cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arterial Baroreceptors Sense Blood Pressure through Decorated Aortic Claws

Mechanosensory neurons across physiological systems sense force using diverse terminal morphologies. Arterial baroreceptors are sensory neurons that monitor blood pressure for real-time stabilization of cardiovascular output. Various aortic sensory terminals have been described, but those that sense blood pressure are unclear because of a lack of selective genetic tools. Here, we find that all baroreceptor neurons are marked in Piezo2-ires-Cre mice and then use genetic approaches to visualize the architecture of mechanosensory endings. Cre-guided ablation of vagal and glossopharyngeal PIEZO2 neurons eliminates the baroreceptor reflex and aortic depressor nerve effects on blood pressure and heart rate. Genetic mapping reveals that PIEZO2 neurons form a distinctive mechanosensory structure: macroscopic claws that surround the aortic arch and exude fine end-net endings. Other arterial sensory neurons that form flower-spray terminals are dispensable for baroreception. Together, these findings provide structural insights into how blood pressure is sensed in the aortic vessel wall.
Hydrogen and Helium Pressure Broadening of H2S Between 2 and 600 K

Abstract The hydrogen (H 2 ) and helium (He) pressure-broadening cross sections of the 1 10 ← 1 01 transition of H 2 S have been measured between 2 and 600 K. This more than two decade range in temperature makes possible the consideration of these collisions as a spectroscopic process in which the translational energy plays the role of the spectroscopic variable. Although in the semiclassical region the pressure broadening due to H 2 and He is similar, at low temperature large qualitative differences occur, resulting in almost an order of magnitude larger cross section for collisions with H 2 below 10 K.
Nitrogen-fixation drought tolerance in virginia-type peanut

Symbiotic nitrogen-fixation activity of grain legumes commonly does not exhibit tolerance to soil drying, including in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Since the demand for nitrogen of peanut is large...
Chip Package Co-design and Physical Verification for Heterogeneous Integration

Physical verification of components in 2.5D and 3D integrated chips is challenging because existing tool flows have evolved from monolithic silicon design. These components are typically designed on separate technology nodes nearly independent of each other and integrated along the design cycle. We developed an integration and verification methodology with a physical design driven approach which is data-light and can be adapted anytime in the design process. We verified this methodology across multiple package designs spanning a range of process technology nodes. This methodology is applicable to any heterogeneous integration technology involving multiple dies and can be deployed early in the design cycle.
Compositional evaluation of lesion and parent bone in patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee using T2 * mapping.

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions contain cartilaginous, fibrous and osseous tissues which are difficult to distinguish with clinical, morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative T2 * mapping has earlier been used to evaluate microstructure and composition of all aforementioned tissues as well as bone mineral density. However, the ability of T2 * mapping to detect changes in tissue composition between different JOCD lesion regions, different disease stages, and between stable and unstable lesions has not been demonstrated. This study analyzed morphological and T2 * MRI data from 25 patients (median age, 12.1 years) with 34 JOCD-affected and 13 healthy knees. Each lesion was assigned a stage reflecting the natural history of JOCD, with stages I and IV representing early and healed lesion, respectively. T2 * values were evaluated within the progeny lesion, interface and parent bone of each lesion and in the control bone region. T2 * was negatively correlated with JOCD stage in progeny lesion (ρ = -0.871; p < 0.001) and interface regions (ρ = -0.649; p < 0.001). Stage IV progeny showed significantly lower T2 * than control bone (p = 0.028). T2 * was significantly lower in parent bone than in control bone of patients with stable lesions (p = 0.009), but not in patients with unstable lesions (p = 0.14). Clinical significance: T2 * mapping enables differentiation between different stages of JOCD and quantitative measurement of the ossification degree in progeny lesion and interface. The observed T2 * decrease in healed and stable lesions may indicate increased bone density as a result of the active repair process. T2 * mapping provides quantitative information about JOCD lesion composition.
MOTOR VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC; PENAL INSTITUTIONS Driver's Licenses, Probation: Modify Procedures and Penalties Relating to Driving Under the Influence of Drugs or Alcohol

SB 28 authorizes courts to require the installation of ignition interlock devices as a condition of probation for persons convicted of drunk driving twice within a five year period. HB 24 requires habitual violators and persons whose licenses have been suspended for DUI offenses to complete A DUI Alcohol or Drug Use Risk Reduction Program before receiving a new driver's license.
The Gore REDUCE Clinical Study

The Gore REDUCE Clinical Study is a prospective, randomized, open-label, multinational, multicenter evaluation comparing antiplatelet medical management plus percutaneous paten foramen ovale device closure to antiplatelet medical management alone. Since the efficacy of these treatment options in reducing the risk of recurrent cryptogenic stroke remains uncertain, the outcome of this clinical study will contribute to available data regarding this patient population. Our chapter reviews the REDUCE studies design elements that allow it to contribute new information relevant to the patent foramen ovale-stoke question.
Pregnancy Discrimination and Parental Leave

