cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ECG Discrimination Between Right and Left Circumflex Coronary Arterial Occlusion in Patients With Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction: Value of Old Criteria and Use of Lead aVR

Study objectives: Prior studies have proposed several ECG criteria for identifying the culprit artery in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). We applied each criterion to our patients to assess its utility. In doing so, we discovered a previously unreported, but highly useful, criterion utilizing lead aVR. Study design: Retrospective review. Patients: Thirty consecutive patients with symptoms of acute MI, ST-segment elevation in the inferior ECG leads, an appropriate rise and fall of creatine kinase and troponin I levels, and coronary arteriography within 7 days of the onset of symptoms. Measurements: The ECG recorded within 24 h of the onset of symptoms that had the most prominent ST-segment changes was analyzed. In the 12 standard leads and in lead V4R, ST-segment elevation or depression was measured 0.06 s after the J point. Results: Four previously described criteria were useful in identifying the right coronary artery (RCA) or the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) as the culprit: ST-segment elevation in lead I, ST-segment more or less elevated in lead II than in lead III, ST-segment elevation > 0.5 mm in lead V4R, and various combinations of ST-segment elevation or depression in leads V1 and V2 .A new criterion was found to be at least as useful as any previously described: the presence and amount of ST-segment depression in lead aVR. Conclusions: At least five different ST-segment criteria help to identify the RCA or the LCX as the culprit artery in patients with acute inferior MI. One of these, the amount of ST-segment depression in lead aVR, has not been reported previously and needs validation in a larger study. (CHEST 2002; 122:134 –139)
Synthesis of wideband imaging beamformers using evolutionary programming

This paper presents spatial arrays of antenna elements deployed over a plane region are often used to image sources of reflected power in radar applications. The array of antennas samples the reflected field at a fixed set of locations. The received data are then processed using signal processing techniques such as beamforming to produce an image characterizing the distribution of the objects in the field of view of the active array imaging system. For some applications, as in through-wall microwave imaging, the scene to be imaged is often illuminated with wideband signals to achieve good range resolution. For such imaging problems, the concept of coarrays may be used to facilitate array signal processing issues in a simplified context [1, 2], resulting in a Point Spread Function, PSF(thetas, phi), which is not only a function of weights at the coarray elements but also a function of the wideband signal spectrum, S(omega). For high resolution imaging, it is desirable to synthesize the weights and S(omega), to achieve a desired PSF distribution, for example one with certain beam shape and/or with tapered side lobe levels. This could be potentially a challenging non-linear optimization problem, consisting of a very large number of optimization parameters, and is different from the standard narrow-band fixed antenna array problem, which maybe solved by traditional array synthesis techniques. Evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms (GAs), evolutionary programming (EP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are well suited for this class of problems.
A Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence Spectrometer*

A basic multi-wavelength x-ray fluorescence spectrometer has been designed and a two-goniometer prototype built. The instrument is of the dispersive type, using separate crystals, Geiger-Muller detectors, and counting circuits. The system, by providing for the simultaneous determination of more than one element, results in economy of testing time and in improved precision. Finally, an application to one type of ore analysis is described.
Coronary Anomaly Preventing Transcatheter Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect

A 4-year-old asymptomatic girl presented for elective transcatheter closure of her ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Her examination revealed a fixed split second heart sound with a 2/6 systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and a right ventricular lift. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a 15-mm secundum ASD with a mildly dilated right ventricle. The left coronary artery (LCA) could not be readily identified on the study. The patient was referred for percutaneous device closure when a preprocedural transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a moderate-sized secundum ASD with left to right shunting, moderate right ventricle dilation, and an anomalous origin of the LCA from the right sinus of Valsalva was identified (Figure 1A). The origin and distribution of the right coronary artery was normal. Cardiac catheterization revealed a Qp:Qs …
The Harmonic Scalpel in the Infant Upper Pole Heminephrectomy

Abstract Purpose Upper-pole heminephrectomy is commonly performed in pediatric urology for non-functioning moieties often associeated with ureteroceles. We have modified our open approach to incorporate the Harmonic Scalpel (Johnson and Johnson) and have found that this facilitates and simplifies the procedure. Material and Methods Three patients ranging in age from 3-6 months underwnt a modified flank heminephrectomy for non-functioning duplicated upper pole segment. Pre-operative evaluation included renal bladder ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram, and nuclear renal scan. The upper-pole moiety was exposed in conjunction with its ureter. Its blood supply was defined using demarcation after applying a bulldog clamp to the small sub-tending vessels. The Harmonic Scalpel (Johnson and Johnson) was then used to separate the upper pole as demonstrated in the video. Following this the ureter was divided near the bladder. Results Operative time was less than 90 minutes in all three procedures. Blood loss was negligable ( Conclusions The harmonic scalpel simplifies the open upper pole heminephrectomy. It is a compact precision tool which simultaneously cuts and coagulates. Because it limits lateral thermal damage, it decrease the possibility of injury to the lower pole vascular pedicle. We found it simple to use and recommend its use for these procedures.
Preoperative Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Home Sleep Testing Versus Laboratory Testing

