cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress is associated with subsequent pain and disability among men with nonbacterial prostatitis/pelvic pain.

Background: Nonbacterial prostatitis is a syndrome characterized by persistent pelvic area pain in men with or without voiding symptoms. Its causes are poorly understood, and evidence-based treatments are lacking. Although psychological stress has been proposed as an etiological factor, the literature lacks prospective studies using standardized measures to examine associations between stress and male pelvic pain problems over time.Purpose: This study examined whether perceived stress was associated longitudinally with pain intensity and pain-related disability in a sample of men with nonbacterial prostatitis/pelvic pain.Methods: Men (N = 224) completed measures of perceived stress, pain intensity, and pain-related disability 1 month after a health care visit with a new nonbacterial prostatitis/pelvic pain diagnosis and 3, 6, and 12 months later.Results: Greater perceived stress during the 6 months after the health care visit was associated with greater pain intensity (p = .03) and disability (p = .003) at 12 months, even after controlling for age, symptom duration, and pain and disability during the first 6 months.Conclusions: These findings support further research into the associations between stress and male pelvic pain syndromes, as well as the assessment of stress in the evaluation of patients with pelvic pain.
Dynamic Light Scattering Microscopy. A Novel Optical Technique to Image Submicroscopic Motions. II: Experimental Applications

An experimental verification of an optical microscope technique to create spatial map images of dynamically scattered light fluctuation decay rates is presented. The dynamic light scattering microscopy technique is demonstrated on polystyrene beads and living macrophage cells. With a slow progressive scan charge-coupled device camera employed in a streak-like mode, rapid intensity fluctuations with timescales the order of milliseconds can be recorded from these samples. From such streak images, the autocorrelation function of these fluctuations can be computed at each location in the sample. The characteristic decay times of the autocorrelation functions report the rates of motion of scattering centers. These rates show reasonable agreement to theoretically expected values for known samples with good signal/noise ratio. The rates can be used to construct an image-like spatial map of the rapidity of submicroscopic motions of scattering centers.
PREDICTING AND EXPLAINING Tc AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF BCS SUPERCONDUCTORS

After providing some history and background material regarding the evolution of research on superconductivity, a description of the use of the BCS theory for the development of approaches for calculations and predictions of superconducting properties will be given. The emphasis is on estimates of Tc raising Tc, and predicting new superconductors. The basic analysis will be based on the BCS formalism with modern extensions. The focus here is on phonon mediated pairing of electrons as described in the original BCS paper augmented by current modifications and the use of modern calculational approaches.
Ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling. 2. Electric fields.

An attempt is made to fit individual observations and theories into the broader network of magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere couplings as they affect the general behavior of quasi-static electric fields in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Particular attention is given to high-latitude processes, however, mid-latitude penetration of electric fields of magnetospheric origin during disturbed periods is discussed.
GEOMICROBIOLOGY: ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR GEOLOGY

Abstract Some microorganisms, including various kinds of bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa, serve as geochemical agents in the uppermost lithosphere and in the hydrosphere. Some promote rock weathering by mobilizing mineral constituents with inorganic or organic acids or ligands that they excrete. Others promote rock weathering by redox attack of mineral constituents such as Fe and Mn. Still others cause active or passive mineral formation by precipitation and subsequent nucleation of crystal formation on or in the cell, or in the bulk phase. They play a role in some phases of fossil fuel formation and accumulation. They modulate the terrestrial and marine cycles of C, N, S, and P and some other elements, and they influence the composition of the atmosphere in respect to O 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 . Some discriminate between stable isotopes of H, C, O, N, and S.
Fuzzy PID controllers for dual-sensor pacing systems in patients with bradycardias at rest

This work describes the design of a fuzzy proportional-integral derivative (FPID) controller for dual-sensors cardiac pacemaker system in patients with bradycardias at rest. It can automatically control the heart rate to accurately track a desired preset profile. The combination of PID control and conventional fuzzy control approaches is adopted for the controller design based on dual-sensors. This controller offers good adaptation of the heart rate to the physiological needs of the patient at rest. Simulation results confirm that this proposed controller is more effective for heartbeat recovery and maintenance, comparing with the existing fuzzy control algorithm.
Issues in Psychotherapy with HIV-Infected Latinos in New York City

This article will discuss issues important in psychotherapy with Latinos with HIV/AIDS in New York City. The various levels of oppressed group membership will be discussed as they relate to a therapeutic understanding of the mental health needs of Latinos. A case study will be used to demonstrate the clinical applications of the Model of Multiple Oppression.
Composite three-layer closure of oral antral communication with 10 months follow-up-a case study.

