cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dobutamine stress test and beta-agonist - a potential concern for nuclear cardiology testing: a case report.

Introduction: Chest pain with ST-segment elevation is a rare clinical problem during dobutamine stress testing. Although beta-agonists treatment prior to dobutamine stress testing has been shown to reduce the duration and amount of dobutamine infusion and atropine requirement, there is insufficient information about potential complications of this pharmacologic combination. Case presentation: We present a 67-year-old patient with dobutamine stress testing -induced chest pain and ST elevation who received albuterol for clinical treatment of bronchospastic disease prior to the test. She developed persistent chest pain and ST elevation despite medical management. Urgent cardiac catheterization showed no significant obstructive coronary artery disease. Thus coronary artery spasm was likely responsible for the chest pain and electrocardiogram abnormality in our patient as a result of b-agonist and dobutamine combination. Conclusions: Beta-agonists pre-treatment with dobutamine stress testing may induce coronary spasm in association with chest pain and ST elevation. Clinicians and nuclear cardiologist should be aware of this potential side effect of b-agonists treatment with dobutamine stress testing, particularly since dobutamine stress testing in nuclear cardiology is done in patient with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Ion Exchange Chromatographic Behavior of a Homologous Cytochrome C Variant Library Obtained by Controlled Succinylation

A cytochrome C homologous library with varying charge distribution was employed to study the effects of protein surface modification on protein retention in cation exchange chromatography. Varying quantities of succinic anhydride were added to horse cytochrome c to control the degree of succinylation of protein surface lysine residues. Cation exchange chromatography was then carried out using a succinylated protein mixture containing primarily single lysine modifications and the collected fractions were evaluated using direct infusion and tryptic digest–mass spectrometry to determine the degree of succinylation and the sites of modification on the protein surface. Electrostatic potential (EP) maps of the native protein and the variants were generated to provide insight into the elution order of the variants and the results indicated that there were two major binding regions on the protein surface. Variants showing the largest change in retention time as compared to the native protein had modified residues...
Developing a Tabletop Exercise to Test Community Resilience: Lessons from the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Project.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop and test a community resilience tabletop exercise to assess progress in community resilience and to provide an opportunity for quality improvement and capacity building. METHODS: A tabletop exercise was developed for the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience (LACCDR) project by using an extended heat wave scenario with health and infrastructure consequences. The tabletop was administered to preparedness only (control) and resilience (intervention) coalitions during the summer of 2014. Each exercise lasted approximately 2 hours. The coalitions and LACCDR study team members independently rated each exercise to assess 4 resilience levers (partnership, engagement, self-sufficiency, and education). Resilience coalitions received more detailed feedback in the form of recommendations for improvement. RESULTS: The resilience coalitions performed the same or better than the preparedness coalitions on the partnership and self-sufficiency levers. Most coalitions did not have enough (both quantity and type) of the partner organizations needed for an escalating heat wave or changing conditions or enough engagement of organizations representing at-risk populations. Coalitions also lacked educational materials to cover topics as far ranging as heat to power outages to psychological impacts of disaster. CONCLUSION: A tabletop exercise can be used to stress and test resilience-based capacities, with particular attention to a community's ability to leverage a range of partnerships and other assets to confront a slowly evolving but multifactorial emergency. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-5). Language: en
Capacity building efforts and perceptions for wildlife surveillance to detect zoonotic pathogens: comparing stakeholder perspectives

Background: The capacity to conduct zoonotic pathogen surveillance in wildlife is critical for the recognition and identification of emerging health threats. The PREDICT project, a component of United States Agency for International Development’s Emerging Pandemic Threats program, has introduced capacity building efforts to increase zoonotic pathogen surveillance in wildlife in global ‘hot spot’ regions where zoonotic disease emergence is likely to occur. Understanding priorities, challenges, and opportunities from the perspectives of the stakeholders is a key component of any successful capacity building program. Methods: A survey was administered to wildlife officials and to PREDICT-implementing in-country project scientists in 16 participating countries in order to identify similarities and differences in perspectives between the groups regarding capacity needs for zoonotic pathogen surveillance in wildlife. Results: Both stakeholder groups identified some human-animal interfaces (i.e. areas of high contact between wildlife and humans with the potential risk for disease transmission), such as hunting and markets, as important for ongoing targeting of wildlife surveillance. Similarly, findings regarding challenges across stakeholder groups showed some agreement in that a lack of sustainable funding across regions was the greatest challenge for conducting wildlife surveillance for zoonotic pathogens (wildlife officials: 96% and project scientists: 81%). However, the opportunity for improving zoonotic pathogen surveillance capacity identified most frequently by wildlife officials as important was increasing communication or coordination among agencies, sectors, or regions (100% of wildlife officials), whereas the most frequent opportunities identified as important by project scientists were increasing human capacity, increasing laboratory capacity, and the growing interest or awareness regarding wildlife disease or surveillance programs (all identified by 69% of project scientists). Conclusions: A One Health approach to capacity building applied at local and global scales will have the greatest impact on improving zoonotic pathogen surveillance in wildlife. This approach will involve increasing communication and cooperation across ministries and sectors so that experts and stakeholders work together to identify and mitigate surveillance gaps. Over time, this transdisciplinary approach to capacity building will help overcome existing challenges and promote efficient targeting of high risk interfaces for zoonotic pathogen transmission.
Phylo-Genie: engaging students in collaborative 'tree-thinking' through tabletop techniques

