cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract SY05-02: Novel roles for microRNAs in metastatic progression

Metastasis is the major cause of death for cancer patients. This fact highlights the importance of committing significant research efforts to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic progression. We had previously investigated the mechanisms by which post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate metastatic gene expression. By using an in vivo selection mouse system that recapitulates human breast cancer metastasis in conjunction with a systematic and functional approach, we previously identified the first set of metastasis suppressor microRNAs (miR-335, miR-126, and miR-206), which strongly suppress human breast cancer metastasis to bone and lung of mice. These small non-coding RNAs are silenced in metastatic cell lines and in human metastatic primary breast cancer cell populations; they are also prognostic biomarkers in that their silencing in primary tumors of patients correlates with the likelihood of metastatic free survival in patients. Since our findings, a number of investigators have implicated these miRNAs in suppression of cancer progression in additional cancer types as well as silencing of these miRNAs in additional cancers. Also, many other microRNAs have been identified by the research community with metastasis suppressive capacities. Our group has focused our efforts on characterizing both the mechanisms by which miR-335, miR-126, and miR-206 mediate metastasis suppression as well as the mechanisms by which the expression of these molecules are silenced in highly metastatic cells. By applying an integrative experimental approach, we have begun delineating the molecular mechanisms by which these miRNAs suppress metastatic progression. While miR-335 acts cell-autonomously to suppress metastatic invasion and migration, miR-126 acts non-cell autonomously to modulate the recruitment of endothelial cells to breast cancer cells. We find that highly metastatic cells recruit mature endothelial cells with higher efficiency than poorly metastatic cells. MiR-126 suppresses endothelial recruitment by cancer cells through targeting of a novel set of pro-metastatic and pro-angiogenic genes that correlate in expression with human metastatic relapse. Mir-126 targets two distinct signaling pathways that promote cancer-mediated endothelial recruitment resulting in enhanced metastatic colonization. Our findings reveal the mechanisms by which a set of non-coding RNAs mediate metastasis suppression and reveal a novel set of miRNA targets with potential for therapeutic targeting in human breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY05-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY05-02
Understanding Interfaces in Metal-Graphitic Hybrid Nanostructures.

Metal–graphitic interfaces formed between metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene play an important role in the properties of such hybrid nanostructures. This Perspective summarizes different types of interfaces that exist within the metal–carbon nanoassemblies and discusses current efforts on understanding and modeling the interfacial conditions and interactions. Characterization of the metal–graphitic interfaces is described here, including microscopy, spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques, and electrical measurements. Recent studies on these nanohybrids have shown that the metal–graphitic interfaces play critical roles in both controlled assembly of nanoparticles and practical applications of nanohybrids in chemical sensors and fuel cells. Better understanding, design, and manipulation of metal–graphitic interfaces could therefore become the new frontier in the research of MNP/CNT or MNP/graphene hybrid systems.
Exponential Sensitivity and Speciation of Al(III), Sc(III), Y(III), La(III), and Gd(III) at Fused Silica/Water Interfaces

The binding contants, adsorption free energies, absolute adsorbate number densities, and interfacial charge densities of Al(III), Sc(III), Y(III), La(III), and Gd(III) interacting with fused silica/water interfaces held at pH 4 were determined using second harmonic generation and the Eisenthal χ(3) technique. By examining the relationship between the measured adsorption free energies and the electric double layer interfacial potential at multiple electrolyte concentrations, we elucidate the charge state and possible binding pathways for each ion at the fused silica surface. Al(III) and Sc(III) ions are found to bind to the fused silica surface as fully hydrated trivalent species in a bidentate geometry. In contrast, the Y(III), La(III), and Gd(III) ions are each shown to adsorb to the silica surface in a decreased charge state, but the extent and mode of binding varies with each ion. By quantifying the exponential sensitivity of the surface coverage of the adsorbed ions to their charge state directly at t...
Characteristics of papillary collecting duct cells in primary culture

We examined the electrophysiological and Na+ transport characteristics of rat papillary collecting duct (PCD) cells grown in primary cultures. Grown as monolayers on polycarbonate filters, the cell...
Ca2+ ATPase Conformational Transitions in Lipid Bilayers Mapped by Site-directed Ethylation and Solid-State NMR

