cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overseeing res publica

This article examines a simile preserved in the fragmentary book 5 of Cicero9s De Re Publica , which figures the ideal statesman ( rector rei publicae ) in terms of a farm bailiff ( vilicus ) and a household steward ( dispensator ). Through a philological, philosophical, and socio-cultural explication of these similes and their context within De Re Publica , this article argues that Cicero draws upon Greek philosophical treatments of household and political relations and reworks traditional Roman political ideology so as to refigure the conceptual relationship between the statesman and the state: from the farmer of res publica to its subservient, yet still overseeing, bailiff. By casting the ideal statesman in the decidedly servile role of a public bailiff, Cicero subordinates his statesman to res publica , yet also empowers him to act as its jurisprudential overseer, and this change marks a significant and perhaps strikingly original contribution to Roman political thought.
Cinacalcet-associated severe hypocalcemia resulting in torsades de pointes and cardiac arrest: a case for caution.

To the Editor: Mineral and bone disorders such as secondary hyperparathyroidism are common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [1]. The calcimemetic, cinacalcet hydrochloride, is a calcium-sensing receptor agonist that is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with ESRD on dialysis. Here, we present a case of torsades de pointes and cardiac arrest and discuss the association with severe hypocalcemia induced by cinacalcet.
Accessioning College and University Publications: A Case Study

Appraisal of printed and duplicated materials is an obvious primary responsibility of college and university archivists. Even after a sound appraisal of the long-term value of the publications has been made, however, the archivist faces another important decision. He must determine how best to obtain and accession those publications chosen for archival retention. Essentially two alternative methods are available. The first, based on traditional archival practice, is to establish schedules for periodic transfers of series of publications from the publishing office to the archives. The second is to collect current publications piecemeal through the use of a mailing list or by agreement with the publishing office. Most archivists would agree that the use of systematic records schedules offers a tested, practical method for acquiring many types of materials. On the other hand, college publishing offices often are unwilling or unable to preserve orderly series of publications. By the time the archivist discovers this problem, the publications may be scarce or unavailable. With this in mind, compelling arguments can be made for acquisition of current publications. Why should the archivist not preserve a valuable current record when it is abundant, rather than waiting until it becomes scarce? Will the archivist
Biochemical changes in mouse lung concomitant with influenza virus infection.

Summary1. Mouse lung tissue possesses the capacity to oxidize several of the naturally occurring compounds which are capable of undergoing oxidative decomposition and giving rise to energy-yielding mechanisms. Under the limiting conditions of these exploratory experiments, the presence of a Type A, PR8 influenza virus infection in this tissue does not appear to alter, to a significant degree, these oxidative reactions. 2. Influenza infection appears to increase the capacity of host lung tissue to metabolize several compounds concerned in nucleic acid metabolism. Whether this phenomenon is indicative of cellular breakdown incidental to the viral infectious process or whether it represents an “active” degradation of specific molecules consequent to virus synthesis is still to be determined. 3. Xanthine oxidase appears to play a central role in the in vitro purine metabolism of mouse lung; the activity of this enzyme is increased in the infected tissue. The increment and decrement periods of virus proliferat...
On the College "Psychological Poverty" Phenomenon and its Countermeasures

China's colleges and universities have been in the expansion for several years,a lot of questions gradually emerged.China's education has been challenged,one of life education,psychological poverty has become a new topic,and has attracted most educators' attention.
Platelet and granulocyte transfusion therapy.

Low platelet and granulocyte counts, due to the myelosuppressive effects of disease or chemotherapy, are associated with increased likelihood of hemorrhage and infection. With the use of newly developed techniques of collecting and transfusing these blood components, morbidity and mortality have been reduced. Adverse effects in donors have been few.
Hypertension in Childhood from Renal Vein Thrombosis

A case is presented of a 1-year-old boy with hypertension resulting from abnormal renin production by the right kidney. The kidney had undergone infarction and atrophy secondary to renal vein thrombosis. The left kidney remained normal despite inferior vena cava thrombosis because of the development of collateral venous circulation. The hypertension was cured by right nephrectomy. The child remains normotensive and with a normal serum creatinine at 1-year followup.
Exploring the Double Jeopardy Effect: The Importance of Gender and Race in Work–Family Research

