cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Biology and Annual Variation of Reproductive Variables of Black Drum in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Black drums Pogonias cromis were sampled from commercial and recreational catches in the northern Gulf of Mexico from July 1987 to September 1990, Seasonal onset of spawning, evidenced by the presence of postovulatory follicles in ovarian tissue sections and by elevated gonadosomatic indices, occurred in January of each year (one female with hydrated oocytes was sampled in December 1988). Atretic oocytes observed in mid to late April indicated imminent cessation of spawning. Two of 115 females less than age 5 had achieved sexual maturity; all females age 5 and older were mature. Fifty percent maturity of females was attained at 640–649 mm fork length and all females larger than 690 mm were mature. Male black drums entered the breeding population at a younger age (>50% maturity at age 4) and a smaller size (50% maturity at 610–620 mm). Multiple oocyte stages observed throughout the annual spawning seasons verified groupsynchronous oocyte development and multiple batch spawning. Estimated batch fec...
The resorption of primary cilia during mitosis in a vertebrate (PtK1) cell line

A high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) was used to investigate the fate of primary cilia during late interphase and mitosis in a ciliated subline of PtK1 (Potorous tridactylis). The results provide direct evidence that PtK1 cells which possess primary cilia resorb their cilia during the early stages of spindle formation and subsequently complete a normal mitotic division. During late interphase the single diplosome with its attached cilium replicates to form two diplosomes, only one of which has an associated cilium. It was found that during the early stages of spindle formation (i.e., during prophase to prometaphase) the primary cilium is progressively resorbed so that by metaphase each spindle pole contains two normal centrioles. During resorption the axoneme with its attached centriole is incorporated into the cytoplasm where it is gradually disorganized from its distal end. The resorption of cilia during the early stages of mitosis suggests that this organelle is part of the cytoplasmic microtubule complex (CMTC). This report constitutes the first documentation of ciliary resorption during mitosis in a vertebrate cell.
On-Task Participation of Typical Students close to and away from Classmates with Disabilities in an Elementary Music Classroom

The purpose of this case study was to assess on-task participation by individual typical students in an inclusive elementary music classroom when students were close to and away from classmates with disabilities. Ten typical fourth-grade children in an inclusive music class of 24 students, two of whom had disabilities, were selected for observation. No specific instructions were given to students regarding interactions with peers with disabilities. Computerized software was used to record on-task and off task behaviors. Findings show differences among typical students related to the two classmates with disabilities and in different locations. Results discussed include individual differences among typical students, location and the academic success of students with and without disabilities, and the importance of teaching typical children when and how to interact with their classmates with disabilities.
Luminescence excitation spectra of TbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−)

Abstract A systematic study of the excitation spectrum of TbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) is presented in this work. In general, the excitation spectra of TbX3 can be divided into three major regions: (1) the short-wave host lattice absorption region, (2) the intermediate absorption region where the Tb3+ 4f8 → 4f75d1 interconfigurational excitation transition are located, and (3) the long-wave excitation region where the Tb3+ 4f8 → 4f8 intraconfigurational excitation transition are located. The high spin and the low spin components of the Tb3+ interconfigurational excitation transition are clearly identified in the case of TbCl3. The luminescence of TbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) is dominated by emission transitions emanating from the Tb3+ 5D4 state. A comparative study of the optical properties of TbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) with the properties of the Tb3+ ion in several halide host lattices is presented. Further, a comparative study of the fundamental host lattice optical transitions in terbium halides and other halide materials is also presented.
Effect of age on intestinal absorption of riboflavin in humans.

The development of gastrointestinal absorption function in humans was studied using riboflavin, a vitamin which is absorbed by a site-specific (proximal small intestine) and saturable transport process. Oral doses of 150 mg./m.2 body surface area of riboflavin-5′-phosphate were administered in solution to subjects ranging in age from 0.25 to 40 years. The urinary recovery of the vitamin increased significantly (from 6 to 12% of the dose) over this age range. The ratio of maximum excretion rate to dose and the time of occurrence of the maximum excretion rate were independent of age. The kinetics of riboflavin elimination also did not show any appreciable change with age. These observations suggest that, in the age range studied, younger subjects retain the vitamin at intestinal absorption sites for a shorter period of time than do older subjects. This appears to be due to decreased intestinal transit rate with increasing age. Prompt release of drugs from pharmaceutical dosage forms seems therefore even more important in children than in adults in order to assure adequate absorption.
Distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 14C-labeled quaternary ammonium salt of mepazine and promethazine in rats.

