cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Paramecium surface proteins. I. Puromycin insensitive amino acid incorporation.

The synthesis of a surface protein has been studied in Paramecium through double-labeling experiments using [14C]- and [3H]leucine-labeled bacteria as the source of radioactive amino acid. Over a 4–5 h incubation period, the turnover rate was found to be higher than that of overall cell protein. In addition, the initial label is apparently utilized during the chase period, being incorporated into protein via a puromycin insensitive pathway.
A LEED investigation of the chemisorption of nitrous oxide on a tungsten (100) surface

Abstract Nitrous oxide has been adsorbed on the tungsten (100) surface at 295 and 500°K. Flash desorption experiments show two binding states of nitrogen which desorb at 1005 and 1275°K. When both nitrogen states and the oxygen state from the dissociated nitrous oxide molecule are on the surface, there are no new LEED features. When the 1005°K nitrogen state is desorbed, a (4 × 1) LEED pattern occurs. When all the nitrogen is desorbed, a (2 × 1) oxide pattern remains. The oxygen is desorbed as a volatile tungsten oxide. A model of the sorbate surface which is consistent with the facts currently available on the nitrous oxide-tungsten system is described.
Earnings and education in China's transition to a market economy Survey evidence from 1989 and 1992

Abstract Analyses of returns to educational investments in China, based on 1981, 1985, and 1986 data, have yielded surprisingly low and sometimes negative rates. Given the extent of wage compression in prereform China, it is expected that human capital accumulation be increasingly recognized and rewarded as the Chinese economic reforms progress and market forces permeate the work place. Econometric analysis of newly available data, gathered in 1989 and 1992, reveals that returns to education for new labor force entrants, for workers who have recently obtained their current positions, for young people, for workers in recently established firms, and for collective, joint-venture, and private-sector workers are in the range expected of East Asian market economies with well-functioning labor markets.
Soil Sorption of Acidic Pesticides

A model of acidic pesticide sorption in soils was developed from theoretical modeling and experimental data, which initially considered a combination of a strongly acidic pesticide and a variable-charge soil with high clay content. Contribution of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] anionic-form sorption was small when compared with molecular sorption. Dissociation of 2,4-D was not sufficient to explain the variation in K d as a function of pH. Accessibility of soil organic functional groups able to interact with the pesticide (conformational changes) as a function of organic matter dissociation was proposed to explain the observed differences in sorption. Experimental 2,4-D sorption data and K oc values from literature for flumetsulam [N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide] and sulfentrazone [N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluromethyl)-4,5-dihydro3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) phenyl] methanesulfonamide] in several soils fit the model.
Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints for PAHs at a Manufactured Gas Plant Site

Samples from a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site in Santa Barbara, CA, were tested to evaluate the environmentally acceptable endpoints (EAE) process for setting risk-based cleanup criteria. The research was part of an ongoing effort to develop and demonstrate a protocol for assessing risk-based criteria for MGP sites that incorporates the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Six samples were tested: source soil, treated source soil, aged soil, lampblack soil, background soil, and spiked soil. The samples were subjected to a battery of physical and biological tests that focused on determining the “availability” of the soil-bound contaminants to groundwater, ecological receptors, and human receptors. Different assays yielded similar qualitative results, but the magnitude of the effects differed significantly. Each assay has unique inherent limitations, but the earthworm uptake assay is preferred because it is reliable, inexpensive, and sensitive at meaningful soil concentrations...
Closure of a patent foramen ovale and tricuspid valve replacement after heart transplantation

Patent foramen ovale has been noted after cardiac transplantation. Rarely is surgical intervention warranted. In this communication we report a case of severe tricuspid regurgitation and paradoxical embolism secondary to a patent foramen ovale in a patient 19 months after heart transplantation. The patient underwent successful closure of the patent foramen ovale and tricuspid valve replacement.
Arsenate and Chromate Retention Mechanisms on Goethite. 2. Kinetic Evaluation Using a Pressure-Jump Relaxation Technique

The kinetics of arsenate and chromate adsorption/desorption on goethite (α-FeOOH) were investigated using a pressure-jump (p-jump) relaxation technique. Information provided by this technique was used to elucidate the fate of arsenate and chromate in natural environments. Chemical relaxations resulting from rapidly induced pressure changes were monitored via conductivity detection. The adsorption/desorption of these oxyanions on goethite involved a double relaxation event. The proposed mechanism for the adsorption of arsenate and chromate on goethite is a two-step process resulting in the formation of an inner-sphere bidentate surface complex. The first step, associated with the fast τ values, involved an initial ligand exchange reaction of aqueous oxyanion species H2AsO4- or HCrO4- with OH ligands at the goethite surface forming an inner-sphere monodentate surface complex. The subsequent step, associated with the slow τ values, involved a second ligand exchange reaction, resulting in the formation of an ...
Photodichroic Materials As Coherent Optical Computing Elements