Phylogenetic trees are representations of evolutionary relationships amongst species. Interviews of instructors and students have revealed that novice biologists have difficulty understanding phylogenetics. Moreover, misinterpretations of phylogenetics are common among college-level students. In this paper we present Phylo-Genie, a tabletop interface for fostering collaborative learning of phylogenetics. We conducted an experimental study with 56 participants, comparing students' conceptual learning and engagement using Phylo-Genie as: 1) a multi-touch tabletop interface and 2) a pen and paper activity. Our findings show that the tabletop implementation fosters collaborative learning by engaging users in the activity. We also shed light on the way in which our design principles facilitated engagement and collaborative learning in a tabletop environment.
Analytical calculation of errors in time and value perception due to a subjective time accumulator: A mechanistic model and the generation of weber's law

It has been previously shown Namboodiri, Mihalas, Marton, & Hussain Shuler, 2014 that an evolutionary theory of decision making and time perception is capable of explaining numerous behavioral observations regarding how humans and animals decide between differently delayed rewards of differing magnitudes and how they perceive time. An implementation of this theory using a stochastic drift-diffusion accumulator model Namboodiri, Mihalas, & Hussain Shuler, 2014a showed that errors in time perception and decision making approximately obey Weber's law for a range of parameters. However, prior calculations did not have a clear mechanistic underpinning. Further, these calculations were only approximate, with the range of parameters being limited. In this letter, we provide a full analytical treatment of such an accumulator model, along with a mechanistic implementation, to calculate the expression of these errors for the entirety of the parameter space. In our mechanistic model, Weber's law results from synaptic facilitation and depression within the feedback synapses of the accumulator. Our theory also makes the prediction that the steepness of temporal discounting can be affected by requiring the precise timing of temporal intervals. Thus, by presenting exact quantitative calculations, this work provides falsifiable predictions for future experimental testing.
ESG Disclosure Trends in the Technology Sector

Research by The Conference Board shows that many companies are employing their efforts towards a sustainable life style. A sustainable structural framework is useful to enable proper director oversight of corporate sustainability and its related issues. In particular, what appears to be broadly missing is access to sources of information and how sustainability should apply to businesses. Companies that decided to work and apply the precepts of ESG are effectively integrating social objectives into daily business activities. The enhanced sensitivity towards environmental issues convinced customers and stakeholders that this is the right way to follow for mixing good performances and profitability matters (i.e. financial indicators and non-financial indicators) for the common objective of achieving real sustainability practices.
Role of heat stress response in the tolerance of immature renal tubules to anoxia

The stress response was studied in suspensions of tubules from immature (IT) and mature (MT) rats after noninjury, heat, oxygen, and anoxia. Under all conditions, IT exhibited more exuberant activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) than MT. Characterization of activated HSF in immature cortex revealed HSF1. Also, 2 h after each condition, heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72) mRNA was twofold in IT. As the metabolic response to 45 min of anoxia, 20-min reoxygenation was assessed by measuring O2 consumption (O2C). Basal O2C was manipulated with ouabain, nystatin, and carbonylcyanidep-chloromethyoxyphenylhydrazone (CCCP). Basal O2C in IT were one-half the value of MT. After anoxia, basal O2C was reduced by a greater degree in MT. Ouabain reduced O2C to half the basal value in both noninjured and anoxic groups. Basal O2C was significantly stimulated by nystatin but not to the same level following anoxia in MT and IT. Basal O2C was also stimulated by CCCP, but after anoxia, CCCP O2C was significantly less...
Analysis of Fabricated Tubular Columns

In recent papers, the results of tests on ten long, fabricated tubular columns, of relatively large diameter with essentially pin-ended condition, were presented. The purpose of the present paper is to describe an analytical model for predicting theoretically the behavior of such columns. The computer model developed includes the effects of residual stresses, geometric imperfections, unavoidable end eccentricities and nonhomogeneity in material yield strength. Using this computer model, extensive comparisons have been made with the results of ten tests on actual columns, providing the needed confirmation of the validity of the model. A considerable amount of numerical data has been obtained and presented concerning the behavior of fabricated tubular columns with various combinations of residual stresses and imperfections. Against the background of this information, design formulas based essentially on simple modifications of current design formulas are derived and developed for practical use.
Particle Coarsening of Dispersoids in Rapidly Solidified Ti-5Sn-3Y