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general and surgical populations. OSA can be diagnosed using portable monitoring (PM) pathways or in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) pathways. Owing to differences in PM and PSG, clinicians need to be aware of the advantages and limitations of PM for OSA. When appropriately used, PM pathways have outcomes comparable to those for in-laboratory PSG pathways. Preoperative clinics may desire to establish pathways to identify OSA to minimize postoperative complications.
Retinal Segmentation Distinguishes Neuromyelitis Optica From Multiple Sclerosis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Regardless of Antibody Status (P4.020)

Objective: To investigate differences in macular inner retinal layer thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) between subjects with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Background: Currently, it is difficult to differentiate NMO and MS at presentation. OCT has been used to study retinal neurodegeneration in a variety of disorders. Previous OCT studies investigating NMO and MS have focused on macular thickness as a whole. To date, only a few studies have evaluated macular inner retinal layers using automated segmentation SD-OCT technology. Design/Methods: SD-OCT was performed on NMO subjects and matched MS subjects to compare retinal layer thickness between the groups. Data from healthy controls were also collected. The volume and mean parafoveal thickness of the macula and 6 inner retinal layers were obtained. The inner retinal layers were separated using an automated segmentation algorithm. Results: OCT measurements of 14 NMO and 14 MS patients were analyzed. When subjects with NMO were compared to subjects with MS, statistically significant thinning was found in the NMO group in the total retina, ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL). No statistically significant differences were observed between these two groups in the macular retinal nerve fiber layer or in any outer retinal layers, including the inner nuclear layer (INL). These findings were observed regardless of NMO patient antibody status. Using a threshold at the 5th percentile of control eye thickness in the macular parafovea, OCT proved 58[percnt] sensitive in detecting significant thinning in NMO, and 77[percnt] specific for the NMO disease. Conclusions: This study is consistent with previous findings of GCL and IPL retinal thinning in NMO compared to MS. In contrast to previous studies, however, no difference was observed in the INL. Importantly, using the macular parafoveal measure, we achieved a sensitivity of 58[percnt] and specificity of 77[percnt]. Disclosure: Dr. Loeb has nothing to disclose. Dr. Finch has nothing to disclose. I have received consultant fees from Teva, Bayer, Novartis, Questcor and Biogen. I have been a speaker for Bayer, Teva, Biogen, Novartis, Questcor, and Bayer., Dr. Bernard has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec and Bayer as a consultant and/or speaker.
Gas phase depletion and flow dynamics in horizontal MOCVD reactors

Abstract Growth rates of GaAs in the MOCVD process have been studied as a function of both lateral and axial position in horizontal reactor cells with rectangular cross-sections. A model to describe growth rates in laminar flow systems on the basis of concentration profiles under diffusion controlled conditions has been developed. The derivation of the growth rate equations includes the definition of an entrance length for the concentration profile to developed. In this region, growth rates appear to decrease with the 1/3 power of the axial position. Beyond this region, an exponential decrease is found. For low Rayleigh number conditions, the present experimental results show a very satisfactory agreement with the model without parameter fitting for both rectangular and tapered cells, and with both H2 and N2 as carrier gases. Theory also predicts that uniform deposition can be obtained over large areas in the flow direction for tapered cells, which has indeed been achieved experimentally. The influence of top-cooling in the present MOCVD system has been considered in more detail. From the experimental results, conclusions could be drawn concerning the flow characteristics. For low Rayleigh numbers (present study ≲ 700) it follows that growth rate distributions correspond with forced laminar flow characteristics. For relatively high Rayleigh numbers (present work 1700–2800), free convective effects with vortex formation are important. These conclusions are not specific for the present system, but apply to horizontal cold-wall reactors in general. On the basis of the present observations, recommendations for a cell design to obtain large area homogeneous deposition have been formulated. In addition, this work supports the conclusion that the final decomposition of trimethylgallium in the MOCVD process mainly takes place at the hot substrate and susceptor and not in the gas phase.
An experimental evaluation of the curvature-strain relation in fault-related folds

