cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical fingerprint identification using cellular neural network and joint transform correlation

An important step in the fingerprint identification system is the extraction of relevant details against distributed complex features. Identification performance is directly related to the enhancement of fingerprint images during or after the enrollment phase. Among the various enhancement algorithms, artificial intelligence based feature extraction techniques are attractive due to their adaptive learning properties. In this paper, we propose a cellular neural network (CNN) based filtering technique due to its ability of parallel processing and generating learnable filtering features. CNN offers high efficient feature extraction and enhancement possibility for fingerprint images. The enhanced fingerprint images are then introduced to joint transform correlator (JTC) architecture to identify unknown fingerprint from the database. Since the fringe-adjusted JTC algorithm has been found to yield significantly better correlation output compared to alternate JTCs, we used it for the identification process. Test results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
On the reaction inactivation of ascorbic acid oxidase.

1. 1. The reaction inactivation of the copper protein, ascorbic acid oxidase, has been reinvestigated and new evidence concerning the cause of the inactivation has been obtained. 2. 2. It has been found that the main products of the enzymic oxidation, i.e., dehydroascorbic acid and water, are not responsible for the inactivation phenomenon. 3. 3. The enzyme inactivation is dependent on the time required for the accumulation of a by-product of the reaction. This by-product appears to be hydrogen peroxide. 4. 4. Only a very small amount of the by-product develops during the typical reaction, apparently as the result of a secondary and low-rate catalytic reaction. 5. 5. Hydrogen peroxide is a very effective inactivating agent against ascorbic acid oxidase and only very small amounts are required to account for the experimentally observable enzyme inactivation.
Women veterans' healthcare delivery preferences and use by military service era: findings from the National Survey of Women Veterans.

BACKGROUND The number of women Veterans (WVs) utilizing the Veterans Health Administration (VA) has doubled over the past decade, heightening the importance of understanding their healthcare delivery preferences and utilization patterns. Other studies have identified healthcare issues and behaviors of WVs in specific military service eras (e.g., Vietnam), but delivery preferences and utilization have not been examined within and across eras on a population basis.
Knowledge-Based Software Prototyping and Reuse

Models are executable prototypes. Modeling is closely tied to simulation, which refers to the exercise of a model over a variable parametric space. Model simulations not only provide the engineer with feedback pertaining to the validity of a proposed design, but additionally allow competing designs to be compared on one or more parameters (i.e., sensitivity analysis). Models are defined from a base of several hundred primitive constructs. These constructs can define additional constructs hierarchically. An expertn–system was constructed, which retrieves software for reuse. This expert system is itself reusable and consists of many sub-systems – any one of which can invoke any other. A key feature is that any expertn–system need never be modified, for purposes of reuse, once saved in a repository. Rather, it communicates all information back to the caller and lets the caller decide how and when to use it. Thus, blocks in an expertn–system have very low coupling (i.e., no off-model connections). In addition, expertn–systems are, as their name suggests, organized in a hierarchy. This means that very complex decision-making systems can be called into play with minimal effort. Growing the repository is equivalent to learning.
Autophagy is essential for effector CD8 + T cell survival and memory formation

The importance of autophagy in memory CD8 T cell differentiation in vivo is not well defined. We show here that autophagy is dynamically regulated in virus-specific CD8 T cells during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Autophagy decreased in activated proliferating T cells, and was then upregulated at the peak of the effector T cell response. Consistent with this model, deletion of the key autophagy genes Atg7 or Atg5 in virus-specific CD8 T cells had minimal effect on generating effector cells but greatly enhanced their death during the contraction phase resulting in compromised memory formation. These findings provide insight into when autophagy is needed during effector and memory T cell differentiation in vivo and also warrant a re-examination of our current concepts about the relationship between T cell activation and autophagy.
Production of Pions in Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions at Cyclotron Energies

All available data on the production of pions in nucleon-nucleon collisions at cyclotron energies are compiled and are compared with the phenomenological theory of Watson and Brueckner. The principle of conservation of isotopic spin allows all these cross sections to be written in terms of only three independent cross sections, whose excitation functions are predicted by the phenomenological model. The theory represents satisfactorily the excitation functions and the angular distributions that are known experimentally; however the experimental ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}(P+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+N+P)}{\ensuremath{\sigma}(P+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+D)}$ appears to be about a factor 2 larger than predicted.Using a notation for total cross section in which the first subscript indicates the isotopic spin of the initial state, and the second that of the final state of the two nucleons, and expressing all cross sections in millibarns, we find: ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{10}(D)=\ensuremath{\sigma}(P+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+D)=0.14\ensuremath{\eta}+1.0{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{3},$ ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{10}(N+P)=\ensuremath{\sigma}(P+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+N+P)\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{11}\ensuremath{\approx}1.5{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{4},$ ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{01}=2\ensuremath{\sigma}(N+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{11}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.3{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{4},$ ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{11}=\ensuremath{\sigma}(P+P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})\ensuremath{\approx}0.2{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{8}.$ $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is the maximum c.m. momentum available to the pion, measured in units of \ensuremath{\mu}c.
MHC Class II Structural Requirements for the Association with Igα/β, and Signaling of Calcium Mobilization and Cell Death

Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to their well-characterized role in antigen presentation, MHC II molecules transmit signals that induce death of APCs. Appropriately timed APC death is important for prevention of autoimmunity. Though the exact mechanism of MHC II-mediated cell death signaling is unknown, the response appears independent of caspase activation and does not involve Fas-FasL interaction. Here we investigated MHC II structural requirements for mediation of cell death signaling in a murine B cell lymphoma. We found that neither the transmembrane spanning regions nor the cytoplasmic tails of MHC II, which are required for MHC II-mediated cAMP production and PKC activation, are required for the death response. However, mutations in the connecting peptide region of MHC II alpha chain (alphaCP), but not the beta chain (betaCP), resulted in significant impairment of the death response. The alphaCP mutant was also unable to mediate calcium mobilization responses, and did not associate with Igalpha/beta. Knock-down of Igbeta by shRNA eliminated the MHC II-mediated calcium response but not cell death. We propose that MHC II mediates cell death signaling via association with an undefined cell surface protein(s), whose interaction is partially dependent on alphaCP region.
Cortical inputs to the subthalamus: intracellular analysis

The existence of direct projection from the cerebral cortex to the subthalamic nucleus has been demonstrated with anatomical techniques. By use of the Nauta Method or the Fink-Heimer method, somatotopically organized projections from the precentral or motor cortex have been described in monkey 4,14,1s and in cat1, ~4. More recently, autoradiographic studiesS,la, 12 have shown that the cortical projection mainly arises from the precentral gyrus. The labeled axons terminate in ipsilateral subthalamic nucleus in a patch-like pattern. An ultrastructure study by Romansky et al. 18 on the subthalamic nucleus confirmed the above findings of light microscopy. It was reported that the lesions of the primary sensorimotor areas in cats produced degeneration of terminal boutons containing small vesicles synapsing mainly on spines and small dendrites of subthalamic neurons 18. In spite of these ever mounting anatomical studies on the cortico-subthalamic projection, there has been no electrophysiological study to determine the functional significance of the cortical afferents to the subthalamic nucleus. In this study the combined technique of intracellular recording and intracellular labeling of neurons with H R P was employed to assess the nature of cortical inputs to the subthalamic nucleus. Intracellular recordings were made from subthalamic neurons in rats anesthetized with Ketamine (initial dosage 100 mg/kg i.p. supplemented 70 mg/kg i.m. as needed). The subthalamic nucleus was approached from the dorsal surface. Bipolar stimulation electrodes were placed stereotaxically in the motor cortical area for jaw and forearm area 6 and in the substantia nigra (AP + 2.7, Lat 1.8 and 2.6). Substantia nigra stimulation was used to activate subthalamic neurons antidromically. Current pulses of 0.05-0.1 msec were used for stimulation. Recording microelectrodes were filled with 4 ~ H R P in 0.4 M Tris.HC1 buffer (pH 7.6) and KC1 (0.5 M). Electrode resistances varied from 40 to 60 MfL H R P was ejected using 300 msec pulses of 2-5 nA depolarizing current 1.5 pulse/sec for 2-5 min. The perfusion and tissue processing procedures for HRP were similar to those described previously 16. All stimulation sites were identified histologically.
The best of both worlds: emotional cues improve prospective memory execution and reduce repetition errors

Prospective memory (PM) errors are commonly investigated as failures to execute an intended task (e.g., taking medication), and some studies suggest that emotional PM cues significantly reduce such failures. In Experiment 1, we extended these findings and additionally explored whether improved PM performance with emotional cues comes at the expense of performance on the ongoing task. Our results indicated that both younger and older adults are more likely to respond to emotional than to neutral PM cues, but the emotional cues did not differentially disrupt the performance on the ongoing task for either age group. Because older adults are also prone to mistakenly repeating a completed PM task, in Experiment 2 we further examined whether emotional PM cues increased repetition errors for older adults. Despite equivalent opportunity for repetition errors across cue type, older adults committed significantly fewer repetition errors with emotional than with neutral cues. Thus, these experiments demonstrated that older adults can effectively use emotional cues to help them initiate actions and to minimize repetition errors.
Contribution of the platinum-tipped electrode catheter to the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias.