Rapidly solidified Ti alloys containing rare earth metal dispersoids, such as La or Er, have excellent resistance to coarsening at elevated temperature (700–900°C). In particular, the coarsening of the dispersoid particles in RSP Ti-5Sn-3Y was studied; these particles were found to be Y5Sn3. The measured growth kinetics were found to be compatible with the modified LSW model; it was concluded from the observed parameters that in this alloy the diffusion rate of Y is the rate determining factor, providing a measurement of the diffusion coefficient of Y in a Ti matrix and yielding its activation energy Q = 272 kJ/mole.
Radiographically-Occult Injuries Associated with Pediatric Elbow Dislocations

Ulnohumeral elbow dislocations are common in children. These injuries can be associated with fractures or soft tissue injuries that are often missed on radiographs, leading to delayed diagnosis and potential complications. In certain cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may assist clinicians by revealing underlying pathology and making a complete diagnosis. The purposes of this study were to assess the utility of MRI in diagnosing concomitant injuries in pediatric elbow dislocations and to identify associated risk factors for radiographically-occult injuries. A retrospective review was performed for all children (0-18 years) …
Impaired Caregiving, Trauma Exposure, and Psychosocial Functioning in a National Sample of Children and Adolescents.

Impairments in Caregiving (ICG) secondary to mental illness and substance use have been linked to adverse outcomes in children. Little is known, however, about whether outcomes vary by type of ICG, exposure to co-occurring traumas, or mechanisms of maladaptive outcomes. Clinic-referred youth age 7–18 years (n = 3988) were compared on ICG history, demographics, trauma history, and mental health symptoms. Child trauma exposure was tested as a mediator of ICG and child symptoms. Youth with ICG were at heightened risk for trauma exposure, PTSD, internalizing symptoms, total behavioral problems, and attachment problems, particularly youth with multiple types of ICG. Effect sizes were moderate to large for PTSD, internalizing symptoms, and total behavioral problems. Number of trauma types mediated the relationship between ICG and child symptoms. ICG was related to trauma exposure within and outside the family context. Understanding these links has important implications for interrupting intergenerational trauma and psychopathology.
Convergent interpolatory quadrature schemes

Abstract We use a connection between interpolatory quadrature formulas and Fourier series to find a wide class of convergent schemes of interpolatory quadrature rules. In the process we use techniques coming from Riemann–Hilbert problems for varying measures and convex analysis.
More than Just the Number of Brain Metastases: Evaluating the Impact of Brain Metastasis Location and Relative Volume on Overall Survival After Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Objective Most evidence describing outcomes of patients with brain metastases is based on number of brain metastases, rather than location or volume. We evaluated the impact of tumor location and relative volume on overall survival (OS) among a large cohort of patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. Methods Clinical, radiographic, and dosimetric data were collected on patients treated with first (if multiple) stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases. Multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the impact of brain metastasis relative location and volume on OS after stereotactic radiosurgery. Results Analysis included 300 patients with 817 tumors (116 patients with single brain metastasis). The most common tumor locations were supratentorial (75% of tumors), cerebellar (19%), and brainstem (5%). Median tumor volume was 0.4 mL (range, 0.003–65.0 mL). Tumor-specific factors associated with inferior OS included brainstem location versus both supratentorial and cerebellum locations for particular assumed values of cube root tumor volume ( P P = 0.004). Patients with supratentorial tumors and cerebellar tumors demonstrated similar OS, and cube root total tumor volume within the cerebellum and brainstem did not predict for OS. Conclusions The presence of brainstem metastases and cumulative supratentorial tumor volume are adverse features that result in inferior survival. These results can be used to inform patient prognosis and future clinical trial design.
Abstract P084: Oxidative Stress Preconditioning Is Required for Leptin to Stimulate Renin Release From Mouse Juxtaglomerular Cells

