cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calculated enhancement of open base pair probability downstream of a (TATA)2 box

The modified self-consistent phonon approximation is generalized to calculate the open base pair probability of a (TATA)2 insert between two semi-infinite poly(dA-dC) . poly(dG-dT) helices. An iterative method based entirely on the Green's function method is developed to compute the open interbase hydrogen bond probability of the insert and near bases versus temperature. The open interbase hydrogen bond probability is calculated for two temperatures and compared with perfect homopolymer open base pair probabilities at room temperature. The probability of opening is enhanced by a factor of two for the major groove bond of the AT pair at the transcriptional downstream end of the (TATA)2 insert. The total base pair opening probability of that pair is enhanced by 54%. The probability of the next inline GC base pair to be open is increased by a factor of ten.
FDTD/Flux-Corrected Transport Model for Highly Non-Linear Dielectrics

Non-linear ferro-electric materials exhibit electromagnetic shock-forming properties which can be a challenge for electromagnetic modeling algorithms such as finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). If the material response time is sufficiently fast, the shock fronts steepen until the Nyquist sampling criteria is violated, and the resulting aliasing leads to spurious grid oscillations. A flux corrected transport (FCT) algorithm is adapted for use on the staggered FDTD mesh and effectively removes the spurious oscillations. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
The biosynthesis of proline in Escherichia coli phosphate-dependent glutamate γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP), the second enzyme in the pathway

Abstract Extracts of Escherichia coli contain an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of glutamic γ-semialdehyde. This reaction is dependent upon the presence of inorganic phosphate, and utilizes NADP + as a cofactor. The enzyme is subject to neither end-product inhibition nor repression by proline, and strains which lack the second enzyme in the pathway, lack this reaction. The reaction is considered to be catalyzed by the second enzyme in the proline biosynthetic pathway.
The stimulation of dopa decarboxylase activity by ecdysone and its enhancement by cyclic AMP in adult mosquitoes.

Abstract Adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exhibit a low level of dopa decarboxylase activity. When non-blood fed females are injected with the molting hormone β-ecdysone a considerable increase in the level of enzymatic activity is observable. This β-ecdysone mediated stimulation is significantly enhanced when the hormone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP are injected simultaneously. No significant increase in dopa decarboxylase activity is detectable when dibutyryl cyclic AMP is injected alone.
Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Alfalfa Cultivars Infected With Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Nematodes are one of the major limiting factors in alfalfa production. Root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) are widely distributed and economically important sedentary endoparasites of agricultural crops and they may inflict significant damage to alfalfa fields. As of today, no studies have been published on global gene expression profiling in alfalfa infected with RKN or any other plant parasitic nematode. Very little information is available about molecular mechanisms that contribute to pathogenesis and defense responses in alfalfa against these pests and specifically against RKN. In this work, we performed root transcriptome analysis of resistant (cv. Moapa 69) and susceptible (cv. Lahontan) alfalfa cultivars infected with RKN Meloidogyne incognita, widespread root-knot nematode species and a major pest worldwide. A total of 1,701,622,580 pair-end reads were generated on an Illumina Hi-Seq 2000 platform from the roots of both cultivars and assembled into 45,595 and 47,590 transcripts in cvs Moapa 69 and Lahontan, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a number of common and unique genes that were differentially expressed in susceptible and resistant lines as a result of nematode infection. Although the susceptible cultivar showed a more pronounced defense response to the infection, feeding sites were successfully established in its roots. Characteristically, basal gene expression levels under normal conditions differed between the two cultivars as well, which may confer advantage to one of the genotypes toward resistance to nematodes. Differentially expressed genes were subsequently assigned to known Gene Ontology categories to predict their functional roles and associated biological processes. Real-time PCR validated expression changes in genes arbitrarily selected for experimental confirmation. Candidate genes that contribute to protection against M. incognita in alfalfa were proposed and alfalfa-nematode interactions with respect to resistance are discussed.
Derivation languages and syntactical categories

Derivations in unrestricted phrase structure grammars are represented in terms of a string called a derivation word. The derivation word gives a very compact representation of the canonical (leftmost) derivation. An algebra of derivation words is developed to give a concrete realization to the categorical treatment of derivations due to Hotz. In particular, derivation composition and juxtaposition are defined for derivation words, and effective techniques are given for obtaining the domain and codomain functions. All of the algorithms can be performed in linear time and space.
Perceptions of parent-adolescent communication within families: it is a matter of perspective