The decline of the single-breadwinner family in the United States has affected every level of the workforce. Conflicting demands faced by work ing parents (and expectant parents) have, in turn, created pressures on em ployers to accommodate their employees' child-birth and child-rearing responsibilities. The 1978 federal Pregnancy Discrimination Act has spawned a host of rules and regulations affecting hiring, promotion, termi nation, medical coverage, and unemployment insurance. The PDA may soon be supplemented by national parental leave legislation. State courts and legislatures have jumped into the fray, in some cases requiring employ ers to adopt policies protecting the seniority and security of employees whose family obligations require time away from their jobs. This Article surveys the developing legal landscape of pregnancy discrimination (and the related, frequently contradictory issue of fetal protection), and sheds some light on the current debate regarding the wisdom and effects of pro posed federal parental leave legislation. Introduction 378 I. Enactment of the 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act 379 . The PDA Requires Equal, Not Preferential, Treatment.. 380 B. The Judiciary Interprets the PDA 381 1. Hiring Practices 381 2. Employee Benefits Under the PDA 382 a. Health Insurance 382 b. Abortion Benefits 383 3. Pregnancy-Related Leaves of Absence 384 a. Mandatory Maternity Leaves 385 b. Reinstatement After Maternity Leave 387 c. Seniority Rights and Leaves of Absence 388 4. Termination of Pregnant Employees 388 5. Fetal Vulnerability Issues 389 a. Employers Must Prove Business Necessity 390
Thermal Stability Of Formohydroxamic Acid

The thermal stability of formohydroxamic acid (FHA) was evaluated to address the potential for exothermic decomposition during storage and its use in the uranium extraction process. Accelerating rate calorimetry showed rapid decomposition at a temperature above 65°C; although, the rate of pressure rise was greater than two orders of magnitude less than the lower bound for materials which have no explosive properties with respect to transportation. An FHA solution in nitric acid did not reach runaway conditions until 150°C. Water appeared to temper the FHA decomposition. Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed that FHA melted at 67°C and thermally decomposed at 90°C with an enthalpy of −1924 J/g. The energics of the FHA thermal decomposition are comparable to those measured for aqueous solutions of hydroxylamine nitrate. Solid FHA should be stored in a location where the temperature does not exceed 20–25°C. As a best practice, the solid material should be stored in a climate-controlled environ...
Screening of Escherichia coli Temperature-sensitive Mutants by Pretreatment with Glucose Starvation

A system for screening Escherichia coli temperature-sensitive mutants is described. The system involves glucose starvation and minimizes ambiguities introduced by the interdependencies of macromolecular synthesis during balanced growth. The system permits the quick recognition of protein synthesis mutants and their classification into two general catagories. Complete protein synthesis mutants are unable to make any polypeptide material, whereas partial protein synthesis mutants are able to produce inactive proteins. The phenotypes of several mutants are described.
When is it okay to lie? a simple model of contradiction in agent-based dialogues

When is it okay to lie? And what constitutes a lie, anyway? This paper examines the notion of lying in agent-based systems, focusing on dialogues and situations where it is acceptable for agents to utter locutions that contradict their beliefs. We examine situations in human and animal behavior where lying — acting or making statements that contradict one’s set of beliefs — is considered to be socially acceptable or even necessary for survival.
Mechanical Characterization of Bimodal Grain Size Aluminum 5083 under Various Test Conditions

A 5083 aluminum alloy with a bimodal grain size distribution consisting of a nanocrystalline grain matrix, created by cryomilling, and coarse grains has been produced. This material has been shown to exhibit greatly improved properties when compared to conventional Al-5083 and nanocrystalline aluminum. This work investigates how the test conditions affect the mechanical behavior of this material. A full factorial experiment is designed to investigate effects of strain rate, size, material orientation, and coarse grain volume ratios through uniaxial tensile tests. The results are found to conform well to Joshi’s model for plasticity. Strength and ductility is found to decrease with increasing strain rate and specimen thickness is found to affect the stiffness of the material. Increasing coarse grain ratio is found to increase ductility, though it appears that the effect may become saturated at some point. Furthermore, significant anisotropy effects are observed.
A "Memory-Jamming" Theory of Advertising

I present a model in which advertising changes consumers’ recollections of their past experiences with a product. The model sheds light on several important features of advertising behavior: the relationship between advertising levels and consumer experience, the relationship between advertising and product quality, and the presence of increasing returns in the consumers’ response to advertising. Importantly for empirical research on advertising, the model’s comparative statics call into question the ability of standard empirical tests to distinguish informative from non-informative advertising.
Thromboembolism prophylaxis and cesarean section: a survey of general obstetricians.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has historically remained a risk factor for obstetric patients, particularly those requiring cesarean section. The objective of this survey was to assess the response of general obstetricians to risk factor considerations for VTE prophylaxis and cesarean section. Methods: A survey regarding VTE prophylaxis and cesarean section was sent to 113 obstetricians practicing in suburban Chicago and northern Wisconsin. Results: There were 51 responses (45%) to the survey. Most respondents do not routinely use VTE prophylaxis for cesarean section in patients who may have one or more risk factors. Conclusion: There appears to be lack of consensus or appreciation for VTE and prophylaxis for cesarean section. Further studies and education are warranted.
Rice’s Theorem