Substantial effort has gone into predicting the characteristics of subsurface fracture systems in fault-related folds. Curvature analysis is a common method used to predict the location and characteristics of fracture networks in folded rock layers. In curvature analysis, it is assumed that layers of rock deform like elastic plates so that layer-parallel strains are directly related to the curvature of the folded surface. This article tests the underlying assumption of all curvature analyses: that curvature is a direct proxy for strain in folded rock layers. We test the assumption by analyzing the curvature and strain in a series of scaled physical models of contractional, basement-involved, fault-related folds. Our objective is to constrain the conditions that lead to a strong positive correlation between curvature and extensional strain. Of particular interest is whether curvature and strain correlate over a wide range of fault throws and dips. The analysis of our folds demonstrates that both the distribution and magnitude of a fold-axis normal extension in the surface of the overlying layer appear to vary as a function of fault dip. Our results indicate that the correlation between strain and curvature generally becomes worse with decreasing fault dip. Fault throw also exhibits an effect on the curvature-strain relationship. However, this effect is dependent on the dip of the fault as well and only exhibits an effect on the curvature-strain relationship for moderately dipping faults. A direct correlation between curvature and strain at all stages of fold development is observed only for steeply dipping basement faults. These results suggest that curvature may not be a consistently reliable strain proxy in basement-involved fault-related folds and that the accuracy of curvature-related strain predictions will be strongly dependent on the dip and throw of the underlying basement fault.
Structural Analysis of Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Specificity in a Norovirus GII.4 Epidemic Variant: Implications for Epochal Evolution

Susceptibility to norovirus (NoV), a major pathogen of epidemic gastroenteritis, is associated with histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which are also cell attachment factors for this virus. GII.4 NoV strains are predominantly associated with worldwide NoV epidemics with a periodic emergence of new variants. The sequence variations in the surface-exposed P domain of the capsid protein resulting in differential HBGA binding patterns and antigenicity are suggested to drive GII.4 epochal evolution. To understand how temporal sequence variations affect the P domain structure and contribute to epochal evolution, we determined the P domain structure of a 2004 variant with ABH and secretor Lewis HBGAs and compared it with the previously determined structure of a 1996 variant. We show that temporal sequence variations do not affect the binding of monofucosyl ABH HBGAs but that they can modulate the binding strength of difucosyl Lewis HBGAs and thus could contribute to epochal evolution by the potentiated targeting of new variants to Lewis-positive, secretor-positive individuals. The temporal variations also result in significant differences in the electrostatic landscapes, likely reflecting antigenic variations. The proximity of some of these changes to the HBGA binding sites suggests the possibility of a coordinated interplay between antigenicity and HBGA binding in epochal evolution. From the observation that the regions involved in the formation of the HBGA binding sites can be conformationally flexible, we suggest a plausible mechanism for how norovirus disassociates from salivary mucin-linked HBGA before reassociating with HBGAs linked to intestinal epithelial cells during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract.
Update on massive transfusion

Massive haemorrhage requires massive transfusion (MT) to maintain adequate circulation and haemostasis. For optimal management of massively bleeding patients, regardless of aetiology (trauma, obstetrical, surgical), effective preparation and communication between transfusion and other laboratory services and clinical teams are essential. A well-defined MT protocol is a valuable tool to delineate how blood products are ordered, prepared, and delivered; determine laboratory algorithms to use as transfusion guidelines; and outline duties and facilitate communication between involved personnel. In MT patients, it is crucial to practice damage control resuscitation and to administer blood products early in the resuscitation. Trauma patients are often admitted with early trauma-induced coagulopathy (ETIC), which is associated with mortality; the aetiology of ETIC is likely multifactorial. Current data support that trauma patients treated with higher ratios of plasma and platelet to red blood cell transfusions have improved outcomes, but further clinical investigation is needed. Additionally, tranexamic acid has been shown to decrease the mortality in trauma patients requiring MT. Greater use of cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate might be beneficial in MT patients from obstetrical causes. The risks and benefits for other therapies (prothrombin complex concentrate, recombinant activated factor VII, or whole blood) are not clearly defined in MT patients. Throughout the resuscitation, the patient should be closely monitored and both metabolic and coagulation abnormalities corrected. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal ratios of blood products, treatment based on underlying clinical disorder, use of alternative therapies, and integration of laboratory testing results in the management of massively bleeding patients.
Accelerating embryonic growth during incubation following prolonged egg storage. 2. Embryonic growth and metabolism