To transmit signals across cellular compartments, many membrane-embedded enzymes undergo extensive conformational rearrangements. Monitoring these events in lipid bilayers by NMR at atomic resolution has been challenging due to the large size of these systems. It is further exacerbated for large mammalian proteins that are difficult to express and label with NMR-active isotopes. Here, we synthesized and engineered 13C ethyl groups on native cysteines to map the structural transitions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, a 110 kDa transmembrane enzyme that transports Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Using magic angle spinning NMR, we monitored the chemical shifts of the methylene and methyl groups of the derivatized cysteine residues along the major steps of the enzymatic cycle. The methylene chemical shifts are sensitive to the ATPase conformational changes induced upon nucleotide and Ca2+ ion binding and are ideal probes for active and inactive states of the enzyme. This new approach is extend...
Mapping biological tissues with hyperspectral coherent Raman scattering microscopy(Conference Presentation)

We discuss the implementation of wavelength-swept coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy for the rapid acquisition of hyperspectral datacubes. We highlight two multivariate analysis approaches for efficiently generating spectroscopic maps from the acquired data: principal component analysis (PCA), which is a popular method for extracting information from multidimensional datasets, and vertex component analysis (VCA), which has previously been successfully used for the analysis of spontaneous Raman microscopy data. Through several biomedical imaging examples, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches for CRS microscopy.
Racial Differences of Pigmentation in the Human Vestibular Organs

ObjectivesMelanin pigmentation is present in the human inner ear. In this study, we quantify the melanin pigmentation in the vestibular system and examine racial differences of vestibular melanin pigmentation using human cadaveric temporal bone specimens.Study DesignBasic research.SettingLaboratory.Subjects and MethodsLight microscopy was used to examine specimens from 40 left temporal bones from the Johns Hopkins Human Temporal Bone Collection. Color images of (1) ampulla of the horizontal canal, (2) utricular wall, (3) endolymphatic duct, and (4) posterior ampullary nerve as it enters the posterior canal were acquired with a digital camera attached to the microscope and image acquisition software. Acquired images of each anatomic area of interest were processed offline through ImageJ. Melanin content was then compared according to ethnicity, age, sex, and location.ResultsFifteen African American and 25 Caucasian specimens were analyzed. Mean age was 68.8 years. African American specimens had a significa...
Study on genetic toxicity of β-carotene

[Objective]To investigate the genetic toxicity ofβ-carotene,and provide the scientific basis for its safe use. [Methods]Ames test,sub-plus and without S9 metabolic activation system in 2 parallel tests,the tested compounds with 5 dose groups,and the revertant colonies were scored.Cell micronucleus test of marrow was used.The tested compounds located 3 dose groups,and the micronucleus polychromatic erythrocytes of marrow were observed and measured.Mouse sperm morphology test located 3 dose groups.The deform numbers of sperm due to different doses of β-carotene were noted.The negative control test group and positive control group were located above 3 tests.Ames test located a single blank control group. [Results]In Ames test,the number of revertant colonies due toβ-carotene was less than that of control group.The micronucleus test showed there were no significant difference in micronucleus rate and deform numbers of sperm between β-carotene groups and negative control group(P0.05),but there was a significant difference between negative control group and positive control group(P0.01). [Conclusion]Theβ-carotene is not mutagenic to tested strains,somatic cell and germ cells in mice.
Analysis of the Effect of Propess Applied in Full-term Pregnancy Induced Labor

Objective To explore the clinical effect of Propess adopted in full-term pregnancy induced labor. Methods 128 cases of puerperants with full-term pregnancy underwent induced labor in our hospital from June, 2012 to August, 2013 were randomly divided into the observation group of 64 cases(Propess)and the control group of 64 cases(Oxytocin). The effect was compared between the two groups. Results There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in total labor, the time for labor to get going, cesarean section rate, delivery rate and the successful rate of induced labor(P0.05). Conclusion Propess applied in full-term pregnancy induced labor can not only promote cervical ripening, but also significantly increase the success rate of induced labor.
Finite element analysis of crack characteristics of high-strength reinforced concrete beams

Using the FEM analysis,this paper analyzes the crack,deformation and the average space between the cracks of high-strength reinforced concrete beams.Based on the experimental research,this paper sets up finite element model and loads on the beams by the method of gradually increasing load to analyze their capability.In comparison with common reinforced concrete,the result indicates that high-strength reinforced concrete beams have a larger capability of resisting crack than do common reinforced concrete beams.If load with the same loads,their deformation is small.However,with the increase of loads,the increasing range of high-strength reinforced concrete beams deformation is smaller than common reinforced concrete beams.FEM analysis and criterion method educe the same average space between the cracks.
The Coens’ Tragic Comedy: The Big Lebowski

Moral Hierarchies: In this section I compare and contrast two sets of moral hierarchies, one by Aristotle and on by Simone de Beauvoir.
Structural sensitivity of x-ray Bragg projection ptychography to domain patterns in epitaxial thin films

