cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of a stepwise opioid-sparing analgesic protocol on in-hospital oxycodone use and discharge prescription after cesarean delivery.

Introduction Opioid exposure during hospitalization for cesarean delivery increases the risk of new persistent opioid use. We studied the effectiveness of stepwise multimodal opioid-sparing analgesia in reducing oxycodone use during cesarean delivery hospitalization and prescriptions at discharge. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic health records of consecutive cesarean delivery cases in four academic hospitals in a large metropolitan area, before and after implementation of a stepwise multimodal opioid-sparing analgesic computerized order set coupled with provider education. The primary outcome was the proportion of women not using any oxycodone during in-hospital stay (‘non-oxycodone user’). In-hospital secondary outcomes were: (1) total in-hospital oxycodone dose among users, and (2) time to first oxycodone pill. Discharge secondary outcomes were: (1) proportion of oxycodone-free discharge prescription, and (2) number of oxycodone pills prescribed. Results The intervention was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of non-oxycodone users from 15% to 32% (17% difference; 95% CI 10 to 25), a decrease in total in-hospital oxycodone dose among users, and no change in the time to first oxycodone dose. The adjusted OR for being a non-oxycodone user associated with the intervention was 2.67 (95% CI 2.12 to 3.50). With the intervention, the proportion of oxycodone-free discharge prescription increased from 4.4% to 8.5% (4.1% difference; 95% CI 2.5 to 5.6) and the number of prescribed oxycodone pills decreased from 30 to 18 (−12 pills difference; 95% CI −11 to −13). Conclusions Multimodal stepwise analgesia after cesarean delivery increases the proportion of oxycodone-free women during in-hospital stay and at discharge.
COULOMB DRAG IN DOUBLE QUANTUM WELLS WITH A PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC FIELD

Momentum transfer due to electron–electron interaction (Coulomb drag) between two quantum wells, separated by a distance d, in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field, is studied at low temperatures. We find besides the well known Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, which also appear in the drag effect, the momentum transfer is markedly enhanced by the magnetic field.
Perturbation theory for propagating magnetic droplet solitons

Droplet solitons are strongly nonlinear, inherently dynamic structures in the magnetization of ferromagnets, balancing dispersion (exchange energy) with focusing nonlinearity (strong perpendicular anisotropy). Large droplet solitons have the approximate form of a circular domain wall sustained by precession and, in contrast to single magnetic vortices, are predicted to propagate in an extended, homogeneous magnetic medium. In this work, multiscale perturbation theory is used to develop an analytical framework for investigating the impact of additional physical effects on the behaviour of a propagating droplet. After first developing soliton perturbation theory in the general context of Hamiltonian systems, a number of physical phenomena of current interest are investigated. These include droplet–droplet and droplet–boundary interactions, spatial magnetic field inhomogeneities, spin transfer torque induced forcing in a nanocontact device and damping. Their combined effects demonstrate the fundamental mechanisms for a previously observed droplet drift instability and under what conditions a slowly propagating droplet can be supported by the nanocontact, important considerations for applications. This framework emphasizes the particle-like dynamics of the droplet, providing analytically tractable and practical predictions for modern experimental configurations.
Advanced ACTPol TES Device Parameters and Noise Performance in Fielded Arrays

The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) features arrays of aluminum manganese transition-edge sensors (TESes) optimized for ground-based observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Array testing shows highly responsive detectors with anticipated in-band noise performance under optical loading. We report on TES parameters measured with impedance data taken on a subset of TESes. We then compare modeled noise spectral densities to measurements. We find excess noise at frequencies around 100 Hz, nearly outside of the signal band of CMB measurements. In addition, we describe full-array noise measurements in the laboratory and in the field for two new AdvACT mid-frequency arrays, sensitive at bands centered on 90 and 150 GHz, and data for the high-frequency array (150/230 GHz) as deployed.
The Early Statistical Years: 1947–1967. A Conversation with Howard Raiffa

Howard Raiffa earned his bachelor’s degree in mathematics, his master’s degree in statistics and his Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of Michigan. Since 1957, Raiffa has been a member of the faculty at Harvard University, where he is now the Frank P. Ramsey Chair in Managerial Economics (Emeritus) in the Graduate School of Business Administration and the Kennedy School of Government. A pioneer in the creation of the field known as decision analysis, his research interests span statistical decision theory, game theory, behavioral decision theory, risk analysis and negotiation analysis. Raiffa has supervised more than 90 doctoral dissertations and written 11 books. His new book is Negotiation Analysis: The Science and Art of Collaborative Decision Making. Another book, Smart Choices, co-authored with his former doctoral students John Hammond and Ralph Keeney, was the CPR (formerly known as the Center for Public Resources) Institute for Dispute Resolution Book of the Year in 1998. Raiffa helped to create the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and he later became its first Director, serving in that capacity from 1972 to 1975. His many honors and awards include the Distinguished Contribution Award from the Society of Risk Analysis; the Frank P. Ramsey Medal for outstanding contributions to the field of decision analysis from the Operations Research Society of America; and the Melamed Prize from the University of Chicago Business School for The Art and Science of Negotiation. He earned a Gold Medal from the International Association for Conflict Management and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution. He holds honorary doctor’s degrees from Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, Ben Gurion University of the Negev and Harvard University. The latter was awarded in 2002.
Inertial Waves in Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclones

AbstractThe heat engine model of tropical cyclones describes a thermally direct overturning circulation. Outflowing air slowly subsides as radiative cooling to space balances adiabatic warming, a p...
Stochastic Dynamical Modeling of Turbulent Flows

Advanced measurement techniques and high-performance computing have made large data sets available for a range of turbulent flows in engineering applications. Drawing on this abundance of data, dyn...
Hydrogen electron capture in accreting neutron stars and the resulting g-mode oscillation spectrum

We investigate hydrogen electron capture in the ocean of neutron stars accreting at rates 10-10 M☉ yr−110−8 M☉ yr-1. These stars burn the accreted hydrogen and helium unstably in their upper atmospheres (ρ 106 g cm-3) and accumulate material that sometimes contains small amounts of hydrogen (mass fractions are typically Xr < 0.1) mixed in with the heavier iron-group ashes. The subsequent evolution of this matter is determined by compression toward higher densities until electron capture on the hydrogen occurs. We construct steady state models of the electron captures and the subsequent neutron captures onto the heavy nuclei. The density discontinuity from these captures gives rise to a new g-mode (much like a surface wave), which has an l = 1 frequency of ≈ 35 Hz (Xr/0.1)1/2 on a slowly rotating (fs 30 Hz) star. We also discuss, for the first time, a new set of nonradial g-modes unique to these high-accretion rate neutron stars. These modes are "trapped" in the finite thickness layer where the electron captures occur and are in the 1-10 Hz range for a few radial nodes on a slowly rotating star. Though the majority of the mode energy resides in the electron capture transition layer, the eigenmode propagates to higher altitudes above the layer and can thus be potentially observable. We also show that the density jump splits the ocean's thermal modes into two distinct sets, which have most of their energy either above or below the discontinuity. We conclude by discussing the dispersion relations for these modes on a rapidly rotating (fs 30 Hz) neutron star. Whether any of these modes are observable depends on the damping mechanism and the star's ability to excite them.
Electronic Structure of Multilayer Graphene

We study the electronic structure of multilayer graphene using a -orbital continuum model with nearest-neighbor intralayer and interlayer tunneling. Using degenerate state perturbation theory, we show that the low-energy electronic structure of arbitrarily stacked graphene multilayers consists of chiral pseudospin doublets with a conserved chirality sum.
A Model of Metallicity Evolution in the Early Universe

We apply the phenomenological model used to explain the abundances of Fe and r-process elements in very metal-poor stars in the Galaxy to [Fe/H] of damped Lyα systems. It is assumed that the first stars that formed after the big bang were very massive and that they promptly enriched the interstellar medium to [Fe/H] ~ -3, at which metallicity the formation of normal stars took over. Subsequent Fe enrichment was provided by Type II supernovae. The range of [Fe/H] at a given redshift z for damped Lyα systems is explained by the time t* after the big bang at which normal star formation started in an individual protogalactic system. The average t* is ≈80% the age of the universe for damped Lyα systems at z ≈ 1.5-4.5, indicating a long delay between the big bang and the turn-on of protogalaxies. It is inferred that a substantial fraction of the total baryonic matter may not have been aggregated into protogalaxies with normal star formation events until a late time corresponding to z ~ 1.5. The data near z = 2.2 indicate that the rate of turn-on of protogalaxies was initially very low and that it slowly reached a maximum at ~3 Gyr after the big bang. This rate of turn-on of galaxies may be important in understanding the rate of formation of quasars.
Exploring the abelian 4D, \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 vector-tensor supermultiplet and its off-shell central charge structure

An abelian 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 vector supermultiplet allows for a duality transformation to be applied to one of its spin-0 states. The resulting theory can be described as an abelian 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 vector-tensor supermultiplet. It is seen to decompose into a direct sum of an off-shell 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 vector supermultiplet and an off-shell 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 tensor supermultiplet. The commutator algebra of the other two supersymmetries are still found to be on-shell. However, the central charge structure in the resulting 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 vector-tensor supermultiplet is considerably simpler that that of the parent abelian 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 vector supermultiplet. This appears to be due to the replacement of the usual SO(4) symmetry associated with the abelian 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 vector supermultiplet being replaced by a GL(2, $$ \mathbb{R} $$ )⊗GL(2, $$ \mathbb{R} $$ ) symmetry in the 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 vector-tensor supermultiplet. The Mathematica code detailing the calculations is available open-source at the HEPTHools Data Repository on GitHub.
Efficient Multiphoton Sampling of Molecular Vibronic Spectra on a Superconducting Bosonic Processor

A quantum simulator uses microwave photons to tackle a useful chemistry problem---determining the vibronic spectra of molecules.
THE X-RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF M37 AND THE EVOLUTION OF CORONAL ACTIVITY IN LOW-MASS STARS

