cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Crosstalk

In any electronic systems, it is not practical nor is it necessary to eliminate all the noise, as noise is not a problem until it interferes with the surrounding circuitries or radiates electromagnetic energy that exceeds FCC limits and or degrades the system performance. When noise interferes with other circuits it is called crosstalk. Crosstalk can be transmitted through electromagnetic radiation or electrically coupling, such as when unwanted signals propagate on the power and ground planes or couple onto the adjacent circuits. One of the most challenging problems designers are facing in today’s electronic systems is to determine the source of crosstalk, especially in the case where crosstalk randomly causes system failures. Because components are so tightly packed into a very small printed circuit board (PCB). This chapter outlines the crosstalk mechanisms and design methodologies to minimize the effects of crosstalk.
Cation Translocation around Single Polyoxometalate–Organic Hybrid Cluster Regulated by Electrostatic and Cation–π Interactions

We report herein an interesting dynamic translocation process of countercations around one polyoxometalate(POM)-organic hybrid anionic cluster at various concentrations and temperatures. It was found that both electrostatic interactions and cation-π interactions regulate the position of small countercations around single clusters. The dynamic geometry and the symmetry of the hybrid macroions are largely affected by the type of counterions, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies and all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. It is also shown that electrostatic interactions dominate over cation-π interactions in determining the locations of the counterions in the current system.
Ultrasound Characteristics and Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes in the Cervical Soft Tissues: A Radiology Perspective

Ultrasound (US) is a practical and reliable imaging modality for assessment of lymph nodes. It has been our experience that 39 % of metastatic adenopathy identified by US is occult clinically and by alternate imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, and PET/CT. In this chapter, recommendations will be discussed for US characterization of nonmetastatic and metastatic lymph nodes in the soft tissues of the neck. Clinical scenarios will include information on US characteristics that suggest early lymph node metastasis and indications for US-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of a lymph nodes of concern for metastasis. Advanced techniques for more difficult US-guided biopsy of cervical lymph nodes, the use of thyroglobulin evaluation of the aspirate from an US-guided FNA, and “don’t touch me” lesions will be presented.
Does HRD have a moral duty to respond to matters of social injustice

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to question whether or not social injustice should matter to human resource development (HRD). The goal is to invoke a sense of moral agency and responsiveness within the HRD community for having more candid and open conversations about social injustice and the lived experiences of marginalized individuals. In this article, a social justice paradigm will be suggested as a dedicated platform for studying social justice as a necessary outcome of social injustice. Organizational social justice will be introduced as a progressive workplace norm that envisions an equal balance of social justice outcomes for all members in organizations and places of work.
Aestivation in mammals and birds.

Aestivation, which in the context of this paper refers to avian and mammalian torpor in summer/at high ambient temperatures (T a), does not appear to differ functionally from other forms of torpor, and to a large extent reflects the higher body temperatures (T b) caused by high T a. However, from an ecological point of view, aestivation results in different challenges and requirements than does torpor use in winter, because heat can cause reduced food and water availability in many regions, but without the access to low T a for a substantial reduction of T b. Aestivation is used by a diversity of adult mammals and birds both in the field and laboratory, as well as by growing young to reduce thermoregulatory energy expenditure. Torpor occurs at high T a including the thermo-neutral zone and even under these conditions the reduction in energy expenditure and water requirements or water loss is substantial. Although data from the laboratory and, especially, from the field are limited, they show that torpor at high T a is an effective survival strategy and suggest that it is employed by many mammals and birds in a diversity of habitats.
Ketamine Differentially Attenuates Alcohol Intake in Male Versus Female Alcohol Preferring (P) Rats.

Background. Although various pharmacological tools in combating addiction to alcohol are available, their efficacy is limited. Hence, there is a critical need for development of more effective medications. Recent advances in the field have identified the glutamatergic system as a potential novel target for intervention in addictive behaviors. Purpose. Hence, we evaluated the effects of acute administration of low (subanesthetic) doses of ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, on alcohol intake and alcohol preference in both male and female rats. Study design. Adult alcohol preferring (P) rats were exposed to two-bottle choice (ethanol 10% and water) for at least three weeks following a nine-day training period and the effects of various doses of ketamine (5 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously, SC) on consumption of alcohol over various time periods during a 24 h interval were measured. Results. Our results indicate that ketamine treatment significantly reduced both alcohol intake and preference in a time- and dose-dependent manner in both sexes. Moreover, a differential sensitivity between the sexes was observed. Thus, although alcohol intake was higher in males, female rats responded much more strongly to the highest dose of ketamine than males in the initial time periods. Conclusion. It is concluded that glutamatergic receptor manipulations may be of therapeutic potential in addiction to alcohol and that different sexes may respond differentially to such treatments.
Longevity, Disease, and Autoimmune Reactions following Focal Cortical Injuries

