cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renal Transplantation Update Series Editor: V. Ram Peddi and M. Roy First: Recent Advances in Immunosuppressive Therapy for Renal Transplantation

Recent advances in immunosuppression have focused on more effective, safer, and targeted therapies that have resulted in improved short- and intermediate-term renal allograft survival. During the past decade there has been a marked decrease in acute rejection rates following renal transplantation because of the use of newer immunosuppressive agents. Recent data indicate that the average yearly reduction in the relative hazard of graft failure beyond 1 year was 4.2% for all recipients (0.4% for those recipients who had an acute rejection episode and 6.3% for those who did not have an acute rejection). Despite these improvements the currently available immunosuppressive agents are associated with significant cardiovascular risk factors, an increased risk of infection, and the development of malignancies in the long term. Predictive parameters of donor-specific hyporesponsiveness are needed so as to allow identification of patients in whom immunosuppressive therapy can be safely reduced. Immunosuppressive agents that have recently been approved for use in the United States and those that are in clinical and preclinical studies are discussed.
Multivariable Model Predictive Control of Thin Film Surface Roughness and Slope for Light Trapping Optimization

This work focuses on the development of a multivariable model predictive controller that simultaneously regulates thin film surface roughness and mean slope to optimize light reflectance and transmittance during thin film manufacturing by manipulating substrate temperature and deposition rate. Surface roughness and surface slope are defined as the root-mean-squares of the surface height profile and the surface slope profile, respectively. The dynamics of the evolution of the thin film surface height profile are assumed to be described by an Edwards-Wilkinson-type equation (a second-order stochastic partial differential equation) in two spatial dimensions. Analytical solutions of the expected surface roughness and surface slope are obtained on the basis of the Edwards-Wilkinson equation and are used in the controller design. The model parameters of the Edwards-Wilkinson equation depend on the substrate temperature and deposition rate. This dependence is used in the formulation of the predictive controller to predict the influence of the control action on the surface roughness and slope at the end of the growth process. The model predictive controller involves constraints on the magnitude and rate of change of the control action and optimizes a cost that involves penalty on both surface roughness and mean slope from the set-point values. The controller is applied to the two-dimensional Edwards-Wilkinson equation and is shown to successfully regulate surface roughness and mean slope to set-point values at the end of the deposition that yield desired film reflectance and transmittance.
A reinterpretation of the Early Devonian land plant, Bitelaria Istchenko and Istchenko, 1979, based on new material from New Brunswick, Canada

Abstract A new occurrence of the Devonian land plant Bitelaria dubjanskii Istchenko and Istchenko is introduced. New findings are made possible through the use of microtome thin-sectioning and Nomarski optics and also by the abundance and excellent preservation of the fossils. The genus and species diagnoses are revised: Donotela fistulata Istchenko and Istchenko is placed into synonymy with Bitelaria. New interpretations are made regarding Bitelaria's morphology, phylogenetic affinity, growth habit and the functions of some of its specialized structures. In addition to vascular tissue and a cuticular epithelium, six basic types of structural entities are described: three types of axes, lobes and clavate structures (functioning as dormant apices), and cuticular eruptions (possible lenticel-like structures). These features result in a distinctive external morphology for Bitelaria relative to other tracheophytes.Presence of tracheids allows its placement in Tracheophyta incertae sedis.
Performance of polyoxymethylene plastic (POM) as a component of a tissue engineering bioreactor

Polyoxymethylene (POM, acetal homopolymer, polyacetal), commercialized as Delrin by DuPont, is an engineering resin with mechanical properties that make it useful for the prototyping and manufacture of laboratory apparatus. These properties include excellent, "metal-like," machining characteristics and dimensional stability, as well as thermal stability, which allows steam sterilization. Historically, POM has been used widely, including as a surgical implant material. For these reasons, we have used this plastic as a media-wetted component in a tissue-engineering bioreactor, with good results. However, a study by LaIuppa et al.5 suggested that POM is unsuitable for use in a cell culture environment (LaIuppa et al. J Biomed Mater Res 1997;36:347-359). POM is based on the polymerization of formaldehyde, and, in addition, contains stabilizers and/or fillers. All of these could potentially be released into the medium, e.g., as formaldehyde or other thermal breakdown products, especially upon repeated autoclaving. The cited report thus appeared plausible, although contrary to our observations. In this study, we specifically assessed whether media conditioned by long-term exposure to machined white POM had a negative effect on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We selected this cell system, as cartilage tissue engineering is the primary application of our bioreactor system. The POM samples were steam-autoclaved 1 to 20 times, to assess the possibility of any toxic thermal breakdown product release into the media. We found that MSCs did not attach directly to machined POM. Because cells that escape from the tissue construct cannot colonize the reactor and compete for nutrients, this is a desirable characteristic of a material used in a tissue-engineering bioreactor. Furthermore, the use of POM-conditioned media had no detectable impact on the proliferation rate of MSCs measured over a one-week period; nor was any effect on chondrogenic differentiation observed at up to 3 weeks in culture. In summary, the use of POM as a culture medium-wetted component appears to be innocuous, at least for human MSCs. The contrast of these findings to those of LaIuppa et al.5 may reflect a cell-type specific sensitivity, or may be due to different handling of the material.
Government Growth in the United States