Purpose We propose a 3-layer composite closure technique for an oral antral communication (OAC) while avoiding secondary donor site morbidity. Patients and Methods A patient had developed a 1-cm OAC after extraction of right maxillary first molar. The patient subsequently developed acute maxillary sinusitis. The patient was taken to the operating room, and a Caldwell-Luc procedure was performed. The bony window from the Caldwell-Luc was “press fit” over the bony OAC defect. Soft tissue closure was then achieved with a buccal fat pad flap and a buccal mucosal advancement flap. The patient was examined on postoperative day 5 and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 10 months postoperatively. Results The acute sinusitis had resolved. The soft tissue closure was successful. The bone graft remained intact, prevented sinus pneumatization, and restored continuity to the floor of the maxillary sinus. Conclusions The presented technique for 3-layer closure of OACs allows for the stability of a double-layer closure of OAC with the added benefit of bone grafting from single operative site, achieving stable oral antral closure, bone grafting, and the avoidance of secondary donor site morbidity.
Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate mimics slow synaptic excitation in myenteric plexus neurons.

Abstract Iontophoretic injection of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) into the somas of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of guinea pig small intestine mimicked the slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials that occur in these neurons. These effects were: (1) membrane depolarization, (2) decreased membrane conductance, (3) augmented excitability with increased probability of spontaneous spike discharge and increased spike discharge during depolarizing current pulses, (4) anodal break excitation, (5) suppression of hyperpolarizing afterpotentials. The same effects were produced by application of membrane-permeable analogs of cAMP in the bathing medium. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, potentiated the effects of the analogs. The results suggest that the biochemical basis for long-lasting excitatory neuromodulation in myenteric neurons is activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of intraneuronal cAMP.
Theoretical analysis of polarization properties of VCSEL eigenmodes

A theoretical analysis of the polarization properties of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers is presented. A model is derived which contains the influence of material (strain in cavity layers, scattering rates, refractive indices of layers) and cavity design (size, number of layers) parameters on input/output characteristics of the system. The electromagnetic field is represented as a superposition of cold-cavity vectorial eigenmodes of the VCSEL cavity. Each eigenmode is characterized by its resonant wavelength, threshold gain and 3D vectorial eigenmode profile. The electromagnetic field is then coupled to semiconductor Bloch equations describing the active quantum well material. The theory is evaluated for the case of two orthogonal H E 11 -like modes and a six-band model of quantum well.
A New Test for ARCH Effects and its Finite-Sample Performance

We propose a test for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity based on a weighted sum of the squared sample autocorrelations of squared residuals from a regression, typically with greater weight given to lower-order lags. The tests of Engle, Box and Pierce, and Ljung and Box are equivalent to the test with equal weighting. Our test does not require formulation of an alternative and permits choice of the lag number via data-driven methods. Simulation studies show that the new test performs reasonably well in finite samples especially with greater weight on lower-order lags. We apply the test in two empirical examples.
Alkylation, isomerization and cracking activity of a novel solid acid, AlCl2(SG)n

Abstract Research on the strong acid catalyst, AlCl2(SG)n (where SG = silica gel), has been extended to the study of a number of acid-catalyzed reactions. In the alkylation of benzene and toluene, the catalyst was found to be active in a batch reactor but gave poor selectivity at elevated temperatures in a flow reactor. The isomerization ofn-butane,n-pentane andn-hexane has been examined with particularly successful results obtained in the former case. Isomerization ofn-butane approached the theoretical conversion limit at room temperature and remained at that level when HCl(g) was added to the reaction stream.
Comparison of disease progression and mortality of connective tissue disease‐related interstitial lung disease and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia

Objective To compare disease progression and mortality between idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) due to connective tissue diseases (CTD) including scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, Sjogren's syndrome, and mixed CTD. Methods A case-control study of patients with CTD-ILD (n = 46) and IIP controls (n = 51), seen at the University of Michigan between July 1,1998 and June 30,1999 and followed until March 30, 2002, was conducted. Survival analysis and Cox regression were performed to estimate survival, accounting for demographic and clinical parameters, including pulmonary function tests and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) diagnosis and scoring. Results Median followup time was 4.4 person-years. Five-year survival in the IIP group was 51.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 30.8–69.4) versus 43.4% (95% CI 21.1–63.9) in the CTD-ILD group. There were no significant differences among HRCT diagnostic categories between IIP and CTD-ILD. A fibrotic score ≥2 was associated with decreased survival among the entire group. Age at diagnosis and most recent forced vital capacity were significant predictors of mortality when adjusted for IIP versus CTD-ILD diagnosis, sex, and interstitial score. Conclusion Contrary to expectation, CTD-ILD compared with IIP appears to be associated with a worse prognosis when adjusted for age. A higher fibrotic score is suggestive of decreased survival.
Testing inoculation methods and sources of resistance to the halo blight bacterium ( Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola ) in Phaseolus vulgaris