Abstract Eighty-six disturbances in cardiac rhythm were studied in 85 patients, with the use of the platinum-tipped hydrogen-sensitive electrode introduced percutaneously for magnification of atrial activity. Sixty of these were correctly diagnosed but 26 were inaccurately or incompletely diagnosed from the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. Various rhythm disorders were encountered. Blocked ectopic atrial contractions simulated sinus arrest or atrial fibrillation, and aberrantly conducted beats resembled ectopic beats of ventricular origin. The technic was found singularly useful in the differential diagnosis of tachycardias with QRS prolongation and tachycardias when P waves could not be defined precisely in the surface tracing. The procedure often was performed at the patient's bedside; no significant complications were encountered during the study.
Examining the generality of eyewitness hypermnesia: A close look at time delay and question type

Three studies investigated whether requiring eyewitnesses to provide multiple accounts of a crime prompted them to exhibit more accurate and complete recall (i.e. hypermnesia) or towards providing more inaccurate and confabulated testimony. Subject-witnesses viewed videotapes enacting several types of crimes. Subjects exhibited hypermnesia in two studies in which they were asked to provide accounts of the incident via a free-recall procedure. Indeed, there tended to be roughly a 10–20 per cent increase in the number of facts accurately recalled from the initial interview to the third. The number of incorrect recollections and confabulations did not reliably increase. In the second experiment, hypermnesia was observed even when eyewitness memory was degraded by delaying the initial interview until a week after the witness viewed the crime. In a third study, which employed a multiple-choice questioning procedure, subjects exhibited neither hypermnesia nor heightened incorrect responding. Discussion centres on possible factors influencing the hypermnesia effect and implications of the present research for theory on hypermnesia.
Refining Personality Assessments by Combining MCMI High-Point Profiles and MMPI Codes, Part V: MMPI Code 78/87

This study shows that the addition of MCMI high-point code data to the MMPI 89/98 code type serves to resolve contradictory MMPI descriptors and produces three distinct clusters. These clusters include an interpersonally acting-out group, an interpersonally grandiose group, and an emotionally acting-out group. The results of this study lend further support to the efficacy of combining two objective assessment inventories for the purposes of multiaxial diagnosis as prescribed by the DSM-III.
Modulating the Reactivity of an Organometallic Catalyst via Immobilization on a Spatially Patterned Silica Surface

Spatial patterning of an aminosilica surface improves the catalytic properties of an organometallic catalyst. The distribution of the sites on the surface creates a more accessible metal center. This accessibility, when combined with the steric constraints imparted by the silica surface, not only allows for improved reactivity in ethylene polymerization but also allows the ability to perform novel norbornene−ethylene copolymerizations via a silica-tethered complex.
The “Gradient Effect” in Federal Laboratory‐Industry Technology Transfer Partnerships

Based on data from 229 industry-federal laboratory projects, our research analyzes combinations of technical roles and laboratory characteristics to determine their relation to projects’ effectiveness. The results show increased effectiveness when the combination of technical roles follows a “gradient.” That is, performance is enhanced when the company plays a different technical role than the laboratory, but a role that is only a step away on the basic-applied-development spectrum. Effectiveness diminishes when both the company and the federal laboratory play the same technical role or when the technical roles are far apart on the basic-applied-development spectrum. The results may have general implications for public policy partnerships, suggesting that although partnership effectiveness requires distinctive roles, partner roles should not be so different as to undermine possibilities for coordination and integration.
Sarcoidosis with subcutaneous nodules.

S arcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology most commonly affecting young adults. It frequently presents with intrathoracic, dermatologic, or ophthalmologic involvement. The course and prognosis correlate with the mode of onset [1]. Acute sarcoidosis with fever and hilar lymphadenopathy often resolves spontaneously. The insidious onset of chronic sarcoidosis is usually followed by relentless progression of disease. The diagnosis is based on the appropriate clinico-radiographic findings supported by histologic evidence of non-caseating granulomas in the affected organ system after other infectious or granulomatous diseases are excluded. Since the skin and soft tissue are readily accessible for physical examination and histologic evaluation, it is important to recognize the cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis. These are divlded into specific and non-specific on the basis of whether there is histopathologic evidence of sarcoidal granulomas in the skin lesions. The most common non-specific skin eruption is erythema nodosum, which occurs in 17 percent of patients [2]. Table I lists the reported types of specific cutaneous sarcoidosis. In 1904, Darier and Roussy [3] reported on a patient with sarcoidosis in whom the sole cutaneous manifestation was subcutaneous nodules. Since then, patients with clinical and pathologic evidence of sarcoidosis in the subcutaneous tissue have been diagnosed with the eponym Darier-Roussy sarcoidosis [4--12]. However, this term has also been used for other forms of granulomatous panniculitis. Subsequent reports of DarierRoussy sarcoidosis have included a mixed group of diseases including erythema nodosum, erythema induratum, foreign body granulomas, syphilis, and tuberculosis [5]. The purpose of our report is to describe six new cases of sarcoidosis presenting with subcutaneous nodules. We propose a definition of subcutaneous sarcoidosis that includes subcutaneous nodules with normal overlying epidermis and histologic evidence of non-caseating granulomas in the lesions. We support Vainsencher and Winkelmann's [5] concept that the eponym Darier-Roussy sarcoid has caused confusion and that the term subcutaneous sarcoidosis is a more appropriate one. The clinical course of our patients with this rare type of sarcoid was followed and the prognosis is discussed. It is important to recognize
Analytical capabilities of an inductively coupled plasma Mattauch–Herzog mass spectrometer