Rice’s theorem says that undecidability is the rule, not the exception. It is a very powerful theorem, subsuming many undecidability, results that we have seen as special cases.
Proteomic analysis of brain proteins in APP/PS-1 human double mutant knock-in mice with increasing amyloid β-peptide deposition: insights into the effects of in vivo treatment with N-acetylcysteine as a potential therapeutic intervention in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Proteomics analyses were performed on the brains of wild-type (WT) controls and an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model, APP/PS-1 human double mutant knock in mice. Mice were given either drinking water or water supplemented with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (2mg/kg body weight) for a period of five months. The time periods of treatment correspond to ages prior to Aβ deposition (i.e., 4–9 months), resembling human mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and after Aβ deposition (i.e., 7–12 months), more closely resembling advancing stages of AD. Substantial differences exist between the proteomes of WT and APP/PS-1 mice at 9 or 12 months, indicating that Aβ deposition and oxidative stress lead to downstream changes in protein expression. Altered proteins are involved in energy-related pathways, excitotoxicity, cell cycle signaling, synaptic abnormalities, and cellular defense and structure. Overall, the proteomic results support the notion that NAC may be beneficial for increasing cellular stress responses in WT mice and for influencing the levels of energy- and mitochondrial related proteins in APP/PS-1 mice.
Characteristics of a Virus Isolated from a Feline Fibrosarcoma

A virus was isolated from a radioresistant feline fibrosarcoma. It induced multi-nucleated giant-cell formation and lysis in a cell line derived from a canine fibro-sarcoma, which was used to characterize the virus. End-point titrations in these cells required 28 days. The virus was sensitive to ether and heat and was destroyed at pH 3. Replication was not inhibited by 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Electron microscopy revealed assembly by a budding process from the plasma membrane of infected cells. The average diameter of the virion was 106 nm. Intracisternal particles with an average diameter of 45 nm were present within infected cells. In two instances secondary monolayers of feline renal cells underwent morphological transformation after inoculation of the virus. The two strains of transformed cells are now in continuous culture and do not yield infectious virus.
Ischemic Bowel Disease Attributable to Ergot

A 50-year-old woman developed ischemic colitis temporally related to ingestion of a large dose of ergotamine tartrate. The patient did not have cardiovascular, metabolic, or inflammatory conditions predisposing to bowel ischemia. To our knowledge, this is the first patient proved to have developed bowel ischemia secondary to ergot toxicity.
Activation of the Classical Complement Pathway by Bacillus anthracis Is the Primary Mechanism for Spore Phagocytosis and Involves the Spore Surface Protein BclA

Interactions between spores of Bacillus anthracis and macrophages are critical for the development of anthrax infections, as spores are thought to use macrophages as vehicles to disseminate in the host. In this study, we report a novel mechanism for phagocytosis of B. anthracis spores. Murine macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and primary peritoneal macrophages from mice were used. The results indicated that activation of the classical complement pathway (CCP) was a primary mechanism for spore phagocytosis. Phagocytosis was significantly reduced in the absence of C1q or C3. C3 fragments were found deposited on the spore surface, and the deposition was dependent on C1q and Ca 2+ . C1q recruitment to the spore surface was mediated by the spore surface protein BclA, as recombinant BclA bound directly and specifically to C1q and inhibited C1q binding to spores in a dose-dependent manner. C1q binding to spores lacking BclA (Δ bclA ) was also significantly reduced compared with wild-type spores. In addition, deposition of both C3 and C4 as well as phagocytosis of spores were significantly reduced when BclA was absent, but were not reduced in the absence of IgG, suggesting that BclA, but not IgG, is important in these processes. Taken together, these results support a model in which spores actively engage CCP primarily through BclA interaction with C1q, leading to CCP activation and opsonophagocytosis of spores in an IgG-independent manner. These findings are likely to have significant implications on B. anthracis pathogenesis and microbial manipulation of complement.
Immunogenicity of Nanogram to Milligram Quantities of Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. I. Relative Virus-neutralizing Potency of Guinea Pig Sera

Quantitative antigen dose-neutralizing antibody response curves were established in guinea pigs for purified foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), type A, strain 119, inactivated for 48 hr with N-acetylethyleneimine (AEI). Inactivation of FMDV by 0.05% AEI at 25 C occurred without virus degradation and followed first-order kinetics over a 10(8)-fold decrease in plaque-forming units (PFU) extrapolating to 10(-5) PFU/ml at 48 hr. The AEI-treated virus was administered in doses ranging from 10 ng to 2.62 mg, alone or emulsified in oil adjuvant. Sigmoidal dose-response curves were obtained with 160 ng as the minimum effective dose. The maximum effective dose was 163 mug and 2.62 mg or more at 6 and 28 through 84 days postinoculation, respectively. Oil adjuvant had little effect at 6 days postinoculation, but its use markedly increased the amount of neutralizing antibody obtained at the later testing periods.
Things That Make Kids Smart: A Vygotskian Perspective on Concrete Tool Use in Primary Literacy Classroomsa:

