cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Styles of inhibiting emotional expression: Distinguishing repressive coping from impression management.

ABSTRACT Although repressors' avoidant coping style seems genuinely defensive, an alternative hypothesis is that repressors are actually distress-prone impression managers who provide “socially desirable” verbal reports. To establish discriminant validity, 30 repressors and 30 self-identified impression managers participated in a timed phrase-completion task. Half of the subjects were encouraged to be emotionally expressive and half to be restrained. Repressors were highly defensive regardless of the social demand, and impression managers only managed to match the repressors' level of distancing during the first segment of the inhibitive condition. Repressors were as physiologically reactive when they made defensive claims as they were when they made more negative disclosures to others. Moreover, when confronted, only the repressors denied that their heart rate elevations might be related to their emotional responses. These findings suggest that repressors' limited emotional expression is more determined by defenses against awareness of affect than by self-presentational concerns.
National Trends of Simple Prostatectomy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia With an Analysis of Risk Factors for Adverse Perioperative Outcomes

Objective To examine the national trends of simple prostatectomy (SP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) focusing on perioperative outcomes and risk factors for complications. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (2002-2012) was utilized to identify patients with BPH undergoing SP. Analysis included demographics, hospital details, associated procedures, and operative approach (open, robotic, or laparoscopic). Outcomes included complications, length of stay, charges, and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for perioperative complications. Linear regression was used to assess the trends in the national annual utilization of SP. Results The study population included 35,171 patients. Median length of stay was 4 days (interquartile range 3-6). Cystolithotomy was performed concurrently in 6041 patients (17%). The overall complication rate was 28%, with bleeding occurring most commonly. In total, 148 (0.4%) patients experienced in-hospital mortality. On multivariate analysis, older age, black race, and overall comorbidity were associated with greater risk of complications while the use of a minimally invasive approach and concurrent cystolithotomy had a decreased risk. Over the study period, the national use of simple prostatectomy decreased, on average, by 145 cases per year ( P = .002). By 2012, 135/2580 procedures (5%) were performed using a minimally invasive approach. Conclusion The nationwide utilization of SP for BPH has decreased. Bleeding complications are common, but perioperative mortality is low. Patients who are older, black race, or have multiple comorbidities are at higher risk of complications. Minimally invasive approaches, which are becoming increasingly utilized, may reduce perioperative morbidity.
PARTICLE VAPORIZATION VELOCIMETRY FOR SOOT-CONTAINING FLOWS

. We characterize a novel imaging technique for velocity measurements in particle laden flows. The technique, Particle Vaporization Velocimetry (PVV), is a form of flow tagging based on laser vaporization of absorbing particles at defined locations in the flow. The locations of these tagged regions are then interrogated after a known delay to determine the convective velocity. Results are presented for vaporization of carbonaceous particles in a heated, nonreacting gas jet and a hydrocarbon-air diffusion flame. While the flame produces its own carbon particles (soot), the nonreacting gas get is seeded with submicron-sized, carbon black particles. Interrogation is provided by either elastic scattering or laser-induced incandescence from the soot. The results are similar for the two very different flows, indicating that the PVV technique should be applicable to a wide range of environments. The laser fluence required to produce the tagged region for soot is on the order of the threshold fluence required for laser-induced incandescence measurements, though with a somewhat lower value for scattering detection. The tag lifetime for the current systems exceeds 10 ms, and should be limited only by turbulent mixing in practical flows.
Enhanced detection of the coral Acropora cervicornis from satellite imagery using a textural operator

The strength of a texture-based classification lies in the fact that it detects spatial patterning as a function of spectral variation within a particular facies class, as opposed to spectral consistency which drives standard probability-driven image classifiers. Following this premise, the Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation metric was proven to return values which differed significantly for areas characterised by dense interlocking thickets of the coral Acropora cervicornis versus areas populated by a sparse mixed coral assemblage dominated by Montastrea annularis. The different behaviour of the metric was sufficient to facilitate spatial discrimination of the two assemblages using a supervised classifier with accuracies that surpass the level of prediction offered by standard spectral-based methods. Discrimination was optimum when autocorrelation was evaluated within a moving window with side-lengths ranging between circa. 30–70 m. The discrimination ability is postulated to be linked to intrinsic differences in the spatial-patterning of the two assemblages at scales of tens of metres. The observed patterning can be further related to the growth form and architecture of the differing coral assemblages. The study demonstrates the potential of using kernel-based autocorrelation metrics in unison with satellite data and offers a pertinent tool for monitoring ecologically important coral assemblages that are statistically indistinct using traditional spectral methods. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Understanding RRC state dynamics through client measurements with mobilyzer