The photodichroic properties of color centers and their applications in coherent optical data processing are reviewed. The applications of these materials, particularly NaF, will be emphasized.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Library 2.0 or Library III : returning to leadership

Purpose – This paper aims to present a critical review of “Web 2.0” and “Library 2.0” applications and proposal of a redirection of resources towards semantic web developments.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a historical review of library development and new technology.Findings – The paper finds that acceptance by the public of “Library 2.0” applications has been low and that social networking tools do not contribute to the core mission of libraries.Originality/value – The paper proposes that the concept of a second era of libarianship and the term “Library II” should apply to the revolution in library services that occurred with the development of the MARC format in the 1960s and that librarians should be looking towards “Library III” by developing new linkages with semantic web tools.
The relationship between situational change and selectiveness in friendships for adjustment to the university

This study examined how social self-efficacy and the way friendships are maintained influenced adaptation to university life and friendship satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered to 119 female university students during July 2011 in Japan. In the first procedure, the correlation between situational change and selectiveness in friendships, social self-efficacy, university adjustment and friendship satisfaction was examined. In the second procedure, the cluster analysis was conducted to integrate situational change and selectiveness in friendships and social self-efficacy. The results showed that students who changed their attitudes based on their friends and those who selected friends based on situational change did not trust their friends, nor did they feel that they were trusted by friends. However, according to the results of the cluster analysis, students who had both characteristics of selectiveness and high social skills did not feel uncomfortable in university life.
A study of retrospective and on-line event detection

This paper investigates the use and extension of text retrieval and clustering techniques for event detection. The task is to automatically detect novel events from a temporally-ordered stream of news stories, either retrospectively or as the stories arrive. We applied hierarchical and non-hierarchical document clustering algorithms to a corpus of 15,836 stories, focusing on the exploitation of both content and temporal information. We found the resulting cluster hierarchies highly informative for retrospective detection of previously unidentified events, effectively supporting both query-free and query-driven retrieval. We also found that temporal distribution patterns of document clusters provide useful information for improvement in both retrospective detection and on-line detection of novel events. In an evaluation using manually labelled events to judge the system-detected events, we obtained a result of 82% in the Fl measure for retrospective detection, and a Fl value of 42% for on-line detection.
Isolation, Identification and Comparison of the Volatiles of Peach Fruit as Related to Harvest Maturity and Artificial Ripening

SUMMARY: Volatiles of peach (Prunus persica L., cultivar, Gleason Early Elberta) fruit were studied by gas-liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrometry. Chromatograms of the volatiles of hard-mature, firm-mature, soft-mature, tree-ripe and artificially ripened, hard-mature fruit were obtained with temperature programing and flame ionization detection. The volatile concentrates of tree-ripe peaches produced 86 peaks. The major peaks were isolated and the infrared spectra determined and compared with authentic compounds. In general, concentrations of volatile components increased with advancing maturity. The main volatile components were identified as gamma- and delta-lactones, esters, aldehydes, benzyl alcohol and d-limonene. The highest total lactone concentration occurred in tree-ripe peaches and was more than four times that of firm-mature fruit. Gamma-decalactone predominated among the lactones in tree-ripe peaches. Artificially ripened peaches had very small amounts of gamma-decalactone and lacked gamma- and delta-dodecalactone, with a total lactone concentration abouf one-fifth that of free-ripe fruit. Concentrations of esters in artificially ripened fruit reached only one-third to one-half those of tree-ripe peaches. Benzaldehyde was the predominant volatile in tree-ripe peaches and occurred in five times the concentration found in artificially ripened fruit. These may be the determining factors relative to the inferiority of artificially ripened as compared to free-ripened fruits.
Quantitative prediction of molecular optical polarizability anisotropy: benzene, substituted benzene and rigid-rod oligomers

Quantitative predictions of optical polarizability and its anisotropy are effected through a method that combines intrinsic molecular optical polarizability (as this is determined via semi-empirical quantum calculations) with inter- and intramolecular contributions to molecular optical polarizability (as those are manifested in depolarized Rayleigh scattering experiments). The approach is based on that proposed earlier by Dewar by which one can predict mean optical polarizabilities. Dewar's methodology is extended to predict not only the mean but also the anisotropy of the optical polarizability. It is shown that the technique is applicable to unsubstituted benzene and a number of substituted benzenes by quantitatively reproducing experimental values of mean optical polarizability and optical anisotropy simultaneously. The technique is further applied to model oligomers of three rigid-rod polymers, cis- and trans-poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) as well as trans-poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole), to show excellent agreement with previously published experimental and theoretical results.
An Overview of the Attention Improvement Management (AIM) Program With Outcomes for Three Pilot Participants