In this study, writing and reading workshops are viewed as sites for the employment of tools, for learning what to do with concrete objects, where even material things with no language in them can ...
Correlation effects in 11B (π−, π+)11Li reactions

Abstract We have studied the effect of the spatial correlation between the valence neutrons in 11 Li on the double-charge exchange reaction 11 B(π − , π + ) 11 Li. The spatial correlation enhances the forward angle cross section by a factor of 2–3 compared to the prediction of an independent particle description.
Identification of a functional corpus luteum in the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa.

Hagfish represent the oldest extant craniates and are an important link between invertebrates and vertebrates. However, key elements of the reproductive system have not been elucidated in hagfish. There is new evidence from our recent studies that Atlantic hagfish may have a seasonal reproductive cycle. These data include seasonal changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone, gonadal steroids, estradiol, and progesterone, corresponding to gonadal reproductive stages along with the putative identification of a functional corpus luteum. The corpus luteum in non-mammalian vertebrates secretes mainly progesterone thought to be involved in the retention of eggs and down regulation of vitellogenin synthesis. The most ancient vertebrate that is known to have a functional corpus luteum is the dogfish, Squalus acanthias. However, brown bodies, hypothesized to be corpora lutea, have been observed by scientists for over 100 years in the gonad of the hagfish. To date, data in support of these brown bodies acting as corpora lutea have consisted mainly of observational studies. Therefore, we examined the putative corpora lutea (post-ovulatory follicles) in hagfish by histology, electron microscopy, and production of progesterone and estradiol. Progesterone concentrations from post-ovulatory follicles were significantly higher (12 ± 1.5 pg/mg gonad tissue wet weight) compared to controls containing only gonadal tissues and oocytes (3.6 ± 1.5 pg/mg gonad tissue wet weight) (p < 0.05). Estradiol was detected in seven of the 13 samples containing only gonadal tissue with oocytes and ranged between 0.6 and 0.18 pg/mg gonad tissue wet weight and was not detected in any of the media containing only corpora lutea samples. Light and electron microscopy analysis supported that these structures were corpora lutea like structures (post-ovulatory follicles). From these results, we hypothesize that hagfish have functional corpora lutea like structures that produce progesterone.
Recovery from mild concussion in high school athletes

Object. A computerized neuropsychological test battery was conducted to evaluate memory dysfunction and self-reporting of symptoms in a group of high school athletes who had suffered concussion. Methods. Neuropsychological performance prior to and following concussion was compared with the test performance of an age-matched control group. Potentially important diagnostic markers of concussion severity are discussed and linked to recovery within the 1st week of injury. Conclusions. High school athletes who had suffered mild concussion demonstrated significant declines in memory processes relative to a noninjured control group. Statistically significant differences between preseason and postinjury memory test results were still evident in the concussion group at 4 and 7 days postinjury. Self-reported neurological symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and nausea resolved by Day 4. Duration of on-field mental status changes such as retrograde amnesia and posttraumatic confusion was related to the presence of ...
Transfusion medicine: the problem of HIV infection.

Abstract Progress is being made in the prevention of transfusion-associated HIV infection in children. Seroconversion and ultimately the development of AIDS in the hemophilia population are directly related to HIV-contaminated products. To date, since there is no known cure for HIV infection, seronegative patients with hemophilia must be carefully protected against the administration of any product that may be contaminated with HIV. To do so is extremely expensive. Although highly purified forms of plasma-derived factor VIII and recombinant factor VIII have demonstrated safety as well as efficacy, they are extraordinarily expensive. These expenses, however, appear to be well worth the cost incurred in terms of the health and survivorship of seronegative subjects with hemophilia. It seems likely that at some time in the near future, recombinant factor VIII will be the most predominant, if not the only, material considered to be “state of the art” for the treatment of children with hemophilia.
NMDA receptor-dependent and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent forms of long-term depression coexist in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells.

We have found that two distinct forms of long-term depression (LTD), one dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and the other dependent on the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), coexist in pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of the hippocampus of juvenile rats (11-35 days). Both forms were pathway specific, required membrane depolarization, and were blocked by chelating postsynaptic Ca2+ with BAPTA. The mGluR-LTD, but not the NMDAR-LTD, was blocked by the T-type Ca2+ channel blocker Ni2+ and intracellular administration of a protein kinase C inhibitory peptide. In contrast, the protein phosphatase inhibitor Microcystin LR blocked NMDAR-LTD, but not mGluR-LTD. NMDAR-LTD is associated with a decrease in the size of quantal excitatory postsynaptic currents, whereas for mGluR-LTD there was no change in quantal size, but a large decrease in the frequency of events. While mGluR-LTD did not interact with NMDAR-dependent long term potentiation (LTP), NMDAR-LTD was capable of reversing LTP. Prior saturation of mGluR-LTD had no effect on NMDAR-LTD. NMDAR-LTD and mGluR-LTD thus appear to be mechanistically distinct forms of synaptic plasticity in that they share neither induction nor expression mechanisms.
Time-dependent polarization in Mössbauer experiments with synchrotron radiation (II)

