cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mis-trafficking of endosomal urokinase proteins triggers drug-induced glioma nonapoptotic cell death.

5-Benzylglycinyl-amiloride (UCD38B) is the parent molecule of a class of anticancer small molecules that kill proliferative and nonproliferative high-grade glioma cells by programmed necrosis. UCD38B intracellularly triggers endocytosis, causing 40–50% of endosomes containing proteins of the urokinase plasminogen activator system (uPAS) to relocate to perinuclear mitochondrial regions. Endosomal “mis-trafficking” caused by UCD38B in human glioma cells corresponds to mitochondrial depolarization with the release and nuclear translocation of apoptotis-inducing factor (AIF) followed by irreversible caspase-independent cell demise. High-content quantification of immunocytochemical colocalization studies identified that UCD38B treatment increased endocytosis of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) into the early and late endosomes by 4- to 5-fold prior to AIF nuclear translocation and subsequent glioma demise. PAI-1 was found to comparably relocate with a subset of early and late endosomes in four different human glioma cell lines after UCD38B treatment, followed by caspase-independent, nonapoptotic cell death. Following UCD38B treatment, the receptor guidance protein LRP-1, which is required for endosomal recycling of the uPA receptor to the plasmalemma, remained abnormally associated with PAI-1 in early and late endosomes. The resultant aberrant endosomal recycling increased the total cellular content of the uPA–PAI-1 protein complex. Reversible inhibition of cellular endocytosis demonstrated that UCD38B bypasses the plasmalemmal uPAS complex and directly acts intracellularly to alter uPAS endocytotic trafficking. UCD38B represents a class of small molecules whose anticancer cytotoxicity is a consequence of causing the mis-trafficking of early and late endosomes containing uPAS cargo and leading to AIF-mediated necrotic cell death.
Lead-free flip chip solution for 40 nm extreme low-k interconnect system

Lead-free flip chip package production solution for 40 nm technology node with aggressive ELK interconnect scheme and tight bump pitch of 150 µm is demonstrated. The use of LF bump and ELK dielectric in a same electronic component poses severe technical challenges due to the pronounced chip-packaging interaction in the system. In this paper, we reviewed the fundamental treatments to enhance the LF bump reliability. New challenges associated with the introduction of ELK are discussed. A careful optimization of material and layer thickness for each constituent in the flip chip package is the key to mitigate the chip-package interactions and to enable LF in 40 nm ELK interconnect.
BLASTing small molecules—statistics and extreme statistics of chemical similarity scores

Motivation: Small organic molecules, from nucleotides and amino acids to metabolites and drugs, play a fundamental role in chemistry, biology and medicine. As databases of small molecules continue to grow and become more open, it is important to develop the tools to search them efficiently. In order to develop a BLAST-like tool for small molecules, one must first understand the statistical behavior of molecular similarity scores. Results: We develop a new detailed theory of molecular similarity scores that can be applied to a variety of molecular representations and similarity measures. For concreteness, we focus on the most widely used measure—the Tanimoto measure applied to chem-ical fingerprints. In both the case of empirical fingerprints and fingerprints generated by several stochastic models, we derive accurate approximations for both the distribution and extreme value distribution of similarity scores. These approximation are derived using a ratio of correlated Gaussians approach. The theory enables the calculation of significance scores, such as Z-scores and P-values, and the estimation of the top hits list size. Empirical results obtained using both the random models and real data from the ChemDB database are given to corroborate the theory and show how it can be applied to mine chemical space. Availability: Data and related resources are available through http://cdb.ics.uci.edu Contact: pfbaldi@ics.uci.edu
Examining Two Types of Best Friendship Dissolution During Early Adolescence

This study examined young adolescents’ experiences with best friendship dissolution. Participants were 77 sixth-grade students (M age = 11.63 years, SD = .36; 11.00-12.69 age range) who reported on...
Progress in hydrodynamics theory and experiments for direct-drive and fast ignition inertial confinement fusion

Recent advances in hydrodynamics theory and experiments at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics are described. Particular emphasis is laid on improvements in the implosion stability achieved by shaping the ablator adiabat and on the newly developed designs for fast ignition fuel assembly. The results of two-dimensional simulations and a recent set of implosion experiments on OMEGA are presented to verify the role of adiabat shaping on the hydrodynamic stability of direct-drive implosions. Adiabat shaping laser pulses are also used to implode massive capsules on a low adiabat and low implosion velocity in order to assemble high density plasmas for fast ignition. The areal densities measured in implosion experiments of such targets on OMEGA are among the highest ever recorded in a laser-driven compression experiment. Slow low-adiabat implosions of massive wetted-foam DT capsules are used in the simulations to generate the fuel assemblies for different driver energies. Such dense cores are then ignited by a fast electron beam and the resulting thermonuclear yield is used to compute the target gain. It is shown that a 200 kJ UV laser can assemble fuel yielding about 18 MJ of energy when ignited by 15 kJ of 1-2 MeV electrons.
Effect of ouabain on adrenal potassium balance in sheep.