Abstract An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) has been coupled to a custom-designed Mattauch–Herzog mass spectrometer, replacing a glow-discharge source used in earlier research. Adaptation to an ICP source required significant modifications to address concerns regarding shielding from RF radiation and coupling between the ICP and mass spectrometer. The detrimental impact of fringing magnetic fields on the earlier performance of the instrument's detector has also been addressed. Current figures of merit utilizing ultrasonic nebulization include sensitivities in the 10 8 –10 9 cps ppm −1 isotope −1 regime and detection limits of 1–500 pg/l (ppq). Isotope-ratio accuracy and precision are 1% relative error and 1–2% relative standard deviation, respectively. Resolving power (5% valley) exceeds 400. Unfortunately, spectral peak shapes are somewhat disappointing and lead to abundance sensitivity values in the 10 3 –10 4 range. Although the instrument is designed for use with a multichannel array detector, all results reported here were obtained in scanning mode to separate limitations of the spectrometer from those of the detector.
Homogenization for inhomogeneous elastic body containing gas bubbles

We consider the homogenization problem for an elastic material which contains a distributed array of gas bubbles in the first part of this research. We assume that the spacing of the holes and their diameters are of the same order of magnitude. The main result is that such a spongy material can be approximated by an elastic material with no holes. In the second part of this work, we extend the results to the elastodynamics. In both cases we derive expressions for the effective moduli of the limiting material.
Should criteria for drug dependence differ across drugs

Aim To examine the pros and cons of using the same diagnostic criteria for dependence across all drugs versus using dependence criteria specific to the drug of interest. Methods A qualitative review of the similarities and differences in nicotine versus alcohol and opiate dependence is used as an example of the utility of using generic versus drug-specific criteria. Results Many scientists implicitly recognize that nicotine dependence is different when they do not include nicotine dependence when studying ‘drug dependence’. Nicotine and alcohol/opiate dependence have many similarities (e.g. both can cause withdrawal). Among the several differences, the most important is that nicotine dependence does not cause acute behavioral impairment. Some of the generic dependence criteria do not apply to nicotine dependence (e.g. giving up activities to use the drug) and some well-validated measures of nicotine dependence (e.g. time to first cigarette) are not included in the generic criteria. Conclusion Empirical tests of the relative utility of generic versus drug-specific criteria are needed.
Pleiotropic soybean mutants defective in both urease isozymes

Two new soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams] loci, designated Eu2 and Eu3, were identified in which ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutation eliminated urease activity. These loci showed no linkage to each other or to the “Sun-Eul” locus described in the accompanying paper (Meyer-Bothling and Polacco 1987). Unlike sun (seed urease-null) mutations those at Eu2 and Eu3 affected both urease isozymes: the embryo-specific (seed) and the ubiquitous (leaf) urease. The eu2/eu2 mutant had no leaf activity and 0.6% normal seed activity. Two mutant Eu3 alleles were recovered, eu3-e1 and Eu3-e3. The eu3-e1/eu3-e1 genotype lacked both activities while Eu3-e3/Eu3-e3 had coordinately reduced leaf (0.1%) and seed (0.1%) activities. Only the Eu3-e3 mutation showed partial dominance, yielding about 5%–10% normal activity for each urease in the heterozygous state. Each homozygous mutant contained normal levels of embryo-specific urease mRNA and protein subunit, both of normal size. However, urease polymerization was aberrant in all three mutants. In all cases where urease could be measured, it was found to be temperature sensitive and, in addition, the embryospecific urease of Eu3-e3/Eu3-e3 had an altered pH dependence. These mutants may be defective in a urease maturation function common to both isozymes as suggested by the normal levels of urease gene product, coordinately (or nearly so) reduced urease isozyme activities, temperature sensitivity in both ureases (Eu3-e3) and the non-linkage of Eu2 and Eu3 to the locus encoding embryo-specific urease (Sun-Eul). Ubiquitous urease activity is reduced in mutant seed coat and callus culture as well as in leaf and cotyledon tissue. No mutant callus utilized urea (5 to 10 nM) as sole nitrogen source. However, all mutant cell lines tolerated normally toxic levels of urea (25 to 250 mM) added to medium containing KNO3/NH4NO3 as nitrogen source. Urea thus may be used in cell culture as a selection agent for phenotypes either lacking or regaining an active ubiquitous urease.
VIP Pipes Up: Neuronal Signals Direct Tubulogenesis