The demographics of the American workforce shifted considerably throughout the last several decades, most notably reflected in the increasing number of women employed outside the home. Researchers from a wide range of disciplines thus examined issues related to women’s involvement in the workplace, including their work-family conflict. One emergent criticism of work-family research, however, is that extant research tends to emphasize work-family experiences of professional white women, while women of color are largely overlooked. Whereby some suggest that all women remain disadvantaged in the workplace (Hakim, 2004), women of color are often in “double jeopardy” for belonging to two disadvantaged status categories of gender and race (King, 1988). Thus it is reasonable to suspect that the work-family experiences of women of color are substantially different from professional white women. The goal of our chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of work-family experiences of women of color. We first discuss embracing a multiple identities’ approach (i.e., the intersection of gender and race). We then review the role of gender and the role of race/ethnicity in work-family research. Using national labor force data, we then compare descriptive variables of white women to women of color to identify how their needs and resources differ. Finally, we discuss methodological considerations and research suggestions to guide future scholars’ work within the work-family area.
Empirical Study of Domain Adaptation Algorithms on the Task of Splice Site Prediction

Many biological problems that rely on machine learning do not have enough labeled data to use a classic classifier. To address this, we propose two domain adaptation algorithms, derived from the multinomial naive Bayes classifier, that leverage the large corpus of labeled data from a similar, well-studied organism (the source domain), in conjunction with the unlabeled and some labeled data from an organism of interest (the target domain). When evaluated on the splice site prediction, a difficult and essential step in gene prediction, they correctly classified instances with highest average area under precision-recall curve (auPRC) values between 18.46 % and 78.01 %. We show that the algorithms learned meaningful patterns by evaluating them on shuffled instances and labels. Then we used one of the algorithms in an ensemble setting and produced even better results when there is not much labeled data or the domains are distantly related.
High Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy as an in Vivo Tool for Following the Zinc-Selenium Interaction

The interaction between zinc and selenium has been demonstrated by the increased incidence of acute selenium deficiency disetses when animals on low selenium diets are fed supplemental zinc. Jensen1 demonstrated this effect in chicks fed 2100 ppm or 4100 ppm zinc sulfate, added to a basal diet containing 100 ppm zinc and 0.2 ppm selenium, with adequate vitamin E. He reported an increase in mortality due to increased prevalence of muscular dystrophy and exudative diathesis. Whanger2 also found that adding zinc carbonate at 6000 ppm to a selenium and vitamin E deficient diet resulted in the promotion of liver necrosis. This was observed in rats when the dam and young were placed on the selenium-vitamin E deficient diet at 7 days, and the young were placed on the zinc carbonate treatment at 21 days. At a much lower level of added zinc (200 ppm in drinking water) Schrauzer3 was able to demonstrate a zinc-selenium interaction by following the incidence of spontaneously occurring mammary tumors in C3H mice. He found the protective effect afforded by selenium, as seen by a decreased incidence of tumors, could be antagonized by zinc.
Jackson’s Theorem in Higher Dimensions

The classical theorems of D. Jackson extend the Weiergtrass approximation theorem by-giving quantitative information on the degree of approximation to a continuous function in terms of its smoothness. Specifically, Jackson proved
Effect of metal ions and petrochemicals on bioremediation of chlorpyrifos in aerobic sequencing batch bioreactor (ASBR).

Application of chlorpyrifos (CP) has increased its environmental concentration. Increasing CP concentration has increased chances of adverse health effects. Its removal from environment has attained researcher’s attention. CP degrading bacterial strains were isolated from wastewater and agricultural soil. Finally, selected five bacterial strains were identified using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis as Pseudomonas kilonensis SRK1, Serratia marcescens SRK2, Bacillus pumilus SRK4, Achromobacter xylosoxidans SRK5, and Klebsiella sp. T13. Interaction studies among bacterial strains demonstrated possibility for development of five membered bacterial consortium. Biodegradation potential of bacterial consortium was investigated in the presence of petrochemicals and trace metals. About 98 % CP removal was observed in sequencing batch reactors at inoculum level, 10 %; pH, 7; CP concentration, 400 mgL−1, and HRT, 48 h. Experimental data has shown an excellent fit to first order growth model. Among all petrochemicals only toluene (in low concentration) has stimulatory effect on biodegradation of CP. Addition of petrochemicals (benzene, toluene, and xylene) in high concentration (100 mg L−1) inhibited bacterial activity and decreased CP removal. At low concentration i.e., 1 mg L−1 of inorganic contaminants (Cu, Hg, and Zn) >96 % degradation was observed. Addition of Cu(II) in low concentration has stimulated CP removal efficiency. Hg(II) in all concentrations has strongly inhibited biodegradation rate except at 1 mgL−1. In simulated pesticide, wastewater CP removal efficiency decreased to 77.5 %. Outcomes of study showed that both type and concentration of petrochemicals and trace metals influenced biodegradation of CP.
Clustering Nonlinear, Nonstationary Time Series Using BSLEX

