cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen balances on rats during pregnancy and lactation.

SummaryNitrogen balances have been carried out on rats maintained on various diets during the period of pregnancy and lactation. The liver extract supplemented diet compared most favorably with the stock ration in preventing loss of nitrogen.
Comment: Revisiting Lassen cerebral blood flow constancy with hysteresis and 3D

Roh et al.1 present a unique case of severe, prolonged hypercapnic respiratory failure that triggered refractory global cerebral edema (GCE). This case report is interesting because edema was not abatable by hyperventilation, despite adequate reversal to a normocapnic state, and responded only to aggressive osmotherapy. The authors thank Julie D. Coats, medical illustrator, for her assistance in graphic design.
ATP hydrolysis during contraction of permeabilized airway smooth muscle.

This study determined whether the time-dependent decline in the rate of ATP hydrolysis by actomyosin ATPase during sustained isometric force can occur in the absence of a time-dependent decline in ...
Efficient Shift-Invariant Dictionary Learning

Shift-invariant dictionary learning (SIDL) refers to the problem of discovering a set of latent basis vectors (the dictionary) that captures informative local patterns at different locations of the input sequences, and a sparse coding for each sequence as a linear combination of the latent basis elements. It differs from conventional dictionary learning and sparse coding where the latent basis has the same dimension as the input vectors, where the focus is on global patterns instead of shift-invariant local patterns. Unsupervised discovery of shift-invariant dictionary and the corresponding sparse coding has been an open challenge as the number of candidate local patterns is extremely large, and the number of possible linear combinations of such local patterns is even more so. In this paper we propose a new framework for unsupervised discovery of both the shift-invariant basis and the sparse coding of input data, with efficient algorithms for tractable optimization. Empirical evaluations on multiple time series data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Role of glucagon in cholecystokinin-stimulated bile flow in dogs

Although many choleretic agents are known, their physiological roles and interrelationships in increasing bile flow remain largely undetermined. Exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, and insulin are stimulants of hepatic bile flow in animals and humans. Of possible importance in the choleresis produced by CCK is the stimulation by exogenous CCK of glucagon and insulin release from the pancreas. This research evaluates the role of glucagon and insulin in the choleresis produced by CCK. Dogs with chronic biliary and gastric fistulas were used. The synthetic octapeptide of CCK (CCK-8) administered in increasing doses produced progressive increases in bile volume, bile bicarbonate secretion, and bile chloride concentration and output. The choleresis produced by CCK-8 was qualitatively similar to that produced by intravenous glucagon. CCK-8 administration in increasing doses produced progressive increases in plasma glucagon. When bile flow changes during CCK-8 administration were correlated with changes in plasma glucagon, significant correlation existed. CCK-8 significantly increased serum insulin concentration only at the highest dose of CCK-8 administered. Somatostatin is an inhibitor of hormone release. Administration of somatostatin, along with CCK-8, inhibited the choleresis and the increased plasma glucagon produced by CCK-8 administration alone. During acute experiments in anesthetized dogs, the pancreas and stomach were removed to eliminate endogenous glucagon and insulin release. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Four Thrombotic Events Over 5 Years, Two Pulmonary Emboli and Two Deep Venous Thrombosis, When Testosterone-HCG Therapy Was Continued Despite Concurrent Anticoagulation in a 55-Year-Old Man With Lupus Anticoagulant

Background: When exogenous testosterone or treatments to elevate testosterone (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] or Clomid) are prescribed for men who have antecedent thrombophilia, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism often occur and may recur despite adequate anticoagulation if testosterone therapy is continued. Case Presentation: A 55-year-old white male was referred to us because of 4 thrombotic events, 3 despite adequate anticoagulation over a 5-year period. We assessed interactions between thrombophilia, exogenous testosterone therapy, and recurrent thrombosis. In 2009, despite low-normal serum testosterone 334 ng/dL (lower normal limit [LNL] 300 ng/dL), he was given testosterone (TT) cypionate (50 mg/week) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 500 units/week) for presumed hypogonadism. Ten months later, with supranormal serum T (1385 ng/dL, upper normal limit [UNL] 827 ng/dL) and estradiol (E2) 45 pg/mL (UNL 41 pg/mL), he had a pulmonary embolus (PE) and was then anticoagulated for 2 yea...
Paper Clip Localization: Easy Technique for Verification of Portal Placement for Endoscopic Plantar Fasciotomy Procedures

Surgeons are always searching for useful methods that enhance surgical accuracy. In the case of endoscopic plantar fasciotomy, identifying the optimal location for insertion of the endoscope for precise sectioning of the desired portion of the plantar fascia, without increasing the risk of injury to adjacent anatomic structures and without complicating the surgery in terms of time or costs, would be beneficial to patients and surgeons alike. In the present techniques report, a simple method for accurately determining the optimal location for placement of the endoscope for execution of plantar fasciotomy is described.
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Treatment for Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff: A Case Study