The hypothesis was proposed that the improved embryonic livability observed when higher incubation temperatures were imposed on eggs stored for 15 d prior to setting might have basis in energy metabolism. To test the hypothesis, fertilized turkey eggs were incubated either for the first 2 wk of development (experiment 1) or only the first week of development (experiment 2) at 37.8 degrees C compared with controls incubated at 37.5 degrees C. In both experiments, eggs were stored for either 15 or 3 d prior to setting. Viable embryos were selected randomly from each storage-by-incubation period treatment combination at 25 to 28 d of incubation and were sampled for blood, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues. Tissues were weighed and assayed subsequently for glucose or glycogen content. In experiment 2, the randomly selected embryos from each treatment combination were sampled at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of incubation. Embryos at 7 and 14 d were assayed on a whole body basis, whereas at 21 and 28 d the bodies were dissected, and heart, liver, and skeletal muscle tissues were weighed and assayed for glycogen and lactate. Blood samples were collected between 25 and 28 d of incubation as in experiment 1 and assayed for glucose, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and thyroid hormone concentrations. In both experiments, accelerated development was noted due to higher temperature and enhanced embryonic carbohydrate metabolism, and elevated thyroid hormone concentrations were observed compared with controls. It was concluded that a possible mechanism for the improved livability of faster growing embryos observed after prolonged egg storage might be due to better utilization of carbohydrate.
Glaucoma Screening in the Haitian Afro-Caribbean Population of South Florida

Objective: To evaluate the presence of clinical signs consistent with suspected glaucoma in Haitian Afro-Caribbean individuals residing in South Florida who do not receive regular eye examinations. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Methods: SETTING: Community health center in the Little Haiti district of Miami, Florida. PATIENT POPULATION: We reviewed medical records and screening forms from five health screenings between October 2011 to October 2013 of 939 Afro-Caribbean individuals older than 18 years, who were never diagnosed with glaucoma or had an eye examination within the last ten years. PROCEDURES: Measurements of distance visual acuity (VA), intraocular eye pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimeter visual field (VF). Main Outcome Measures: Proportion of glaucoma suspects, based on IOP greater than or equal to 24 mm Hg or CDR greater than or equal to 0.7 in either eye, and determinants of CDR and IOP. Results: One hundred ninety-one (25.5%) of 750 patients were identified as glaucoma suspects. Glaucoma suspects were common in both the youngest and oldest age groups (,40 years, 20.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.9–23.9; .70 years, 25.0%; 95% CI, 21.8–28.2) and higher in men than women less than 70 years; the reverse was true after 70 years. Among all patients, mean IOP was 19.2i4.5 mmHg, mean CDR was 0.37i0.17, and mean CCT was 532i37.1 mm. In multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, determinates of increased CDR included increasing age (P50.004), lack of insurance (P50.019), and higher IOP (P,0.001), while increasing CDR (P,0.001) and thicker CCT (P,0.001) were associated with higher IOP.
Cerebellar hemorrhage complicating isovaleric acidemia: A case report

Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is an inborn error of leucine metabolism, resulting in an accumulation of isovaleric acid in the body fluids. The neuropathologic findings in an 11-day-old infant with JYA consisted of diffuse cerebral edema, massive cerebellar hemorrhage, upward transtentorial herniation, and focal degeneration of clusters of glial cells in white and gray matter. Although abnormal mye-lination has been described in different aminoacidopathies, the above findings have not been reported previously in IVA.
Software engineering throughout a traditional computer science curriculum

As software engineering (SE) is becoming increasingly important as a discipline for computing professionals, so is it becoming an increasing emphasis in undergraduate computing education. The curricular revisions described here represent an attempt to incorporate SE principles throughout an undergraduate curriculum in Computer Science (CS). The emphasis here, however, is not one of wholesale overhaul into a SE program, possibly to the detriment of other strengths in the previous curriculum. Rather this is a non-radical augmentation and change of focus in certain aspects of a strong, but somewhat traditional CS curriculum.
Matthew J. Luzi: The boys in Chicago Heights: the forgotten crew of the Chicago Outfit