Direct attention training (DAT) and metacognitive strategy instruction have been employed to treat the cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and are supported by an emerging evidence base (e.g., Butler et al., 2008; Galbiati et al., 2009; Luton, Reed-Knight, Loiselle, O’Toole, & Blount, 2011; van’t Hooft et al., 2007). The importance of treatment intensity is well established for DAT (Sohlberg et al., 2003), yet restrictions in the delivery and funding of rehabilitation services, the availability of well-trained interventionists, and access by geographic locale remain critical barriers to the provision of intensive services. Computer-delivered treatments that incorporate a home practice component address the gulf between the intensive, daily practice suggested by the efficacy research and these clinical delivery constraints. The purpose of this paper is to (a) review the literature evaluating the integration of DAT and metacognitive facilitation to treat children and ...
Trace scheduling optimization in a retargetable microcode compiler

We discuss the integration of a trace scheduling optimizer into a retargetable optimizing microcode compiler that handles complex timing relations. The trace scheduler requires no special treatment when retargeting the compiler, being constructed from machine independent algorithms that extract target micro-architecture details from a machine description used by the other compiler processes. We focus on the machine independent basis of the trace scheduler and demonstrate it on a hypothetical micro-architecture.
A new method for DNA sequencing error verification and correction via an on-disk index tree

Existing sequencing error correction techniques demand large expensive memory space. In this work, we introduce a new disk-based sequencing error correction method to solve the problem. The key idea is to utilize a special on-disk index structure, called the BoND-tree, to store and access a large set of k-mers and their associated metadata on disk. With the BoND-tree, a set of special box queries to retrieve the relevant k-mers and their counts are efficiently processed. A comprehensive voting mechanism is adopted to determine and correct an erroneous base in a genome sequence. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is quite promising in verifying and correcting sequencing errors in terms of accuracy and scalability.
Rule of Forbidden Signals in a Two-Dimensional Supersonic Compressor Cascade.

Numerical Examples and Conclusions Figures 1 and 2 illustrate typical results for two cascade configurations: a low-solidity cascade with no Mach wave reflections (Fig. 1), and Verdon's cascade A (Fig. 2). Unsteady lift and moment amplitudes are calculated by the uniformly valid formulas, Eqs. (22) and (23), and Eqs. (1821), and compared to previously obtained (nonuniform) approximations as well as the full unsteady solution. Note that the nonuniform approximation is actually quite good for cascade A, except for the range or2 <a<360 + 30 deg. It breaks down surprisingly quickly, however, for the lowsolidity cascade, for which the improvements obtained by using the uniformly valid approximation are most apparent.
Balloon observations of organic and inorganic chlorine in the stratosphere: the role of HClO4 production on sulfate aerosols

Simultaneous observations of stratospheric organic and inorganic chlorine were made in September 1993 out of Fort Sumner, New Mexico, using JPL balloon-borne MkIV interferometer. Between 15 and 20 km, a significant fraction (20-60%) of the inorganic chlorine could not be accounted for by the sum of measured HCl, ClONO2, and HOCl. Laboratory measurements of the reaction of ClO radicals on sulfuric acid solutions have indicated that, along with HCl, small amounts of perchloric acid, HClO4, were formed. Very little is known about the fate of HClO4 in the stratosphere and we use a photochemical box model to determine the impact of this new species on the partitioning of inorganic chlorine in the stratosphere. Assuming that HClO4 is photochemically stable, it is shown that in the enhanced aerosol loading conditions resulting from Mt. Pinatubo's eruption, HClO4 could represent a significant reservoir of chlorine in the lower stratosphere, sequestering up to 0.2 ppbv (or 50%) of the total inorganic chlorine at 16 km. The occurrence of this new species could bring to closure the inorganic chlorine budget deficiency made apparent by recent ER-2 aircraft in situ measurements of HCl.
Fluoroquinolone Therapy and Achilles Tendon Rupture

Fluoroquinolones have been associated with tendinopathies. The authors present three cases of Achilles tendinopathy in which the patients' symptoms were preceded by treatment for unrelated bacterial infections with ciprofloxacin. Although the exact mechanism of the relationship is not understood, those who engage in sports or exercise should be advised of the risk of quinolone-induced tendinopathy.
Substituent effects on sulfonate ester based olefinations

Abstract The anions of sulfonate esters derived from acidic alcohols olefinate carbonyl compounds. The dependence of the yield and stereochemistry of olefination on the sulfonate ester's alkoxy substituent are consistent with a mechanism where apicophilic alkoxy groups promote olefination via 10-S-5 intermediate 3.
Electrons ejected with half the projectile velocity and the saddle point mechanism in ion-atom collisions

Full three-dimensional ejected electron momentum distributions for proton impact ionization of atomic hydrogen are calculated for impact energies 10 through 50 keV. The distributions show a peak in the longitudinal momentum at half the projectile impact velocity: the v/2 peak. A quantitative assessment of saddle point ionization, based on quantum and classical analysis, reveals that the v/2 peak is a false indicator for this mechanism. The influence of the potential saddle on ionization is seen to decrease rapidly from 10 to 50 keV. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Nomenclature, characteristics, and dietary intakes of sugars.

