cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A2Cloud-cc: A Machine Learning Council to Guide Cloud Resource Selection for Scientific Applications

We present the A2Cloud-cc suite: a multi-agent recommender system to facilitate Cloud resource selection for scientific applications. The suite comprises two components: A2Cloud framework and Council-of-Classifiers (CC). A2Cloud provides the first level of instance recommendation by profiling the target application and selected Cloud instances using hardware benchmarks. The framework uses this information to generate objective scores that are representatives of an application's execution time and cost on the chosen instances. A2Cloud saves this analysis to a public database for scalable machine-learning (ML). CC comprises three ML agents including collaborative filtering, Naive Bayes', and multinomial logistic regression classifiers; and one decision-making agent: analytic hierarchy process (AHP). CC downloads the A2Cloud analysis from the database to train the three ML agents for instance recommendation. During testing, AHP pools the instance recommendations from ML agents to yield a single recommendation that satisfies the user's preference for performance and cost. We train the suite using 8 applications and 20 Cloud instances from multiple providers. Our testing with two scientific applications yield prediction accuracy over 90%. The suite's aim is to provide users with a sustainable and user-contributed platform that assists with cost-effective instance selection.
Polyrhythmic multifrequency synchronization in coupled oscillators with exactly solvable attractors

While stable polyrhythmic multifrequency n : l dynamics has traditionally been an important element in music performance, recently, this type of dynamics has been discovered in the human brain in t...
Thrombocytosis as a Marker of Allograft Rejection in Lung Transplantation: A Case Series

Introduction Thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥450 × 109/L) in the early postoperative period after lung transplantation has been correlated with acute cellular rejection (ACR). However, we have also observed significant elevations in platelet counts in the setting of reduced lung function secondary to allograft dysfunction in the late postoperative period. Herein, we describe a case series of three lung transplant recipients with thrombocytosis coincident with episodes of ongoing allograft rejection. Case Report Three bilateral lung transplant recipients - a 21-year-old female with trauma-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (patient A), 68-year-old male with interstitial lung disease (patient B), and 60-year-old male with inherited emphysema (patient C) - each presented with few days’ history of exertional dyspnea at 4-months, 36-months, and 28-months post-transplant, respectively. Chest computed tomography revealed multifocal bilateral pulmonary consolidations and ground glass changes in patient A, mild upper lobe reticular changes in patient B, and subtle nodular opacities in the upper lobes in patient C. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy revealed influenza virus and grade A2 ACR in patient A. Biopsies in patient B and C showed no evidence of ACR, but revealed focal lung injuries. Marked thrombocytosis was observed on peripheral blood smear in all three patients at the time of admission, and complete blood count showed elevated platelet counts of 525 × 109/L, 626 × 109/L, and 681 × 109/L. Trends of patients’ platelet counts and corresponding lung function measures are shown in Figure 1. Summary We observed waxing and waning thrombocytosis which corresponded with gradual decline in lung function that ultimately trended towards accelerated chronic lung allograft dysfunction in all three patients. Exploration of this hematologic phenomenon in the setting of late postoperative allograft dysfunction is warranted.
Obstructive sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that frequently involves the lung. Although classically thought of as a restrictive lung disease, airway obstruction has become a recognized feature of the disease in the past years. Sarcoidosis can affect the airway at any level and when the involvement includes small airways, it can resemble more common obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. Pulmonary function testing and high-resolution computerized tomography of the chest are two important tools to evaluate the presence and extent of airway obstruction in sarcoidosis. Pharmacologic options for the treatment of obstructive sarcoidosis are, in large part, not supported by large randomized clinical trials. In severe cases of bronchostenosis owing to sarcoidosis granuloma or extrinsic compression from intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, interventional bronchoscopy has successfully been performed, although repeated procedures are usually required. Lung transplantation is an ultimate option in selected patients with late-stage fibrotic disease.
Update on the pathogenesis and treatment of skeletal fragility in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Fracture risk is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, these patients sustain fractures despite having higher levels of areal bone mineral density, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, than individuals without T2DM. Thus, additional factors such as alterations in bone quality could have important roles in mediating skeletal fragility in patients with T2DM. Although the pathogenesis of increased fracture risk in T2DM is multifactorial, impairments in bone material properties and increases in cortical porosity have emerged as two key skeletal abnormalities that contribute to skeletal fragility in patients with T2DM. In addition, indices of bone formation are uniformly reduced in patients with T2DM, with evidence from mouse studies published over the past few years linking this abnormality to accelerated skeletal ageing, specifically cellular senescence. In this Review, we highlight the latest advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of skeletal fragility in patients with T2DM and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches to address this problem. This Review outlines the pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and discusses potential therapeutic approaches to the management of increased fracture risk in these patients. The evidence that skeletal fragility should now be included in the list of well-recognized diabetic complications is also summarized.
Inhibition of ABCC1 Decreases cAMP Egress and Promotes Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Relaxation.