Understanding how network and application behavior patterns impact client performance on mobile devices is a difficult yet important problem to solve. Often, we are most interested in the performance experienced by end users, but accurately and effectively measuring performance on uncontrolled mobile devices in the wild continues to be a challenging problem. In this paper, we have developed a tool to allow us to more accurately characterize RRC states using client-based measurements. To do so, we have made use of and contributed to an open-source framework called Mobilyzer, which facilitates collecting complex network measurements on client devices without impacting the user. We have deployed our tool on unmodified devices in 23 countries worldwide to directly measure the impact of RRC state machine configurations on individual packets and network protocols. Demonstrating the value of client-based measurements, our large-scale measurement study allowed us to uncover previously unknown performance problems that can increase network latency by several seconds and increase packet losses by an order of magnitude.
Apparent digestibility of Asian carp‐ and common carp‐derived fish meals in feeds for hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis ♀ × M. chrysops ♂ and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients (crude protein, amino acids, crude lipid, fatty acids, and minerals) were determined for fish meals derived from menhaden, Asian carp (combination of silver and bighead carps), and common carp in feeds for hybrid striped bass and rainbow trout. Extruded test diets were formulated to contain a 70 : 30 mixture of reference diet and test ingredient with yttrium oxide (1 g kg−1) serving as the inert marker. Diets were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks and fish were fed once per day at 2% body weight. Fecal samples were collected by manual stripping. The ADCs were calculated according to standard procedures. The composition and digestibility of Asian carp and common carp meals was broadly similar to menhaden meal. Protein digestibility ranged from 86.5% (Asian carp meal) to 93.1% (common carp meal). Lipid was highly digestible with ADCs >100% for all ingredients. Although the Asian carp meal was less digestible than the other two fish meals, it was still a highly digestible ingredient. Our data suggest that fish meals derived from Asian or common carp would be valuable feedstuffs in diets for hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and possibly other cultured fishes.
Quantitative ultrasound measurements and vitamin D status in the assessment of hip fracture risk in a nationally representative population sample

Summary Adjusted for age, gender, height and weight, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) proved to be significant predictors of hip fracture among subjects aged ≥50 years. Even if their contribution to the predictive power was modest, they may be useful in the assessment of hip fracture risk in the elderly.
Better Access to Information about Clinical Trials

Access to information about clinical trials is important to researchers, health care professionals, and patients. Many have argued for the establishment of clinical trials registries, citing their substantial benefits. Although some registries do exist, it has been difficult to create comprehensive, easily accessible systems. This paper briefly reviews existing registries, discusses the challenges in building registries, and reviews some of their benefits. The paper concludes with a description of a new, extensive Web-based registry called ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials. gov/), which was developed at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by the National Library of Medicine as a result of recent legislation calling for a comprehensive, publicly accessible registry of clinical trials. The first version of the system became available in late February 2000 and contains information about approximately 5000 trials. The first release contains primarily NIH-sponsored trials, and new trials are regularly added to the system. Subsequent versions will contain information about trials sponsored by other federal agencies and by the private sector. The system was developed in accordance with basic informatics principles, including adherence to standards, usability considerations, and iterative testing and evaluation.
Biopsy of a complicated right atrial mass using CARTO 3‐dimensional electro‐anatomic mapping

We report the successful biopsy of a right atrial fatty mass using CARTO 3-dimensional electro-anatomic mapping fused with cardiac MRI. Fluoroscopic guidance within the cardiac chambers lacks precision and therefore risks geographical miss of the intended target and cardiac perforation. CARTO mapping fused with cardiac MRI facilitated precise navigation of the bioptome thereby ensuring a successful biopsy of the intended tissue while minimizing the risks of inadvertent trauma to adjacent tissue. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenges and solutions for screen reader/I.T. interoperability

The combination of Assistive Technology (AT) and Information Technology (IT) sometimes delivers a flawed end user experience. This is particularly disappointing to technologically savvy users who expect a seamless IT integration experience. The author draws from his experience as both AT and IT practitioner to present his view of the interoperability challenge within the screen reading problem domain.
Reengineering with enterprise analyzer

A flexible set of electronic meeting systems (EMS) tools and methodologies which have the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of cross-functional teams involved in business process redesign was developed. Collectively, this set of tools and methodologies, and the supporting automated infrastructure, are referred to as enterprise analyzer (EA). The literature on reengineering is reviewed, and the role of EMS technology in providing support to business process redesign is discussed. The EA architecture and methodology are described. Past and ongoing reengineering applications are identified. A framework for future research is proposed. >
FPGA Implementation of an 8-bit Simple Processor

