cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volatile Products obtained from Edible Oils by Open Air Heating. II.

1. Soybean oils, having the peroxide value of 10 and 290 respectively, were heated at 250°C under a stream of nitrogen. Volatile substances coming therefrom were caught in a trap cooled by dry ice-acetone, and then identified by gas chromatography. There were very little decomposition products from the soybean oil of the peroxide value of 10, most of which was hydrocarbons, contaminated with a small amount of carbonyls. As for the hydrocarbons, contents of olefins were higher than saturated hydrocarbons. In the case of the soybean oil of the peroxide value of 290, decomposition occurred mostly at an earlier stage of heating. The amount of decomposition products was much higher than that of the soybean oil of lower peroxide value. The gas chromatogram of the decomposition products at an earlier stage of heating was similar to that of thermal oxidation, and had large peaks due to n-pentane, propionic aldehyde and capronic aldehyde. The gas chromatogram of the decomposition products of the higher peroxide value soybean oil at later stage of heating was similar to that of the lower peroxide value soybean oil.2. Volatile substances produced by heating safflower oil and olive oil in a stream of air at 250°C were identified by gas chromatography. As a result, some sorts of hydrocarbons and carbonyls were found in these volatile products, and their quantitative proportions were found to differ in accordance with the kind and quantity of fatty acids composing these oils-safflower, olive and soybean oil.3. The quantitative proportions of these compounds in the volatile decomposition products obtained from these vegetable oils by heating at 250°C suggest that the decomposition of vegetable oil by heating at such high temperatures as 250°C is accompanied firstly by the formation of hydroperoxides and then followed by their cleavages on either side of the carbon atom containing the hydroperoxide group.
Efficient Sensor Selection Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks in Microgrid

Integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into microgrid makes the power supply more reliable and reduces the cost. However, the connection of a large number of DERs among the load on middle-voltage/low-voltage feeders can result in severe voltage regulation problems. These challenges motivate the application of wireless sensor networks into microgrid. In this paper, several sensor selection schemes are heuristically proposed to improve the voltage measurement performance, prolong the sensor network lifetime, and guarantee the real-time communication between the distributed sensors and the intelligent control center. First, aiming to accurately monitor the real-time voltage level, we propose an opportunistic sensor selection scheme under equal power allocation and investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the voltage measurement performance. Furthermore, we address the sensor selection scheme under optimal power allocation and derive a reminiscent of “water-filling” solution. The proposed sensor selection schemes are applied and verified in the context of voltage regulation. In addition, we present the studies on the tradeoff between the voltage measurement and the sensor power consumption. Finally, we explore the joint power and spectrum allocation schemes to maximize the transmission rate between the sensors and the control center based on sensor selection. The theoretical analysis and proof are instrumental to the future wireless network design in microgrid.
Studies of the Degradation of Proteins in Animal and Bacterial Cells

Proteins within animal and bacterial cells vary widely in their rates of degradation, and these differences appear to reflect differences in protein conformations. For example, half-lives of intracellular proteins as well as serum appear to correlated with their inherent sensitivity to various proteolytic enzymes. We have also found that the half-lives of proteins are related to their net charge. In various tissues and in rat serum, proteins with acidic isoelectric points are degraded more rapidly that neutral or basic ones. Isoelectric point and subunit molecular weight are two independent parameters that influence degradative rates of proteins.
Nicotine concentration of e-cigarettes used by adolescents

Abstract Objective E-cigarettes are popular among youth, but little is known about the nicotine concentrations of e-liquids used by adolescents. Materials and method In Spring, 2014, we conducted cross-sectional surveys in four Connecticut high schools and two middle schools. Among past-30-day e-cigarette users (n = 513, 45% female, mean age 15.9 [SD = 1.4]), we examined what nicotine concentration adolescents typically used in their e-cigarettes (range 0–30 mg/mL and “I don’t know”). We first examined whether age, sex, smoking status, e-cigarette use frequency, and/or e-cigarette acquisition source were associated with using nicotine-free e-liquid, nicotine e-liquid, or not knowing the e-liquid nicotine concentration. Among nicotine users (n = 185), we then examined whether the aforementioned variables were associated with using higher nicotine concentrations. Results Adolescents reported using nicotine-free e-liquid (28.5%), nicotine e-liquid (37.4%), or not knowing their e-liquid nicotine concentration (34.1%). Nicotine users comprised more smokers and heavier e-cigarette users compared to nicotine-free e-liquid users and those who did not know their nicotine concentration. Nicotine users also comprised more males and were more likely to purchase e-cigarettes online or from tobacco shops compared to those who did not know their nicotine concentration. Among nicotine users, cigarette smoking, male sex, and purchasing e-cigarettes from tobacco shops predicted using higher nicotine concentrations. Conclusions Adolescents reported using e-liquids with variable nicotine concentrations. Smokers, males, and those who purchased their own e-cigarettes reported using the highest nicotine levels. Of concern, many adolescents were unaware of the nicotine concentration in their e-liquid, raising concerns about inadvertent nicotine exposure among youth.
Cost of proportional fairness in multiuser networks