A comparative test of six inoculation methods was conducted using 2 halo blight race 2 virulent strains, Nebr. HB 16 and HB 21 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola), on five dry bean cultivars/lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of known resistance and susceptibility. The water-soaking of leaves method caused the most severe reaction among the leaf inoculation methods, followed by the carborundum, spraying and multiple needle methods, respectively. The seed soaking method was considered too severe to be useful, since entries identified as resistant by the other methods, were susceptible with the former method. Great Northern Nebraska # 1 sel. 27 and PI 150414 had the highest level of leaf resistance, but the former developed systemic chlorosis with the stem stabbing method, but not the latter line. No systemic chlorosis was seen in either line with the other methods of inoculation. This suggests that there may be a different genetic mechanism conferring resistance/susceptibility to the toxin in these two lines when the stabbing method is used. No interaction occurred between method by genotype and isolate by method but significant interactions occurred between genotype by isolate and method by isolate by genotype. The leaf and pod reaction of forty cultivars/lines to the new halo blight Nebr. Charlevoix strain was also determined. Different combinations of degrees of resistance and susceptibility of leaves and pods were observed. GN Tara, GN Harris, and PI 150414 had the highest combination of leaf and pod resistance.
Structure and Reactivity of an Allylpalladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Enolate Complex

A novel anionic N-heterocyclic carbene was prepared and ligated to [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 to yield the complex (NHC-enolate)Pd(allyl). At elevated temperatures in acetonitrile, the allyl ligand undergoes a...
Refractions of the Field at Home: American Representations of Hindu Holy Men in the 19th and 20th Centuries

December, 1985: A man squats on a bed of nails. Head turned sideways, he grins out of the smudged greys and blacks of the newspaper page. His matted hair is wound like a turban above his bearded face, and his bare limbs are smeared with ash. “Some people could care less about the cushioning in the 735,” proclaims a caption above his head. Beside him, positioned at the same angle as his bare feet, is a running shoe identified as the New Balance 735. This is a page from The New York Times. It has been spread out on the kitchen floor for an incontinent collie by the friends with whom I am staying when, after a second bout of fieldwork with a Hindu holy man in western India, I return to Berkeley to reconstitute my American academic life. Looking down at the newspaper, I find it disorienting and wickedly entertaining to see a fragment of India—a shard of my fieldwork interests—repositioned in such an inglorious fashion. The same general figure I have just encountered as a site of sacredness is here used to market running shoes and by implication, beautiful bodies; the same figure I have seen worshiped in altars is implicated in canine toiletry. I stare at the holy man in the advertisement, noticing that he has not been identified in any way. It appears that the allegedly endemic Hindu ascetic practice of lounging on a bed of nails is so familiar to the American public that there is no need for an explanatory note.
Clinical aspects of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas presenting with discordant histologic subtypes

From July 1971 to December 1980, 323 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were randomized into prospective clinical trials at Stanford University Medical Center. Analysis of these cases revealed 30 patients (9.3% of the total) with disease of different histologic subtypes at separate anatomic sites (discordant lymphomas). On further analysis, 16 of these patients (4.8% of the total) were found to have disease of different histological and prognostic types. Recommendation is made that initial therapy be directed at the poor-prognosis component of these tumors. Relapses of both favorable prognostic types and unfavorable histologic types were seen, and further biopsy at the time of relapse is recommended in these cases.
Finsler Metrics of Constant Positive Curvature on the Lie Group S3

Guided by the Hopf fibration, a family (indexed by a positive constant ) of right invariant Riemannian metrics on the Lie group is singled out. Using the Yasuda–Shimada paper as an inspiration, a privileged right invariant Killing field of constant length is determined for each . Each such Riemannian metric couples with the corresponding Killing field to produce a -global and explicit Randers metric on . Employing the machinery of spray curvature and Berwald's formula, it is proved directly that the said Randers metric has constant positive flag curvature , as predicted by Yasuda–Shimada. It is explained why this family of Finslerian space forms is not projectively flat.
A review of state and regional library association periodicals

The deadliest disease afflicting the library press is proliferation. The kindest and most conservative estimate I am able to bring myself to make is that there are at least three times as many library periodicals in this country as we can afford or are necessary. Perhaps the most constructive single thing that could be accomplished would be to persuade at least one in three publishers of a library periodical to cease publication. 1
Modeling of sensor nets in Ptolemy II

This paper describes a modeling and simulation framework called VisualSense for wireless sensor networks that builds on and leverages Ptolemy II. This framework supports actor-oriented definition of sensor nodes, wireless communication channels, physical media such as acoustic channels, and wired subsystems. The software architecture consists of a set of base classes for defining channels and sensor nodes, a library of subclasses that provide certain specific channel models and node models, and an extensible visualization framework. Custom nodes can be defined by subclassing the base classes and defining the behavior in Java or by creating composite models using any of several Ptolemy II modeling environments. Custom channels can be defined by subclassing the WirelessChannel base class and by attaching functionality defined in Ptolemy II models.
Complex Drug Interactions of HIV Protease Inhibitors 1: Inactivation, Induction, and Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 3A by Ritonavir or Nelfinavir