Biological tubes serve as the body's plumbing system, transporting fluids and gases throughout secretory, circulatory, and respiratory organs. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Nedvetsky et al. (2014) find that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secreted by parasympathetic nerves, is a surprising player in directing epithelial tubulogenesis in salivary glands.
THE RADIOMIMETRIC ACTION OF VALINOMYCIN ON THE NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF RAT THYMOCYTES

Abstract : Low concentrations (1.3 x 10 to the minus 10th power to 2.6 x 10 to the minus 10th power M) of the antibiotic valinomycin stimulate cellular respiration and initiate in inorganic phosphate-dependent metabolic reaction which causes the disaggregation of the highly condensed chromatin structures in the nucleus of the unirradiated and irradiated rat thymocyte into a structureless ('pycnotic') nucleoprotein mass. This action of valinomycin can be prevented by 2,4 dinitrophenol or reducing the extracellular inorganic phosphate concentration. The action of valinomycin on the thymocyte very closely resembles that of ionising radiation. Comparison of the known metabolic effects of radiation with those of valinomycin, parathyroid hormone and 2,4 dinitrophenol reveals a characteristic metabolic pattern which can explain the loss of nuclear structure in irradiated thymocytes. (Author)
Recruiting Faculty: Dovetailing Pharmaceutical and Clinical Scientists Into Our Colleges and Schools

Perhaps as academicians, we can learn something from carpenters who utilize dovetail joints in fine cabinetry. The dovetail joint is considered one of the most perfected forms for joining 2 pieces of wood at different angles such that the interlocking “pins and tails” support each other to achieve the strongest, most permanent bond possible.1 It would seem we should consider methods to “dovetail” the connections of those pharmaceutical scientists who elect to join the academy with our colleges/schools and our universities. The difficulties recruiting and retaining faculty members continue to be a frustration and a frequent topic of discussions in our schools and colleges. The 2007-2008 Joint Council of Deans/Council of Faculties Task Force on Faculty Workforce was charged to assess mechanisms like novel compensation packages, alternative faculty appointments, and other programs to enhance the applicant pool and retain faculty members. It is reassuring that this issue is now a discussion topic in our sister professional organizations such as the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education (AFPE), the American Pharmacists Association (APhA), the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), who recognize the importance and necessity for faculty members to educate the next generation of practitioners, clinical scientists, and pharmaceutical scientists. Furthermore, it is encouraging that we are all working collaboratively to address the current and future faculty shortages.
The effect of critical thinking instruction on verbal descriptions of music

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of critical thinking instruction on music listening skills of fifth-grade students as measured by written responses to music listening. The researcher compared instruction that included opportunities for critical thinking (Critical Thinking Instruction, CTI) with parallel instruction without critical thinking opportunities (Activity-Based Instruction, ABI). The same music teacher delivered both instructional treatments concurrently in a series of sixteen, forty-five minute classroom lessons. Two randomly-assigned, intact classes of participants (n = 41 and 40) comprised the CTI and ABI treatment groups, respectively. Three independent judges scored participants’ pretest and posttest responses using a researcher-designed instrument. Using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), the researcher found a significant test by treatment interaction. The post hoc analysis indicated that while the CTI participants scored higher on the posttest as compared with the pretest, ABI participants demonstrated no significant differences by test. Readers should note the larger than expected standard deviations when considering the positive effects of the CTI treatment . Implications include recommendations for future research and for designing music listening lessons to incorporate critical thinking skills in classroom music instruction.
The experimental study of the differential settling of particles in suspension at high concentrations

Abstract The settling behavior of unflocculated suspensions at high concentrations is discussed, and it is shown experimentally that particle segregation occurs up to a limiting concentration in excess of 30% by volume. At this concentration, segregation ceases and the suspension settles “en masse”. Segregation is illustrated by the formation of multiple boundaries within the suspension which correspond to different particle sizes. The degree of segregation is investigated at various solid concentrations by a technique of sectioning the settled bed at different heights from the surface. A mechanism is proposed to explain the behavior and a better method of assessing slurry behavior is recommended.
Delivery of Interferon-γ by an Adenovirus Vector Blocks Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Reactivation in vitro and in vivo Independent of RNase L and Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

HSV-1 is a significant human pathogen that can result in the loss of sight as a result of episodic reactivation of latent virus from sensory ganglion neurons. In this study the potential efficacy of anti-viral cytokine expression in preventing latent virus reactivation was investigated. Both type I (IFN-β) and type II (IFN-γ) IFN transgene expression following transduction of trigeminal ganglion explant cultures significantly reduced the incident of HSV-1 reactivation that in the case of IFN-β was dependent on the presence of double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase and RNase L. In vivo, expression of the IFN-γ but not IFN-β transgene significantly delayed and reduced the frequency of reactivation of latent mice exposed to UV light without discernable inflammation. This result is the first report that demonstrates the ability to block reactivation using an ectopic cytokine expression system and warrants further exploration as a means to prevent HSV-1 reactivation.
WITHDRAWN: Intracranial Sinus Thrombosis in Anorexia Nervosa.

