cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners

The degree of cultural and linguistic diversity in this country is large. Approximately 8 % of school aged children in the USA are limited in English proficiency (LEP) and would be considered English Language Learners (ELL). The heterogeneity among LEP is remarkable with over 400 different languages of which nearly three quarters speaks some dialect of Spanish (Rhodes, Ochoa, & Ortiz, 2005). The problem of accurately assessing culturally and linguistically diverse individuals has haunted the practice of psychological assessment within the USA for over a century and well before the infamous Larry P v. Riles case. The Larry P case led to the decade’s long avoidance of IQ tests in the state of California with African-American students. However, the misattribution of individual traits has plagued the field since at least the turn of the twentieth century. Woodworth, a prominent personality scale author, categorized various groups of Europeans according to stereotyped characteristics. For instance, Woodworth (1916) noted that Europeans who were blonde generally fared better in most endeavors in life. He also contended that those of a Slavic origin were prone to patience and humbleness while those of a Russian origin had a predilection toward melancholia while those from western Europe were haughty and aggressive. Continuing through the first and second World Wars, the IQ testing movement described Mediterranean and eastern European cultures as having inferior intellectual capacity while Scandinavian and northern European countries were thought to have superior intellect (Kamphaus, 2005). Of course, IQ tests during those periods were sufficiently culturally bound and biased to lead to misrepresentation of vast cultural groups. This legacy persisted through the early 1970s when IQ tests were judged to be biased against minority groups such as African-Americans to the extent that such tests where no longer permitted for use with such groups in the state of California.
Factorials and Stirling numbers in the algebra of formal Laurent series II: z− a z b =t

Abstract In Part I, Stirling numbers of both kinds were used to define a binomial (Laurent) series of integer degree in the formal variable x. The binomial series in turn served as coefficient of tn in a formal series that reasonably well reflects the properties of (1+t)x. Analogously, generalized Stirling numbers (like central factorial numbers) are now used to define a kind of generalized Catalan series. By a different method, the Catalan series can be shown to generate a formal series that has the properties of z(t)x, where z(t)a−z(t)b=t. As in the case of ordinary Stirling numbers, not all the necessary coefficients can be described by generalized Stirling numbers alone. But they can all be explicitly expressed as an ordinary double sum of powers and factorials.
Genic Differentiation and Evolution in the Ground Squirrel Subgenus Ictidomys (Genus Spermophilus)

The genetic structure of 26 natural populations of three species (S. tridecemlineatus, S. mexicanus, and S. spilosoma) of the Ictidomys subgenus of ground squirrels was analyzed using chromosomal and electrophoretic techniques. Chromosomal variation was not observed in S. mexicanus, and only slight karyotypic variation was found in the other two species. Chromosomal evidence indicated hybridization between S. tridecemlineatus and S. mexicanus, placing these species within the classical definition of semispecies. Analysis of electrophoretic variation at 29 genetic loci indicated close genetic relationships between these species. Evolution in Ictidomys appears to be linked with Pleistocene events, and speciation appears to have occurred within the last 155,000 years.
In situ detection and identification of hair dyes using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Hair is one of the most common types of physical evidence found at a crime scene. Forensic examination may suggest a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or victim, or it may demonstrate an absence of such associations. Therefore, forensic analysis of hair evidence is invaluable to criminal investigations. Current hair forensic examinations are primarily based on a subjective microscopic comparison of hair found at the crime scene with a sample of suspect’s hair. Since this is often inconclusive, the development of alternative and more-accurate hair analysis techniques is critical. In this study, we utilized surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to demonstrate that artificial dyes can be directly detected on hair. This spectroscopic technique is capable of a confirmatory identification of analytes with single molecule resolution, requires minimal sample, and has the advantage of fluorescence quenching. Our study reveals that SERS can (1) identify whether hair was artificially dyed or not, (...
Metabolic regulation of histone post-translational modifications

Histone post-translational modifications regulate transcription and other DNA-templated functions. This process is dynamically regulated by specific modifying enzymes whose activities require metabolites that either serve as cosubstrates or act as activators/inhibitors. Therefore, metabolism can influence histone modification by changing local concentrations of key metabolites. Physiologically, the epigenetic response to metabolism is important for nutrient sensing and environment adaption. In pathologic states, the connection between metabolism and histone modification mediates epigenetic abnormality in complex disease. In this review, we summarize recent studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic regulation of histone modifications and discuss their biological significance.
Swept source quantitative phase imaging(Conference Presentation)