Accurate clustering of time series is a challenging problem for data arising from areas such as financial markets, biomedical studies, and environmental sciences, especially when some, or all, of the series exhibit nonlinearity and nonstationarity. When a subset of the series exhibits nonlinear characteristics, frequency domain clustering methods based on higher-order spectral properties, such as the bispectra or trispectra are useful. While these methods address nonlinearity, they rely on the assumption of series stationarity. We propose the Bispectral Smooth Localized Complex EXponential (BSLEX) approach for clustering nonlinear and nonstationary time series. BSLEX is an extension of the SLEX approach for linear, nonstationary series, and overcomes the challenges of both nonlinearity and nonstationarity through smooth partitions of the nonstationary time series into stationary subsets in a dyadic fashion. The performance of the BSLEX approach is illustrated via simulation where several nonstationary or nonlinear time series are clustered, as well as via accurate clustering of the records of 16 seismic events, eight of which are earthquakes and eight are explosions. We illustrate the utility of the approach by clustering S&P 100 financial returns.
Science Funding: Politics and Porkbarrel

(1993). Science Funding: Politics and Porkbarrel. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1314-1315.
A general framework for the regression analysis of pooled biomarker assessments

As a cost-efficient data collection mechanism, the process of assaying pooled biospecimens is becoming increasingly common in epidemiological research; for example, pooling has been proposed for the purpose of evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of biological markers (biomarkers). To this end, several authors have proposed techniques that allow for the analysis of continuous pooled biomarker assessments. Regretfully, most of these techniques proceed under restrictive assumptions, are unable to account for the effects of measurement error, and fail to control for confounding variables. These limitations are understandably attributable to the complex structure that is inherent to measurements taken on pooled specimens. Consequently, in order to provide practitioners with the tools necessary to accurately and efficiently analyze pooled biomarker assessments, herein, a general Monte Carlo maximum likelihood-based procedure is presented. The proposed approach allows for the regression analysis of pooled data under practically all parametric models and can be used to directly account for the effects of measurement error. Through simulation, it is shown that the proposed approach can accurately and efficiently estimate all unknown parameters and is more computational efficient than existing techniques. This new methodology is further illustrated using monocyte chemotactic protein-1 data collected by the Collaborative Perinatal Project in an effort to assess the relationship between this chemokine and the risk of miscarriage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of fibronectin and vitronectin in chronic wound fluid: analysis by cell blotting, immunoblotting, and cell adhesion assays.

We used a combination of cell blotting, immunoblotting, and cell adhesion assays to analyze fibronectin and vitronectin in wound fluid from acute and chronic wounds. Acute wound fluid (e.g., suction blister fluid, mastectomy fluid) contained intact fibronectin and vitronectin as major cell adhesion proteins. In marked contrast, chronic wound fluid samples from three of 11 patients with venous stasis ulcers showed complete degradation of vitronectin and degradation of fibronectin into small molecular mass polypeptides less than 125 kDa. Three of these polypeptides —54, 93, and 125 kDa — were biologically active in promoting cell attachment and were recognized by monoclonal antibodies that bind fibronectin near the arg-gly-asp (RGD) domain. In wound fluid samples from the other eight of 11 patients, only slight degradation of vitronectin and fibronectin occurred, which resulted in a mixture of mostly intact molecules along with large fragments. Intact fibronectin in chronic wound fluid samples contained the ED-A domain, which showed that fibronectin synthesis occurred locally in the wound bed. Wound fluid containing extensively degraded vitronectin and fibronectin reversibly inhibited cell adhesion, and excess fetal bovine serum, but not purified fibronectin, neutralized the inhibitory effect. We suggest that protease activity in some chronic wounds may cause degradation of adhesion proteins and prevent cell adhesion necessary for normal wound closure.
Optical properties of 2D materials: ultrafast dynamics of electrons, holes, excitons, phonons, plasmons, and defects (Conference Presentation)