Studies on the biological fate and antimicrobial activity of mepazine and promethazine methiodide are presented. Synthesis of 14C-methiodide and estimation of the unchanged compound in biological materials are described. After intraperitoneal administration, the majority of these compounds was excreted in feces. The radioactivity in the liver and kidneys prevailed over other organs. Blood levels were low but above the significant level in both compounds. Brain level of promethazine methiodide-14C was detectable but that of mepazine methiodide-14C was insignificant. These compounds displayed a significant antimicrobial activity.
Histidine transport into isolated animal cells

At pH values where it is predominantly without net charge, histidine in dilute solution divided its uptake by the Ehrlich cell between the Na+-independent L system and the Na+-requiring A system. As in every other case studied the L component was partially inhibitable by lysine, partially not. At pH 5, where it is chiefly a cation, an additional component became perceptible, one which could be inhibited by lysine but not by neutral amino acids, which is assigned to the Ly+ system. These observations extend generalizations suggesting that the L and Ly+ systems are associated so that partially competitive inhibition occurs between their respective substrates. An apparent heterogeneity in the interaction between histidine and phenylalanine in the constant-ratio test is probably explained by the role of the Ly+ system in histidine uptake expected for the cationic form of histidine even at pH 7.4. In various erythrocytes histidine uptake was simpler because of the absence of an A system and the minimal reactivity of histidine with any other Na+-requiring system. Although it reacted here also both as a cation and a neutral amino acid, interaction between the corresponding transport systems was inconspicuous.
Elections and public polling: Will the media get online polling right?

Public survey research came in for much criticism during the 2000 elections. The greatest controversy centered on the flawed data coming from the Voter News Service exit polls in Florida. For the long run, however, a more important issue concerned the validity and media reporting of surveys conducted online. Most online surveys are pseudo-polls, whose findings have no merit and should not be reported by the media. Their value is entertainment only. The fundamental problems with online surveys are that the samples drawn are unrepresentative of the population as a whole and the participants are self-selected. Two survey firms are trying to resolve the issue of sampling errors, using fundamentally different strategies, and spending enormous sums of money to create truly representative panels. The 2000 election results showed that online polling, done right, can be even more accurate than traditional telephone surveys. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Hierarchical Clustering and Dendrograms to Quantify the Clustering of Membrane Proteins

We test our new clustering analysis approach against electron microscopy images from an experiment in which mast cells were exposed for 1 or 2 minutes to increasing concentrations of antigen that crosslink IgE bound to its high affinity receptor, FceRI, then fixed and the FceRI β subunit labeled with 5 nm gold particles. The clustering ratio analysis confirms the increase in clustering with increasing antigen dose predicted from visual analysis and from the Hopkins statistic. Access to a robust and sensitive tool to both observe and quantify clustering is a key step toward understanding the detailed fine scale structure of the membrane, and ultimately to determining the role of spatial organization in the regulation of transmembrane signaling.
On memory for metaphor.

Three experiments investigated how metaphors are represented in memory and the effects on memory of variables known to affect metaphor comprehension. Ten theoretically relevant dimensions were examined. In Experiments 1 and 2, free recall across a variety of orienting tasks was consistently and positively predicted by the rated imageability of metaphoric topics (sentence subjects) and the rated number of interpretations for each metaphor. The number of interpretations effect was reversed in the cued recall task of Experiment 3, as metaphors with fewer interpretations were remembered better. These and other results supported previous suggestions that memory for metaphor involves wholistic representations akin to metaphoric grounds. They also revealed consistent differences in the roles of several variables in comprehension and memory for metaphor.
LASOM: Location Aware Self-Organizing Map for discovering similar and unique visual features of geographical locations

Can a machine tell us if an image was taken in Beijing or New York? Automated identification of the geographical coordinates based on image content is of particular importance to data mining systems, because geolocation provides a large source of context for other useful features of an image. However, successful localization of unannotated images requires a large collection of images that cover all possible locations. Brute-force searches over the entire databases are costly in terms of computation and storage requirements, and achieve limited results. Knowing what visual features make a particular location unique or similar to other locations can be used for choosing a better match between spatially distance locations. However, doing this at global scales is a challenging problem. In this paper we propose an on-line, unsupervised, clustering algorithm called Location Aware Self-Organizing Map (LASOM), for learning the similarity graph between different regions. The goal of LASOM is to select key features in specific locations so as to increase the accuracy in geotagging untagged images, while also reducing computational and storage requirements. Different from other Self-Organizing Map algorithms, LASOM provides the means to learn a conditional distribution of visual features, conditioned on geospatial coordinates. We demonstrate that the generated map not only preserves important visual information, but provides additional context in the form of visual similarity relationships between different geographical areas. We show how this information can be used to improve geotagging results when using large databases.
Stimulation of in-vitro growth of rat liver cells with calf serum drawn following partial hepatectomy.