For American politicians, big government is a perennial issue. Scholars, however, have neglected it. In fact, systematic knowledge about the causes of government growth in the United States is virtually absent. Here we first formulate a "hybrid" model of government growth, borrowing from popular theories of public policy. Then, we estimate the model using annual time series data, 1932-80. In general, government size in the United States is viewed as a function of group demands, elite preferences, and mass support. In particular, government in the United States seems to have expanded in response to the influences of national defense commitment, foreign trade, economic hardship, demographic change, Democratic politicians, and a risk-aversive public. Of these influences, the international ones appear especially important. Overall, the ensemble of variables manages to predict the pattern of government growth in twentieth-century America quite well.
Multichip module testing methodologies: what's in; what's not

The multichip module (MCM) is rapidly finding its way into the design of commercial electronic systems. The MCM offers this market opportunities for increasing performance, lowering size and weight, lowering power requirements, lowering costs, and improving the functionality per unit area. These characteristics are much too attractive to pass up and thus has begun a headlong rush to create designs using this wonderful new invention. Therefore, the most important element in the cost-effective manufacturing of multichip modules is the accurate diagnosis of defects. This must include the location and cause of manufacturing defects (shorts, opens, wrong component, etc.), functional defects, and performance or timing defects. Surprisingly, such test methods exist and are being used today. The only difficulty with these techniques is that the module designers must be willing to sacrifice some freedom in their designs to meet the testability requirements of the diagnostic methods chosen. Admittedly, this can be a difficult hurdle to overcome; but overcome it we must in order to produce truly high-quality, low-cost modules.
Simultaneous learning of motion and sensor model parameters for mobile robots

Motion and sensor models are crucial components in current algorithms for mobile robot localization and mapping. These models are typically provided and hand-tuned by a human operator and are often derived from intensive and careful calibration experiments and the operator's knowledge and experience with the robot and its operating environment. In this paper, we demonstrate how the parameters of both the motion and sensor models can be automatically estimated during normal robot operations via machine learning methods thereby eliminating the necessity of manually tuning these models through a laborious calibration process. Results from real-world robotic experiments are presented that show the effectiveness of the estimation approach.
Analysis Architecture of a Mobile Sports Replay System

mReplay (short for "mobile replay") is a solution to an intriguing problem: Individuals attending sporting events have less information than those watching the same game on television. On television commentators discuss what is happening and plays can be replayed. In football, for example, controversial plays are often replayed in slow motion as the commentators explain the rules and what they think applies in a given situation. At many sporting events, there is no commentator to discuss what happened and there is often no replay e.g. baseball. mReplay is a patent-pending information system that provides ondemand instant sports replay and traditional media convergence functionality to most mobile devices by capturing and processing a television signal. Devices include non-3G mobile phones, PDAs, the new Sony PSP, and mobile devices without video playback. mReplay also allows users to vote during the sporting event: For example, for their favorite play of the game, or on whether an officiating call was accurate, or for their favorite player. All of this can be done from the mobile device.
A Low-Power 5GHz Transceiver in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS for OFDM Applications with Sub-mm2 Area

A 5 GHz direct conversion transceiver is fabricated in a 0.13 mum CMOS process for WLAN 802.11a applications. The transmitter achieves -56 dBc LO leakage, -36 dBc sideband rejection, -43 dBc 3rd harmonic suppression at 5.4 GHz, and an EVM of 3.4% at 5.1 GHz with 60 mW power consumption. The receiver achieves 3.3 dB NF, 27 dB conversion gain, -12 dBm IIP3, and a measured 1/f noise corner of 110 kHz with 36 mW power consumption from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The active area was 0.9 mm2.
Abstract Verilog: A Hardware Description Language for Novice Students

All modern hardware design makes use of hardware description languages like Verilog and VHDL. Thus these languages are presented very early in the curriculum, often in the first design course. Unfortunately, these languages often cause substantial confusion for students learning hardware design, particularly students that have experience writing programs in sequential languages like C and Java. To address this problem, we have defined a language called Abstract Verilog which is similar to Verilog, but which has well-defined, clean parallel execution semantics. Abstract Verilog has a somewhat restricted syntax in order to reduce the cognitive load for new students. However, almost any program that can be written in Verilog can be written in Abstract Verilog, where it is shorter and easier to understand. We have used Abstract Verilog successfully in both introductory and advanced design classes.
Shallow-water sound transmission measurements on the New Jersey continental shelf