Since its "birth" in 1971, embedded microprocessor has been widely used as a tool for technological innovations and cost reduction. Its speed and programmability are the main characteristics determining its performance. Therefore, for a design to be competitive, its processor has to fit the following characteristics: relatively inexpensive, flexible, adaptable, fast, and reconfigurable. A solution to this is the use of Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) as design tool. This paper describes the realization of an 8-bit FPGA based simple processor. Our system was implemented on the Xilinx Spartan 3 xc3s200FT256 using ISE foundation 8.1 and VHDL. 132 (6%) of the slices, 351 Bels were used. A maximum frequency of 95.364 MHz was reached with a minimum period of 10.486 ns.
Parental Attendance and Brood Success in American Oystercatchers in South Carolina

Abstract. Research on breeding American Oystercatchers has focused on identifying factors that affect reproductive success but little attention has been paid to parent behavior during chick-rearing. Parental attendance of American Oystercatchers was measured in Bulls Bay and along the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (Waterway) within the Cape Romain Region, South Carolina, USA, during 2006. Parental attendance rates averaged 90.9% in Bulls Bay and 81.4% along the Waterway. Daily survival of chicks was higher in Bulls Bay (0.989 ± 0.007) compared to the Waterway (0.966 ± 0.012). The extent of shellfish reefs (i.e. foraging areas) adjacent to nest sites was greater in Bulls Bay (5,633 ± 658 m2) compared to the Waterway (3,273 ± 850 m2). Mean parental attendance in Bulls Bay was higher for successful broods (90.5%) compared to failed broods (79.8%). In contrast, mean parental attendance along the Waterway was higher for failed broods (93.4%) compared to successful broods (67.5%). Less extensive shellfish reef...
Governance and uncertainty: the trade-off between administrative control and commitment

This study elaborates upon the motives for initiating equity-based collaborations vs. acquisition of another firm already having a desired technology. We characterize both minority direct investments and joint ventures as options to defer either internal development or acquisition of a target firm. In domains where learning about growth opportunities dominates investment activity, this incremental mode of governance economizes on the cost of committing resources to a technology with an uncertain value. Using a sample of 402 transactions in the biotechnology industry, we find strong support for the theoretical model. The findings suggest that the cost of commitment in the face of technological uncertainty may offset the administrative benefits of hierarchical governance. ? 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Teen-Addiction Severity Index: Rationale and Reliability

There is an urgent need for a reliable method of evaluating the severity of adolescent chemical abuse and problems related to chemical abuse. The lack of an appropriate rating scale to fill this ob...
Britain, Europe and the United States: change and continuity

A useful analytic distinction between structural and policy differences was made by Henry Kissinger; the former must be accommodated while the latter may be resolved. There is no shortage of tensions and disagreements between the United States and the nations of Europe. Likewise, the bilateral alliance between Britain and the US has been defined in part by disagreements. Even during the Second World War, when the relationship was redefined in modern terms, there were strong conflicts despite the extraordinary incentives for cooperation. From the start, a key strength of the Anglo-American alliance was emphasis on institutional structures for the long term, viewed as a complement to the essential immediate cooperation in fighting and ultimately defeating the Axis powers. The insight of Jean Monnet and others in employing economic tools for political and diplomatic ends has proven essential. The fortieth anniversary of Britain's entry into the European Community is a useful benchmark for retrospective analysis. For the US, the twin commitments of an active international role and unification of Europe around economic matters has been remarkably consistent. As John Mearsheimer has argued, the end of the Cold War removed fundamental incentives for cooperation. Nonetheless, institutional structures of both the EU and NATO have survived. Britain traditionally has been reluctant to engage in continuous institutional engagement with Europe, beyond the requirements of military alliances helpful or essential to national security. The lengthy uneven character of the road to membership in Europe's economic institutions reflects this fundamental attitude. Currently, Britain's ambiguous role of participation in European institutions but not in the euro may in fact facilitate transatlantic cooperation, and illustrates the usefulness of Kissinger's point. The fading of militarism in Europe since 1945 is a fundamental accomplishment, often overlooked in contemporary economic debate.
Integration of 3-dimensional scar models from SPECT to guide ventricular tachycardia ablation

The integration of myocardial scar models in 3-dimensional (3D) mapping systems may provide a novel way of helping to guide ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablations. This study assessed the value of 201Tl SPECT perfusion imaging to define ventricular myocardial scar areas and to characterize electrophysiology voltage-derived myocardial substrate categories of scar, border zone (BZ), and normal myocardium regions. Scar and BZ regions have been implicated in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias. Methods: Ten patients scheduled for VT ablation underwent 201Tl SPECT before the ablation procedure. 3D left ventricular (LV) scar models were created from the SPECT images. These scar models were registered with the LV voltage maps and analyzed with a 17-segment cardiac model. Scar location and scar burden were compared between the SPECT scar models and voltage maps. In addition, 201Tl SPECT uptake was quantified using a 68-segment cardiac model and compared among voltage-defined scar, BZ, and normal segments. Results: 3D models of LV myocardium and scar were successfully created from 201Tl SPECT images and integrated in a clinical mapping system. The surface registration error with the electrophysiology voltage map was 4.4 ± 1.0 mm. The 3D scar location from SPECT matched in 72% of the segments with the voltage map findings. All successful ablation sites were located within the SPECT-defined scar or within 1 cm of its border, with 73% of the successful ablation sites within 1 cm of the scar border. Voltage measurements in SPECT-defined scar and normal areas were 1.2 ± 1.7 and 3.4 ± 2.8 mV, respectively (P
Discreteness of spectrum and positivity criteria for Schrödinger operators