Abstract The study described indicates that there is a factor or factors in calf serum drawn following partial hepatectomy which accelerates the in vitro growth of liver cells of another species, in this case, the rat. This factor appears to be stimulatory specifically to liver cells, as opposed to kidney cells or HESM cells. The effect may be noted with serum drawn from the calf for 1 to 3 weeks following partial hepatectomy, and not with serum drawn from the same calf prior to the liver extirpation or more than 3 weeks following the extirpation. It appears that development of this stimulatory effect in the serum of the donor animal is related to the excision of liver tissue, and not to the excision of kidney or a segment of the intestinal tract, or to the removal of whole blood.
A critical analysis of CLO and O3 in the mid-latitude stratosphere

In the upper stratosphere, an altitude range in which ozone should be in photochemical steady-state, calculated ozone abundances that are derived from a one-dimensional photochemical model with updated chemistry are up to 60% smaller than mean observed values. On the other hand, the model results for the key free radicals (HO_x, NO_x, and ClO_x species) in the catalytic destruction of ozone are shown to be in reasonable agreement with available measurements. The general validity of the model simulation of ClO_x chemistry is confirmed through a detailed intercomparison between the computed ClO diurnal variation and recently published ground-based microwave observations. Since many field measurements are performed near sunrise or sunset, the uncertainties in the model results arising from the details of the radiation field calculations at large zenith angles are discussed. Although the calculated ozone discrepancy could be the result of a number of errors in adopted photochemical parameters, a sensitivity analysis shows that no reasonable change in any one or two parameters can resolve this problem. The limited available observations regarding the ratio of atomic oxygen to ozone suggest a possible discrepancy in that quantity, which could be responsible for a large part of the ozone problem.
One Dimensional Conducting Polymers

Abstract Simultaneously with a study of the properties of the one dimensional polymeric metal poly(su1fur nitride),1,2 we have attempted to incorporate one dimensional strands of poly(iodine) atoms and poly(sulfur nitride) into the canals of clathrating hosts. If such structures could be prepared, modification of the clathrating structure and its polarizability might result in another approach to the Little model3 of conjugated “spines” surrounded by polarizable “side groups” leading to an excitonic mechanism of superconductivity.
Piezoresistive cantilever array sensor for consolidated bioprocess monitoring

Cellulolytic microbes occur in diverse natural niches and are being screened for industrial modification and utility. A microbe for Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) development can rapidly degrade pure cellulose and then ferment the resulting sugars into fuels. To identify and screen for novel microbes for CBP, we have developed a piezoresistive cantilever array sensor which is capable of simultaneous monitoring of glucose and ethanol concentration changes in a phosphate buffer solution. 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-thiol are employed to functionalize each piezoresistive cantilever for glucose and ethanol sensing, respectively. Successful concentration measurements of glucose and ethanol with minimal interferences are obtained with our cantilever array sensor.
Thermal-chemical instabilities in CO clouds

The stability of interstellar clouds containing CO is analyzed taking account of formation processes for CO. Two such processes are examined: O(+) charge exchange and C(+) radiative association. It is found that the C(+) radiative-association chemistry leads to low-temperature instabilities which influence the evolution of clouds. It is also found that instability may set in if CO production increases sufficiently with density, that the O(+) charge-exchange chemistry leads to instability associated with attenuation of the interstellar radiation field by grains, and that thermal instabilities will also result if grain formation, rather than ion-molecule chemistry, dominates CO production. It is suggested that such instabilities play a role in the fragmentation of interstellar clouds and in the formation of protostellar objects.
Dynamic mapping at the laminar level of odor-elicited responses in rat olfactory bulb by functional MRI

We have applied functional MRI (fMRI) based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) image-contrast to map odor-elicited olfactory responses at the laminar level in the rat olfactory bulb (OB) elicited by iso-amyl acetate (10(-2) dilution of saturated vapor) with spatial and temporal resolutions of 220x220x1,000 micro(m) and 36 s. The laminar structure of the OB was clearly depicted by high-resolution in vivo anatomical MRI with spatial resolution of 110x110x1,000 micro(m). In repeated BOLD fMRI measurements, highly significant (P < 0.001) foci were located in the outer layers of both OBs. The occurrence of focal OB activity within a domain at the level of individual glomeruli or groups of glomeruli was corroborated on an intra- and inter-animal basis under anesthetized conditions with this noninvasive method. The dynamic studies demonstrated that the odor-elicited BOLD activations were highly reproducible on a time scale of minutes, whereas over tens of minutes the activations sometimes varied slowly. We found large BOLD signal (DeltaS/S = 10-30%) arising from the olfactory nerve layer, which is devoid of synapses and composed of unmyelinated fibers and glial cells. Our results support previous studies with other methods showing that odors elicit activity within glomerular layer domains in the mammalian OB, and extend the analysis to shorter time periods at the level of individual glomeruli or groups of glomeruli. With further improvement, BOLD fMRI should be ideal for systematic analysis of the functional significance of individual glomeruli in olfactory information encoding and of spatiotemporal processing within the olfactory system.
Characterization of Small Molecule Modulators of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator using Backscattering Interferometry