SummaryA previous study revealed that ouabain caused a marked decrease in aldosterone secretion, but the adrenal K status was not clear from those data. The present study investigated the magnitude and time course of change in adrenal K balance when ouabain was administered into the adrenal arterial supply of the in situ adrenal of conscious sheep. Ouabain at an adrenal arterial plasma concentration of approximately 2.4 × 10−4M produced a striking negative adrenal K balance within 10 min of beginning the infusion. The adrenal continued to lose K during the 30-min infusion and for 30 min thereafter. The mean total K loss was 42.3 ± 7.9 μequiv/adrenal (n = 11). Thirty minutes after ending the ouabain infusion, the adrenal began taking up K but had not recovered its normal K complement by 60 min.
A low phase noise X-band MMIC GaAs MESFET VCO

We present a fully monolithic X-band VCO MMIC implemented in a commercial GaAs MESFET process. Measurement results demonstrate a single sideband phase noise of -91 dBc/Hz at a 100 KHz offset. This VCO achieves a maximum output power of 11.5 dBm with 12 dB of output power control and a 550 MHz of frequency tuning range. Second harmonic suppression of 20 dB or more is measured across the entire power and frequency range. These results are comparable to, or better than, the best reported results of VCO's implemented in high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) processes.
MODELING THE FOREST TRANSITION: FOREST SCARCITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE HYPOTHESES

An historical generalization about forest cover change in which rapid deforestation gives way over time to forest restoration is called "the forest transition." Prior research on the forest transition leaves three important questions unanswered: (1) How does forest loss influence an individual landowner's incentives to reforest? (2) How does the forest recovery rate affect the likelihood of forest transition? (3) What happens after the forest transition occurs? The purpose of this paper is to develop a minimum model of the forest transition to answer these questions. We assume that deforestation caused by landowners' decisions and forest regeneration initiated by agricultural abandonment have aggregated effects that characterize entire landscapes. These effects include feedback mechanisms called the "forest scarcity" and "ecosystem service" hypotheses. In the forest scarcity hypothesis, forest losses make forest products scarcer, which increases the economic value of forests. In the ecosystem service hypothesis, the environmental degradation that accompanies the loss of forests causes the value of ecosystem services provided by forests to decline. We examined the impact of each mechanism on the likelihood of forest transition through an investigation of the equilibrium and stability of landscape dynamics. We found that the forest transition occurs only when landowners employ a low rate of future discounting. After the forest transition, regenerated forests are protected in a sustainable way if forests regenerate slowly. When forests regenerate rapidly, the forest scarcity hypothesis expects instability in which cycles of large-scale deforestation followed by forest regeneration repeatedly characterize the landscape. In contrast, the ecosystem service hypothesis predicts a catastrophic shift from a forested to an abandoned landscape when the amount of deforestation exceeds the critical level, which can lead to a resource degrading poverty trap. These findings imply that incentives for forest conservation seem stronger in settings where forests regenerate slowly as well as when decision makers value the future.
Drop-interface coalescence rate in tertiary amine solvent extraction

Abstract An important requirement for economical application of solvent extraction technology is rapid and efficient phase disengagement. However, much progress toward a clear fundamental understanding of the factors that affect phase disengagement rate will be needed before a logical approach to the problem will be possible. In this paper, we develop the conceptual framework for the study of drop-interface coalescence in collapsing liquid/liquid dispersions and present the details of the experimental setup employed in our initial work. The method for determining the drop-interface coalescence rate requires measurement of the average volume of drops (vf) adjacent to the interface, their number (n) per unit area of interface, and dispersed-phase throughput (Q) per unit area. We have employed recording videomicrography for measurement of vf and n, while Q is found from the changing position of the major interface as the dispersion band collapses (batch mode).
Role of thiamine in managing ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy

Encephalopathy is a well known side effect of ifosfamide, developing in approximately 10-30% of patients exposed to the drug. It is generally reversible after discontinuing the therapy; however cases of fatal neurotoxicity have been reported. Methylene blue is commonly used in the treatment and prophylaxis of ifosfamide induced encephalopathy; however its efficacy is moderate at best. We report here the utility of thiamine in both treating and preventing ifosfamide induced neurotoxicity in three patients. With the use of intravenous thiamine encephalopathy resolved in all of our patients within a mean time of 17 hours (range 10-30 hours). In three cycles where thiamine was used as prophylaxis no evidence of ifosfamide induced encephalopathy was seen. Thiamine appears to be a safe and effective treatment for reversing encephalopathy resulting form ifosfamide infusion, without any significant side effects.
Manualized Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Case Study

Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is one of the most common anxiety disorders and has been shown to be effectively treated using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Recently, a manualized CBT treatment for SAD has been developed (Hope, Heimberg, & Turk, 2006), with research demonstrating superior treatment outcomes with CBT relative to alternatives (e.g., psychotropic medication). The current case study of Henry, a 26-year old Caucasian male with SAD, implemented this manualized CBT for SAD. Treatment consisted of 15 individual sessions, with follow-ups occurring 2 and 8 months post-treatment. Henry showed marked reductions in SAD symptoms throughout the course of treatment, resulting in complete remission of SAD at the end of formal treatment. His SAD continued to be in remission at the 2-and 8-month follow-up sessions. This case study demonstrates the usefulness of a manualized, individual CBT treatment for SAD.
Hormonal Regulation of Metastasis-Associated Protein 3 Transcription in Breast Cancer Cells

Metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3) is a cell type-specific subunit of the Mi-2/NuRD transcriptional corepressor complex. In breast cancer cells, MTA3 and the Mi-2/NuRD complex mediate repression of Snail, a transcription factor that promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transitions. Thus, MTA3 functions to maintain a differentiated, epithelial status in breast cancer. Interestingly, in mammary epithelial cells, MTA3 biosynthesis requires both functional estrogen receptor (ER) and estradiol. Here we have investigated the molecular basis for estrogen and ER-dependent expression of MTA3 in breast cancer cells. Molecular dissection of the MTA3 promoter using transient transfection assays identified a composite element required for high-level transcription consisting of an SP1 site in close proximity to a consensus estrogen response element half-site. Depletion of either SP1 or ER-alpha by RNA interference led to loss of MTA3 transcript in multiple breast cancer cell lines, indicating a requirement for both transcription factors in expression of endogenous MTA3. The MTA3 gene thus joins a growing list of loci regulated by both SP1 and ER.
Composition of local potential functions for global robot control and navigation

This paper develops a method of composing simple control policies, applicable over a limited region in a dynamical system's free space, such that the resulting composition completely solves the navigation and control problem for the given system operating in a constrained environment. The resulting control policy deployment induces a global control policy that brings the system to the goal, provided that there is a single connected component of the free space containing both the start and goal configurations. In this paper, control policies for both kinematic and simple dynamical systems are developed. This work assumes that the initial velocities are somewhat aligned with the desired velocity vector field. We conclude by offering an outline of an approach for accommodating arbitrary dynamical constraints and initial conditions.
Double group of the icosahedral group (Ih) and its application to fullerenes

Abstract The character table of the double group of the icosahedral group, I h 2 is derived. The correlation table for the rovibronic states as well as spin states both involving integral and half-integral spins are derived. It is shown that the spin states that correspond to half-integral and integral spins exhibit a cyclicity of 15 and 30, respectively, with respect to correlation into the double group. Applications to the spin-orbits states of metallo-fullerene are considered.
Research Article: A study of Bromus tectorum L. seed germination in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado

Abstract Bromus tectorum L. (Cheatgrass, Downy brome) is an invasive grass that has recently proliferated within the Gunnison Basin, Colorado. This study examined variation in germination in response to temperature, storage duration, and habitat. Four populations within the Gunnison Basin were sampled. Seeds were kept in dry storage for 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks and then incubated at four different temperature regimes. Seeds in storage for zero weeks had low percent germination, while seeds in storage for 16 weeks had high percent germination. The optimal temperature for germination was room temperature, while the least favorable temperature regime was 5:10 °C. Within these general patterns, significant differences were found among populations in percent germination, but the differences decreased as seeds after-ripened. Seeds that were chilled prior to germination tests at the 5:10 °C temperature regime showed enhanced germination compared to seeds that were not chilled. Similar to what has been found in ...
Gender in Science and Engineering Faculties: Demographic Inertia Revisited

The under-representation of women on faculties of science and engineering is ascribed in part to demographic inertia, which is the lag between retirement of current faculty and future hires. The assumption of demographic inertia implies that, given enough time, gender parity will be achieved. We examine that assumption via a semi-Markov model to predict the future faculty, with simulations that predict the convergence demographic state. Our model shows that existing practices that produce gender gaps in recruitment, retention, and career progression preclude eventual gender parity. Further, we examine sensitivity of the convergence state to current gender gaps to show that all sources of disparity across the entire faculty career must be erased to produce parity: we cannot blame demographic inertia.
Higher fasting plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 are associated with higher resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation rates in humans