We provide a class of necessary and sufficient conditions for the discreteness of spectrum of Schrodinger operators with scalar potentials which are semibounded below. The classical discreteness of spectrum criterion by A. M. Molchanov (1953) uses a notion of negligible set in a cube as a set whose Wiener capacity is less than a small constant times the capacity of the cube. We prove that this constant can be taken arbitrarily between 0 and 1. This solves a problem formulated by I. M. Gelfand in 1953. Moreover, we extend the notion of negligibility by allowing the constant to depend on the size of the cube. We give a complete description of all negligibility conditions of this kind. The a priori equivalence of our conditions involving different negligibility classes is a nontrivial property of the capacity. We also establish similar strict positivity criteria for the Schrodinger operators with nonnegative potentials.
An Analysis of Polygenes Affecting Wing Shape on Chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster

Loci on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster that affect an index of wing shape were mapped, using recombinant isogenic lines, with transposable elements as markers. Many genes with small subequal effects are dispersed along the whole chromosome. Their alleles act nearly additively in heterozygotes. They have small correlated effects on leg shape, but no detectable effects on halteres. Small negative net interactions occur over most of the chromosome. The data set of 519 recombinant isogenic lines can be explained reasonably well by two models. One model posits an indefinitely large number of loci with no interactions. The other model posits 11 loci with additive effects whose sum equals the total phenotypic range and with large positive and negative interactions that nearly cancel each other.
An Analytical Redundancy-Based Fault Detection and Isolation Algorithm for a Road-Wheel Control Subsystem in a Steer-By-Wire System

This paper presents a novel observer-based analytical redundancy for a steer-by-wire (SBW) system. An analytical redundancy methodology was utilized to reduce the total number of redundant road-wheel angle (RWA) sensors in a triply redundant RWA-based SBW system while maintaining a high level of reliability. A full-state observer was designed using the combined model of the vehicle and SBW system to estimate the vehicle-body sideslip angle. The steering angle was then estimated from the observed and measured states of the vehicle (body sideslip angle and yaw rate) as well as the current input to the SBW electric motor(s). A fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm was developed using a majority voting scheme, which was then used to detect faulty sensor(s) to maintain safe drivability. The proposed analytical redundancy-based FDI algorithms and the linearized vehicle model were modeled in SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the proposed analytical redundancy-based FDI algorithm provides the same level of fault tolerance as in an SBW system with full hardware redundancy against single-point failures.
Hybrid curation of gene–mutation relations combining automated extraction and crowdsourcing

Background: This article describes capture of biological information using a hybrid approach that combines natural language processing to extract biological entities and crowdsourcing with annotators recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to judge correctness of candidate biological relations. These techniques were applied to extract gene– mutation relations from biomedical abstracts with the goal of supporting production scale capture of gene–mutation–disease findings as an open source resource for personalized medicine. Results: The hybrid system could be configured to provide good performance for gene–mutation extraction (precision � 82%; recall � 70% against an expert-generated gold standard) at a cost of $0.76 per abstract. This demonstrates that crowd labor platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk can be used to recruit quality annotators, even in an application requiring subject matter expertise; aggregated Turker judgments for gene–mutation relations exceeded 90% accuracy. Over half of the precision errors were due to mismatches against the gold standard hidden from annotator view (e.g. incorrect EntrezGene identifier or incorrect mutation position extracted), or incomplete task instructions (e.g. the need to exclude nonhuman mutations). Conclusions: The hybrid curation model provides a readily scalable cost-effective approach to
Towards a secure and efficient system for end-to-end provenance

Work on the End-to-End Provenance System (EEPS) began in the late summer of 2009. The EEPS effort seeks to explore the three central questions in provenance systems: (1) "Where and how do I design secure host-level provenance collecting instruments (called provenance monitors)?"; (2) "How do I extend completeness and accuracy guarantees to distributed systems and computations?"; and (3) "What are the costs associated with provenance collection?" This position paper discusses our initial exploration into these issues and posits several challenges to the realization of the EEPS vision.
Famos 4 Wind a New Method for the Fatigue Monitoring of Wind Energy Plants