Abstract Background and Overview The World Health Organization has recommended a reduction in free sugars intake throughout one’s life span to decrease the burden of noncommunicable diseases, including caries and obesity. The author defines sugars’ nomenclature, describes sugars’ roles in food, and identifies current sugars intake. Conclusions The oral health care practitioner can identify added sugars intake and provide guidance to patients to decrease their intake of added sugars while improving nutrient intake and reducing caries risk. Practical Implications Intake of added sugars increases the burden of chronic diseases in the United States. The oral health care practitioner is in a position to provide dietary guidance to patients to reduce both oral and systemic diseases.
A Review of Coupled Multielectrode Array Sensors for Corrosion Monitoring and a Study on the Behaviors of the Anodic and Cathodic Electrodes

Localized corrosion is often the cause of many failures and unplanned shutdowns in industry. For example, statistics have shown that more than 80 % of the corrosion-induced failures in the chemical processing industry are due to localized corrosion, rather than general corrosion. Thanks to the advancement in coupled multielectrode array sensors (CMAS) technology, localized corrosion rates can now be quantitatively measured. If interfaced with controllers, CMAS probes can be used to automatically control the dosing of corrosion inhibitors and reduce the cost for corrosion control. This paper presents an overview for the CMAS technology and the experimental data that verifies the working principles of the CMAS for localized corrosion rate measurement.
Cytokine-induced pseudopodial protrusion is coupled to tumour cell migration

Pseudopodia protrusion is a prominent feature of actively motile cells in vitro1,2 and invading tumour cells in vivo3; however, the function and regulation of pseudopodia are poorly understood. Tumour autocrine motility factor (AMF) represents a new class of cytokines which are secreted by tumour cells4 and embryonic cells5 and induce random motility in the producer cells or in heterologous cells with appropriate receptors. Here we report that a major effect of this factor is to induce the extension of cell pseudopodia before cell translocation. Using a new method to quantify and isolate pseudopodia, we find that human breast carcinoma cell AMF (at concentrations of 1 nM or below) stimulates random pseudopodia formation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Anti-AMF antibodies inhibit pseudopodia protrusion and cell motility, showing the importance of pseudopodia formation during locomotion. AMF-stimulated motility and pseudopodia formation occur on a wide variety of adhesive substrata which suggests that certain intrinsic motility events are independent of the attachment mechanism. Induced pseudopodia show a prominent axial actin network in the electron microscope. The number of laminin receptor and fibronectin RGD recognition sites is increased by a factor of 20 in the induced pseudopodia when compared to the average distribution in unstimulated cells. Exploratory pseudopodia regulated by cell-derived motility factors contain receptors for matrix proteins and could serve as 'senseor-gans' essential to the process of cell locomotion.
Structure and chemical analysis of aluminum wear debris: Experiments and ab initio simulations

Abstract Sliding can produce severe plastic deformation and drive material far from equilibrium. Commonly, it also involves material transfer, mechanical mixing and formation of tribomaterial that influences both friction and wear. This paper describes aluminum wear debris generated by sliding in different environments. One portion of the debris is highly strained and another portion contains a large amount of oxygen, but not in the form of a simple oxide such as α-alumina. Annealing the debris allows strain relaxation, weight loss and changed electrical conduction characteristics. Characterization of debris before and after annealing suggests that the tribomaterial and the debris consist partly of an aluminum–oxygen solid solution and partly of hydroxylated material. These constituents are not normally formed in the absence of external forces. Quantum mechanical ab initio simulations were performed to complement the experiments. The simulations indicate that tetrahedral sites in aluminum are favored for oxygen in solid solution.
Still Photographs, Dynamic Memories: A Study of the Visual Presentation of Israel s Past in Commemorative Newspaper Supplements

This article investigates the ways in which Israel s history was presented via photographs and texts in commemorative supplements of three Israeli newspapers marking the country s anniversaries.
Closeness between female college students and their professors: A novel assessment technique

An empirical investigation was conducted using a technique developed by Adler to assess how close female college students felt toward their professors. The sample included mostly white college women enrolled in a psychology of women course. The women felt closer to their female professors than to their male professors. The findings have pedagogical implications.
The Le Châtelier Principle and the Demand for Imports in the Short Run and the Medium Run: Australia, 1959–60–1978–79*

This paper examines the role of prices and factor endowments in the determination of Australian imports. We consider two factors, labour and capital. The supply of capital is assumed fixed, labour is assumed fixed in the short run. and variable in the medium run, Direct as well as indirect estimates of short-run and medium-run import price and quantity elasticities are derived. Allowance is made for technological change, and various separability hypotheses are tested. As predicted by the Le Châtelier Principle. the own price elasticity of imports is larger in the medium run than in the short run.
On the convergence of infinite products of matrices

