cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep-brain stimulator and control of Parkinson's disease

The design of a novel feedback sensor system with wireless implantable polymer MEMS sensors for detecting and wirelessly transmitting physiological data that can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, head injury, stroke, hydrocephalus, changes in pressure, patient movements, and tremors is presented in this paper. The sensor system includes MEMS gyroscopes, accelerometers, and pressure sensors. This feedback sensor system focuses on the development and integration of implantable systems with various wireless sensors for medical applications, particularly for the Parkinson's disease. It is easy to integrate and modify the sensor network feed back system for other neurological disorders mentioned above. The monitoring and control of tremor in Parkinson's disease can be simulated on a skeleton via wireless telemetry system communicating with electroactive polymer actuator, and microsensors attached to the skeleton hand and legs. Upon sensing any abnormal motor activity which represent the characteristic rhythmic motion of a typical Parkinson's (PD) patient, these sensors will generate necessary control pulses which will be transmitted to a hat sensor system on the skeleton head. Tiny inductively coupled antennas attached to the hat sensor system can receive these control pulses, demodulate and deliver it to actuate the parts of the skeleton to control the abnormal motor activity. This feedback sensor system can further monitor and control depending on the amplitude of the abnormal motor activity. This microsystem offers cost effective means of monitoring and controlling of neurological disorders in real PD patients. Also, this network system offers a remote monitoring of the patients conditions without visiting doctors office or hospitals. The data can be monitored using PDA and can be accessed using internet (or cell phone). Cellular phone technology will allow a health care worker to be automatically notified if monitoring indicates an emergency situation. The main advantage of such system is that it can effectively monitor large number of patients at the same time, which helps to compensate the present shortage of health care workers.
JPL pulsar timing observations. V. Macro and microjumps in the Vela pulsar 0833-45

In this paper, 14.5 yr of JPL timing data are analyzed to study the spindown of the Vela pulsar. Discontinuities in the spin frequency and its derivatives have bimodal amplitude distributions. Macrojumps are characterized by relative changes in spin rate of about 10 to the -6th with a derivative of 0.01, while microjumps have relative changes in spin rate of less than about 10 to the -9th with derivative of less than about 0.0001. Macrojumps display a (+,-) signature with a well-defined ratio of the amplitudes. Microjumps, however, show all possible signs of events and a larger range in signature. Six macrojumps and their associated transients are quantified using a 10-parameter model for each jump. Amplitude and decay time parameters vary by a factor of about five over the set of jumps. The results are discussed in terms of superfluid vortex models. The macrojumps are consistent with a model in which angular momentum is suddenly transferred to the crust from a more rapidly rotating superfluid core, followed by relaxation of the spin-down rate.
Why is hafnium so unreactive?: Experimental and theoretical studies of the reaction of Hf+ with methane

Abstract The reaction of atomic hafnium cations with CH 4 and CD 4 is studied using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. In contrast to most third-row transition metal ions, the dehydrogenation reaction to form HfCH 2 + + H 2 is endothermic. At higher energies, other products, HfCH + , HfCH 3 + , and HfH + , the latter being the predominant species, are observed. Implicit in the behavior of the cross sections for HfH + , HfCH 2 + , and HfCH 3 + is a H Hf + CH 3 intermediate. Modeling of the endothermic cross sections provides for 0 K bond dissociation energies (in eV) of D 0 (Hf + CH) = 5.10 ± 0.15, D 0 (Hf + CH 2 ) = 4.37 ± 0.07, D 0 (Hf + CH 3 ) = 2.12 ± 0.26, and D 0 (Hf + H) = 1.97 ± 0.11. These experimental bond energies are in good agreement with density functional calculations at the B3LYP/HW+/6–311 ++ G(3 df ,3 p ) level of theory. Theoretical calculations reveal the mechanism of the reaction and illustrate the geometric and electronic structures of the individual products and intermediates. Unlike its first and second-row congeners, which have quartet ground states and must change spin to dehydrogenate methane, Hf + retains its ground state doublet configuration throughout the dehydrogenation reaction, demonstrating that spin-restrictions are not responsible for the relatively low reactivity of Hf + . Instead, this can be attributed to the unfavorable doubly occupied 6 s orbital in the 2 D ground state of Hf + .
The effects of surface geology and stream size on freshwater mussel (Bivalvia, Unionidae) distribution in southeastern Michigan, U.S.A.