Leptin is enhanced in animal models of obesity. The role of leptin in hypertension is unclear with some studies showing antihypertensive actions and others showing a pro-hypertensive role. In normotensive, non-obese, animals, infusion of leptin induces natriuresis. However, in animal models of enhanced oxidative stress, obesity, or activated renin-angiotensin system, infusion of leptin tends to increase blood pressure. Renin is a critical mediator of angiotensin-II formation, and thus blood pressure control. However, the direct effect of leptin on the release of renin from juxtaglomerular (JG) cells has not been studied. We hypothesize that under normal conditions leptin does not affect renin release whereas during high oxidative stress leptin stimulates renin release. We isolated primary cultures of mouse juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. After treatment with different agonists, renin released to the supernatant was measured by radioimmunoassay. We first tested the direct effect of murine leptin on renin release. We found that 1 hr treatment with leptin (0.1-1 uM) decreased basal renin by 20 ± 5% (p<0.05; n=8). Treatment of JG cells for longer periods (4 and 24 hrs) did not affect renin release (n=6) or total renin expression (n=4). We then tested whether oxidative stress modified the effect of leptin on renin release. For this we pre-incubated JG cells with 10 uM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 1 hr. After this, the medium was removed and H2O2 was completely washed out from JG cells followed by treatment with vehicle (cont) or 10 uM leptin. We found that, in cells pre-treated with H2O2, leptin increased renin release by 49.2 ±16 %(P<0.05 vs vehicle). By Western blot, we detected the expression of the leptin receptor in lysates from JG cells. We concluded that under normal conditions leptin inhibits renin release from JG cells. However, after exposure to H2O2, leptin stimulates renin release. Our data suggest the hypothesis that oxidative stress reverses the inhibitory effect of leptin on renin release and supports a pro-hypertensive role for leptin during chronic inflammatory conditions that induces oxidative stress.
Marketization, inequality, and institutional change: Toward a new framework for comparative employment relations:

This article develops a framework for analyzing the social effects of marketization, defined as the imposition or intensification of price-based competition. The conceptual background is debates in...
Effects of depression screening on diagnosing and treating mood disorders among older adults in office-based primary care outpatient settings: An instrumental variable analysis

Existing literature shows mixed findings regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of depression screening, and relatively little is known about the effectiveness of depression screening among older adults in primary care visits in the U.S. This study examines the effects of depression screening on the three following outcomes: mood disorder diagnoses, overall antidepressant prescriptions, and potentially inappropriate antidepressant prescriptions among older adults ages 65 or older in office-based outpatient primary care settings. We used data from 2010-2012 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), a nationally representative sample of office-based primary care outpatient visits among older adults (n=9,313 unweighted). We employed an instrumental variable approach to control for selection bias in our repeated cross-sectional population-based study. Injury prevention and stress management were selected as instrumental variables, as they were considered completely exogenous to outcomes of interests using conceptual and statistical criteria. We conducted multivariate bivariate probit (biprobit) regression analyses to investigate the effect of depression screening on each outcome, when controlled for other covariates. We found that depression screening was negatively associated with potentially inappropriate antidepressant prescriptions (β=-2.17; 95% CI -2.80 to -1.53; p<0.001). However, no significant effect of depression screening on diagnosis of mood disorders and overall antidepressant prescriptions was found. Overall, depression screening had a negative effect on potentially inappropriate antidepressant prescriptions. Primary care physicians and other healthcare providers should actively utilize depression screening to minimize potentially inappropriate antidepressant prescriptions in older adult patients.
Future supercontinuum microscope for medical and biological applications

A supercontinuum (SC) light microscope is proposed for linear and nonlinear optical resonance and non-resonance processes in medical and biological applications. The SC can span from 300nm to 2500nm and may be used for a variety of applications for diagnosis of cancer, wound healing, fusing tissues, stimulation of nerves for therapeutic and treatment of disease. These will be discussed.
Some contributions of a psychological approach to the study of the sacred

ABSTRACTThis paper examines some of the contributions psychology is making to the study of the sacred and its role in human functioning. The focus here is not on the ontological reality of the sacred, but rather perceptions of the sacred. We suggest that psychological theory and research on this topic offers: a clarification of the meaning of the sacred; new knowledge about sanctification – the process through which people come to perceive the sacred in daily life; a response to criticisms about the scientific study of the sacred; a sharper perspective on the meanings of religion and spirituality; a method for measuring sanctification; knowledge about the ways perceptions of the sacred predict important aspects of human behavior, and; an understanding of the sacred as a product of psychological, social, institutional, cultural, and situational forces. We conclude that the sacred represents a vital phenomenon of interest for religious and spiritual study.
Gene Network of Grain Size and Number in Rice

Grain size and number are two key components determining rice yield. As both phenotypes are characterized by quantitative traits, grain size and number are predominantly and tightly controlled by genetic factors. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for grain size and number have been molecularly identified and characterized. These QTLs may act in independent genetic pathways and, along with other identified genes for grain size and number, are mainly involved in the signaling pathways mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G-protein signaling, phytohormones, and transcriptional regulatory factors. Since many of these QTLs and genes were identified from modern elite varieties, they have been strongly selected for enhanced rice productivity in the breeding program. These findings have paved new ways for understanding the molecular basis of grain size and number and enable us to develop the desirable crops with high yield by precise design.
Ecology of spawning humpback chub, Gila cypha, in the Little Colorado River near Grand Canyon, Arizona