The relationship between brain damage and the aging process is not well understood. On the one hand, it is clear that irradiation restricted to the brain can markedly shorten lifespan (Ordy et al., 1967; Samorajski et al., 1970; Rolsten et al., 1973). But, on the other hand, the brain changes resulting from irradiation procedures are widespread and shed little light upon the contributions of different brain areas to aging and age-related pathology. Moreover, while there have been a few studies comparing the effects of focal brain damage in sexually mature and very old animals (e.g., Stein and Firl, 1976), these experiments have essentially been concerned with cognitive, motivational, and emotional changes and not with factors such as morbidity and longevity.
A Unified Approach for Modeling Fading Channels Using Infinitely Divisible Distributions

This paper proposes to unify fading distributions by modeling the instantaneous SNR as an infinitely divisible random variable, which is a known class of random variables from the probability theory literature. A random variable is said to be infinitely divisible if it can be written as a sum of $n \geq 1$ independent and identically distributed random variables for each $n$ . The proposed unification subsumes several classes of multipath and shadowing fading distributions previously proposed in the wireless communication literature. We show that infinitely divisible random variables have many useful mathematical properties that are applied in the performance analysis of wireless systems. Specific applications include diversity analysis and partial ordering of fading distributions.
Electrical cable utilization for wave energy converters

This paper investigates the suitability of sizing the electrical export cable based on the rating of the contributing WECs within a farm. These investigations have produced a new methodology to evaluate the probabilities associated with peak power values on an annual basis. It has been shown that the peaks in pneumatic power production will follow an exponential probability function for a linear model. A methodology to combine all the individual probability functions into an annual view has been demonstrated on pneumatic power production by a Backward Bent Duct Buoy (BBDB). These investigations have also resulted in a highly simplified and perfunctory model of installed cable cost as a function of voltage and conductor cross-section. This work solidifies the need to determine electrical export cable rating based on expected energy delivery as opposed to device rating as small decreases in energy delivery can result in cost savings.
On Prime Ideals of the Ring of Differential Operators

As everybody knows,the fundamental facts about the theory of harmonic functions in the classical domain of several complex variables consist of the following.Let R be a classical domain,Γ its characteristic manifold,and △ the Laplace-Beltrami operator of R.If △f=0, f ∈ C ∞(R) is said to be harmonic.Suppose f stands for the harmonic function whose continuous boundary value is φ on Г.Then in R,f is given by the following Poisson integral (see Ref.3): $$f\left( Z \right)={{\int }_{r}}\left( Z,U \right)\varphi \left( U \right)\overset{\centerdot }{\mathop{U}}\,,\forall Z\in \Re .$$ (7.1)
A System-Level Approach to Improve HIV Screening in an Urban Pediatric Primary Care Setting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Less than 50% of youth living with HIV know their status. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommend universal HIV screening in adolescence. Pediatric primary care settings are still lacking in testing youth who are at risk for HIV. Our objective was to determine whether implementing rapid HIV screening improved HIV screening rates and result receipt in 13- to 25-year-old pediatric primary patients. METHODS: From March 2014 to June 2015, a 4-cycle plan-do-study-act quality improvement model was used. A total of 4433 patients aged 13 to 25 years were eligible for HIV screening on the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Logistic regression with random effects was used to estimate the odds of HIV screening and screening with a rapid test compared with each previous cycle. Statistical process control charts using standard interpretation rules assessed the effect of patients receiving rapid HIV screening. RESULTS: Baseline HIV screening rate was 29.6%; it increased to 82.7% in cycle 4. The odds of HIV screening increased 31% between cycle 1 and baseline (odds ratio 1.31 [95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.69]) to a 1272% increase between cycle 4 and baseline (odds ratio 12.72 [95% confidence interval: 10.45–15.48]), with most (90.4%) via rapid screening. Rapid screening yielded higher same-day result receipt . Five patients were identified with HIV and immediately linked to on-site care. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid HIV screening and system-level modifications significantly increased screening rates and result receipt, revealing this to be an effective method to deliver HIV services to youth.
Process Analysis of Double Circuit Transmission Line Trip-out on the Same Tower Due to Lightning