The resonant forward scattering of X-rays from57Fe nuclei is strongly polarization dependent. The broad band excitation provided by synchrotron radiation (SR) results in an interesting time-dependent polarization mixing. This mixing can be used to substantially reduce the nonresonant (nonrotated) scattering from electrons. The presented technique will allow the full utilization of next-generation synchrotron facilities as a source for Mossbauer experiments.
Polyfluorinated Tris(pyrazolyl)borates. Syntheses and Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of Group 1 and Group 11 Metal Complexes of [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]- and [HB(3-(CF3)Pz)3]-

The fluorinated tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]- and [HB(3-(CF3)Pz)3]- (where Pz = pyrazolyl) have been synthesized as their sodium salts from the corresponding pyrazoles and NaBH4 in high yield. These sodium complexes and the related [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]K(DMAC) were used as ligand transfer agents in the preparation of the copper and silver complexes [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Cu(DMAC), [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]CuPPh3, [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]AgPPh3, and [HB(3-(CF3)Pz)3]AgPPh3. Metal complexes of the fluorinated [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]- ligand have highly electrophilic metal sites relative to their hydrocarbon analogs. This is evident from the formation of stable adducts with neutral oxygen donors such as H2O, dimethylacetamide, or thf. Furthermore, the metal compounds derived from fluorinated ligands show fairly long-range coupling between fluorines of the trifluoromethyl groups and the hydrogen, silver, or phosphorus. The solid state structures show that the fluorines are in close proximity to these nuclei, t...
Matrix Pre-Coated MALDI MS Targets for Small Molecule Imaging in Tissues

A new sample preparation method for MALDI tissue imaging has been developed for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds that employs matrix pre-coated MALDI targets. Tissue sections need only to be transferred onto the pre-coated target before analysis for fast and easy sample preparation. Pre-coated targets have a homogenous matrix coating with uniform crystals of approximately 1–2 μm and do not require solvents that may lead to analyte delocalization within a tissue section. We report here the use of matrix pre-coated targets for imaging of lipids, peptides, and pharmaceuticals in tissues.
On the Computation of the Relative Entropy of Probabilistic Automata

We present an exhaustive analysis of the problem of computing the relative entropy of two probabilistic automata. We show that the problem of computing the relative entropy of unambiguous probabilistic automata can be formulated as a shortest-distance problem over an appropriate semiring, give efficient exact and approximate algorithms for its computation in that case, and report the results of experiments demonstrating the practicality of our algorithms for very large weighted automata. We also prove that the computation of the relative entropy of arbitrary probabilistic automata is PSPACE-complete. The relative entropy is used in a variety of machine learning algorithms and applications to measure the discrepancy of two distributions. We examine the use of the symmetrized relative entropy in machine learning algorithms and show that, contrarily to what is suggested by a number of publications in that domain, the symmetrized relative entropy is neither positive definite symmetric nor negative definite symmetric, which limits its use and application in kernel methods. In particular, the convergence of training for learning algorithms is not guaranteed when the symmetrized relative entropy is used directly as a kernel, or as the operand of an exponential as in the case of Gaussian Kernels. Finally, we show that our algorithm for the computation of the entropy of an unambiguous probabilistic automaton can be generalized to the computation of the norm of an unambiguous probabilistic automaton by using a monoid morphism. In particular, this yields efficient algorithms for the computation of the Lp-norm of a probabilistic automaton.
Inhibition of α5 integrin decreases PI3K activation and cell adhesion of human colon cancers