Holographic phase microscopy has seen rapid growth in the past two decades. Numerous schemes have been proposed and commercial products are now available. Since most systems are laser based, speckle noise and other non-signal interference in the system have been problematic, limiting the technique’s phase sensitivity, image quality and the ability for accurate quantitative analysis. Low coherence source-based HPM have also been proposed to mitigate this issue, but often with increased system complexity and reduced implementation flexibility. Here, we demonstrate a swept-source HPM technique, which acquires on-axis holograms while continuously scanning the laser through a range of wavelengths. This technique is capable of identifying interference from various sources and effectively isolating sample interference, therefore minimizing unwanted signals and achieving high spatial and temporal sensitivity across the entire field of view. The ability of acquiring spectral interferogram for each pixel also make it possible to implement spectral shaping, which can further suppress interference side-lobes and improve sensitivity. Additionally, when coupled with a spectral modulation technique, such interference spectrum will permit spectroscopic measurement of phase-related properties of the sample. We will introduce the principle of the system, discuss its theoretical sensitivity bound, and present its application to phase imaging of live cells.
Condom Use in the Context of Main and Casual Partner Concurrency: Individual and Relationship Predictors in a Sample of Heterosexual African American Men:

Researchers have identified engagement in sexual concurrency, particularly when condom use is inconsistent, as a risk factor for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. This risk is particularly salient in rural communities in which dense interconnection of sexual networks can promote the spread of sexually transmitted infections. The authors investigated individual and relationship factors that predict inconsistent condom use in the context of main and casual partner sexual concurrency among 176 rural African American men. The individual psychosocial factors investigated included impulsivity and anger/hostility. Relationship variables included fidelity expectations, criticism from partners, and relationship control in both main and casual relationships. No individual risk factors were associated with main partner inconsistent condom use; however, impulsivity and anger/hostility positively predicted inconsistent condom use with a casual partner. Relationship control in the main partnership predicted inconsistent condom use with the main partner. Criticism from the main partner positively predicted inconsistent condom use with a casual partner. Finally, expectations for a casual partner's fidelity positively predicted inconsistent condom use with that partner. These findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of one sexual partnership on behavior in another and of taking this complexity into account in the development of preventive interventions.
Semen quality and association with coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and ethanol consumption.

L'association tabagisme-consommation de cafe est associee a un effet deletere sur la proportion de spermatozoides mobiles et viables
Marital interaction during experimental intoxication and the relationship to family history.

Over the past two years we have been collecting information on selected intact families in which alcoholism has persisted formany years, often over several generations. The orientation of the project is based upon an interactional model of chronic alcoholism in which problem drinking is viewed as an adaptive response to specific intrafamilial issues and is retained to provide interactional continuity.
Whitehead’s Radical Circumferential Hemorrhoidectomy: Modified Sliding Skin-Flap Grafts

This radical procedure, while difficult to perform, yet belongs in the armamentarium of the anorectal surgeon. Advantages and contraindications are discussed, and the procedure is described and illustrated.
Treatment of Hemorrhage from Renal Trauma by Angiographic Injection of Clot

AbstractExperimental results in rats and modest clinical experience now indicate that persistent or massive hemorrhage from renal trauma can be treated by injection of clot (under angiographic control) into the bleeding vessels. There is minimal loss of renal tissue and an operation is avoided.
SU-F-J-118: On-Treatment 4D CT Reconstruction From Planning 4D CT Using Linear Amplitude Scaling

Purpose: To reconstruct on-treatment 4D CT images from planning 4D CT images by adapting deformation vector field (DVF) of the planning CT to the on-treatment condition, while the adaptation is based on the scaling of two amplitudes that are motion characteristics at the times of treatment and planning CT acquisition, respectively. Methods: An anthropomorphic digital phantom (XCAT) was used to generate 4D image sets with 1-cm and 2-cm tumor motions simulating conditions of planning CT and treatment, respectively. DVFs were acquired from the planning CT image set. The DRR images were acquired simulating setup kV images from the two CT image sets. On the DRR images, tumor positions and their motion amplitudes were quantified. The DVFs were scaled linearly by the amplitude ratio between the treatment and the planning CT times, assuming the elasticity of lung. The scaled DVFs were used to resample the planning 4D CT images generating on-treatment 4D CT images. The on-treatment 4D CT images thus acquired were compared with the reference on-treatment images (2-cm motion). Results: The resampled images showed good agreement within 1 mm residual errors with the reference images. The normalized cross correlation was 0.995. Conclusion: A linear model of amplitude scaling was developed to reconstruct on-treatment 4D CT images from planning 4D CT images using the setup KV images acquired during treatment. The model was validated on a digital phantom. For the model to fully work, a further research needs to be followed, that aims at utilizing a phase-specific CT image set that is geometrically identical between pretreatment and treatment conditions.
Frosty Spot. A Developmental Disturbance of the Tomato Leaf