Abstract In the normed metric space of n -square complex matrices, convergence of Σ i ∥ Ai ∥ implies convergence of Π i ( U i + A i ), with ∥ U i ∥ = 1 ∀ i , if and only if Π i = q U i converges for any integer q . The limit of Π i ( U i + A i ) may be considered a function ƒ U (A) of the summable sequence A = [ A i ]; the function ƒ U is parametrized by U = [ U i ]. The sequences of summable matrices A = [ A i ] constitute a normed metric space E with norm | A | E = ∑ i ‖ A i ‖. The family of functions ƒ U (A) = Π i (U i + A i ) is equicontinuous at A if ∣ A ∣ E U i .
Peripheral Actions of the SCPs in Aplysia and Other Gastropod Molluscs

The SCPs are a family of neuropeptides found in many gastropod species. Two SCPs with similar sequences have been characterized in Aplysia . These peptides are potent modulators of central and peripheral synapses. They also enhance ongoing contractile activity in spontaneously active tissues such as heart and gut. Their distribution in central ganglia suggests that their predominant role is in the regulation of feeding behavior. There is good evidence that the identified SCP-containing neurons, B1 and B2, provide the major central regulation of gut motility during feeding through the release of the SCPs from their terminals in gut. The SCPs have also been localized to motor neurons that innervate buccal muscles which generate biting and swallowing movements. In many of these neurons, the SCPs have been shown to coexist with conventional transmitters such as ACh, or other peptides such as FMRFamide. The SCPs appear to be released along with conventional transmitters from these neurons to modulate the effectiveness of the conventional transmitter. In all cases, the SCPs cause an enhancement of the amplitude of contractions produced by motor neuron stimulation. The precise mechanisms underlying this effect vary from muscle to muscle. All of the effects of the SCPs are mediated by increased cAMP levels in target tissue. At many sites of action, serotonin produces actions that are qualitatively similar to those of the SCPs. This is likely to involve a convergence at the level of the adenylyl cyclase. In addition to these peripheral effects, the SCPs also have multiple central effects on feeding and other behaviors in gastropods.
Transformation of Non-Cancerous Human Breast Epithelial Cell Line MCF10A by the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen NNK

Repeated treatments of non-cancerous human breast epithelial cells MCF10A with a low dose of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induced the development of cancerous cells. NNK-transformed MCF10A cells acquired cancerous properties including anchorage-independent cell growth and increased cell motility. Cellular transformation of MCF10A cells was accompanied by a loss of responsiveness to 17β-estradiol and decreased rate of cell proliferation. NNK-transformed MCF10A cells were also tumorigenic in immunodifficient mice. Studies of changes in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways revealed that the upstream Erk pathway was down-regulated in the NNK-transformed cells. Our data provide the first evidence suggesting that the tobacco carcinogen NNK is competent to induce malignant transformation of non-cancerous human breast epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that the tobacco carcinogen NNK may contribute to early events in human breast carcinogenesis.
MR cholangiopancreatography in children: feasibility, safety, and initial experience

The indications for MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in children, and its safety and findings, might differ from those in adults and are not well described. To investigate the safety, feasibility, and accuracy of MRCP in children. We reviewed all prospective MRCP reports, noting the indication, the use of secretin, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings, and patient outcomes. Two readers reviewed each MRCP study by consensus to rate duct visualization and compare pancreatic duct sizes before and after secretin administration (paired t-test). The likelihood of a normal versus an abnormal MRCP study was compared by gender, pancreatitis as the primary indication, secretin use, and whether ERCP was performed (Fisher’s exact test), as well as age (t-test). A total of 85 MRCP studies were performed in children (mean age 10.3 years), most commonly for evaluation of pancreatitis (n=47, 55%); 41 (48%) used secretin and 39 (46%) used a negative oral contrast agent. Of the 85 studies, 72 (85%) had excellent image quality and 43 were normal. ERCP was performed after 16 of the 85 MRCP studies (19%); the diagnoses were concordant with those of MRCP in 13 (81%). There were 42 abnormal MRCP studies, and these were more likely to be in girls (P=0.03) and in children who had undergone ERCP (P<0.01). Secretin and the negative oral contrast agent were well-tolerated. Secretin improved duct visualization (P<0.001). MRCP safely and accurately depicted pancreaticobiliary anatomy in children. The use of secretin improved visualization of the pancreatic duct.
Overheated Rats, Race, and the Double Gland: Paul Kammerer, Endocrinology and the Problem of Somatic Induction