The editorial office and authors have requested that this article be withdrawn due to additional information discovered regarding the patient in which the article was written. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
Prices and demand: New evidence from micro data

Abstract Micro-level demand studies typically do not have price information. As an approximation, it is frequently assumed that households face the same set of prices at a given point in time, and these prices are taken to be national indexes such as implicit price deflators in the national accounts. I find that this source of measurement error leads to severely distorted estimates of demand parameters.
Analysis of the Near-IR Spectrum of Saturn: A Comprehensive Radiative Transfer Model of Its Middle and Upper Troposphere

Spectra from 1.7 to 3.3 μm acquired at the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory include two of Saturn's near-IR atmospheric transmission windows that are at least partially obscured by telluric H2O and CO2absorptions at ground-based telescopes. This entire spectral region was fitted to a model that included gaseous absorption by H2, CH4, NH3, and PH3and the effects of multiple scattering by haze. The objectives were to determine accurate elemental abundance ratios (e.g., C/H, P/H, etc.) and to characterize the size, distribution, and composition of the haze particles in Saturn's atmosphere. The results for C/H and P/H are 8.5 × 10−4and 4.3 × 10−7, respectively. No evidence of gaseous NH3was found. The upper limit to the NH3mixing ratio at Saturn's radiative-convective boundary is ≊10−9. Ammonia is decidedly undersaturated at atmospheric pressures lower than ≊1 bar. The upper limit to gaseous NH3at 3 μm is extremely low compared to detected amounts derived from observations at visible, mid-IR, and microwave wavelengths. These differences can be reconciled on the basis of different mechanisms for spectral line formation in these disparate spectral regions. A search for solid phase NH3was also negative. From thermochemical arguments it has been widely assumed that NH3ice crystals comprise the upper clouds on Saturn, although no incontrovertible spectroscopic proof has ever been presented. Strong bands of solid NH3at 3 μm therefore offer an important test of this assumption. Saturn's observed spectrum was placed on an absolute reflectivity scale which then could be compared with synthesized spectra of candidate haze particles. The calculations demonstrated that the reflectances of pure, polydisperse NH3ice crystals with effective radii ranging from 0.1 to 2.25 μm are not compatible with Saturn's 3-μm spectrum. A reasonable fit to Saturn's continuum spectrum can only be achieved by usingbright, micron-sized scattering haze particles mixed in with H2, CH4, and PH3in Saturn's middle and upper troposphere.
Report on the vitamin D status of adult and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its significance for bone health and disease

Vitamin D is a hormone responsible for calcium homeostasis and essential for bone mineralization throughout the lifespan. Recent studies revealed a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among healthy adults and children, especially in the northern hemisphere, and a link between this condition and suboptimal bone health. Moreover, maintenance of what are today considered optimal vitamin D stores has not been achieved throughout the year with currently recommended daily intake for vitamin D. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is even higher among adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a situation that may be caused by malabsorption and gastrointestinal losses through an inflamed intestine, among other factors. In children with IBD, existing reports of vitamin D status are scarce. The relationship between vitamin D status and bone health, although well-established in healthy adults and children, has been controversial among adults and children with IBD, and the reasons for this have not been investigated to date. Studies in animal models of colitis and in vitro human studies support a role of vitamin D in the regulation of the immune system of the gut and the potential of vitamin D and its derivatives as therapeutic adjuncts in the treatment of IBD. This role of vitamin D has not been investigated with translational studies to date. Currently, there are no guidelines for monitoring vitamin D status, treating hypovitaminosis D, and maintaining optimal vitamin D stores in patients with IBD. These tasks may prove particularly difficult because of malabsorption and gastrointestinal losses that are associated with IBD.
In-Service Response of an Orthotropic Steel Deck Compared with Design Assumptions

To minimize the possibility of fatigue cracking on the new orthotropic deck of the Williamsburg Bridge, laboratory tests with a full-scale prototype panel were conducted. During the study, recommendations for improving fatigue resistance of the welded rib-diaphragm connection detail were made before construction. In addition, load testing and long-term remote monitoring of the orthotropic deck were conducted. The field data suggest that actual truckloads are greater than the standard truckloads assumed in the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifications. They also suggest that modifications to the fatigue design of deck elements may be required because the maximum stress range exceeds twice the stress range provided by the fatigue truck (i.e., twice the fatigue truck assumed by the AASHTO LRFD Specifications).
Understanding the impact of visual quality parameters on activities in immersive systems