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetically-inherited disease characterized by the loss of function of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), a chloride ion channel located in the epithelial lining of the lungs and pancreas. CFTR function is reduced or eliminated as the result of a variety of genetic mutations, leading to harmful fluid buildup, decreased organ function, and eventually death. Our goal is to identify and characterize the molecular interactions of several disease-relevant mutations of CFTR with a variety of small molecule modulators of the protein. To this end, we use a highly-sensitive label-free detection method based on backscattering interferometry (BSI). By displaying CFTR in a native membrane environment, we have observed and characterized the interactions of several small molecule modulators, obtaining both binding affinities and structural information about CFTR. This information has allowed us to conclusively determine the previously unknown binding site for one of these modulators.
Relationships Between NDVI, Canopy Structure, and Photosynthesis in Three Californian Vegetation Types

In a range of plant species from three Californian vegetation types, we examined the widely used "normalized difference vegetation index" (NDVI) and "simple ratio" (SR) as indicators of canopy structure, light absorption, and photosynthetic activity. These indices, which are derived from canopy reflectance in the red and near-infrared wavebands, highlighted phenological differences between evergreen and deciduous canopies. They were poor indicators of total canopy biomass due to the varying abundance of non-green standing biomass in these vegetation types. However, in sparse canopies (leaf area index [LAI]°0-2), NDVI was a sensitive indicator of canopy structure and chemical content (green biomass, green leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and foliar nitrogen content). At higher canopy green LAI values (>2; typical of dense shrubs and trees), NDVI was relatively insensitive to changes in canopy structure. Compared to SR, NDVI was better correlated with indicators of canopy structure and chemical content, but was equivalent to the logarithm of SR. In agreement with theoretical expectations, both NDVI and SR exhibited near-linear correlations with fractional PAR intercepted by green leaves over a wide range of canopy densities. Maximum daily photosynthetic rates were positively correlated with NDVI and SR in annual grassland and semideciduous shrubs where canopy development and photosynthetic activity were in synchrony. The indices were also correlated with peak springtime canopy photosynthetic rates in evergreens. However, over most of the year, these indices were poor predictors of photosynthetic performance in evergreen species due to seasonal reductions in photosynthetic radiation-use efficiency that occurred without substantial declines in canopy greenness. Our results support the use of these vegetation indices as remote indicators of PAR absorption, and thus potential photosynthetic activity, even in heterogeneous landscapes. To provide accurate estimates of vegetation-atmosphere gas fluxes, remote NDVI and SR measurements need to be coupled with careful estimates of canopy photosynthetic radiation-use efficiency.
SVM-based multi-sensor fusion for free-living physical activity assessment

This paper presents a sensor fusion method for assessing physical activity (PA) of human subjects, based on the support vector machines (SVMs). Specifically, acceleration and ventilation measured by a wearable multi-sensor device on 50 test subjects performing 13 types of activities of varying intensities are analyzed, from which the activity types and related energy expenditures are derived. The result shows that the method correctly recognized the 13 activity types 84.7% of the time, which is 26% higher than using a hip accelerometer alone. Also, the method predicted the associated energy expenditure with a root mean square error of 0.43 METs, 43% lower than using a hip accelerometer alone. Furthermore, the fusion method was effective in reducing the subject-to-subject variability (standard deviation of recognition accuracies across subjects) in activity recognition, especially when data from the ventilation sensor was added to the fusion model. These results demonstrate that the multi-sensor fusion technique presented is more effective in assessing activities of varying intensities than the traditional accelerometer-alone based methods.
The physical properties and molecular structure of Ligamentum Nuchae elastin

The swelling and equilibrium stress–strain behavior of elastin in formamide and in its aqueous solution shows a “loosening” effect on the structure of elastin. The nature of the changes are irreversible even after the solvent has been leached out. The possible reason for such structural changes may relate to hydrophobic bonding and hydrogen bonding. Enzymatic studies on the hydrolysis of formamide treated and untreated elastin confirm these same observations.
The Requirement for Molecular Chaperones during Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Protein Degradation Demonstrates That Protein Export and Import Are Mechanistically Distinct