In most living cells, the second messenger roles for 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are short-lived, confined to the intracellular space, and tightly controlled by the binary switch-like actions of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs)-activated adenylyl cyclase (cAMP production) and cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cAMP breakdown). Using human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells in culture as a model, here we report that activation of the cell surface β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR), a Gs-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), evokes cAMP egress to the extracellular space. Increased extracellular cAMP levels ([cAMP]e) are long-lived in culture and induced by receptor-dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms in such a way as to define a universal response class of increased intracellular cAMP levels ([cAMP]i). We find that HASM cells express multiple ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters, with ABCC1 being the most highly enriched transcript mapped to multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRPs). We show that pharmacological inhibition or downregulation of ABCC1 with small interfering RNA markedly reduces β2AR-evoked cAMP release from HASM cells. Further, inhibition of ABCC1 activity or expression decreases basal tone and increases β-agonist-induced HASM cellular relaxation. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for ABCC1 in the homeostatic regulation of [cAMP]i in HASM that may be conserved traits of the Gs-coupled family of GPCRs. Hence, the general features of this activation mechanism may uncover new disease-modifying targets in the treatment of airflow obstruction in asthma. Surprisingly, we find that serum cAMP levels are elevated in a small cohort of patients with asthma as compared with controls that warrants further investigation.
Retention in care for persons with opioid use disorder transitioning from sublingual to injectable buprenorphine.

Abstract Introduction In the current overdose epidemic, effective treatments for opioid use disorders (OUD), including innovations in medication delivery such as extended-release formulations, have the potential to improve treatment access and reduce treatment discontinuation. This study assessed treatment retention in a primary care–based, extended-release buprenorphine program. Methods The study recruited individuals (n = 92) who transitioned from sublingual buprenorphine to extended-release buprenorphine (BUP-XR) in 2018–2019. The study defined the primary outcome, treatment retention, as three or more consecutive, monthly BUP-XR injections following the transition to BUP-XR in this retrospective chart review. Results Participants' mean age was 38 years old and 67% were male. The average duration of sublingual buprenorphine prior to transition was 17.1 (±28.1) months. Three months after transition, 48% of extended-release buprenorphine patients had discontinued BUP-XR treatment. Persons with chronic pain were more likely, and those who had used heroin in the past month less likely to continue BUP-XR. Mean months on sublingual buprenorphine prior to BUP-XR initiation was 24.3 (±32.5) months for people who received 3+ post-induction injections compared to only 8.9 (±19.5) months for those who did not (p = .009). Conclusions Extended-release buprenorphine discontinuation was high in a real-world setting. Retention continues to represent a major obstacle to treatment effectiveness, and programs need interventions with even newer MOUD formulations.
Eyelid ptosis and muscle weakness in a child with Kawasaki disease: a case report.

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis that often occurs in children under 5 years. Ptosis and muscle weakness associated with KD are rarely documented. Case presentation We present a case of KD with eyelid ptosis and muscle weakness in a 3-year-old boy. At admission, grade IV and grade III muscle strength were recorded for upper and lower limbs, respectively. Diminished patellar tendon reflex was noted. Laboratory evaluation showed hypokalemia with the serum potassium concentration of 2.62 mmol/L. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin were initiated immediately accompanied with methylprednisolone for adjunctive therapy. Potassium supplement was administered at the same time, which resulted in the correction of hypokalemia on the 2nd day of admission but no improvement in ptosis and muscle weakness. Neostigmine testing, lumber puncture, electromyography, and cerebral and full spine MRI were performed, which, however, did not find evidence for neural and muscle diseases. On the 5th day, the fever was resolved. On the 6th day, eyelid ptosis disappeared. And on the 14th day, the muscle strength and muscle tension returned to normal, patellar tendon reflex could be drawn out normally, and the boy regained full ambulatory ability. Conclusions KD might affect the neural and muscular systems, and KD complicated with eyelid ptosis and muscle weakness is responsive to the standard anti-inflammatory treatment plus adjunctive corticosteroid therapy.
Assessment of the Impact of Teaching Demands on Research Productivity Among Doctoral Nursing Program Faculty