Hybrids of the cross Ly coper sicon esculentum X L. chilense developed frost-like eruptions on the lower, or less frequently, the upper sides of the leaf. The eruptions consisted of large undifferentiated cells, usually free of chlorophyll. A continuously intergrading series of cells occurred between normal and affected regions. The spots involved any or all tissue layers. Spotting was controlled by a single dominant gene from the L. chilense parent, often deficient in transmission. In addition, environment influenced incidence and severity of the condition. An unstable gene controlling development is hypothesized to mutate, producing substances with radiating effects.
Feasibility evaluation of diffusion-weighted imaging using an integrated MRI-radiotherapy system for response assessment to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of on-board diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with an integrated low-field MRI radiotherapy system to assess responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NAC) in rectal cancer.Methods:A spin echo-based planar imaging diffusion sequence on a 0.35-T MRI radiotherapy system was acquired over the course of NAC. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) from the tumour regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. A functional diffusion map (fDM) was created showing a pixelwise ADC analysis of the ROI over the course of treatment. Surgical pathology was correlated with ADC data.Results:Consecutive patients treated on a 0.35-T MRI radiotherapy system were evaluated. Patient A had the worst pathological response to NAC with a tumour regression score of 1 and was the only patient with a negative slope in the change of ADC values over the entire course of NAC, and during both the first and second half of NAC. The fDM from the first half of NAC for Patient A showed discrete dark area...
The molecular nature of 1,25-(OH)2-D3-induced calcium-binding protein biosynthesis in the rat.

Exogenous 1,25-(OH)2-D3, administered to vitamin D-replete animals on a high calcium diet, induces biosynthesis of the duodenal, cytosolic calcium-binding protein (CaBP) in less than 2 h. This process can be blocked by simultaneously administered cycloheximide, but not by actinomycin D. In vitamin D-replete animals on a low Ca diet, on the other hand, 1,25-(OH)2-D3 administration leads to new CaBP synthesis only after about 7 h; this process can be blocked by actinomycin D. In vitamin D-deficient animals on a high calcium diet who have no CaBP, treatment with 1,25-(OH)2-D3 induces CaBP formation in ≃ 8 h; this process is known to be blocked by actinomycin D. Thus in D-replete animals on a low calcium diet and in D-deficient animals, CaBP biosynthesis proceeds by a transcriptional route, whereas in D-replete animals on a high calcium diet the rapid response appears to be posttranscriptional. This finding points to the possibility of a more rapid regulatory action of vitamin D than previously reported and how vitamin D might function in the D-replete state.
Dynamics, stability, and experimental results for a baton robot with double-action inertial actuation

In this study we consider a very simple, inertially driven locomotor. This system consists of two concentrated masses connected by a massless bar, which we call a baton. We first develop a mathematical model that simulates the planar dynamics of this system. We use spring legs to cushion the effect of impacts, and conserve the energy of the system. We also incorporate a new double-action inertial actuator to drive the system. The ensuing numerical analyses demonstrate that the baton system can generate four distinct gait patterns: dragging, tapping, galloping, and hopping. Nonlinear bifurcation and stability analyses are carried out to identify parameter intervals where each gait type appears and disappears. In addition, we implement two control methods: the proportional–integral–derivative control and the sliding mode control to regulate the motion of the spinning. Then, we present an experimental prototype called Pony III robot. Subsequently, we apply the control strategies to this prototype with the expectation that the robot will generate gait patterns similar to the numerical model. Experimental analyses reveal that the robot can indeed generate all of the four gait patterns with both of the control methods. We also demonstrate that Pony III can generate stable locomotion on regular as well as very low friction surfaces.
Dissemination and implementation sciences in pharmacy: A call to action for professional organizations

There is a substantial gap between the generation of new knowledge and its widespread incorporation into routine clinical practice, including the medication use process. Principles of dissemination and implementation sciences, if fully embraced by clinicians and researchers, have the potential of improving healthcare effectiveness, efficiency, quality, and safety. This commentary is a call to action for member-driven professional organizations in pharmacy to serve their members and the profession by proactively and strategically leading efforts to develop pharmacist's abilities to incorporate principles of dissemination and implementation sciences into their practice. Additionally, these organizations should provide meaningful support for dissemination and implementation research that hastens the adoption, promotes intervention fidelity, and demonstrates the scaling and sustaining of evidence-based practices to optimize patient care delivery and medication therapy outcomes.
Redundant Memory Array Architecture for Efficient Selective Protection