1 Stream size and surface geology are the two major environmental features thai control the distributions of the thirty-four species of unionid mussels living in the streams of southeastern Michigan. 2 Surface geology, a previously unrecognized factor in the ecology of freshwater mussels, acts lo regulate the hydrology, slope and turbidity of streams in the study area. 3 Reciprocal averaging ordinations are used to aid the description of the habitats occupied by each mussel species.
Changing Me to Keep You State Jealousy Promotes Perceiving Similarity Between the Self and a Romantic Rival

Individuals sometimes alter their self-views to be more similar to others—traditionally romantic partners—because they are motivated to do so. A common motivating force is the desire to affiliate with a partner. The current research examined whether a different motivation—romantic jealousy—might promote individuals to alter their self-views to be more similar to a romantic rival, rather than a partner. Romantic jealousy occurs when individuals perceive a rival as a threat to their relationship and motivates individuals to defend their relationship. We proposed that one novel way that individuals might defend their relationship is by seeing themselves as more similar to a perceived romantic rival. We predicted individuals would alter their self-views to be more similar to a rival that they believed their partner found attractive. Importantly, we predicted that state romantic jealousy would motivate these self-alterations. Three studies confirmed these hypotheses.
Contextual factors and perceived self-reported sleepiness: a preliminary report.

Abstract Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to determine whether contextual factors affect self-reported sleepiness. Specifically, when a reference situation is held constant (e.g. watching television), does the respondent's position, location, or interest in the activity alter sleepiness rating. We also evaluated interactions between an individual's level of sleepiness and the effect of these contextual factors. Method : This is a prospective survey conducted at a teaching hospital. Samples were drawn from four populations: a general non-patient population ( n =53), a geriatric population ( n =22), a medical resident population ( n =18), and patients referred for sleep evaluation ( n =53). We developed and administered a questionnaire that included a list of activities varied according to respondent's position, location, or interest in the activity. This questionnaire, along with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), was administered to 146 individuals. Results : Overall, we found significant differences ( P Conclusions : The results of this preliminary study indicate that contextual factors can influence self-reported sleepiness rating; however, this influence diminishes as sleepiness increases. Thus, clarifying context may improve test sensitivity in more alert individuals but does not appear to add incremental value to self-reported sleepiness in sleepy patients.
Transcriptomic and genomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas

This study analyzed gene expression patterns and global genomic alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), hepatoblastomas (HPBL), tissue adjacent to HCC and normal liver tissue derived from normal livers and hepatic resections. We found that HCC and adjacent nonneoplastic cirrhotic tissue have considerable overlap in gene expression patterns compared to normal liver. Several genes including Glypican 3, spondin-2, PEG10, EDIL3 and Osteopontin are over-expressed in HCC vs. adjacent tissue whereas Ficolin 3 is the most consistently under-expressed gene. HCC can be subdivided into three clusters based on gene expression patterns. HCC and HPBL have clearly different patterns of gene expression, with genes IGF2, Fibronectin, DLK1, TGFb1, MALAT1 and MIG6 being over-expressed in HPBL versus HCC. In addition, specific areas of the genome appear unstable in HCC, with the same regions undergoing either deletion or increased gene dosage in all HCC.
A Real-Time Component Framework: Experience with CCM and ARINC-653

The complexity of software in systems like aerospace vehicles has reached the point where new techniques are needed to ensure system dependability while improving the productivity of developers. One possible approach is to use precisely defined software execution platforms that (1) enable the system to be composed from separate components, (2) restrict component interactions and prevent fault propagation, and (3) whose compositional properties are well-known. In this paper we describe the initial steps towards building a platform that combines component-based software construction with hard real-time operating system services. Specifically, the paper discusses how the CORBA Component Model (CCM) could be combined with the ARINC-653 platform services and the lessons learned from this experiment. The results point towards both extending the CCM as well as revising the ARINC-653.
A Numerical Investigation of a Slow-Moving Convective Line in a Weakly Sheared Environment

A series of three-dimensional, cloud-resolving numerical simulations are performed to examine a slowpropagating, quasi-two-dimensional convective system in a weakly sheared environment during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere (TRMM-LBA) field campaign. The focus is on the kinematics and thermodynamics, organization mechanisms, and dynamical effects of low-level shear, ice microphysics and tropospheric humidity. The control simulation, which is initialized with the observed sounding and includes full microphysics, successfully replicates many observed features of the convective system, such as the linear structure, spatial orientation, life cycle, and sluggish translation. The system at the mature stage displays a line-normal structure similar to that associated with squalltype convective systems, but the corresponding mesoscale circulation and thermodynamic modification are much weaker. Ice-phase microphysical processes are not necessary to the formation of the convective system, but they play a non-trivial role in the late evolution stage. In contrast, the low-level shear, albeit shallow and weak, is critical to the realistic realization of the convective line. The tropospheric moisture above the planetary boundary layer has an important impact on the behavior of convective organization. In particular, a dry layer in the lower troposphere significantly suppresses convective development and inhibits the generation of organized convection even though the convective available potential energy is substantial. The free-atmosphere humidity has received little attention in previous studies of organized convection and warrants further investigation.
A Supersymmetric Theory of Even Rank Antisymmetric Tensor Fields