Calcific tendinitis is a common pathology of the rotator cuff. More prevalent in women of middle age, calcific tendinitis is often extremely painful and can cause a significant decrease in patient ...
The first generation prototype of a surgical PET imaging probe system

Our ultimate goal is to provide continuously updated 3-dimensional reconstructed PET images during surgery that are re-projected in real time onto a plane whose orientation is driven by a tracking device. The intra-operative PET imaging probe system can be viewed as a handheld, clinician-guided camera capable of seeing the distribution of the radiotracer. We present the first generation of the PET imaging probe system. The prototype of the first generation of the PET imaging probe system consists of a pixelated NaI(Tl) detector and a partial ring detector. A variant of a one-pass list-mode ordered subsets ML algorithm that was integrated with a row-action ML algorithm was used to reconstruct images. Parallel image reconstruction using a graphics card was used to speed up image reconstruction. The spatial resolution in the transverse direction was close to the NaI(Tl) crystal size. The elongation in the longitudinal direction due to limited angle tomography was not severe.
RNA-seq based transcriptomic map reveals new insights into mouse salivary gland development and maturation

Mouse models have served a valuable role in deciphering various facets of Salivary Gland (SG) biology, from normal developmental programs to diseased states. To facilitate such studies, gene expression profiling maps have been generated for various stages of SG organogenesis. However these prior studies fall short of capturing the transcriptional complexity due to the limited scope of gene-centric microarray-based technology. Compared to microarray, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) offers unbiased detection of novel transcripts, broader dynamic range and high specificity and sensitivity for detection of genes, transcripts, and differential gene expression. Although RNA-seq data, particularly under the auspices of the ENCODE project, have covered a large number of biological specimens, studies on the SG have been lacking. To better appreciate the wide spectrum of gene expression profiles, we isolated RNA from mouse submandibular salivary glands at different embryonic and adult stages. In parallel, we processed RNA-seq data for 24 organs and tissues obtained from the mouse ENCODE consortium and calculated the average gene expression values. To identify molecular players and pathways likely to be relevant for SG biology, we performed functional gene enrichment analysis, network construction and hierarchal clustering of the RNA-seq datasets obtained from different stages of SG development and maturation, and other mouse organs and tissues. Our bioinformatics-based data analysis not only reaffirmed known modulators of SG morphogenesis but revealed novel transcription factors and signaling pathways unique to mouse SG biology and function. Finally we demonstrated that the unique SG gene signature obtained from our mouse studies is also well conserved and can demarcate features of the human SG transcriptome that is different from other tissues. Our RNA-seq based Atlas has revealed a high-resolution cartographic view of the dynamic transcriptomic landscape of the mouse SG at various stages. These RNA-seq datasets will complement pre-existing microarray based datasets, including the Salivary Gland Molecular Anatomy Project by offering a broader systems-biology based perspective rather than the classical gene-centric view. Ultimately such resources will be valuable in providing a useful toolkit to better understand how the diverse cell population of the SG are organized and controlled during development and differentiation.
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Cytotoxicity of Metabolites of BaP

This chapter focuses on carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity of metabolites of BaP. As the ultimate carcinogens are expected to possess high chemical reactivity and may be formed in very low levels, the identification and characterization of such reactive species are difficult to achieve with positive assurance. To minimize the potential for error, and avoid being misled, the NIH group synthesized many known and conceivable metabolites of BaP and initiated a systematic evaluation of their biological activity in an attempt to identify the key active metabolite(s) that is/are ultimately responsible for the adverse biological effects observed. The chapter describes a study in which the intrinsic mutagenic activity of BaP and its derivatives was also evaluated with the histidine-dependent strains of Salmonella typhimuriwn and in the 8-azaguanine sensitive Chinese hamster V-79 cells. In the study, both test systems lacked or contained only negligible amounts of active metabolizing enzymes. Those metabolites with the potential to interact with cellular nucleophiles within the cells were expected to show high mutagenic activity in both bacterial and mammalian cells, which lacked the capability for metabolic activation. The study confirmed that BaP 4,5-oxide exhibited the highest mutagenic activity among the 12 possible phenols, five quinones, four arene oxides, and 11,12-oxides, respectively, and their corresponding dihydrodiols.
Comparison of Enoxaparin to the Thrombin Variant Protein C Activator, W215A/E217A, in a Primate Model of Thrombosis.