Tele-immersive systems enable 3D interactive experience in a virtual space by bringing together objects born in physical and virtual reality environments that are geographically distributed. The immersive and interactive experiences are achieved by fusing real-time color plus depth video of physical scenes from multiple stereo cameras, displaying 3D reconstructions of physical and virtual objects, and tracking intersections of objects in a virtual space to facilitate interactions between objects. While tele-immersive (TI) systems have been attracting a lot of attention these days as a possible advancement of the current 2D video-based communication systems and of the virtual reality spaces, the challenges lie in limited resources available to satisfy the many requirements on a usable TI system. One of the TI challenges remains the quality of real-time 3D reconstruction of physical scenes. Our work is motivated by the lack of understanding of the importance of various TI system parameters on the quality which is critical for allocating limited resources to make TI systems useful. This paper investigates the impact of different quality parameters of TI systems on accuracy and speed of task executions in TI environments. We have designed a task of moving a virtual ball from an initial center position to a basketball basket close to top in a closed virtual cuboid space. Successful completion of the task involves localization, orientation and motion coordination for a human in TI environment. We report quantitative and qualitative measurements collected during task executions under simulated variations of 3D reconstruction quality parameters. Based on our experimental results with 29 subjects under 13 quality variations, we concluded that the most important parameter is the frame rate followed by the presence of of a human rendering rather than just an avatar representation of hands.
Mixed effects logistic regression models for multiple longitudinal binary functional limitation responses with informative drop-out and confounding by baseline outcomes.

Dans le contexte de l'analyse des reponses longitudinales multiples a limitation fonctionnelle de l'etude longitudinale de vieillissement (LSOA), nous examinons l'heterogeneite de ces reponses liee aleurs associations avec le statut fonctionnel precedent et d'autres facteurs de risque, en presence de perdus de vue informatifs et de facteurs de confusion dans le niveau de base des reponses. Nous adaptons la nature longitudinale des reponses multiples avec une extension unique du modele logistique a effets aleatoires emboites unique du modele logistique a effets aleatoires emboites avec une structure autoregressive, ce qui permet d'introduire les composantes des perdus de vue et des reponses de base, avec des effets aleatoires partages. L'estimation des base, avec des effets aleatoires partages, L'estimation des effets fixes et des composantes de la variance est obtenue par maximisation de la vraisemblance a l'aide d'integration munerique. Ce modele de parametres partages suppose que les perdus de vue sont conditionnellement independants des reponses multiples a limitation fonctionnelles sachant l'effet reponses multiples a limitation fonctionnelles sachant l'effet aleatoire sous-jacent representant la trajectoire individuelle du statut fonctionnel an cours du temps. Tandis qu'il n'est pas possible d'evaluer totalement l'adequation de cette hypothese. nous evaluons la robustesse de cette approche en modifiant les hypotheses sous-jacentes du modele propose telles que la structure des effets aleatoire, la composante des perdus de vue, et l'omission des reponses fonctionnelles de bases comme variables dependantes dans le modele. L'heterogeneite parmi les associations entre chaque reponse a limitation fonctionnelle et un ensemble de facteurs de risque de la limitation fonctionnelle, telles que la limitation fonctionnelle precedente et l'activite physique, existe dans notre jeu de donnees (LSOA). On observe moins d'heterogeneite parmi les estimations des composantes de la variance des effets aleatoires au niveau temps qui peuvent varier entre les reponses fonctionnelles et le temps. Nous notons aussi que sous l'hypothese d'une structure autoregressive, des biais sont observes si l'on omet la composante de la reponse de base liee a la composante du suivie de la reponse par des effets aleatoires au niveau individuel.
Coherence measurements in synthetic turbulent boundary layers

Synthetic turbulent boundary layers were constructed on a flat plate by generating systematic moving patterns of turbulent spots in a laminar flow. The experiments were carried out in a wind tunnel at a Reynolds number based on plate length of 1.7 × 10^6. Spots were generated periodically in space and time near the leading edge to form a regular hexagonal pattern. The disturbance mechanism was a camshaft that displaced small pins momentarily into the laminar flow at frequencies up to 80 Hz. The main instrumentation was a rake of 24 single hot wires placed across the flow in a line parallel to the surface. The main measured variable was local intermittency; i.e. the probability of observing turbulent flow at a particular point in space and time. The results are reported in numerous (x, z, t)-diagrams showing the evolution of various synthetic flows along the plate. The dimensionless celerity or phase velocity of the large eddies was found to be very nearly 0.88, independent of eddy scale. All patterns with sufficiently small scales eventually showed loss of coherence as they moved downstream. A novel phenomenon called eddy transposition was observed in several flows that contained appreciable laminar regions. The original large eddies were replaced by new eddies at new positions, intermediate to the original ones, while preserving the hexagonal pattern. The present results, together with some empirical properties of a turbulent spot, were used to estimate the best choice of scales for constructing a synthetic boundary layer suitable for detailed study as a model for a natural flow. The values recommended are: spanwise period/thickness ≈ 2.5, streamwise period/thickness ≈ 8.0.
Silica aerogel and boric acid against cockroaches: External and internal action