We present a theory of rank-2k antisymmetric tensor fields (or equivalently, of differential 2k-forms) on a world-surface of dimension 4k + 1. In addition gauge symmetries, the theory exhibits an unconventional supersymmetry. We examine the unusual interplay between these two types of symmetries in the process of gauge fixing. We interpret the gauge-fixed supercharge as a Dirac operator on an appropriate coset space of differential forms: in particular, the k = 1 theory yields the Dirac operator on the space of two-forms modulo exact two-forms on a manifold of dimension 4.
The African-American Working Class in the Jim Crow Era

Before the 1960s, white historians of North American slavery justified the absence of slaves' perspectives from their accounts on the basis of a regrettable lack of sources. Planters and white politicians may have left behind diaries, newspaper essays, treatises, and record books, but their human property ostensibly had not. What sources did exist?fugitive slave testimonies and subsequently recorded interviews with scholars or government officials ? were presumed to be tainted either by the propaganda purposes to which they were put, the power dynamics between interviewer and interviewed, or unreliable memories. Such dismissals proved self-serving and premature. Beginning in the early 1960s, historians revolutionized our understanding of America's "peculiar institution," utilizing both traditional and untapped sources, making slavery one of the most dynamic fields in American historical scholarship for several decades. The world of the southern slave community has been reconstituted, and the values, aspirations, and perspectives of the unfree have been placed at its center. Until recently, the same could not be said for their descendants in the nation's urban centers. From the 1950s to the 1980s, historians of the urban African American experience examined in great depth northern black communities and their occupational and class structures, the contours of residential ghettos, the evolution of Jim Crow and white racism, religious and fraternal life, and the political struggle of northern blacks for representation, inclusion, and equality. But the accounts of the struggles against exclusion and discrimination were dominated by the black elite?entrepreneurs, the clergy, lawyers, and other
Safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy for depression following cerebrovascular accident.

Romanowicz M, Sutor B, Sola C. Safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy for depression following cerebrovascular accident. Introduction: Depressive syndromes are common following cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and many patients do not respond to pharmacotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for mood disorders arising with many comorbid medical conditions. In this paper, we describe the successful treatment of post-CVA depression with ECT. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 24 patients hospitalised for depression on an in-patient Medical Psychiatry unit between 2000 and 2010. Medical, neurologic and psychiatric histories, physical examination findings, results of laboratory, imaging and neurophysiologic investigations and treatment response with medications and ECT were recorded. Results: Twenty patients (83%) showed a positive response to treatment with ECT. None had worsening of depression after the ECT or experienced exacerbation of post-stroke neurological deficits. Three patients suffered from minor complications of ECT (prolonged confusion or short-term memory problems). Conclusions: This review supports the use of ECT after a stroke with appropriate clinical observation. The treatment was well tolerated and the majority obtained clinical benefit.
Genetically Targeted T Cells Eradicate Systemic Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Xenografts

Purpose: Human T cells targeted to the B cell–specific CD19 antigen through retroviral-mediated transfer of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), termed 19z1, have shown significant but partial in vivo antitumor efficacy in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)-Beige systemic human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (NALM-6) tumor model. Here, we investigate the etiologies of treatment failure in this model and design approaches to enhance the efficacy of this adoptive strategy. Experimental Design: A panel of modified CD19-targeted CARs designed to deliver combined activating and costimulatory signals to the T cell was generated and tested in vitro to identify an optimal second-generation CAR. Antitumor efficacy of T cells expressing this optimal costimulatory CAR, 19-28z, was analyzed in mice bearing systemic costimulatory ligand-deficient NALM-6 tumors. Results: Expression of the 19-28z CAR, containing the signaling domain of the CD28 receptor, enhanced systemic T-cell antitumor activity when compared with 19z1 in treated mice. A treatment schedule of 4 weekly T-cell injections, designed to prolong in vivo T-cell function, further improved long-term survival. Bioluminescent imaging of tumor in treated mice failed to identify a conserved site of tumor relapse, consistent with successful homing by tumor-specific T cells to systemic sites of tumor involvement. Conclusions: Both in vivo costimulation and repeated administration enhance eradication of systemic tumor by genetically targeted T cells. The finding that modifications in CAR design as well as T-cell dosing allowed for the complete eradication of systemic disease affects the design of clinical trials using this treatment strategy.
Potential phylogenetic utility of the low-copy nuclear gene pistillata in dicotyledonous plants: comparison to nrDNA ITS and trnL intron in Sphaerocardamum and other Brassicaceae.