Abstract Antithrombotic therapy by thrombomodulin-dependent activation of endogenous protein C might be safer than currently used therapies, since endogenous activated protein C (APC) is generated and probably concentrated on the endothelial surface and not in blood that escapes the blood vessels during injury. We compared the antithrombotic and antihemostatic activities of a protein C selective recombinant double mutant human thrombin (W215A/E217A; WE) that activates endogenous protein C on the endothelial surface, in vivo, with a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin in awake non anticoagulated baboons. Thrombosis was initiated by interposing a two part device consisting of a 2cm, 4mm ID, polyethylene terephthalate vascular graft (DVG) followed by a 2cm silicone tubing chamber, 9mm ID, into a chronic femoral arteriovenous shunt in baboons. Upon initiation of blood flow at 100mL/min, wall shear rate of 265sec−1 in the 4mm ID segment (arterial type flow) and 29sec−1 in the expansion chamber (venous type flow), platelet thrombus growth was monitored by gamma camera imaging of autologous 111In-labeled platelets for 1 hour. Fibrin accumulation was quantified by homologous 125I-labeled fibrinogen. Bleeding time and aPTT were monitored. WE was administered as a loading IV bolus (1/3 dose) 10 minutes before thrombus initiation followed by maintenance infusion (2/3 dose) for the duration of the study at 3 dose levels: 1.8 μg/kg (dose-1), 3.75 μg/kg (dose-2) and 7.5 μg/kg (dose-3). Results were compared to controls given normal saline and to 3 doses of IV enoxaparin (1/2 dose loading + 1/2 dose maintenance): 0.3 mg/kg (dose-1), 0.6 mg/kg (dose-2) and 1.2mg/kg (dose-3) (3–5 animals in each study group). WE inhibition of platelet deposition in the chamber was dose dependent and reduced by 57%, 76% and 95% for dose 1, 2 and 3 respectively, compared to controls (p
Development of Halofluorochromic Polymer Nanoassemblies for the Potential Detection of Liver Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Tumors Using Experimental and Computational Approaches

To develop polymer nanoassemblies (PNAs) modified with halofluorochromic dyes to allow for the detection of liver metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) to improve therapeutic outcomes. We combine experimental and computational approaches to evaluate macroscopic and microscopic PNA distributions in patient-derived xenograft primary and orthotropic liver metastatic CRC tumors. Halofluorochromic and non-halofluorochromic PNAs (hfPNAs and n-hfPNAs) were prepared from poly(ethylene glycol), fluorescent dyes (Nile blue, Alexa546, and IR820), and hydrophobic groups (palmitate), all of which were covalently tethered to a cationic polymer scaffold [poly(ethylene imine) or poly(lysine)] forming particles with an average diameter < 30 nm. Dye-conjugated PNAs showed no aggregation under opsonizing conditions for 24 h and displayed low tissue diffusion and cellular uptake. Both hfPNAs and n-hfPNAs accumulated in primary and liver metastatic CRC tumors within 12 h post intravenous injection. In comparison to n-hfPNAs, hfPNAs fluoresced strongly only in the acidic tumor microenvironment (pH < 7.0) and distinguished small metastatic CRC tumors from healthy liver stroma. Computational simulations revealed that PNAs would steadily accumulate mainly in acidic (hypoxic) interstitium of metastatic tumors, independently of the vascularization degree of the tissue surrounding the lesions. The combined experimental and computational data confirms that hfPNAs detecting acidic tumor tissue can be used to identify small liver metastatic CRC tumors with improved accuracy.
Oceanic Barriers: The British–American Divide among Revolutionary Black Atlantic Writers

As a distinct generation, the first authors of the British black Atlantic – writers of African descent writing in English in the last half of the eighteenth century – bridged differing worlds. The authors shared common experiences, with most having suffered in the slave trade and having celebrated evangelical religious conversions. While scholars have tended to focus on the transoceanic connections of these authors, the political schism between Britain and the United States in the 1780s divided those authors who lived in what became the United States and those who remained within the British Empire. This article explores that division, first by separating the authors into two groups, those labelled American for remaining in the United States, and those called British for residing in the British Isles or imperial possessions at their lives' end. Second, the article explores the different experiences of each group, and the themes or approaches both groups took in their works. Black American writers generally de-emphasised political issues, forged local patronage connections, and offered a personal piety that minimised the issue of slavery. Black British writers, by contrast, would stress their African or international identity, embraced a piety that was more socially active, and focused more on issues of political rights and antislavery. The contrasts reflect different life experiences of the two groups, in part because they adapted to being governed under different polities. The larger global context of the American Revolution helps account for differences in narrative and experience among this literary generation.
DEA eases guidelines on writing multiple schedule II prescriptions

New federal requirements for prescribing schedule II medications, including stimulants used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), took effect on Dec. 19, 2007 ( ). ![Figure][1]</
Development of The Divorce Initiation Inventory