Bragg projection ptychography (BPP) is a coherent diffraction imaging technique capable of mapping the spatial distribution of the Bragg structure factor in nanostructured thin films. Here, we show that, because these images are projections, the structural sensitivity of the resulting images depends on the film thickness and the aspect ratio and orientation of the features of interest and that image interpretation depends on these factors. We model changes in contrast in the BPP reconstructions of simulated ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ ferroelectric thin films with meandering ${180}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ stripe domains as a function of film thickness, discuss their origin, and comment on the implication of these factors on the design of BPP experiments of general nanostructured films.
Prenatal Breastfeeding Education: Impact on Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Background:Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a growing problem in the United States, affecting 32,000 infants annually. Although breastfeeding would benefit infants with NAS, rates among these mothers are low.Purpose:The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase breastfeeding r
Intravenous Contrast-Induced Nephropathy—The Rise and Fall of a Threatening Idea

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has been considered to be a cause of renal failure for over 50 years, but careful review of past and recent studies reveals the risks of CIN to be overestimated. Older studies frequently cited the use of high-osmolality contrast media, which have since been replaced by low-osmolality contrast media, which have lower risks for nephropathy. In addition, literature regarding CIN typically describes the incidence following cardiac angiography, whereas the risk of CIN from intravenous injection is much lower. Most of the early published literature also lacked appropriate control groups to compare to those that received iodinated contrast, and thus attributed rises in creatinine to intravenous contrast without considering normal creatinine fluctuations (frequent in patients with kidney disease) and other acute pathologic states such as hypotension or nephrotoxic drug administration. The aim of this paper is to review the literature detailing CIN risk, discuss why CIN risk is often overestimated and how withholding contrast can lead to misdiagnosis and delay in appropriate patient management.
Nature of Clay–Humic Complexes in an Agricultural Soil

Soil management systems that encourage the formation and stabilization of recalcitrant clay-humic complexes will have the greatest long-term impact on C sequestration and soil quality. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the chemical, biochemical, and spectroscopic characteristics of humic substances and clay mineralogy. Clay-humic complexes were separated from the Ap horizon of a Webster soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Typic Endoaquoll) by an invasive sonication-centrifugation technique. The samples were analyzed for mineralogy by XRD (x-ray diffraction), chemical composition by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). C and N by thermal combustion, C chemistry by solid state 13 C magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS-NMR) and both gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of extractable organic compounds. The coarse, medium, and fine clay fractions are dominated by quartz, a low-charged interstratified phase, and smectite, respectively. Extractable organic compounds, 30 to 52% of the total C, are dominated by basic amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Less than 3% of the extractable C is monosaccharides and amino sugars and only trace levels of phenolic acids were found. The C/N ratios of humic substances associated with the coarse, medium, and fine clay fractions are 17, 10, and 10, respectively. The coarse clay fraction has stronger carboxyl and O-alkyl 13 C-NMR peaks and lower levels of extractable amino acids, fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino sugars than humics associated with the fine clay fraction. The results indicate that the biochemistry of the clay-humic complexes differs substantially from that of whole soils and that soil clay mineralogy strongly influences humification.
Predictors of pathologic upstaging in early esophageal adenocarcinoma: Results from the national cancer database.

Abstract Background Upstaging in early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients happens at a high rate and has implications for treatment. We sought to identify risk factors predicting upstaging. Study design The National Cancer Database (2010–2013) was queried for all patients with clinical T1/T2 and N0 EAC who underwent esophagectomy without neoadjuvant therapy. Logistic regression models were developed to investigate risk factors for upstaging. Results A total of 1120 patients were included. Pathologic upstaging occurred in 21.3% (n = 239). After adjustment, risk of upstaging increased with tumor size (tumor size 1–3 cm, OR 4.57,95% CI 2.58–8.10, tumor size >3 cm, OR 10.57, 95% CI 5.77–19.35, as compared to tumors than 10 lymph nodes examined (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.29–2.63), while facility volume was not significant. Odds of upstaging increased linearly with number of lymph nodes examined (OR 1.02 per node). Conclusion Our data underscore the importance of tumor size as a predictor for upstaging and of completing a thorough lymph node dissection for staging purposes.
Implementing noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features may potentially impact the risk of malignancy for thyroid nodules categorized as AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN

Background Noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has recently been reclassified as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Implementation of the new terminology may alter the implied risk of malignancy (ROM) across the six categories of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). Methods The study cohort consisted of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cases which were assessed between January 2011 and June 2016 and led to surgical resections. For each case, patient demographics as well as cytologic and corresponding histologic diagnoses were recorded. The surgical specimens diagnosed as follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC) were re-reviewed to identify cases that met the diagnostic criteria for NIFTP. The ROM with and without exclusion of NIFTP from malignant categorization, as well as the relative change in ROM were calculated for individual categories of TBSRTC. Results A total of 908 FNA cases with surgical follow-up were retrieved and PTC was identified in 252 (27.8%) surgical specimens. Twenty-nine of 252 (11.5%) were initially classified as FVPTC, of which 17 (6.7%) were reclassified as NIFTP. The cytologic interpretations for the majority of NIFTP cases were atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS, n = 8) or follicular neoplasm/suspicious for neoplasm/(FN/SFN, n = 4). Excluding NIFTP from malignant categorization resulted in a relative decrease in ROM in AUS/FLUS (25.8%) and FN/SFN (22.3%) categories. Conclusion Our institutional data demonstrates that eliminating NIFTP from malignant categorization may result in a reduction of the implied ROM for AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN categories.
The Extracellular Matrix Produced during Angiogenesis in Culture

Rings of rat aorta embedded in thick plasma clot and cultured either in Eagle’s minimum essential medium or in Waymouth’s MB 752/1, each supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid, and antibiotics, gave rise to cellular outgrowths composed of branching microvessels and spindly mesenchymal cells. Affinity-purified rabbit antibodies specific for fibronectin, laminin, collagen types I, III, IV, and V were used to study the composition and distribution of the extracellular matrix produced in these cultures. Frozen sections obtained from 1-to 4-week-old cultures were mounted on albumin-coated histology slides and stained using indirect immunofluoresence. immunoperoxidase and peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. Fibronectin, laminin, and collagen types IV and V were demonstrated both in immature endothelial sprouts and in mature endothelial channels. The staining of fibronectin was particularly intense in 7-day-old cultures, suggesting an increased production of fibronectin during the early stages of angiogenesis. The staining of laminin and collagen type IV was more intense in older cultures, indicating the formation of a continuous basement membrane around the mature endothelial channels. Immunoperoxidase stain demonstrated fibrils of collagen type I and III around the endothelial outgrowths and in the surrounding fibrin. The amount of collagen type I and III increased as the cultures aged, and it was greatest in 28-day-old cultures. In summary, this study demonstrates that the formation of new endothelial channels in plasma clot cultures of rat aorta is associated with the production of an abundant and heterogeneous extracellular matrix that strongly resembles the extracellular matrix of microvessels in vivo. Future studies with this model may provide new insights into the role played by extracellular matrix proteins in angiogenesis and may help us elucidate the effect of these proteins on the perivascular spread of carcinoma cells.
Folding and Catalysis Near Life’s Origin: Support for Fe2+ as a Dominant Divalent Cation

There is broad consensus that during and immediately following the origin of life, RNA was the single biopolymer or was among a small group of cooperating biopolymers. During the origin of life, the Archean Earth was anoxic; Fe2+ was abundant and relatively benign. We hypothesize that RNA used Fe2+ as a cofactor instead of, or along with, Mg2+ during the inception and early phases of biology, until the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). In this model, RNA participated in a metal substitution during the GOE, whereby Mg2+ replaced Fe2+ as the dominant RNA cofactor. A GOE-induced Fe2+ to Mg2+ substitution predicts that under ‘early Earth’ (anoxic) conditions, Fe2+ can participate in a variety of functions, including mediation of RNA folding and catalysis by ribozymes and proteins. Understanding the influence of Fe2+ on nucleic acid structure and function could provide an important link between the geological record and the ancestral biological world. This review focuses on experimental work investigating the interactions and functions of RNA and nucleic acid processing proteins with Fe2+ under anoxic, early Earth conditions.
Winter Storm Conditions Leading to Excessive Runoff above California’s Oroville Dam during January and February 2017

AbstractDuring winter 2016/17, California experienced numerous heavy precipitation events linked to land-falling atmospheric rivers (ARs) that filled reservoirs and ended a severe, multiyear drough...
End-of-Life Issues

Older adults with terminal illness face many end-of-life care challenges. Specifically, knowing how much time remains is essential for closure for personal and family matters. The Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) has been widely used for survival prediction among patients with cancer; however, few studies have reviewed PPS scores in heterogeneous hospice populations across multiple care settings. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine how the PPS tool has been used to predict survival for older adults at the end-of-life. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) were searched for all published literature from 2008 to 2017. We analyzed study characteristics, the PPS score on admission, and primary outcomes, and explored differences in survival estimates by diagnosis. Seventeen studies were included in this review (9 with cancer and 8 with mixed diagnoses). The primary findings from this review were that the PPS predicted length of survival across all studies. In this review, survival estimates ranged from 1 to 3 days for older adults with PPS scores of 10% compared with a range of 5 to 36 days for those with scores of 30%. The findings confirm that the PPS has been used more frequently to estimate survival in patients with cancer and that there are opportunities to apply the tool to patients with different end-of-life diagnoses.
Persistent Scatterer Statistics and Their Detection