This article reports the findings of a study that examined the research and scholarship productivity of doctorally prepared nursing faculty teaching and mentoring doctoral students and the conflicting demands on them to maintain programs of research and scholarship. The specific aims were to (a) examine the research productivity and scholarship of faculty members teaching in doctoral programs and mentoring doctoral students to examine the perceived effectiveness of existing institutional mechanisms to support scholarship, (b) explore institutional features and personal practices used by doctoral program faculty to develop and maintain research and scholarship productivity, and (c) analyze predictors of scholarship productivity. Data were collected via an on-line researcher-developed survey that examined doctoral faculty roles/responsibilities and their relationship to their scholarly productivity, overall research productivity, and institutional features and personal practices to support research/scholarship activities. Survey respondents reported spending a large amount of time engaged in research-related activities with 58.9% (n = 326) spending anywhere from 6 to 20 hours per week conducting research, writing research-based papers, giving presentations, grant writing, or conducting evidence-based improvement projects. Scholar productivity among the respondents was robust. Personal practices that most strongly supported faculty members' scholarship productivity were the belief that engaging in scholarship made them better teachers and the personal gratification in experiencing doctoral students' successes. A multiple regression analysis conducted to determine predictors of productivity indicated that the strongest predictor was the average number of hours spent on research/scholarship-related activities, followed by time bought out from teaching and other responsibilities of the faculty role for research.
Calculation of the bunch lengthening threshold [particle accelerator]

A new analysis of the bunch lengthening instability, based on a single synchrotron mode in a distorted potential well, is presented. The nonlinearity of the wakefield plays a critical role. It distorts the equilibrium density from its Gaussian shape, which results in asymmetric corrections to the Sacherer equation. This modified equation will have unstable eigenmodes when the beam current reaches a threshold value. The calculated threshold agrees very well with our multiparticle simulation for SPEAR parameters. >
Evidence for linkage disequilibrium in chromosome 13-linked Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy (LGMD2C)

Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy (DLMD) is an autosomal recessive Limb Girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD2C) characterized by late age of onset, proximal muscle weakness leading to disability, high creatine kinase values, normal intelligence and normal dystrophin in muscle biopsy. We have shown previously that three DLMD families from Tunisia are linked to chromosome 13q12. To further localize the LGMD2C gene, we have investigated seven additional families (119 individuals). Both genotyping and two-point linkage analysis were performed as described elsewhere. 7 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Immunolocalization of anion exchanger 2α in auditory sensory hair cells

We have previously reported the isolation from a guinea pig organ of Corti cDNA library of a cDNA clone that encodes a novel isoform of the anion exchanger 2 (AE2) protein (Negrini, Rivolta, Kalinec and Kachar, 1995. Cloning of an organ of Corti anion exchanger 2 isoform with a truncated C-terminal domain. Biophys. Acta, 1236, 207-211). The deduced protein, named AE2alpha, has a conserved cytoplasmic domain and a short membrane domain with only two membrane spanning regions, as opposed to the fourteen present in the conventional AE2. Now, we are showing the immunolocalization and preliminary characterization of this protein using an antipeptide antibody specific for this novel AE2 isoform. In Western blots, this antibody binds to an approximately 89 kDa polypeptide that corresponds to a phosphorylated protein with serines as main phosphate acceptor residues. In immunofluorescence experiments, the antibody labels the stereocilia and the lateral wall of the outer hair cells and the stereocilia of the inner hair cells. Our results suggest that AE2alpha is a membrane-cytoskeletal linker in regions of the hair cell, where sensory transduction mechanisms take place.
Natural Resource Economics: The Upsetting Discipline

Personal testimony forms the basis of the argument that we can avoid disaster by changing our economic perceptions of man and his place in the world. The author describes his search for theories to define the role, structure, and behavior of a public landlord and to establish a socially relevant aggregate value on land. He proposes to integrate land economics and conventional economic wisdom by imposing the theories of land economics on conventional economics even though a closed natural resources system is incompatible with expanding economic development. It will be a major undertaking to reverse the historical values and institutions with the idea that a better and happier life need not parallel economic growth. The process of reversal has been started by recent awareness of the environment and resource depletion. 15 references.
Continuous wave radar circuitry testing using OFDM technique

Testing radar circuitry is challenging which requires characterizing system response over a set range of frequencies. In this research, we propose a method that can effectively leverage radar test speed with little design overhead. Currently radar circuitry is tested mainly through the functional test, where step frequency continuous wave (SFCW) technique is primarily adopted. In SFCW, many individual frequency tones must are generated and applied for testing sequentially. This process is time consuming, especially for modern ultra wideband radar systems. In this project, we develop an alternative solution to replace SFCW testing by utilizing OFDM so that multiple frequency tones can be generated for testing simultaneously. To show test results equivalence, simulations are performed to compare both SFCW and OFDM characterization techniques for ground penetrating radar through a simulated ground channel. The simulation results show good agreements.
High specific energy beryllium coils