Conflicting drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies with the HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) suggest net induction or inhibition of intestinal or hepatic CYP3A. As part of a larger DDI study in healthy volunteers, we determined the effect of extended administration of two PIs, ritonavir (RTV) or nelfinavir (NFV), or the induction-positive control rifampin on intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity as measured by midazolam (MDZ) disposition after a 14-day treatment with the PI in either staggered (MDZ ∼12 h after PI) or simultaneous (MDZ and PI coadministered) manner. Oral and intravenous MDZ areas under the plasma concentration-time curves were significantly increased by RTV or NFV and were decreased by rifampin. Irrespective of method of administration, RTV decreased net intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity, whereas NFV decreased hepatic but not intestinal CYP3A activity. The magnitude of these DDIs was more accurately predicted using PI CYP3A inactivation parameters generated in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes rather than human liver microsomes.
Transport of intense beam pulses through background plasma

Summary form only given.This paper presents a survey of the present numerical modeling techniques and theoretical understanding of plasma neutralization of intense particle beams. Several particle-in- cell (PIC) codes have been used for modeling of beam propagation in a background plasma. Numerous issues in using PIC codes for simulation of beam-plasma interaction will be reviewed. Investigations of intense beam pulse interaction with a background plasma have identified the operating regimes for stable and neutralized propagation of intense charged particle beams. The proposed theoretical models can predict self-electric and magnetic field of the beam propagating in the target plasma in wide range of parameters. For IFE it is critical to develop a basic understanding of the conditions for quiescent beam propagation over large distances, controlling pinching and filamentation effects, and minimizing the degradation of beam quality due to instabilities and particle loss. We previously developed a reduced analytical model of beam charge and current neutralization for an ion beam pulse propagating in a cold background plasma. The model made use of the conservation of generalized fluid vorticity. The predictions of the analytical model agree very well with numerical simulation results. The model predicts very good charge neutralization during quasi-steady-state propagation, provided the beam pulse duration is much longer than the electron plasma period. In the opposite limit, the beam pulse excites large-amplitude plasma waves. If the beam density is larger than the background plasma density, the plasma waves break, which leads to electron heating. The reduced-fluid description provides an important benchmark for numerical codes and yields useful scaling relations for different beam and plasma parameters. This model has been extended to include the additional effects of a solenoidal magnetic field, gas ionization and the transition regions during beam pulse entry and exit from the plasma. Analytical studies show that a sufficiently large solenoidal magnetic field can increase the degree of current neutralization of the ion beam pulse. However, simulations also show that the self-magnetic field structure of the ion beam pulse propagating through background plasma can be complex and non-stationary. Plasma waves generated by the beam head are greatly modified, and whistler waves propagating ahead of the beam pulse are excited during beam entry into the plasma. Accounting for plasma production by gas ionization yields a larger self-magnetic field of the ion beam compared to the case without ionization, and a wake of the current density and self-magnetic field are generated behind the beam pulse. Beam propagation in a dipole magnetic field configuration and background plasma has also been studied.
In Situ X-Ray Radiographic Study of Intergranular Corrosion in Aluminum Alloys

Abstract In situ x-ray radiography was used to characterize intergranular and exfoliation corrosion in high-strength Al alloys. The samples were either exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at a controlled potential or to high humidity after an electrochemical pretreatment in NaCl solution. Intergranular corrosion (IGC) growth rates in solution for samples encased in epoxy and exposed to solution were distributed over a range with an upper limit equal to the rates determined by the foil penetration technique. Unencased AA2024-T3 (UNS A92024) samples that were held at a controlled potential in solution exhibited IGC and then exfoliation corrosion. AA2024 and AA7178 (UNS A97178) samples encased in epoxy developed sharp intergranular fissures during exposure to 96% RH following an electrochemical pretreatment. Unencased samples given the same treatment exhibited exfoliation in the high-humidity environment.
GILT Accelerates Autoimmunity to the Melanoma Antigen Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1

Melanocyte differentiation Ags, including tyrosinase-related protein (TRP) 1, are relevant to both autoimmune skin depigmentation (vitiligo) and tumor immunity, because they are expressed by both benign melanocytes and many malignant melanomas. Melanoma patients generate CD4+ T cells that specifically recognize these proteins. TRP1 contains internal disulfide bonds and is presented by MHC class II molecules. γ-IFN–inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) facilitates the generation of class II-binding peptides by the endocytic reduction of protein disulfide bonds. We show in this study that GILT is required for efficient MHC class II-restricted processing of a TRP1 epitope in vitro and accelerates the onset of vitiligo in TRP1-specific TCR transgenic mice. The presence of GILT confers a small increase in the percentage of autoreactive T cells with an effector memory phenotype that may contribute to earlier disease onset. The onset of vitiligo is associated with a greater increase in the percentage of autoreactive T cells with an effector memory phenotype. Given that many self and tumor Ags have disulfide bonds and are presented on MHC class II, GILT is likely to be important in the pathogenesis of other CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and for the development of effective cancer immunotherapy.
Docetaxel-induced prostate cancer cell death involves concomitant activation of caspase and lysosomal pathways and is attenuated by LEDGF/p75