Calibrated acoustic measurements were made under calm sea state conditions on the New Jersey shelf near the AM COR 6010 borehole, a surveyed area with known geophysical properties. The experiment was conducted in 73 m water with supporting measurements of salinity, temperature, and sound speed. Acoustic measurements were obtained with a vertical array of 24 hydrophones spaced equally at 2.5m intervals; one of which was near the bottom. A source towed at 1/2 the water depth transmitted one of two sets of four tones spaced between 50 and 600 Hz for each run to ranges of 4 and 26 km. The data were processed with both a Hankel transform and a high resolution Doppler technique to yield horizontal wave-number spectrum at several depths. Results were obtained along both constant and gradually varying depth profiles. Similar modal interference patterns were observed at the lower frequencies. The constant depth-profile radial results were compared to calculations performed with several shallow water acoustic models using geoacoustic profiles derived from geophysical parameters and shear wave inversion methods. Calculated and measured sound transmission results were found to agree.
Effect of Therapist Expectations and Need for Approval on Self-Disclosure.

Previous therapy analogue studies of self-disclosure have treated Ss as a homogeneous group without examining possibly relevant S variables. In the present study, 68 female students identified as high or low in need for approval listened to a tape-recorded interview between a high self-disclosing therapist and a female client under one of two therapist expectation conditions: Clear expectation of high self-disclosure vs. ambiguous expectation. Ss then indicated on the Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire the degrees to which they would be willing to disclose to the therapist. It was predicted that high need for approval Ss would disclose most under the clear expectation condition, while low need for approval Ss would not be affected by the therapist expectation. A significant Need Approval X Therapist expectation interaction supported this prediction. Further analysis indicated that items for the Work, Money, and Personality subsections of the disclosure questionnaire contributed most to the interaction. Implications for differential treatment of high need for approval Ss who were entering therapy were discussed.
MODIL cryocooler producibility demonstration project results

The production of large quantities of spacecraft needed by SDIO will require a cultural change in design and production practices. Low rates production and the need for exceedingly high reliability has driven the industry to custom designed, hand crafted, and exhaustively tested satellites. These factors have mitigated against employing design and manufacturing cost reduction methods commonly used in tactical missile production. Additional challenges to achieving production efficiencies are presented by the SDI spacecraft mission requirement. IR sensor systems, for example, are comprised of subassemblies and components that require the design, manufacture, and maintenance of ultra precision tolerances over challenging operational lifetimes. These IR sensors demand the use of reliable, closed loop, cryogenic refrigerators or active cryocoolers to meet stringent system acquisition and pointing requirements. The authors summarize some spacecraft cryocooler requirements and discuss observations regarding Industry`s current production capabilities of cryocoolers. The results of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Spacecraft Fabrication and Test (SF and T) MODIL`s Phase I producibility demonstration project is presented.
POU domain factors in neural development.

Transcription factors serve critical roles in the progressive development of general body plan, organ commitment, and finally, specific cell types. Comparison of the biological roles of a series of individual members within a family permits some generalizations to be made regarding the developmental events that are likely to be regulated by a particular class of transcription factors. Here, we evidence that the developmental functions of the family of transcription factors characterized by the POU DNA binding motif exerts roles in mammalian development.
Why paper mills clean up : determinants of pollution abatement in four Asian countries

The authors find strong evidence that despite weak or nonexistent formal regulation and enforcement of environmental standards, many plants in South and Southeast Asia are clean. At the same time, many plants are among the world's worst polluters. To account for the extreme variation among plants, the authors review evidence from a survey of pollution abatement by 26 pulp and paper plants in four countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, and Thailand. They incorporate 3 sets of factors affecting pollution intensity: plant characteristics, economic considerations, and external pressure from the government and private stakeholders. They find that the level of pollution abatement is positively associated with scale and competitiveness, negatively associated with public ownership, and unaffected by foreign links (in ownership or financing). Informal regulation, or community pressure on plants works to abate pollution, with high income being a powerful predictor of effectiveness. Privatization, to the extent that it increases plant efficiency, can significantly improve environmental performance. To prevent environmental injustice in poor or marginalized communities, the authors conclude, governments may want to consider strategies for improving their participation, and may want to target regulation to address pollution problems among them.
Performance analysis of iris based identification system at the matching score level

We analyze the performance of an iris based recognition system. We consider a practical setting where matching scores are accessible for collecting data. We assume that multiple scans from the same iris are available and design the decision rules based on this assumption. We show that vectors of matching scores are described by a Gaussian model with dependent components both under the genuine and imposter hypotheses. Two test statistics: the average Hamming distance and the log-likelihood ratio are designed. We show that the log-likelihood ratio with well estimated maximum likelihood parameters in it outperforms the first test statistic. We further use an empirical approach, Chernoff bound, and large deviations approach to predict the performance of the recognition system.
Similarity of mammalian body size across the taxonomic hierarchy and across space and time.