In 1920, Eugen Steinach and Paul Kammerer reported experiments showing that exposure to high temperatures altered the structure of the gonad and produced hyper-sexuality in “heat rats,” presumably as a result of the increased production of sex hormones. Using Steinach’s evidence that the gonad is a double gland with distinct sexual and generative functions, they used their findings to explain “racial” differences in the sexuality of indigenous tropical peoples and Europeans. The authors also reported that heat induced anatomical changes in the interstitial cells of the gonad were inherited by the heat rats’ descendants. Kammerer used this finding to link endocrinology to his long-standing interest in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. The heat rats supported his hypothesis that the interstitial cells of the double gland were the mechanism of somatic induction in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. The Steinach–Kammerer collaboration, Kammerer’s use of Steinach’s “puberty gland” to explain somatic induction, and his endocrine analysis of symbiosis reveal Paul Kammerer’s late career attempt to integrate endocrinology and genetics with the political ideals of Austrian socialism. With them he developed a bioethics that challenged the growing reliance on race in eugenics and instead promoted cooperation over competition in evolution. I relate his attempt to the controversies surrounding the interstitial cells, to the status of extra-nuclear theories of heredity, and to Kammerer’s commitment to Austromarxist social reforms during the interwar period.
Electrowetting Purged Surface Condensate in Evaporators

Condensate electrowetting purge in evaporators (heat exchangers) based on the force balance at the three-phase contact line (TCL) is used in a prototype heat exchanger. The electrowetting is described based on overcoming the static three-phase contact line friction and detailed droplet physics is presented. Series of experiments was performed under various conditions and it was found that electrowetting combined with hydrophobic coating improves the drainage rate by as much as factor of three. Observations show that fins subjected to electrowetting are cleared of liquid droplets, in contrast to the fins which are not. Based on the proposed physics and experimental data, optimized electrode designs for future reference are proposed.
Grain velocity measurement using a linear image sensor

A metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) linear image sensor consisting of an array of 128 self- scanning, linear photodiodes was used to measure the velocity of falling grain. The sensor was used to obtain an image of the falling grain wait a known time interval and then obtain a second image. Comparison of the two images permitted determination of the position displacement experienced by the grain. Optical relationships were used to convert the image displacement to grain displacement. Grain displacement divided by the time interval yielded grain velocity. This paper addresses the sensor and data acquisition hardware, the digital signal processing software, and calibration of the sensor.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Transparent Conductive Films by Scalable Dip Coating

Transparent conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) films were fabricated by dip-coating solutions of pristine CNTs dissolved in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and then removing the CSA. The film performance and morphology (including alignment) were controlled by the CNT length, solution concentration, coating speed, and level of doping. Using long CNTs (∼10 μm), uniform films were produced with excellent optoelectrical performance (∼100 Ω/sq sheet resistance at ∼90% transmittance in the visible), in the range of applied interest for touch screens and flexible electronics. This technique has potential for commercialization because it preserves the length and quality of the CNTs (leading to enhanced film performance) and operates at high CNT concentration and coating speed without using surfactants (decreasing production costs).
Karyology, nuclear DNA quantification and nucleus-cytoplasmic domain variations in some multinucleate green algae (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta)

Abstract Chromosome complements of 1 N = 12, 24 and 16, 32 are reported for four species of Siphonocladales. Spatial arrangement of nuclei through the division cycle is described. Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI is used to estimate nuclear genome sizes in twelve species. Nuclear genome sizes estimated from nuclear volumes (NV) obtained with image analysis measurements were found to be highly correlated with estimates from fluorescence intensity (If) values. Nuclear genome sizes in these taxa range from 1.1 to 19.2 pg, with 2 C nuclei having DNA contents of 2.6–4.9 pg. Homologous haploid and diploid cells appear to maintain a constant nuclear genome content by regulating the number and/or ploidy level of nuclei. Interspecific comparisons suggest an inverse relationship between genome size and ‘area of cytoplasmic domain’ per standardized nuclear DNA unit. The possibility is discussed that the very large nuclear genomes in these algae may have two functions in addition to a ...
A Study of Effect of Wettability on Heterogeneous Condensation: Varied Substrates

Contact angle as a surface property of the substrate plays a vital role in the process of heterogeneous condensation. This paper deals with the visualization experiments that have been carried out to study the dropwise condensation of the vapor of degassed distilled water on hydrophobic substrate and the filmwise condensation on hydrophilic substrate. A study on effect of substrate wettability on the growth of the condensate drop on various surfaces is presented and compared. Also trend of the variation of the surface temperature for various substrates during condensation is presented.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The evolving role of combined modality therapy in head and neck cancer

It is a privilege and an honor to address the members of the American Head and Neck Society and our guests. To my knowledge, this organization represents the largest group of individuals in the world whose primary mission is dedicated to promoting education and research on head and neck cancer. This past year, an inaugural year, has been a major step forward for head and neck surgeons in this country. We have restructured; we have accommodated important goals from each of the 2 merging societies; and, most importantly, we have been able to work together to build an infrastructure that will serve us well for the future. I am indebted to my copresident, Ashok Shaha, with whom it has been an absolute pleasure to interact. He is a man who is sensitive to those around him, as well as a great team player. I would also like to acknowledge the council, especially cosecretaries Jonas Johnson and Bill Farrar, cotreasurers Ernie Weymuller and John O’Brien, and President-Elect Jesus Medina, who have performed their responsibilities diligently, have provided wisdom and guidance, and, most importantly, have shown respect for each other and our new system of governance. Robin Wagner, who does all the work behind the scenes, deserves a special thanks. Finally, I would like to acknowledge Gayle Woodson, my wife, colleague, and best friend, for her support, encouragement, and confidence.
Risk factors for and impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in patients in a medical intensive care unit.