Maintaining fairness in multiuser networks is viable at the expense of reducing the overall spectral efficiency in the network. This paper considers a general multiuser network and analyzes the disparity between the sum-rate capacity and the sum-rate achievable under the proportionally fair allocation of the resources among the users. The analysis demonstrates that the ratio of the fairness-constrained sum-rate to the sum-rate capacity in an n-user network scales with n at a rate larger than n−1/2. Moreover, a lower bound on this ratio is obtained that is valid for any arbitrary network topology and user connectivity.
Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) for Prosthetic Vision

Patient-reported outcome measures have gained an important role in clinical trials, especially for novel treatments where the patient’s opinion on quality of life and functional outcomes is valued highly. This chapter discusses the development and calibration of such instruments and emphasizes the need to further develop instruments that are sensitive to measurement and changes of very limited vision levels, such as those afforded by today’s visual prostheses.
Concept Mapping: Providing Assessment of , for , and as Learning

In order to enhance healthcare students’ conceptual understanding and assessment of their learning and also to foster their metacognitive development, we fully integrated concept mapping into a radiographic physics course. Mapping assisted instructors to administer assessment of students’ conceptual knowledge and assessment for the improvement of concept instruction. Furthermore, learners were invited to incorporate mapping-based self-assessment as a metacognitive strategy into their learning. To encourage learners to do so, peer exchange of feedback was also arranged. Based on analyses of learners’ maps, self-reflections, and interview data, both evidence of students’ learning and lessons learned from this implementation are provided.
“Your money ain't no good o'er there”: Food as real and social currency in the Pacific Theater of World War II

ABSTRACTThe millions of American servicemen who fought in the Pacific during World War II were paid better than any other. However, constant combat and time at sea gave these men relatively few places to spend their hard-earned money. Regardless, commerce existed in the theater in both real and social terms using currencies that were readily available and valued by men, even when there were few novel, material things to purchase with real money. Food was one of these forms of currency, and gave men a valuable tool that they could use to barter or adjust their social standing among their peers. Food-currency was used in two primary ways in combat or near-combat areas of the Pacific Theater. First, between many Pacific Islanders and military personnel, food was used as a cross-cultural bartering tool to quickly establish kinship between the military and the islanders. Secondly, amongst military personnel, food was used as a primary tender within a community currency system that acted outside of the military...
Regulation of p27Kip1 by intracellular iron levels

Enhanced intracellular iron levels are essential for proliferation of mammalian cells. If cells have entered S phase when iron is limiting, an adequate supply of deoxynucleotides cannot be maintained and the cells arrest with incompletely replicated DNA. In contrast, proliferating cells that are not in S phase, but have low iron pools, arrest in late G1. In this report the mechanism of iron-dependent G1 arrest in normal fibroblasts was investigated. Cells were synchronized in G0 by contact inhibition and serum deprivation. Addition of serum caused the cells to re-enter the cell cycle and enter S phase. However, if the cells were also treated with the iron chelator deferoxamine, S phase entry was blocked. This corresponded to elevated levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) and inhibition of CDK2 activity. Expression of other cell cycle regulatory proteins was not affected, including the induction of cyclins D1 and E. When the quiescent serum starved cells were supplemented with a readily usable form of iron in the absence of serum or any other growth factors, a significant population of the cells entered S phase. This was associated with downregulation of p27(Kip1) and increased CDK2 activity. Using an IPTG-responsive construct to artificially raise p27(Kip1) levels blocked the ability of iron supplementation to promote S phase entry. Thus it appears that p27(Kip1) is a mediator of G1 arrest in iron depleted Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. We propose that this is part of an iron-sensitive checkpoint that functions to ensure that cells have sufficient iron pools to support DNA synthesis prior to entry into S phase.
Calibration and Calibration Methods

Every EEG begins and ends with a calibration. Frequently, the calibration becomes so routine a procedure that it is easy to pass over it with little thought to its meaning and purpose. This is especially easy to do when the machine used contains from 18 to 24 channels, and one is eager to get on to the important part of the record, namely, the EEGs themselves. Nevertheless, the calibration is a vital part of every EEG and for this reason we devote a chapter to it.
Risk Factors for Unplanned Reoperation Within 30 Days Following Elective Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objectives:Unplanned reoperation following lumbar spinal fusion is detrimental to patients, providers, and health systems. The aim of this study was to ident...
Residual stresses and distortion in additively manufactured compositionally graded and dissimilar joints