Two-dimensional atomically thin materials, most notably graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have generated tremendous interest among researchers. The high electron mobility and strong light absorption exhibited by these materials make them attractive for opto-electronic applications. We will present our recent experimental and theoretical work on the ultrafast dynamics of collective excitations, such as excitons, phonons, and plasmons, in these materials for electronic and photonic device applications. We study the dynamics of excitons in 2D materials and optoelectronic devices using ultrafast optical/terahertz pump-probe and correlation spectroscopy. Our experimental work on metal dichalcogenide materials and devices (such as photodetectors) as well as our theoretical results show that defect assisted recombination involving capture of excitons and carriers by Auger scattering is the fastest mechanism for the non-radiative recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes. In particular, the very Coulomb interaction that resulted in the strongly bound excitons in these materials, causes extremely fast capture of the excitons by defects resulting in extremely poor quantum efficiencies in optoelectronic devices. The large sensitivity of device performance to defects is thus fundamental to 2D TMD materials. Defect-passivated 2D materials have demonstrated quantum efficiencies approaching ten percent. Our ultrafast two-pulse photovoltage correlation experiments show that the photoresponse of TMD photodetectors can be very fast making them useful for operation at frequencies in the hundreds of gigahertz range. Our recent experimental work has shown that 2D materials could be very promising for high frequency phononic devices. Our work has shown that mechanical oscillations in these atomically thin membranes can reach terahertz frequencies and are tunable from few tens of gigahertz to almost one terahertz. 2D material membranes can therefore enable MEMs resonator structures with record frequency-quality factor products at these high frequencies. Our ultrafast work in graphene plasmonic structures has revealed enormous potential for graphene based VLSI interconnects in which electrical signals are carried by plasmonic waves with much reduced propagation delays, losses, signal distortions, and cross-talk compared to conventional metal interconnects like copper.
Arab-American and Other Middle Eastern Landscapes

Conflict in the Middle East has prompted the immigration of a variety of Arab and non-Arab populations, including Armenians and Iranians, among others. With the exception of southeastern Michigan where Lebanese immigrants began settling a century ago, few Middle Easterners immigrated to the United States except during the past several decades. The spatial distribution of the nation’s Arab-American population is discussed. This chapter focuses upon the Arab, primarily Lebanese and Yemeni, settlement within the Detroit and New York City metropolitan areas, and it describes the impact of religion (both Islam and Middle Eastern Christianity) and ethnic employment upon the cultural landscape. The chapter also briefly discusses the recent development of ethnic landscapes of other Middle Eastern Moslem immigrants, including Turkish-Americans in the New York City metropolitan area and Bosnian-Americans in St. Louis.
Androgens and Bone: Clinical Aspects

Publisher Summary Androgens have myriad actions on the skeleton throughout life. During adolescence those effects clearly promote skeletal growth and the accumulation of mineral mass, and for many years there has been hope that these anabolic effects will be useful in the prevention and therapy of metabolic bone disease in later life. In fact, the essential nature of the effects of androgens in bone remains uncertain, and the clinical usefulness of androgens is clearly defined in only a few situations. Nevertheless, there is an increasing interest in how the actions of androgens are integrated into the broad scheme of bone metabolism and how those effects can be adapted for prevention and therapy. Clinical studies show that androgen therapy provides benefit for the prevention and therapy of bone loss in hypogonadal men, and added gain may result from increases in muscle strength, particularly in older men at risk for falls. Nevertheless, the potential usefulness of androgen therapy, even in men, remains unclear. Major issues to be clarified include the appropriate criteria for patient selection, the specifics of dosing and drug delivery, the nature of short- and long-term adverse effects, and the impact of therapy on fracture rates. Some of these issues can be clarified only with large-scale intervention trials. Androgens may have usefulness in women as well, but adverse effects loom as a more difficult problem. In both men and women, a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of androgen action in the skeleton may provide means to harness the beneficial effects of androgens without the disadvantages, for instance by the development of compounds with tissue-specific actions.
Probabilistic Power Flow Analysis Using Multidimensional Holomorphic Embedding and Generalized Cumulants