In recent years,several failures of double circuit transmission line on the same tower due to lightning were happened in Beijing power grid.Although it can be reclosed successful,the lightning strike caused a grave threat to the power grid security.The cause of the accident and the accident process were studied for the sake of further understanding of the impact of lightning on power grid.As an example,110 kV double circuit transmission line(Xilong-line) was analyzed.At first,the system topology was given.Through the analysis on relay protection actions and the fault recorder data,over voltage on the insulator strings was calculated.Based on the analysis and the calculation,accident cause and the process were presented respectively.Secondly,it comes to the conclusion that the lightning failure was caused by counterattack.The wave of the lightning over voltage would spread to the not grounded neutral point of the transformers,and make the neutral protective gap breakdown,then cause freewheeling with the frequency of 50 Hz.As results of the relay protection,the double circuit transmission line all tripped out.Finally,the causes of the accident were proposed that included terrain features,large corner towers,strong thunderstorm weather and poor grounded contact of the tower.
Getting off the (water) Bottle: Constraining or Embracing Individual Liberty in Pursuit of the Public Interest

The tension between individual freedom and the public interest has been at the center of environmental debates since Garrett Hardin’s article on the tragedy of the commons. Debates over bottled wat...
Radiation Therapy in the Definitive Management of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: The Johns Hopkins Experience.

Purpose The use of radiation therapy (RT) in consolidating oligometastatic prostate cancer (OPCa) is a rapidly evolving treatment paradigm. We review our institutional experience using metastasis-directed therapy in the definitive management of men with OPCa. Methods and Materials Patients with OPCa treated with definitive RT were included. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed to assess biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) and time to next intervention. Cumulative incidence functions were used to calculate rates of local failure. Toxicity was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4). Results This study analyzed 156 patients with OPCa and 354 metastatic lesions with median follow-up of 24.6 months. Of 150 patients with toxicity data, 53 (35%) experienced acute grade 1 toxicity, 8 (5%) had grade 2, and none had grade 3 toxicity. Only 13 patients (9%) had late toxicities. At 24 months, the cumulative incidence of local failure was 7.4%. Median bPFS for the entire cohort was 12.9 months and 52% at 1 year. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with prolonged bPFS were peri-RT androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), lower gross tumor volume, and hormone-sensitive (HS) OPCa. Median time to next intervention, including repeat RT, was 21.6 months. Median bPFS for men with HS prostate cancer was 17.2 months compared with 7.2 months in men with castrate-resistant OPCa (P Conclusions Metastasis-directed therapy can be effective across a wide range of OPCa subtypes, but with differential efficacy. Further study is warranted to investigate the use of RT across the wide range of patients with OPCa.
Coercion as a Pro Tanto Wrong: A Moderately Moralized Approach

I defend one way of solving the Impermissibility Problem—that is, the problem that on moralized approaches to coercion, coerciveness and permissibility are mutually exclusive. This brings up intuitive difficulties for cases such as taxation, which seem to be both coercive and permissible. I gloss three popular theories of coercion—the moralized baseline, nonmoralized baseline, and enforcement approaches—and conclude that only the nonmoralized baseline approach clearly solves the problem. However, Robert Nozick’s famous “slave case” raises another serious issue for the nonmoralized baseline approach. So, in order to solve both the slave case and the Impermissibility Problem, I draw on Grant Lamond’s discussion of the coerciveness of law to propose the pro tanto wrong approach. On this approach, coercion is not impermissible simpliciter, but requires some sort of special justification. The pro tanto wrong approach is moralized, but on it, moralization comes in coercion’s need for justification, not in whether it is, in fact, justified. Thus impermissibility is neither necessary nor sufficient for coerciveness, and the Impermissibility Problem is avoided. I conclude that solving the problem in this way is desirable because it preserves a core belief of liberalism: certain acts, including taxation, may be both coercive and permissible.
Transferability and scalability of sustainable urban water solutions–A case study from the Colorado River Basin

Abstract Conventional water management systems seem increasingly unable to resolve the challenges of over-allocation, climate change, and urban growth facing cities such as those in the Colorado River Basin. Transformational urban water solutions matching the scale and urgency of the challenges are needed. An experimental water-independent house in Tucson, Arizona demonstrates the feasibility of this solution in a limited setting. Through qualitative research with local stakeholders, we assessed the potential for this solution to be transferred to and scaled in Phoenix, Denver, and Las Vegas. Results show the potential is low for all three cities but for differing physical, cultural, financial, institutional, and other reasons, and that significant systemic effects could undermine the solution if implemented at scale. Yet, insights from our analysis allowed us to recommend various adaptations, most notably dropping full water independence. The adapted solution has significantly improved potential for Phoenix, including reduced systemic risk, somewhat improved for Denver, but still very low for Las Vegas. Overall, the research suggests direction for further experimentation. Apart from its practical relevance, this research also offers insights into the emerging field of solution transferability and scalability studies in sustainability science.
Understanding the response of aluminosilicate and aluminoborate glasses to sharp contact loading using molecular dynamics simulation