Abstract: Although it is commonly assumed that closely related animals are similar in body size, the degree of similarity has not been examined across the taxonomic hierarchy. Moreover, little is known about the variation or consistency of body size patterns across geographic space or evolutionary time. Here, we draw from a data set of terrestrial, nonvolant mammals to quantify and compare patterns across the body size spectrum, the taxonomic hierarchy, continental space, and evolutionary time. We employ a variety of statistical techniques including “sib‐sib” regression, phylogenetic autocorrelation, and nested ANOVA. We find an extremely high resemblance (heritability) of size among congeneric species for mammals over ∼18 g; the result is consistent across the size spectrum. However, there is no significant relationship among the body sizes of congeneric species for mammals under ∼18 g. We suspect that life‐history and ecological parameters are so tightly constrained by allometry at diminutive size that ...
Instruction path coprocessors

This paper presents the concept of an Instruction Path Coprocessor (I-COP), which is a programmable on-chip coprocessor, with its own mini-instruction set, that operates on the core processor's instructions to transform them into an internal format that can be more efficiently executed. It is located off the critical path of the core processor to ensure that it does not negatively impact the core processor's cycle time or pipeline depth. An I-COP is highly versatile and can be used to implement different types of instruction transformations to enhance the IPC of the core processor. We study four potential applications of the I-COP to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept and investigate the design issues of such a coprocessor. A prototype instruction set for the I-COP is presented along with an implementation framework that facilitates achieving high I-COP performance. Initial results indicate that the I-COP is able to efficiently implement the trace cache fill unit as well as the register move, stride data prefetching and linked data structure prefetching trace optimizations.
Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNAs in various non-reproductive human tissues

Recently, cloning of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor from the human breast tumor cell line (MCF-7) and from an ovarian tumor, and its expression in various other human tumors, tumor cell lines and reproductive organs have been reported (Kakar et al., Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 106 (1994) 145-149). In the present studies, we investigated the expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor mRNAs in normal human non-reproductive tissues. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques and specific oligonucleotide primers derived from the placental GnRH cDNA sequence, PCR products of the expected size were obtained from human liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, placenta, and pituitary. The authenticity of the PCR products was confirmed by Southern blot analysis with an internal oligonucleotide primer as probe. Similarly, using specific oligonucleotide primers for the GnRH receptor selected from the human pituitary GnRH receptor cDNA sequence, PCR products of the expected size were amplified from human liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, placenta, and pituitary, and these strongly hybridized with the human GnRH receptor cDNA on Southern blot. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products for the GnRH and GnRH receptor from heart revealed identical sequences when compared to the human placental GnRH and pituitary GnRH receptor cDNAs, respectively. These data demonstrate for the first time the existence of GnRH and GnRH receptor mRNAs in normal human non-reproductive tissues and suggest that GnRH and its receptor may play an important role in the regulation of cellular functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner, in addition to regulating the secretion of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary.
Linear Least-Squares Estimation of Discrete-Time Stationary Processes by Means of Backward Innovations

There has lately been a considerable interest in fast algorithms for recursive linear least squares estimation. This is clearly witnessed by a series of recent papers by Casti, Kalaba and Murthy [1], Rissanen [2], Casti and Tse [3], Kailath [4,5,6], and Lindquist [7,8,9], to just mention some contributions related to the work presented in this paper. Among these [1,3,4,5,8,9] concern stochastic processes in continuous time, while [2,6,7,9] deal with discrete-time processes. For an account on the relation between these papers, among which [4,5,6,7,8] and to a certain extent [3] are concerned with Kalman-Bucy filtering,we refer the reader to [9] where we also try to clarify the connections between these recent results and some classical results in filtering [10,11,12], the theory of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle [13,14,15] and the theory of Fredholm integral equations [16,17,18,19].
ASIAN-AMERICAN MEN'S ACCULTURATION AND GENDER-ROLE CONFLICT

There is limited research on Asian-Americans' acculturation and conflicts with contemporary gender roles. This research assessed three samples of Asian-American men's acculturation and gender-role conflict. Differences between Chinese-American, Japanese-American, and Korean-American men's acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict were analyzed. The relationship of demographic and acculturation variables to gender-role conflict was also calculated. Subjects (N = 125) were administered a demographic questionnaire, the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identity Acculturation Scale, and the Gender-role Conflict Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no differences between the Asian-American groups on acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict. A canonical correlation analysis indicated one significant variate connecting acculturation with two patterns of issues of gender-role conflict: success, power, and competition and restrictive emotionality. Methodological limitations and research are mentioned.
Hypertension, perceived clinician empathy, and patient self‐disclosure

