates and apheresis-derived platelets. The hemostatic activity of platelets is similar in either component. However, platelet concentrate and apheresis-derived platelet units differ in methods of preparation, platelet contents, and potential for adverse effects in the transfusion recipient. Each platelet concentrate unit is prepared from a single donated unit of whole blood by sequential low and high gravitational force centrifugation. A single platelet concentrate has a volume of approximately 50 ml. Each apheresis-derived platelet component is prepared from a single volunteer platelet donor by a semiautomated apheresis process. Donors are connected via a peripheral line to a blood cell separator that withdraws and fractionates whole blood from the donor, removes platelets to a separate container, and then returns the remaining platelet-depleted blood to the donor. Platelet transfusions are administered either to prevent future bleeding (prophylactic transfusions) or to stop ongoing bleeding (therapeutic transfusions). Many of the adverse reactions of platelet administration include infectious disease transmission, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and febrile and allergic transfusion reactions. However, the adverse reactions that are of specific concern to platelet transfusions are (1) hypotensive reactions, (2) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and human platelet antigens (HPA) alloimmunization, and (3) transfusion-related immunomodulation.
Liberation Theology and Social Movements

Research on liberation theology and its impact on Latin American social movements is vast and has inspired scholarly debate across a variety of disciplines. This chapter has three objectives. First, I will describe the origins of the liberation theology movement. Second, I will summarize the debates on research addressing variation in liberation theology’s influence during its most influential years (1960s and 1970s). And third, I will explore whether or not or how liberation theology continues to influence contemporary movements. In the conclusion I take up the question of secularization, that is, the declining significance of religion—even in movements with considerable participation of religious individuals.
The SERENDIP II SETI project: Observations and RFI analysis

The Berkeley Search for Extraterrestrial Radio Emission from Nearby Developed Intelligent Populations (SERENDIP) is a piggyback search for narrow-band radio signals of extraterrestrial origin. The original SERENDIP system is discussed by Bowyer et al. [1983]. The SERENDIP instrument utilizes the regular schedule of observations of an existing radio astronomy observatory. In contrast to a dedicated search, we are not able to select the observing frequency or polarization, and we do not control the pointing of the radio telescope. In piggyback mode, however, SERENDIP operates autonomously, collecting large quantities of high-quality data in a cost-effective manner. Figure I shows the broad range of frequencies SERENDIP has monitored in the period from December 1986 through November 1988 as a piggyback experiment. Note that SERENDIP spends a significant amount of time within frequency ranges considered '~ikely" to host interstellar communication. Figure 2 shows SERENDIP's cumulative sky coverage during this same period.
Composite Test Procedure for Side impact Protection

Current proposals for defining a side impact test procedure can be divided into two general groups - components/sub-system tests and full-scale tests. The first provides data on a group of vehicle components or sub-assemblies so that they can be designed in order to be suitable for a range of accident types. The second test procedure provides information about the protective potential of the impacted, and also the impacting, vehicle for the selected type of collision. The evaluation of the protective potential of vehicle characteristics in the full-scale tests also depends on the quality of dummies used. The test procedure presented in the paper attempts to combine the advantages of component and full-scale tests without having to accept any of their inherent disadvantages. (TRRL)
Reaching Equilibrium in Tobacco Litigation

Recent pro-plaintiff developments in tobacco litigation may lead to the conclusion that such litigation will go on endlessly and threaten the financial viability of the tobacco industry. This article takes the opposite position. Although the industry may take some near-term losses, it is far more likely that tobacco companies will survive short-term losses and that tobacco litigation will reach a stable equilibrium within the next fifteen to twenty years. The threat of third-party payer claims is no longer viable. Courts have unanimously rejected them. With the exception of cases pending in Florida and West Virginia, there are few individual personal injury claims pending throughout the United States. Both the Florida and West Virginia trial plans are subject to serious constitutional challenge. Two possible serious threats to the tobacco industry remain – punitive damage awards and cases for economic loss based on fraudulent marketing of light cigarettes. The former are likely to come under serious constitutional scrutiny and the latter cases are viable only as class actions. Under the Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA), new cases will end up in federal courts which have been hostile to class certification in cigarette litigation. The relatively few pre-CAFA class actions that have been certified in state courts will have to grapple with difficult issues in attempting to assess damages.
Embedding fuzzy logic

Fuzzy logic is an intuitive problem solving technique with widespread applicability, especially in the areas of control and decision making. In general, fuzzy logic is most useful in handling problems not easily definable by mathematical equations and models. However, fuzzy logic itself has a mathematical and deterministic basis to it. In fact, fuzzy systems are often built upon simple and predictable math operations, such as interpolation, min/max, and weighted averaging. The author illustrates the structure and operation of a fuzzy-based setpoint controller. The presented structure is abstracted from implementation details, such as data structures and algorithms.
The complex coordinate rotation method and exterior scaling: A simple example

The so-called complex coordinate rotation technique is applied to two simple one-dimensional piecewise-defined model potentials. The invariance of the bound and resonance energy levels of these potentials under coordinate rotation is analyzed. It is shown that a proper treatment of the coordinate rotation gives a natural and easily understood introduction of the so-called exterior scaling. Implications for application of the coordinate rotation method to physically reasonable electron-atom or electron-molecule potentials are also discussed. Finally, the relative merits of the rotation procedure and the direct Siegert search method proposed by Miller et al. are evaluated.
Infrared spectrum and normal coordinate analysis of permanganyl fluoride MnO3F

Abstract This paper presents the infrared spectrum of gaseous MnO 3 F from 100 to 4000 cm −1 . A vibrational analysis is made on the basis of C 3 v symmetry and valence force constants are determined. The fundamental frequencies of MnO 3 F are: A 1 = 905.2, 720.7, 337.7, E = 952.5, 373.9 and 264.3 cm −1 . From the band contours and the zeta sum rule, values for the Coriolis coupling constants are evaluated. The values are: ζ 4 = 0.10, ζ 5 = −0.03, ζ 6 = 0.37. Thermodynamic properties are presented over the temperature range 235–1000°K.