We use a 440.5 ks Chandra observation of the $\approx$500-Myr-old open cluster M37 to derive the X-ray luminosity functions of its $\leq1.2$ $M_{\odot}$ stars. Combining detections of 162 M37 members with upper limits for 160 non-detections, we find that its G, K, and M stars have a similar median (0.5$-$7 keV) X-ray luminosity L$_X =10^{29.0}$ erg/s, whereas the L$_X$-to-bolometric-luminosity ratio (L$_X$/L$_{bol}$) indicates that M stars are more active than G and K stars by $\approx$1 order of magnitude at 500 Myr. To characterize the evolution of magnetic activity in low-mass stars over their first $\approx$600 Myr, we consolidate X-ray and optical data from the literature for stars in six other open clusters: from youngest to oldest, the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), NGC 2547, NGC 2516, the Pleiades, NGC 6475, and the Hyades. For these, we homogenize the conversion of instrumental count rates to L$_X$ by applying the same one-temperature emission model as for M37, and obtain masses using the same empirical mass-absolute magnitude relation (except for the ONC). We find that for G and K stars X-ray activity decreases $\approx$2 orders of magnitude over their first 600 Myr, and for M stars, $\approx$1.5. The decay rate of the median L$_X$ follows the relation L$_X \propto~t^b$, where $b=-0.61\pm0.12$ for G, $-0.82\pm0.16$ for K, and $-0.40\pm0.17$ for M stars. In L$_X$/L$_{bol}$ space, the slopes are $-0.68\pm0.12$, $-0.81\pm0.19$, and $-0.61\pm0.12$, respectively. These results suggest that for low-mass stars the age-activity relation steepens after $\approx$625 Myr, consistent with the faster decay in activity observed in solar analogs at $t>1$ Gyr.
Remarks on the Einstein-Euler-Entropy system

We prove short-time existence for the Einstein–Euler-Entropy system for non-isentropic fluids with data in uniformly local Sobolev spaces. The cases of compact as well as non-compact Cauchy surfaces are covered. The method employed uses a Lagrangian description of the fluid flow which is based on techniques developed by Friedrich, hence providing a completely different proof of earlier results of Choquet-Bruhat and Lichnerowicz. This new proof is specially suited for applications to self-gravitating fluid bodies. Along the way, we review some basic definitions and ideas, giving thus a relatively self-contained exposition that also serves as an introduction to many aspects of the problem.
Annotation and Classification of Sentence-level Revision Improvement

Studies of writing revisions rarely focus on revision quality. To address this issue, we introduce a corpus of between-draft revisions of student argumentative essays, annotated as to whether each revision improves essay quality. We demonstrate a potential usage of our annotations by developing a machine learning model to predict revision improvement. With the goal of expanding training data, we also extract revisions from a dataset edited by expert proofreaders. Our results indicate that blending expert and non-expert revisions increases model performance, with expert data particularly important for predicting low-quality revisions.
Open/closed duality for FZZT branes in c = 1

We describe how the matrix integral of Imbimbo and Mukhi arises from a limit of the FZZT partition function in the double-scaled c = 1 matrix model. We show a similar result for 0A and comment on subtleties in 0B.
Warped Hybrid Inflation

We construct a model of hybrid inflation within a controlled five-dimensional effective field theory framework. The inflaton and waterfall fields are realized as naturally light moduli of the 5D compactification. At the quantum level, waterfall loops must be cut off at a scale considerably lower than the inflaton field transit in order to preserve slow-roll dynamics without fine-tuning. We accomplish this by a significant warping, or redshift, between the extra-dimensional regions in which the inflaton and waterfall fields are localized. The mechanisms we employ have been separately realized in string theory, which suggests that a string UV completion of our model is possible. We study a part of the parameter space in which the cosmology takes a standard form, but we point out that it is also possible for some regions of space to end inflation by quantum tunneling. Such regions may provide new cosmological signals, which we will study in future work.
Consistent evolution with different time slicings in quantum gravity

Rovelli's `quantum mechanics without time' motivates an intrinsically time-slicing-independent picture of reduced phase space quantum gravity, which may be described as `quantization after evolution'. Sufficient criteria for carrying out quantization after evolution are developed in terms of a general concept of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. If these criteria are satisfied then it is possible to have consistent unitary evolution of operators, with respect to an infinite-parameter family of time slicings (and probably all time slicings), with the correct classical limit. The criteria are particularly amenable to study in (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity, where the reduced phase space is finite dimensional.
Hybrid Bayesian Eigenobjects: Combining Linear Subspace and Deep Network Methods for 3D Robot Vision