Abstract Modern state-of-the-art fatigue monitoring approaches gain in importance in the context of renewables such as wind power plants. Fatigue is of utmost importance in terms of potential damage mechanisms and in the perspective of scheduled plant lifetime periods of 20 years. A qualified fatigue monitoring approach considering the real loads provides - the best possible knowledge of the state of the plant (protection of investment) - the basis for long term operation projects and - the basis for a load ranking within a wind park in case of partial load operation. It is the aim to ensure a constant damage accumulation across the wind park. AREVA disposes of a long tradition in the development of fatigue and structural health monitoring solutions. The methodology established for power plant applications is transferred to mechanical loading conditions of components of wind energy plants. The core challenge is the identification and qualified processing of realistic load-time histories. The related methodological requirements will be explained in detail. In terms of components of wind energy plants the wind loads are producing inner structural loads (forces and moments). Hence, the main target is gaining knowledge about the histories of these inner load series. The approach is based on a modern standard acceleration measurement at specific positions on the wind turbine tower. The fatigue monitoring process is as follows: 1. Measurement of the tower acceleration with modern acceleration measurement equipment; 2. Evaluation of displacement histories based on the acceleration measurements using double integration functions; 3. Calculation of internal loads histories based on the equation of motion and the knowledge of towers stiffness; 4. Scaling and superposition of elementary stress responses for getting component stress histories and 5. Evaluation of fatigue accumulation based on stress histories and the Palmgren-Miner rule.
A natural law right to religious freedom - a reformed perspective : IIRF reports

This article presents a Protestant defense of a natural law right to religious freedom, properly understood. Though arguing from the classic natural law text, Romans 1:18-32, that human persons have no ultimate natural law right to religious freedom before God, this article finds strong support in the account of God's covenant with Noah in Genesis 8:20-9:17 that human persons do have a penultimate natural law right to religious freedom before fellow human beings, a blessing granted by God.
Distinct roles of autophagy-dependent and -independent functions of FIP200 revealed by generation and analysis of a mutant knock-in mouse model

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process controlled through a set of essential autophagy genes (Atgs). However, there is increasing evidence that most, if not all, Atgs also possess functions independent of their requirement in canonical autophagy, making it difficult to distinguish the contributions of autophagy-dependent or -independent functions of a particular Atg to various biological processes. To distinguish these functions for FIP200 (FAK family-interacting protein of 200 kDa), an Atg in autophagy induction, we examined FIP200 interaction with its autophagy partner, Atg13. We found that residues 582-585 (LQFL) in FIP200 are required for interaction with Atg13, and mutation of these residues to AAAA (designated the FIP200-4A mutant) abolished its canonical autophagy function in vitro. Furthermore, we created a FIP200-4A mutant knock-in mouse model and found that specifically blocking FIP200 interaction with Atg13 abolishes autophagy in vivo, providing direct support for the essential role of the ULK1/Atg13/FIP200/Atg101 complex in the process beyond previous studies relying on the complete knockout of individual components. Analysis of the new mouse model showed that nonautophagic functions of FIP200 are sufficient to fully support embryogenesis by maintaining a protective role in TNFα-induced apoptosis. However, FIP200-mediated canonical autophagy is required to support neonatal survival and tumor cell growth. These studies provide the first genetic evidence linking an Atg's autophagy and nonautophagic functions to different biological processes in vivo.
Alternatives to classical randomized trials

One of the most important advances in modern experimental therapeutics is the development and widespread use of clinical trials to evaluate the benefit of therapy. The term “clinical trial” refers to a prospective clinical investigation in which the clinical investigator has control of the assignment of the therapy to the patient. A clinical trial can be contrasted with an observational study where one undertakes a retrospective record review in an attempt to determine the benefit of therapy which has been administered to patients. In general, the use of observational studies to establish the value of therapies is not reliable.
Patient Education and Support During CKD Transitions: When the Possible Becomes Probable

Patients transitioning from kidney disease to kidney failure require comprehensive patient-centered education and support. Efforts to prepare patients for this transition often fail to meet patients' needs due to uncertainty about which patients will progress to kidney failure, nonindividualized patient education programs, inadequate psychosocial support, or lack of assistance to guide patients through complex treatment plans. Resources are available to help overcome barriers to providing optimal care during this time, including prognostic tools, educational lesson plans, decision aids, communication skills training, peer support, and patient navigation programs. New models are being studied to comprehensively address patients' needs and improve the lives of kidney patients during this high-risk time.
Chemokines and Graft-versus-host Disease