The morphologically unique and endangered humpback chub, Gila cypha, is found in canyon-bound reaches of the Colorado River and its tributaries. Now limited to six isolated reproducing populations, this species is believed to have been once distributed over a large portion of the mainstem river. Because the species inhabits remote canyon areas, little is known about its spawning ecology. The largest remaining population occurs in the lower Little Colorado River (LCR) near Grand Canyon, where we conducted a three-year study of spawning ecology during spring (March-June) 1993–1995. We analyzed seasonal patterns of movement, population density, relative condition, spawning scores, and frequency of ripe condition and fin abrasions and compared these data with seasonal discharge and water temperature to determine spawning phenology and ecology. Spawning commenced in late March, peaked in mid-April, and waned in mid-May. A high proportion of males remained ripe over this period, whereas ripe females were relatively abundant only in April. Increased densities of adult fish in March-April and rapid declines in May-June coupled with recaptures of 18.4% of these adults in the Colorado River suggest that a portion of the population migrated from the Colorado River into the LCR to spawn and then returned. Ripe males aggregated in areas of complex habitat structure with high angular variation in bottom profiles (matrix of large boulders, travertine masses combined with chutes, runs and eddies, 0.5–2.0 m deep) and were associated with deposits of clean gravel. Ripe females appeared to move to these male aggregations to spawn. Near-spawning (including gravid) females and non-spawning fish used similar habitats and were segregated but close (< 50 m) to habitats occupied by aggregations of ripe males. Abrasions on anal and lower caudal fins of males and females suggest that spawning involves contact with gravel substrates, where semi-adhesive eggs are deposited and fertilized. The findings of this study should aid recovery efforts for humpback chub by identifying spawning habitat within the historic distributional range where additional spawning stocks could be established.
Kinetics of Vascular Clearance of Particles by Phagocytes

There are several good reasons for studying the kinetics of vascular clearance of intravenously administered particles. The primary objectives are to identify those parameters which limit the rate of vascular clearance, show how these parameters interact, and determine at which points control of vascular clearance occurs. At present, the kinetics of phagocytosis are best studied in vivo and the descriptions of the process have been largely achieved based on in vivo measurements. In vivo, there is an adequate number of cells to ensure measurable uptake over a sustained period of time, cell-associated particles are readily separable from those in the fluid phase, measurement of removal is readily achieved, and the conditions of flow, particle availability, and media are biologically relevant. The insights gained from the study of vascular clearance with model particles are presumably relevant to the basic issues of how macrophages recognize nonself and of how things get into cells.
The CITI Program: An alternative to train Latinoamerica in investigation's ethics

The CITI Program (Collaborative Institutional Training Iniciative) is a course based on Internet with no profit intention: it has been developed by volunteers who offer educational subjects on human beings' protection in biomedical investigations, as will as on conduct, good medical practices, responsible conduct in investigation and humanitarian behaviour towards laboratory animals. This Program is a joint effort done by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre and the University of Miami. With the collaboration of local experts a considerable part of its content has been adapted for Latin America, is has been translated to Spanish and Portuguese and collaborative agrees have been established with bioethics' specialized institutions in Chile, Brazil, Costa Rica and Peru. Its authors present an accessible methodology in order to train on investigation's ethics and to justify ins use and spreading out throughout Latin America.
Shallow Cumulus in WRF Parameterizations Evaluated against LASSO Large-Eddy Simulations

AbstractRepresentation of shallow cumulus is a challenge for mesoscale numerical weather prediction models. These cloud fields have important effects on temperature, solar irradiance, convective in...
Reduced Awareness of Memory Deficit is Associated With Increased Medicare Home Health Care Use in Dementia.

Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether reduced awareness of memory deficits in individuals with dementia is associated with more frequent need for Medicare home health care services. Methods Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in a multicenter, clinic-based cohort. In total, 192 participants diagnosed with dementia and their informants were independently asked whether or not the participant demonstrated cognitive symptoms of dementia related to memory and word-finding. Participant self-awareness was measured as the discrepancy between participant and caregiver report of these symptoms. Annual Medicare home health benefit use data was obtained from Medicare claims matched by year to the Predictors study visit. Results Participants that used home health services had lower awareness scores than those who did not. Awareness remained independently associated with home health use in a logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, education, caregiver relationship, global cognition, dementia subtype, and medical comorbidities. Implications Reduced self-awareness of memory deficits in individuals with dementia is associated with more frequent use of Medicare home health services. The disproportionate use of in-home assistance as a function of awareness level may reflect dangers faced by patients, and challenges faced by caregivers, when patients have limited awareness of their memory deficits. Current results have implications for clinical care, caregiver education, and models of health care utilization.
Complications from the surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis

Abstract Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis, with resultant neurogenic claudication, is a major source of pain and disability in modern societies. Surgical decompression has been shown to improve pain and disability, albeit with an increased risk of adverse events relative to non-operative care. In this review we discuss complications of lumbar stenosis surgery, including cerebrospinal fluid leak, iatrogenic instability, infection, epidural hematoma, as well as positioning-related and medical complications. An emphasis is placed on prevention, diagnosis, and management of these commonly-seen complications.
You can't debug what you can't see: Expanding observability with the OmniTable

The effectiveness of a debugging tool is fundamentally limited by what program state it can observe. Yet, for performance reasons, all current debugging tools restrict the program state that can be observed in some way. For example, tools like heap analysis restrict what can be observed (i.e., only global variables) and tools like core dump analysis restrict when observations may be made (i.e., only on program termination). Other tools effectively limit the scope of observation by requiring developers to specify what and when observations will be made before execution (e.g., logging) or during an execution (e.g., gdb). We propose a new abstraction for debugging, called an OmniTable, that logically exposes unrestricted access to all program state at all points in an execution to developers. The OmniTable represents a program execution as a database-style table. Developers inspect the OmniTable using a familiar declarative query language: SQL. SQL simplifies the observation and analysis of large, complex execution state. Iterative queries are inherently consistent since they operate over the same logical table. Clearly, materializing the OmniTable for even a simple program is infeasible due to storage and processing overheads. Thus, our prototype, SteamDrill, selectively materializes only the regions of the OmniTable required to answer each query by using deterministic record and replay to reproduce the execution and dynamic instrumentation to extract needed state. By expressing debugging queries with relational logic, SteamDrill leverages proven optimizations such as query optimization and caching. In addition, decomposition into relational logic allows a query to be executed via repeated replays, each replay extracting information needed by the next, which can often be more efficient than extracting all information during a single execution.
The Diaminobutyric (DABA), Delta Aminopentanoic, and Epsilon Aminohexanoic Acids

The L isomer of DABA, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, is a major component of the polymixin group of antibiotics and a component of bacterial cell walls and of certain Lathyrus and related seeds (1–2). It was found to be neurotoxic in rats and mice (3), though it may not be neurotoxic in humans. L-DABA is widely distributed in nature (4).
Genetic diversity underlying behavioral plasticity in human adaptation

The human brain is notably different from that of other primate species by its size and structure, in addition to its behavioral output. As we seek to understand how the human brain has evolved, many researchers have turned to genomics to help elucidate the biological basis for uniqueness of the human brain. When considering the molecular evolution of the human brain, a common misconception is that molecular evolution should be "unidirectional"-progressing along a single trajectory with the human brain as the ultimate goal. This outlook fails to acknowledge the importance of variability in the evolutionary process. In this review, we review what we know about inter- and intraspecific molecular diversity in the human brain arising from heritable and non-heritable sources. We note that genetic substitutions may not be optimal in brain evolution due to pleiotropic effects. Instead, we focus on other sources of molecular diversity including gene duplications, copy number variations, and transcriptional regulation. With recent advancements in the field of single-cell genomics, we explore what is currently known about gene expression at the cellular level and highlight opportunities to advance our understanding of human uniqueness at the neuronal level.
Age at referral for undescended testes: has anything changed in a decade?

Aim Undescended testis (UDT) affects 1-6% of males and is one of the most common disorders in paediatric surgery.Updated consensus guidelines now recommend surgical management of UDT by 18 months. We compare the age at referral and subsequent timing of orchiopexy with data published from 1996-1998 at our institution, prior to the advent of updated guidelines. Methods A retrospective review of all patients undergoing an orchiopexy for UDT from 2014 to 2016 was conducted. The age at time of first referral, first outpatient review and age at date of surgery were recorded. Calculations were made for time between referral and clinic visit (T-1) and between clinic visit and surgery (T-2). Data are reported as median (range). Results In the 2014-2016 group (n=216), the median age at time of referral was 5.3 (range 0-182) months. Following referral, children were seen in the clinic at a median interval 1.84 (T-1: range 0.16-17) months. The median interval between the clinic visit and operation was 2.95 (T-2: range 0-30.7) months. The median age at time of surgery was 12.6 (range 4.6-191.3) months. Compared to the data from 1996-1998 (n=325), there was a drop in the median ages both at time of referral (23 months vs 5.3) and at time of operation (38.8 months vs 12.6). In this cohort, 66% (n=143) of boys had surgery before eighteen months of age. The median times between referral and clinic visit (T-1: 1.7 months vs 1.84) and between clinic and operation (T-2: 3.3 months vs 2.95) were essentially unchanged. Conclusion Our second snapshot in time (2014-2016) shows improvements in median age at referral (under six months) and age at time of operation (at 12.6 months) when compared to the older snapshot (1996-1998). These timings are more in keeping with recommendations for orchiopexy.
Mapping foodscapes and sagebrush morphotypes with unmanned aerial systems for multiple herbivores