The purpose of this study was to compare groups of outpatient hypertensive and diabetic patients to a control group (no known chronic illnesses) on their perceptions of clinician empathy and the importance and difficulty of disclosing information about themselves to health care providers. It was hypothesized that hypertensives would differ from the other groups in perceiving less clinician empathy and in attributing less importance, but greater difficulty, to self-disclosing. The sample was 54 hypertensives, 47 diabetics, and 115 nonchronically ill patients. Each subject completed the Empathy scale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and a patient self-disclosure questionnaire. The empathy hypothesis was supported but the self-disclosure hypotheses were not. Hypertensive patients differed from other patients in perceiving the least clinician empathy and in attributing the greatest importance to discussing their responses to health care.
Hope for insulin mimetic oral antidiabetic drugs.

The discovery of insulin at the beginning of this century was a major breakthrough in medicine, and initiated a new era in our understanding and treatment of diabetes. Nonetheless, diabetic patients who require insulin are still confronted with the discomfort of multiple subcutaneous injections or continuous insulin infusions. Recently, Moller’s group (1) has discovered a small molecule that binds to the intracellular b-subunit of the insulin receptor and mimics the effects of insulin. This compound is a non-peptidyl fungal metabolite which can be given orally, and exerts antidiabetic effects in mice. These findings, even though preliminary, raise the hope for new insulin-like oral drugs. During the past 77 years over which insulin has been given to diabetic patients, there have been many improvements in the preparation and the mode of administration. Molecular biology made the production of recombinant human insulin possible, and modern chemistry enabled the development of long-acting, and recently of very short-acting insulin formulations. These advances proved to be very useful in order to achieve tight glycemic control. Additionally, insulin pens provide patients with convenient injection devices and external insulin infusion pumps help control type 1 diabetic patients more easily and reduce the number of injections. Over the last few years, an increasing number of patients have undergone pancreas transplantation for a definitive cure of their type 1 diabetes. However, significant risks due to surgery and to lifelong immunosuppression are associated with this major invasive procedure. For type 2 diabetic patients, several different classes of oral antidiabetic drugs have been developed including the new class of insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinediones. These drugs have provided glycemic control for many non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. But once type 2 diabetic patients progress to a more advanced stage of the disease and require insulin, they are left with the same limited options of insulin administration as type 1 diabetic patients. There have been a number of efforts to find novel routes for insulin administration in order to provide more comfort to the patient and to ensure higher compliance. At this year’s American Diabetes Association meeting in San Diego, California, major approaches such as the development of inhaled insulin and of oral insulin by chemical modification and the screening for insulin mimetic substances were presented. A variety of inhaled insulin systems have been tested with the
Knife-Edge or Plateau: When Do Market Models Tip?

This paper studies whether agents must agglomerate at a single location in a class of models of two-sided interaction. In these models there is an increasing returns effect that favors agglomeration, but also a crowding or market-impact effect that makes agents prefer to be in a market with fewer agents of their own type. We show that such models do not tip in the way the term is commonly used. Instead, they have a broad plateau of equilibria with two active markets, and tipping occurs only when one market is below a critical size threshold. Our assumptions are fairly weak, and are satisfied in Krugman's model of labor market pooling, a heterogeneous-agent version of Pagano's asset market model, and Ellison, Fudenberg, and Mobius' model of competing auctions. I. INTRODUCTION Many economic activities are agglomerated: people are crowded into a small fraction of the Earth's land mass; individual industries are geographically concentrated; trading is concen- trated in a few marketplaces. The standard way to account for concentration (and the arbitrariness of where activity concen- trates) has been to propose "tipping models" with three equilibria: one with most activity at location A; one with most activity at B; and an unstable "knife-edge" equilibrium with exactly half of the activity in each market. At the core of most models of agglomeration is some type of increasing returns or "scale effect" that favors the emergence of a single dominant site. In some of these models, all agents are ex ante identical, and they all prefer to be part of the larger market. In such cases, it is clear that an equilibrium where all markets are exactly the same size is an unstable knife-edge; every agent would rather be in a market with 51 percent of the agents than in a market with 49 percent, so any departure from exactly equal sizes leads to "tipping" to a single site. In other models, there are differences between the agents, and while all agents prefer larger markets, they also prefer markets where the other agents are less like themselves. For example, firms like markets with an excess of workers, upstream firms like markets with many downstream
A fast resample method for parametric and semiparametric models