Abstract Background Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), acting through the downstream kinase AKT, regulates a number of cellular processes such as cell growth and survival. Poorly differentiated colon cancers are characterized by increased integrin-mediated extracellular matrix interactions; disruption of this integrin-mediated adhesion leads to apoptosis and involves reduced PI3K activity. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the role of α5β1 integrin expression on PI3K activity, and (2) whether blockade of α5β1 integrin decreases colon cancer cell adhesion and increases apoptosis. Methods Human colon cancer cells were treated with anti-α5 integrin antibody, anti-β1 integrin antibody, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (20 μmol/L), or wortmannin (400 nmol/L). Expression and function of α5 were quantitated by FACS analysis and cell adhesion assay, respectively. DNA fragmentation was measured to assess apoptosis. Protein was extracted to determine phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) expression as a measure of PI3K activity. Results Increased pAKT and α5 integrin expression were noted in the colon cancer cells; blockade of α5 integrin decreased α5 integrin and pAKT expression and decreased cell adhesion. Moreover, PI3K inhibition resulted in decreased α5 integrin expression. In contrast, treatment with anti-β1 integrin antibody produced no change in pAKT expression or cell number. Conclusion Our results are the first to show that blockade of cell surface α5 integrin expression decreases PI3K activity, inhibits colon cancer cell attachment, and induces apoptosis. These findings suggest that agents which selectively target α5 integrin subunit expression may enhance the effects of standard chemotherapeutic agents and provide novel adjuvant treatment for selected colon cancers.
Abstract B91: Induction of RXR transcriptional activity and consequent upregulation of p21 by 3‐amino‐6‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐5,6‐dihydro‐5, 11‐dioxo‐11H‐indeno[1,2‐c]isoquinoline dihydrochloride in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is known to play various roles in embryogenesis, metabolic processes, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, RXR has been studied as a target for cancer chemoprevention and treatment. To discover potential cancer chemopreventive agents acting through RXRs, we developed a cell line‐based RXR response element (RXRE)‐luciferase reporter gene assay system. Following extensive screening, 3‐amino‐6‐(3aminopropyl)‐5,6‐dihydro‐5,11‐dioxo‐11H‐indeno[1,2‐c]isoquinoline dihydrochloride (AM6‐36) was found to induce RXRE‐luciferase activities in a dose‐dependent manner. Subsequently, the substance was found to inhibit the proliferation of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Prompted by these results, we examined the underlying mechanism of AM6‐36 anti‐proliferative activity using MCF‐cells as a model. In brief, at lower concentrations, G2/M arrest was observed, and S phase arrest was enhanced at higher concentrations. Based on DNA microarray analysis, AM6‐36 was found to up‐regulate the expression of CDKN1A, a target gene of RXR, by ∼40‐fold. In accordance with this response, the protein level of CDKN1A (p21WAF1/CIP1) was increased in the presence of AM6‐36. Induction of p21 by AM6‐36 was abrogated following transient transfection of RXR siRNA, demonstrating the effect of AM6‐36 on the expression of p21 is closely related to modulation of RXR transcriptional activity. These data suggest AM6‐36 is a promising lead compound for the treatment or prevention of breast cancer. A synthetic procedure has been devised for large‐scale production, moderate absorption and slow metabolism has been demonstrated with rats (p.o. administration), and more advanced anti‐tumor evaluation is underway. (Supported by program project P01 CA48112 awarded by the National Cancer Institute.) Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B91.
SU‐E‐T‐68: Improvement of Optical CT Scanner for 3‐D Dosimetry

Purpose: The first generation 3D optical CT scanner OCTOPUS has been modified. The modified scanner has a new developed user control panel written in Labview which provides more flexibility to optimize mechanical control and data acquisition technique. The total scan time has been significantly reduced from initial 10 hours to ∼ 4 hours. Methods: The modified scanner is developed from OCTOPUS by adding a 50/50 beam splitter, 4 broadband (400–750nm) dielectric mirrors and an identical photodetector as the original one. A 25mm diameter filter with central wavelength 630nm is attached to each of the photodetectors to remove ambient light. The laser source is HeNe Laser with wavelength 632.8 nm. All these optical components are aligned well and mounted on a single movable frame. The frame can move vertically along the water tank to allow laser beam covering the whole dosimeter. To test the modified scanner, the sinogram of a homemade phantom with two plastic rods (7 mm diameter) has been generated by combining two sets of projection data acquired from perpendicular photodetectors. We also studied a single field irradiation (4cm x 4cm) generated from a linear accelerator with 6 MV x‐ray beam using an 11cm diameter and 8 cm height PRESAGE dosimeter. Results: The sinogram shows that the combined data from two photodetectors match well. By setting the same window/level value using ImageJ, the optical density of irradiated square field obtained using the modified scanner shows comparable contrast, sharpness and uniformity as OCTPUS. Isodose distribution among OCTOPUS, the modified scanner and Eclipse plan agree well at the 90%, 75%, 50% isodose lines. Conclusion: By comparing results obtained using the modified scanner and OCTOPUS, we have evaluated that the modified scanner can achieve comparable dose reconstruction quality as OCTOPUS while reducing total scan and reconstruction time to ∼4 hours.
Partitioned pricing: Can we always divide and prosper?

Abstract The widespread use of partitioned pricing by marketers may be the result of perceptions that it enhances the perceived value of the offer. This research identifies boundary conditions for the effectiveness of partitioned pricing by examining the role of the reasonableness of a surcharge and the need for cognition in consumers’ processing of pricing information. Three studies, each consisting of two experiments, examine the effectiveness of partitioned versus combined pricing and show that for high need for cognition persons, partitioned pricing has a more favorable effect than combined pricing when the surcharges are reasonable; these effects reverse when the surcharges are unreasonable. The studies indicate no differences between partitioned and combined pricing across surcharge conditions for low need for cognition consumers. A fourth study incorporating both reasonable and unreasonable surcharges in one experiment substantiates the conclusions of the first three studies. Finally, detailed process measures provide evidence that high versus low need for cognition persons evaluate partitioned pricing information differently in distinct surcharge conditions.
Numerical experiments with two-dimensional elastic-viscoplastic bars