Background Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone that decreases appetite and promotes satiety. Its role in energy metabolism regulation is still poorly understood. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the relation of fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations to rates of energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation-ie, respiratory quotient (RQ). Design Forty-six glucose-tolerant white subjects (22 men, 24 women) aged 18-49 y whose adiposity spanned a wide range [body mass index (in kg/m2): 18.5-50] were studied in an inpatient clinic. Main outcome measures included resting EE and RQ (ventilated hood technique), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and fasting plasma concentrations of GLP-1, pancreatic polypeptide, glucose, and insulin. Results Fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations were positively associated with resting EE (after adjustment for age, sex, and body composition) and negatively correlated with RQ (after adjustment for age, sex, and percentage body fat) and fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations (both before and after adjustment for age, sex, percentage body fat, and fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations). Adjustment for fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations, a marker of parasympathetic outflow to the gut, attenuated the strength of the association of fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations with resting EE and RQ. Conclusions Higher fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations are associated with higher rates of EE and fat oxidation independent of age, sex, and body composition. The autonomic nervous system may have a role in this relation. This effect, along with the established role of GLP-1 in promoting satiety, may further foster its therapeutic potential in the treatment of obesity.
Marketing Dynamics: A Primer on Estimation and Control

Author(s): Naik, PA | Abstract: This primer provides a gentle introduction to the estimation and control of dynamic marketing models. It introduces dynamic models in discrete- And continuous-time, scalar and multivariate settings, with observed outcomes and unobserved states, as well as random and/or time-varying parameters. It exemplifies how various dynamic models can be cast into the unifying state space framework, the benefit of which is to use one common algorithm to estimate all dynamic models. The primer then focuses on the estimation part, which answers questions such as: how much is the sales elasticity of advertising? How much sales lift can managers expect for a certain level of price promotion? What is the best sales forecast for the next quarter? The estimation relies on two principles: Kalman filtering and the likelihood principle. The Kalman filter recursively infers the means and covariances of an unobserved state vector as the observed outcomes arrive over time. This evolution of moments is then embedded in the likelihood function to obtain parameter estimates and their statistical significance. Next, the primer elucidates the control part, which answers questions such as: how much should managers spend on advertising over time and across regions? What is the best promotional timing and depth? How should managers optimally respond to competing brands' actions and resulting outcomes? The control part relies on the maximum principle and the optimality principle. Pontryagin's maximum principle allows managers to determine the optimal course of action (for example, the optimal levels and timing of advertising spends or price promotions) to attain a specified goal, such as profit maximization. Bellman's optimality principle, on the other hand, offers insights into optimal course correction when implementing the best plan as the state of a system varies dynamically and/or stochastically. Finally, the 176 primer presents three examples on the application of optimal control, differential games, and stochastic control theory to marketing problems, and illustrates how to discover novel insights into managerial decision-making.
Avoiding an Electoral Lost Decade: What Lessons Will We Learn in the 2011 Redistricting Cycle?

With the decennial redistricting cycle starting anew in 2011, there is an opportunity to learn from the lessons of the past cycle as legislators draw their own boundaries in most states, and independent commissions draw them in the others. While the use of commissions has been trumpeted as a way of improving electoral systems, there has been little effective difference between commission-based and legislative-based electoral maps in terms of the standards of electoral symmetry and responsiveness. I recommend that no matter which method is used by a state for drawing their legislative and congressional boundaries, states should bear these factors in mind as they redraw their maps in the coming year.
Social Relationships Among Adolescents With Disabilities: Unique and Cumulative Associations With Adjustment

This exploratory study investigated linkages between parent, peer, teacher, and mentor relationships and adjustment among adolescents with disabilities. The sample included 228 high school students with disabilities (65% male, 50% White) across four states. Overall findings indicate that students’ social relationships were significantly associated with life satisfaction, problem behaviors, and school bonding and that teacher–student relationships contributed significant unique variance to these outcomes over and above influences of parents and peers. An analysis of specific dimensions of relationships indicated that trust and alienation in teacher–student relationships were particularly strong predictors of adjustment. Mentors also contributed significantly to the life satisfaction of youth. Collectively, our findings indicate that nonfamilial adults significantly contributed to the overall well-being of youth with disabilities.
A Fully Integrated Power-Efficient SoC with a Wireless UWB Transmitter for Biomedical and Chemical Research

This paper presents a fully integrated mixed-signal microsystem designed for biomedical and electrochemical research. Our primary design objective is low power operation that enables battery powered in- or ex-vivo experiments on untethered animals. The system runs from a primary or secondary battery that can be recharged via two inductively coupled 8㎜-diameter coils. The system includes a wireless ultra-wide band (UWB) transmitter with a pulse-repetition-frequency (PRF) up to 200 ㎒. The system is built on a 16-bit microprocessor with an optimized instruction set and 32 kB of on-chip SRAM. The digital core consumes 350 ㎼ at 10 ㎒ and is capable of running at frequencies up to 200 ㎒. The core microcontroller and UWB transmitter have been fabricated in a 65 ㎚ CMOS technology and been fully tested as stand-alone chips. The remaining blocks, including a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC), two 10-bit digital-to-analog converters (DAC), and a sleep mode timer have been designed and extensively simulated and the SoC will be submitted for fabrication in October 2013. Measured and simulated results are presented.
Development of serviceability prediction model for county paved roads