Memory hardware errors may result from transient particle-induced faults as well as device defects due to aging. These errors are an important threat to computer system reliability as VLSI technologies continue to scale. Managing memory hardware errors is a critical component in developing an overall system dependability strategy. Memory error detection and correction are supported in a range of available hardware mechanisms. However, memory protections (particularly the more advanced ones) come at substantial costs in performance and energy usage. Moreover, the protection mechanisms are often a fixed, system-wide choice and can not easily adapt to different protection demand of different applications or memory regions.In this paper, we present a new RAIM (redundant array of independent memory) design that compared to the state-of-the-art implementation can easily provide high protection capability and the ability to selectively protect a subset of the memory. A straightforward implementation of the design can incur a substantial memory traffic overhead. We propose a few practical optimizations to mitigate this overhead. With these optimizations the proposed RAIM design offers significant advantages over existing RAIM design at lower or comparable costs.
Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction

Abstract. Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events requires an improved understanding of how and why surface water expansion and contraction in response to climate varies across space. This paper sought to (1) quantify how interannual patterns of surface water expansion and contraction vary spatially across the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and adjacent Northern Prairie (NP) in the United States, and (2) explore how landscape characteristics influence the relationship between climate inputs and surface water dynamics. Due to differences in glacial history, the PPR and NP show distinct patterns in regards to drainage development and wetland density, together providing a diversity of conditions to examine surface water dynamics. We used Landsat imagery to characterize variability in surface water extent across 11 Landsat path/rows representing the PPR and NP (images spanned 1985–2015). The PPR not only experienced a 2.6-fold greater surface water extent under median conditions relative to the NP, but also showed a 3.4-fold greater change in surface water extent between drought and deluge conditions. The relationship between surface water extent and accumulated water availability (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) was quantified per watershed and statistically related to variables representing hydrology-related landscape characteristics (e.g., infiltration capacity, surface storage capacity, stream density). To investigate the influence stream connectivity has on the rate at which surface water leaves a given location, we modeled stream-connected and stream-disconnected surface water separately. Stream-connected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with greater total wetland area, but lower total wetland density. Disconnected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with higher wetland density, lower infiltration and less anthropogenic drainage. From these findings, we can expect that shifts in precipitation and evaporative demand will have uneven effects on surface water quantity. Accurate predictions regarding the effect of climate change on surface water quantity will require consideration of hydrology-related landscape characteristics including wetland storage and arrangement.
Cognitive control under stressful conditions in transitional age youth with bipolar disorder: Diagnostic and sleep-related differences in fronto-limbic activation patterns.

OBJECTIVES Adults with bipolar disorder (BD) display aberrant activation in fronto-limbic neural circuitry during cognitive control. However, fronto-limbic response to cognitive control, and factors destabilizing this circuitry, remain under-studied during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood in BD. Sleep patterns are disturbed in BD, undergo change in adolescence, and support brain function. Among transitional age youth, BD diagnosis and sleep (duration and variability) were tested as predictors of fronto-limbic response to a stressful cognitive control task. METHODS Two groups of youth (13-22 years old) participated: 15 with BD type I, II or not otherwise specified (NOS) [BD; age 18.1 ± 2.7 years (mean ± standard deviation, SD); 17 female] and 25 healthy controls [CTL; age 19.4 ± 2.7 years (mean ± SD); 17 female]. Sleep was monitored with actigraphy for at least 1 week prior to an adaptive multi-source interference functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm (a Stroop-like cognitive interference task). Group status and sleep duration (average and intra-individual variability) were examined as predictors of activation in response to incongruent>congruent trials within the bilateral amygdala, anterior cingulate (ACC), ventrolateral prefrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical regions of interest. RESULTS The BD group displayed greater right amygdala activation than the CTL group. Average sleep duration and rostroventral ACC (rvACC) activity were negatively associated in the CTL group, but exhibited a quadratic relationship in the BD group such that short and long sleep were related to greater rvACC activation. Sleep duration variability and dorsal ACC activity were negatively associated in the BD group, and unrelated in the CTL group. Findings remained significant after controlling for age, sex, and mood symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with BD displayed a hyper-limbic response during cognitive control, and sleep was a source of variability in ACC engagement. Stabilizing sleep may be one avenue for improving cognitive control in BD.
The Elint application on Poligon: the architecture and performance of a concurrent blackboard system