Abstract Numerical solutions of two-dimensional elastic-viscoplastic wave propagation in bars of various shapes are discussed. Hondo code with the addition of a new sub-program for Bodner-Partom's constitutive equation is used for the analysis. For a two-dimensional elastic bar and a one-dimensional elastic/linear-hardening plastic bar, Hondo numerical results agree well with available analytical or numerical solutions. For elastic-viscoplastic bar, numerical solutions show some interesting features of the dynamic responses. The responses for Bodner-Partom constitutive equation were found to lie between the results for elastic-plastic and purely elastic constitutive relation. The precursor wave always propagates at the speed of elastic wave. For a bar with both discontinuities of cross-section and material properties, the computation showed the disappearance of stress localization, which usually exists for single-material bar with a geometric discontinuity.
Application of the implicit MacCormack scheme to the PNS equations

The two-dimensional parabolized Navier-Stokes equations are solved using MacCormack's (1981) implicit finite-difference scheme. It is shown that this method for solving the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations does not require the inversion of block tridiagonal systems of algebraic equations and allows the original explicit scheme to be employed in those regions where implicit treatment is not needed. The finite-difference algorithm is discussed and the computational results for two laminar test cases are presented. Results obtained using this method for the case of a flat plate boundary layer are compared with those obtained using the conventional Beam-Warming scheme, as well as those obtained from a boundary layer code. The computed results for a more severe test of the method, the hypersonic flow past a 15 deg compression corner, are found to compare favorably with experiment and a numerical solution of the complete Navier-Stokes equations.
Demands of an explosive era

Today's compelling need is that of absorbing the impact of science and technology for the common good. This is a responsibility of all of us, because each advance affects the whole spectrum of our society and its institutions. The essential requirement is an enlightened citizenry, prepared to submerge individual interests in the group interest and to orient to new values when and as necessary.
Results of identified pions, protons and antiprotons up to transverse momentum of 12GeV/c from STAR

Heavy ion collisions at RHIC create a hot and dense medium that exhibits novel properties. Study of these properties and hadronization mechanisms of the medium requires identified particle results over wide transverse momentum ( p T ) range. We present STAR results of identified charged pions, protons and antiprotons up to transverse momentum of 12 GeV / c in Au+Au, pp and d+Au collisions at the s N N = 200 GeV . Spectra, ratios, and nuclear modification factors, and their comparisons to jet fragmentation, partonic energy loss, and coalescence/recombination models are discussed.
The effects of age in four alternative forced-choice item and associative recognition tasks.

Seventy-three young and 84 older adults were taught interactive imagery as a strategy for learning word pairs. In the control condition, participants viewed word pairs one at a time and formed an interactive image for each. In the experimental condition, participants first formed individual mental images for both the cue and the target, and then formed an interactive image for the pair. Participants in both conditions then completed four alternative forced choice item and associative recognition tasks that avoid influences of age differences in retrieval strategies such as recall-to-reject. Unlike findings with typical yes-no recognition tests, associative recognition was superior to item recognition in the control condition. This effect was attenuated in the experimental condition. Older adults had poorer recognition memory for both associative and item tests, with a larger age difference for recognizing new associations.
Symposium on the “Formation of martensite in iron alloys”

The symposiumFormation of Martensite in Iron Alloys was sponsored by the IMD Ferrous Metallurgy Committee as part of the Spring Meeting of the Metallurgical Society of AIME held in Las Vegas, Nevada in May, 1970. The papers were presented in three sessions whose chairmen were K. R. Kinsman, D. S. Lieberman, and G. R. Speich.
The marketing of hamburger buns: An improved model for prediction

The Spring 1974 issue of this Journal published a paper that presented a model for predicting sales of hamburger buns. This article evaluates the model on the bases of statistical reporting, model specification, and implications for production policy. In addition, using the same data used for the original model, an improved model is developed whereby there is a 50% increase in explained variance.
Tensile Deformation of a Nickel-base Alloy at Elevated Temperatures

The results of tensile testing involving Waspaloy indicate that the failure strain was gradually reduced at temperatures ranging between ambient and 300 °C. Further, serrations were observed in the engineering stress versus strain diagrams in the temperature range of 300-600 °C. The reduced failure strain and the formation of serrations in these temperature regimes could be the result of dynamic strain aging of this alloy. The extent of work hardening due to plastic deformation was reduced at temperatures above 300 °C. A combination of ductile and intergranular brittle failures was seen at temperatures above 600 °C. γ′ was detected at all tested temperatures.
A knowledge-based clinical toxicology consultant for diagnosing multiple exposures