Abstract We report the potential phylogenetic utility of DNA sequence data from the last 700 bp of a ca. 1-kb intron of the MADS-box gene pistillata from a sampling of Sphaerocardamum species and other Brassicaceae. These results are compared with nrDNA ITS and the chloroplast trnL intron for the same taxa to demonstrate the potential phylogenetic utility of this pistillata intron and to identify potential historically independent sequences for an ongoing study of relationships within Sphaerocardamum. Analyses of the DNA sequence data for Brassicaceae indicated that pairwise divergences and potentially informative characters were higher in the pistillata intron (0.6–30.8%, 284 characters) and ITS (0–24%, 94 characters) than in the chloroplast trnL intron (0–4.2%, 17 characters). A comparison of Sphaerocardamum sequences identified low divergences and numbers of informative characters for trnL intron (0–2.4%, 1 character) and nrDNA ITS (0–2.5%, 2 characters) and substantially more variation among the pistillata sequences (0.15–3.7%, 19 characters). Phylogenetic analyses of these pistillata sequences fully resolve ingroup relationships without character conflict. Results of pistillata PCR amplifications from a broader dicot sample showed that some primers may be useful in amplifying orthologous pistillata sequences. Ultimately this pistillata intron may be a valuable source of phylogenetic characters at lower taxonomic levels.
Fuzzy classification of plasma reflection for keyhole sensing and control

Keyhole arc welding (KAW) can achieve deeper, narrower penetration than other arc welding processes. If KAW can be controlled in such a way as to minimize the heat input and the size of the weld pool while insuring full penetration, KAW could be an effective and affordable technology to improve the welding of thick materials. The key to developing such a controlled process is the development of a sensor that can detect the development of the keyhole. Preliminary studies have indicated that monitoring the plasma reflection could lead to a practical and accurate sensor for monitoring the keyhole development. Fuzzy logic provides a method for analysing this dynamic process in real time.
The design and employment of a system to vent and/or pump vacuum spaces with possible tritium contamination

Maintenance and associated line breaks are a requirement for any operating vacuum systems. When the vacuum systems are potentially contaminated with tritium, the maintenance crews are faced with opening a line that may contain significant quantities of airborne tritium. Every isolatable section of complex vacuum systems cannot contain an active tritium monitor, therefore, an alternate method of tritium measurement must be used in preparation for a line break. At TFTR, the method used to determine the quantity of tritium at risk prior to a line break is accomplished by Operations Procedure OP-VAC-656 (Approved Method for Venting and Pumping a Vacuum Space That Has Possible Tritium Contamination). This procedure describes the method to safely vent a vacuum space that has been exposed to possible contamination with tritium, to measure the concentration of airborne tritium and to provide a set of options for pumping and purging based on the tritium concentration. The procedure describes the minimum compliment of components needed to safely perform the process. At the present time at TFTR there are at least four different sets of components that meet the requirements of OP-VAC-656. Each of these special setups are used because of the unique system requirements in the different areas of TFTR.
An Improved Method for Analysis of Polarization Resistance Data

Abstract A computer program (POLCURR) has been developed for the analysis of polarization data obtained in the vicinity of the corrosion potential. The program provides for the determination of anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes, polarization resistance, and corrosion current. The program output prints experimental and calculated values in convenient graphical and tabular forms. The performance of POLCURR is evaluated with actual and theoretical data and comparison is made with the CORFIT program described earlier.
Effect of radiation-induced interface traps on 1/f noise in MOSFET's

By measuring the drain current fluctuations of X-ray irradiated and bias-annealed NMOSFETs in weak inversion over several decades of frequencies, it was demonstrated that, while the low-frequency 1/f noise is correlated with the density of oxide trapped charge (N/sub ot/) as previously reported, the high-frequency 1/f noise is correlated with the density of interface traps (D/sub it/) but not with the oxide trapped charge. In contrast, 1/f noise measured in strong inversion does not seem to correlate with D/sub it/ because the measurement frequency is too low to distinguish the effect of interface traps close to the Si conduction band. >
Parthenolide promotes the ubiquitination of MDM2 and activates p53 cellular functions

MDM2 belongs to a class of ring-finger domain-containing ubiquitin ligases that mediate the proteasomal degradation of numerous proteins, including themselves. Arguably, the most important substrate of MDM2 is p53, which controls cell cycle progression and apoptosis. MDM2 and p53 are parts of a feedback regulatory loop whose perturbations are often present in cancer and are targets for anticancer drug development. We found that the natural product, small-molecule anti-inflammatory agent parthenolide (PN), which is actively being investigated as a potential therapeutic for many human cancers, induces ubiquitination of MDM2 in treated cells, resulting in the activation of p53 and other MDM2-regulated tumor-suppressor proteins. Using cells with functional gene deletions and small interfering RNA knockdown studies, we found that these effects required the DNA damage transducer ataxia telangiectasia mutated. The effects of PN on tumor suppressor activation were comparable with that of nutlin-3a, a recently developed small molecule that was designed to interfere with the interaction between MDM2 and p53 but does not promote MDM2 ubiquitination. Our study illustrates an alternative approach for controlling MDM2 and p53 activities and identifies an additional critically important cancer pathway affected by PN.
Scaling of fields, sources, and constitutive properties in bianisotropic media