The amount and composition of phytochemicals in forage plants influences habitat quality for wild herbivores. However, evaluating forage quality at fine resolutions across broad spatial extents (i.e., foodscapes) is challenging. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide an avenue for bridging this gap in spatial scale. We evaluated the potential for UAS technology to accurately predict nutritional quality of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) across landscapes. We mapped seasonal forage quality across two sites in Idaho, USA, with different mixtures of species but similar structural morphotypes of sagebrush. We classified the sagebrush at both study sites using structural features of shrubs with object-based image analysis and machine learning and linked this classification to field measurements of phytochemicals to interpolate a foodscape for each phytochemical with regression kriging. We compared fine-scale landscape patterns of phytochemicals between sites and seasons. Classification accuracy for morphotypes was high at both study sites (81–87%). Forage quality was highly variable both within and among sagebrush morphotypes. Coumarins were the most accurately mapped (r2 = 0.57–0.81), whereas monoterpenes were the most variable and least explained. Patches with higher crude protein were larger and more connected in summer than in winter. UAS allowed for a rapid collection of imagery for mapping foodscapes based on the phytochemical composition of sagebrush at fine scales but relatively broad extents. However, results suggest that a more advanced sensor (e.g., hyperspectral camera) is needed to map mixed species of sagebrush or to directly measure forage quality.
Split Households, Family Migration and Urban Settlement: Findings from China’s 2015 National Floating Population Survey

For decades, China’s rural migrants have split their households between their rural origins and urban work locations. While the hukou system continues to be a barrier to urban settlement, research has also underscored split households as a migrant strategy that spans the rural and urban boundary, questioning if sustained migration will eventually result in permanent urban settlement. Common split-household arrangements include sole migration, where the spouse and children are left behind, and couple migration, where both spouses are migrants, leaving behind their children. More recently, nuclear family migration involving both the spouse and children has been on the rise. Based on a 2015 nationally representative “floating population” survey, this article compares sole migrants, couple migrants, and family migrants in order to examine which migrants choose which household arrangements, including whether specific household arrangements are more associated with settlement intention than others. Our analysis also reveals differences between work-related migrants and family-related migrants. The findings highlight demographic, gender, economic, employment, and destination differences among the different types of migrant household arrangements, pointing to family migration as a likely indicator of permanent settlement. The increase of family migration over time signals to urban governments an increased urgency to address their needs as not only temporary dwellers but more permanent residents.
The statistical analysis of multivariate failure time data: a marginal modeling approach: by Ross L. Prentice and Shanshan Zhao, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2019, 224+xv pp., $48.49 (hardcover), ISBN 13: 978-1-482-256557-4

This well-written book offers the basics of innovative approach to analyse and interpret correlated failure times data. A good background in statistical theory and computing is necessary to read an...
Voltage-dependent reconstruction of layered Bi 2 WO 6 and Bi 2 MoO 6 photocatalysts and its influence on charge separation for water splitting

We study the surface stability of the layered bismuth-oxide ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{WO}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{MoO}}_{6}$ photocatalysts, which belong to the series of Aurivillius (${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{A}}_{n\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{B}}_{n}{\mathrm{O}}_{3n+3}$) perovskites and have been proposed as efficient visible-light absorbers, due to favorable electronic hybridization induced by the bismuth 6s and 6p orbitals. We present a Newton-Raphson optimization of the charge distribution at the semiconductor-solution interface using the self-consistent continuum solvation (SCCS) model to describe the influence of the aqueous environment. Our analysis provides a description of the charged interface under controlled pH and applied voltage and offers a molecular interpretation of the competing structural and electrical factors that underlie the facet-dependent photocatalytic activity of layered ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{A}}_{n\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{B}}_{n}{\mathrm{O}}_{3n+3}$ compounds.
Tobacco product use and susceptibility to use among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents.