Cryogenic inductors made of beryllium (Be) have the potential for lower mass compared with aluminum (Al) projected state-of-the-art technology. Beryllium and Al specific stored energy was investigated as a function of conductor resistivity for a given stored energy and coil time constant. One of the initial concerns about the use of Be was that its required resistivity might be so low (and purity so high) as to make its manufacture very expensive. The authors determined what the resistivity had to be so that the mass of a Be coil would equal the mass of an Al coil. The system chosen for investigation was a liquid hydrogen-cooled (20 K) solenoid inductor with a given stored energy and time constant ( tau ). The nominal inductor chosen was one storing 100 MJ of energy, with a tau of 5 s. The coil geometry chosen was a long, thin solenoid that uses a composite reinforcing structure. Producibility of a Be coil is also discussed. >
Chills and thrills: Does radio harm our children? The controversy over program violence during the age of radio

A review of the popular and scientific periodical for the 1930s and 1940s revealed that the controversy surrounding the radio "thriller" and its possible harmful effects on young listeners was one of radio's most highly publicized issues during its golden years of broadcasting. Many of the questions raised concerning this issue were similar to those asked later during the age of television. Relying heavily upon the psychoanalytic emphasis on emotion, catharsis, and intrapsychic dynamics, expert opinion voiced in various popular periodicals and newspapers of the day suggested that the violence and excitement portrayed in many of the crime and adventure programs was harmless, and perhaps beneficial, for most listeners. However, research in support of this conclusion was sparse, and psychologists evidenced little interest in the issue. Not until the advent of television, and the emergence of social learning theory in the early 1960s, did psychologists direct significant research effort towards evaluating the effects of media violence.
Fetal cerebral oxygenation: the role of maternal hyperoxia with supplemental CO2 in sheep

Objective We tested the hypothesis that supplemental CO 2 can enhance the effect of maternal oxygen administration on fetal cerebral oxygenation. Study Design In near-term fetal sheep (n = 6), we instrumented the cerebral cortex with tissue PO 2 -laser Doppler flow probes, and placed arterial catheters. Following a 30-minute control period, the ewe breathed 50% O 2 for 15 minutes, followed by added 6% CO 2 for 15 minutes. We examined fetal cortical tissue PO 2 , cerebral blood flow (CBF), and fetal and maternal blood gases and related variables. Results In response to maternal O 2 administration, fetal arterial PO 2 , O 2 content, cerebral O 2 delivery, and cortical tissue PO 2 increased significantly. In response to supplemental CO 2 inhalation, fetal cortical tissue PO 2 increased further. Fetal CBF also increased in response to the elevated arterial CO 2 level. Conclusion CO 2 supplementation of maternal O 2 administration enhanced fetal cerebral oxygenation. In contrast, it was considered that during labor maternal hyperventilation with hypocapnia may blunt the effect of maternal O 2 inhalation.
Investigation of microwave attenuation measurements in a laboratory-scale rocket motor plume

Introduction Overview T HE use of microwave diagnostics in rocket exhaust studies can allow determination of electron density and provide information concerning communication signal reception and radar signature. The classical presentation of microwave measurement techniques is for use in underdense or low-collision plasmas,' such as rocket exhausts at low back pressures. In contrast, this investigation is concerned with electron density determinations in rockets exhausting at atmospheric pressure. The appropriate use of assumptions is reviewed, and a graphical presentation of index-ofattenuation behavior is provided to supplement the assessment of the experimental results. An experimental investigation using multiple-frequency microwave diagnostics was performed to assess the use of microwave attenuation measurements in laboratory-scale solid-rocket exhaust plumes for ranking propellants according to their production of electrons. The challenges of this work are interpreting measurements in a collisional plasma coupled with the small plume diameter of the laboratory-scale rocket exhaust.
Modulation of rotation-induced lift force for cell filtration in a low aspect ratio microchannel

Cell filtration is a critical step in sample preparation in many bioapplications. Herein, we report on a simple, filter-free, microfluidic platform based on hydrodynamic inertial migration. Our approach builds on the concept of two-stage inertial migration which permits precise prediction of microparticle position within the microchannel. Our design manipulates equilibrium positions of larger microparticles by modulating rotation-induced lift force in a low aspect ratio microchannel. Here, we demonstrate filtration of microparticles with extreme efficiency (>99%). Using multiple prostate cell lines (LNCaP and human prostate epithelial tumor cells), we show filtration from spiked blood, with 3-fold concentration and >83% viability. Results of a proliferation assay show normal cell division and suggest no negative effects on intrinsic properties. Considering the planar low-aspect-ratio structure and predictable focusing, we envision promising applications and easy integration with existing lab-on-a-chip systems.
Delayed Activation of the Mannose Receptor following Synthesis REQUIREMENT FOR EXIT FROM THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