This study examined the concordance between parental and youth's perceptions regarding open communication in their families and its association with youth's psychosocial adjustment. The relative importance of parental and adolescents' perceptions of open family communication in relation to youth's psychosocial adjustment was also investigated. Participants were 336 parent-youth dyads from inner-city low-income communities in an eastern city in the United States. Both parental and youth's perceptions of open communication in the family were categorized into "high" and "low" groups using a median split in scores. Four parent-youth concordance groups (i.e. high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low) were derived based on the combination of the levels of parental and youth's perceptions. Parental and youth's perceptions about open communication were modestly correlated (r = 0.129, p < 0.05). The level of concordance differed by youth gender with male adolescents and their parents being more likely to perceive lower levels of open communication (i.e. "low-low") than females and their parents (32% versus 19%, p < 0.05). In general, youth demonstrated poorer psychosocial adjustment if they perceived a lower level of open communication between them and their parents, independent of the level of their parents' perceptions (e.g. "high" or "low"). The findings suggest an important role of adolescents' own perceptions of the openness of the family communication in relation to adolescent psychosocial adjustment. Developmentally and gender appropriate intervention programs are needed to improve the openness of parent-adolescent communication, to help both parents and youth to recognize the significant preventive role of open communication in the family, especially, the socioeconomically disadvantaged families.
Development of nasal respiration and sniffing in the rat

Abstract Nasal inhalation cycles of 1- to 20-day-old rat pups were measured and recorded using strain gage plethysmography, a technique that compares favorably with more common cinemagraphic methods of quantification. Respiratory recordings were taken from individual pups before and after habituation to a novel but bland environment, and in response to repeated, counterbalanced presentations of the odor of amyl acetate and gentle tactile stimulation. Baseline respiratory rates increased during the first two postnatal weeks and subsided in the third week. Rat pups of all ages displayed significant respiratory acceleration (polypnea) to suprathreshold olfactory and tactile stimulation, although there were ontogenetic differences in response topography. The occurrence and duration of bursts of polypnea increased with age. Sniffing, rhythmically regular episodes of polypnea, appeared as early as Day 3, but did not become prominent until about Day 11. The relationship between the development of nasal respiration and sniffing, and the development of olfaction in the rat was discussed.
Bibliometric models for management of an information store. III. Developing an empirical model

Based on earlier studies by the author relating to differential demand among items in an information store and to the relation of demand to age of material, this article undertakes to develop an empirical model for predicting the size of an information store necessary to satisfy specified levals of demand. A modus operandi for selecting items for retirement or removal with the least adverse impact on effectiveness of the store is suggested.
Statistical methods for improving sensitivity in dairy cattle feeding experiments.

Abstract This study compares four methods of statistically analyzing performance data from a dairy cattle feeding experiment. The basic design (modified switch-back) involved a pre-experimental (Period I), an experimental (Period II), and a postexperimental (Period III) period. Periods I and III were standardization, or control periods, during which all cows were fed the same. Thirty-six Holsteins were used to determine the effect of six treatments (2 × 3 factorial) on milk and solids-corrected milk yield, milk fat and solids-not-fat percentage, dry matter and estimated net energy intake, and estimated net energy/solids-corrected milk. The four methods of analysis utilized different data as follows: (A) average performance in Period II, (B) average performance in Period II adjusted by covariance for average performance in Period I, (C) average performance in Period II adjusted by covariance for both average performance in Period I and body weight at the end of Period I and (D) difference in average performance in Period II relative to that in Periods I and III. The difference method of analysis yielded the smallest error variances and coefficients of variation for each of the traits studied. Compared to Method A, Method D reduced the error variance for milk yield by 94%, estimated net energy intake by 65%, and fat percentage by 52%. Use of covariance adjustment for Period I performance also reduced error variances to almost the same extent without requiring data from Period III. The inclusion of body weight as a second covariable did not result in any appreciable reduction in error variance compared to pre-experimental performance as a single covariable. Consequently, from the standpoint of sensitivity of dairy cattle feeding experiments, the difference method would be the preferred method among those compared; however, analysis using pre-experimental performance as a covariable is relatively sensitive, especially for milk yield.
Ultrasonic characterization of in vitro osteoarthritic articular cartilage with validation by confocal microscopy

The majority of adults over the age of 65 y develop osteoarthritis (OA), a joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral sclerosis. Early in the disease, the articular cartilage surface begins to change histologically from a smooth to a rough or fibrillated appearance. A prerequisite for any chondroprotective pharmacological intervention is detection of OA in its preclinical phase. Current diagnostic imaging modalities, such as radiographs or (nuclear) magnetic resonance imaging, either cannot directly image the cartilage surface or lack sufficient resolution to detect surface fibrillations. We have developed an ultrasonic technique that can be used to characterize these surface fibrillations directly. We present our in vitro results with validation by laser-based confocal microscopic imaging.
First results from the Far-ultraviolet Imaging Rocket Experiment (FIRE)