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative therapy for many hematologic disorders, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the major barrier to successful outcomes. GVHD develops within a proinflammatory environment, and a variety of cell types contribute to the induction and progression of disease. Experimental and clinical data suggest that chemokines and their receptors play integral roles in GVHD by orchestrating leukocyte migration to target organs and modulating effector cell activation and differentiation. Additionally, recent work suggests that specific chemokine ligands may act as biomarkers during an evolving alloimmune response. This chapter will provide an overview on chemokine biology with particular focus on laboratory and clinical observations highlighting specific roles for these molecules in GVHD following allogeneic HCT. Insights provided in this chapter are designed to illuminate the function of chemokine ligands and receptors in the biology of GVHD while attempting to preserve the beneficial graft-versus-tumor activity associated with allogeneic HCT. It is hoped that insights provided may illuminate how chemokine receptor:ligand interactions can be exploited to reduce deleterious effects from GVHD, preserve beneficial graft-versus-tumor activity, and optimize the therapeutic potential of allogeneic HCT.
Chemical and Conformational Diversity of Modified Nucleosides Affects tRNA Structure and Function

RNAs are central to all gene expression through the control of protein synthesis. Four major nucleosides, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine and uridine, compose RNAs and provide sequence variation, but are limited in contributions to structural variation as well as distinct chemical properties. The ability of RNAs to play multiple roles in cellular metabolism is made possible by extensive variation in length, conformational dynamics, and the over 100 post-transcriptional modifications. There are several reviews of the biochemical pathways leading to RNA modification, but the physicochemical nature of modified nucleosides and how they facilitate RNA function is of keen interest, particularly with regard to the contributions of modified nucleosides. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the most extensively modified RNAs. The diversity of modifications provide versatility to the chemical and structural environments. The added chemistry, conformation and dynamics of modified nucleosides occurring at the termini of stems in tRNA’s cloverleaf secondary structure affect the global three-dimensional conformation, produce unique recognition determinants for macromolecules to recognize tRNAs, and affect the accurate and efficient decoding ability of tRNAs. This review will discuss the impact of specific chemical moieties on the structure, stability, electrochemical properties, and function of tRNAs.
Analysis of Septin Reorganization at Cytokinesis Using Polarized Fluorescence Microscopy.

Septins are conserved filament-forming proteins that act in diverse cellular processes. They closely associate with membranes and, in some systems, components of the cytoskeleton. It is not well understood how filaments assemble into higher-order structures in vivo or how they are remodeled throughout the cell cycle. In the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, septins are found through most of the cell cycle in an hourglass organization at the mother-bud neck until cytokinesis when the collar splits into two rings that disassemble prior to the next cell cycle. Experiments using polarized fluorescence microscopy have suggested that septins are arranged in ordered, paired filaments in the hourglass and undergo a coordinated 90° reorientation during splitting at cytokinesis. This apparent reorganization could be due to two orthogonal populations of filaments disassembling and reassembling or being preferentially retained at cytokinesis. In support of this idea, we report a decrease in septin concentration at the mother-bud neck during cytokinesis consistent with other reports and the timing of the decrease depends on known septin regulators including the Gin4 kinase. We took a candidate-based approach to examine what factors control reorientation during splitting and used polarized fluorescence microscopy to screen mutant yeast strains deficient in septin interacting proteins. Using this method, we have linked known septin regulators to different aspects of the assembly, stability, and reorganization of septin assemblies. The data support that ring splitting requires Gin4 activity and an anillin-like protein Bud4, and normal accumulation of septins at the ring requires phosphorylation of Shs1. We find distinct regulatory requirements for septin organization in the hourglass compared to split rings. We propose that septin subpopulations can vary in their localization and assembly/disassembly behavior in a cell-cycle dependent manner at cytokinesis.
Combined Efficacy of Adrenal Vein Sampling and Imaging Findings in Predicting Clinical Outcomes Following Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism

The objective of this study was to investigate the combined efficacy of adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and imaging findings in predicting successful clinical outcomes following unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA). A retrospective chart review of 137 patients who underwent AVS between 2009 and 2014 at two hospitals in a single academic institution was performed. Preprocedure demographic, imaging, medication, and laboratory values were reviewed. In general, patients were considered for adrenalectomy when lateralization was suggested on AVS. Clinical outcomes such as improved blood pressure control and preserved renal function after adrenalectomy were correlated with preprocedure variables. AVS was technically successful in 120 out of 137 patients. Lateralization was seen in 64 patients and 48 out of 64 patients underwent adrenalectomy. Out of 48, 43 patients had an adrenal nodule on preoperative imaging, while 5 did not. 28 patients showed improvement in blood pressure after adrenalectomy, all of which had a nodule on imaging. Of the 28 patients, 22 also showed preservation of renal function. None of the remaining 5 (out of 48) patients who demonstrated lateralization on AVS and had no nodule on imaging showed clinical improvement following adrenalectomy. The presence of an adrenal nodule on preoperative imaging was also associated with improved blood pressure control (p = 0.022) and preserved renal function (p = 0.048) following adrenalectomy. Improved blood pressure control and preserved renal function in patients with PA who underwent adrenalectomy following lateralization on AVS are associated with the identification of an adrenal nodule on preoperative imaging.
Magnetic growth modulation in orthopaedic and spine surgery.