Scaling relations for time-dependent and time-harmonic electromagnetic fields and sources are obtained, and the consequent scaling relations for the constitutive properties of linear bianisotropic materials are also derived. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertical extrapolation of geomagnetic field components

In the region external to sources of magnetism, both the divergence and the curl of the magnetic intensity are zero. From the corresponding analytic expressions, the derivatives in the vertical direction of each field component are obtained in terms of the values of the components on a surface surrounding the sources. A Taylor series is formed with these derivatives and then used to continue, either upward or downward, the respective components. The rapidity of the convergence depends on the complexity of the surface field and on the distance of the computed point from the surface.
Primary lymphoma of the prostate in a dog

A case of primary lymphoma of the prostate is reported in a nine-year-old crossbred dog. The lesion was treated with cytotoxic drugs, however, the dog was euthanased because of inadequate response. This is the first recorded case of primary prostatic lymphoma in the dog.
Control of electric signals in a thin film-based molecular optoelectronic system

Both the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and the artificial bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) technique have been proposed as methods of assembling molecular electronic devices. Electric signals can be elicited from these types of layered structures with embedded macromolecular pigments. The photoelectric responses to a short light pulse are highly variable in their characteristic relaxations. In an attempt to understand the factors responsible for this variability, the author has found equivalent circuit analysis to be useful in linking the observed photoresponses with the underlying physicochemical processes. The author's approach is to combine conventional circuit analysis with electrochemical principles. This approach allows investigators to manipulate and to predict the relaxation time course of the photoelectric signal over a wide range of experimental conditions. >
Cerebellar Contribution to Social Cognition

Emotion attribution (EA) from faces is key to social cognition, and deficits in perception of emotions from faces underlie neuropsychiatric disorders in which cerebellar pathology is reported. Here, we test the hypothesis that the cerebellum contributes to social cognition through EA from faces. We examined 57 patients with cerebellar disorders and 57 healthy controls. Thirty-one patients had complex cerebrocerebellar disease (complex cerebrocerebellar disease group (CD)); 26 had disease isolated to cerebellum (isolated cerebellar disease group (ID)). EA was measured with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET), and informants were administered a novel questionnaire, the Cerebellar Neuropsychiatric Rating Scale (CNRS). EA was impaired in all patients (CD p < 0.001, ID p < 0.001). When analyzed for valence categories, both CD and ID missed more positive and negative stimuli. Positive targets produced the highest deficit (CD p < 0.001, ID p = 0.004). EA impairments correlated with CNRS measures of deficient social skills (p < 0.05) and autism spectrum behaviors (p < 0.005). Patients had difficulties with emotion regulation (CD p < 0.001, ID p < 0.001), autism spectrum behaviors (CD p < 0.049, ID p < 0.001), and psychosis spectrum symptoms (CD p < 0.021, ID p < 0.002). ID informants endorsed deficient social skills (CD p < 0.746, ID p < 0.003) and impaired attention regulation (CD p < 0.144, ID p < 0.001). Within the psychosis spectrum domain, CD patients were worse than controls for lack of empathy (CD p = 0.05; ID p = 0.49). Thus, patients with cerebellar damage were impaired on an EA task associated with deficient social skills and autism spectrum behaviors and experienced psychosocial difficulties on the CNRS. This has relevance for ataxias, the cerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders with cerebellar pathology.
Toxic Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia and Its Primary Consumers (Vectors)

Toxic algal blooms are occurring on a more frequent basis and have been shown to cause harm in higher trophic levels. The diatom toxin domoic acid, produced by the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, has been shown to be responsible for the contamination of shellfish, zooplankton, and fish around the world. Contaminations have impacted various economical markets as well. These primary consumers (vectors) have a variety of responses to blooms of toxic phytoplankton species ranging from avoidance to ingestion of the algae. To define their role in toxin transfer, it is necessary to know their position in the food web and their response to toxic food species. If the toxin is transferred via these vectors, it can cause a serious intoxication in humans, marine birds, and mammals.
Exploring the physiological correlates of chronic mild traumatic brain injury symptoms