Background: Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and high mortality, particularly among African American men when compared to other racial/ethnic groups. It is generally accepted that docetaxel, the standard of care for chemotherapy of HRPC, primarily exerts tumor cell death by inducing mitotic catastrophe and caspase-dependent apoptosis following inhibition of microtubule depolymerization. However, there is a gap in our knowledge of mechanistic events underlying docetaxel-induced caspaseindependent cell death, and the genes that antagonize this process. This knowledge is important for circumventing HRPC chemoresistance and reducing disparities in prostate cancer mortality. Results: We investigated mechanistic events associated with docetaxel-induced death in HRPC cell lines using various approaches that distinguish caspase-dependent from caspase-independent cell death. Docetaxel induced both mitotic catastrophe and caspase-dependent apoptosis at various concentrations. However, caspase activity was not essential for docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity since cell death associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization still occurred in the presence of caspase inhibitors. Partial inhibition of docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity was observed after inhibition of cathepsin B, but not inhibition of cathepsins D and L, suggesting that docetaxel induces caspase-independent, lysosomal cell death. Simultaneous inhibition of caspases and cathepsin B dramatically reduced docetaxel-induced cell death. Ectopic expression of lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), a stress survival autoantigen and transcription co-activator, attenuated docetaxel-induced lysosomal destabilization and cell death. Interestingly,
Effects of CP Violation from Neutral Heavy Fermions on Neutrino Oscillations, and the LSND/MiniBooNE Anomalies

Neutrinos may mix with ultralight fermions, which gives flavor oscillations, and with heavier fermions, which yields short distance flavor change. I consider the case where both effects are present. I show that in the limit where a single oscillation length is experimentally accessible, the effects of heavier fermions on short baseline neutrino oscillations can generically be accounted for by a simple formula containing only four parameters, including observable $CP$ violation. I consider the anomalous LSND and MiniBooNE results, and show that these can be fit in a model with $CP$ violation and two additional sterile neutrinos, one in the mass range between 0.1 and 20 eV, and the other with mass between 32 eV and 40 GeV. I also show that this model can avoid conflict with constraints from existing null short baseline experimental results.
Impasse points. Part II: Analytical aspects

Identification des points d'impasse des circuits non lineaires par la methode Lyapounov-Schmidt
Structural insights into the role of rRNA modifications in protein synthesis and ribosome assembly

We report crystal structures of the Thermus thermophilus ribosome at 2.3- to 2.5-A resolution, which have enabled modeling of rRNA modifications. The structures reveal contacts of modified nucleotides with mRNA and tRNAs or protein pY, and contacts within the ribosome interior stabilizing the functional fold of rRNA. Our work provides a resource to explore the roles of rRNA modifications and yields a more comprehensive atomic model of a bacterial ribosome.
Suppression of Host p53 Is Critical for Plasmodium Liver-Stage Infection

Summary Plasmodium parasites infect the liver and replicate inside hepatocytes before they invade erythrocytes and trigger clinical malaria. Analysis of host signaling pathways affected by liver-stage infection could provide critical insights into host–pathogen interactions and reveal targets for intervention. Using protein lysate microarrays, we found that Plasmodium yoelii rodent malaria parasites perturb hepatocyte regulatory pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, and autophagy. Notably, the prodeath protein p53 was substantially decreased in infected hepatocytes, suggesting that it could be targeted by the parasite to foster survival. Indeed, mice that express increased levels of p53 showed reduced liver-stage parasite burden, whereas p53 knockout mice suffered increased liver-stage burden. Furthermore, boosting p53 levels with the use of the small molecule Nutlin-3 dramatically reduced liver-stage burden in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that perturbation of the hepatocyte p53 pathway critically impacts parasite survival. Thus, host pathways might constitute potential targets for host-based antimalarial prophylaxis.
Using the Sociological Imagination to Teach about academic Integrity

The sociological imagination is a useful tool for teaching about plagiarism and academic integrity, and, in turn, academic integrity is a good case to help students learn about the sociological imagination. We present an exercise in which the class discusses reasons for and consequences of dishonest academic behavior and then examines a series of scenarios using the sociological imagination. Students and instructors consider whether each scenario is a violation of academic integrity norms and how it can be viewed as both personal and public. We demonstrate that this kind of discussion helps students learn about academic integrity and how to think of violations (including causes and a range of outcomes) sociologically. In other words, we encourage students to think of academic dishonesty (both causes and consequences) not just as "personal troubles" but also as "public issues."
Temporal and morphological impact of pressure overload in transgenic FHC mice.