InSAR time series analysis of deformation fields requires a set of single look complex (SLC) radar images whose pixels accurately represent the InSAR phase. In some surface cover environments, such as vegetated regions where plant growth produces echoes unrelated to the underlying surface, reliable phase estimates are difficult to identify. Persistent scattering (PS) methods sort for the most stable points in an image, so that the deformation estimates are as robust as possible. To date the often-used selection algorithms have not always fully incorporated knowledge of PS point distributions or how they vary by terrain type. Here we show estimates of the probability density functions (pdfs) for several types of surface cover and how the added information can be applied to use MAP rather than MLE estimation to improve selection, and also give insights to the radar scattering processes that give rise to PS pixels.
The accuracy of a 2D video-based lifting monitor.

A widely used risk prediction tool, the revised NIOSH lifting equation (RNLE), provides the recommended weight limit (RWL), but is limited by analyst subjectivity, experience, and resources. This p...
Fatigue in Additive Manufactured Aircraft: The Long Way to Make It Fly

Manufacturing of metallic products is currently facing a historic revolution driven by a group of innovative technologies clustered under the name of Additive Manufacturing (AM) or, more colloquially, 3D-printing.
The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation Nigerian and Other Black Americans: Evidence from the Current Population Survey, 2009 to 2019:

Second-generation black Americans have been inadequately studied in prior quantitative research. The authors seek to ameliorate this research gap by using the Current Population Survey to investiga...
Hypertension and related lifestyle factors among persons living in rural Nicaragua

Abstract Background Globally about 40% of adults are diagnosed with hypertension, with high-income countries having a lower prevalence than low-income countries. However, there are limited data about adult hypertension prevalence in Nicaragua. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in rural coffee farm workers. Methods A convenience sample of 229 adult coffee farm workers was used. Blood pressure was measured using an established protocol and the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7) guidelines. Results Nearly 60% of the sample reported at least one prior blood pressure measurement. Hypertension was detected in 16.7% of males and 26.3% of females (20.7% of the total). Prehypertension was detected in 59.3% of males and 27.7% of females (46.2% of the total). Of the men, 51.4% reported smoking at least some days and just over one third of the sample reported adding extra salt to their food. Discussion While the prevalence of hypertension in this sample is lower than global estimates, almost half of the sample had prehypertension, demonstrating an area where health promotion efforts could be focused. Given the limited funding and resources often available in these areas, increasing disease prevention efforts (including health promotion and wellness programs) and establishing settings that provide outreach and education, may improve chronic disease management and prevent comorbidities from occurring.
An assessment of heterotrophy and mixotrophy in Scenedesmus and its utilization in wastewater treatment

Abstract Wastewater contains various macro and micronutrients essential for growth. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment offers an alternative process that couples nutrient uptake and the value-added production of a biofuels feedstock or other algal-derived products. In this review, we summarize previous efforts to cultivate the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. in different wastewater sources, and report on the effectiveness of nutrient and organic substrate removal, CO2 mitigation, and resulting biomass productivities. As biomass productivity is a function of growth, we also investigated the extent of functional genomics resources that are available to study the regulation of central carbon metabolism in Scenedesmus.
Routine Use of Preoperative Neck Ultrasound in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Identifies Coexisting Thyroid Disease and Improves Parathyroid Localization.

BackgroundIn Jan 2018, we began routinely obtaining neck ultrasound (US) with 123I/99Tc-sestamibi (MIBI) for parathyroid gland localization and to identify thyroid pathology in the setting of prima...
Training Users to Identify Phishing Emails

Phishing emails pose a serious threat to individuals and organizations. Users’ ability to identify phishing emails is critical to avoid becoming victims of these attacks. The current study examined...
Perceptions of programs that orient non-practice faculty to the pharmacy profession: A pilot study.