We introduce Hybrid Bayesian Eigenobjects (HBEOs), a novel representation for 3D objects designed to allow a robot to jointly estimate the pose, class, and full 3D geometry of a novel object observed from a single viewpoint in a single practical framework. By combining both linear subspace methods and deep convolutional prediction, HBEOs efficiently learn nonlinear object representations without directly regressing into high-dimensional space. HBEOs also remove the onerous and generally impractical necessity of input data voxelization prior to inference. We experimentally evaluate the suitability of HBEOs to the challenging task of joint pose, class, and shape inference on novel objects and show that, compared to preceding work, HBEOs offer dramatically improved performance in all three tasks along with several orders of magnitude faster runtime performance.
The Impact of Enhanced Halo Resolution on the Simulated Circumgalactic Medium

Traditional cosmological hydrodynamics simulations fail to spatially resolve the circumgalactic medium (CGM), the reservoir of tenuous gas surrounding a galaxy and extending to its virial radius. We introduce the technique of Enhanced Halo Resolution (EHR), enabling more realistic physical modeling of the simulated CGM by consistently forcing gas refinement to smaller scales throughout the virial halo of a simulated galaxy. We investigate the effects of EHR in the tempest simulations, a suite of enzo-based cosmological zoom simulations following the evolution of an L* galaxy, resolving spatial scales of 500 comoving pc out to 100 comoving kpc in galactocentric radius. Among its many effects, EHR (1) changes the thermal balance of the CGM, increasing its cool gas content and decreasing its warm/hot gas content; (2) preserves cool gas structures for longer periods; and (3) enables these cool clouds to exist at progressively smaller size scales. Observationally, this results in a boost in "low ions" like H i and a drop in "high ions" like O vi throughout the CGM. These effects of EHR do not converge in the tempest simulations, but extrapolating these trends suggests that the CGM is actually a mist consisting of ubiquitous, small, long-lived, cool clouds suspended in a medium at the halo virial temperature. We find that EHR produces the above effects by (1) better sampling the distribution of CGM phases, enabling runaway cooling in the dense, cool tail of the phase distribution; and (2) preventing cool gas clouds from artificially mixing with the ambient hot halo and evaporating.
Direct ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy of betelgeuse

Direct images of Betelgeuse were obtained over a span of 4 years with the Faint Object Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. These images reveal the extended ultraviolet continuum emission (~2 times the optical diameter), the varying overall ultraviolet flux levels and a pattern of bright surface continuum features that change in position and appearance over several months or less. Concurrent photometry and radial velocity measures support the model of a pulsating star, first discovered in the ultraviolet from IUE . Spatially resolved HST spectroscopy reveals a larger extention in chromospheric emissions of Mg II as well as the rotation of the supergiant. Changing localized subsonic flows occur in the low chromosphere that can cover a substantial fraction of the stellar disk and may initiate the mass outflow.
Einstein metrics, complex surfaces, and symplectic 4-manifolds

Which smooth compact 4-manifolds admit an Einstein metric with non-negative Einstein constant? A complete answer is provided in the special case of 4-manifolds that also happen to admit either a complex structure or a symplectic structure.
Solving Support Vector Machines in Reproducing Kernel Banach Spaces with Positive Definite Functions

Abstract In this paper we solve support vector machines in reproducing kernel Banach spaces (RKBSs) instead of the traditional methods in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs). Using the orthogonality of semi-inner-products of RKBSs, we can obtain the finite-dimensional representations of the dual (normalized-duality-mapping) elements of support vector machine solutions. In addition, we can use Fourier transform techniques to introduce the concept of reproduction in a generalized native space such that it becomes a reproducing kernel Banach space, which can even be embedded into Sobolev spaces. Moreover, its reproducing kernel is associated with a positive definite function. The representations of the optimal solutions of support vector machines (regularized empirical risks) in these reproducing kernel Banach spaces are formulated explicitly and finite-dimensionally in terms of the positive definite functions, and their finite numbers of suitable parameters can be computed by the fixed point iteration. We also give some typical examples of reproducing kernel Banach spaces induced by Matern functions (Sobolev splines) such that their support vector machine solutions even are computable efficiently. Moreover, each of their reproducing bases includes information from multiple training data points. These kernel-based algorithms give a fresh numerical tool for support vector classifiers.
CONFIRMATION OF ENHANCED DWARF-SENSITIVE ABSORPTION FEATURES IN THE SPECTRA OF MASSIVE ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES: FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A NON-UNIVERSAL INITIAL MASS FUNCTION

We recently found that massive cluster elliptical galaxies have strong Na I {lambda}8183, 8195 and FeH {lambda}9916 Wing-Ford band absorption, indicating the presence of a very large population of stars with masses {approx}< 0.3 M{sub sun}. Here we test this result by comparing the elliptical galaxy spectra to those of luminous globular clusters associated with M31. These globular clusters have similar metallicities, abundance ratios, and ages as massive elliptical galaxies but their low dynamical mass-to-light ratios rule out steep stellar initial mass functions (IMFs). From high-quality Keck spectra we find that the dwarf-sensitive absorption lines in globular clusters are significantly weaker than in elliptical galaxies and consistent with normal IMFs. The differences in the Na I and Wing-Ford indices are 0.027 {+-} 0.007 mag and 0.017 {+-} 0.006 mag, respectively. We directly compare the two classes of objects by subtracting the averaged globular cluster spectrum from the averaged elliptical galaxy spectrum. The difference spectrum is well fit by the difference between a stellar population synthesis model with a bottom-heavy IMF and one with a bottom-light IMF. We speculate that the slope of the IMF may vary with velocity dispersion, although it is not yet clear what physical mechanism would bemore » responsible for such a relation.« less
Exact triangles for SO(3) instanton homology of webs