Matthew J. Luzi is an arbitration administrator employed by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and a member of the American Arbitration Association. His book, The Boys in Chicago Heights: The Forgotten Crew of the Chicago Outfit, is the story of one of the least known factions of traditional organized crime in Chicago. The term traditional organized crime refers to those groups commonly referred to as the Mafia, the Cosa Nostra, the crime syndicate, and the mob. As Chicago’s traditional organized crime group, the Chicago Outfit was once organized into five sections or “Street Crews” which included the four Chicago neighborhoods of Taylor Street, Grand Avenue, the North Side, and Twenty-sixth Street, and the southern suburb of Chicago Heights. The book is broken down into seven chapters. The first chapter provides a history of the settlement of Chicago Heights from the 1830s to the beginning of Prohibition. Chapter two describes the bootlegging gangs that were operating in Chicago Heights during Prohibition. Chapter three describes the incorporation of Chicago Heights into the Capone Syndicate. Chapters four, five, and six describe the activities of the Chicago Heights Crew as an important component of traditional organized crime in Chicago. Finally, chapter eight describes the demise of the Chicago Heights Crew as a result of law enforcement efforts. The author’s interest in Chicago Heights began as a child. Growing up in Chicago Heights he heard stories about the “old days” when his great grandmother cooked for her brother and other “big-shots” in the “syndicate.” Luzi also heard stories about Al Capone, Prohibition, and the Chicago Heights “Boys.” As an adult, he tried to learn more about the Chicago Heights Crew, but found little written material. This absence of material caused him to begin a 25 year quest to write the story of organized crime in Chicago Heights and in particular its relationship to the Chicago Outfit. Trends Organ Crim (2013) 16:358–360 DOI 10.1007/s12117-013-9196-2
Raynaud's phenomenon in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

A 41-year-old African American woman with no significant medical history presented to clinic reporting of episodic finger numbness and colour changes. She described feeling as if her fingers were frostbitten and noted her second, third and fourth digits appeared white distally. She additionally reported of occasionally feeling food stuck in her throat after consuming solids. Physical examination revealed no joint abnormalities or evidence of skin tightening. Laboratories revealed a creatinine level of 0.95 mg/dL and trace proteinuria. An antinuclear antibody test was positive at 1:1200 …
Comments on Bruce Budowle's Presentation at the Sackler Colloquium on Forensic Science

Bruce Budowle devoted most of his presentation, “Laboratory Testing of DNA for Forensic Use: Protocols, Quality Assurance, Training, and Accreditation Issues,” to criticizing an article we wrote entitled, “The Coming Paradigm Shift in Forensic Identification Science. Ironically, the article holds DNA typing up as a good model for the development of other areas into scientifically well grounded forensic identification sciences. Most of Budowle’s criticisms reflect an extreme reading of our paper, failing to see important statements that we did make and complaining about statements he thinks we made but which we did not.
Call Schedule and Sleep Patterns of Urology Residents Following the 2011 ACGME Reforms

Abstract Introduction In response to the 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty hour restrictions, many residency programs adopted a night float system. Due to concerns regarding the effects of night float on sleep and, subsequently, on patient care, we examined sleep patterns of residents on different call schedules. Methods Urology residents assigned to day shift (Monday to Friday, 6 am to 6 pm), night float (Sunday to Friday, 6 pm to 6 am) or 24-hour home call as well as attending physicians were monitored for 2-week periods using actigraphy bands. Total sleep time, light vs deep sleep time, sleep latency and number of sleep disruptions were measured. Comparative statistics and logistic regression were used to compare call systems and to determine predictors of sleep metrics. Results When comparing day shift, night float and 24-hour home call, the only significant difference was in sleep latency. All sleep variables except sleep latency were significantly different among residents of various levels (junior, senior, research year). Compared to residents, attendings had a shorter sleep latency and were woken less frequently. Being a research year resident was the only significant univariate predictor of total sleep. Age and being a research year resident were significant univariate predictors of sleep latency. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of actigraphy in measuring sleep patterns of urology house officers. It also suggests that night float does not significantly impact total sleep or quality of sleep. Further research is needed to confirm these findings, and to determine the effects of night float rotations on resident quality of life and patient safety.
Interobserver reliability of teledermatology across all Fitzpatrick skin types

Introduction Demand for dermatologic services in safety net hospitals, which disproportionately serve patients with darker coloured skin, is growing. Teledermatology has the potential to increase access and improve outcomes, but studies have yet to demonstrate the reliability of teledermatology for all Fitzpatrick skin types. Methods We assessed the reliability of teledermatologists' diagnoses and management recommendations for store-and-forward teledermatology in patients with lightly pigmented (Fitzpatrick skin types I-III) versus darkly pigmented (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI) skin, when compared to in-person diagnosis and management decisions. This prospective study enrolled 232 adult patients, presenting with new, visible skin complaints in a Los Angeles county dermatology clinic. Forty-seven percent of patients were Fitzpatrick skin types I-III, and 53% were Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI. Results Percent concordance for the identical primary diagnosis was 53.2% in lighter (Fitzpatrick I-III) skin types and 56.0% in darker (Fitzpatrick IV-VI) skin types. There was no statistically significant difference in concordance rates between lighter and darker skin types for primary diagnosis. Concordance rates for diagnostic testing, clinic-based therapy, and treatments were similar in both groups of Fitzpatrick skin types. Discussion These results suggest that teledermatology is reliable for the diagnosis and management of patients with all Fitzpatrick skin types.
Group 10 Metal Complexes Supported by Pincer Ligands with an Olefinic Backbone