Abstract Sexual identity is associated with tobacco use in adults. We examined tobacco use and susceptibility to use by sexual identity in adolescents. Data were collected in February 2019 via Qualtrics research participant panels. Data analyses were performed in June 2019 and updated in October 2020. Respondents aged 13–17 reported sexual identity (heterosexual vs. sexual minority [lesbian, gay, bisexual, or other]), past-month and lifetime tobacco product use, susceptibility to e-cigarette use, friend(s)’ e-cigarette use, tobacco marketing exposure, and demographic characteristics. The sample (n=983) was 72.9% female, 46.5% non-Hispanic white, and 26.1% sexual minority with a mean age of 15.0 years (SD=1.4). Sexual minority adolescents were more likely to have friend(s) who vape (53.0% versus 42.0%; p=0.003). In adjusted models, sexual minority adolescents had greater odds of ever smoking tobacco (odds ratio [OR]=2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–2.98) or using e-cigarettes (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.08–2.25) relative to heterosexual adolescents. Past-month tobacco smoking and e-cigarette use did not differ by sexual identity. Among participants who had never used tobacco products, sexual minority adolescents reported greater susceptibility to e-cigarette use (OR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.04–2.52) compared to heterosexual adolescents. Exposure to cigarette and e-cigarette marketing, e-cigarette use by friends, and respondent sex were significant covariates in all models. The current findings indicate greater susceptibility to use e-cigarettes and greater tobacco product initiation, but not continuation, among sexual minority adolescents. Sexual minority-tailored interventions may be warranted to prevent tobacco product initiation. Worth exploring are the associations between sexual identity, tobacco marketing exposure, and friend(s)’ e-cigarette use.
Corporate Bodies: Access Points and Authority Control

The concept of authorship is central to how libraries organize their collections. But libraries do not only collect resources created by individuals, they also collect documents issued by organizat...
Family, Collectivism, and Loneliness from a Cross-Country Perspective

Previous research shows that marriage and family support are associated with less loneliness, but evidence is largely from developed countries in the West. We focus on the association between country-level collectivism and loneliness, and whether collectivism moderates the well-known effects of marriage and family on loneliness. Our analysis of data from 29 countries in the International Social Survey Programme’s 2017 Social Networks and Social Resources module shows that individuals who live in a more collectivist country are less likely to report feeling lonely. Our analysis further suggests that the negative association between marriage and loneliness is attenuated for those living in more collectivistic countries, especially among men. We also find a negative association of expectation of emotional support from family in times of need with loneliness, and this relationship is weaker for residents of more collectivistic countries. We discuss implications of our findings for future research on loneliness across diverse societies.
THE COMPLEX BETWEEN RETINOL AND RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN IS FORMED IN THE ROUGH MICROSOMES OF LIVER FOLLOWING REPLETION OF VITAMIN A-DEPLETED RATS

Retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma transport protein for vitamin A, is primarily synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the liver. RBP then passes through the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and into the Golgi apparatus where vesicles form and transport the protein to the cell membrane. When rats were depleted of their vitamin A stores, RBP accumulated in the liver microsomes, particularly in the rough microsomes. To identify the organelle(s) where retinol initially binds to RBP, vitamin A-depleted rats were given an i.v. injection of [3H]retinol suspended in Tween 40. After intervals of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 20 min, liver fractions enriched in rough and smooth microsomes and Golgi apparatus were prepared. The retinol/RBP complex (holoRBP) was detected in the rough microsomes within 3 min post injection. HoloRBP later appeared in the smooth microsomes and Golgi fraction, and then the serum at time intervals consistent with the known secretion rate for RBP. HoloRBP was detected in the rough microsomes at all times after 3 min, whether or not the complex was present in the other subcellular fractions. Thus, the holoRBP complex can form in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the liver.
Moist convection as an energy source for the large-scale motions in Jupiter's atmosphere

Jupiter's dominant large-scale weather patterns (dimensions ~10,000 km) are zonal jets and long-lived ovals. The jets have been flowing east and west at constant speeds of up to 180 m s^(-1) for over 100 years. These jets receive energy from small-scale eddies, which pump eastward momentum into the eastward jets and westward momentum into the westward jets. This momentum transfer was predicted by numerical models before it was observed on Jupiter. The large ovals roll between the jets in an anticyclonic direction—clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere—where they regularly assimilate small anticyclonic eddies. But from where the eddies receive their energy has been an open question. Here we argue that the eddies, which ultimately drive both the jets and the ovals, receive their energy from moist convection. This hypothesis is consistent with observations of jovian lightning, which is an indicator of moist convection. It also explains the anticyclonic rotation and poleward drift of the eddies, and suggests patterns of upwelling and downwelling that resemble the patterns of large-scale axisymmetric overturning in the Earth's atmosphere.
El reto de una democracia planetaria:Vandana Shiva y la relevancia del feminismo tradicional

While examining transnational feminist theory, this article scrutinizes the case of environmental activist and scientist Vandana Shiva and her vision of an Earth Democracy. Shiva mediates multiple realities of multinational bio-technology companies, grassroots mobilization and her own brand of feminist praxis. Shiva’s activism shows the in-between position of transnational women leaders who must balance and assertively communicate the relationship between the State and corporations while asserting moral leadership at the same time.