Abstract Additively manufactured compositionally graded joints are potentially attractive to minimize abrupt changes in residual stresses and distortion of dissimilar alloy joints. Performance of these graded joints depends on the residual stresses and distortion governed by the transient temperature field during additive manufacturing and local mechanical properties of the joint. Here we develop, validate and utilize a thermo-mechanical model to provide a definitive way to additively manufacture sound graded joints for minimizing abrupt changes in residual stresses and distortion of the dissimilar joints. This model calculates residual stresses and distortion from accurate temperature fields calculated using a well-tested heat transfer and fluid flow model and temperature dependent alloy properties estimated by thermodynamic calculations. Both graded and dissimilar joints of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel to alloy 800H and Ti-6Al-4V to 800H, fabricated using laser-assisted powder based direct energy deposition process are examined. It is found that the sharp changes in residual stresses in dissimilar joints between Ti-6Al-4V and 800H can be effectively minimized by fabricating a graded joint between them. Although the magnitudes of residual stresses in Ti-6Al-4V to 800H joint are higher than that in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel to 800H joint, the former is less susceptible to warping, buckling and delamination due to the high room temperature yield strength of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate.
Contribution of external resistance to mass transfer during pasta drying

The contribution of external resistance to mass transfer during pasta drying was quantified for a range of pasta properties, extrusion conditions, and drying temperatures. Comparison of drying mode...
Phonemic awareness and reading skill in hyperlexic children: A longitudinal study

Children with hyperlexia who learn to readspontaneously before the age of five are impaired inreading and listening comprehension but have wordrecognition skills well above their measured cognitiveand linguistic abilities. In a previous study, theauthor administered a battery of cognitive, academicachievement, and phonemic awareness tests to threechildren classified as hyperlexic. The findingsshowed that the levels of phonemic awareness of thesechildren were low and not commensurate with their wordreading skill. In the present study, the authorreevaluated the three children approximately 7–8 yearslater with the same battery of cognitive, academicachievement, and phonemic awareness tests as well asseveral additional measures of phonemic awareness. The results showed that all three childrens' levels ofphonemic awareness were still low and not commensuratewith their word reading skill. Other findings showedthat two of the children, both of whom had remained inspecial education classes since the previous study,continued to be voracious readers. The other child,who had always been in regular education classes, hadnot read very much for several years. Findings alsoshowed that the word recognition skills of two of thechildren, including the child who had always attendedregular education, had decreased by one to twostandard deviations.
La (imposible) conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral en la universidad norteamericana: problemas de fondo

El siguiente trabajo analiza el panorama actual de las mujeres en la academia norteamericana, y contextualiza las cifras de esa situacion en relacion a la conciliacion de la vida familiar y laboral, y las consecuencias que esta situacion tiene para las mujeres.
Evaluation of Smartwatch Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU) for Studying Human Movements

This study aims to evaluate the temporal and spatial accuracy of the inertia measurement unit (IMU) data from a wearable smartwatch using a controlled movement and comparisons with the optical tracking measured data during gait. The Sony Watch 3 was used for two tests. First, a rotational test was performed in which the watch was attached to a rotating shaft that rotated at a constant speed. Second, a subject test was performed in which the watches were attached to shin and foot. The IMU outputs were analyzed to obtain the gait motion, and results were compared with measurement from the optical tracking system. For the rotational test, the IMU data showed moderate temporal accuracy (sampling interval: 0.012 ms ± 0.005 ms), and high spatial accuracy (error of trajectory: 0.03 m ± 0.03 m). For the subject test, the error between two measurements was 1.2° ± 1.9°.
Insanity Assessment: Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity

The claim of “not guilty by reason of insanity,” or “NGRI,” is dramatized frequently in the media and popular social circles. However, it is actually quite rarer, and more difficult to uphold in court, than most outside of forensics may think. The classic “Yates Case” in Texas in 2001 brought much attention to the NGRI rulings that continue to emphasize the importance of untangling the mind at the time the wrongful act occurred, an always challenging task that we as forensic mental health experts are assigned to carry out. In similar fashion, the case you will see illustrated in this chapter details an unfortunate circumstance one healthcare provider found herself in when she suffered an injury at the hands of a patient. The assault itself is not in question, nor is the status of the individual’s present mental competence, but rather the mental state available to the defendant at the time of the event in question. As with many other cases, I may not know the legal outcome of the inquiry. Our job is to be highly analytical to arrive to an opinion and able to explain as best as possible what the diagnosis I may provide means, in simple terms that a court can use to instruct jurors with. It is in this capacity that I often find it most helpful to use basic language and phrases to convey the points I wish to make. We rely on the review of medical, including mental health records, police investigative reports, and legal guides and criteria before examining a defendant. Most importantly, I try to use evidence from the reports and documents I gather to help support the opinions I form and will cite them as much as possible when helping to bolster a report.
Facebook and Pharmaceutical Companies: An Industry in Need of Guidance