Abstract We propose a fast resample method for two step nonlinear parametric and semiparametric models, which does not require recomputation of the second stage estimator during each resample iteration. The fast resample method directly exploits the score function representations computed on each bootstrap sample, thereby reducing computational time considerably. This method is used to approximate the limit distribution of parametric and semiparametric estimators, possibly simulation based, that admit an asymptotic linear representation. Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate the desirable performance and vast improvement in the numerical speed of the fast bootstrap method.
Do plant trichomes cause more harm than good to predatory insects

Plants use trichomes as a morphological defense against attacks from herbivores. The literature was reviewed to test the hypothesis that trichome-bearing (pubescent) plants do not cause more harm than good to predators. Forty seven records on interactions between plant trichomes and predatory insects were found. Overall, the records reveal that trichomes have more harmful than beneficial effects on predators. Fortunately, most harmful effects are sublethal; they usually affect movement, development, oviposition and predation potential. In worst cases, sticky exudates from glandular trichomes entrap predators. The hooked tips on non-glandular trichomes impale predators. Entrapped and impaled predators often die from desiccation or starvation. Plant cultivars with high (rather than low) trichome density cause the most harm, and trichomes on tomato and some beans often cause more harm than good to predatory beetles, true bugs and lacewings. Whether these harmful effects have a net negative effect on plant fitness is poorly known and ripe for study. When developing and testing cultivars with increased trichome-based resistance to herbivory, the question as to whether these technologies are compatible with the functional role of those predators (single or combined species) capable of suppressing herbivore populations should be considered.
Residual Stresses Due to Rigid Cylinder Indentation and Rolling at a Very High Rolling Load

In this paper, residual stresses due to indentation and rolling of a rigid cylinder on a finite plate at a very high rolling load with a relative peak pressure of 22 are examined by two-dimensional plane strain finite element analyses using abaqus for the first time. In the finite element analyses, the roller is modeled as rigid and has frictionless contact with the finite plate. The geometry of the finite plate and its boundary conditions are assigned to correspond to those of fillet rolling of crankshafts with the constraint in the rolling direction. Finite element analyses with different meshes for single indentation on an elastic flat plate under plane strain conditions are first carried out, and the results are benchmarked with those of the elastic Hertzian solutions to establish the requirement of the finite element meshes for acceptable numerical results. The results show that the accuracy of computational results is limited by the discretization of the finite element analysis by a plot of the contact width as a function of the load. For accurate peak pressure, a total of at least eight linear elements are needed. Finite element analyses with different meshes for single indentation on an elastic–plastic flat plate under plane strain conditions are then carried out. The plate material is modeled as an elastic–plastic power-law strain hardening material with a nonlinear kinematic hardening rule for loading and unloading. The computational results are compared to establish the requirement of the finite element meshes for acceptable numerical results within 4 mm distance to the rolling surface for the crankshaft fatigue analyses. The computational results for rolling at the relative peak pressure of 22 show that the symmetric Hertzian or modified Hertzian pressure distribution should not be used to represent the contact pressure distribution for rolling simulation, while the computational results for rolling at the relative peak pressure of 5 show that the symmetric Hertzian or modified Hertzian pressure distribution may be used to represent the contact pressure distribution for rolling simulation. The computational results for the rolling case also show a significantly higher longitudinal compressive residual stress and a lower out-of-plane compressive residual stress along the contact surface when compared to those for the single indentation case. The results suggest that the effects of rolling must be accounted for when two-dimensional finite element analyses of crankshaft sections are used to investigate the residual stresses due to fillet rolling of the crankshafts under the prescribed roller loads. Due to the boundary conditions of the finite plate, the compressive residual stresses are larger when compared to those when the boundary conditions of the finite plate are fully relaxed.
Investigation of the Na 23 ( p , γ ) Mg 24 and Na 23 ( p , α ) Ne 20 reactions via ( He 3 , d ) spectroscopy

States near the $^{23}\mathrm{Na}+p$ threshold in $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ were investigated using the $^{23}\mathrm{Na}(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction over the angular range of $5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\leqslant}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}\ensuremath{\leqslant}35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ at $E(^{3}\mathrm{He})=20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$. Spectroscopic factors were extracted for states corresponding to resonances in the $^{23}\mathrm{Na}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{23}\mathrm{Na}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reactions. We find that one state, corresponding to a previously unobserved resonance at ${E}_{\mathrm{c.m.}}=138\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$, may make a significant contribution to the rates of both reactions at low temperatures. Another state, corresponding to a possible resonance at ${E}_{\mathrm{c.m.}}=37\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$ may make a small contribution to the $^{23}\mathrm{Na}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction. New rates for the $^{23}\mathrm{Na}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{23}\mathrm{Na}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reactions are presented and the astrophysical implications are discussed.
The interatomic potential in liquid4He