In this paper we discuss Poligon, a skeletal system for the development of concurrent blackboard based applications, its architecture and the motivation for its design. A number of experiments have been performed in order to evaluate the performance of Poligon. Some of these are detailed and the results are shown. Lessons learned in the development of Poligon are given and conclusions about the performance of similar systems are drawn.
Lakatos One and Lakatos Two: An Appreciation

When I was pondering what I should write about Lakatos in this article, I ran into what seemed an insuperable difficulty. On one hand I thought that part of my job should be to give a portrait of Lakatos’ personal manner. This would be informative from the point of view of history of thought, as it would help people read his works with greater understanding. And it would be interesting, if I succeeded at all: everyone who knew Lakatos would agree that he was one of the most remarkable people they had met. On the other hand memorial essays tend to give portraits which are all sweetness and light. But such a portrait of Lakatos would not be a portrait of Lakatos. Everyone has his dark and his light side; sometimes we see one, occasionally the other. But in Lakatos both were simultaneously and brilliantly displayed at every instant. It would be trying to describe bitter sweet chocolate with the vocabulary for milk chocolate. On the other hand, to give no description at all would be a real loss.
A machine learning based heating and cooling load forecasting approach for DHC networks

Space heating/cooling is one of the major contributors to the rapid growth in energy demand. In urban areas, district heating and cooling (DHC) systems are becoming increasingly popular for serving the thermal energy needs of consumers as it provides several advantages over the conventional electricity heating/cooling systems. But predicting heating and cooling loads in a DHC network is challenging because of their inherent differences with the conventional electrical networks. In this work, we have experimented with multiple machine learning and regression techniques on a real-life data set to model and forecast heating and cooling consumption load in a DHC network. We considered different types of weather parameters which are available easily. We demonstrate the performance of each algorithm with specific feature design for two different scenarios. Our experiments show that the error of forecasting can be reduced to strictly less than 5% using this methodology, which is better than most of the state-of-the-art results in this domain.
Systemic benefits of cyclic ovarian function.

OBJECTIVE To consider the systemic benefits of cyclic ovarian function. METHODS Review and interpretation of extant data and concepts, with a focus on the physiologic impact of gonadal steroid exposures upon key nonreproductive target tissues in women. RESULTS The role of cyclic ovarian function in reproductive processes such as menstruation, folliculogenesis, and conception is well understood. Less is known about the impact of the characteristic sex steroid fluctuations associated with ovulatory menstrual cycles upon what are typically viewed as nonreproductive tissues, such as the limbic lobe and cerebral cortex. The explosion in knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of steroid action has expanded our appreciation of the complex and often subtle nature of this impact. CONCLUSIONS A clear understanding of the systemic benefits of cyclic ovarian function is required to advise patients adequately about the risks and benefits of exogenous hormone use for the remediation or induction of anovulatory states. The inherent complexity of steroid hormone action coupled with the recognition that there is a long list of reproductive and nonreproductive target tissues obviates simple statements about the risks and benefits of hormonal manipulation and anovulatory states.
Highly efficient phosphorescence from cyclometallated iridium(III) compounds: Improved syntheses of picolinate complexes and quantum chemical studies of their electronic structures

Abstract We report a new method to make heteroleptic cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes that employs 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) instead of the commonly used 2-ethoxyethanol for the addition of ancillary ligands to chloro-bridged dimeric iridium species. Thus, picolinic acid was quickly and cleanly added to [(F2ppy)2Ir(Cl)]2 (where F2ppy = 2-(4′,6′-difluorophenyl)pyridinato) with base under DME reflux to afford (F2ppy)2Ir(picolinate) (FIrpic) in excellent yield. The high purity of the products obviates the need for further purification, an improvement over the common route in which column chromatography is required. We prepared eleven picolinate complexes by this route, eight of which were characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction. The complexes possess the same distorted octahedral geometry with two bidentate phenylpyridine ligands and one bidentate 2-picolinate ligand. All of the compounds exhibited efficient phosphorescence with colors ranging from blue to orange; photophysical measurements revealed emission quantum yields as high as 0.92, while most surpassed 0.5. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations, coupled with the use of natural transition orbitals (NTOs), allowed a detailed interpretation of the electronic structures for the complexes. The nature of the acceptor orbital for the lowest-energy triplet state NTO was found to be an important predictor for the emission spectra of FIrpic and its congeners.
Circulating omega-7 fatty acids are differentially related to metabolic dysfunction and incident type II diabetes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Abstract Aim Determine whether plasma omega-7 vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid levels are related to homeostasis model of insulin resistance scores and incident type II diabetes, and whether race/ethnicity modifies these associations. Methods Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants. Linear regression determined associations of vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid with log-transformed homeostasis model of insulin resistance scores (n = 5689), and Cox regression determined associations with incident type II diabetes (n = 5413, 660 cases). Race-interactions were tested. Results Adjusting for typical risk factors, higher levels of plasma vaccenic acid were found to be inversely associated with insulin resistance scores across all four race/ethnicities, and a significant race-interaction was observed between Hispanics and Caucasians (P for interaction = 0.03). Vaccenic acid was related to 17%, 32%, and 39% lower risks of incident type II diabetes in Black, Hispanic, and Chinese American participants, respectively. Differences in associations between races were detected (P for interactions Conclusions Results suggest that plasma vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid are markers of metabolic health and dysfunction, respectively. Coupled with previous evidence and the significant race-interactions, our findings have implications for future studies of the race-based differences in omega-7 fatty acids and their regulation in the context of deteriorating metabolic health.
Expression of novel neuroendocrine marker insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) in genitourinary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study with specificity analysis and comparison to chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56