This paper proposes a new analytical probabilistic power flow (PPF) approach for power systems with high penetration of distributed energy resources. The approach solves probability distributions of system variables about operating conditions. Unlike existing analytical PPF algorithms in literature, this new approach preserves nonlinearities of ac power flow equations and retain more accurate tail effects of the probability distributions. The approach first employs a multidimensional holomorphic embedding method to obtain an analytical nonlinear ac power flow solution for concerned outputs such as bus voltages and line flows. The embedded symbolic variables in the analytical solution are the inputs such as power injections. Then, the approach derives cumulants of the outputs by a generalized cumulant method, and recovers their distributions by Gram–Charlier expansions. This PPF approach can accept both parametric and nonparametric distributions of random inputs and their covariances. Case studies on the IEEE 30-bus system validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Hamstring Autograft in ACL Reconstruction: A 13-Year Predictive Analysis of Anthropometric Factors and Surgeon Trends Relating to Graft Size:

Background:Small-diameter autograft hamstring grafts have been linked to graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The frequency of hamstring autografts that actually mee...
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF SOCIOCYBERNETIC SYSTEMS

Abstract Computer simulation of any phenomenon is only as good as the underlying assumptions and theory concerning the phenomenon (Hummon, 1973). Even though social systems theory is as yet quite underdeveloped, there is nevertheless a necessity to simulate such phenomena (Busch, 1978) and great social pressure to begin to do so now. We shall argue that recent developments in sociocybernetics aid in clarifying some of the underlying assumptions necessary to devolop an adequate social systems theory. We shall briefly outline the nature of those developments and their consequences for computer simulation of social systems.
Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Bypass As an Adjunctive Strategy for Resucitation

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is now 50 years old. Although developed originally to allow correction of congenital and valvular heart disease, CPB has affected all of medicine profoundly. As an artificial circulatory support for systemic and pulmonary functions, CPB has allowed for the development of cardiovascular surgery. Today, coronary artery bypass grafting is the most commonly performed cardiac surgery. The current trend is to perform a larger number of more complicated coronary revascularization surgeries “off pump.” However, CPB supported work still accounts for the vast majority of surgeries. The CPB technology has evolved from one with large oxygenators, blood prime, and complex heating and cooling to today’s smaller and less complex technologies.
Microscopic stereological methods to characterize orientation of nonwoven geotextile fibers

Procedures for quantifying the orientation of fibers composing nonwoven geotextiles are presented. These procedures are based upon measurements made at the microscopic scale. Methods for experimentally determining the orientation of fibers within a nonwoven geotextile are presented. The experimental methods require the geotextile to be impregnated with a fluid that will eventually harden and preserve the original geometry of the fibers. Procedures vary from using fluids that use wax to procedures that incorporate fluids that eventually become very hard. Both thick sections and thin microtome sections (5 μm) can be used as the cross section from which orientation of the fibers is determined stereologically. Orientations for the fibers are represented by combining the concepts of probability and three-dimensional orientation tensors. Three-dimensional orientations of the fibers are modelled using second-order and fourth-order orientation tensors. All the necessary parameters can be determined from stereological measurements on three mutually perpendicular planes and are determined from the results of digitizing microscopic cross sections of the geotextile.
Pediatric cochlear implant wear time and early language development

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze spoken language development in the first year of cochlear implant device use for pediatric recipients under five, and to determine the impact of device wear time on receptive and expressive spoken language outcomes using objective datalogging measures.Methods: Retrospective review of 37 children utilizing Cochlear™ processors capable of datalogging, who had completed speech and language testing before implantation and one year post. Hearing Hour Percentage (HHP) was created from datalogging results and two multiple regression analysis were performed including HHP and standard language scores.Results: HHP was found to be a predictor for receptive language outcomes one year after cochlear implant use. HHP was not found to be predictive of expressive language outcomes one year after cochlear implant use.Discussion: Datalogging is a vital objective measure that yields powerful data regarding a child's device use and early receptive spoken language development.Conclusion: In the first year of cochlear implant use, datalogging using the HHP significantly predicted receptive language scores. Increased HHP yielded higher receptive language standard scores. Continued research is needed to see if HHP is predictive of expressive language outcomes after a longer period of cochlear implant use.
Insulin-Dependence Predicts Surgical Complications and Hospital Admission following Knee Arthroscopy.