Abstract Purpose To examine distraction-based methods for treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS), focusing on the magnetically controlled growing rod system (MCGR) relative to traditional growing rod system (TGR). To briefly discuss internal magnetically controlled nails for bone lengthening as another application of magnetic growth modulation. Results Relative to TGR, MCGR involves fewer complications related to infection and general anesthesia because of fewer successive surgeries required. Further, MCGR accounts for better psychosocial patient outcome and potentially a lower long-term cost, mainly because of shortened periods of hospitalization. Intramedullary lengthening nails involve fewer complications compared to internal limb lengthening devices related to infections, nerve damage, shortening, improper healing, stiffness, and scarring. Intramedullary lengthening nails appear to alleviate psychosocial burden of patients especially when compared to external fixators. Conclusions Although the current gold standard for treating some types of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is the traditional growing rod system, the magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) system is an alternative method for treating EOS. MCGR is promising in that it involves less surgical procedures, shorter hospital stays, and lower long-term cost relative to TGR. Similarly, the use of magnetically controlled intramedullary lengthening nails is a promising alternative to the Ilizarov method for limb lengthening.
The clinical relevance of basic science: a surgeon's perspective.

Pediatric urology has come a long way since 1970 when I began my career at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. For the first twenty years, efforts were focused on establishing the clinical subspecialty, gaining the respect first of the Pediatric Surgical discipline followed by our urology colleagues. Our Clinical Fellowship Program began in 1976, and we have seeded 25 outstanding products of the division across the country; all but two in academic centers. Although many of our fellows have made significant research contributions, it was apparent that the “new generation” of pediatric urologists should have a solid background in the basic sciences. This credibility will afford them a more effective edge as they move into a major research university so they may better focus a meaningful research enterprise. Our pediatric urology subspecialty must expand the third leg of the tripod: that is, success in basic sciences research - to complement the other two legs - education and clinical practice.
Hume’s Critique of the Rationalists

Thus far we have been considering Hume’s answer to the question “whether tis by means of our ideas or impressions we distinguish between vice and virtue, and pronounce an action blameable or praiseworthy?” (456) And Hume’s answer is that moral distinctions are not derived from reason. Thus, in the Treatise of Morals we are studying impressions and not ideas. Now the conclusion of my examination of Hume’s arguments to establish this point was that Hume did not successfully defend his position. Further, I pointed out that the fundamental argument in Hume’s ethics rested on certain basic misconceptions about the uses of reason and the types of reasons we seek when we are concerned with making moral decisions and justifying them. We saw that Hume had an unduly narrow conception of reason when he restricted it solely to the means-end type of justification. Secondly, we saw that he further failed to distinguish exciting or explanatory reasons from justifying reasons, collapsing both into the former. The failure to make this distinction gave rise to Hume’s incorrect conception of motives as causes of actions and as the sole objects of praise or blame. The only reason why an agent has an obligation to do a certain act is because he has a motive to do actions of that sort. And this is, I tried to show, a fundamental misconception in Hume’s Treatise of Morals and underlies his argument for the conclusion that we are dealing with impressions and not ideas in the study of morality, i.e., that it is not by reason that we know an act to be right or wrong, but rather by an impression or feeling.
No existen mapas para estos territorios: Rubén Martín (Díaz) y la topografía estética de la poesía española reciente

Partiendo de la premisa que el mundo poetico espanol actual no es un espacio discursivo neutro abierto a toda aproximacion textual este estudio traza las estrategias esteticas de dos poetas espanoles contemporaneos cuyos nombres similares—Ruben Martin Diaz (1980) y Ruben Martin (1980)—nos obligan a ir mas alla de la firma literaria y adentrarnos en las propuestas de escritura que caracterizan su quehacer poetico. Aunque la obra de cada poeta establece un dialogo sugerente con muchos de los mismos conceptos—la mirada, el mundo natural, el yo y el lenguaje—su modo de concebir estos conceptos y su interaccion compleja es diferente. En el caso de cada poeta se estudian textos ecfrasticos al lado de otros textos que, juntos, ofrecen una vision de la actitud de cada propuesta de escritura hacia el mundo fragmentado en el que vivimos. Esta exploracion nos provee una imagen mas clara de las posibilidades esteticas de la poesia espanola actual y su relacion con la tradicion literaria espanola. Aunque este trabajo solo se enfoca en la obra de estos dos poetas tambien busca situar su obra en el contexto mas amplio de la poesia espanola actual.
Mitigating the effects of antenna-to-antenna variation on redundant-baseline calibration for 21 cm cosmology