ABSTRACT The Far-ultraviolet Imaging Rocket Experiment (FIRE) is a sounding rocket payload that was designed to image the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) from 900-1000 A and search for young, hot stars. Selected to match the GALEX mission capabilities, FIRE has a resolution of 8 arcseconds with a 54 ar cminute field-of-view. To ac hieve the desired wavelength limits, FIRE utilized a single parabolic mirror coated with silicon carbide, an indium filter and a detector coated with rubidium bromide. In combination, they gave a throughput of approximately 2% from 900-1000 A with a throughput of less than 10 -5 at the major source of noise, 1216 A Lyman-alpha. To ensure that the 2000 A thick indium filter survived launch, the filter and detector were encased in a vacuum can ister where the pressure was maintained with a small ion pump and opened after ascent to allow data collecti on. FIRE launched for the first time on January 28 th , 2011 from Poker Flat Research Range in northern Alaska with M51 as a primary target and G191B2B as a calibration target. This flight culminated in the first ever astronomical image taken at the wavelengths of 900-1000 A and was successful in all its technology demonstration goals. This paper will describe the scientific motivation, design considerations and initial results. Keywords : ultraviolet telescope, sounding rocket, indium filter, rubidium bromide, star formation
Anatomy of 1986 Augustine volcano eruptions as recorded by multispectral image processing of digital AVHRR weather satellite data

Eighteen digital AVHRR (advanced very high resolution radiometer) data sets from NOAA-6 and NOAA-9 polar-orbiting satellites recorded between 27 March and 7 April 1986 depict the eruptive activity of Augustine volcano, located 280 km SW of Anchorage, Alaska. The synoptic view (resolution of either 1.1 or 4.4 km), frequent coverage (often twice a day), and multispectral coverage (five bands: 0.58–0.68; 0.72–1.1; 3.55–3.93; 10.5–11.3; and 11.5–12.5 μm) makes the AVHRR broadly applicable to analyzing explosive eruption clouds. The small scale of the Augustine activity (column heights of 2–13 km and eruption rates of 2x106–8x107 metric tonnes/day) facilitated intensive multispectral study because the plumes generally covered areas within the 550x550 km area of one easily manipulated image field. Hourly ground weather data and twice-daily radiosonde measurements from stations surrounding the volcano plus numerous volcanological observations were made throughout the eruption, providing important ground truth with which to calibrate the satellite data. The total erupted volume is estimated to be at least 0.102 km3. The pattern of changing eruption rates determined by satellite observations generally correlate with more detailed estimates of explosion magnitudes. Multispectral processing techniques were used to distinguish eruption clouds from meteorological clouds. Variable weather during the Augustine eruption offered an opportunity to test various trial algorithms. A ratio between thermal IR channels four and five, served to delineate the ashbearing eruption plumes from ordinary clouds. Future work is needed to determine whether the successful multispectral discrimination is caused by wavelength-dependent variable emission of silicate ash or reflects a spectral role of sulfuric acid aerosol in the plume.
Getting clean with Herkimer: A software package for teaching children in special education to classify common objects

Getting Clean with Herkimer is a software package designed to meet a school district goal by teaching special education students to classify grooming items. The design was derived from cognitive theories of concepts and teaching. The software was compared to another software package with similar goals and a behavioral orientation. Ten elementary-age subjects in special education who used both Getting Clean with Herkimer and the alternative software showed significantly higher pretest-posttest difference scores and significantly stronger interest scores using Getting Clean with Herkimer.
Electrodiagnostic criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome in axonal polyneuropathy

Median-ulnar comparative studies (MUCSs) play an important role in the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but diagnostic criteria in patients with underlying axonal polyneuropathy have not been established. We prospectively evaluated 28 patients with axonal polyneuropathy (48 hands), blindly dichotomized into CTS cases and controls, using the lumbrical-interosseous motor (LIM), mixed palmar sensory (MPS), and digit 4 sensory (D4S) MUCS. LIM, MPS, and D4S MUCS latency differences could be calculated in 98%, 69%, and 48% of hands. Based on the maximum combination of sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic cutoffs were > or = 0.8, > or = 0.5, and > or = 0.4 ms for the LIM, MPS, and D4S studies, respectively. The LIM study was the most accurate test and the only MUCS that yielded a positive likelihood ratio greater than 10 (16.25 for a cut-off value of 1 ms) and a negative likelihood ratio less than 0.1 (0.09 for a cut-off value of 0.4 ms), resulting in meaningful differences in pretest and posttest probabilities of CTS in patients with axonal polyneuropathy. These novel MUCS electrodiagnostic criteria should facilitate more accurate electrodiagnostic confirmation of CTS in this population.
Effect of cooling rate on the survival of frozen wood frogs, Rana sylvatica.

Wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) were frozen to -2.5 degrees C under five distinct cooling regimes to investigate the effect of cooling rate on survival. Frogs survived freezing when cooled at -0.16 degrees C.h-1 or -0.18 degrees C.h-1, but mortality resulted at higher rates (-0.30 degrees C.h-1, -1.03 degrees C.h-1, and -1.17 degrees C.h-1). Surviving frogs in the latter groups required longer periods to recover, and transient injury to the neuromuscular system was evident. Some of the frogs that died had patches of discolored, apparently necrotic skin; vascular damage, as indicated by hematoma, also occurred. It is concluded that slow cooling may be critical to the freeze tolerance of wood frogs. Additional studies examined the effect of cooling rate on physiological responses promoting freeze tolerance. Mean glucose concentrations measured in plasma (15-16 mumol.ml-1) and liver (42-45 mumol.g-1) following a 2-h thaw did not differ between slowly- and rapidly-cooled frogs but in both groups were elevated relative to unfrozen controls. Thus, freezing injury to rapidly-cooled frogs apparently was not mitigated by the presence of elevated glucose. Water contents of liver tissue, measured 2 h post-thawing, did not differ between slowly-cooled (mean = 77.6%) and rapidly-cooled (mean = 78.5%) frogs. However, the mean hematocrit of slowly-cooled frogs (48%) was significantly higher than that (37%) of frogs cooled rapidly, possibly owing to differences in the dynamics of tissue water during freezing.
Steady-State Stability Analysis with Frequency Methods: Optimization of Excitation System Parameters

In this paper analysis of the steady-state stability of a large power network is conducted using frequency methods. The problem of selecting the appropriate values of excitation system parameters (e. g., regulator and power system stabilizer gains) for a multimachine power system is considered. A procedure for optimizing these adjustable parameters, to give the best degree of stability at the desired frequency range, is presented.
Complementary Coffee Cups

(2006). Complementary Coffee Cups. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 170-175.
Random walks on trees

The classical gambler's ruin problem, i.e., a random walk along a line may be viewed graph theoretically as a random walk along a path with the endpoints as absorbing states. This paper is an investigation of the natural generalization of this problem to that of a particle walking randomly on a tree with the endpoints as absorbing barriers. Expressions in terms of the graph structure are obtained from the probability of absorption at an endpoint e in a walk originating from a vertex v, as well as for the expected length of the walk.
Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Colloid Cysts of the Third Ventricle

Colloid cyst of the third ventricle is a well known neuropathological entity with consistent anatomic locations and a characteristic epithelial appearance. The authors describe 14 cases of histologically verified colloid cysts and discuss the histological differences between these and other epithelium-lined cysts in the central nervous system. The study population comprised eight males and six females ranging in age from 28 to 82 years. Eight were autopsy cases (mean age, 67 years) in which the colloid cysts were found incidentally. None of these cysts obstructed the foramen of Monro. Their mean size was 9×8×8 mm and, without exception, they were located in the anterior roof of the third ventricle. Six of the patients were surgical cases and their mean age was 37 years. The reasons for hospitalization were paroxysmal headaches in three patients, two of whom exhibited deterioration of consciousness; sudden, severe headache and unconsciousness with no history of headache in two; and longstanding, mild dementia and gait disturbance mimicking normal pressure hydrocephalus in one. The cysts were lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells. Among the operated cysts, cilia were found in four and goblet cells in two. Periodic acid-Schiffpositive cells were observed in all of the stained specimens. No histological differences were noted between symptomatic (operated) and asymptomatic (found at autopsy) cysts. The ciliated epithelium lining colloid cysts of the third ventricle is similar to that observed in Rathke's cleft cyst and some epithelial cysts found elsewhere in the central nervous system.
ARF: a key regulatory switch in membrane traffic and organelle structure

The small GTP-binding protein ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) regulates, through a GTP cycle, the reversible binding of cytosolic coat proteins to Golgi membranes. By determining the binding and release of coat proteins from membranes, ARF controls the production and lifetime of coated-membrane structures. In the past year, studies suggesting a role for ARF in phospholipid metabolism have broadened our perspective on ARF function within the cell.
Jay’s Pirouette, or Why Political Trust is Not the Same as Personal Trust:

Contemporary social and political theorists have addressed the problem of trust in a manner not satisfactory to the development of administrative theory. This article critiques the rational choice theories of trust as well as those theories that depict trust as dependent on widely shared values. It presents instead a version of “political trust” and argues that trust in the political realm derives from confidence in the institutions and processes of government as well as public officials as individuals. Institutional design and its success in balancing discretion and accountability is identified as the problem of trust in the administrative state.
The bradycardic and mydriatic effects of chlorodimeform and its demethylated analogs in the rat: Anatagonism by idazoxan but not by prazosin