The SO(3) instanton homology recently introduced by the authors associates a finite-dimensional vector space over the field of two elements to every embedded trivalent graph (or “web”). The present paper establishes a skein exact triangle for this instanton homology, as well as a realization of the octahedral axiom. From the octahedral diagram, one can derive equivalent reformulations of the authors' conjecture that, for planar webs, the rank of the instanton homology is equal to the number of Tait colorings.
Charged condensate and helium dwarf stars

White dwarf stars composed of carbon, oxygen and heavier elements are expected to crystallize as they cool down below certain temperatures. Yet, simple arguments suggest that the helium white dwarf cores may not solidify, mostly because of zero-point oscillations of the helium ions that would dissolve the crystalline structure. We argue that the interior of the helium dwarfs may instead form a macroscopic quantum state in which the charged helium-4 nuclei are in a Bose–Einstein condensate, while the relativistic electrons form a neutralizing degenerate Fermi liquid. We discuss the electric charge screening, and the spectrum of this substance, showing that the bosonic long-wavelength fluctuations exhibit a mass gap. Hence, there is a suppression at low temperatures of the boson contribution to the specific heat—the latter being dominated by the specific heat of the electrons near the Fermi surface. This state of matter may have observational signatures.
Rigidity Theorem by the Minimal Point of the Bergman Kernel

We use the Suita conjecture (now a theorem) to prove that for any domain $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {C}$$ its Bergman kernel $$K(\cdot , \cdot )$$ satisfies $$K(z_0, z_0) = \hbox {Volume}(\Omega )^{-1}$$ for some $$z_0 \in \Omega $$ if and only if $$\Omega $$ is either a disk minus a (possibly empty) closed polar set or $$\mathbb {C}$$ minus a (possibly empty) closed polar set. When $$\Omega $$ is bounded with $$C^{\infty }$$ -boundary, we provide a simple proof of this using the zero set of the Szego kernel. Finally, we show that this theorem fails to hold in $$\mathbb {C}^n$$ for $$n > 1$$ by constructing a bounded complete Reinhardt domain (with algebraic boundary) which is strongly convex and not biholomorphic to the unit ball $$\mathbb {B}^n \subset \mathbb {C}^n$$ .
Existence of foliations on 4-manifolds

We present existence results for certain singular 2-dimensional foliations on 4-manifolds. The singularities can be chosen to be simple, for example the same as those that appear in Lefschetz pencils. There is a wealth ofsuch creatures on most 4-manifolds, and they are rather flexible: in many cases, one can prescribe surfaces to be transverse or be leaves of these foliations. The purpose of this paper is to offer objects, hoping for a future theory to be developed on them. For example, foliations that are taut might offer genus bounds for embedded surfaces (Kronheimer's conjecture).
Interplay between IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory and the precision of an NLO ME matched parton shower MC in relation to LHCb data

We use comparison with recent LHCb data on single Z/γ∗ production and decay to lepton pairs as a vehicle to study the current status of the application of our approach of exact amplitude-based resummation in quantum field theory to precision quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations, by realistic MC event generator methods, as needed for precision large hadron collider (LHC) physics. This represents an extension of the phase space of our previous studies based on comparison with CMS and ATLAS data, as the pseudo-rapidity range measured by the LHCb for leptons in the data we study is 2.0 < η < 4.5 to be compared with |η| < 4.6(2.4) in our previous CMS(ATLAS) data comparison for the same processes. To be precise, for μ+μ− decays, the CMS data had |η| < 2.1 while, for e+e− decays, the CMS data had |η| < 2.1 for both leptons for the Zγ∗pT spectrum and had one lepton with |η| < 2.5 and one with |η| < 4.6 for the Z/γ∗ rapidity spectrum. The analyses we present here with the LHCb data thus represent an important addition to our previous results, as it is essential that theoretical predictions be able to control all of the measured phase space at LHC. The level of agreement between the new theory and the data continues to be a reason for optimism.
DASCH DISCOVERY OF A POSSIBLE NOVA-LIKE OUTBURST IN A PECULIAR SYMBIOTIC BINARY