The status of divorce initiator versus non-initiator has demonstrated significant influence on individuals’ wellbeing throughout the divorce process. While these outcomes are relevant to both researchers and clinicians who focus on the influence of post-divorce outcomes, assessment of initiator status is generally conducted with a single question that varies across studies. The use of a single item to assess a complex, multifaceted construct such as divorce initiation poses a potential threat to the internal validity of the study. Further, single item assessments of divorce initiation are frequently inconsistent across studies, limiting the ability to synthesize the body of research as a whole. The Divorce Initiation Inventory (DII) is a five-item questionnaire that was constructed using terminology reflected in the extant literature. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcome of analyses for the development of the DII and to summarize the findings for initial assessment of reliability, criterion and construct validity. Clinical implications and directions for on-going research are discussed.
The absolute lymphocyte count can predict the overall survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer on nivolumab: a clinical study

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (ANC/ALC) ratio is associated with worse prognosis in patients with NSCLC on immunotherapies, but the role of ALC remains unclear. The previous radiation therapy causes lymphopenia, and given approaches of combining radiation with immunotherapies, it is critical to better understand the impact of peripheral lymphocytes. We evaluated retrospectively 22 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab at Boston Medical Center from January 2014 to September 2016 and correlated the peripheral blood counts with the overall survival (OS) and overall time on treatment. We assessed the effect of the previous radiation on peripheral blood counts and clinical outcomes. Baseline ALC and ANC/ALC ratios are positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with the OS on nivolumab. The ALC and ALC/WBC ratios at 6 weeks on treatment are positively associated with the OS. Kaplan–Meier analysis at baseline and at 6 weeks showed significantly increased OS in the group of patients with the highest ALC. The previous radiation therapy was positively correlated with the ANC and negatively correlated with the ALC/WBC ratio at 8 weeks after the initiation of nivolumab. Our finding that ALC at baseline and at 6 weeks on treatment is positively correlated with the OS provides an easily obtained predictive marker. Our result that the previous radiation is associated with higher ANC and lower ALC during treatment supports that the combination of radiation therapy with immunotherapy should be carefully applied and potentially peripheral blood counts can be utilized to stratify patients for this approach.
Building genre knowledge in second language writers during study abroad in higher education

Abstract Few studies have examined how second language (L2) students build new genre knowledge in the process of participating in L2 rhetorical situations during study abroad. The current study examines how L2 students utilize their prior genre knowledge and construct new L2 genre knowledge during study abroad. This study adopted the Rhetorical Genre Studies perspective, which argues that recurrent social situations influence people in carrying out rhetorical actions. The participants were four South Korean students enrolled in a US university as exchange students. Data included twelve semi-structured individual interview transcripts and participants' assignments written during study abroad. Findings indicated that during study abroad, participants utilized their prior process genre knowledge and discipline-specific content genre knowledge acquired at their home universities for completing L2 writing assignments. Participants’ comments also pointed to the building of new L2 genre knowledge by being exposed to new yet somewhat familiar rhetorical situations and producing various academic genres, such as research reports, in the L2 during study abroad. This study highlights that L2 study abroad students should be considered as boundary crossers across languages and across writing tasks, that is, students who actively repurpose prior genre knowledge and build new genre knowledge in negotiating L2 rhetorical situations.
Finite Element Methods for a System of Dispersive Equations

The present study is concerned with the numerical approximation of periodic solutions of systems of Korteweg–de Vries type, coupled through their nonlinear terms. We construct, analyze and numerically validate two types of schemes that differ in their treatment of the third derivatives appearing in the system. One approach preserves a certain important invariant of the system, up to round-off error, while the other, somewhat more standard method introduces a measure of dissipation. For both methods, we prove convergence of a semi-discrete approximation and highlight differences in the basic assumptions required for each. Numerical experiments are also conducted with the aim of ascertaining the accuracy of the two schemes when integrations are made over long time intervals.
Salesforce Size, Compensation and Labor Heterogeneity

The subject of interest in this chapter falls under the general heading of salesforce management. It has been estimated that in aggregate, expenditures related to the operations of a company’s salesforce exceed those for advertising and other marketing activities. In general, salesforce management involves not only administrative aspects such as recruiting, training, assigning, compensating, motivating and controlling the firm’s salesforce, but also decisions within the context of its marketing strategy such as the size of the salesforce and sales territory designs. We will in particular be interested in exploring the managerial implications for compensation schemes for the firm’s salesforce as well as the firm’s decisions regarding the optimal employment of its workers. The large and growing literature on employment contracts and incentive-related pay schemes has been explored in several management fields, marketing included. For our present purposes, we have to be very selective in addressing issues which are most directly relevant to the present work. As such, there is a clear personal bias in the sense that the materials reported below do not simply represent a review of existing literature on the subject. Rather, we will begin with a summary of a number of current results; then quickly address certain issues which, in the author’s opinion, are important and yet remain largely unexplored in the current literature. For the purpose of literature review, we are fortunate to have at least two major surveys published within the last couple of years: one is done by Coughlan [1993] in the Eliashberg and Lilien [1993] volume and the other in Chapter 8 of the Lilien, Kotler and Moorthy [1992] text; the former being an extensive and more technical-oriented revision of the Coughlan-Sen [1989] review.
Faraday’s Induction Law