Experimental studies have shown that glass systems with high boron content exhibit superior crack resistance under sharp contact loading. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. In this context, we carried out classical molecular dynamics simulations on sodium aluminosilicate and sodium aluminoborate systems to investigate the effect of boron on the response of glass to nanoindentation. A rigid V-shaped indenter is used to indent the glass sample with a fixed loading rate, during which the indenter interacts with the glass via a repulsive force field. The indenter angle and tip radius are varied to study the effect of indenter sharpness, as what has been done in experiments. These simulated nanoindentation tests reveal how the stress/strain field and the glass structure evolve with deformation underneath the indenter. It was found that a large number of boron atoms in the plastic zone change from three- to fourfold coordination during the loading process, and most of them revert back to the threefold coordination state during the unloading process. Our study shows that this “reversible” boron coordination change plays a critical role in increasing the damage resistance of glass.
Sphingolipid Metabolism at the ER-Golgi Contact Zone and Its Impact on Membrane Trafficking:

Proteins and lipids represent the two major constituents of biological membranes. Different organelles have different lipid compositions, which may be crucial for the execution and control of vario...
Rationale for a Parsimonious Measure of Subjective Knee Function after ACL Reconstruction: A Rasch Analysis.

CONTEXT The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation is the most frequently used patient-reported measure of subjective knee function among individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Yet, limitations with traditional validation approaches leave it unclear whether the IKDC measures knee function as intended. Rasch analysis offers a robust validation approach, which may enhance clinical interpretation of the IKDC. OBJECTIVE 1) To assess the psychometric properties, 2) ability to classify health status, and 3) relationships between the IKDC and objective measures of strength and functional performance relative to a newly proposed reduced-item instrument. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Seventy-seven individuals with primary, unilateral ACLR (21.9±7.8 years, 6.2±1.0 months post-surgery), and seventy-six age-matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rasch analysis was used to assess the psychometric properties of the IKDC. Receiver-operator-characteristic curves and logistic regression were used to assess the accuracy of classifying ACLR versus control participants. Correlations (Pearson and Spearman) were used to assess relationships between subjective knee function, quadriceps torque, and single-limb hop performance. RESULTS Rasch analysis aided the development of a reduced 8-item instrument (IKDC-8), which yielded improved psychometric properties in misfit analysis, percent of variance accounted for by one dimension (IKDC-8=71.5%; IKDC=56.7%), and item reliability. The IKDC was an outstanding diagnostic tool and the IKDC-8 was excellent, correctly classifying 87.2% and 82.7% of cases, respectively. The Hanley-McNeil formula found that there was no significant difference in the areas under the respective ROC curves. Equivalent associations between subjective and objective knee function were observed regardless of instrument used. CONCLUSIONS We observed evidence of enhanced reliability and validity for a parsimonious measure of subjective knee function. The proposed instrument reduces the number of items, increases score interpretability as measuring a single construct, and improves the rating scale functioning, while not significantly diminishing its ability to classify ACLR versus control participants or changing existing relationships with objective measures of recovery. We suggest the IKDC-8 may enhance clinical use by reducing administration time, improving the interpretation of the subjective knee function score, and clarifying functional ability.
Surviving the Jim Crow South: “The Talk” as an African American Rhetorical Form

This article contends that “The Talk” about racism and police brutality that Black parents have with their children is an intergenerational rhetorical form that not only addresses the behaviors of ...
Rethinking the contact resistance bottleneck in organic and polymer thin-film transistors

In this presentation, we will describe our results with field-emission type source and drain contacts in which the metal electrodes are tapered to a sharp point or an array of sharp points. The enhanced electric field as a consequence of this geometry results in more facile injection of charges from the metal to the band states of the semiconductor. The on-resistance of short channel TFTs is lowered and the channel lengths of TFTs can be reduced below 100 nm without adversely affecting the shape of the current-voltage characteristics.
A Dexterous Robotic System for Autonomous Debridement of Osteolytic Bone Lesions in Confined Spaces: Human Cadaver Studies

This article presents a dexterous robotic system for autonomous debridement of osteolytic bone lesions in confined spaces. The proposed system is distinguished from the state-of-the-art orthopedics systems because it combines a rigid-link robot with a continuum manipulator (CM) that enhances reach in difficult-to-access spaces often encountered in surgery. The CM is equipped with flexible debriding instruments and fiber Bragg grating sensors. The surgeon plans on the patient’s preoperative computed tomography and the robotic system performs the task autonomously under the surgeon’s supervision. An optimization-based controller generates control commands on the fly to execute the task while satisfying physical and safety constraints. The system design and controller are discussed and extensive simulation, phantom and human cadaver experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance, workspace, and dexterity in confined spaces. Mean and standard deviation of target placement are 0.5 and 0.18 mm, and the robotic system covers 91% of the workspace behind an acetabular implant in treatment of hip osteolysis, compared to the 54% that is achieved by conventional rigid tools.
Coordinated resource allocation to plant growth–defense tradeoffs