Companies across product categories are working to learn the nuances of social media as it continues to grow in popularity and wide spread adoption. Pharmaceutical companies are no different, except that they must also adapt government regulation and industry standards to the new medium, making the topic important for pharmaceutical companies, consumers, and policy makers. The paper outlines the use of one specific social media platform, Facebook, by three of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies. In addition the paper includes an exploratory crossover study that examines consumer perceptions of the content on the different sites with regard to informative value, entertainment value, and learning. Results indicate that consumers perceive differences on all three variables. Open-ended responses are used to discuss some potential explanations for these differences.
Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum-Steel Joints

This work focuses on the microstructural characterization of aluminum to steel friction stir welded joints. Lap weld configuration coupled with scribe technology used for the weld tool have produced joints of adequate quality, despite the significant differences in hardness and melting temperatures of the alloys. Common to friction stir processes, especially those of dissimilar alloys, are microstructural gradients including grain size, crystallographic texture, and precipitation of intermetallic compounds. Because of the significant influence that intermetallic compound formation has on mechanical and ballistic behavior, the characterization of the specific intermetallic phases and the degree to which they are formed in the weld microstructure is critical to predicting weld performance. This study used electron backscatter diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Vickers micro-hardness indentation to explore and characterize the microstructures of lap friction stir welds between an applique 6061-T6 aluminum armor plate alloy and a RHA homogeneous armor plate steel alloy. Macroscopic defects such as micro-cracks were observed in the cross-sectional samples, and binary intermetallic compound layers were found to exist at the aluminum-steel interfaces of the steel particles stirred into the aluminum weld matrix and across the interfaces of the weld joints. Energy dispersive spectroscopy chemical analysis identified the intermetallic layer as monoclinic Al3Fe. Dramatic decreases in grain size in the thermo-mechanically affected zones and weld zones that evidenced grain refinement through plastic deformation and recrystallization. Crystallographic grain orientation and texture were examined using electron backscatter diffraction. Striated regions in the orientations of the aluminum alloy were determined to be the result of the severe deformation induced by the complex weld tool geometry. Many of the textures observed in the weld zone and thermo-mechanically affected zones exhibited shear texture components; however, there were many textures that deviated from ideal simple shear. Factors affecting the microstructure which are characteristic of the friction stir welding process, such as post-recrystallization deformation and complex deformation induced by tool geometry were discussed as causes for deviation from simple shear textures.
The Functions of Letters to the Editor in Reform-Era Cuba

On March 14, 2008, Granma started publication of a new section entitled Cartas a la direccion, which printed letters to the editor containing complaints, criticisms, and suggestions. The section rapidly grew in popularity and became the most closely read portion of the Friday paper. This essay engages with three related questions that have theoretical relevance beyond the specific case of Cuba. First, why would the flagship newspaper in a communist regime solicit citizen letters? Second, why would some of these letters be printed? And third, why would news media seek out responses to the letters and comment on unsatisfactory responses? This essay argues that in Cuba, as in other communist regimes, published complaint letters have two functions: the simple printing of select letters facilitates the collective letting off of steam, whereas the publication of responses to the letters by the authorities that were responsible for the infractions outlined in the initial complaint allows the regime to demonstrate that it takes popular input seriously. Therefore, Cartas a la direccion serves as a nonelectoral mechanism of accountability. Resumen El 14 de marzo de 2008, Granma inicio la publicacion de una nueva seccion titulada Cartas a la direccion, que publicaba cartas conteniendo quejas, criticas y sugerencias. La seccion rapidamente crecio en popularidad y se convirtio en el segmento mas leido del periodico del viernes. Este ensayo plantea tres preguntas que tienen relevancia teorica mas alla del caso especifico de Cuba. Primero, ?por que el periodico oficial en un regimen comunista solicitaria cartas a los ciudadanos? Segundo, ?por que se publicarian algunas de estas cartas? Y en tercer lugar, ?por que los medios de comunicacion responderian a esas cartas y comentarian las respuestas insatisfactorias? Este articulo argumenta que en Cuba, al igual que en otros regimenes comunistas, las cartas de queja publicadas cumplen dos funciones: la simple publicacion de cartas seleccionadas facilita la descarga colectiva de tension, mientras que la publicacion de las respuestas de las autoridades responsables por las infracciones senaladas en la queja inicial permite al regimen demostrar que toma en serio la opinion del pueblo. Por lo tanto, Cartas a la direccion sirve como un mecanismo no electoral de rendicion de cuentas.
How Often is the Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Score Needed in PI-RADS Version 2?