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of a peculiar variable (designated DASCH J075731.1+201735 or J0757) discovered from our DASCH project using the digitized Harvard College Observatory archival photographic plates. It brightened by about 1.5 mag in B within a year starting in 1942, and then slowly faded back to its pre-outburst brightness from 1943 to 1950s. The mean brightness level was stable before and after the outburst, and ellipsoidal variations with a period of P = 119.18 ± 0.07 days are seen, suggesting that the star is tidally distorted. Radial-velocity measurements indicate that the orbit is nearly circular (e = 0.02 ± 0.01) with a spectroscopic period that is the same as the photometric period. The binary consists of a 1.1 ± 0.3 M ☉ M0III star, and a 0.6 ± 0.2 M ☉ companion, very likely a white dwarf (WD). Unlike other symbiotic binaries, there is no sign of emission lines or a stellar wind in the spectra. With an outburst timescale of ~10 years and estimated B-band peak luminosity MB ~ 0.7, J0757 is different from any other known classic or symbiotic novae. The most probable explanation of the outburst is hydrogen shell burning on the WD, although an accretion-powered flare cannot be ruled out.
Rotational Broadening Measurement for the Neutron Star X-Ray Transient XTE J2123–058

We used optical spectroscopy of the neutron star X-ray transient XTE J2123-058 to measure the rotational broadening of the binary companion's stellar absorption lines and determined that the companion's projected rotational velocity is v sin i = 121 km s-1. This value is considerably larger than the measurements of v sin i obtained previously for three other neutron star systems, where the values were between 34 and 65 km s-1. The larger value is likely due to the combination of high binary inclination and short (6 hr) orbital period for XTE J2123-058. Along with previously measured parameters, the rotational broadening measurement allowed us to determine the binary parameters, including the ratio of the neutron star mass to the companion mass, q = M1/M2 = 2.7, the neutron star mass M1 = 1.46 M☉, and the companion mass M2 = 0.53 M☉, assuming a Roche lobe-filling companion synchronously rotating with the binary orbit. These values are consistent with a previous measurement in which the Hα emission line was used to determine the semiamplitude of the neutron star's radial velocity curve (K1). It is a significant result that the two methods give consistent values. We also report the first measurement of the XTE J2123-058 companion's radius. Assuming synchronous rotation, we obtain R2 = 0.62 R☉, which is in line with that expected for a late K-type star on or close to the main sequence. Finally, we report the first precise spectroscopic determination of the binary orbital period (Porb = 21,442.3 ± 1.8 s).
Galaxy formation theory

We review the current theory of how galaxies form within the cosmological framework provided by the cold dark matter paradigm for structure formation. Beginning with the pre-galactic evolution of baryonic material we describe the analytical and numerical understanding of how baryons condense into galaxies, what determines the structure of those galaxies and how internal and external processes (including star formation, merging, active galactic nuclei, etc.) determine their gross properties and evolution. Throughout, we highlight successes and failures of current galaxy formation theory. We include a review of computational implementations of galaxy formation theory and assess their ability to provide reliable modeling of this complex phenomenon. We finish with a discussion of several “hot topics” in contemporary galaxy formation theory and assess future directions for this field.
Tigris: Architecture and Algorithms for 3D Perception in Point Clouds

Machine perception applications are increasingly moving toward manipulating and processing 3D point cloud. This paper focuses on point cloud registration, a key primitive of 3D data processing widely used in high-level tasks such as odometry, simultaneous localization and mapping, and 3D reconstruction. As these applications are routinely deployed in energy-constrained environments, real-time and energy-efficient point cloud registration is critical. We present Tigris, an algorithm-architecture co-designed system specialized for point cloud registration. Through an extensive exploration of the registration pipeline design space, we find that, while different design points make vastly different trade-offs between accuracy and performance, KD-tree search is a common performance bottleneck, and thus is an ideal candidate for architectural specialization. While KD-tree search is inherently sequential, we propose an acceleration-amenable data structure and search algorithm that exposes different forms of parallelism of KD-tree search in the context of point cloud registration. The co-designed accelerator systematically exploits the parallelism while incorporating a set of architectural techniques that further improve the accelerator efficiency. Overall, Tigris achieves 77.2× speedup and 7.4× power reduction in KD-tree search over an RTX 2080 Ti GPU, which translates to a 41.7% registration performance improvements and 3.0× power reduction.
Cosmetic surgeries on genus one knots

In this paper, we prove that there are no truly cosmetic surgeries on genus one classical knots. If the two surgery slopes have the same sign, we give the only possibilities of reflectively cosmetic surgeries. The result is an application of Heegaard Floer theory and number theory. 57M27, 57R58; 53D40
The Role of Tiny Grains on the Accretion Process in Protoplanetary Disks

Tiny grains such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been thought to dramatically reduce the coupling between the gas and magnetic fields in weakly ionized gas such as in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) because they provide a tremendous surface area to recombine free electrons. The presence of tiny grains in PPDs thus raises the question of whether the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is able to drive rapid accretion consistent with observations. Charged tiny grains have similar conduction properties as ions, whose presence leads to qualitatively new behaviors in the conductivity tensor, characterized by , where ne and denote the number densities of free electrons and all other charged species, respectively. In particular, Ohmic conductivity becomes dominated by charged grains rather than by electrons when exceeds about 103, and Hall and ambipolar diffusion (AD) coefficients are reduced by a factor of in the AD-dominated regime relative to that in the Ohmic regime. Applying the methodology of Bai, we find that in PPDs, when PAHs are sufficiently abundant ( 10–9 per H2 molecule), there exists a transition radius r trans of about 10-20 AU, beyond which the MRI active layer extends to the disk midplane. At r r trans, we find that, remarkably, the predicted exceeds the grain-free case due to a net reduction of AD by charged tiny grains and reaches a few times 10–8 M ☉ yr–1. This is sufficient to account for the observed in transitional disks. Larger grains ( 0.1 μm) are too massive to reach such high abundance as tiny grains and to facilitate the accretion process.
Spectral classification of galaxies along the hubble sequence