Polypeptide import into the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requires two hsp70s, Ssa1p in the cytosol and BiP (Kar2p) in the ER lumen. After import, aberrant polypeptides may be exported to the cytoplasm for degradation by the proteasome, and defects in the ER chaperone calnexin (Cne1p) compromise their degradation. Both import and export require BiP and the Sec61p translocation complex, suggesting that import and export may be mechanistically related. We now show that the cne1Delta and two kar2 mutant alleles exhibit a synthetic interaction and that the export and degradation of pro-alpha factor is defective in kar2 mutant microsomes. Pulse-chase analysis indicates that A1PiZ, another substrate for degradation, is stabilized in the kar2 strains at the restrictive temperature. Because two of the kar2 mutants examined are proficient for polypeptide import, the roles of BiP during ER protein export and import differ, indicating that these processes must be mechanistically distinct. To examine whether Ssa1p drives polypeptides from the ER and is also required for degradation, we assembled reactions using strains either containing a mutation in SSA1 or in which the level of Ssa1p could be regulated. We found that pro-alpha factor and A1PiZ were degraded normally, indicating further that import and export are distinct and that other cytosolic factors may pull polypeptides from the ER.
Research and practice in HRM: A historical perspective

Abstract The field of Human Resource Management began, formally, in the early days of the 20th century. At the outset, research and practice in the field were virtually synonymous, and there were clear links between the two. But there seems to be consensus that research and practice have diverged over recent decades and there have been numerous papers that have pointed this out, and which have also suggested ways to bring the two sides into better alignment. The present paper joins the ranks of those who have noted this divergence, but we also propose a model of the forces leading to that divergence that deal with forces operating on both researchers and managers. This analysis results in some different conclusions about the nature of the divergence, as well as suggestions for how to bring the two sides back together.
An expert system for selecting liquid chromatographic separation methods

Abstract The Expert Separation Program (ESP) is an expert system designed to aid the inexperienced analytical chemist in choosing a separation method for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Properties of compounds—molecular weight, solubility, polarity, ionic nature, acid/base character, pH dependence, presence of isomers, and presence of functional groups—drive reasoning from first principles. Prolog supports a production rule approach to selecting and explaining a separation system characterized by: column, solvent system, buffer and detector.
A voltammetric investigation of the reactions between surface-confined amines and quinones on gold electrodes: evidence for imine formation

Abstract A surface-confined layer containing naphthoquinone was prepared by reacting 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone with the amino tail groups of an aminoethanethiolate-modified vapor-deposited gold surface; this surface layer was then reacted with β -ferrocenylethylamine. These modified gold electrodes were examined with cyclic staircase voltammetry in aqueous HClO 4 at the completion of each step in this sequence of reactions. The voltammetric signature for the 2e − , 2H + reduction of the quinoid redox centers disappeared after the ferrocene compound was reacted with the naphthoquinone surface layer; furthermore, the surface coverage of ferrocene was twice that expected on the basis of a 1:1 reaction between the surface-bound naphthoquinone and β -ferrocenylethylamine. These results suggest that the latter reacts with the naphthoquinone carbonyl groups to form a surface-confined di-imine, which cannot be reduced within the electrochemical potential window of aqueous HClO 4 . In similar experiments, 2-[4′-( β -ferrocenylethylaminocarbonyl)phenyl]-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-[2′-( β -ferrocenylethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl]anthraquinone were synthesized and reacted with aminoethanethiolate-modified gold surfaces. When examined at a platinum electrode in nonaqueous solvents, both of the freely diffusing compounds exhibited two pairs of voltammetric waves characteristic of quinoid and ferrocene functionalities. However, only the ferrocene redox centers of the resulting surface-confined layers were electroactive, suggesting that the reaction of these compounds with the surface-confined aminoethanethiolate involves conversion of the quinoid carbonyls to imines.
Localized U(1) Gauge Fields, Millicharged Particles, and Holography

We consider U(1) gauge fields in a slice of ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}$ with bulk and boundary mass parameters. The zero mode of a bulk U(1) gauge field can be localized either on the UV or IR brane. This leads to a simple model of millicharged particles in which fermions can have arbitrarily small electric charge. In the electroweak sector we also discuss phenomenological implications of a localized $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{Y}$ gauge boson. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence we present the 4D holographic interpretation of the 5D model. In particular the photon is shown to be a composite particle when localized near the IR brane, whereas it is elementary when localized near the UV brane. In the dual interpretation the millicharge results from an elementary fermion coupling to a composite photon via a vector current with large anomalous dimension.
Crop mulch effects on Rhizoctonia soil infestation and disease severity in conservation-tilled cotton

Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and fallow (no winter cover crop) were used as mulch crops preceding cotton planted in a conservation tillage system. In field tests, cotton emergence and survival were reduced in legume mulches with significant differences at the second planting in 1985. Assessments of Rhizoctonia soil infestation estimated using a modified stem trap baiting procedure, indicated higher amounts of Rhizoctonia in cotton following legume crops than in cotton following fallow. In greenhouse studies, comparisons of warm (29 ± 2°C day and 21 ± 2°C night) and cool (29 ± 2°C day and 10 ± 2°C night) temperature regimes imposed on the clover, vetch and fallow treatments, demonstrated that the cool temperature regime significantly reduced emergence and survival of cotton seedlings. However, there was no interaction of cropping treatments (legume cropped or fallowed treatments with temperature regimes). Cotton seedling disease severity in the greenhouse assay of field-collected soil samples showed a significant interaction among year, soil treatment and temperature.
Early combination therapy: intracavernosal injections and sildenafil following radical prostatectomy increases sexual activity and the return of natural erections

Early pharmacological prophylaxis has been reported to increase the return of spontaneous erections following radical prostatectomy (RP). In this study, we evaluated the role of intracavernosal alprostadil (PGE1) combined with sildenafil in stimulating early recovery of spontaneous erections following RP. In this prospective study, we included 22 patients who underwent bilateral nerve-sparing RP after October 2004. Sildenafil dose of 50 mg/day was started at the time of hospital discharge. Of 22 patients, 18 started on PGE1-4 microg (1-8) and four started on low-dose Trimix (20 U) 2-3 times/week. These patients are followed up at regular intervals (3, 6, 9 and 12 months) with abridged version of the International Index for Erectile Function-5 questionnaire. Patient compliance, return of sexual activity and return of natural erection, adverse effects and reasons for discontinuation were recorded. Penile doppler studies were performed during followup visits to assess the vascular status. After a mean followup of 6 months (3-8 months), 11/22 (50%) patients had return of spontaneous partial erections. Of the 18 PGE1 users, six continued 4 microg PGE1, four increased the dose to 8 microg, six decreased the dose to 2 microg and two patients further reduced the dose to 1 microg. Of four low-dose Trimix users, three increased the dose to 30 U and one reduced the dose to 15 U. Of 22 patients, 21 were sexually active: 12/21 (57%) with the injections alone and 9/21 (42.9%) with combination therapy (injections (PGE1) and sildenafil). Penile doppler studies revealed arterial insufficiency in 77% (17/22) patients and venous insufficiency in one patient. Early intracavernosal injections following RP facilitated early sexual intercourse, patient satisfaction and potentially earlier return of natural erections. Early combination therapy with sildenafil allowed a lower dose of intracavernous injections, minimizing the penile discomfort.
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Novel Heat Exchanger

Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer simulations are conducted for a novel shell-tube type heat exchanger. The heat exchanger consists of tube with a narrow slot oriented in the streamwise direction. Numerical simulations are conducted for the Reynolds number of 1500. The 3D turbulent flow in the tube bank region is modeled by k-e Reynolds stress averaging method by employing ANSYS FLUENT. 3-D transient flow and heat transfer simulations are conducted to determine the flow structure and temperature profiles in the wake of cylinders in the first row and other rows. The effects of the slot size and the orientation and the arrangement of the cylinder in different configuration will be examined. The slotted tube heat exchanger improved heat transfer by more than 27% compare to the traditional shell-tube heat exchanger without slots. Enhancement in heat transfer is even higher at higher values of Reynolds number.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effects of Impact Dehuller Rotor Speed on Dehulling Characteristics of Diverse Oat Genotypes Grown in Different Environments

ABSTRACT Commercial processing of oats for human consumption generally requires impact dehulling to isolate groats from the hull. Impact dehulling involves feeding oat grain into the center of a spinning rotor that expels the grain against the walls of the dehuller. The force of the impact breaks the hull from the groat. We have tested the effect of rotor speed on dehulling efficiency, groat breakage, and unbroken groat yield on 18 oat genotypes from replicated plots in six different environments. Dehulling efficiency and groat breakage increased with rotor speed with all genotypes and environments, but there were significant genotypic and environmental effects as well. In general, genotypes with higher test weight and kernel density dehulled more efficiently at slower rotor speeds. Oat genotypes with higher oil and protein concentrations in their groats tended to break less during dehulling. Oats from hotter, drier environments suffered greater groat breakage. Maximal unbroken groat yield represented a b...
Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES) and School Performance.