Abstract Introduction Faculty collaboration across disciplines plays an important role in pharmacy education, and in particular, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) faculty survey asks whether colleges/schools of pharmacy (C/SOPs) have programs available to orient non-practice faculty to the profession of pharmacy. The purpose of this pilot study was to characterize perceptions of the importance and effectiveness of such programs, and to examine barriers to their successful implementation. Methods An online survey was developed to collect demographic information and perceived importance, effectiveness, and barriers of programs designed to orient non-practice faculty to the pharmacy profession. The survey was posted to the AACP Connect Council of Deans and Council of Faculties listservs and responses were gathered and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Responses from 157 individuals representing 90C/SOPs were collected. While the majority (82%) of respondents rated programs that orient non-practice faculty to the pharmacy profession as extremely or very important, only 17% rated such programs as extremely or very effective. Lack of time was identified as the primary barrier. Differences were identified between various interest groups, including practice vs. non-practice disciplines and administrators vs. non-administrators. Conclusions Programs to orient non-practice faculty to the pharmacy profession were perceived to be important; however, such programs were found to lack efficacy.
Tempo and mode of gene expression evolution in the brain across Primates

Primate evolution has led to a remarkable diversity of behavioral specializations and pronounced brain size variation among species 1,2. Gene expression provides a promising opportunity for studying the molecular basis of brain evolution, but it has been explored in very few primate species to date e.g. 3,4. To understand the landscape of gene expression evolution across the primate lineage, we generated and analyzed RNA-Seq data from four brain regions in an unprecedented eighteen species. Here we show a remarkable level of variation in gene expression among hominid species, including humans and chimpanzees, despite their relatively recent divergence time from other primates. We found that individual genes display a wide range of expression dynamics across evolutionary time reflective of the diverse selection pressures acting on genes within primate brain tissue. Using our sample that represents an unprecedented 190-fold difference in primate brain size, we identified genes with variation in expression most correlated with brain size and found several with signals of positive selection in their regulatory regions. Our study extensively broadens the context of what is known about the molecular evolution of the brain across primates and identifies novel candidate genes for study of genetic regulation of brain development and evolution.
Balancing Resident Autonomy and Patient Safety

A balance between your team members’ independence and your patient’s care is an incredibly challenging one to strike. You will need to consider your own experiences, how your personality and style interacts with those of your trainees and their individual skill levels, as well as the clinical situation.
Vagally-mediated gastric effects of catecholamines in stressed rats (1110.13)

Stress exerts vagally-mediated action to disrupt gastric motility. Preliminary results from our laboratory suggest that brainstem vagal neurocircuits undergo remodeling following stress and previous studies from other groups have shown that the A2 catecholaminergic area is involved in these effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stress modulates the response of vagally-mediated gastric pathways to catecholamines. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were recorded in neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) following NTS stimulation and perfusion of the slices with the α2 agonist Uk14304 (0.1-10μM). In control rats, UK14304 had no effect on 5 of 5 neurons tested (96±3% of baseline amplitude); in contrast, UK14304 decreased the amplitude of IPSC in 12 of 17 rats that underwent homotypic stress for 5 days in a concentration-dependent manner (91±1%, 78±1% and 53±9% of baseline amplitude in response to 0.1, 1 and 3μM, respectively; P<0.05 vs control). In control rats, brain...
Some Bacteriological Data on Dermatological Patients

Despite many studies on staphylococcal infections in the surgical patient, the medical patient, and the infant, there is a dearth of bacteriological data on dermatological patients, especially in-patients. This paper presents representative bacteriological data on some of the out-patients and in-patients treated in this department during the period 1955-1960. The antibiograms and phage types of strains of Staphylococcus aureus are listed and correlated with the diagnoses of the patients and sites from which the strains were isolated.
Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families: Münzer, Friedrich: Trans. Thérèse Ridley: Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 486 pp., Publication Date: June 1999

(2000). Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 87-87.
An Experiential Method for Teaching Research to Graduate Nursing Students.

This article provides a creative and interactive method for teaching a metaparadigm of inquiry that values and embraces both naturalistic and positivistic approaches to research. The author outlines an experiential method for teaching graduate level research that blends opportunities to meet the needs of students with either global or analytic information processing styles, as well as varying student learning styles. The method involves a semester-long journey whereby students cognitively and viscerally begin to understand the interconnectedness of all research knowledge, and consists of five elements: 1) creating a nonthreatening environment; 2) using guided imagery; 3) teaching research along the "Continuum of Inquiry"; 4) take-home and midterm exams based on hypothetical clinical situations; and (5) developing a written research proposal.
Globular Clusters and Field Halo Stars

Recent work on the chemistry and kinematics of the field halo population stars is reviewed, including the metallicity distribution function, elemental abundance patterns, primordial abundances, and their relations with stellar kinematics. The important role played by these stars in determining the ages of the globular clusters is discussed. A comparison is made between the kinematic and chemical properties of the field and cluster stars to ascertain if they share a common history.
A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning II. Lesions in the Peripheral Nervous System – Teased Fiber and Acid Phosphatase Studies