While prior studies have demonstrated that insulin-dependence is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications, morbidity, and mortality following spine and shoulder, hip, and knee arthroplasty, it has not been evaluated in the setting of knee arthroscopy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the risk of postoperative complications among patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM and NIDDM respectively) with the general population following knee arthroscopy. A retrospective analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program's database for the years 2005 to 2016 was conducted. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between diabetic status and outcomes. Multivariate models were established to adjust for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking status, American Society of Anesthesiology classification, and functional status. A total of 86,023 patients were identified. Patients with IDDM were at a much higher risk of surgical complications (odds ratio [OR]: 2.186, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.226–1.157), including deep infections (OR: 3.082, 95% CI: 1.753–5.419) and return to operating room [OR] (OR: 1.933, 95% CI: 1.280–2.919), as well as unplanned hospital admission (OR: 1.770, 95% CI: 1.289–2.431). However, NIDDM was not an independent risk factor for subsequent medical or surgical complications, unplanned hospital admission, or 30-day mortality. Patients with IDDM were much more likely to have surgical complications, including deep infection and return to OR, as well as unplanned hospital admission following knee arthroscopy. These risks diminished among those with NIDDM, with their adjusted risk profiles comparable to those without diabetes. Since diabetes occurs in a heterogenous state, more weight should be given to those with insulin-dependence when risk-stratifying patients for surgery. This is a Level III, retrospective comparison study.
Survey and analysis of epidemic status of principal human parasitosis in ecological region of Huaiyang hills of Henan Province in 2015

Objective To understand the epidemic status of principal human parasitosis in the ecological region of Huaiyang hills of Henan Province. Methods According to the scheme of The 3rd National Survey of Principal Human Parasites made by National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, the survey was performed based on the ecological regions. The stratified cluster sampling was made combined with the economic and geographical conditions. The infections of intestinal helminths and protozoans in permanent residents were respectively detected by Kato-Kats technique and iodine solution. Trichuris trichiura infection was detected by the cellophane swab method in children aged 3 to 6 years. Results Totally 6 710 residents in 26 survey spots from 9 counties were detected, in which 528 children aged 3 to 6 years were detected for T. trichiura infection. Eleven kinds of parasites were found in this survey, including 5 species of helminthes and 6 species of protozoans. The infection rates of overall parasites, helminthes and protozoans were respectively 1.65%, 1.07% and 0.61%. The infection rate of T. trichiura in the children aged 3 to 6 years was 3.79%. Only 0.10 percent of the infections were co-infection, and all were infected by 2 kinds of parasites. The principal parasites in this district were Ascaris lumbricoides (0.31%), Blastocystis hominis (0.28%) and hookworm (0.27%). The T. trichiura infection rate among children was 3.79% by the cellophane swab method. The infections of protozoans were found in all age groups. In the group aged 9 years and below, the maximum kinds of parasites were found. Conclusions The infection rates of principal human parasites in Huaiyang hilly ecological region of Henan have decreased sharply, but more efforts still should be paid on the prevention and control of parasitosis in children.
JA:2021-6. Effectiveness of a Low-cost Intervention: Changes to Cytokines and Microbiome among Bioaerosol Exposed Dairy Workers

Purpose: Livestock workers experience an increased burden of bioaerosol-induced respiratory disease. We have previously demonstrated that dairy operations generate bioaerosols spanning the inhalabl...
“They Steal Our Work”: Wage Theft and the Criminalization of Immigrant Day Laborers in Colorado, USA

Latino immigrant day laborers are among the most vulnerable populations in the USA, frequently subject to work-related abuses such as wage theft in violation of federal and state labor laws. Despite legal reforms to facilitate wage recovery for low-wage workers and to recognize wage theft as a crime, this article draws on over two years of community-based research to show how day laborers face challenges mobilizing their legal rights and holding employers accountable for the crimes they suffer owing to their own criminalization and devaluation in US society. Contributing to harms-based approaches in critical criminology, it explores how individual legal remedies or criminal justice responses can risk obscuring the ways that wage theft is embedded along a continuum of legal and illegal exploitative labor practices that are normalized and maintained by the broader degradation of work and the criminalization of immigration.
Reporting the Community Beat: Practices for Moderating Online Discussion at a News Website