Abstract American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), and German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), ingested large quantities of powder (silica aerogel and boric acid) in the process of preening their appendages. Their crops were greatly distended by the powder, but the denticles of the armarium of the proventriculus permitted the movement of only very small quantities of silica aerogel into the remainder of the alimentary tract. Boric acid likewise passed the armarium in very small quantities and apparently only in solution. There was no significant difference in the rate of mortality of both species of cockroaches confined with deposits of silica aerogel SG-68, whether their mouthparts were sealed with paraffin wax or left unsealed. Ingested powder did not increase the rate of water loss. Cockroaches with unsealed mouthparts died more rapidly on deposits of boric acid than those with sealed mouthparts, as might be expected of a toxic compound. However, cockroaches with sealed mouthparts were strikingly affected by boric acid, indicating cuticular penetration by that compound. Penetration within the integument, in the gross body contents, in the alimentary tract, and in the feces was confirmed by a boric acid flame test.
The three-dimensional computer: A multiplane array processor

Abstract This paper describes a parallel processor whose principal features are a set of primary memory planes, arithmetic-logic planes and input-output planes arranged to form a three-dimensional structure. The memory planes are also used for data manipulation but not for arithmetic operations. Data manipulations and input-output operations can be significantly overlapped. Control, necessary language translation and non-parallel functions are performed by a general purpose supervisory machine which is interfaced with the 3-D structure.
School-aged children exhibit domain-specific responses to biological motion

Abstract Prior studies have implicated the superior temporal sulcus region for processing various types of biological motion in children and adults. However, no previous research in children compared this activity to that involved in coherent, meaningful, non-biological motion perception to show specificity for biological motion processing. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore which brain regions were specific for biological motion in 7- to 10-year-old children. We compared brain activity in response to biological motion by a biological figure (a walking human); biological motion by a non-biological figure (a walking robot); disorganized, non-biological motion by a disjointed mechanical figure; and organized, non-biological motion by a grandfather clock. We identified a network of brain regions that had a greater response evoked by biological than by non-biological motion, including the superior temporal sulcus and mirror neuron regions. Additionally, we found a developm...
Using Representations: Comprehension and Production of Actions with Imagined Objects

Previous research suggests that young children have difficulty producing actions with imagined objects (pantomimes): They frequently substitute a body part to represent the object involved in the action. This response has also been observed in neurologically impaired adults. Study 1 examined the comprehension and production of pantomimes in 3- and 5-year-old children and normal adults to explore further this aspect of representational ability. Results indicate that young children not only have difficulty producing imaginary object representations in contrast to normal adults, they also have difficulty comprehending imaginary object representations and are better at comprehending pantomimes with a body part representation. The results from the pantomime comprehension task were replicated in Study 2 with 3- and 4-year-olds. These findings are discussed in the context of the development of representational ability as children demonstrate increasing independence from concrete environmental support in their knowledge about actions.
Glucocorticoids are Required for Food Deprivation-Induced Increases in Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y Expression

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36 amino-acid peptide found within the hypothalamus, is thought to be an important regulator of food intake. Hypothalamic NPY gene expression, synthesis and secretion are all known to be increased in models of increased metabolic demand in which serum glucocorticoids are also elevated. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that glucocorticoids are required for increased hypothalamic preproNPY mRNA levels induced by food deprivation (FD). First, animals underwent bilateral sham-adrenalectomy (sham) or not (control), and were subjected to 72 h FD, or not. Total RNA was isolated from hypothalamic tissue blocks and the content of preproNPY mRNA was measured by solution hybridization/RNase protection analysis. This study revealed that there was no significant difference in hypothalamic preproNPY mRNA content between shamfed and control-fed groups, or between sham-FD and control-FD groups. In the second experiment, animals underwent bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX), were allowed to feed ad libitum and were sacrificed 1 day, 4 days and 7 days after ADX. Nuclease protection analysis revealed no significant effect of ADX on hypothalamic preproNPY mRNA levels over this time-course. Finally, we examined the role of glucocorticoids in regulating NPY gene expression following FD. Animals underwent bilateral ADX, or not. At the time of surgery, ADX animals received placebo, or corticosterone (B) replacement in the form of constant release pellets, at one of two doses. Food was removed from half of the animals in each group 24 h after surgery; all animals were sacrificed 72 h thereafter. There was no difference in preproNPY mRNA content between the ADX-FD and ADX-fed groups, relative to the fed controls. Replacement with corticosterone [ADX(B)] did not alter preproNPY mRNA content in fed animals, however preproNPY mRNA content in FD animals was increased 2.5-fold. These studies demonstrate that glucocorticoids are necessary and serve a stimulatory role in the increase in hypothalamic preproNPY mRNA levels observed under conditions of FD, and suggest that hypothalamic NPY gene expression may be directly responsive to peripheral metabolic and hormonal signals.