The coordination chemistry of 2,2′-bis(di-iso-propylphosphino)-trans-stilbene (tPCH═CHP) with group 10 metal centers in a variety of oxidation states is reported; different coordination modes were observed depending on the oxidation state of the metal. With metal centers in the 0 or +1 oxidation state ((tPCH═CHP)Ni, [(tPCH═CHP)Pd]2, (tPCH═CHP)NiCl, (tPCH═CHP)NiI), η2 coordination of the olefin occurs, whereas, with metals in the +2 oxidation state, C–H activation of the backbone, followed by rapid H–X reductive elimination, was observed, leading to an η1 coordination of the backbone in (tPC═CHP)MCl (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Employing the methyl-substituted analogue, 2,2′-bis(di-iso-propylphosphino)-trans-diphenyl-1,2-dimethylethene (tPCMe═CMeP), forced an η2 coordination of the olefin in [(tPCMe═CMeP)NiCl]2[NiCl4]. The synthesis of the hydride complex (tPC═CHP)NiH was attempted, but, instead, led to the formation of (tPCH═CHP)Ni, indicating that the vinyl form of the backbone can function as a hydrogen acceptor. ...
Mandatory insurance coverage and hospital productivity in Massachusetts: bending the curve?

This is part 1 of a 3-part series that presents a comprehensive examination of the results that can be expected from the 2010 national Health Care Reform legislation. Political pundits have speculated endlessly on the many changes mandated by the legislation, titled the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. A review and assessment of this legislation at several levels (federal, state, state agency, local region, and individual business leaders) were undertaken. The results of this expanded analysis suggest strongly that members of the business community and their employees will benefit from the legislation early on (years 1-3) and then likely will be impacted adversely as the payment mechanisms driving the legislation are tightened by new federal regulations (year 4 onward). Businesses will likely be immediately impacted by the legislation, with small business owners being the prime beneficiaries of the new legislation owing to the availability of coverage to approximately 32 million individuals who previously had no access to coverage. In that regard, the soon-to-be newly-insured population also will be a prime beneficiary of the legislation as the limitations on chronic illnesses and other preexisting conditions will be reduced or eliminated by the legislation.
Factorization theory of root closed monoids of small rank

ABSTRACTIn this note, we investigate ideal and factorization-theoretic properties of some root closed cancellative commutative monoids of rank at most two.
On the deformation and failure of Al 6061-T6 in plane strain tension evaluated through in situ microscopy

We investigate deformation and failure of Al 6061-T6 in plane strain conditions through in situ scanning electron microscopy. The global behavior of the specimen, as well as the local deformation of the matrix material, second phase particles, and preexisting voids, is observed with a combination of high temporal/low spatial resolution images and low temporal/high spatial resolution images. It is found that the matrix dominates the deformation response, with the second phase particles and voids imparting little influence on the deformation under the moderate triaxiality levels encountered in this experiment. The initiation or nucleation of cracks is observed to occur by plastic slip.
Monolithically-integrated mid-infrared interband cascade lasers and photodetectors (Conference Presentation)

The family of interband cascade (IC) IR devices includes: interband cascade lasers (ICLs), interband cascade IR photodetectors (ICIPs), and thermophotovoltaics (ICTPVs). To date, developments at the component level have resulted in power-efficient mid-IR ICLs with CW operation at room temperature and above as well as uncooled mid-IR low-noise and high-speed ICIPs. However, there has been little effort to integrate these devices on a single chip for an IR photonic system. Since an appropriately designed ICL can operate as an IR photodetector at zero bias, ICLs and ICIPs can be grown and fabricated on a single chip, enabling the on-chip integration of IR lasers and photodetectors for mid- and long-IR wavelengths. We report the first demonstration of monolithically integrated mid-IR IC devices operating at room temperature. The unit consists of a monolithically integrated ICL and ICIP fabricated using focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The base structure is a type-I ICL with quaternary GaInAsSb active regions. The laser peak emission wavelength is 3.1 μm at 20 ◦C and the 10% cut-off wavelength of the corresponding ICIP is 3.3 μm, which ensures sufficient photon absorption at the lasing wavelength. For a laser/detector unit (at 20 ◦C) with a 12 μm gap between laser mirror and detector, the open-circuit voltage of the ICIP is 1.06 V and its short-circuit current is 106 μA, resulting from the laser emission (2.6 mW/facet). These preliminary results demonstrate the practical application of integrated IC devices for high-temperature, high-bandwidth and power-efficient on-chip sensors and optical communication mid-IR photonic systems.
The moral limits of Feinberg's liberalism