Since all engineering devices discussed in this book (as well as many other devices of electrical engineering) are essentially based on the law of electromagnetic induction, it is appropriate to begin their study with a brief glance at the discovery of this fundamental law of nature.
A semantics for probabilistic quantifier-free first-order languages, with particular application to story understanding

We present a semantics for interpreting probabilistic statements expressed in a first-order quantifier-free language. We show how this semantics places constraints on the probabilities which can be associated with such statements. We then consider its use in the area of story understanding. We show that for at least simple models of stories (equivalent to the script/plan models) there arc ways to specify reasonably good probabilities. Lastly, we show that while the semantics dictates seemingly implausibly low prior probabilities for equality statements, once they are conditioned by an assumption of spatio-temporal locality of observation the probabilities become "reasonable."
Influence of an Online Travel Community on Travel Decisions

Influence of online community member’s postings on travel decisions were analyzed using thematic networks. Tremapper was used to discover which country postings to be analyzed and resulted in analysis of 8 countries. This study identified 8 organizing themes from an analysis of 81 communication threads that consisted of 713 members and 1691 postings. Out of the 81 threads included in the study, 23 showed a clear evidence of influence. The members’ decisions were categorized by the information sources experience at destination such as residents and experienced travellers The analysis of the chosen countries and topics indicate that residents were more influential in food and beverage recommendations, safety concerns at the destination, and travel itinerary refinements (including things to do and places to see) whereas experienced travellers were more influential in accommodation recommendations, transportation, monetary issues like exchanging money and how much money to carry during the travel, destination information including tourist hassle at a specific destination, and itinerary advice.
[Analysis of cardiovascular complications occurring during inter-hospital transfers of patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction].

Resume But de l’etude Les patients souffrant d’un syndrome coronarien aigu sans sus-decalage du segment ST justifient d’une prise en charge specifique dans un hopital dote d’une unite de soins cardiologiques intensifs. Dans notre departement, ces transferts sont souvent assures par le Samu. Neanmoins nous nous interrogeons sur le rationnel d’une medicalisation quasi-systematique de ces patients. Patients et methode Nous avons cherche a authentifier le besoin de medicalisation de ces patients par le biais d’une etude prospective incluant tout patient presentant un syndrome coronarien aigu non ST+ pris en charge dans un des hopitaux peripheriques du departement et transfere sur le centre hospitalier de La Roche-sur-Yon. Nous avons note toutes les complications survenues pendant le transfert et le cas echeant quand ces complications ont necessite une intervention medicale. Resultats Sur 226 patients inclus, 19 presentaient une forme compliquee de syndrome coronarien aigu non ST+. Sur les 207 autres patients, 16 (7,7 %) ont presente une complication pendant le transfert parmi lesquels 5 ont eu une intervention medicale, dont aucune n’etait immediatement vitale. Neanmoins, l’analyse statistique n’a mis en evidence aucun facteur pejoratif qui soit significatif. Conclusion Le faible taux de complications survenant pendant le transfert des patients initialement stables nous incite a limiter nos indications de medicalisation au profit des seuls patients instables ou ayant une complication de leur SCA non ST+.
Agreement Between Transesophageal Echocardiographic Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion Measurement Methods in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Objective To assess the agreement between 2-dimensional tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (2D-TAPSE), 2D-TAPSE-apex, and 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE-TAPSE) in a cross-section of routine cardiac surgery patients. Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting Tertiary, academic referral hospital. Participants Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) imaging. Interventions TEE imaging was reviewed and evaluated for the following three different measurements of transthoracic echocardiography–TAPSE surrogates: 2D-TAPSE, 2D-TAPSE-apex, and STE-TAPSE. Statistical analyses, including 2-sample t tests, linear regression, and agreement using the Bland-Altman methods, were performed. Measurements and Main Results Modest correlation was demonstrated between STE-TAPSE and 2D-TAPSE (R2 = 0.37; p Conclusions Correlation and minimal bias were found between the several proposed TEE surrogates of transthoracic echocardiography–TAPSE; however, there was poor agreement. Therefore, these surrogates are not interchangeable, and each method needs to be separately validated for clinical use to relevant perioperative outcomes.
Unerupted and Impacted Teeth: A Guide for Assessment and Treatment

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of patient assessment and treatment recommendations for patients with unerupted and/or impacted teeth. Risk assessment for treatment options is provided.
The Relationship Between Frailty and Decreased Physical Performance With Death on the Kidney Transplant Waiting List.