AbstractThis paper developed a pavement serviceability prediction model for county paved roads. Most county paved roads were built decades ago without following minimum design standards. The recent increase in industrial/mineral activities in the State of Wyoming required developing a pavement management system (PMS) for local paved roads. The developed PMS used the pavement serviceability index (PSI) as a pavement performance parameter. The proposed PSI model for local roads is based on: international roughness index, pavement condition index (PCI) and rut depth for flexible pavements only. Ten panellists from Wyoming rated 30 pavement sections that were randomly selected at different distresses’ levels; using two vehicles (SUV and Sedan). The statistical analysis indicated that the seating position, age and gender are not significant to the rating process. However, the vehicle’s type found to be significant. The newly developed model from this study explains 80% of the variations in the PSI values of co...
Systems Approach to Biosafety and Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials

The need for nanomaterials biosafety and risk assessment is an offshoot of the widespread use of nanoscale particle (NP)-derived materials in over 300 nanotechnology-based products already in comme...
Landuse change and driving factors in the Xi'an-Xianyang urban areas,Northwest China

Urbanization has significant effects in densely populated China.The increasing extent of urban built-up areas and the associated land-use and land-cover change(LULCC) are among major factors in considerations for resources and environmental management,in particular in ecologically fragile regions such as the western China.To better understand the urbanization process of the Xi'an-Xianyang urban areas,we documented land cover changes between 1988,1995,and 2006 using Landsat remote sensing data,identified the socioeconomic factors driving the changes,and revealed the spatial pattern of change between the two cities.The research indicates that LULCC between the three time periods involved major transitions of land from agriculture to urban classes.Urban land cover of the Xi'an-Xianyang region increased during 1988～2006,while the agriculture and forest lands decreased.Analyses of socioeconomic data suggest that the change of household size,such as reduced number of occupants per household,has been a significant factor that affected urban land expansion.This involves the increased demands of the amount of land and materials and promoted the urbanization process.
Marketing-distribution-dispatch Management Model Optimization for Country Grid

With the development of smart grid,the problem needed to be solved for country grid is how to integrate the information at the utmost on the premise of preview and feasibility.By analyzing the present status of country grid information construction,this paper proposes marketing-distribution-dispatch optimized management model.The model forms a dispatch-control automatic system in security I quarter.Then it realizes the information sharing of different quarters and departments by standardization information exchange bus(IEB).Applications are integrated based on IEB.
Percept, Label, Core

For several decades George A. Miller has been concerned with an astounding variety of MLM issues, such as the structure and function of the mental lexicon as a dynamic database, the parallels between syntactic and semantic relations, and the application of formal-language theory to the study of natural language. His efforts, along with those of Philip N. Johnson-Laird, have generated a cornucopia of conclusions and speculations pertinent to the modelling of meaning, especially about the possibility that linguistic knowledge can be described in terms of ‘associations between words and percepts’.1
Antiviral Vaccines: Challenges and Advances

Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing and controlling viral infections. The eradication of smallpox and the significant progress made toward polio eradication are clear examples of the great impact of antiviral vaccines. However, viral infections remain a major public health threat and a significant cause of death. Most of the antiviral vaccines introduced over the past century were empirically developed. Poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, and rubella are examples of diseases that are now largely controlled thanks to these empirically developed vaccines. However, there is a growing list of viral pathogens against which effective vaccines are yet to be developed. Recent technological advances will potentially provide us with new platforms that could be harnessed to develop vaccines against emerging and reemerging viral pathogens.
Phase noise of sources for multiplication to mm-wave frequencies

Frequency multiplication of microwave sources to achieve low-phase noise, frequency stability and high output power at mm-wave frequencies is an increasingly attractive option compared to fundamental mm-wave sources. We report on the development of a phase noise measurement system operating at /spl sim/7GHz and its use to characterise a variety of sources for multiplication to 94GHz.
A protocol for controlling devices over a network-a new VXIbus draft specification

This paper describes the TCP/IP Instrument Protocol Specification and its companion document, the TCP/IP-VXIbus Interface Specification. These documents are draft VXIbus Consortium specifications which define a protocol for connecting VXIbus instrumentation to a TCP/IP computer network. These specifications begin to fill the need for standard ways to connect instrumentation to computer networks. This paper describes the objectives of the specifications, gives a brief LAN primer to assist in understanding the technology, and describes both the network instrument protocol and the LAN-to-VXI mapping to be implemented within TCP/IP-VXIbus Interface Devices.
Endoscopic Approach to Primary Orbital Tumors