In this paper we examine the validity of and consider alternatives to the traditional Lennard-Jones (6, 12) potential as applied to liquid4He. We find the Lennard-Jones potential to be subject to a number of serious defects, the worst among them that it does not satisfy the virial theorem. In its place we propose to use the Morse-VDD potential function, which has none of the flaws in the Lennard-Jones potential and has the convenient feature of possessing a Fourier transform. The parameters appropriate to liquid4He are computed for the new potential as are a number of quantities derivable from it which are of current theoretical interest. A comparison is made between the values of these quantities as they are obtained using both potential functions.
Boguslavskii, Private International Law: The Soviet Approach

Review of M.M.BOGUSLAVSKlI, Private International Law: The Soviet Approach, Law in Eastern Europe series, No. 35, translated by D. Winter and W.B. Simons, Martinus Nijhoff Pub., Dordrecht 1988.
Mortality gap between people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and the general population persists in England.

### Question Has the risk of mortality in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder remained elevated compared with the general population in recent years? ### Population All people with schizophrenia (n=272 248) and bipolar disorder (n=100 851) discharged after hospital inpatient care from 1999 to 2006. ### Setting Inpatient hospital episode statistics in England and death registration data from the Office of National Statistics; from 1999 to 2007. ### Prognostic factors Schizophrenia (international classification of diseases (ICD-10) or bipolar disorder (ICD-10) as the principal diagnosis on the hospital discharge record. ### Outcomes Mortality within 1 year of discharge from psychiatric inpatient care. Causes of death were determined from death certificates (ICD-10). Deaths were classified as unnatural (suicide or deaths from undetermined intent) or natural. Natural deaths were broadly classified as being from respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer or accidents. Age and sex standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated, comparing mortality in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with mortality in the general population. Standardisation used the indirect method, with the sex and age-specific mortalities …
First-Principles Study of Redox End Members in Lithium−Sulfur Batteries

The properties of the solid-phase redox end members, α-S, β-S, Li2S, and Li2S2, are expected to strongly influence the performance of lithium−sulfur batteries. Never- theless, the fundamental thermodynamic and electronic properties of these phases remain poorly understood. From a computational standpoint, the absence of these data can be explained by the omission of long-ranged van der Waals interactions in conventional density functionals; these interactions are essential for describing the molecular-crystal nature of S-based compounds. Here we apply van der Waals augmented density functional theory (vdW-DF), quasi-particle methods (G0W0), and continuum solvation techniques to predict several structural, thermodynamic, spectroscopic, electronic, and surface characteristics of these phases. The stability of the α allotrope of sulfur at low temperatures is confirmed by calculating the sulfur phase diagram. Similarly, the stability of lithium persulfide, Li2S2, a compound whose presence may limit capacity, was assessed by comparing the energies of several hypothetical A2B2 crystal structures. In all cases Li2S2 is predicted to be unstable with respect to a two-phase mixture of Li2S and α-S, suggesting that Li2S2 is a metastable phase. Regarding surface properties, the stable surfaces and equilibrium crystallite shapes of Li2S and α-S were predicted in the presence and absence of a continuum solvation field intended to mimic the effect of a dimethoxyethane (DME)-based electrolyte. In the case of Li2S, the equilibrium crystallites are comprised entirely of stoichiometric (111) surfaces, while for α-S a complex mixture of several facets is predicted. Finally, G0W0 calculations reveal that all of α-S, β-S, Li2S, and Li2S2 are insulators with band gaps greater than 2.5 eV.
Ab Initio Kinetics for the Decomposition of Hydroxybutyl and Butoxy Radicals of n-Butanol

The decomposition kinetics of the hydroxybutyl and butoxy radicals (C4H9O) arising via H abstraction from n-butanol were studied theoretically with ab initio transition-state-theory-based master equation analyses. Stationary points on the C4H9O potential energy surface were calculated at either the RQCISD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level or the RQCISD(T)/CBS//CASPT2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. Unimolecular pressure- and temperature-dependent rate coefficients were calculated over broad ranges of temperature (300-2500 K) and pressure (1.3 × 10(-3) to 10(2) atm) by solving the time-dependent multiple-well master equation. The "well merging" phenomenon was observed and analyzed for its influence on the branching ratios and rate coefficients. The theoretical predictions were compared with the available experimental and theoretical data and any discrepancies were analyzed. The predicted rate coefficients are represented with forms that may readily be used in combustion modeling of n-butanol.
ABO Compatibility in Lung Transplantation