Introduction:Frailty and decreased physical performance are associated with poor outcomes after kidney transplant. Less is known about their relationship with pretransplant outcomes. The aim of thi...
Unlocking the Full Potential of Wake Steering: Implementation and Assessment of a Controls-Oriented Model

Abstract. In this work, a controls-oriented wake model is modified and compared to an analytical Gaussian wake model and high-fidelity simulation data. This model, called the curled wake model, captures a wake phenomenon that occurs behind yawed turbines, modeled as a collection of vortices shed from the rotor plane. Through turbine simulations, these vortices are shown to have a significant impact on the prediction of wake steering's performance. Also, optimizations using the model are performed and produce results consistent with recent published research. Results indicate that wind farm controllers designed and analyzed with the curled wake model produce wake steering controllers which can realize larger gains in power production than previously estimated. Overall, the results support the concept of secondary steering, or a yawed turbine's ability to deflect the wake of a downstream turbine, and suggest that future turbine wake studies and yaw optimizations should include the curled wake phenomenon.
PKC induces release of a functional ectodomain of the guidance cue semaphorin6A

Semaphorins (Semas) are a family of secreted and transmembrane proteins that play critical roles in development. Interestingly, several vertebrate transmembrane Sema classes are capable of producing functional soluble ectodomains. However, little is known of soluble Sema6 ectodomains in the nervous system. Herein, we show that the soluble Sema6A ectodomain, sSema6A, exhibits natural and protein kinase C (PKC)-induced release. We show that PKC mediates Sema6A phosphorylation at specific sites and while this phosphorylation is not the primary mechanism regulating sSema6A production, we found that the intracellular domain confers resistance to ectodomain release. Finally, sSema6A is functional as it promotes the cohesion of zebrafish early eye field explants. This suggests that in addition to its canonical contact-mediated functions, Sema6A may have regulated, long-range, forward-signaling capacity.
Local participation and large marine protected areas: Lessons from a U.S. Marine National Monument

This paper addresses the question: to what extent do insights from smaller, nearshore marine protected areas (MPAs) regarding the importance of participatory processes apply to large and remote MPAs (LMPAs)? To date there has been little empirical research about stakeholder participation in LMPA designation processes outside of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park context. Through an analysis of documents and 90 interviews collected by two independent research projects, this paper examines the designation process of a U.S. LMPA, the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument (MTMNM), which was established in the waters of the U.S. territories of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and Guam through a presidential proclamation under the U.S. Antiquities Act in 2009. Results indicate that overall the designation process for the Monument did not cohere with recommendations from nearshore MPA research about the importance of participation and transparency. Despite widespread support for conservation in that space, the proposed Monument was highly controverial. Stakeholders on all sides of the issue - advocates and opponents alike - expressed criticisms of the designation process. Concerns were related to the speed and perceived top-down nature of the process, the involvement of external entities, and the appropriateness of the process design for the local CNMI context. Data collected showed that much of the opposition to the Monument stemmed from how the process was conducted, rather than opposition to conservation. These findings suggest that a more participatory, collaborative, transparent, and culturally appropriate designation process might have achieved a similar conservation outcome while reducing conflict and enduring resentment. We derive six lessons learned from the MTMNM designation process that may be useful for LMPAs globally. Results suggest that key lessons from conventional MPAs about effective consultation and participation processes can apply to LMPAs, but also that new guidance is needed to account for the unique features of LMPAs.
Disinformation as Collaborative Work: Surfacing the Participatory Nature of Strategic Information Operations

In this paper, we argue that strategic information operations (e.g. disinformation, political propaganda, and other forms of online manipulation) are a critical concern for CSCW researchers, and that the CSCW community can provide vital insight into understanding how these operations function-by examining them as collaborative "work" within online crowds. First, we provide needed definitions and a framework for conceptualizing strategic information operations, highlighting related literatures and noting historical context. Next, we examine three case studies of online information operations using a sociotechnical lens that draws on CSCW theories and methods to account for the mutual shaping of technology, social structure, and human action. Through this lens, we contribute a more nuanced understanding of these operations (beyond "bots" and "trolls") and highlight a persistent challenge for researchers, platform designers, and policy makers-distinguishing between orchestrated, explicitly coordinated, information operations and the emergent, organic behaviors of an online crowd.
A Technical Look at Fetoscopic Laser Ablation for Fetal Laryngeal Surgical Recanalization in Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome.