We develop a straightforward and quantitative two-step method for spectroscopically classifying galaxies from the low signal-to-noise (S/N) optical spectra typical of galaxy redshift surveys. First, using \chi^2-fitting of characteristic templates to the object spectrum, we determine the relative contributions of the old stellar component, the young stellar component, and various emission line spectra. Then, we classify the galaxy by comparing the relative strengths of the components with those of galaxies of known morphological type. In particular, we use the ratios of (1) the emission line to absorption line contribution, (2) the young to old stellar contribution, and (3) the oxygen to hydrogen emission line contribution. We calibrate and test the method using published morphological types for 32 galaxies from the long-slit spectroscopic survey of Kennicutt (1992) and for 304 galaxies from a fiber spectroscopic survey of nearby galaxy clusters. From an analysis of a sample of long-slit spectra of spiral galaxies in two galaxy clusters, we conclude that the majority of the galaxies observed in the fiber survey are sufficiently distant that their spectral classification is unaffected by aperture bias. Our spectral classification is consistent with the morphological classification to within one type (e.g. E to S0 or Sa to Sb) for \gtsim 80% of the galaxies. Disagreements between the spectral and morphological classifications of the remaining galaxies reflect a divergence in the correspondence between spectral and morphological types, rather than a problem with the data or method.
From tunnels to towers: Quantum scars from Lie algebras and q -deformed Lie algebras

The authors present a framework for creating and understanding scar towers as shadows of broken non-Abelian symmetries and show examples of models hosting scar towers derived from higher-rank and $q$-deformed Lie algebras.
The Dominant Influencer of Voltage Fluctuation (DIVF) for Power Distribution System

Variability in power generation at multiple consumer-owned renewable energy sources can cause random voltage fluctuations, which may result in voltage violations at multiple nodes in a power distribution system. Traditional methods of voltage control are ineffective to address fast voltage variations. New dynamic methods of voltage control using end-user devices can significantly benefit from the knowledge of the dominant influencer of voltage fluctuation (DIVF). This paper introduces information theoretic metrics to identify DIVF for every node in the power distribution system. A node can be DIVF due to its location in the distribution system and its capacity to generate and change its power. Use of traditional power flow algorithms to identify the DIVF is computationally complex, which limits their use in real-time applications. In this paper, information theoretic indicators of the DIVF are computed analytically in a computationally efficient manner, and their effectiveness to identify the DIVF is tested using the IEEE 69 node test system. From simulations, it is shown that differential entropy, Kullback–Leibler distance, and Frechet distance are effective indicators of the DIVF and can successfully identify the most influential nodes providing the foundation for intelligent voltage control.
Anxiety Detection Leveraging Mobile Passive Sensing

Anxiety disorders are the most common class of psychiatric problems affecting both children and adults. However, tools to effectively monitor and manage anxiety are lacking, and comparatively limited research has been applied to addressing the unique challenges around anxiety. Leveraging passive and unobtrusive data collection from smartphones could be a viable alternative to classical methods, allowing for real-time mental health surveillance and disease management. This paper presents eWellness, an experimental mobile application designed to track a full-suite of sensor and user-log data off an individual’s device in a continuous and passive manner. We report on an initial pilot study tracking ten people over the course of a month that showed a nearly 76% success rate at predicting daily anxiety and depression levels based solely on the passively monitored features.
Distributed macroscopic traffic simulation with Open Traffic Models

This paper presents OTM-MPI, an extension of the Open Traffic Models platform (OTM) for running macroscopic traffic simulations in high-performance computing environments. OTM-MPI represents the first open-source, distributed-memory, macroscopic simulation model developed for modern high performance parallel machines and large networks. Macroscopic simulations are appropriate for studying regional traffic scenarios when aggregate trends are of interest, rather than individual vehicle traces. They are also appropriate for studying the routing behavior of classes of vehicles, such as app-informed vehicles. The network partitioning was performed with METIS. Inter-process communication was done with MPI (message-passing interface). Results are provided for two networks: one realistic network which was obtained from Open Street Maps for Chattanooga, TN, and another larger synthetic grid network. The software recorded a speedups of 198x using 256 cores for Chattanooga, and 475x with 1,024 cores for the synthetic network.
Performance Evaluation and Application of Computation Based Low-cost Homogeneous Machine Learning Model Algorithm for Image Classification