Plant resource allocation patterns often reveal tradeoffs that favor growth (G) over defense (D), or vice versa. Ecologists most often explain G-D tradeoffs through principles of economic optimality, in which negative trait correlations are attributed to the reconciliation of fitness costs. Recently, researchers in molecular biology have developed 'big data' resources including multi-omic (e.g. transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic) studies that describe the cellular processes controlling gene expression in model species. In this synthesis, we bridge ecological theory with discoveries in multi-omics biology to better understand how selection has shaped the mechanisms of G-D tradeoffs. Multi-omic studies reveal strategically coordinated patterns in resource allocation that are enabled by phytohormone crosstalk and transcriptional signal cascades. Coordinated resource allocation justifies the framework of optimality theory, while providing mechanistic insight into the feedbacks and control hubs that calibrate G-D tradeoff commitments. We use the existing literature to describe the coordinated resource allocation hypothesis (CoRAH) that accounts for balanced cellular controls during the expression of G-D tradeoffs, while sustaining stored resource pools to buffer the impacts of future stresses. The integrative mechanisms of the CoRAH unify the supply- and demand-side perspectives of previous G-D tradeoff theories.
Constructing Race: The Science of Bodies and Cultures in American Anthropology

Constructing Race helps unravel the complicated and intertwined history of race and science in America. Tracy Teslow explores how physical anthropologists in the twentieth century struggled to understand the complexity of human physical and cultural variation, and how their theories were disseminated to the public through art, museum exhibitions, books, and pamphlets. In their attempts to explain the history and nature of human peoples, anthropologists persistently saw both race and culture as critical components. This is at odds with a broadly accepted account that suggests racial science was fully rejected by scientists and the public following World War II. This book offers a corrective, showing that both race and culture informed how anthropologists and the public understood human variation from 1900 through the decades following the war. The book offers new insights into the work of Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, and Ashley Montagu, as well as less well-known figures, including Harry Shapiro, Gene Weltfish, and Henry Field.
J 2 Invariant Relative Orbits for Spacecraft Formations

An analytic method is presented to establish J 2 invariant relative orbits. Working with mean orbit elements, the secular drift of the longitude of the ascending node and the sum of the argument of perigee and mean anomaly are set equal between two neighboring orbits. By having both orbits drift at equal angular rates on the average, they will not separate over time due to the J2 influence. Two first order conditions are established between the differences in momenta elements (semi-major axis, eccentricity and inclination angle) that guarantee that the drift rates of two neighboring orbits are equal on the average. Differences in the longitude of the ascending node, argument of perigee and initial mean anomaly can be set at will, as long as they are setup in mean element space. For near polar orbits, enforcing both momenta element constraints may result in impractically large relative orbits. It this case it is shown that dropping the equal ascending node rate requirement still avoids considerable relative orbit drift and provides substantial fuel savings.
Compilation of Phenomenological Optical-Model Parameters 1969-1972

Abstract Presented here is a compilation, with bibliography, of optical-model parameters determined by fitting elastic-scattering angular distributions for various incident particles including heavy ions. Only parameters published in the period 1969–1972 are included.
Elutriation and Coulter Counts of Tetrahymena pyriformis Grown in Peanut and Cottonseed Meal Media

Growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis W has been used to evaluate nutritional quality of peanut and cottonseed meals. An efficient elutriation method is described for separating cells of this organism from particulate matter left in the substrate (enriched with basal medium) after 4 days of incubation. After elutriation the cells can be counted with a Coulter counter by using calibration procedures which are presented. Elutriation and Coulter counting provide a rapid and efficient method of measuring the growth response of T. pyriformis W. Utility of the method is demonstrated by agreement between Coulter counts and visual counts of the cells and by demonstration of a linear response of cell numbers to substrate nitrogen.
Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations

The chemical reactions responsible for stratospheric ozone depletion are extremely sensitive to temperature1. Greenhouse gases warm the Earth's surface but cool the stratosphere radiatively2,3,4,5 and therefore affect ozone depletion. Here we investigate the interplay between projected future emissions of greenhouse gases and levels of ozone-depleting halogen species using a global climate model that incorporates simplified ozone-depletion chemistry. Temperature and wind changes induced by the increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations alter planetary-wave propagation in our model, reducing the frequency of sudden stratospheric warmings in the Northern Hemisphere4. This results in a more stable Arctic polar vortex, with significantly colder temperatures in the lower stratosphere and concomitantly increased ozone depletion. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases might therefore be at least partly responsible for the very large Arctic ozone losses observed in recent winters6,7,8,9. Arctic losses reach a maximum in the decade 2010 to 2019 in our model, roughly a decade after the maximum in stratospheric chlorine abundance. The mean losses are about the same as those over the Antarctic during the early 1990s, with geographically localized losses of up to two-thirds of the Arctic ozone column in the worst years. The severity and the duration of the Antarctic ozone hole are also predicted to increase because of greenhouse-gas-induced stratospheric cooling over the coming decades.
Bioavailability of D-amino acids and DL-hydroxy-methionine.