This essay explores Joel Feinberg's conception of liberalism and the moral limits of the criminal law. Feinberg identifies liberty with the absence of law. He defends a strong liberal presumption against law, except where it is necessary to prevent wrongful harm or offense to others. Drawing on Rawlsian, Marxian, and feminist standpoints, I argue that there are injuries to individual liberty rooted not in law, but in civil society. Against Feinberg, I defend a richer account of liberalism and liberty, linking them to human dignity, and a more positive role for law. Feinberg justifies liberty as an instrumental welfare‐interest, valuable in virtue of the way it serves the individual's ulterior goals. Drawing on the example of racism and civil rights, I argue that the value of equal liberty stems from its social role in constituting persons’ sense of their own worth and dignity. Against Feinberg, I claim that liberty's value is grounded in a shared historical ideal of personhood, not in the individual's goa...
Using Financial Management Information Systems (FMIS) for Fiscal Control: Applying a Risk-Based Approach for Early Results in the Reform Process

FMIS are a set of automation solutions that allow government finance and accounting staff to carry out their day-to-day operational tasks. This enables government finance managers to plan, prepare and approve budgets, approve and verify commitments, issue payment orders and payments, monitor and report on financial resources collected, and develop appropriate resource allocation and borrowing strategies. Budgetary controls are an essential function of FMIS in that they provide control that execution happens against appropriations, meaning that at the aggregate expenditure targets should be met, providing more realism into deficit targets. The potential of such systems to improve effective service delivery, and increase participation, transparency, and accountability to citizens, their elected representatives, and creditors is widely recognized by the literature and practitioners alike. As such considerable resources have been invested into FMIS around the world, however at times with mixed results. This study finds suggestive evidence that FMIS coverage is associated with better budget performance and fiscal deficits conditioning on there being a functioning budget execution system in place. An important implication of this findings is that a roll-out strategy of initially capturing high-value transactions with FMIS could be pursued. Such a risk-based approach would be an important innovation in achieving early results in improved budget management, fiscal control and accountability, prior to scaling up to the full range of many more, smaller transactions.
Techniques for assessing water infrastructure for nonstationary extreme events: a review

Statistical and physically-based methods have been used for designing and assessing water infrastructure such as spillways and stormwater drainage systems. Traditional approaches assume that hydrol...
Diabetes, Type 1

Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, associated with the development of long-term vascular and neuropathic complications. An expert committee convened by the American Diabetes Association on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus classified diabetes into four etiologic types: type 1 diabetes, which is either autoimmune mediated (type 1a) or idiopathic (type 1b) destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas and is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency; type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response; other specific types of diabetes, including genetic defects in beta cell function and insulin action, diseases of the exocrine pancreas, endocrinopathies, and drug- or chemically induced insulin deficiency; and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Inferences Based on Two Samples

Chapters 8 and 9 presented confidence intervals (CIs) and hypothesis testing procedures for a single mean μ, single proportion p, and a single variance σ2. Here we extend these methods to situations involving the means, proportions, and variances of two different population distributions.
EVALUATION OF ZPPR ASSEMBLY 3 SODIUM VOID EXPERIMENTS

We report the results of benchmark sodium void experiments and analyses in the ZPPR assembly 3. Comparison of neutronics experiments and analyses in the reference and voided cores are also included.
Resonance Raman Determination of Retinal Chromophore Structure in Bacteriorhodopsin

Resonance Raman scattering is a versatile technique for studying the mechanism of proton-pumping in bacteriorhodopsin. This method is particularly valuable when spectra of isotopic derivatives of retinal are used to assign the vibrational features. isotopic substitution provides a basis for the interpretation of the spectra and the in situ determination of chromophore structure. To accomplish this it is important to obtain reliable spectra and to understand the bases behind the spectral interpretations. First, current techniques for obtaining high-quality spectra of bacteriorhodopsin and its intermediates are summarized, and their relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Then the vibrational structure of all-trans and 13-cis retinal chromophores is outlined in light of the recent normal coordinate analyses on these isomers. With this foundation, the spectra of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin, dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin, K610, M412, and O640 are presented. The “isotopic fingerprint” method is used to examine the geometric configuration of retinal in each intermediate. Finally, a model summarizing current knowledge about retinal structural changes during proton pumping in bacteriorhodopsin is presented.
Abstract Data Types

Modern programming languages provide facilities for separating public and private aspects of interfaces. While C does not explicitly provide facilities, there is a way of organizing code that yields this separation. Data types defined in this way are called abstract data types, or ADTs for short.
Descending control of pain transmission: possible serotonergic-enkephalinergic interactions.