Although familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is characterized as cardiac disease in the absence of overt stressors, disease penetrance and pathological progression largely depend on modifying factors. Accordingly, pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was induced in 2 month-old, male mice with and without a FHC (R403Q) mutation in α-myosin heavy chain. A significantly greater number of FHC mice (8) than wild-type (WT) mice (5) died during the 9-week study period. TAC induced a significant increase in cardiac mass whether measured at 2 or 9 weeks post-TAC in both WT and FHC mice, albeit to a different extent. However, the temporal and morphological trajectory of ventricular remodeling was impacted by the FHC transgene. Both WT and FHC hearts responded to TAC with an early (2 weeks post-TAC) and significant augmentation of the relative wall thickness (RWT) indicative of concentric hypertrophy. By 9 weeks post-TAC, RWT decreased in WT hearts (eccentric hypertrophy) but remained elevated in FHC hearts. WT hearts following TAC demonstrated enhanced cardiac function as measured by the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, pre-load recruitable stroke work, and myocardial relaxation indicative of compensatory hypertrophy. Similarly, TAC induced differential histological and cellular remodeling; TAC reduced expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (2a) (SERCA2a; 2 and 9 weeks) and phospholamban (PLN; 2 weeks) but increased PLN phosphorylation (2 weeks) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MyHC; 9 weeks) in WT hearts. FHC-TAC hearts showed increased β-MyHC (2 and 9 weeks) and a late (9 weeks) decrease in PLN expression concomitant with a significant increase in PLN phosphorylation. We conclude that FHC hearts respond to TAC-induced pressure overload with increased premature death, severe concentric hypertrophy, and a differential ability to undergo morphological, functional or cellular remodeling compared to WT hearts.
The Abortion Debate in Mexico: Realities and Stalled Policy Reform

Over 500000 clandestine abortions occur annually in Mexico many under unfavourable health conditions. An uneasy silence about this situation has long prevailed. Since the 1970s abortion has appeared periodically in public discourse and on the decision-making agenda only for action to be repeatedly postponed. Mobilisation around the abortion issue grew slowly but debate and controversy became nationwide as the country began to experience systemic change in 2000. Despite increasing political pluralism and growing awareness of the existing problems for now in Mexico as elsewhere in Latin America the question of abortion is not judged sufficiently pressing to merit major policy change. However improved contraceptive use and the institution of new technologies and post-abortion care are helping to make abortions safer and rarer. (authors)
Syntheses, characterisations and X-ray crystal structures of 5,5′-bis(diphenylphosphino)2,2′-bithiophene derivatives, Ph2(X)P(C4H2S)2P(X)Ph2 (X = O, S and CH3+ · I−)

Phosphine-substituted oligothiophenes are interesting third-order nonlinear materials. Both their linear and nonlinear optical properties can be altered by varying the group attached to the nonbonding pair of electrons on the phosphorus atoms, the number of phosphine groups attached to the oligothiophene and the number of repeat units in the oligothiophene. In this article, we report the syntheses, multinuclear NMR spectroscopic characterizations and X-ray crystal structures for three derivatives of 5,5′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,2′-bithiophene, Ph2(X)P(C4H2S)2P(X)Ph2 (X = –, 1) in which X is O (2), S (3) and CH3 + · I− (4). The X-ray crystal structures exhibit significantly different π–π stacking, suggesting that these compounds could have significantly different nonlinear optical properties in the solid state.
Bone cement deposition patterns with plasma-mediated radio-frequency ablation and cement augmentation for advanced metastatic spine lesions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Combining percutaneous plasma-mediated radio-frequency (pmRF) ablation with vertebral body augmentation offers an alternative treatment to surgical intervention options for advanced metastatic spinal lesions and is particularly useful for cases with cortical destruction and/or epidural extension. This study evaluates bone cement deposition patterns and extravasation in treated vertebral bodies in relation to the metastatic lesion after using this combined approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective assessments of CT images performed before/after the procedures were evaluated in 37 patients (44 levels) with advanced metastatic lesions. A void was created in the anterior portion of the tumor-infiltrated vertebral body by using a bipolar plasma-mediated radio-frequency−based wand, followed by deposition of bone cement. Pain measured by visual analog scale score was recorded preprocedure and 2–4 weeks afterward. RESULTS: In 19 (43%) levels, 90%–100% of the cement was deposited in the anterior two thirds of the vertebral body. In 34 levels (77%), 75% or more of the cement was deposited in the anterior two thirds of the vertebral body. In 13/15 (86%) levels with posterior lesions, cement was deposited anterior to the lesion. No extravasation was observed in 13 levels (29.5%). Two clinically insignificant incidences of epidural extravasation were noted. Pain relief after the procedure was reported by 25/28 (89.5%) patients with available data. CONCLUSIONS: pmRF ablation may allow greater cement-deposition control, increasing the likelihood of successfully stabilizing the anterior two thirds of the vertebral body. This combined technique appeared particularly useful in cases with posteriorly located lesions. The incidence of cement extravasation was relatively high but clinically insignificant.
Surgical vs Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Disk Herniation: The Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT): A Randomized Trial