This retrospective cohort study investigated the impact and predictive factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization in 180 patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit between July 2009 and June 2010. No significant associations between MRSA nasal colonization and the incidence of health care–associated multidrug-resistant–related infections, intensive care unit length of stay, or inpatient mortality were found. Significant risk factors for MRSA colonization included previous medical history of diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure.
Diagnosis of Recurrent and Metastatic Disease Using F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography

One of the major strengths of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in breast cancer imaging is in the evaluation of patients who have suspected loco-regional recurrence or distant metastasis. In general, FDG-PET is more sensitive than conventional imaging for the detection of recurrent disease. Because of its ability to more accurately stage patients who have advanced breast cancer, FDG-PET has a significant impact on choice of treatment and management in this patient group.
When a never-seen but less-occluded image is better recognized: evidence from old-new memory experiments.

In studies of visual memory, an image identical to that previously seen is invariably recognized more accurately than any image that is different. This identity superiority provides the empirical foundation for the image-based theory of object and scene recognition. Here we present evidence to the contrary. In an “old–new” recognition task, a face less-occluded than its “old” counterpart was recognized more accurately than the “old” face itself. The same effect was also found with natural scenes. The superiority of a less-occluded image weakened when occlusion was further removed, indicating the visual system’s ability to recover from occlusion is limited. When the images were inverted, the effect disappeared. Our findings support the classic notion that the visual system performs active abstraction and organization on sensory information in order to encode it into a memory representation.
Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. I. Comparison with in vivo results.

Abstract The percutaneous absorption of selected radiolabeled compounds through female rat skin was determined after their application in a petrolatum vehicle. Absorption was measured during a 5-day period by in vivo and in vitro techniques. Benzoic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, urea, and caffeine were selected because of their differing skin permeability rates. Absorption was measured in vivo from urinary excretion data and in vitro with excised skin in diffusion cells. When skin absorption was expressed as the percentage of applied dose, values obtained in vitro were benzoic acid, 49.1; acetylsalicylic acid, 29.0; and urea, 7.2. Since similar values were obtained in vivo, permeability measurements of these compounds with excised skin appear reliable. With the in vitro data, the rate of skin absorption was more accurately stated in the form of a permeability constant. A method is described for the determination of a permeability constant in vivo, using measurements obtained from blood and urine samples.
Performance characteristics of A150 plastic-equivalent gases in A150 plastic proportional counters for 14.8-MeV neutrons

Two recently developed A150 plastic‐equivalent gas mixtures have been tested for suitability in proportional counter applications. Methane‐ and propane‐based ‘‘tissue‐equivalent’’ gases were also included for comparison purposes. Event‐size weighted dose distributions were measured in a 14.8‐MeV neutron beam. Resolution was found to be independent of gas mixture. Moreover the gains of the two A150 mixtures were the same, and comparable to that of the methane‐based gas mixture. The ionization yield per event size was also independent of the hydrogenous gas mixture employed. Neutron doses determined with the proportional counter were in reasonable agreement with those obtained from an ionization chamber.
A Macrophage Invasion Mechanism of Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to an infectious organism, killing an estimated 3 million people annually. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, and other pathogenic mycobacteria require entry into host macrophages to initiate infection. An invasion mechanism was defined that was shared among pathogenic mycobacteria including M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. avium but not by nonpathogenic mycobacteria or nonmycobacterial intramacrophage pathogens. This pathway required the association of the complement cleavage product C2a with mycobacteria resulting in the formation of a C3 convertase. The mycobacteria-associated C2a cleaved C3, resulting in C3b opsonization of the mycobacteria and recognition by macrophages.
Some sequential analogs of Stein's two-stage test

Abstract : Several sequential analogs of Stein's two-stage test procedure are presented for testing hypotheses about the mean of a normal population with unknown variance and with specified error probabilities. When sequential experimentation is feasible, they provide alternatives to the sequential normal test (variance known) or the sequential t-test. If the variance is assumed known, the procedures may still be recommended since the added cost may be only a very few additional observations on the average, and the performance of the tests does not depend on the validity of any assumption about the variance. Unlike the t-test, these procedures do not require that the alternative hypothesis be specified in standard deviation units.
Legislative-Judicial Interaction: Do Court Ideologies Constrain Legislative Action?