Background: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare condition characterized by complete obstruction of the upper fetal airways. Left untreated, it is uniformly fatal. Ex utero...
Analytical Techniques for Making Recommendations More Acceptable to Users: Status Quo Bias Actually Helps Decision Makers to Take Nonlinearity into Account

One of the main motivations for designing computer models of complex systems is to come up with recommendations on how to best control these systems. Many complex real-life systems are so complicated that it is not computationally possible to use realistic nonlinear models to find the corresponding optimal control. Instead, researchers make recommendations based on simplified—e.g., linearized—models. The recommendations based on these simplified models are often not realistic but, interestingly, they can be made more realistic if we “tone them down”—i.e., consider predictions and recommendations which are close to the current status quo state.
Building trust and co-designing a study of trust and co-operation: Observations from a network study in a high-risk, high-security environment

Abstract As part of a larger project on trust and co-operation in IT-Security, the author collected network data from an international security team specialized in cyber-incident response, leading to the only dataset of its kind. Collecting these data involved a number of challenges. First, the team in question had recently been established and was based in a large international firm. Thus, the author had to navigate legal and procedural issues, and stay on top of a changing environment. Second, actors in IT-Security are acutely aware of how data can be misused, requiring the author to build trust and demonstrate appropriate data handling. Attaining support from security managers was a key step to build trust with participants and the host organization. Third, precautions were necessary due to the project's security implications, as the study data could be abused by adversaries. Consequentially, it was necessary to engage in a co-design process, negotiating technical and procedural precautions. Not all measures initially agreed upon were feasible in practice.
Communicating Through COVID-19: Keeping Patients Connected to Loved Ones

Notice went out hospital-wide: dying patients with COVID19 could have up to two visitors for only fifteen minutes As hospitals confronted the dual realities of PPE shortagesand that anyone could be a silent carrier of the novel coronavirus, a new dictum went out: no patient – ambulatory ordying, with or without COVID 19 – could have any visitors No exceptions Suddenly, nurses, residents and attendings would findthemselves breaking bad news through telephone Patientswould now be surrounded by healthcare workers separatedby layers of PPE rather than the embraces of their lovedones How would patients respond? Would they avoid thehospital until too late? Would the patients who were alreadyhospitalized rush to leave the hospital to avoid an isolatinghospitalization?
Interprofessional Education Simulation: End of Life Scenario

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) among healthcare students provides a foundation for learning to work effectively as a team. Nursing and respiratory care students have cared for dying patients in the clinical setting with little experience. The purpose of this IPE was to give nursing and respiratory students the opportunity to work together in a simulated learning environment caring for a patient at end of life. Methods: Nursing and Respiratory Care students participated in an end of life simulation using a high fidelity manikin and ‘wife’ (instructor acting as) at the bedside. The scenario, by Gina Fieler, was developed from National League for Nursing and Laerdal Medical. A structured format for pre and debriefing was followed: the instructor gave a short pre-briefing report and directed all students to enter the simulation room to observe the patient and clinical scene. Students recorded their observations and returned to the debriefing classroom. Prebriefing continued as students shared their findings, discussed significance, identified further information needed, and developed a plan of care. Student caregivers (two nursing and two respiratory) were instructed to enter the patient room, assess and treat as ordered. Student observers remained in debriefing classroom and watched via video. Instructor ended simulation when objectives were met. Student caregivers returned for debriefing. Duration was approximately 2 hours. With prior Institutional Review Board approval, students were invited to complete a simulation effectiveness evaluation. Results: 15 respiratory and 42 nursing students completed the survey (n = 57). The majority strongly agreed that the pre and debriefing (95% n = 54; both pre and debrief) were beneficial to learning. 87% (13) respiratory and 64% (27) nursing students strongly agreed they had the opportunity to practice clinical decision making skills. 93% (14) respiratory and 95% (40) nursing students strongly agreed that debriefing was valuable in helping improve their clinical judgment. 73% (11) respiratory and 76% (32) nursing strongly agreed they were more confident in reporting information to the team. Comments: value in role clarification; realistic; want more sims together; suggest different scenarios. Conclusions: Student responses reflect increased learning, confidence and desire for IPE simulation. Implementing IPE simulations of various patient scenarios is encouraged. A structured pre and debriefing format enhances learning.
Incorporating demographic information into spawner-recruit analyses alters biological reference point estimates for a western Alaska population

Changes over time in age, sex, and length-at-age of returning Pacific salmon have been widely observed, suggesting concurrent declines in per capita reproductive output. Thus, assessment models ass...
Electrical Storm With Incessant Ventricular Tachycardia in a COVID-19 Patient: Review of Current Evidence