To a somewhat suprising extent, many recent advances in our understanding of the role of serotonin in pain modulation derive more from anatomical and physiological studies than from pharmacological and behavioral analyses. This has resulted, in part, from the development of new anatomical methods for the localization of CNS monoamines. Concurrently, the development of methods for the localization of putative CNS transmitter peptides has allowed an analysis of possible interactions between, for example, serotonin, enkephalin and substance P.
Bonding requirements in coating and laminating of textiles

Abstract: Coating and laminating are among the best known and oldest techniques to produce composite or hybrid textiles to achieve functionality and properties that cannot be achieved with single components. General characteristics of coated and laminated fabrics and several of their applications are also discussed.
Quality and Standardization of Medical Education

Quality outcomes in medicine have become important benchmarks in grading how well institutions provide medical care. With this increase in attention to overall quality, research into the quality of medical education has begun to gain focus. We review the current standards of medical education as outlined by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). Quality in medical education is defined by the success of the medical student in assimilating the skills and knowledge gained in school into residency and practice. The 12 standards proposed by the LCME to accomplish this goal provide a basic outline that medical schools can follow, but lack specific milestones to guarantee the graduation of quality students.
Exploring Cleveland: Arts, culture, sports, and parks

W e’re all very excited to have you join us April 10–13, 2019, in Cleveland for the ACRL 2019 conference. Cleveland’s vibrant arts, cultural, sports, and recreational scenes, anchored by world-class art museums, performing arts institutions, music venues, professional sports teams, historic landmarks, and a tapestry of city and national parks, offer immense opportunities to anyone wanting to explore the rich offerings of this diverse midwestern city.
The Roles of Transfer of Learning and Forgetting in the Persistence and Fadeout of Early Childhood Mathematics Interventions

Although many interventions have generated immediate positive effects on mathematics achievement, these effects often diminish over time, leading to the important question of what causes fadeout and persistence of intervention effects. This study investigates how children's forgetting contributes to fadeout and how transfer contributes to the persistence of effects of early childhood mathematics interventions. We also test whether having a sustaining classroom environment following an intervention helps mitigate forgetting and promotes new learning. Students who received the intervention we studied forgot more in the following year than students who did not, but forgetting accounted for only about one-quarter of the fadeout effect. An offsetting but small and statistically non-significant transfer effect accounted for some of the persistence of the intervention effect - approximately one-tenth of the end-of-program treatment effect and a quarter of the treatment effect one year later. These findings suggest that most of the fadeout was attributable to control-group students catching up to the treatment-group students in the year following the intervention. Finding ways to facilitate more transfer of learning in subsequent schooling could improve the persistence of early intervention effects.
Working for Racial Equity at the Margins: Teacher-Leaders Facilitate a Book Study on Race in a Predominantly White Suburban High School:

This case examines a book study focused on racial equity work at Oak Meadows—a suburban high school with shifting student racial demographics. Two teacher-leaders organize a yearlong book study, in...
Suboptimal bone microarchitecure in adolescent girls with obesity compared to normal-weight controls and girls with anorexia nervosa.

Abstract Background Despite their higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD), adolescents with obesity (OB) have an increase in fracture risk, particularly of the extremities, compared with normal-weight controls. Whereas bone parameters that increase fracture risk are well characterized in anorexia nervosa (AN), the other end of nutritional spectrum, these data are lacking in adolescents with obesity. Objective Our objective was to compare bone parameters in adolescent girls across the nutritional spectrum, to determine whether suboptimal bone adaptation to increased body weight may explain the increased fracture risk in OB. Methods We assessed bone endpoints in 153 adolescent girls 14–21 years old: 50 OB, 48 controls and 55 AN. We used (i) DXA to assess aBMD at the lumbar spine, proximal femur and whole body, and body composition, (ii) high resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HRpQCT) to assess bone geometry, microarchitecture and volumetric BMD (vBMD), and (iii) finite element analysis to assess failure load (a strength estimate) at the distal radius and tibia. All aBMD, microarchitecture and FEA analyses were controlled for age and race. Results Groups did not differ for age or height. Areal BMD Z-scores at all sites were highest in OB, intermediate in controls and lowest in AN (p Conclusion Not all bone parameters demonstrate appropriate adaptation to higher body weight. Cortical porosity and plate BV/TV at the radius and tibia, and cortical vBMD and trabecular thickness at the tibia are particularly at risk. These effects may contribute to the higher risk for fracture reported in OB vs. controls.