The sequential development of the lesions in the peripheral nervous systems of 22 goats poisoned with daily oral doses of ground coyotillo fruits was studied. Studies of teased fibers revealed swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, segmental demyelination, remyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and regeneration. A few fibers had a large globular or ovoid swelling in a transitional zone between a region undergoing segmental demyelination at one end and Wallerian degeneration at the other end. These distended transitional zones were the sites of intense acid phosphatase activity in axons.These histologic studies indicate that the primary lesion occurred in Schwann cells and resulted in swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, and segmental demyclination. The sequence of development of the lesions suggests that axonal degeneration were secondary to Schwann-cell injury.
Problematic Bodies: Past, Present, and Future

Good Days, Bad Days: The Self in Chronic Illness and Time, by Kathy Charmaz. At The Will of The Body: Reflections on Illness, by Arthur W. Frank. The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory, edited by Mike Featherstone, Mike Hepworth, and Bryan S. Turner.
Proteolytic Processing of Amyloid-β Precursor Protein by Secretases Does Not Require Cell Surface Transport

Cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by α-,β-, and γ-secretases releases an extracellular fragment called APPS, small Aβ peptides, and a short APP intracellular domain that may provide a transcriptional signal analogous to the Notch intracellular domain. Notch cleavage is activated by extracellular ligands on the cell surface, but the cellular localization of APP cleavage remains unclear. We now show that in transfected cultured cells, the plasma membrane SNARE protein syntaxin 1A, when expressed as a full-length protein, disrupts the Golgi apparatus and blocks trans-Golgi traffic and exocytosis. In contrast, truncated syntaxin 1A1–243 selectively abolishes exocytosis but has no apparent effect on trans-Golgi traffic or Golgi structure, whereas further truncated syntaxins 1A1–236 and 1A1–230 have no effect on either exocytosis or Golgi traffic. Using these syntaxin 1A fragments, we demonstrated that blocking trans-Golgi traffic greatly impairs APP cleavage and AICD-dependent nuclear signaling, whereas blocking exocytosis alone does not affect either process, even though secretion of APPS and Aβ40 peptide is abolished. Our data suggest that, different from Notch, cleavage of APP is independent of cell surface regulation by extracellular ligands but may be controlled by intracellular signaling.
Do Perceptions of Ethical Conduct Matter During Organizational Change? Ethical Leadership and Employee Involvement

Ethical leadership matters in the context of organizational change due to the need for followers to trust the integrity of their leaders. Yet, there have been no studies investigating ethical leadership and organizational change. To fill this gap, we introduce a model of the moderating role of involvement in change. Organizational change and involvement in change are proposed as context-level moderators in the relationships of ethical leadership and work-related attitudes and performance. We employ a sample of 199 supervisor–subordinate pairs from a wide variety of organizations. Results support a three-way interaction (ethical leadership, organizational change, and involvement in change) for performance and OCBs. Our results have important implications for organizational change since ethical leadership appears to complement follower involvement when change is happening.
Degradation of Turfgrass Thatch by Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) and Other Soil Invertebrates

The importance of earthworms and other soil invertebrates in decomposition of thatch was studied in Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pretenses L., turf. Intact thatch was buried in nylon bags of different mesh sizes to selectively exclude certain components of the soil fauna. In a second experiment, thatch was buried in identical coarse mesh bags in either untreated plots or in plots from which earthworms had been eliminated with insecticides. Samples were recovered periodically for 23 mo, and net loss of organic matter was determined gravimetrically. Earthworms, mainly Aporrectolea Sp. (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae), incorporated large amounts of mineral soil into the thatch matrix. In both experiments, rates of net loss of organic matter and of relative microbial respiration within remaining thatch were much greater when earthworms were present than when worms were excluded. Soil mesofauna (e.g., Cryptostigmata, Collembola) were less important than earthworms in the initial comminution of thatch. Preservation of earthworm populations should be an important consideration in controlling thatch accumulation.
Future directions in analytic applications

Analytic applications to tackle the "big data" problem are pervasive in all fields. The breadth and utility of these applications are growing far faster than the rate of Moore's Law, and are particularly stressing the electrical power to host such applications. This talk will sample some of the analytical research programs being performed at IARPA, as well as some thoughts on future processor implications to support these applications.
A taxonomy of inductive problems

Inductive inferences about objects, features, categories, and relations have been studied for many years, but there are few attempts to chart the range of inductive problems that humans are able to solve. We present a taxonomy of inductive problems that helps to clarify the relationships between familiar inductive problems such as generalization, categorization, and identification, and that introduces new inductive problems for psychological investigation. Our taxonomy is founded on the idea that semantic knowledge is organized into systems of objects, features, categories, and relations, and we attempt to characterize all of the inductive problems that can arise when these systems are partially observed. Recent studies have begun to address some of the new problems in our taxonomy, and future work should aim to develop unified theories of inductive reasoning that explain how people solve all of the problems in the taxonomy.
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy

This article reviews normal and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy, with an emphasis on the challenges that are faced by those who care for the pregnant woman who has hyperglycemia. The growing problem of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy, the controversial use of oral antihyperglycemic agents for the treatment of gestational diabetes, and the long-term issue of diabetes prevention in those whose hyperglycemia resolves postpartum are also addressed.
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) sequesters spin-labeled phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in lipid bilayers

The myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) may function to sequester phosphoinositides within the plane of the bilayer. To characterize this interaction with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), a novel spin-labeled derivative, proxyl-PIP2, was synthesized and characterized. In the presence of molecules known to bind PI(4,5)P2 the EPR spectrum of this label exhibits an increase in line width because of a decrease in label dynamics, and titration of this probe with neomycin yields the expected 1:1 stoichiometry. Thus, this probe can be used to quantitate the interactions made by the PI(4,5)P2head group within the bilayer. In the presence of a peptide comprising the effector domain of MARCKS the EPR spectrum broadens, but the changes in line shape are modulated by both changes in label correlation time and spin-spin interactions. This result indicates that at least some proxyl-PIP2 are in close proximity when bound to MARCKS and that MARCKS associates with multiple PI(4,5)P2 molecules. Titration of the proxyl-PIP2 EPR signal by the MARCKS-derived peptide also suggests that multiple PI(4,5)P2 molecules interact with MARCKS. Site-directed spin labeling of this peptide shows that the position and conformation of this protein segment at the membrane interface are not altered significantly by binding to PI(4,5)P2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that MARCKS functions to sequester multiple PI(4,5)P2molecules within the plane of the membrane as a result of interactions that are driven by electrostatic forces.
Radial maze performance in three strains of mice - Role of the fimbria/fornix

Three strains of mice were tested on an 8-arm radial maze, an index of hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Levels of performance differed between strains with C57Br/cj greater than Balb/cj greater than C57Bl/6j. Lesions of the fimbria/fornix disrupted performance in the C57Br and Balb strains: the C57Bl mice never performed better than chance before or after surgery. Choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus was not correlated with radial maze performance. These findings suggest a possible genetic contribution towards radial maze behavior.
Partitioning of copper among copper-binding proteins in the mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to soluble copper

Partitioning of copper among copper-binding proteins was evaluated in digestive glands of Mytilus edulis exposed to soluble copper. Groups of mussels were held in flow-through bioassay systems and exposed to either approx. 1 (control) or 25 ..mu..g Cu/L for as long as 21 weeks. At 3-week intervals, groups of 25 mussels were removed and the digestive glands were analyzed for copper-binding proteins by gel-permeation chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry. Chronic exposure to copper resulted in increased amounts of copper in the low molecular-weight (LMW) protein fraction, which contains metallothionein-like proteins, and in the high molecular-weight (HMW) protein fraction, which contains metalloenzymes. Concentrations of copper in the LMW protein fraction increased and then appeared to plateau with long exposure times, whereas those in the HMW protein fraction continued to increase with exposure time.
Codling moth catches in sex and light traps after exposure to 0, 25, or 40 krad of gamma irradiation.

Catches of released laboratory-reared, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) in live-female traps and in traps equipped with blacklight lamps were reduced when the moths were treated with doses of 25 or 40 krad. Also, adults irradiated with 40 krad were less responsive than those irradiated with 25 krad. Fewer treated females than treated males were caught, no matter what the level of irradiation. Catches of 40-krad moths marked with 1% Eosin Y in ethyl alcohol were fewer than similarly treated moths marked with fluorescent dust.
Collective properties of A = 117−127 odd-A I nuclei

Abstract Systematic ΔJ = 2 bands have been observed on the d 5 2 , g 7 2 and h 11 2 quasi-proton states in A = 117−127 odd-I nuclei. The ΔJ = 2 energy spacings decrease (relative to the Te cores) as A decreases for the h 1 2 band but not for the others. Also ΔJ = 1 bands on unsually low-lying g 9 2 proton-hole states exist.
An approximate theory of RF shielded enclosures

Shielded enclosures are important components of modern electronic systems and devices. They are often used to provide needed RF isolation between a device and the environment; they appear simple, almost trivial, yet they have subtleties that are often misunderstood. This paper uses simple physical concepts to explain the operation of shielded enclosures and derives equations that may be used to estimate their performance. Measured data that supports both the assumptions and the results of the paper are also presented.