Abstract Background Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS v2) relegates dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging to a minor role. We sought to determine how often DCE is used in PI-RADS v2 scoring. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 388 patients who underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent biopsy from January 2016 through December 2017. In accordance with PI-RADS v2, DCE was deemed necessary if a peripheral-zone lesion had a diffusion-weighted imaging score of 3, or if a transition-zone lesion had a T2 score of 3 and diffusion-weighted imaging experienced technical failure. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the accuracy of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) at different threshold values for differentiating lesions that would be equivocal with noncontrast technique. Accuracy of PSAD was compared to DCE using McNemar's test. Results Sixty-nine lesions in 62 patients (16%) required DCE for PI-RADS scoring. Biopsy of 10 (14%) of these lesions showed clinically significant cancer (Gleason score ≥7). In the subgroup of patients with equivocal lesions, those with clinically significant cancer had significantly higher PSADs than those with clinically insignificant lesions (means of 0.18 and 0.13 ng/mL/mL, respectively; P= 0.038). In this subgroup, there was no statistical difference in accuracy in determining clinically significant cancer between a PSAD threshold value of 0.13 and DCE (P= 0.25). Conclusions Only 16% of our patients needed DCE to generate the PI-RADS version 2 score, raising the possibility of limiting the initial screening prostate MRI to a noncontrast exam. PSAD may also be used to further decrease the need for or to replace DCE altogether.
Abstract 3528: Novel enzymatic DNA fragmentation integrated into library construction

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is rapidly becoming a powerful tool, by providing a high resolution and global view of the cancer genome mainly through whole genome, whole exome and transcriptome sequencing. This knowledge is important to support drug development targeted towards precision medicine. Obtaining high quality sequencing data begins with optimal sample preparation. DNA fragmentation is one of the critical first steps in the construction of high quality libraries for NGS, but current fragmentation methods create a bottleneck on library preparation throughput. We have developed an efficient, one tube fragmentation system that integrates enzyme-based DNA fragmentation with end-repair and dA-tailing in a single step, followed by adaptor ligation in the same tube. This streamlined method is compatible with a wide range of DNA samples and input amounts, resulting in reproducible and reliable fragment sizes. Genomic DNA (100pg to 500ng) with various GC content, was used in the construction of libraries, that were sequenced on an Illumina platform. For low input samples, PCR amplification was performed prior to sequencing. Libraries constructed using intact genomic DNA and this novel library preparation method produced substantially higher yields than standard methods and mechanically-fragmented DNA. Enzyme-based shearing increases library yield by reducing DNA damage and sample loss. High library yields also enable PCR-free workflows from as little as 50ng starting material. This method can be used for DNA extraction and library preparation from whole blood and dried blood samples.Sequencing quality of libraries generated with inputs ranging from 100pg to 500ng DNA show similar coverage uniformity and fragment size distribution, with minimal GC bias. We have developed an enzymatic DNA fragmentation kit that enables the construction of high quality libraries from a range of sample types and inputs with minimal sequence bias, high yields and low duplication rates. This method eliminates the need for expensive equipment to fragment DNA as well as numerous cleanup and liquid transfer steps thereby reducing the time, cost and errors associated with library construction. These advances in NGS technologies, supported by powerful bioinformatics tools, promises to revolutionize cancer research, diagnosis and therapy. Citation Format: Vaishnavi Panchapakesa, Lynne Apone, Karen Duggan, Bradley Langhorst, Chen Song, Pingfang Liu, Timur Shtatland, Christine Rozzi, Christine Sumner, Fiona Stewart, Eileen Dimalanta, Theodore Davis. Novel enzymatic DNA fragmentation integrated into library construction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3528.
Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism During Pregnancy

Pregnant women are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism, and pulmonary embolism (PE) is among the most common causes of maternal death. Yet, evidence on the evaluation of suspected PE durin...
Demonstration of a mitochondrial DNA-compatible workflow for genetically variant peptide identification from human hair samples