The macrophage mannose receptor specifically recognizes proteins and particles bearing mannose terminal oligosaccharide chains. In the present study, we examined the ability of newly synthesized receptor to bind ligand. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were pulse-labeled with [35S]Met and prepared for affinity chromatography on mannose-Sepharose. Mannose receptor in the flow-through and eluted fractions was detected by fluorography following immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis. Labeled mannose receptor was found exclusively in the nonbinding fraction until 10 min of chase. Following a 60-min chase, 67-86% of newly synthesized receptor was precipitated from the bound column fraction. The half-time for development of receptor binding activity was determined to be 35-40 min compared with a 45-min half-time for development of endoglycosidase H resistance. Mannose receptor synthesized by cells incubated in brefeldin A required more than 120 min to acquire endoglycosidase H resistance and maximal binding activity. Inhibitors of N-linked oligosaccharide processing or of O-glycosylation had no effect on the development of mannose receptor binding activity. Monensin prevented terminal sialylation of oligosaccharide side chains but did not inhibit receptor activation. Inclusion of aluminum fluoride in the chase media reversibly inhibited development of endoglycosidase H resistance and mannose-binding activity. We conclude that the mannose receptor undergoes delayed activation following synthesis and suggest that the activating event(s) occur following exit of the receptor from the endoplasmic reticulum and prior to its entry into the trans-Golgi.
Strabismus – a necessary condition for latent and manifest latent nystagmus

Our previous study of 31 cases of manifest latent nystagmus (MLN) suggested a one-to-one relationship between the occurrence of MLN and the presence of strabismus. This study of three patients with both latent nystagmus (LN) and MLN has elucidated the relationship between strabismus and these two intimately related types of nystagmus. Both LN and MLN have jerk waveforms whose fast phases are in the direction of the fixating eye and whose slow phases are decreasing-velocity exponentials; the nystagmus is simultaneously present in the two eyes. LN and MLN should not be confused with congenital nystagmus which differs in waveform, variability with gaze angle, mechanism, clinical signs and therapy. During binocular viewing, if the two eyes are aligned with normal retinal correspondence, the patient with true LN will have no nystagmus. Only if one of his eyes assumes a tropic position, might MLN develop. Under cover, the development of a phoria is synchronous with the occurrence of LN. Thus, strabismus in the ...
dHvA MEASUREMENTS ON La1-xCexMIn5 WHERE M=Rh, Ir AND Co

Measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in CexLa1-xMIn5 show that x dependence for the three different value of M behaves quite differently. The Ce 4f electrons remain localized and have little interaction for all x in the Rh alloys, but strongly interact with the conduction electrons in both the Ir and Co alloys. Both the dependence on x of the observed frequencies and the effective masses are presented. Preliminary measurements on CeRh1-xIrxIn5 will also be given.
Stimulus Discrimination Learning and Transposition in Bilingual Children

A two-stimulus size-discrimination and transposition task was administered to 120 native Spanish-speaking, bilingual first, second and third grade students from bilingual instruction and English-only instruction classrooms. Half of the Ss learned the task and verbalized stimulus selection responses in Spanish, half in English. Results suggest that these bilingual students learned the initial discrimination task more rapidly when they verbalized in Spanish. English-only classroom students tended to transpose more when they had verbalized selection responses in Spanish, bilingual classroom students transposed more when they had verbalized in English. No significant differences in rate of discrimination task learning were observed between the two instructional programs.
An American Naval Diplomat in Revolutionary Russia: The Life and Times of Vice Admiral Newton A. McCully

This is the story of one of the most fascinating naval officers of the early twentieth century: Newton McCully, America's most competent analyst of revolutionary Russia. As assistant naval attache in Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War (1904), naval attache in Petrograd during World War I (1914-1918), commander of U.S. naval forces in North Russia (1918-1919), and U.S. State Department special agent assigned to the anti-Bolshevik governments of General A. I. Denikin and Baron Peter Wrangel in South Russia (1920), McCully developed understanding of the disintegrating tsarist empire unrivaled in the American bureaucracy. Unlike most of his American and European colleagues, he spoke Russian fluently and developed a deep affection for the Russian people. McCully's observations and recommendations from inside Russia, detailed in this biography, provide an incisive picture of the confusing and rapidly changing events surrounding the collapse of the Russian monarchy. Also explored in the book is McCully's role as a compassionate humanitarian who sought relief for Russian refugees and even brought seven children to the United States to rear as his own rather than allow them to fall into the hands of the Red Army. On a broader scale, the book examines both the wide-ranging functions of a U.S. naval officer of the period and the relationship between the military and civilian establishments and reaches some unexpected conclusions. It is based on extensive research in archival records and private documents including McCully's Russian diaries and family papers. As a whole, this is an engrossing tale full of the adventures and ethical dilemmas that confronted naval officers who ventured toexotic ports-of-call during compelling times.
SO2 concentrations near tall stacks