Publisher Summary The tissues of animals do not normally contain D-amino acids, and before an animal can utilize an ingested D-amino acid, it must convert the amino acid in the L form. This conversion, known as inversion, consists of two steps: (1) oxidative deamination of the α-keto analog; and (2) transamination of an amino group from glutamate. Amino acids differ greatly in the extent to which they can be inverted by animals and consequently, in the degree to which the D forms are bioavailable. Some amino acids are readily inverted and may be completely bioavailable, whereas others do not undergo inversion and therefore cannot be utilized by animals. In general, with the exception of tryptophan, avian species invert D-amino acids more efficiently than mammalian species do. Bioavailabilities of amino acid isomers and analogs include arginine, cystine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. Most research on 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid, often referred to as methionine hydroxy analog (OH-M), has involved poultry, for which this methionine analog is an important commercial product. It is sold as either free OH‑M, a liquid, or OH‑M (Ca), a solid consisting of 2 mol of OH‑M bound to calcium by the two carboxyl carbons. Considerable controversy has surrounded the biological availability of DL‑OH‑M relative to DL-methionine. Recent research by Chung and Baker has indicated that young pigs utilize DL‑OH‑M with the same free molar efficiency as L-methionine.
Azaserine carcinogenesis: Organ susceptibility change in rats fed a diet devoid of choline

In rats, azaserine is primarily a pancreatic carcinogen and only induces hepatomas with a very low incidence. We have investigated the effects of feeding a choline-devoid (CD) diet upon the carcinogenicity of azaserine. Groups of male Wistar rats were fed a CD or a choline-supplemented (CS) diet. Azaserine (30 mg/kg in 2 ml of saline) was injected IP twice a week for the first 4 weeks, and once a week thereafter, for a total of 14 injections. Control groups were fed the CD or CS diet and were injected similarly with saline. Four to seven animals from each group were killed, 1, 4 and 6 months after the first azaserine injection, and the liver and pancreas were examined histologically. None of the control animals fed the CD or CS diet and given saline injections developed tumors of the liver or pancreas. No hepatomas were observed in 12 rats fed the CS diet and treated with azaserine. On the other hand, 3 of 5 and 5 of 7 rats killed after 4 and 6 months, respectively, of treatment with azaserine and the CD diet showed multiple hepatomas. Rats treated with azaserine developed multiple atypical acinar cell nodules (AACN) of the pancreas after 4 months irrespective of whether choline was present or absent in the diet. However, the number of AACN in rats fed the CD diet was significantly smaller than in rats fed the CS diet. It is concluded that a diet devoid of choline changes the organ susceptibility to the carcinogenic action of azaserine, enhancing hepatocarcinogenesis and reducing the action of the carcinogen on the pancreas.
Taken Out of Context

A 25-year-old woman with a history of depression, mitral-valve prolapse, and migraine headaches presented to a hospital emergency department with a 3-day history of subjective fever, diffuse arthralgia, and a severe generalized headache that was not characteristic of her previous migraines.
The Palliative Care Advanced Practice Nurse

The emerging role of the advanced practice nurse (APN) as a palliative care provider is gaining increased recognition in the United States. The APN's ability to perform comprehensive physical evaluations, order and interpret diagnostics, and prescribe appropriate medications while receiving reimbursement allow this provider to become a valuable and important discipline in the patient's plan of care. APNs consistently demonstrate an ongoing commitment to the care of the frail, poor, culturally diverse, nursing home, and rural populations—areas in which palliative care is often unavailable. This paper provides an overview of the APN's role and the ability to integrate palliative interventions into traditional health care settings. It highlights reimbursement issues and describes a case example to demonstrate how the APN can provide continuity, coordination, and reimbursement of services for the patient living with and dying from advanced illness.
Intermediate filaments: detection of lectin-like activity in purified alcoholic hyaline.