Context Lumbar diskectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed for back and leg symptoms in US patients, but the efficacy of the procedure relative to nonoperative care remains controversial.
Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Review of Current Concepts

Femoroacetabular impingement is becoming an increasingly more common diagnosis in the orthopaedic community for hip pain in the younger population. Variations in the femoral head and acetabulum can lead to a sequelae of changes to the cartilage that can lead to osteoarthritis. Diagnosis is made through a combination of patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. Plain radiographs are a very useful tool for evaluating the bony anatomy, while CT scan and MRI have roles for surgical planning and more definitive diagnosis. Most patients should trial physical therapy prior to consideration for any arthroscopic or open procedures. Long-term outcome studies are being performed to determine if surgical intervention has any impact on quality of life and development of osteoarthritis.
Free Flow Isoelectric Focusing in a Microfluidic Device

In recent years, there are growing interests in the use of free flow isoelectric focusing (FFIEF). In FFIEF, a thin sheath of laminar flow is introduced perpendicular to the direction of the applied electric field for continuous separation of proteins and charged species. This technique is especially useful in microfluidic device since the electrophoretically separated bands do not have to be mobilized for detection or further analysis. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to simulate free flow isoelectric process in microfluidic devices considering electroneutrality and incompressibility of electrolytes. Our mathematical model is based on mass, momentum and charge conservation equations. A finite volume based numerical scheme is implemented to simulate two dimensional FFIEF in a microfluidic chip. Simulation results indicate that pH gradient forms as samples flow downstream and proteins can be separated effectively using this technique. A new design of microfluidic chip is proposed for separation for cardiac troponin I from serum albumin using FFIEF technique.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Does imagery enhance long-term retention

In a recent series of experiments, Begg and Robertson (1973) found a direct relationship between the concreteness-imagery value of words and long-term retention. It is suggested that the procedures used to equate degree of learning for concrete and abstract words were faulty, and the conclusion that imagery facilitates retention is questioned.
Induced Postpartum Lactation in Hypophysectomized Rats.

SummaryIt was possible to induce postpartum lactation in hypophysectomized rats, and to maintain a functional development of their mammary glands by injections of combined mammotropic and adrenocorticotropic hormones. That this treament did not constitute complete substitution therapy was shown, however, by the fact that sufficient milk was not available for sustenance of the young.
Injection Realization Calibration Method Research For Electronic Controlled Gasoline Engine

This paper researched the theory and method of the base fuel injection calibration for electronic controlled gasoline engine,discussed the effect of each parameter and the judgment of the calibration data,and advanced a more quickly and precisely method to calibration injector's characteristic.
Use of a new acellular dermal matrix for treatment of nonhealing wounds in the lower extremities of patients with diabetes.

INTRODUCTION Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have successfully been used in the treatment of nonhealing wounds in patients with diabetes. METHODS A new decellularized biological scaffold derived from human skin, D-ADM, (DermACELL, LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA), has shown increased cell infiltration, host tissue integration, and vascularization in comparison to other ADMs. This clinical investigation evaluated the wound closing properties of D-ADM on 18 full-thickness lower extremity wounds in 15 patients with diabetes over a period of 12 weeks. RESULTS A complete wound closure (100% epithelialization) rate of 58% (7/12) and an average duration of 10 weeks was demonstrated. Wound healing, defined as ≥ 95% wound closure, was established in 83% of the wounds (10/12) by the end of the study treatment. CONCLUSION These results compare favorably with other methods of advanced wound care treatment options that utilize skin substitutes to accelerate the healing of difficult-to-treat or chronic wounds.
Thick laminar boundary layer under sudden lateral perturbation

This paper treats the crosswise flow in three-dimensional boundary layer by assuming that in its outer part the boundary layer is essentially non-viscous, while next to the wall, viscosity must be considered. The two, so obtained boundary layer regions are joined, providing an approximate but rapid solution for the crosswise velocity profile.
Gas and Bloating—Controlling Emissions: A Case-Based Review for the Primary Care Provider

The evaluation of the patient with gas and bloating can be complex and the treatment extremely challenging. In this article, a simplified approach to the history and relevant physical examination is presented and applied in a case-oriented manner, suitable for application in the primary care setting.
Physical Scaling Laws of Nanophotonics: Case Photon Conversion