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate plume dispersion during convective (stability class A) conditions. The purpose of the study was to determine if high concentrations occur near sources (1.2–1.8 km) with tall stacks and to identify the plume behavior during these episodes. The study was conducted at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Paradise Steam Plant. The highest concentrations were measured near the source during wind shear capping conditions, which normally correspond to stability class B or C conditions. The measured data are compared with results obtained using a convective boundary layer model and a steady-state Gaussian model.
The Effect of Phototherapy on Neonatal Vitamin D Metabolism

Phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal jaundice has now been widely accepted. Its effect on Vitamin D metabolism is however unknown. In this study 10 full-term jaundiced babies receiving phototherapy were investigated. Serum 25OHD, 24,25(OH)2D, Ca and P were measured. Samples were taken before the onset of phototherapy, 48 hours after the onset and 24 hours after the finish of phototherapy. The mean weight of the 10 babies was 3.4 kg, mean age of onset of phototherapy 64 hours of age,mean bilirubin level at onset 17.1mg%. The mean duration of phototherapy was 83 hours. Causes of jaundice were G6PD deficiency (1), rhesus incompatibility (1), blood group incompatibility (3), and unknown (5). Infants were nursed naked under the phototherapy light which was provided by seven daylight fluorescent lamps 60 cm above the baby. Babies were fed a cow's milk formula not containing Vit. D. The mean serum 25OHD and serum 24,25(OH)2D before phototherapy were 8.49±6.91 ng/ml and 1.29±2.64 respectively, 48 hours after the onset were 8.72±6.10 and 0.84±1.53 and 24 hours after the finish were 7.51±5.34 and 0.46±0.74 respectively. Mean calcium values before and 24 hours after the finish of phototherapy were 9.36±1.10 mg% and 9.83±0.93 mg%. Likewise mean phosphate values were 6.19±1.58 and 7.35±0.97 mg%. The results of this preliminary study thus suggest that the neonatal jaundiced skin does not convert provitamin D to active Vitamin D in response to phototherapy light (420λ). Neither was hypo or hypercalcaemia observed after phototherapy as has been previously reported.
Factor structure of the CES-D in a sample of Spanish- and English-speaking smokers on the Internet

Research on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale's (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) factor structure is mixed across diverse and international populations that differ from the one on which the scale was developed. This study examined the CES-D's factor structure in a large international sample of English (n = 3827) and Spanish-speaking (n = 13,629) smokers. A two-factor solution grouped into Positive and Negative factors emerged for the full English sample; the same two-factor solution emerged in the depressed English subsample identified with a separate screening instrument. A three-factor solution (Anxious/Somatic, Positive, and Negative) emerged for the full Spanish sample. Unlike the depressed English subsample, a different pattern of three factors (Negative, Positive, and Interpersonal Sensitivity) emerged in the depressed Spanish subsample. The findings in both languages differed from the original “four-factor” solution identified by Radloff (1977); they also suggest that the factor structure varies depending on language and depression status in international samples. The meaning of instruments and depressive symptoms may therefore vary across cultural and linguistic contexts.
Looking forward and back: distress among women at familial risk for breast cancer.

Healthy women with family histories of breast cancer in a first-degree relative (FH+) have been reported to exhibit higher levels of breast cancer-related distress than women without family histories of breast cancer (FH−). Recent data suggest that this may be particularly true for women who had parent die of cancer. In live with theories emphasizing the psychological impacts of past stressors and concerns for the future, the present study examined the hypotheses that past cancer stressors (i.e. maternal breast cancer caregiving and death, “Looking Back”) and perceptions of one’s own heightened future risk for developing the disease (“Looking Forward”) would predict current levels of distress. One hundred forty-eight healthy women (57 FH+, 91 FH−) recruited from large medical centers in the New York City area completed measures of breast cancer-related distress, general psychological distress, and items assessing whether or not they had taken care of their mother with breast cancer or had had their mother die from the disease. Consistent with previous research, results indicated that FH+ women whose mothers had died of breast cancer had significantly higher breast cancer-related distress than either FH+ women whose mothers had not died of breast cancer or FH−women (p<.05). Further analyses revealed that FH+ women who had cared for their mothers with breast cancer had higher cancer-related distress than women who did not (p<.01), and that FH+ women whose experience included both caregiving and the death of their mother from breast cancer had the highest levels of cancer-related distress (p<.01) and depressive symptoms (p<.05). Findings also indicated that FH+ women with heightened perceptions of risk for breast cancer had higher levels of distress, independent of past stressors. These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions for women with family histories of breast cancer might be appropriately focused on these issues.
Development and clinical utility of abiraterone acetate as an androgen synthesis inhibitor.