Bill success in state legislatures dem onstrates the dynamics of policy making in a separation-of-powers system. To date, most studies of legislative judicial interaction have examined the role courts play in policy making and the extent to which legislatures constrain judicial action. Courts do respond to the political context in which laws are made, but the relationship between state legislatures and state courts of last resort may be more complex than previ ously thought. Examinations of legislative response to judicial decisions have emphasized judicial review of legislation after its passage (Rogers 2001). Scholars have studied the extent to which legislatures modify policy after courts have interpreted it and considered whether legislatures defer to courts and invite them to make policy. The idea that the legislature will not pass bills in order to obviate the need for the courts to interpret, expand, or retract the meaning of contentious pieces of legislation is only beginning to receive attention in the literature. In states in which supreme courts
Clinical Differentiation of Pulmonary Infarction: (Correlation of Clinical and Pathologic Findings)

SUMMARY 1) Nineteen patients with pathologic evidence of pulmonary infarction were studied in a neuropsychiatric hospital. 2) Clinical and pathologic diagnoses were correlated. 3) The occurrence of pulmonary infarction in psychotic individuals is not uncommon. 4) Certain predisposing factors were elicited. 5) Pulmonary infarction and pneumonia are often confused clinically. 6) Cardiovascular disease, posture, and neoplasms appear to play significant roles in the causation of pulmonary infarction.
SU‐E‐T‐651: Radiobiological Effect of Target Volume in SBRT of Lung Tumor: Comparison of Treatment Planning Algorithms Between Pencil Beam Algorithm and Monte Carlo Method

Purpose: To use equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and tumorcontrol probability (TCP) to retrospectively analyze the radiobiological effect of target volumes in patients with NSCLC planned and treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy(SBRT). Methods: Eighty‐three stage I–IIlungcancer patients with 86 lesions treated with SBRT were retrospectively analyzed. For each patient, a Pencil Beam (PB) algorithm‐based treatment plan with a dose regimen of 12 Gy/fraction in 4 fractions was generated. To overcome the known uncertainties of conventional PB algorithm in lungtissue,Monte Carlo(MC) treatment plans were also created in the iPlan (BrainLab) system using the same monitor units derived from the PB‐based plan. Niemierko's EUD and TCP (Poisson model) were computed using different surviving fraction (SF) parameters for each dose calculation algorithm. The radiobiological effects of target volume were analyzed by correlating EUD and TCP with PTV volumes. Results: Mean PTV volume was 39.31 +/− 28.96 cc. The mean PB EUDs were 50.61, 50.60, 50.57 and 50.55 Gy for SF parameter values of 0.36, 0.34, 0.3 and 0.28, compared with MC EUDs 43.97, 43.84, 43.56 and 43.41 Gy. The mean PB TCP values were up to 18% higher than the mean MC TCP. EUDs calculated using both PB and MC were not sensitive to SF parameters, whereas they were for TCP calculation. Overall, MC EUDs were more sensitive to PTV volumes than PB EUDs, measured by Pearson correlation 0.46 vs. 0.07. Larger PTV volume decreased PB TCP values while this was not the case for MC TCP Conclusions: This work demonstrates encouraging evidence that radiobiological effect of target volume and dose calculation algorithm selection is significant in EUD and TCP estimations. Further studies confirming this relationship and relating to treatment outcomes are warranted. Work supported in part by NIH R01 CA106770
Protection of liver function in thioacetamide poisoned rats by heparinoids.

The liver function of rats poisoned with a single dose of thioacetamide was tested by measuring the blood disappearance of radioactive Rose Bengal (131 I—tagged) and SGOT and SGPT levels. Liver function damage was maximal after 24 hrs and was normalized after 96 hrs. The administration of sodium pentosan polysulfate i.m. at 0 and 6 hrs of the intoxication conferred a statistically significant protection of liver function.
The evaluation of criminal justice programs: Assessment of evolving standards in context

The quality of criminal justice programs has been evaluated by methods which assume that quality standards are associated primarily with research excellence and are clearly defined. Because these standards are still emerging in our discipline, a more appropriate method of assessment is introduced, which takes into account the evolving standards of quality in criminal justice. With this method, programs can evaluate themselves continuously not only against minimum standards, but also against newly evolving standards as they are introduced. This design will allow criminal justice programs to determine whether their procedures promote the goal of students' learning by analyzing their functions in relation to evolving standards of quality.
The Chicago School of Architecture: A History of Commercial and Public Building in the Chicago Area, 1875-1925

List of Illustrations I: Architecture in the Nineteenth Century II: Chicago: 1871 III: New Forms in Traditional Materials IV: Jenney and the New Structural Technique V: Burnham and Root VI: D. H. Burnham and Company VII: Holabird and Roche VIII: Adler and Sullivan IX: In the Wake of the Pioneers X: Hotels and Apartments XI: The Chicago School in the Twentieth Century Bibliography Index