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to summarize the principles of endoscopic orbital surgery with references to the most recent literature on the topic.
The Emotional Consequences of Arousal without Reason

This chapter addresses an exceptionally important issue that has significant implications for emotion theory and research as well as for methods of clinical intervention. The issue has achieved its status largely on the basis of a single experiment reported by Schachter and Singer in 1962. We are probably still too close to the action to see this experiment in historical perspective and to determine whether it falls in the camp with those that significantly advance knowledge or with those that discover phlogiston or the N-ray. Put another way, was the Schachter-Singer study and the emotion model it supported a significant factor in the cognitive psychology boom of the past two decades, or did it merely gravitate to an unearned place on the crest of the wave made by such works as Miller, Galanter, and Pribram’s Plans and the Structure of Behavior and Neisser’s Cognition and Reality? If one were judging merely by the frequency with which the Schachter-Singer study is cited, one would have to conclude that it is a study of the first rank.
Adolescents’ judgments of homophobic harassment toward male and female victims: The role of gender stereotypes

AbstractOne hundred and fifty-six adolescents, drawn from a high school in a Midwestern suburb, provided judgments of a hypothetical incident of homophobic harassment with either a male or female victim. Participants also completed a revised version of the Macho Scale, measuring their endorsement of gender stereotypes (α = .75). Without the interaction term, victim gender was not predictive of judgments of the harassment, however, endorsement of gender stereotypes decreased the odds of believing the behavior was completely wrong (χ2 (1) = 9.18, p = .00). Once added, the interaction term was the only significant variable in the model, demonstrating that endorsement of gender stereotypes has an effect on judgments of homophobic harassment of male victims, but not female victims (χ2 (1) = 4.78, p = .03). As more schools invest resources in anti-harassment initiatives, our findings suggest that discussion of gender and gender stereotypes is essential.
Imagining the Unimaginable: Illustration as Gateway

Illustration, I argue in this chapter, contributes to a given work’s adaptation network by establishing distinctive iconography and by distilling a work to representative scenes, moments, and elements. The aspects of a prose work that illustrators depict (and how they do so) correspond to those similarly reinforced in other illustrated editions as well as in film adaptations. Looking to several sets of illustrations of Henry James’s novellas Daisy Miller and Washington Square and Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, I consider how similarities in content and tone among the sets suggest a consensus on what “counts” in the work and point to the reiterative process by which the cultural knowledge and memory of a particular work is constructed. This chapter examines some ways in which illustrations in illustrated novels are coded to elicit particular readings that can impact readers’ interpretations of a work by resolving ambiguities or visualizing aspects absent from the prose narrative.
Cancer: Keeping it real to kill glioblastoma

The results of in vitro and in vivo screens to identify genes that are essential for the survival of a type of brain cancer show almost no overlap, underlining the need for caution when interpreting in vitro studies. See Letter p355.
Pocket Knowledge Base Population

Existing Knowledge Base Population methods extract relations from a closed relational schema with limited coverage leading to sparse KBs. We propose Pocket Knowledge Base Population (PKBP), the task of dynamically constructing a KB of entities related to a query and finding the best characterization of relationships between entities. We describe novel Open Information Extraction methods which leverage the PKB to find informative trigger words. We evaluate using existing KBP shared-task data as well anew annotations collected for this work. Our methods produce high quality KB from just text with many more entities and relationships than existing KBP systems.
Exfoliated WS2-Nafion Composite based Electromechanical Actuators.

The ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion is of significant interest in many energy conversion technologies. Here, we demonstrate the first liquid phase exfoliated WS2-Nafion nanocomposite based electro-mechanical actuators. Highly exfoliated layers of WS2 mixed with Nafion solution, solution cast and doped with Li+ was studied as electromechanical actuators. Resonant Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photo-electron-spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and AC impedance spectroscopy were used to study the structure, photoluminescence, water uptake, mechanical and electromechanical actuation properties of the exfoliated nanocomposites. A 114% increase in elastic modulus (dry condition), 160% increase in proton conductivity, 300% increase in water uptake, cyclic strain amplitudes of ~0.15% for 0.1 Hz excitation frequency, tip displacements greater than nanotube-Nafion and graphene-Nafion actuators and continuous operation for more than 5 hours is observed for TMD-Nafion actuators. The mechanism behind the increase in water uptake is a result of oxygen atoms occupying the vacancies in the hydrophilic exfoliated flakes and subsequently bonding with water, not possible in Nafion composites based on carbon nanotube and graphene.
Challenges to Sociocultural Predictors of Information Seeking: A Text of Race Versus Situation Movement State