Abstract Alcoholic hyaline, an intracellular, filamentous (10 nm) aggregate isolated from human alcoholic livers, bound the glycoprotein enzyme, horseradish peroxidase, in a specific and reproducible manner. Using a solid-phase assay system consisting of adsorbed alcoholic hyaline, we have shown that this binding is thermolabile, relatively insensitive to both pH extremes and high ionic strength, and highly sensitive to the presence of neutral and amino sugars. The results suggest that the binding of horseradish peroxidase is not a passive adsorption but rather an “active” phenomenon involving carbohydrate groups on the enzyme. The presence of an intracellular, filament-associated lectin is strongly indicated.
Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency mediates distinct cellular and biochemical phenotypes in brain and retinal dopaminergic and glia cells elicited by the Parkinsonian neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

Many components and pathways transducing multifaceted and deleterious effects of stress stimuli remain ill-defined. The Ran-binding protein 2 (RanBP2) interactome modulates the expression of a range of clinical and cell-context-dependent manifestations upon a variety of stressors. We examined the role of Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency on cellular and metabolic manifestations linked to tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH+) dopaminergic neurons and glial cells of the brain and retina upon acute challenge to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a parkinsonian neurotoxin, which models facets of Parkinson disease. MPTP led to stronger akinetic parkinsonism and slower recovery in Ranbp2+/− than wild-type mice without viability changes of brain TH+-neurons of either genotype, with the exception of transient nuclear atypia via changes in chromatin condensation of Ranbp2+/− TH+-neurons. Conversely, the number of wild-type retinal TH+-amacrine neurons compared to Ranbp2+/− underwent milder declines without apoptosis followed by stronger recoveries without neurogenesis. These phenotypes were accompanied by a stronger rise of EdU+-proliferative cells and non-proliferative gliosis of GFAP+-Muller cells in wild-type than Ranbp2+/− that outlasted the MPTP-insult. Finally, MPTP-treated wild-type and Ranbp2+/− mice present distinct metabolic footprints in the brain or selective regions thereof, such as striatum, that are supportive of RanBP2-mediated regulation of interdependent metabolic pathways of lysine, cholesterol, free-fatty acids, or their β-oxidation. These studies demonstrate contrasting gene-environment phenodeviances and roles of Ranbp2 between dopaminergic and glial cells of the brain and retina upon oxidative stress-elicited signaling and factors triggering a continuum of metabolic and cellular manifestations and proxies linked to oxidative stress, and chorioretinal and neurological disorders such as Parkinson. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1071-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
¿LA TEORÍA ZAPATISTA: UNA HUELLA EN LA SELVA O UN CAMINO EN LA RESISTENCIA ANTI-NEOLIBERAL?

Las estrategias teoricas del movimiento zapatista de Chiapas expresan simultaneamente la auto inscripcion del zapatismo en el pensamiento occidental y su notoria conceptualizacion no occidental en terminos de liberacion y critica (epistemologica) estructural. Esta investigacion examina como el rol de la experiencia comunitaria en la teoria y praxis zapatista le permite al zapatismo sobrepasar el "pluralismo" y el relativismo posmoderno de la actual era de capitalismo global y establecer un paradigma para la lucha anticapitalista y anti-neoliberal a traves del mundo.
Sales channel integration after mergers and acquisitions: A methodological approach for avoiding common pitfalls

Abstract This article addresses the integration of sales channels after mergers and acquisitions (MA in particular, the sales management and customer choice frameworks provide the most insight into channel partners' post-integration performance. The results support the premise that channel integration can be improved by accounting for factors unique to the M&A context and using an approach that triangulates multiple perspectives.
Effect of pressure on track registration in CR-39 plastic

Abstract CR-39 plastic track detectors were exposed to 1.3 GeV u 56Fe at various pressures (0.0, 0.4, 1.0 atm of air) and temperatures (− 100 to + 20°C). The response of CR-39 was found to depend upon pressure as well as temperature.
Comparison between preferred and energetically optimal transition speeds in adolescents.

The primary focus of this investigation was to determine whether differences exist between the preferred transition speed (PTS) and the energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS) in a group of adolescents. Ten 11-, ten 13-, and ten 15-year-olds completed four testing sessions. Following 30 min of accommodation to treadmill walking and running (session 1), the PTS between walking and running was identified in session 2. In session 3, subjects walked on a level treadmill at 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, and 110% of respective PTS, while in session 4, children ran on a level treadmill at 90%, 100%, 110%, 120%, and 130% of respective PTS. During the last 2 min of each 5-min walking and running bout, expired gas samples were collected in a meteorological balloon and analyzed to calculate $$ \dot V{\rm O}_{\rm 2} $$ and the EOTS between walking and running. Data analyses revealed that mean EOTS was significantly higher than mean PTS within each age group. Furthermore, when subjects changed gaits, the aerobic demand needed to run at the PTS was not lower than the $$ \dot V{\rm O}_{\rm 2} $$ measured while walking at the PTS. A moderately strong positive coefficient (r=0.71) between leg length and PTS was also observed. Taken together, these data suggest factors other than $$ \dot V{\rm O}_{\rm 2} $$ govern the walk–run transition in adolescent boys and girls.
Toxicity and distribution of Aroclor ® 1254 in the pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum

The polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor® 1254 was released in an accidental leakage of heat-exchange fluid from an industrial plant, into the Escambia River, near Pensacola, Florida, USA. This material was carried downstream, and is now found in the fauna of Escambia Bay and its contiguous waters, prime nursery areas for fishes and invertebrates such as penaeid shrimp. The significance of pollution by this chemical was assessed by establishing toxicity levels, determining routes of entry, and investigating its movement and distribution in various tissues of shrimp under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Aroclor 1254 added to the water was toxic to the juvenile pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum at a concentration of 1.0 part per billion within 15 days, but was less
The Return of the Dissociated: Discussion

Psychoanalysis and politics intersect variously. Some psychoanalytic writings have critiqued society, whereas others have applied socially critical insights about class and race to illuminate transference—countertransference enactments and other clinical matters. The hegemonic politics of psychoanalysis, less intentional but equally influential, define maturity and mental health by idealizing of some psychological and behavioral traits and some clinical stances (especially authoritarianism), and by demonizing of certain categories of persons (notably nonheterosexuals and people of color), certain types of practice (e.g., social work), and certain sorts of ideas (e.g., that clinical and theoretical practices are political practices, too). One way to redress these problems is to reclaim the marginal—homosexuality and queerness, affect's presence in politics, and the political in the psychical (in which instance, the concept of multiple self-states may be useful). Any such effort requires recognizing and art...
Pituitary-adrenal influences on passive avoidance in two inbred strains of mice

Abstract Male A/Jax mice learn a passive avoidance significantly faster than male DBA/2 mice. A/Jax mice also show a significantly greater increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations after the passive avoidance task than DBA/2 animals. When both groups are pretreated with dexamethasone, DBA/2 passive-avoidance behavior is unaffected. However, dexamethasonetreated A/Jax mice are retarded in the acquisition of the avoidance response and become equivalent to DBA/2 mice. The results are interpreted to indicate that adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) has an influence on the acquisition of an avoidance response.
Vibrational Spectroscopy and Dynamics of the Hydrazoic and Isothiocyanic Acids in Water and Methanol

Small anions in polar solvents are benchmark systems for fast vibrational energy relaxation (VER) due to the Coulombic effects that promote solute-solvent interactions. In order to investigate the effects of solute charge and solvent isotope effects on vibrational spectra and dynamics, infrared pump-probe studies have been used to determine VER (T(1)) times for the pseudohalide acids, XNCS and XN(3) (X = H, D), in protic solvents, H(2)O, D(2)O, CH(3)OH, and CD(3)OD. These results are compared with the well-studied azide and thiocyanate anions. Solvent isotope effects of the vibrational frequency shifts of azide and for VER rates of both azide and thiocyanate are similar to those for the hydro- and deutero-protonated species in water. VER times are longer for HN(3)/H(2)O, HN(3)/CH(3)OH, and DN(3)/CD(3)OD (T(1) = 2.3, 5.6, and 3.7 ps, respectively) than for the corresponding anions in solution (0.8, 3.0, and 2.1 ps), which is consistent with the idea that ions relax more quickly than neutrals. But the times measured for DN(3)/D(2)O, HNCS/H(2)O, and DNCS/D(2)O (T(1) = 1.2, 1.5, and 4.4 ps, respectively) are shorter than for the corresponding ions (2.3, 2.7, and 22.0 ps). Fast VER for DN(3) in D(2)O is attributed to strong coupling to nearby solvent bands and/or to Fermi resonances that promote intramolecular vibrational relaxation. For the HNCS and DNCS, the faster rates can be understood by recognizing that the charge displacements are similar to those for the anion.
Biomechanics of liquid–epithelium interactions in pulmonary airways

The delicate structure of the lung epithelium makes it susceptible to surface tension induced injury. For example, the cyclic reopening of collapsed and/or fluid-filled airways during the ventilation of injured lungs generates hydrodynamic forces that further damage the epithelium and exacerbate lung injury. The interactions responsible for epithelial injury during airway reopening are fundamentally multiscale, since air-liquid interfacial dynamics affect global lung mechanics, while surface tension forces operate at the molecular and cellular scales. This article will review the current state-of-knowledge regarding the effect of surface tension forces on (a) the mechanics of airway reopening and (b) epithelial cell injury. Due to the complex nature of the liquid-epithelium system, a combination of computational and experimental techniques are being used to elucidate the mechanisms of surface-tension induced lung injury. Continued research is leading to an integrated understanding of the biomechanical and biological interactions responsible for cellular injury during airway reopening. This information may lead to novel therapies that minimize ventilation induced lung injury.