Abstract Confirmation of genitourinary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (GU-HGNECs) often requires immunohistochemical staining. Here we evaluated a novel neuroendocrine marker, insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), in GU-HGNECs with comparison to chromogranin, synaptophysin and CD56. Immunohistochemical expression of INSM1, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56 was evaluated in 39 GU-HGNECs using full tissue sections [4 in kidney, 28 in urinary bladder, and 7 in prostate; 31 small cell carcinomas (SmCCs), 6 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs), 2 mixed SmCC-LCNECs]. In 33 SmCCs/components, INSM1 showed similar sensitivity (93.9 %) to chromogranin (87.8 %), synaptophysin (93.9 %) and CD56 (87.8 %), and stained a similar percentage of tumor cells (52 %) to chromogranin (49 %) and CD56 (52 %), but lower than synaptophysin (87 %) (p
Guiding the selection of child spellchecker suggestions using audio and visual cues

Spellchecking functionality embedded in existing search tools can assist children by offering a list of spelling alternatives when a spelling error is detected. Unfortunately, children tend to generally select the first alternative when presented with a list of options, as opposed to the one that matches their intent. In this paper, we describe a study we conducted with 191 children ages 6-12 in order to offer empirical evidence of: (1) their selection habits when identifying spelling suggestions that match the word they meant to type, and (2) the degree of influence multimodal cues, i.e., synthesized speech and images, have in prompting children to select the correct spelling suggestion. The results from our study reveal that multimodal cues, primarily synthesized speech, have a positive impact on the children's ability to identify their intended word from a list of spelling suggestions.
Neighbors Matter: Causal Community Effects and Stock Market Participation

This paper establishes a causal relation between an individual’s decision whether to own stocks and average stock market participation of the individual’s community. We instrument for the average ownership of an individual’s community with lagged average ownership of the states in which one’s nonnative neighbors were born. Combining this instrumental variables approach with controls for individual and community fixed effects, a broad set of time-varying individual and community controls, and state-year effects rules out alternative explanations. To further establish that word-of-mouth communication drives this causal effect, we show that the results are stronger in more sociable communities. STANDARD MODELS OF PORTFOLIO CHOICE typically assume that fully informed investors make rational asset allocation decisions to maximize lifetime utility. As Ellison and Fudenberg (1995 P. 93) note, however, “economic agents must often make decisions without knowing the costs and benefits of the possible choices” and thus often “rely on whatever information they have obtained via causal word-of-mouth communication.” Given the evidence that average U.S. citizens have limited investment knowledge, 1 might individuals make portfolio choice
Deindustrialization and the Demand for Protection

Current explanations of demand for anti-dumping protections focus on the role of the business cycle, and fluctuations in real exchange rates. However, empirical evidence supporting these explanations is based primarily on the experience of industrialized countries. Here, we examine anti-dumping petitions in a broader sample of thirty-four industrialized and middle income countries from 1978–2015. We also propose a new determinant of demand for anti-dumping petitions—changes in the pattern of industrial production between developed and developing economies over this period have contributed to deindustrialization in advanced economies and premature industrialization some developing countries. These changes threaten established industries and motivate them to demand protection.
Antitrust Policy for the 2020s: Some Sensible Ways Forward

Antitrust policy in the U.S. has recently gained an unusual amount of media attention. There are critics who have argued that a major overhaul of antitrust policy is needed. This paper argues that instead there are some important but more modest changes that could go a long way toward significantly strengthening the role that antitrust can play in keeping the U.S. economy competitive, vibrant, and innovative. Keywords:
Impacts of Extreme Hydrological Events on the Behavior of Buried Stormwater Pipe