(1981). Challenges to Sociocultural Predictors of Information Seeking: A Text of Race Versus Situation Movement State. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 549-569.
Vms1 Relieves a Mitochondrial Import Chokehold

Ribosome stalling results in the production of truncated proteins that can cause proteotoxic stress if not efficiently degraded. A recent paper by Izawa et al. (2017) identifies Vms1 as a key player in the regulation of ribosome quality control specifically on mitochondria-localized ribosomes, ultimately preventing protein aggregate accumulation within mitochondria.
Introduction to VLBI

The principles of Very Long Baseline Interferometry are essentially the same as those in connected-element interferometry. Both systems can be used to make images of extended radio sources through the application of various calibration and image restoration techniques or to measure geometric quantities such as the positions of point sources or baseline vectors. The distinguishing characteristic of VLBI, as currently practiced, is that the interferometer elements, or stations, operate without any communication in real time. At each station, the signals are converted to a baseband of frequencies and are recorded on magnetic tape along with timing information for later correlation. The frequency standard at each station controls the phase of the local oscillator signal, which is necessary to convert the received signal to a baseband, and the station clock (see Fig. 1). The frequencies of the frequency standards are not precisely determined, and the clocks cannot be set exactly. Hence, there is a frequency offset and epoch error associated with the data recorded at each station. Thus, the processing of the data from a VLBI experiment must begin with a two-dimensional search for fringes, which involves the alignment of the data streams in time and frequency. The recording of the received signals on tape limits the bandwidth and presents some interesting problems concerning how to represent the signal.
Chromatographic Chiral Separations on Immobilised Proteins: Does High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Mirror Nature?

A commercially available high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chiral stationary phase (CSP) based upon immobilised bovine serum abumin, the BSA-CSP, has been used to investigate the protein binding of enantiomeric solutes. The changes in the chromatographic retention which resulted from the addition of mobile phase modifiers were compared with parallel in vitro protein binding studies. The results of these studies indicate that the commercially available BSA-CSP can be used to investigate the binding interactions between a series of solutes and the protein. The use of mobile phase modifiers has demonstrated a direct relationship between in vitro protein binding and chromatographic retention. In addition, the use of enantiomeric solutes has shown that the BSACSP can be used to probe the number and relative affinities of various binding sites on the protein.
Acute and chronic effects of ethanol on event-related potentials.

Evoked potentials (EPs) have been widely used to elucidate some of the effects of the acute administration of ethanol on the human central nervous system. Ethanol reduces the amplitude of evoked potential components in the 30–400 msec range regardless of the stimulation modality: somatosensory (Lewis et al., 1970; Porjesz and Begleiter, 1973; Salamy, 1973; Salamy and Williams, 1973; Seales et al., in press), visual (Lewis et al., 1970; Porjesz and Begleiter, 1975; Rhodes et al., 1975; Taghavy et al., 1976) and auditory (Fruhstorfer and Soveri, 1968; Gross et al., 1966; Kopell et al., 1978; Pfefferbaum et al., in press; Roth et al., 1977). This amplitude reduction differs for different components and electrode locations. For example, Porjesz and Begleiter (1975) found that visual EP components in the earlier part of the 50 to 250 msec latency range were less sensitive to ethanol than peaks in the later part of this range. Similar results were also reported by Rhodes et al. (1975) for visual EPs and by Salamy and Williams (1973) for the somatosensory modality. Lewis et al. (1970) and Porjesz and Begleiter (1975) found that EPs recorded from central leads were more sensitive to ethanol than EPs from occipital leads.
Tying and Tearing in Robotic and Laparoscopic Intracorporeally Hand-Sewn Ileocolic Anastomoses. A Propensity Score-Matched Prospective Study

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the ergonomics of laparoscopy as well as the lack of tactile feedback in robotic surgery on intracorporeal suturing. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study that compared the first 12 consecutive robotic hand-sewn ileocolic anastomoses to matched laparoscopic cases performed by the same surgeon. The endpoints were interrupted suturing and tying time, and the numbers of interrupted sutures placed and torn. Propensity score matching was based on age, body mass index, previous abdominal surgery, and diagnosis. Ileocolic anastomoses were hand-sewn in two layers: running 3-0 polyglycolic acid and interrupted 3-0 silk. Continuous variables were compared using the Student t test, whereas a Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Linear regression and a cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) were used for quality control. RESULTS Median time for robotic suturing and tying was significantly shorter than that in matched laparoscopic cases (89.5 sec (IQR 76-103.5) vs. 160 sec (IQR 146-210), p<0.0001). There were fewer torn sutures in laparoscopic suturing (1 (IQR 1-2.5) vs. 0 (IQR 0-0.5), p<0.0026). No differences were found in complication rates (6 vs. 2 p=0.19). CUSUM analysis did not show a significant improvement in the number of torn sutures over time. CONCLUSION Although there were more torn sutures with robotic suturing and tying, significantly less time was required than for laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing. This study suggests that torn sutures may be the result of a lack of tactile feedback rather than the presence of a learning curve.
Influence of zonal flow and density on resistive drift wave turbulent transport