Abstract Hair is an evidentiary sample that typically does not provide sufficient nuclear DNA for forensic analysis. Therefore, state-of-the-art forensic examination for hair samples include subjective microscopic evaluation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis, and more recently, proteomic genotyping that uses protein variation in the form of genetically variant peptides (GVPs) to infer single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles. Since many cases involve limited sample amounts (approximately 2 cm or less), any additional destructive testing (besides mtDNA) would be excluded. If a mtDNA-compatible protein extraction workflow could be developed, GVPs would provide additional forensic value without sacrificing any portion of the original hair sample. Here, we demonstrate an optimized method that can be used to obtain both whole genome mtDNA and putative GVP profiles from a single limited hair sample. The method involves urea-based extraction of proteins from hair, followed by buffer exchange and protease digestion. Peptides are eluted through a 30 kDa membrane and analyzed using traditional proteomic techniques. DNA is subsequently extracted from the filter and analyzed using whole mt-genome analysis. The method was verified with a range of hair sample types (head, pubic, and arm hair) from a diverse cohort of 22 individuals. Specifically, putative GVP profiles and mtDNA haplotypes concordant with buccal swab samples from the same donor were obtained from 22 individuals. Further, the utility of the method was verified across two different laboratories. The method is applicable for proteomic-based GVP analysis and mt-genome analysis for forensic research applications.
Secure High DER Penetration Power Distribution via Autonomously Coordinated Volt/VAR Control

Traditionally voltage control in distribution power system (DPS) is performed through voltage regulating devices (VRDs) including on load tap changers (OLTCs), step voltage regulators (SVRs), and switched capacitor banks (SCBs). The recent IEEE 1547-2018 from March 2018 requires inverter fed distributed energy resources (DERs) to contribute reactive power to support the grid voltage. To accommodate VAR from DERs, well-organized control algorithm is required to use in this mode to avoid grid oscillations and unintended switching operations of VRDs. This paper presents two voltage control strategies (i) static voltage control considering voltage-reactive power mode (IEEE 1547-2018), (ii) dynamic and extensive voltage control with maximum utilization of DER capacity and system stability. Further, effective time-graded control is implemented between VRDs and DER units to reduce the simultaneous and negative operation. The proposed voltage control strategies are tested in a realistic 140-bus southern California distribution power system through extensive time-domain simulation studies. The results show that voltage quality in a distribution system is effectively achieved through the proposed voltage control strategies with a significantly reduction in the number of switching operations of VRDs. In addition, proposed voltage control strategies increase reliability and security of the DPS during unexpected failures.
Equilibrium of an arbitrary bunch train in presence of a passive harmonic cavity: Solution through coupled Haïssinski equations

Author(s): Warnock, R; Venturini, M | Abstract: We study the effect of a passive harmonic cavity, introduced to cause bunch lengthening, in an electron storage ring. We derive a formula for the induced voltage from such a cavity with high Q, excited by a sequence of bunches, allowing for arbitrary gaps in the sequence and arbitrary currents. Except for a minor term that can be determined iteratively, the voltage is given in terms of a single mode of the Fourier transforms of the bunch forms, namely, the mode at the resonant frequency of the cavity. Supposing that the only wakefield is from the harmonic cavity, we derive a system of coupled Haissinski equations which determine the bunch positions and profiles in the equilibrium state. The number of unknowns in the system is only twice the number of bunches, and it can be solved quickly by a Newton iteration, starting with a guess determined by path following from a solution at a weak current. We explore the effect of the fill pattern on the bunch lengthening and also the dependence on the shunt impedance and detuning of the cavity away from the third harmonic of the main accelerating cavity. We consider two measures to reduce the effects of gaps: (i) distribution of the gaps around the ring to the greatest extent allowed and (ii) "guard bunches"with higher charges adjacent to the gaps, compensating for the charge missing in gaps. Results for parameters of the forthcoming Advanced Light Source upgrade are presented.
Androgen-induced Epigenetic Profiles of Polycomb and Trithorax Genes in Prostate Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND/AIM Androgens are essential for the growth of most prostate cancers (PCa). As a result, androgen ablation is the mainstay of the treatment of PCa. Proteins of the polycomb and trithorax family are master epigenetic regulators of cell type specific gene expression including androgen receptor. MATERIALS AND METHODS We interrogated epigenetic changes of a 24-gene panel corresponding to polycomb and trithorax genes by PCR array and differential gene expression by quantitative real time-PCR on prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) treated with the synthetic ligand R1881. RESULTS We observed the highest methylation for CBX2, PCGF6, PHC2, EZH2 and TRIM27 genes and the lowest methylation for CBX8 and PCGF2 (p<0.05), and a modest decrease in the expression of EZH2. CONCLUSION Differential methylation profiles of polycomb and trithorax genes may contribute to the dynamics of prostate carcinogenesis.
Variabilidad en el contenido de aceite en la jojoba de Argentina