We report on the results of a multimodal imaging study involving behavioral assessments, evoked and resting-state BOLD fMRI, and DTI in chronic mTBI subjects. We found that larger task-evoked BOLD activity in the MT+/LO region in extra-striate visual cortex correlated with mTBI and PTSD symptoms, especially light sensitivity. Moreover, higher FA values near the left optic radiation (OR) were associated with both light sensitivity and higher BOLD activity in the MT+/LO region. The MT+/LO region was localized as a region of abnormal functional connectivity with central white matter regions previously found to have abnormal physiological signals during visual eye movement tracking (Astafiev et al., 2015). We conclude that mTBI symptoms and light sensitivity may be related to excessive responsiveness of visual cortex to sensory stimuli. This abnormal sensitivity may be related to chronic remodeling of white matter visual pathways acutely injured.
Blood Brothers: Hemodynamics and Cell-Matrix Interactions in Endothelial Function.

Abstract Significance: Alterations in endothelial function contribute to a variety of vascular diseases. In pathological conditions, the endothelium shows a reduced ability to regulate vasodilation (endothelial dysfunction) and a conversion toward a proinflammatory and leaky phenotype (endothelial activation). At the interface between the vessel wall and blood, the endothelium exists in a complex microenvironment and must translate changes in these environmental signals to alterations in vessel function. Mechanical stimulation and endothelial cell interactions with the vascular matrix, as well as a host of soluble factors, coordinately contribute to this dynamic regulation. Recent Advances: Blood hemodynamics play an established role in the regulation of endothelial function. However, a growing body of work suggests that subendothelial matrix composition similarly and coordinately regulates endothelial cell phenotype such that blood flow affects matrix remodeling, which affects the endothelial response to...
Secretory villous tumor of the ampulla of Vater.

An unusual case of a malignant villous tumor of the ampulla of Vater is presented. This tumor caused a sodium- and chloride-rich secretion into the biliary tree. A percutaneous transhepatic drainage tube was inserted, and the resultant fluid loss caused hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and oliguric renal failure. Villous tumors of the ampulla may sometimes secrete large quantities of fluid in a manner analogous to rectal villous tumors.
Toward selection of efficient density functionals for van der Waals molecular complexes: comparative study of C-H···π and N-H···π interactions.

We have evaluated the performance of two of the recently developed density functionals (M06-2X and B2PLYP-D), which are widely used, by considering three important prototype systems, including benzene–acetylene, benzene–methane, and benzene–ammonia, possessing C–H···π or N–H···π interactions. Computational results are compared with the available experimental data. Considered density functionals are from two different classes: hybrid meta density functional (M06-2X) and double hybrid density functional (B2PLYP-D). The performance of a range of basis sets (6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), aug-cc-pVXZ (X = D, T, Q)) with the above-mentioned two density functionals was evaluated. Comparison of the results includes Pople’s basis sets versus Dunning’s correlation consistent basis sets with the M06-2X and B2PLYP-D functionals considered in this study. The basis set effect on geometrical parameters, dissociation energies, and selected vibrational frequency shifts was thoroughly analyze...
Mythologizing Memories: A Critique of the Utah Korean War Memorial

Abstract Since its fiftieth anniversary, memorialization of the Korean War has taken place in towns and cities across the United States. As a case study of this belated memory boom, this essay looks at the Utah Korean War Memorial, erected by local veterans in 2003 at Memory Grove Park, Salt Lake City. Situated in both the local and national contexts of remembrance, the memorial resonates largely with three mythical scripts, with themes of resilience, local pride , and the good war , all of which have allowed veterans to negotiate tensions between individual and collective memories. This case study reveals in particular how the official commemoration of the war has shifted local veterans9 rhetorical positions from potential witnesses of subversive realities of the war to uncritical negotiators whose legitimization of the very process of mythologizing memories has ultimately alienated them from their own experiences during and after the war.
Abstract LB-50: Street smarts: cancer education and outreach in the homeless community

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL In response to a year-long investigation of cancer among the homeless in Birmingham, AL, this presenter created an education program called “Street Smarts.” Findings from a focus group consisting of homeless women diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer revealed competing values (poor self-esteem and body image, limited health care resources, etc.) preventing individuals in this population from seeking diagnosis or treatment for cancer, even when free-of-charge options are available. Street Smarts brings together members of this underserved community for a day of pampering while educating them about breast cancer screening and health care alternatives. The program is funded in partnership with the North Central Alabama Susan G. Komen Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-50. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-50
Effect of nucleic acid amplification testing on detection of extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infections in men who have sex with men sexually transmitted disease clinic patients.