In April 2011, abiraterone acetate (AA) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after chemotherapy. The development of AA is the direct result of our increased understanding of the intricacies of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway and its natural evolution in prostate cancer cells over the course of treatment. In this paper we review the biology of the AR and how it led to the rational design of AA. We also examine the clinical development of AA, its current use, and questions to be addressed for future development. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2012); 91 1, 101–108. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.275
Engaging Remote Employees: The Moderating Role of Remote Status in Determining Employee Information Security Policy Awareness

Using social cognitive theory as a framework, this study proposes and tests a behavioral model to predict how "remote" status impacts the manner in which social learning cues influence employee awareness of information security policies and ultimately differentiates him or her from in-house employees in terms of information security policy awareness. Based on data acquired from an online sample of 435 fulltime employees across numerous industries and structural equation modeling analysis, the findings suggest that, compared to their in-house counterparts, remote employees experience lower levels of vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and situational support, thereby resulting in diminished levels of information security policy awareness. These findings have strong implications for managers of remote employees and for organizations seeking to reduce the risk associated with an ever-increasing remote workforce. The findings also advance social cognitive theory by incorporating information security policy awareness as an important outcome formed from perceptions of social learning cues external to the individual, but present within the organization.
Temporally specific involvement of cell surface β-1,4 galactosyltransferase during mouse embryo morula compaction

Cell surface beta-1,4 galactosyltransferase (GalTase) is shown to mediate intercellular adhesions between embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells and specifically during late morula compaction in the preimplantation mouse embryo. Monospecific anti-GalTase IgG raised against affinity-purified bovine beta-1,4 GalTase recognizes F9 EC cell GalTase as judged by immunoprecipitation and inhibition of GalTase activity, as well as by immunoprecipitation of a single 52 kd metabolically labeled membrane protein. Anti-GalTase IgG inhibits cell adhesions between EC cells, dissociates compacted mouse morulae, and inhibits blastocyst formation. Anti-GalTase IgG specifically inhibits cell adhesions during late morula compaction, coincident with a peak of surface GalTase activity as determined by direct enzyme assay. On EC cells, GalTase activity can be proteolytically released from intact cells, and is localized by indirect immunofluorescence to areas of intercellular contact, consistent with its proposed role in cell adhesion. Beta-1,4 GalTase is the first cell adhesion molecule identified that participates during late morula compaction, subsequent to uvomorulin function.
Mechanisms of Change in Adolescent Substance Use Treatment: How Does Treatment Work?

ABSTRACT. Background: Adolescent substance use treatment outcome research generally shows small to moderate effects in reducing substance use, with no specific “brand” of treatment emerging as clearly superior to any other, and treatment gains that fade over time. The relatively weak and temporary effects of treatment call for improving the potency and durability of intervention effects. In response to this call, this critical narrative review summarizes research on mechanisms of change for both adults and adolescents in substance use treatment, with a particular focus on reviewing what is known regarding “how” adolescent substance use treatment works. Methods: A comprehensive review of the adolescent (aged 11–18) substance use treatment literature was conducted to identify empirical studies that examined mediators of intervention effects. Relevant databases (e.g., PsychINFO, MEDLINE) were searched using key words (e.g., “mediator”), and relevant articles from reference sections of identified studies and ...
Phase-locked optical divide-by-3 system for visible radiation

An optical divide-by-3 system has been developed to phase lock a diode-pumped Tm:YAG laser at 148??THz (2022??nm) to a frequency near 1/3 that of an ultrastable diode laser system at 445??THz (674??nm). The 148-THz radiation is frequency doubled in angle-tuned AgGaS2 and frequency differenced with the 445-THz radiation in noncritically phase-matched LiNbO3, generating two signals at 297??THz, which are mixed on a photodiode. An electronic servo system is used to control the frequency of the Tm:YAG laser and to phase lock it to the visible diode laser output. Phase-locking periods of several minutes are routinely obtained.
The dangers of conflating technique with ethics: commentary on Arnold Goldberg's "Some limits of the boundary concept".

(2008). The Dangers of Conflating Technique with Ethics: Commentary on Arnold Goldberg’s “Some Limits of the Boundary Concept”. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 907-913.
Effect of Vinylene Carbonate on Graphite Anode Cycling Efficiency

Vinylene Carbonate (VC) was added to the electrolyte in graphite-lithium half-cells. We report its effect on the coulombic efficiency (as capacity shift) of graphite electrodes under various formation cycling conditions. Cyclic voltammetry on glassy carbon showed that VC passivates the electrode against electrolyte reduction. The dQ/dV plots of the first lithiation of the graphite suggest that VC alters the SEI layer, and that by varying the cell formation rate, the initial ratio of ethylene carbonate to VC in the SEI layer can be controlled. VC was found to decrease first cycle efficiency and reversible capacity (in ongoing cycling) when used to excess. However, experiments with VC additive used with various formation rates did not show any decrease in capacity shift.
Holding the Virtual Self Accountable: An Online Educator's Obligation