Summary Pupillary and cardiac responses to i.v. injections of chlordimetorm (CDM, 0.3–10 mg/kg), a formamidine insecticide, and its metabolites demethylchlordimeform (DCDM, 0.03–1 mg/kg) and didemethylchlordimeform (DDCDM, 0.1–3 mg/kg) were studied in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Both CDM and DCDM induced a dose-dependent mydriasis and bradycardia and DCDM was 10 times more potent than CDM in causing these effects. In contrast, DDCDM did not induce a mydriasis or bradycardia. The α 2 -adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) abolished or reduced CDM- and DCDM-induced mydriasis and bradycardia, whereas the α 1 -adrenoreceptor antagonist, prazosin (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) did not change these effects of CDM and DCDM. SKF 525-A (50 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of enzymatic demethylation, administered 10 min before the first dose of CDM, failed to reduce the effects of CDM. The results suggested: 1) the mydriatic and bradycardic effects of CDM and DCDM are mediated by α 2 -adrenoreceptors, 2) the monodemethylation of CDM increases its α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonistic activities, but the didemethylation of CDM abolishes these activities, and 3) CDM can exert α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonistic activities without undergoing a demethylation process.
Crystal structure and electrical conductivity of (TTF)5Hg6(SCN)16

Abstract The crystal structure and electrical properties of (TTF)5Hg6(SCN)16 have been determined. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/a, with unit cell dimensions a = 15.032(3) , b = 16.846(5) , c = 17.364(3) A and β = 108.92(1)°. The TTF units are stacked along the c axis. Within the stacks, dimers and trimers alternate. The complex anion contains bridging as well as non-bridging SCN− ligands. The crystals exhibit semiconducting behavior with a room temperature conductivity of 8.7 × 10−4 S·cm−1.
A case of possible HIV prophylaxis-induced anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Abstract There is considerable literature on the neuropsychiatric effects of antiretrovirals. This is the first case, to our knowledge, of new-onset obsessive–compulsive symptoms correlated with emtricitabine/tenofovir, a commonly prescribed HIV prophylaxis combination. We describe the case of a woman, who developed upsetting obsessive thoughts following initiation of this pharmacotherapy and include discussion of relevant literature.
Valproate Potentiates Androgen Biosynthesis in Human Ovarian Theca Cells

In patients with epilepsy, treatment with valproate (VPA) has been reported to be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome-like symptoms including weight gain, hyperandrogenemia, and hyperinsulinemia. We examined the effect of VPA on androgen biosynthesis in ovarian theca cells isolated from follicles of normal cycling women to determine whether the hyperandrogenemia reported with VPA treatment could be a result of direct effects of VPA on the ovary. In long-term cultures of theca cells treated for 72 h with sodium valproate (30–3000 μm), we observed an increase in basal and forskolin-stimulated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone production compared with control values. In contrast, low doses of VPA treatment (i.e. 30–300 μm) had no effect on basal and forskolin-stimulated progesterone production, whereas higher doses of VPA (1000–3000 μm) inhibited progesterone production. The most pronounced effect of VPA on androgen biosynthesis was observed in the dose range o...
The cardiokymography exercise test compared to the thallium-201 perfusion exercise test in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

To determine the usefulness of exercise cardiokymography (CKG) compared to thallium-201 perfusion scanning in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), 179 patients with a mean age of 54 +/- 10 years (73% men) were studied. Previously documented CAD was present in 73 patients (41%); 13 (7%) were asymptomatic and 93 (53%) had chest pain syndrome. Exercise stress testing, CKG, and thallium-201 perfusion scanning were independently correlated with coronary angiographic data. Treadmill exercise stress test alone without CKG had a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 62%. CKG showed a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 90%, and easily interpreted cardiokymograms were obtained in 78% of patients studied. Thallium-201 scans had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 88%. However, when the CKG and treadmill exercise test results were concordant (both positive or both negative), the CKG exercise test had a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 100%. Thus, when the CKG and exercise test results are concordant, the sensitivity and specificity are equal to or better than thallium-201 perfusion scanning for the prediction of CAD. Since CKG is an inexpensive and noninvasive test, its adjunctive use with routine exercise stress testing may be of great value.
Transmission and deposition behavior of aerosols in sampling inlets

Under many conditions of aerosol sampling, particle deposition inside the inlet has an equal or greater effect on the overall sampling efficiency than particle aspiration from the environment to the inlet face. This paper describes quantitatively the deposition and transmission behavior of particles inside an aerosol sampling inlet. The experimental data have been obtained in a horizontal wind tunnel in which uranine-tagged aerosols are dispersed and subsequently sampled by thin-walled, circular inlets. The inlets are aligned parallel to the wind direction and feed the transmitted aerosols into the view volume of an optical single particle counter. Through washoff and fluorescent analysis of the particle deposits combined with the particle count from the optical particle counter, the transmission efficiencies have been determined for various particle sizes, wind and inlet velocities, and inlet sizes. A model has been developed from the data, and a uniform and general expression for the transmission effici...
Hiding spaces: a CAVE of elusive immateriality

Hiding Spaces is an immersive VR Cave artwork which pushes past the limitations of physical media by exploring the new ambiguities that can delight the viewer in the virtual world. By using innovative tools developed especially for creative work within the Cave environment, in combination with more established digital methods and artistic practice, the authors collaborated to produce a work which transgresses the usual borders of 2D and 3D, including those that are common even in VR environments.
Insulin binds to and promotes the phosphorylation of a Mr 210 000 component of its receptor in detergent extracts of rat liver microsomes.