Jojoba is a perennial, shrubby species, native to the Sonoran Desert, in the USA and Mexico. Jojoba was introduced in Argentina in 1976 in the province of Cordoba. Argentina is the main producer of jojoba in the world, followed by Israel, Peru and the USA. Until now, the vast majority of selection efforts have been essentially based on seed yields. The objective of this work is to determine the importance of including in the selection programs, the variability in the oil content existing in the species. The present study carried out with the available information and the one generated here, demonstrates the significant significant variability (p< 0.05) in quantity and composition of fatty acids. Knowing and raising the oil content and even its chemical composition, could allow the formation of standards that empower the producer to access bonuses for content and quality.
Abstract A16: The α-arrestin ARRDC3 functions as a metastasis suppressor by regulating GPCR activation of the Hippo pathway

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulators of the Hippo pathway, a well-established mediator of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The Hippo pathway is a promising therapeutic target, yet developing inhibitors for the core pathway components has proven difficult. As critical regulators of the Hippo pathway, GPCRs represent a potential upstream therapeutic target for cancer. However, despite the success and promise of GPCRs as therapeutic targets, there are currently no FDA-approved drugs targeting GPCRs for cancer. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is a GPCR that has been shown to activate the Hippo pathway and also promote breast cancer progression. PAR1 is overexpressed in breast cancer patient tissue biopsies and in breast carcinoma cell lines and correlates with increased rates of metastasis and poor prognosis and increased invasion and metastatic potential, respectively. One mechanism that leads to PAR1 aberrant overexpression is defective lysosomal trafficking and degradation of the receptor, leading to persistent signaling. We recently showed that arrestin domain containing protein-3 (ARRDC3), an adaptor protein for E3 ubiquitin ligases, functions as a tumor suppressor by controlling proper PAR1 trafficking and degradation in highly aggressive, triple-negative breast carcinoma cells. The dysregulation of PAR1 trafficking due to loss of ARRDC3 expression leads to persistent signaling and promotes breast cancer invasion. However, the mechanism by which ARRDC3 specifically regulates PAR1-stimulated Hippo signaling to promote breast cancer metastasis remains unknown. Here, we show that ARRDC3 regulates GPCR activation of the Hippo pathway in basal-like breast cancer, where the transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ play differential roles in GPCR-mediated signaling and invasive capacity. ARRDC3 re-expression in invasive breast carcinoma cells attenuates PAR1-mediated activation of the Hippo pathway through regulation of TAZ but not YAP activation. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of TAZ inhibits PAR1-stimulated Hippo signaling and invasion, whereas YAP siRNA knockdown has no effect. Our studies suggest a crucial role for ARRDC3 and TAZ in PAR1-Hippo pathway signaling in breast carcinoma invasion and metastasis. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway is regulated by GPCRs may lead to new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: Aleena K.S. Arakaki, Wen-An Pan, Helen Wedegaertner, JoAnn Trejo. The α-arrestin ARRDC3 functions as a metastasis suppressor by regulating GPCR activation of the Hippo pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A16.
Beneficial Effect of Genistein on Diabetes-Induced Brain Damage in the ob/ob Mouse Model.

Purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced brain damage is characterized by cellular, molecular and functional changes. The mechanisms include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, reduction of neurotrophic factors, insulin resistance, excessive amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and Tau phosphorylation. Both antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of the phytoestrogen genistein have been reported. However, the beneficial effect of genistein in brain of the ob/ob mouse model of severe obesity and diabetes remains to be determined. Methods In this study, female ob/ob mice and lean control mice were fed with either a standard diet or a diet containing genistein (600mg/kg) for a period of 4 weeks. Body weight was monitored weekly. Blood was collected for the measurement of glucose, insulin and common cytokines. Mice brains were isolated for Western immunoblotting analyses. Results Treatment with genistein reduced weight gain of ob/ob mice and decreased hyperglycemia compared to ob/ob mice fed the standard diet. The main findings show that genistein treatment increased insulin sensitivity and the expression levels of the neurotrophic factors nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF). In these mice, genistein also reduced Aβ deposition and the level of hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein. Conclusion The results of our study indicate the beneficial effects of genistein in the obese diabetic mouse brain, including improving brain insulin signaling, increasing neurotrophic support, and alleviating Alzheimer's disease-related pathology.
Is There an Association Between Negative Patient-Experience Comments and Perioperative Outcomes After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Abstract Background Multiple stakeholders are interested in improving patient experience after primary total hip arthroplasty due to shifts toward patient-centered care. Patient free-text narratives are a potentially valuable but largely unexplored source of data. Methods The records of 383 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty between August 2016 and August 2019 were combined with vendor-supplied patient satisfaction data, which included patient free-text comments and the Press Ganey satisfaction survey. A total of 1295 patient comments were analyzed for sentiment, and negative comments were categorized into nine themes. Postoperative outcomes, patient-reported outcome measures, and traditional measures of satisfaction were compared between patients who provided a negative comment vs those who did not. Multivariable regression was used to determine perioperative variables associated with providing a negative comment. Results Of the 1295 patient comments: 54% were positive, 24% were negative, 10% were mixed, and 12% were neutral. Top two themes of negative comments were room condition (25%) and inefficient communication (23%). There were no differences in studied outcomes (eg. peak pain intensity, length of stay, or improvements in hip injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores Jr. and pain visual analog scale scores at 6-week follow-up) between those who provided negative comments vs those who did not (P > .05). However, patients who made negative comments were less likely to recommend their hospital care to peers (P 2 allergies (P = .024) were more likely to provide negative comments. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that patient satisfaction appears not to be a reliable sole proxy for traditional objective outcome measures of pain relief and functional improvement.
Quantification of Legionella pneumophila by qPCR and culture in tap water with different concentrations of residual disinfectants and heterotrophic bacteria.