Objective: This paper presents continued research toward the development of a knowledge-based system for the diagnosis of human toxic exposures. In particular, this research focuses on the challenging task of diagnosing exposures to multiple toxins. Although only 10% of toxic exposures in the United States involve multiple toxins, multiple exposures account for more than half of all toxin-related fatalities. Using simple medical mathematics, we seek to produce a practical decision support system capable of supplying useful information to aid in the diagnosis of complex cases involving multiple unknown substances. Methods: The system is automatically trained using data mining techniques to extract prior probabilities and likelihood ratios from a database managed by the Florida Poison Information Center (FPIC). When supplied with observed clinical effects, the system produces a ranked list of the most plausible toxic exposures. During testing, the system diagnosed toxins at three levels: identifying the substance, identifying the toxin's major and minor categories, and identifying the toxin's major category alone. To enable comparison between these three levels, accuracy was calculated as the percentage of exposures correctly identified in top 10% of trained diagnoses. Results: System evaluation utilized a dataset of 8901 multiple exposure cases and 37,617 single exposure cases. Initial system testing using only multiple exposure cases yielded poor results, with diagnosis accuracies ranging from 18.5% to 50.1%. Further investigation revealed that the system's inability to diagnose multiple disorders resulted from insufficient data and that the clinical effects observed in multiple exposures are dominated by a single substance. Including single exposures when training, the system achieved accuracies as high as 83.5% when diagnosing the primary contributors in multiple exposure cases by substance, 86.9% when diagnosing by major and minor categories, and 79.9% when diagnosing by major category alone. Conclusions: Although the system failed to completely diagnose exposures to multiple toxins, the ability to identify the primary contributor in such cases may prove valuable in aiding medical personnel as they seek to diagnose and treat patients. As time passes and more cases are added to the FPIC database, we believe system accuracy will continue to improve, producing a viable decision support system for clinical toxicology.
NASA ground terminal communication equipment automated fault isolation expert systems

The prototype expert systems are described that diagnose the Distribution and Switching System I and II (DSS1 and DSS2), Statistical Multiplexers (SM), and Multiplexer and Demultiplexer systems (MDM) at the NASA Ground Terminal (NGT). A system level fault isolation expert system monitors the activities of a selected data stream, verifies that the fault exists in the NGT and identifies the faulty equipment. Equipment level fault isolation expert systems are invoked to isolate the fault to a Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) level. Input and sometimes output data stream activities for the equipment are available. The system level fault isolation expert system compares the equipment input and output status for a data stream and performs loopback tests (if necessary) to isolate the faulty equipment. The equipment level fault isolation system utilizes the process of elimination and/or the maintenance personnel's fault isolation experience stored in its knowledge base. The DSS1, DSS2 and SM fault isolation systems, using the knowledge of the current equipment configuration and the equipment circuitry issues a set of test connections according to the predefined rules. The faulty component or board can be identified by the expert system by analyzing the test results. The MDM fault isolation system correlates the failure symptoms with the faulty component based on maintenance personnel experience. The faulty component can be determined by knowing the failure symptoms. The DSS1, DSS2, SM, and MDM equipment simulators are implemented in PASCAL. The DSS1 fault isolation expert system was converted to C language from VP-Expert and integrated into the NGT automation software for offline switch diagnoses. Potentially, the NGT fault isolation algorithms can be used for the DSS1, SM, amd MDM located at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).
Mental Health In The Mainstream Of Health Care

Mental health policy making has moved steadily into the mainstream of health policy. The phenomenon has expanded the resources available to people with mental disorders. It has also led to decisions that are based on inadequate understanding of mental illnesses and their treatment. Continued progress in the well-being of people with mental disorders requires expanded engagement of the mental health community with mainstream health policymakers.
Cyclic AMP does not inhibit A23187-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in cultured rabbit renal microvascular endothelial cells

We have previously shown that cultured rabbit renal preglomerular microvascular endothelial cells have the ability to synthesize a number of common prostaglandins. In the present study we have examined whether endogenous cyclic AMP is involved in the regulation of PGI2 and PGE2 biosynthesis in these cultured cells. Isoproterenol and forskolin produced an increase in cyclic AMP accumulation in these cells but had no effect on PGI2 or PGE2 biosynthesis either in the presence or absence of A23187. Similar results were noted in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor. These studies suggested that endogenous cyclic AMP does not regulate the biosynthesis of PGI2 or PGE2 in cultured renal preglomerular microvascular endothelial cells either under basal or A23187-stimulated condition. They further suggested that the effect of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on prostaglandin biosynthesis in these cultured cells was not secondary to its effects on phosphodiesterase.
Photoneutrino Energy Loss Rates

We consider the neutrino energy loss rate due to the photoneutrino process in a hot plasma, including the contribution from positrons present in the blackbody radiation. For a number of limiting regimes of density and temperature (depending on the degree to which the electrons are degenerate and relativistic), we have derived analytic expressions for the rate. A Monte Carlo method has been used to carry out a five-dimensional integration to evaluate the energy loss rate for general values of density and temperature. Numerical results, accurate to a few percent are presented, and a crude interpolation formula is given.
Chelation Therapy in Atherosclerosis

Excerpt To the editor: A number of inquiries have been made to the West Virginia University Drug Information Center requesting information on the value of edetate disodium (EDTA) in chelation thera...