Abstract Insulin in the presence of Mn2+ and [γ32P]ATP promoted the phosphorylation of two proteins of Mr 95 000 and Mr 210 000 in detergent extracts of rat liver microsomes. The Mr 210 000 protein was identified as a component of the insulin receptor by immunoprecipitation. It also bound [125I]insulin specifically, was phosphorylated largely on a tyrosine residue and could not be cleaved to smaller subunits under extreme reducing conditions. The Mr 210 000 protein appears to be a component of a sub-population of liver membrane insulin receptors in which insulin-binding and insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site(s) reside in a single polypeptide chain.
A solvable case of the traveling salesman problem

LetD = ‖dij‖ be the distance matrix defining a traveling salesman problem. IfD is upper triangular, i.e.dij = 0, fori ≥ j, then the traveling salesman problem can be solved with an amount of computation approximately equal to that required for an assignment problem of the same dimension.
Ocular Manifestations of Acute Pandysautonomia

A 33-year-old white man developed premature presbyopia and anisocoria as initial manifestations of acute pandysautonomia. Nine months later signs and symptoms of generalized, severe autonomic dysfunction developed, and six years later only paralysis of pupillary reactions, presbyopia, and orthostatic hypotension were unresolved. Pharmacologic testing of the pupils demonstrated no mydriasis to cocaine 4% or hydroxyamphetamine 1% and hypersensitivity to epinephrine 0.1%, methacholine 2.5%, and pilocarpine 0.0625%, suggesting the presence of sympathetic and parasympathetic, postganglionic blockage of autonomic innervation of the iris.
Geometry, kinetics, and short length effects of electromigration in Mn doped Cu interconnects at the 32nm technology node

Mn doping in Cu seed has been used to improve EM performance at the 32nm technology node. This paper will show that on an optimized process with CuMn there were different degrees of EM enhancement for geometric variations including line width and electron flow direction. In addition, kinetics experiments on several geometries resulted in activation energies in the range of 0.95–1.33eV. Finally, the Blech threshold (jL)c=338mA/um was derived from the experimental data on various line lengths and current densities.
Electron microscopy and energy loss study of low temperature plasma deposited oxide on a CZ grown Si substrate

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and computer-controlled parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) are used to obtain the structure of and compositional profile across a thin oxide film deposited by remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 300°C. The film, believed to be stoichio-metrically correct SiO2 as determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was found to be oxygen rich with a composition non-uniformity across it. The existence of an abundance of oxygen was supported by capacitance-voltage measurements and etch rate studies. The non-uniformity was observed in TEM images. These results show what a powerful characterization technique computer-controlled PEELS can be. In addition, this is the first time that PEELS profiling was used to help interpret TEM images.
On the determination of nonlinear response distributions for oscillators with combined harmonic and random excitation

The analysis of two different nonlinear systems, both subject to an excitation that comprises a harmonic and a random component, is presented in this paper. Both systems are known to exhibit different coexisting attractors for a purely harmonic forcing. The random part causes a disturbance of the response of these systems: Even though a dominating effect of the attractors for the deterministic case is still visible, the random disturbance also leads to occasional jumps between the areas surrounding the different attractors. To access the likelihood of the system being found in a specific state, probability density functions are approximated numerically by means of a localized statistical linearization.
MALIGNANT MELANOMA IN A PATIENT WITH OVARIAN AGENESIS. CASE REPORT OF PROLONGED SURVIVAL

INTRODUCTION PAST experience notwithstanding, the hope exists that the many mysteries of malignant melanoma may be ultimately unraveled by the blending of the certainty of observation with the uncertainty of imagination. Although it is quite possible that an individual and unique patient with malignant melanoma may become the key to the cause or cure of this disease, yet one must be extremely cautious in deriving probabilities based upon the principles of a single case report. This report is presented because of the prolonged survival of a woman with metastatic malignant melanoma and ovarian agenesis. It is generally accepted that the course of untreated or metastatic malignancy is one of steady growth, almost always with a fatal termination. A survey of the entire realm of cancer and allied diseases will reveal no tumor more virulent in this respect than malignant melanoma. Although in. the natural history of specific neoplastic diseases there may occur occasional periods of spontaneous arrest or even re...
Localized bioimpedance analysis in the evaluation of neuromuscular disease