Student accountability is paramount, says Brett Hicks in a new op-ed. In order for distance education institutions to overcome the stigma of online education, faculty must act as gatekeepers, protecting the integrity of their respective institutions. This defense begins in the classroom. Distance education institutions distinguish themselves in the same manner as traditional institutions of higher learning. They produce educated, student professionals -- even virtual ones
Human development, child well‐being, and the cultural project of development

Development is an ecocultural project in which we try to achieve cultural goals and well-being for ourselves and our children, despite limited resources and social constraints.
School Music Goes Home

This article explores ways for music teachers to influence music making in the home. Often preschool music programs include parents in the music education process, but when children enter school, t...
The interactions of high-energy, highly charged Xe ions with buckyballs

Ionization and fragmentation have been measured for C{sub 60} molecules bombarded by highly charged (up to 35+) xenon ions with energies ranging up to 625 MeV. The observed mass distribution of positively charged fragments is explained in terms of a theoretical model indicating that the total interaction cross section contains roughly equal contributions from (a) excitation of the giant plasmon resonance, and (b) large-energy-transfer processes that lead to multiple fragmentation of the molecule. Preliminary results of measurements on VUV photons emitted in these interactions are also presented.
Intrinsically Safe Systems-Trends in Design and Installation Standards

Intrinsic safety is a mature proven method to achieve a safe installation of electrical apparatus in a location made hazardous by the presence of flammable or combustible materials. Standards for intrinsically safe apparatus are still evolving. Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. Standard 913-1975 and NFPA 493-1975 are the most c?omplete statement of requirements for intrinsically safe apparatus and systems yet published. The forthcoming Instrument Society of America Recommended Practice on installation of intrinsically safe systems will fill a pressing need for an installation guide. The National Electrical Code is also changing to recognize the needs of those in the process industries who use intrinsically safe systems and similar apparatus. Much yet needs to be done to define design constraints and Construction requirements for intrinsically safe apparatus. This work is underway.
Tensor polarizability and dispersive quantum measurement of multilevel atoms

Optimally extracting information from measurements performed on a physical system requires an accurate model of the measurement interaction. Continuously probing the collective spin of an alkali-metal atom cloud via its interaction with an off-resonant optical probe is an important example of such a measurement where realistic modeling at the quantum level is possible using standard techniques from atomic physics. Typically, however, tutorial descriptions of this technique have neglected the multilevel structure of realistic atoms for the sake of simplification. We account for the full multilevel structure of alkali-metal atoms and derive the irreducible form of the polarizability Hamiltonian describing a typical dispersive quantum measurement. For a specific set of parameters, we then show that semiclassical predictions of the theory are consistent with our experimental observations of polarization scattering by a polarized cloud of laser-cooled cesium atoms. We also derive the signal-to-noise ratio under a single-measurement trial and use this to predict the rate of spin squeezing with multilevel alkali-metal atoms for arbitrary detuning of the probe beam.
CRYSTALLINE PEPSIN : VI. INACTIVATION BY BETA AND GAMMA RAYS FROM RADIUM AND BY ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT.

1. The loss in activity of crystalline pepsin solutions when exposed to beta and gamma rays from radium or to ultra-violet light is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in pepsin protein. 2. The rate of inactivation by ultra-violet light depends upon the pH and is a maximum at about pH 2.0.
Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity

Like other cultural variants, tastes in companion animals (pets) can shift rapidly. An analysis of American Kennel Club puppy registrations from 1946 through 2003 (N = 48,598,233 puppy registrations) identified rapid but transient large-scale increases in the popularity of specific dog breeds. Nine breeds of dogs showed particularly pronounced booms and busts in popularity. On average, the increase (boom) phase in these breeds lasted 14 years, during which time annual new registrations increased 3,200%. Equally steep decreases in registrations for the breeds immediately followed these jumps in popularity. The existence of extreme fluctuations in preferences for dog breeds has implications for understanding changes in attitudes toward companion animals, veterinary epidemiology, and canine evolution.
THE DELINQUENCY OF CHILDREN BORN TO YOUNG MOTHERS: RESULTS FROM THE ROCHESTER YOUTH DEVELOPMENT STUDY*

This paper examines the relationship between a mother's age at first childbirth and the delinquent behavior of her children. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), an ongoing longitudinal study of adolescent development, we found that children born to mothers who began childbearing at a young age were more prone to general delinquency, violence, and arrest than were children born to mothers who began childbearing when they were older. This “early first-birth effect” was far larger in white and Hispanic families than in African-American families. Mediating analyses found that the early first-birth effect was most attributable to the unstable composition of families in which early childbearing occurs. That said, a substantial portion of the effect remains unmediated.