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with various cardiovascular manifestations, including myocarditis, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias. A prothrombotic state is the primary underlying pathogenic mechanism. While cardiac arrhythmias manifest more commonly amongst critically ill COVID-19 populations, ventricular arrhythmias have been reported only in few cases. This report describes a case of a 95-year-old African American man with COVID-19, who developed sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, which progressed to an electrical storm. The case highlights the importance of high clinical suspicion, early recognition of electrical abnormalities in patients with active COVID-19 infection, and its ability to precipitate fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Also, we provide a literature review on the electrical storm in COVID-19 patients, highlighting the pathophysiologic mechanisms and the management of this deadly arrhythmia.
Inscriptions of resilience: Bond ratings and the government of climate risk in Greater Miami, Florida:

In recent years, credit rating agencies have begun to incorporate a municipality's resilience and vulnerability to climate change into their US municipal bond rating methods. Drawing on the case of...
Lessons I’ve Learned from Learning Disabilities

School problems (particularly those that involve difficulties in learning) are among the most common reasons that parents bring their child to a pediatric neurologist. I have learned many important lessons from these children. One of the most important is that the underlying reason for the difficulty often cannot be anticipated from the presenting signs or symptoms, i.e., from the “chief complaint.”
Chapter 8 The molecular organization of voltage-dependent K+ channels in vivo

Publisher Summary The electrical activity of neurons and other excitable cells is mediated and regulated by a large constellation of membrane ion channels. The expression of the genes that encode these ion channels is, thus, of paramount importance in shaping the behavior of individual cells in the nervous system. The cloning of many ion channels has facilitated the analysis of the organization of these complex proteins in vivo , at both molecular and cellular level. This chapter focuses on voltage-gated K + channels and illustrates the way simple combinatorial mechanisms can be exploited to generate a great diversity of channel subtypes in vivo . A multi-level system of controls ensures that this ion channel diversity is not manifested randomly in each cell, but is regulated in time and space to create a complex heterogeneity of K + channel subtypes, the pattern of expression that reflects both the anatomical and historical identity of a particular neuron.
A study of the 12C(d, α)10B reaction at 20.7 and 29 MeV

Abstract Angular distributions of differential cross section and vector analyzing power of the 12 C ( d α) 10 B reaction have been measured at bombarding energies of 20.7 and 29 MeV for excitation energies up to 5 MeV. The reaction was studied at scattering angles ranging from 17° to 140° c.m. The reaction exhibits differential cross sections of the order of 1 mb sr and vector analyzing powers Ay approaching unity in some cases, thus making it attractive as a beam polarization monitor for polarization studies. Zero-range DWBA calculations were carried out using both cluster transfer and two-particle form factors. Fairly good description of the shapes of the cross-section angular distributions is obtained while the trends of the vector analyzing power angular distributions are correctly described only in some cases. In both the data and the calculations, Ay(θ) shows a stronger dependence upon the total angular momentum transfer J than does dσ(θ) dΩ .
A Simple Procedure for Detecting the Presence of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in Bacterial Lipids

Four gram-negative bacterial species, including Escherichia coli strain B, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Vibrio cholerae (comma) strain NIH 41, were investigated for fatty acid content by gas-liquid chromatography involving a preparatory technique which facilitated detection of cyclopropane fatty acids. Methyl esters of fatty acids were subjected to mild catalytic hydrogenation to eliminate unsaturates. Hydrogenation was followed by bromination which removed cyclopropane acids from chromatographic profile patterns. Lactobacillic acid (cis-11,12-methyleneoctanoate) and cis-9,10-methylenehexadecanoate, previously reported in lipids of E. coli and S. marcescens, were found in small amounts in P. fluorescens but were not detected in V. cholerae.
The revised American Fertility Society classification of endometriosis: reproducibility of scoring. ZOLADEX Endometriosis Study Group.

Objective To assess the reproducibility in staging endometriosis using the revised American Fertility Society (AFS) classification of endometriosis. Design Visual documentation of laparoscopies of 315 women with endometriosis was scored by the investigators and a blinded reviewer. Setting Patients from private practice institutional setting. Participants Patients who participated in a multicenter trial to study the efficacy and safety of a GnRH agonist (GnRH-a). Interventions Laparascopic visual documentation of the extent of endometriosis before and after 6 months of GnRH-a therapy. Main Outcome Measure The reproducibility of the AFS classification system comparing scoring during laparoscopy and by a blinded reviewer. Results Good to fair agreement scoring endometriosis between the investigator and the blinded reviewer was noted. Conclusions Visual documentation may be used to determine the stage of endometriosis using the revised AFS classification guidelines.