Localized bioimpedance analysis is a novel, noninvasive technique with potential application to neuromuscular disease. In this procedure, high-frequency alternating current is passed through muscle, and parameters related to the consequent voltage pattern are evaluated. Currents flowing perpendicular to muscle fibers encounter many more cell membranes than do currents flowing parallel to them, producing surface voltage patterns that are altered by disease. Using this technique, 45 normal subjects and 25 patients with various neuromuscular diseases were studied, including 4 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 4 with inflammatory myopathy, and 11 with inclusion-body myositis. Two parameters, the spatially averaged phase and the effective longitudinal resistivity, were altered in patients with neuromuscular disease. Reductions in phase correlated to disease progression, whereas normalization of phase correlated with disease remission. In patients with inclusion-body myositis, a unique pattern of reduced phase and elevated resistivity was identified. These findings suggest that localized bioimpedance analysis has the potential of playing a substantial role in the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of neuromuscular disease.
Laboratory performance of two polyphagous invasive weevils on the predominant woody plant species of a northern hardwood community.

A complex of invasive weevils that consume roots as larvae and foliage as adults have become established in northern hardwood forests in North America. We evaluated adults of the two most prominent species, Phyllobius oblongus and Polydrusus sericeus, for longevity, foliage consumption, and egg production on several putative hosts commonly found in this ecosystem. Adult pairs were monitored in no-choice laboratory assays for the duration of their lifespans on basswood, Tilia americana, ironwood, Ostrya virginiana, sugar maple, Acer saccharum, raspberry, Rubus spp., or leatherwood, Dirca palustris. Overall, P. sericeus lived more than twice as long as P. oblongus and lived longer on all hosts. P. sericeus consumed more total leaf area than P. oblongus on basswood, ironwood, and raspberry, but P. oblongus had a higher leaf consumption rate on sugar maple. Basswood was a very good host for P. sericeus. Leatherwood was not a suitable host for either weevil species. The higher longevity and fecundity of P. sericeus than P. oblongus did not agree with that expected from population data, in that the latter species is substantially more abundant. This likely reflects P. oblongus' superior performance on sugar maple, the dominant flora in the study area. These data provide a basis for estimating the broader impacts of adult weevil feeding.
The Drosophila wings apart Gene Anchors a Novel, Evolutionarily Conserved Pathway of Neuromuscular Development

wings apart (wap) is a recessive, semilethal gene located on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, which is required for normal wing-vein patterning. We show that the wap mutation also results in loss of the adult jump muscle. We use complementation mapping and gene-specific RNA interference to localize the wap locus to the proximal X chromosome. We identify the annotated gene CG14614 as the gene affected by the wap mutation, since one wap allele contains a non-sense mutation in CG14614, and a genomic fragment containing only CG14614 rescues the jump-muscle phenotypes of two wap mutant alleles. The wap gene lies centromere-proximal to touch-insensitive larva B and centromere-distal to CG14619, which is tentatively assigned as the gene affected in introverted mutants. In mutant wap animals, founder cell precursors for the jump muscle are specified early in development, but are later lost. Through tissue-specific knockdowns, we demonstrate that wap function is required in both the musculature and the nervous system for normal jump-muscle formation. wap/CG14614 is homologous to vertebrate wdr68, DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7, which also are expressed in neuromuscular tissues. Thus, our findings provide insight into mechanisms of neuromuscular development in higher animals and facilitate the understanding of neuromuscular diseases that may result from mis-expression of muscle-specific or neuron-specific genes.
Atmospheric-Pressure Microplasma Jets From Linear Arrays of Hollow-Core Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications

Atmospheric-pressure microplasma jets from a linear array of five hollow-core optical fibers are described. All plasma plumes from the array were quite narrow but long enough to apply the direct treatments to a very small object. The optical intensities from five individual plasma jets were also stable and had a good uniformity. The variation of the optical intensities of individual plasma plumes was within 15%. This plurality of the small-sized plasma jets can be utilized to target some groups of different cells simultaneously in an in vitro biomedical application.
Anisotropy of the elastic modulus of trabecular bone specimens from different anatomical locations.

Abstract To associate the mechanical anisotropy of trabecular bone with the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical properties, 97 cubic specimens of human trabecular bone were imaged with computed tomography. Bone cubes from the spine, the calcaneus, the distal, and the proximal femur were tested multidirectionally to measure their compressive stiffness and to calculate their ratios of mechanical anisotropy. The ultimate strength was determined in a destructive test in cephalo–caudal (c–c) direction. Compressive stiffness was largest in the c–c direction for the specimens from the spine, as well as the distal and the proximal femur, but not the calcaneus. Anisotropy ratios in c–c direction were larger at the distal femur and the spine than in the proximal femur. The predictive power of BMD for the mechanical properties varied with anatomical location and strongly depended on the loading direction. While at the spine the c–c stiffness was highly correlated to BMD ( r 2 =0.73), the perpendicular directions showed only modest correlations ( r 2
Morality and the Use of Force in a Unipolar World: The “Wilsonian Moment”?