The generations of zonal flow (ZF) and density (ZD) and their feedback on the resistive drift wave turbulent transport are investigated within the modified Hasegawa-Wakatani model. With proper normalization, the system is only controlled by an effective adiabatic parameter, α, where the ZF dominates the collisional drift wave (DW) turbulence in the adiabatic limit α > 1. By conducting direct numerical simulations, we found that the ZF can significantly reduce the transport by trapping the DWs in the vicinities of its extrema for α > 1, whereas the ZD itself has little impact on the turbulence but can only assist ZF to further decrease the transport by flattening the local plasma density gradient.
Reliability and Validity of the Functional Gait Assessment in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Background There are limited psychometrically sound measures to assess higher level balance in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Objectives To evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability and convergent validity of the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) in individuals with iSCI. Methods Twelve participants (11 male, 1 female) 32 to 73 years old with chronic motor iSCI, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale C (n = 2) or D (n = 10), were included. Participants completed five outcome measures during a single test session including lower extremity motor scores from the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, FGA, 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI-II), and the Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Profile (SCI-FAP). Results Inter- and intrarater reliability for the FGA were excellent. Interrater reliability was excellent with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores greater than 0.92 (p < .001). Interrater reliability against an expert was also excellent for all raters, with an ICC greater than or equal to 0.92 (p < .01). Intrarater reliability was excellent with an ICC score of greater than 0.91 (p < .002) for all raters. Validity of the FGA with 10MWT was -0.90 (p = .000), FGA with WISCI-II was 0.74 (p = .006), and FGA with SCI-FAP was -0.83 (p = .001). Conclusion The FGA is a reliable and valid outcome measure to use when assessing gait and balance in individuals with motor iSCI. The FGA provides clinicians with a single tool to utilize across a variety of neurologic diagnoses.
Selection of surrogate modeling techniques for surface approximation and surrogate-based optimization

Abstract Surrogate models are used to map input data to output data when the actual relationship between the two is unknown or computationally expensive to evaluate for several applications, including surface approximation and surrogate-based optimization. This work evaluates the performance of eight surrogate modeling techniques for those two applications over a set of generated datasets with known characteristics. With this work, we aim to provide general rules for selecting an appropriate surrogate model form based solely on the characteristics of the data being modeled. The computational experiments revealed that there is a dependence of the surrogate modeling performance on the data characteristics. However, in general, multivariate adaptive regression spline models and Gaussian process regression yielded the most accurate predictions for approximating a surface. Random forests, support vector machine regression, and Gaussian process regression models most reliably identified the optimum locations and values when used for surrogate-based optimization.
Presenilin 1 is a direct regulator of the cardiac sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump.

The gamma secretase catalytic subunit presenilin 1 (PS1) is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons, where it regulates Ca2+ signaling. PS1 is also expressed in heart, but its role in regulation of cardiac Ca2+ transport remains unknown. Since the type 2 sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) plays a central role in cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis, we studied whether PS1 regulates the cardiac SERCA2a function. The experiments were conducted in an inducible human SERCA2a stable T-Rex-293 cell line transfected with fluorescently labeled PS1 and the ER Ca2+ sensor R-CEPIA1er. Confocal imaging showed that that PS1 is localized predominantly in the ER membrane. Fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments in HEK293 cells transfected with fluorescently labeled SERCA2a and PS1 revealed that the two proteins directly interact with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The functional significance of this interaction was investigated in a heterologous cellular environment using a novel approach to directly measure ER Ca2+ dynamics. Measurements of SERCA2a-mediated Ca2+ transport showed that PS1 enhanced Ca2+ uptake at low ER Ca2+ loads ( 0.35 mM). The results of this study revealed that PS1 could act as an important regulator of the cardiac Ca2+ pump function with a complex stimulatory/inhibitory profile.
Public Health Failure When Complex

Public Health has suffered a long series of setbacks, some of its own making, some due to larger societal issues. In the nineteenth century, the rise of the germ theory of infectious disease resulted in an enormous wave of success, each time concentrating on a particular problem. As individual infectious diseases were identified, collections of symptoms were associated with the particular disease. The subsequent identification of a specific agent that lead to that disease meant groups of patients could be established as infected and then methods could be sought to control the infection, either through public works or through medicine and later antibiotics.