Abstract Legionellosis prevalence is increasing in the United States. This disease is caused primarily by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila found in water and transmitted by aerosol inhalation. This pathogen has a slow growth rate and can “hide” in amoeba, making it difficult to monitor by the traditional culture method on selective media. Tap water samples (n = 358) collected across the United States were tested for L. pneumophila by both culture and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The presence of other bacteria was quantified by heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). Residual disinfectant concentrations (free chlorine or monochloramine) were measured in all samples. Legionella pneumophila had the highest prevalence and concentration in the chlorinated water samples that had a free‑chlorine value of less than 0.2 mg Cl2/L. In total, 24% (87/358) of the samples were positive for L. pneumophila either by qPCR or 3% (11/358) were positive by culture. In chloramine-treated samples, L. pneumophila was detected by qPCR in 21% (31/148) and 1% (2/148) by culture, despite a high monochloramine residual >1 mg Cl2/L. Despite the presence of a high disinfectant residual (>1 mg Cl2/L), HPC counts were substantial. This study indicates that both culture and qPCR methods have limitations when predicting a potential risk for disease associated with L. pneumophila in tap water. Measuring disinfectant residuals and quantifying HPC in water samples may be useful adjunct parameters for reducing Legionellosis' risk from public water supplies at high-risk locations.
Two-Phase Flow Characterization in PEM Fuel Cells Using Machine Learning

Two-phase flow pressure drop in PEM fuel cells remains a critical area of research as next generation high power density systems are developed. The dynamic behavior of water in PEM fuel cell flow channels is complex due to a wide range of flow-field designs and electrode materials. Many experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to understand the underlying physics. As researchers are working to gather more data, this work proposes to use machine learning, specifically artificial neural networks (ANNs), to analyze two-phase data sets. The data of interest is the distribution of liquid water in a flow-field and the two-phase pressure drop down it. A transparent single channel flow-field was constructed and a digital syringe was used to inject water through the gas-diffusion layer simulating PEM fuel cell operation. A CCD camera was placed above the flow-field and images of the liquid distribution were gathered. Simultaneously, the two-phase pressure drop was measured using pressure transducers at the inlet and outlet of the channel. The images were post processed to differentiate liquid water from background and the processed images and pressure data were used to train an ANN in MATLAB. The resulting model utilizes an image of the flow-field water distribution as input and predicts the pressure drop as an output. The model may be used to test the effect of actual or artificial water distributions to understand fundamentally how a flow-field geometry and material handles flooding as well as to generate phase diagrams. Early results show these methods may be used to guide novel flow-field design and characterization as well as be implemented in advanced PEM fuel cell control algorithms to prevent flooding. Figure 1
Modeling job accessibility using online map data: An extended two-step floating catchment area method with multiple travel modes

Abstract Current quantitative measures of job accessibility rarely consider the interaction between job opportunities and labor force, and the effects of dynamic travel mode choice. Drawing upon multiple open-source datasets, we develop a job accessibility index by extending the two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA). The job accessibility indices are calculated for different commuting scenarios concerning distance, time, and travel modes. The results suggest that job accessibility is very sensitive to travel modes, and using a single travel mode would contribute to a biased job accessibility index. The job accessibility indices with combined travel modes are more geographically balanced than using a single travel mode. Furthermore, the new index is employed to examine the spatial pattern of job accessibility and explore the relationship between job accessibility, housing, and population in the Pudong district, Shanghai. The new job accessibility indices manifest the impacts of ring roads on the spatial distribution of job accessibility. A comparative analysis shows that the floating population has poor driving-based job accessibility but can access job opportunities using public transit. Also, poor job accessibility leads to low rent prices but has little impact on medium-high rent. Both transit-based and drive-based job accessibility indices are positively related to housing prices. Our study highlights the importance of considering dynamic travel mode choice in job accessibility research. The research outcomes also contribute to the literature on spatial mismatch by revealing the unique relationship between job accessibility, housing, and population in urban China.