Abstract The aims of this study were to explore the validity of a set of computerized tests, and to explore the validity of reaction time variability as an index of sustained attention. In Phase 1, 105 children 7–10 years old were presented with five tests from the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES). The children were able to complete four of the tests: the Continuous Performance, Simple Reaction Time, Symbol-Digit Substitution, and Digit Span tests. In Phase 2, a follow-up of 88 children, performance on these tests was significantly associated with teachers' ratings of attention and with standardized academic achievement measures. Moreover, variability on the Simple Reaction Time and performance on the Digit Span and Symbol-Digit tests significantly predicted reading achievement. Similarly, performance on the Digit Span and Symbol-Digit tests significantly predicted mathematics achievement. In addition, variability on the Simple Reaction Time and Digit Span test performance were significant predictors of reading achievement above and beyond the prediction provided by teachers' ratings.
Effects of nanodiamond abrasive friability in experimental MR fluids with phosphate laser glass LHG-8 and other optical glasses

Research is currently being conducted to better understand the role that nanodiamond abrasives play in the removal process of Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF). The following presents removal rate data for a set of six optical glasses that were spotted (not polished out) with four different MR fluids, as well as texturing/smoothing data for phosphate laser glass LHG-8. Three of the fluids contained nanodiamonds with varying friability levels and the fourth fluid was an abrasive-free fluid that was used as a baseline for comparison. The medium friability nanodiamonds were found to be the most efficient in removing material on LHG-8, and the three silicate glasses, FS, BK-7 and FD-60. The high friability nanodiamond fluid was the most efficient for removal with the titanium and fluro- phosphate glasses EFDS-1 and FCD-1. With this nanodiamond the removal rates of all six glasses followed a mechanical figure of merit. The presence of nanodiamonds in the MR fluid greatly affected the surface texture of LHG-8. The abrasive-free MR fluid caused severe pitting that was either reduced or eliminated once the nanodiamonds were added to the fluid.
Modeling soil electrical conductivity–depth relationships with data from proximal and penetrating ECa sensors

Abstract Apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), a widely used proximal soil sensing technology, is related to several important soil properties, including salinity, clay content, and bulk density. Particularly in layered soils, interpretation of ECa variations would be enhanced with better calibrations to depth-wise variations in these soil properties. Thus, the objective of this research was to combine point measurements of layer conductivity obtained using ECa-equipped penetrometers with mapped ECa data from proximal sensors for improved quantification of conductivity–depth relationships in layered soils. Data were collected from a set of large plots on a claypan-soil landscape in central Missouri which had been managed in grain and perennial grass cropping systems for 20 years. Soil ECa variation with depth was represented by both two- and three-layer models that were visualized and parameterized with the use of penetrometer ECa data. The three-layer model provided a more realistic representation of the soil profiles in the study area and provided similar topsoil depth estimation accuracy as the commonly used two layer model. Penetrometer ECa data also provided efficient and accurate (r2 = 0.92) estimation of calibration-point topsoil depth as an alternative to soil coring and manual determination. A key to accurate model calibration was selection of points from areas of spatially-homogeneous proximal ECa. Combining penetrometer ECa with proximal ECa data improved modeling of conductivity–depth relationships in terms of model selection, model parameterization, and model calibration.
Exercise intervention for management of obesity

Obesity touches the lives of most Americans regardless of age. In adults, accrual of co-morbidities, including frank disability, impacts health in ways that mandate aggressive public health action. In children, the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity raises serious prospective concerns for life as these children enter adulthood. Action is imperative to provide medical interventions and preventive strategies to reduce the threat this condition poses to future generations. Obesity primarily results from an energy regulation imbalance within the body; understanding its origin and effects requires considering both the intake (via eating) and output (via moving) of energy. This article focuses on how exercise and physical activity (i.e., energy output) can influence the primary condition of obesity and its health sequelae. Components, strategies, and expected outcomes of exercise and lifestyle activity are addressed. Successful long-term participation in daily movement requires matching exercise regimens and physical activity outlets to individual preferences and environmental conditions. Activity habits of Americans must change at home and in the workplace, schools and the community to positively influence health. Although the goals of Healthy People 2010 to reduce sedentary behavior have not been met, success of other public health interventions (e.g., immunizations, use of bicycle helmets) suggests that social change to alter activity habits can be achieved. Failure to reach our public health goals should serve as a catalyst for broad-based action to help children, adolescents, and adults attain and maintain behaviors that reduce the risk of obesity and its health insults.
Purely kinetic k-essence as unified dark matter

We examine $k$-essence models in which the Lagrangian $p$ is a function only of the derivatives of a scalar field $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ and does not depend explicitly on $\ensuremath{\varphi}$. The evolution of $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ for an arbitrary functional form for $p$ can be given in terms of an exact analytic solution. For quite general conditions on the functional form of $p$, such models can evolve to a state characterized by a density $\ensuremath{\rho}$ scaling with the scale factor $a$ as $\ensuremath{\rho}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}+{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{1}(a/{a}_{0}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, but with a sound speed ${c}_{s}^{2}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ at all times. Such models can serve as a unified model for dark matter and dark energy, while avoiding the problems of the generalized Chaplygin gas models, which are due to a non-negligible sound speed in these models. A dark-energy component with ${c}_{s}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ serves to suppress cosmic microwave background fluctuations on large-angular scales.
Applying empowerment: organizational model