AbstractThis study focused on estimating the strength and deformation behavior of buried concrete pipe subjected to heavy rainfall-induced flooding, soil infiltration, leaks from the buried pipe, a...
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION OF P35, A REGULATORY SUBUNIT OF CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 5, IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE MOUSE

The protein p35 is a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 5. It has no recognized homology to cyclins but binds to and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 5 directly in the absence of other protein molecules. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 was initially isolated by homology to the key cell cycle regulator cdc2 kinase and later identified as a neuronal kinase that phosphorylates histone H1, tau or neurofilaments. This kinase is localized in axons of the developing and mature nervous system. To understand the role of p35 as a regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity in the CNS, we examined the pattern of expression of p35 mRNA in the nervous system of embryonic, early postnatal and adult mice. In separate experiments, we also examined the spatial distribution of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mRNA and the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p35 kinase complex. Postmitotic cells express p35 mRNA immediately after they leave the zones of cell proliferation. It is also expressed in developing axonal tracts in the brain. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mRNA is present in postmitotic and in proliferative cells throughout the embryonic central nervous system. During early postnatal period signal for p35 mRNA declines while that for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mRNA increases throughout the brain. In the adult brain although both p35 and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mRNAs are expressed at relatively high levels in certain structures associated with the limbic system, considerable differences exist in the patterns of their distribution in other parts of the brain. These data suggest that the p35/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 complex may be associated with early events of neuronal development such as neuronal migration and axonal growth while in the limbic system of the mature brain it may be associated with the maintenance of neuronal plasticity.
Teaching the Resistance Training Class: A Circuit Training Course Designed for the Strength and Conditioning Coach/personal Trainer

SUMMARY: PERSONAL TRAINING FOR POSTBARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS REQUIRES SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EXERCISE PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS. THIS COLUMN DISCUSSES GENERAL EXERCISE TESTING AND TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROMOTE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE EXERCISE FOR POST-BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS
Imagination and Creativity: Lectures at the College de France, 2: The Invention of Meaning (L'imagination et la créativité: Confèrences au Collège de France, 2: L'invention du sens)

The second of four lectures at the College de France in 2000 on the subject of conceptual mappings and conceptual structure.
Exploring Geographic Variation in US Mortality Rates Using a Spatial Durbin Approach

Previous studies focused on identifying the determinants of mortality in US counties have examined the relationships between mortality and explanatory covariates within a county only, and have ignored the well-documented spatial dependence of mortality. We challenge earlier literature by arguing that the mortality rate of a certain county may also be associated with the features of its neighboring counties beyond its own features. Drawing from both the spillover (i.e., same direction effect) and social relativity (i.e., opposite direction effect) perspectives, our spatial Durbin modeling results indicate that both theoretical perspectives provide valuable frameworks to guide the modeling of mortality variation in US counties. Our empirical findings support that mortality rate of a certain county is associated with the features of its neighbors beyond its own features. Specifically, we found support for the spillover perspective in which the percentage of the Hispanic population, concentrated disadvantage, and the social capital of a specific county are negatively associated with the mortality rate in the specific county and also in neighboring counties. On the other hand, the following covariates fit the social relativity process: health insurance coverage, percentage of non-Hispanic other races, and income inequality. Their direction of the associations with mortality in the specific county is opposite to that of the relationships with mortality in neighboring counties. Methodologically, spatial Durbin modeling addresses the shortcomings of traditional analytic approaches used in ecological mortality research such as ordinary least squares, spatial error, and spatial lag regression. Our results produce new insights drawn from unbiased estimates.
The Charter School Dust-Up: Examining the Evidence on Enrollment and Achievement