Background In 2010, the Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention recommended using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for extragenital gonorrhea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) testing because of NAATs' improved sensitivity compared with culture. Methods In 2011, the Public Health-Seattle & King County Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic introduced NAAT-based testing for extragenital GC and CT infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) using AptimaCombo2. We compared extragenital GC and CT test positivity and infection detection yields in the last year of culture-based testing (2010) to the first year of NAAT testing (2011). Results Test positivity of GC increased by 8% for rectal infections (9.0%-9.7%) and 12% for pharyngeal infections (5.8%-6.5%) from 2010 to 2011; CT test positivity increased 61% for rectal infections (7.4%-11.9%). Pharyngeal CT was identified in 2.3% of tested persons in 2011 (not tested in 2010). We calculated the ratio of extragenital cases per 100 urethral infections to adjust for a possible decline in GC/CT incidence in 2011; the GC rectal and pharyngeal ratios increased 77% and 66%, respectively, and the CT rectal ratio increased 127%. The proportion of infected persons with isolated extragenital infections (i.e., extragenital infections without urethral infection) increased from 43% in 2010 to 57% in 2011. Conclusions Extragenital testing with NAAT substantially increases the number of infected MSM identified with GC or CT infection and should continue to be promoted.
Current status of semen banking in the USA

Anonymous donor sperm banking has been a fundamental aspect of reproductive medicine for several decades. In 1987, >170,000 women in the USA were treated for infertility using artificial insemination. Current estimates suggest that the number of women seeking treatment for infertility has increased markedly since that time; however, there are no accurate, updated data to indicate the magnitude of that increase. Most anonymous donor sperm banks in the USA can be categorized as one of three types based upon administrative structure: (i) physician practice based; (ii) hospital/clinic based; or (iii) commercial corporations. Of these it is estimated that the most common structures are the physician office and hospital/clinic based banks. However, the largest (i.e. those processing the most units) are the for-profit corporate banks. A survey conducted in 1989 found that there were at least 135 sperm banks operating in the USA. More recent information indicates the number of banks to be somewhere between 50 and 150. Guidelines for anonymous donor sperm banking practices have been established by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and standards have been established by the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB). The AATB has recently established an inspection and accreditation programme and six anonymous donor banks have been accredited in the last few years. It is anticipated that mandatory registration of all donor banks will be required by the FDA in the near future with mandatory inspection and accreditation to follow shortly thereafter.
"Lennert's lymphoma" with transformation to malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type (immunoblastic sarcoma).

Two cases of a recently described lymphoproliferative disorder called “Lennert’s lymphoma” are presented. In both cases, the proliferation evolved into a frank malignant lymphoma of large lymphoid cells. This phenomenon has not been previously reported to occur in this disease. Immunohistologic study of the biopsy material in both cases suggests that it may be a T-cell proliferation. The possibility that “Lennert’s lymphoma” is not a neoplasm but an abnormal immune reaction with similarities to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is raised. Whatever its nature, the potential for “Lennert’s lymphoma” to transform into a frankly malignant tumor is documented.
DNA Mutation Analysis in Heterotaxy

Heterotaxy refers to the abnormal arrangement of internal organs in relation to each other. It is characterized by complex cardiac malformations that are thought to result from abnormal left-right patterning in early embryonic development. Mutations in four genes have been identified in human heterotaxy. ZIC3, a zinc finger transcription factor, causes X-linked heterotaxy. EGF-CFC, ACVR2B, and LEFTYA are all members of a transforming growth factor-beta signal transduction pathway that is critical for proper left-right development. Point mutations have been identified in each of these genes using polymerase chain reaction-based mutation analysis strategies. ZIC3 mutation screening will be used to illustrate the methods for molecular sequence data acquisition and examination. These techniques are applicable to any gene of interest and will be useful for further evaluation of candidate genes for heterotaxy.
Neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia and how it affects treatment options.

ObjectiveTo review the roles played by neurocognitive assessment in the treatment of schizophrenia and in the design of treatment research strategies.MethodA review of the literature and summaries ...
The global distribution of wild tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus L.; Asteraceae) cytotypes with twenty-seven new records from North America

Artemisia dracunculus (wild or Russian tarragon), is a polymorphic, herbaceous perennial with a widespread distribution that spans western North America, Eastern Europe and most temperate of Asia. This wild relative of the culinary herb French tarragon has recently been the focus of a number of studies which have investigated its medicinal activity in type 2 diabetes bioassays. The species is documented as having from diploid to decaploid cytotypes and chemical variation has previously been shown to occur between cytotypes. To help focus germplasm collecting efforts for ongoing studies on variation of medicinal compounds within the species, a literature review of the geographical occurrences of cytotypes was conducted. This review revealed a lack of records from North America. In order to fill in this gap in the cytogeographic distribution, meiotic chromosome counts and flow cytometry were used to determine the ploidy level of 27 individuals from 16 different populations throughout the western United States. The results revealed distinct patterns of cytotype distribution. Both diploids and polyploid cytotypes were found in Eurasia, and the distributional range of each cytotype was found to be increasingly restricted as ploidy increased. For North America, even with the inclusion of many new records, only diploid populations were documented, with the exception of one hexaploid record from Arizona which was found in the literature.
Institutions and Social Conflict: STABILITY AND CHANGE: CONFLICTS OVER FORMAL INSTITUTIONS