The separation of cosmological signal from astrophysical foregrounds is a fundamental challenge for any effort to probe the evolution of neutral hydrogen during the Cosmic Dawn and epoch of reionization (EoR) using the 21 cm hyperfine transition. Foreground separation is made possible by their intrinsic spectral smoothness, making them distinguishable from spectrally complex cosmological signal even though they are ~5 orders of magnitude brighter. Precisely calibrated radio interferometers are essential to maintaining the smoothness and thus separability of the foregrounds. One powerful calibration strategy is to use redundant measurements between pairs of antennas with the same physical separation in order to solve for each antenna's spectral response without reference to a sky model. This strategy is being employed by the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), a large radio telescope in South Africa that is now observing while being built out to 350 14-m dishes. However, the deviations from perfect redundancy inherent in any real radio telescope complicate the calibration problem. Using simulations of HERA, we show how calibration with antenna-to-antenna variations in dish construction and placement generally lead to spectral structure in otherwise smooth foregrounds that significantly reduces the number of cosmological modes available to a 21 cm measurement. However, we also show that this effect can be largely eliminated by a modified redundant-baseline calibration strategy that relies predominantly on short baselines.
Hybrid Toroidal Modes in Planar Core-Shell Metamaterial Structures

Magnetic toroidal multipoles in 3D and planar resonators have been recently investigated for their unconventional characteristics and potential applications. We report on investigation of hybridized supertoroidal modes at terahertz frequencies in planar core shell structures along with their dependence on geometrical parameters.
Lateral resistance of strapped wood shear walls

ABSTRACTThis paper summarizes the results of 15 tests from a study on the effects of different types of straps on the lateral resistance of wood shear walls without openings. The stud walls were bu...
Dietary Meat Categories and Descriptions in Chronic Disease Research Are Substantively Different within and between Experimental and Observational Studies: A Systematic Review and Landscape Analysis.

This systematic review and landscape analysis describes patterns in dietary meat (skeletal muscle and associated tissues from mammalian, avian, and aquatic species; i.e., muscle foods) categories (CAT) and descriptions (DESCR) used throughout nutrition-related chronic disease literature, as there is anecdotally noted variation. A total of 1020 CAT and 776 DESCR were identified from 369 articles that assessed muscle food consumption and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, or cancer in adults ≥19 y from PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL up to March 2018. Specificity of CAT was analyzed on an empirical 1-7 ordinal scale as: 1) broad/undescriptive, "fish"; 2) muscle food type, "red meat"; 3) species, "poultry"; 4) broad + 1 descriptor, "processed meat"; 5) type/species + 1 descriptor, "fresh red meat"; 6) broad/type + 2 descriptors, "poached lean fish"; and 7) specific product, "luncheon meat." Median CAT specificity for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OBSs) was 3 and 2 points out of 7, respectively, with no differences between chronic disease types. Specificity of OBS CAT was higher in recent articles but RCT CAT became less specific starting in the 2000s. RCT CAT were 400% more likely to include species, 500% more likely to include leanness, but 400% less likely to include processing degree compared with OBS CAT. A DESCR was included for 76% and 82% of OBS and RCT CAT, respectively. Researchers described processed meat, red meat, and total meat CAT more commonly than poultry or fish CAT. Among processed meat DESCR, 31% included a common term used in public regulatory definitions. In conclusion, muscle food categories and descriptions are substantively different within and between experimental and observational studies and do not match regulatory definitions. A practical muscle food classification system is warranted to improve interpretation of evidence regarding muscle food consumption and chronic disease.
High temperature and fire behavior of hydrothermally modified wood impregnated with carbon nanomaterials.

Abstract Wood is one of the most widely used construction materials but it is thermally degradable and combustible, which poses serious safety concerns. In this research, the high temperature and fire behavior of hydrothermally modified western hemlock, impregnated with carbon nanomaterials pre-adsorbed with alkali lignin, was examined by cone calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrothermal treatment made the wood less hydrophilic, allowing the formation of a dense protective layer of carbon-rich additives on the external wood surface at low loading (5 wt%) after aqueous-phase vacuum impregnation. Results revealed that the unique combination of these two processes reduced the total heat release by up to 32%, diminished flame spread by 31%, decreased the average carbon dioxide yield by 12%, lowered the total mass loss by 10%, and significantly slowed the pyrolytic reactions of wood. This research has important implications for the development of valued-added wood products with superior fire safety from relatively low cost timbers, such as western hemlock.