The image classification machine learning model was trained with the intention to predict the category of the input image. While multiple state-of-the-art ensemble model method- ologies are openly available, this paper evaluates the performance of a low-cost, simple algorithm that would integrate seamlessly into modern production-grade cloud-based applications. The homogeneous models, trained with the full instead of subsets of data, contains varying hyper-parameters and neural layers from one another. These models' inferences will be processed by the new algorithm, which is loosely based on conditional probability theories. The final output will be evaluated.
Few-Shot Learning via Learning the Representation, Provably

This paper studies few-shot learning via representation learning, where one uses T source tasks with n1 data per task to learn a representation in order to reduce the sample complexity of a target task for which there is only n2(≪n1) data. Specifically, we focus on the setting where there exists a good common representation between source and target, and our goal is to understand how much a sample size reduction is possible. First, we study the setting where this common representation is low-dimensional and provide a risk bound of O~(dkn1T+kn2) on the target task for the linear representation class; here d is the ambient input dimension and k(≪d) is the dimension of the representation. This result bypasses the Ω(1T) barrier under the i.i.d. task assumption, and can capture the desired property that all n1T samples from source tasks can be \emph{pooled} together for representation learning. We further extend this result to handle a general representation function class and obtain a similar result. Next, we consider the setting where the common representation may be high-dimensional but is capacity-constrained (say in norm); here, we again demonstrate the advantage of representation learning in both high-dimensional linear regression and neural networks, and show that representation learning can fully utilize all n1T samples from source tasks.
Spectral computation of low probability tails for the homogeneous Boltzmann equation

Abstract We apply the spectral-Lagrangian method of Gamba and Tharkabhushanam for solving the homogeneous Boltzmann equation to compute the low probability tails of the velocity distribution function, f, of a particle species. This method is based on a truncation, Q tr ( f , f ) , of the Boltzmann collision operator, Q ( f , f ) , whose Fourier transform is given by a weighted convolution. The truncated collision operator models the situation in which two colliding particles ignore each other if their relative speed exceeds a threshold, g tr . We demonstrate that the choice of truncation parameter plays a critical role in the accuracy of the numerical computation of Q. Significantly, if g tr is too large, then accurate numerical computation of the weighted convolution integral is not feasible, since the degree of oscillation of the convolution weighting function increases as g tr increases. We derive an upper bound on the pointwise error between Q and Q tr , assuming that both operators are computed exactly. This bound provides some additional theoretical justification for the spectral-Lagrangian method, and can be used to guide the choice of g tr in numerical computations. We then demonstrate how to choose g tr and the numerical discretization parameters so that the computation of the truncated collision operator is a good approximation to Q in the low probability tails. Finally, for several different initial conditions, we demonstrate the feasibility of accurately computing the time evolution of the velocity pdf down to probability density levels ranging from 10 − 5 to 10 − 9 .
A Fault Tolerant Lateral Control Strategy for an Autonomous Four Wheel Driven Electric Vehicle

Fail-operational lateral control is a necessary aspect of autonomous driving systems to reach SAE level 4 of automated driving. This paper focuses on fault tolerant control reconfiguration techniques for two fault types: a yaw-rate sensor fault and an on-board electric motor fault. The yaw-rate fault reconfiguration combines an estimation of the yaw-rate signal with a smooth switch to a yaw-rate independent controller. The actuator fault reconfiguration is based on control allocation techniques. These algorithms, including Fault Detection and Isolation are implemented in a four-wheel driven electric demonstration vehicle. Both types of reconfiguration strategies are experimentally evaluated in an evasive manoeuvre and the results show that the fault reconfiguration techniques succeed to provide fail-operational behavior.
Let Them Do Their Jobs: The Compelling Government Interest in Protecting the Time of Candidates and Elected Officials

As candidates for public office spend more and more money during their campaigns, they become more and more shackled to the machinery of fundraising. They spend increasing amounts of time dialing for dollars, attending fundraisers, and cultivating prospective donors. But these candidates, typically already in office themselves, are consequently spending less and less time campaigning, speaking with the people, studying legislation, and governing. In short, fundraising takes time away from campaigning and elected officials' performance of their duties. "Let Them Do Their Jobs: The Compelling Government Interest in Protecting the Time of Candidates and Elected Officials" explores the dimensions of the time protection problem and demonstrates why it is a compelling government interest. As candidates divert their time and attention to fundraising, they do not engage in the critical conversation that is the essence of the campaign. Further, as officeholders become nearly full-time fundraisers, they neglect to do their jobs - doing the people's business. Republican government suffers as a result, as representation is diminished and the people are no longer well-represented. Due to the time taken for fundraising, the political-governmental process has so broken down that the people's will cannot be effectively served. The article weighs possible responses to this problem, including lifting contribution limits and public financing of campaigns. Both those options fail to address adequately the problem presented, and the article concludes by demonstrating how campaign expenditure limits are the most narrowly tailored solution to this compelling government interest. Spending drives the need to raise money, and as long as spending continues to spiral, so will the money chase, and time will be lost. Capping the amount that any candidate can spend will correspondingly limit on the amount of time spent raising money, thereby serving the compelling government interest in protecting the time of candidates and officeholders.