This process of spontaneous emergence produces the informal institutions constituting the foundation of society. By providing information about the anticipated behavior of social actors, these conventions and norms stabilize social expectations and structure social life. Because they are self-enforcing, the efficacy of these rules depends on the extent to which social actors find it in their self-interest to comply with them. There are many circumstances in which self-interest dictates either simple noncompliance or an effort to change the rule. If these circumstances become too pervasive, the stability of the informal institution will be threatened. Formal institutions are designed and created on this foundation of informal conventions and norms. In some cases, the formal rules are established as a way of stabilizing or changing existing informal rules. In other cases, the rules are created to structure those social interactions that lack an informal institutional framework. The most important of these are the rules created to structure collective decision making. Compliance with formal rules is reinforced by the sanctions of an external-enforcement mechanism. Thus, the creation of formal institutions introduces both law and the state into the structure of social life. The introduction of the state helps distinguish theories of institutional development and change. Such explanations can be characterized by a primary, if not an exclusive, focus on either formal or informal institutions.
Business and Breakthrough: Framing (Expanded) Genetic Carrier Screening for the Public

A growing body of research has given attention to issues surrounding genetic testing, including expanded carrier screening (ECS), an elective medical test that allows planning or expecting parents to consider the potential occurrence of genetic diseases and disorders in their children. These studies have noted the role of the mass media in driving public perceptions about such testing, giving particular attention to ways in which coverage of genetics and genetic testing broadly may drive public attitudes and choices concerning the morality, legality, ethics, and parental well-being involved in genetic technologies. However, few studies have explored how mass media are covering the newer test, ECS. Drawing on health-related framing studies that have shown in varying degrees the impact particular frames such as gain/loss and thematic/episodic can have on the public, this study examines the frame selection employed by online media in its coverage of ECS. This analysis-combined with an analysis of the sources and topics used in such coverage and how they relate to selected frames-helps to clarify how mass media are covering an increasingly important medical test and offers considerations of how such coverage may inform mass media scholarship as well as health-related practices.
Impact of laminations and natural fractures on rock failure in Brazilian experiments: A case study on Green River and Niobrara formations

Abstract Natural fractures and laminations are common features in many unconventional resources which require hydraulic fracturing for economic production. To better understand the effect of such features on rock failure, we have conducted indirect tensile or Brazilian testing on several rock samples from Green River and Niobrara formations. Brazilian experiments were conducted at various orientations of laminations or natural fractures with respect to the loading direction. In contrast to isotropic rocks, we observed that rock failure can occur away from the vertical central line of rock parallel to lamination or natural fracture when the approaching angle between the lamination and loading direction is less than 30° in the tested samples. It was also determined that the tensile strength parallel to laminations or calcite-filled fractures is lower than the tensile strength perpendicular to lamination and/or the natural fractures; for instance the tensile strength of Niobara calcite-filled fractures were almost one third of the rock matrix.
Strengthening Space Trusses by Diagonal Removal

Ideally a space truss is composed of bars each of which is suited to the load it carries. In practice, however, it is more convenient to use a limited number of bar sizes, thus only a few of the me...
Droplet ejection and sliding on a flapping film

Water recovery and subsequent reuse are required for human consumption as well as industrial, and agriculture applications. Moist air streams, such as cooling tower plumes and fog, represent opportunities for water harvesting. In this work, we investigate a flapping mechanism to increase droplet shedding on thin, hydrophobic films for two vibrational cases (e.g., ± 9 mm and 11 Hz; ± 2 mm and 100 Hz). Two main mechanisms removed water droplets from the flapping film: vibrational-induced coalescence/sliding and droplet ejection from the surface. Vibrations mobilized droplets on the flapping film, increasing the probability of coalescence with neighboring droplets leading to faster droplet growth. Droplet departure sizes of 1–2 mm were observed for flapping films, compared to 3–4 mm on stationary films, which solely relied on gravity for droplet removal. Additionally, flapping films exhibited lower percentage area coverage by water after a few seconds. The second removal mechanism, droplet ejection was analy...
Bohemia: Introduction and Classic Prototypes

This chapter offers a basic introduction to the bohemian tradition, and discusses historical research on classic nineteenth century Parisian bohemias and the bohemian avant-garde. It also summarizes research describing America’s own classic bohemia, early twentieth century Greenwich Village.