When, where, and how should the promotion of human rights and democracy abroad figure in American foreign policy? A compelling way for liberals to influence this debate is to underscore a Wilsonian agenda's relevance to national security. To the extent that stability in a region is grounded in a commitment to liberal democratic government, American security interests are served directly and powerfully. Nevertheless, liberals must also recognize that in some regions their agenda may be irrelevant, even quixotic. Not every part of the world is ready for the liberal democratic message, and the failure to recognize this fundamental truth has often undercut efforts to advance a Wilsonian agenda.
The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified

The category of “Not Otherwise Specified” (NOS) for DSM-based psychiatric diagnosis has typically retained diagnoses whose rarity, empirical criterion validation or symptomatic expression has been insufficient to be codified. This article reviews the literature on Telephone Scatologia, Necrophilia, Zoophilia, Urophilia, Coprophilia, and Partialism. Based on extant data, no changes are suggested except for the status of Partialism. Partialism, sexual arousal characterized by “an exclusive focus on part of the body,” had historically been subsumed as a type of Fetishism until the advent of DSM-III-R. The rationale for considering the removal of Partialism from Paraphilia NOS and its reintegration as a specifier for Fetishism is discussed here and in a companion review on the DSM diagnostic criteria for fetishism (Kafka, 2009). In the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR, the essential features of a Paraphilia are recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors generally involving nonhuman objects, the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner, or children or other nonconsenting persons that occur over a period of at least 6 months (Criterion A). Given consideration for the erotic focus of Partialism and Autoerotic Asphyxia, amending the operational criteria for Paraphilia should be considered to include an atypical focus involving human subjects (self or others).
Disclosure of Complementary and Alternative Medicine to Conventional Medical Providers: Variation by Race/Ethnicity and Type of Cam

Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is often used alongside conventional medical care, yet fewer than half of patients disclose CAM use to medical doctors. CAM disclosure is particularly low among racial/ ethnic minorities, but reasons for differences, such as type of CAM used or quality of conventional healthcare, have not been explored. Objective We tested the hypotheses that disclosure of CAM use to medical doctors is higher for provider-based CAM and among non-Hispanic whites, and that access to and quality of conventional medical care account for racial/ ethnic differences in CAM disclosure. Methods Bivariate and multiple variable analyses of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey and 2001 Health Care Quality Survey were performed. Results Disclosure of CAM use to medical providers was higher for provider-based than self-care CAM. Disclosure of any CAM was associated with access to and quality of conventional care and higher among non-Latino whites relative to minorities. Having a regular doctor and quality patient-provider relationship mitigated racial/ethnic differences in CAM disclosure. Conclusion Insufficient disclosure of CAM use to conventional providers, particularly for self-care practices and among minority populations, represents a serious challenge in medical encounter communications. Efforts to improve disclosure of CAM use should be aimed at improving consistency of care and patient-physician communication across racial/ethnic groups.
Constraint on the optical constants of a transparent film on an absorbing substrate for inversion of the ratio of complex p and s reflection coefficients at a given angle of incidence.

An absorbing substrate of complex refractive index n2−jk2 can be coated by a transparent thin film of refractive index n1 and normalized thickness ζ so that the ratio of complex reflection coefficients for the p and s polarizations of the film-covered substrate ρ is the inverse of that of the film-free substrate ρ at a given angle of incidence ϕ. A pair of parallel (metallic) mirrors, one uncoated and the other coated with a ρ-inverting layer, causes a beam displacement without change of polarization and with a certain net reflectance (insertion loss) ℛ. In this paper the constraint on n1, n2, k2 for ρ inversion (ρρ=1) is represented by a family of constant −n1 contours in the n2k2 plane at ϕ = 45, 60, and 75°. Along each solution curve, ζ and ℛ are also plotted vs n2 at constant n1. Analysis of the effect of small errors of incidence angles, film refractive index, and thickness is presented for two specific designs using Al mirrors at 650 and 950 nm.
Mid-term Results of Laparoscopic Surgery and Open Surgery for Radical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the oncologic safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery compared to that of conventional open surgery and to compare the disease- free survival (DFS) rates between laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery for radical treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2005, 583 patients underwent laparoscopic or conventional open surgery. To address only radical treatment of colorectal cancer, we excluded subjects who had undergone emergency or palliative operation. Four hundred ninety patients were identified for this study. The laparoscopic (LG) and open group (OG) had 74 and 166 patients, respectively, for colon cancer, and 92 and 158 patients, respectively, for the rectal cancer. Results: No difference was noted in the lengths of the distal margins of the resected bowels between the LG and the OG for rectal cancer (P＞0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in DFS rates between the LG and the OG for both colon and rectal cancer (P＞0.05). Conclusions: The laparoscopic technique does not seem to present any disadvantages and is safe and feasible for the treatment of colorectal cancer. No difference was found between laparoscopic and open surgery in terms of DFS for colorectal cancer.