We show that nanophotonic device performance scales non-monotonically with critical length and define the metric to assess the quality of photodetector and conversion processes. Furthermore, we discus an example of a 2D material-based solar cell.
Hibernoma: diagnostic and surgical considerations of a rare benign tumour

Hibernoma is a rare, benign tumour of brown fat origin. Less than 250 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 19-year-old man referred to surgical oncology for evaluation of a large soft tissue mass near the apex of his right scapula. Complete surgical excision was performed, sparing the overlying latissimus dorsi musculature. Surgical pathology revealed findings were consistent with hibernoma, grossly showing a well-encapsulated fluctuant mass measuring 21.4×14.4×5.3 cm, and histologically composed of brown fat adipocytes. The mainstay of treatment is surgical excision of the mass. Primary goals of the operation include complete removal of the mass to prevent recurrence and sparing of adjacent structures as it is a benign, non-invasive tumour. We present a case of a large chest wall hibernoma in a young adult, diagnosed on final pathology after complete surgical excision.
Microbiological Quality of Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) and Water of Live Holding Tanks in Seattle, WA Markets.

Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) and water samples from Live Holding Tanks at five different Seattle area retail markets were analyzed for microbiological quality indicators and for potential pathogens monthly from March to September, 1987. Aeromonas hydrophilia was the most frequently isolated potential pathogen in this study with a higher incidence in oysters (78%) compared to water (53%). Vibrio cholerae non 01 and V. fluvialis were isolated from oyster samples from two different markets but not from water. V. alginolyticus was isolated from 53% of the water samples but was not found in any of the oysters. One oyster sample had a non-pathogenic Yersinia entercolitica . Yersinia spp. were isolated from oyster samples from one tank at two sampling periods. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from one oyster sample. Samples were examined for Listeria spp. during the August sampling period and none were detected. The aerobic plate count was similar for both oyster and water samples and averaged 2000 CFU/gm. Total coliform levels were significantly higher (P<.05) for oysters (525MPN/100gm) compared to water (11MPN/100ml). The degree of water turbidity, crowding and species diversity varied between markets and sampling periods.
Patient-Driven Drug Development

Patient-driven drug development is an emerging approach to pharmaceutical research that is forged in rare-disease communities and patient advocacy networks. Patients and their advocates increasingly engage in drug discovery and influence early-stage drug research as clinical trial participants or through compassionate-use programs. Some advocacy groups and patients also influence which therapies are developed by financing promising treatments that otherwise would not secure funding. Though some critics of patient-driven drug development worry about the ethical and scientific implications of this new approach to research, it also has several advantages over the current system. In this essay I argue that patient-driven drug development is morally permissible.
The Dkk3 gene encodes a vital intracellular regulator of cell proliferation.

Members of the Dickkopf (Dkk) family of Wnt antagonists interrupt Wnt-induced receptor assembly and participate in axial patterning and cell fate determination. One family member, DKK3, does not block Wnt receptor activation. Loss of Dkk3 expression in cancer is associated with hyperproliferation and dysregulated s-catenin signaling, and ectopic expression of Dkk3 halts cancer growth. The molecular events mediating the DKK3-dependent arrest of s-catenin-driven cell proliferation in cancer cells are unknown. Here we report the identification of a new intracellular gene product originating from the Dkk3 locus. This Dkk3b transcript originates from a second transcriptional start site located in intron 2 of the Dkk3 gene. It is essential for early mouse development and is a newly recognized regulator of s-catenin signaling and cell proliferation. Dkk3b interrupts nuclear translocation s-catenin by capturing cytoplasmic, unphosphorylated s-catenin in an extra-nuclear complex with s-TrCP. These data reveal a new regulator of one of the most studied signal transduction pathways in metazoans and provides a novel, completely untapped therapeutic target for silencing the aberrant s-catenin signaling that drives hyperproliferation in many cancers.
Bone and Vertebrate Bodies as Uniformitarian Materials

As stipulated in Chapter 3, contemporary observations are a rich source of knowledge about functional properties of the animal remains that zooarchaeologists study. This chapter reviews intrinsic properties of bone as a living tissue, which exist because of the evolutionary histories and specific life circumstances of individual vertebrates. Zooarchaeologists can use such inherent features to infer the age, sex, season of death of an animal, and to understand peri- and postmortem modifications to skeletal elements. This chapter outlines the origins and histology of bone tissue, bone tissue micro-architecture, macroscopic structural variants, and shape-based bone classifications, as well as pathways of bone growth and development. It briefly describes the histology of teeth and their growth and morphology in mammals. A knowledge of these traits of living organisms permits a more systematic understanding of those qualities of animal bodies that attract humans and strongly determine the condition of archaeofaunal specimens.