1. The reaction to the AFT's report on charter school scores 2. Can the 'dust-up' lead to a new consensus in education research and policy? 3. Problems with the critiques of the NAEP report by charter school supporters 4. Are charter school students more disadvantaged than regular public school students, and does this explain charter schools' unexpectedly low NAEP scores? 5. What we know about relative charter and regular public school student achievement 6. The philosophy of charter schools 7. Conclusion Appendix A. Using different standards for evaluating charter and regular public schools Appendix B. Alternative presentations of NAEP charter school demographic data.
Postoperative PET/CT and target delineation before adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Background The purpose of this study was for us to present our evaluation of the effectiveness of positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging in postoperative patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) before initiating adjuvant radiation therapy. Methods Treatment planning PET/CT scans were obtained in 44 patients with oral cavity SCC receiving adjuvant radiation. We identified target areas harboring macroscopic disease requiring higher radiation doses or additional surgery. Results Fourteen PET/CT scans were abnormal. Thirteen patients underwent surgery and/or biopsy, increased radiation dose, and/or addition of chemotherapy. Eleven patients received higher radiation doses. Patients undergoing imaging >8 weeks were more likely to have abnormal results (p = .01). One-year distant metastases-free survival was significantly worse in patients with positive PET/CT scans (61.5% vs 92.7%; p = .01). The estimated positive predictive value (PPV) was 38% for postoperative PET/CT scanning. Conclusion We demonstrated that 32% of patients have abnormal PET/CT scans resulting in management changes. Patients may benefit from postoperative PET/CT imaging to optimize adjuvant radiation treatment planning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Legal Guidelines for the Delivery of Special Health Care Services in Schools

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act includes school health services in a list of possible related services. The rising costs associated with education and the request for more extensive and costly services by children who have special health care needs have made the delivery of these services in schools as part of free, appropriate public education increasingly controversial. An examination of relevant documents and court decisions from the past 10 years provides insight into congressional intent, federal regulations, and local implementation of service delivery related to children with extensive health care needs.
Hormone effects on early distribution and disappearance from the blood of promethium-147 in rats.

GROWTH hormone, as well as cortisone, has been shown to alter metabolic balances and tissue distribution of potassium and sodium1. With injected calcium-45, growth hormone restored the diminished uptake by bone observed in hypophysectomized rats, but in normal rats it had no effect on uptake of calcium-452. The present work with normal rats demonstrates effects of growth hormone and cortisone on early uptake by tissue and on disappearance from the blood with time of the lanthanide fission metal promethium-147.
Photoinitiated electron collection at a metal in a rhodium-centered mixed-metal supramolecular complex.

A mixed-metal supramolecular complex [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]5+ has been studied and shown to undergo photoinitiated electron collection at the metal center. Reported herein is an analysis of the photochemical properties of this complex, illustrating the ability of this complex to photoreduce by two electrons by converting RhIII to RhI and with the trimetallic assembly remaining intact. Emission-quenching experiments demonstrate efficient quenching of the Ru → dpp charge-transfer state by the Rh center and the electron-donor dimethylaniline.
DNA Methylation/Demethylation Network Expression in Psychotic Patients with a History of Alcohol Abuse

Background Recent studies suggest that protracted and excessive alcohol use induces an epigenetic dysregulation in human and rodent brains. We recently reported that DNA methylation dynamics are altered in brains of psychotic (PS) patients, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. Because PS patients are often comorbid with chronic alcohol abuse, we examined whether the altered expression of multiple members of the DNA methylation/demethylation network observed in postmortem brains of PS patients was modified in PS patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. Methods DNA-methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) mRNA-positive neurons were counted in situ in prefrontal cortex samples obtained from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, Belmont, MA. 10-11-translocation (TETs 1, 2, 3), apolipoprotein B editing complex enzyme (APOBEC-3C), growth and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45β (GADD45β), and methyl-binding domain protein-4 (MBD4) mRNAs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in inferior parietal cortical lobule samples obtained from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium, Bethesda, MD. Results We observed an increase in DNMT1 mRNA-positive neurons in PS patients compared with non-PS subjects. In addition, there was a pronounced decrease in APOBEC-3C and a pronounced increase in GADD45β and TET1 mRNAs in PS patients with no history of alcohol abuse. In PS patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, the numbers of DNMT1-positive neurons were not increased significantly. Furthermore, the decrease in APOBEC-3C mRNA was less pronounced, while the increase in TET1 mRNA had a tendency to be potentiated in those PS patients that were chronic alcohol abusers. GADD45β and MBD4 mRNAs were not influenced by alcohol abuse. The effect of chronic alcohol abuse on DNA methylation/demethylation network enzymes cannot be attributed to confounding demographic variables or to the type and dose of medication used. Conclusions Based on these results, we hypothesize that PS patients may abuse alcohol as a potential attempt at self-medication to normalize altered DNA methylation/demethylation network pathways. However, before accepting this conclusion, we need to study alterations in the DNA methylation/demethylation pathways and the DNA methylation dynamics in a substantial number of alcoholic PS and non-PS patients. Additional investigation may also be necessary to determine whether the altered DNA methylation dynamics are direct or the consequence of an indirect interaction of alcohol with the neuropathogenetic mechanisms underlying psychosis.