Empowerment is not merely a new buzzword introduced to capture the imagination of current trends in management science. It comprises an innovative approach to working with people and a shift from top‐down management styles which have dominated control mechanism and managerial concepts in both theory and practice since the industrial revolution. This paper suggests a novel typology and analytical framework based on a two dimensional model of organizational contexts of empowerment. These dimensions are belief (in the underlying ideas of empowerment) and fairness (honesty). The model’s four quadrants are labelled as dissociated, enlightened, fraudulent, and miser. It goes on to describe the constituted four prototypes associated with each quadrant. Each quadrant is illustrated by actual or hypothetical cases. All in all, the paper provides a clear depiction of the options organizations are faced with in applying empowerment and their consequences.
Edge effects in a viscoelastic-elastic bead seal

Abstract The stress behavior at, and in the vicinity of, the free end of a glass-to-metal seal is studied analytically. Finite-element computations reveal a sharp peak in radial stress at the free end in the vicinity of the interface. This peak develops at an early stage of cooling when stresses elsewhere are nearly zero. At a distance of four elastic core radii (or about 1 mm) from the free end, the magnitude of the radial stress converges to that predicted by the Scherer-Rekhson theory of a long bead seal. Shear stress, substantial near the free end, drops off nearly to zero as the distance from the free end increases to three elastic core radii. A heuristic model, called Saint-Venant's Ladder, is devised to illustrate the main trend in the shear stress behavior.
The accurate determination of capacitance

THE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE of the work described in this paper is as follows: to develop a new method for accurately determining the capacitance associated with two-dimensional composite regions. The term capacitance refers to the ordinary electric capacitance associated with two charged conductors. However, the method is also directly applicable to the determination of the permeance of magnetic fields, the shape factor of thermal fields and to other analogous situations. “Accurately determine” is taken to mean determination of the capacitance with errors in the order of one part in one thousand. Although such accuracy has been claimed for certain electrolytic tank analog methods, it is usually possible only after careful attention is given to each source of error. Such errors can arise in both the construction and the measurements associated with the analog solution. In the present method, electrically conducting paper models, much easier to construct, are used and only ordinary care is required in the measurement techniques. The usual errors encountered in the use of such paper models, amounting to several per cent, are avoided by utilizing analytical methods to obtain a first approximation amounting to perhaps 90% of the final result, and using the paper analogs to determine the other 10%. Thus, the error in the final result will be in the order of a few per cents, of say 10%, or in the order of a few tenths of 1%.
Assessment of Ethical Performance of Organization Members: A Conceptual Framework

This article describes a conceptual framework that facilitates the assessment of the ethical performance of organization members. Based upon measurement principles applied to general work performance assessment, this framework is comprised of three components: the major stakeholders of the organization, the categorizing of organization members into individual or group units for accountability, and the division of performance into behaviors or results. Ethical standards can be formulated for combinations of these three components and expressed in terms of existing laws, or organizational or professional standards. The importance of the framework for business ethics research and theory development is discussed.
Understanding transient latchup hazards and the impact of guard rings

An experimental study of transient latchup is conducted. Measurements are performed on test structures fabricated in 90-nm and 130-nm CMOS technologies. The worst case testing conditions differ for static and transient latchup. Device simulation is used to understand the measurement results. P-well and N-well guard rings are evaluated under transient test conditions.
Further characterization of the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide preparations on cyclic GMP levels: the importance of macromolecular synthesis

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) greatly increase cGMP levels in short term cultures of rat fetal liver cells without affecting the concentration of cAMP. This effect is produced by very small (1 ng) amounts of LPS and is both dose and time dependent. The time dependence is characterized by an initial lag period of 60-120 min followed by a rapid, persistent increase in cGMP levels. Since this time course suggests that synthesis of an intermediate might play an important role in the cGMP elevation, a series of experiments was done to evaluate the effect of LPS on DNA, RNA, and protein (macromolecular) synthesis. LPS did not measurably effect total macromolecular synthesis. However, inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis markedly reduced cGMP levels in LPS-treated cells, whereas inhibition of DNA synthesis did not. Addition of sodium nitroprusside to control and inhibitor-treated cultures produced large equivalent increases of cGMP levels in both cases, indicating that the cells present were fully capable of responding to a stimulus of guanylate cyclase. Taken together, this data suggests that expression of the LPS-cGMP response in fetal liver cells is dependent on synthesis of an intermediary protein(s) during the lag phase.