evidence of higher LTx morbidity-mortality with lungs providing by suicidal hanging. Methods: All lung transplantation performed at Foch hospital between January 2010 and July 2015 were analyzed outcomes of LTx to compare hanging donors (Hanging group) with donors having other cause of death (Control group). Results: During this period 299 LT were performed and divided in 2 groups: Hanging group (N= 20) and Control group (N= 279). Donor characteristics did not differ in age, sex, time on mechanical ventilation before retrieval, PO2/FIO2 ratio, smoking history, chest Xray or bronchial secretion. Recipient diagnoses did not differ significantly between the both groups. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) at 72 hours was no statistically significant between Hanging group (PGD 0-1 70%, PGD 2 20% and PGD 3 10%) and Control group (PGD 0-1 61%, PGD 2 23% and PGD 3 16%) Median of post-operative mechanical ventilation duration (1 [range, 0-84] vs 1 [range, 0-435] days), intensive care unit stays (7 [range, 2-66] vs 7 [range, 2-91] days), and total hospital lengths of stay (31 [range, 20-84] vs 32 [range, 12-410] days) did not differ significantly between the two groups. The percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second at 6 months and 12 months were comparable in both groups (6 months, p= 0,94; 12 months, p= 0,05). No statistically significant differences were found on the survival between Hanging group and the Control group with respectively at 1 year (83% and 85%) and 2 years (75% and 80%) (p= 0,76). Conclusion: The LT outcomes are not different between hanging donors and the others cause of death. Hanging donors should be considered as conventional donors.
Analysis on intervention effects of OHSAS18000 and WHP on lead pollution in a lead storage battery factory

Objective To evaluate the intervention effects of workplace health promotion( WHP) and the occupation safety and health management system( OHSAS18000) intervention effect to lead pollution in a lead-acid battery production enterprise. Methods A lead-acid battery production enterprise and an occupational exposure group were selected as the research objects,the workplace lead smoke( dust) levels and blood lead level of the exposed workers were detected respectively in early production period( 2001-2002),OHSAS18000( 2003-2009) and WHP period( 2010-2012). Results During the initial stage of production,OHSAS and WHP,the time weighted average concentration( CTWA) of lead dust were 0. 06,0. 05 and 0. 03 mg /m3,and the CTWAof lead smoke were 0. 06,0. 04 and 0. 02 mg /m3. During WHP,the CTWAof lead dust and lead smoke were lower than those at the initial stage of production and OHSAS stage( P 0. 05).The qualified rate of workplace lead smoke( dust) in WHP period( 75. 61%) was higher than those of early production period and OHSAS period( 34. 09%,53. 33%,P 0. 01). The lead blood level in WHP period [( 0. 69 ± 0. 12) μmol /L]was lower than those of early production period [( 1. 08 ± 0. 30) μmol /L]and OHSAS period [( 1. 11 ± 0. 21) μmol /L]( P 0.01). The qualified rate of the population exposure to lead in WHP period( 99.91%) was higher than those of the early production period and OHSAS periods( 88. 21%,94. 34%,P 0. 01). The observation object detection rates in WHP period( 0. 09%) was lower than those in the early production period and OHSAS period( 5. 20%,11. 34%,P 0. 01). The suspected lead poisoning detection rate in WHP period( 0. 00%) was lower than those of early production period and OHSAS period( 0. 45%,0. 46%,P 0. 01). Conclusion The implementation of WHP on the basis of OHSAS18000 in lead-acid battery production enterprises to control lead pollution is beneficial to the prevention and control of lead poisoning,and to the protection of the workers' health.
Cardiac injury markers and a failed algorithm: can accurate assessment of acute myocardial infarction be cost effective?

Context: Most studies assessing the use of cardiac injury markers, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), total creatine kinase (CK Total), and the cardiac isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB), agree that cTnI is the most specific test for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, throughout the literature, there are ambiguities and contradictions on assay-ordering criteria. Inconsistent ways of viewing biochemical assessment of acute chest pain leads to cardiac injury marker assay-ordering patterns that can be nonspecific, ambiguous, and costly. Objective: This study set out to design a cost-effective strategy and to outline criteria for ordering cardiac injury marker assays. This is accomplished by comparing Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC) testing patterns to guidelines described in recently published prospective hospital studies investigating the markers. Design: This was a retrospective study analyzing the patterns of 34,412 cardiac marker assays performed on 4,861 patients during 1999 and 2000 at MAMC. A total of 5,850 assays were run from 1,223 patients during the first 6 months of 2001. Results: The MAMC chemistry section spent more than $100,000 during 1999 for the measurement of cardiac injury markers. During 2000, an algorithm was implemented to place controls on ordering; however, the same dollar amount was spent. CK Total, CK-MB, and cTnI testing represent 3.5% of the tests performed in the chemistry section, but they consumed about 20% of the supply budget. This disproportionate expenditure is attributable to numerous, dissimilar, and voluminous ordering patterns. Conclusions: Proper use of cardiac marker assays can lead to rapid and accurate diagnosis of AMI and subsequently save lives. This study demonstrates that cTnI is the only marker needed for accurate and more cost-effective assessment of AMI.