Due to challenges around low-quality comments and misinformation, many news outlets have opted to turn off commenting features on their websites. The New York Times (NYT), on the other hand, has continued to scale up its online discussion resources to reach large audiences. Through interviews with the NYT moderation team, we present examples of how moderators manage the first ~24 hours of online discussion after a story breaks, while balancing concerns about journalistic credibility. We discuss how managing comments at the NYT is not merely a matter of content regulation, but can involve reporting from the "community beat" to recognize emerging topics and synthesize the multiple perspectives in a discussion to promote community. We discuss how other news organizations---including those lacking moderation resources---might appropriate the strategies and decisions offered by the NYT. Future research should investigate strategies to share and update the information generated about topics in the news through the course of content moderation.
Roles for the endocannabinoid system in ethanol-motivated behavior

Alcohol use disorder represents a significant human health problem that leads to substantial loss of human life and financial cost to society. Currently available treatment options do not adequately address this human health problem, and thus, additional therapies are desperately needed. The endocannabinoid system has been shown, using animal models, to modulate ethanol-motivated behavior, and it has also been demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure can have potentially long-lasting effects on the endocannabinoid system. For example, chronic exposure to ethanol, in either cell culture or preclinical rodent models, causes an increase in endocannabinoid levels that results in down-regulation of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and uncoupling of this receptor from downstream G protein signaling pathways. Using positron emission tomography (PET), similar down-regulation of CB1 has been noted in multiple regions of the brain in human alcoholic patients. In rodents, treatment with the CB1 inverse agonist SR141716A (Rimonabant), or genetic deletion of CB1 leads to a reduction in voluntary ethanol drinking, ethanol-stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, operant self-administration of ethanol, sensitization to the locomotor effects of ethanol, and reinstatement/relapse of ethanol-motivated behavior. Although the clinical utility of Rimonabant or other antagonists/inverse agonists for CB1 is limited due to negative neuropsychiatric side effects, negative allosteric modulators of CB1 and inhibitors of endocannabinoid catabolism represent therapeutic targets worthy of additional examination.
Incorporating Standardized Colleague Simulations in a Clinical Assessment Course and Evaluating the Impact on Interprofessional Communication.

Objective. To determine the impact of incorporating standardized colleague simulations on pharmacy students’ confidence and interprofessional communication skills.Design. Four simulations using standardized colleagues portraying attending physicians in inpatient and outpatient settings were integrated into a required course. Pharmacy students interacted with the standardized colleagues using the Situation, Background, Assessment, Request/Recommendation (SBAR) communication technique and were evaluated on providing recommendations while on simulated inpatient rounds and in an outpatient clinic. Additionally, changes in student attitudes and confidence toward interprofessional communication were assessed with a survey before and after the standardized colleague simulations.Assessment. One hundred seventy-one pharmacy students participated in the simulations. Student interprofessional communication skills improved after each simulation. Student confidence with interprofessional communication in both inpatien...
SIF: enforcing confidentiality and integrity in web applications

SIF (Servlet Information Flow) is a novel software framework for building high-assurance web applications, using language-based information-flow control to enforce security. Explicit, end-to-end confidentiality and integrity policies can be given either as compile-time program annotations, or as run-time user requirements. Compile-time and run-time checking efficiently enforce these policies. Information flow analysis is known to be useful against SQL injection and cross-site scripting, but SIF prevents inappropriate use of information more generally: the flow of confidential information to clients is controlled, as is the flow of low-integrity information from clients. Expressive policies allow users and application providers to protect information from one another. SIF moves trust out of the web application, and into the framework and compiler. This provides application deployers with stronger security assurance. Language-based information flow promises cheap, strong information security. But until now, it could not effectively enforce information security in highly dynamic applications. To build SIF, we developed new language features that make it possible to write realistic web applications. Increased assurance is obtained with modest enforcement overhead.
Contextual Modulation in Primary Visual Cortex of Macaques

Recent studies have suggested that V1 neurons extract figures from their backgrounds, in that they respond better to interior features of figures than to equivalent features of background stimuli. This is reportedly true even when the figure boundaries are distant from the borders of the classical receptive field (RF). To test the role of V1 neurons in figure-ground segregation, we recorded their responses to texture figures on texture backgrounds, centered on the RF. The texture elements of the figures remained identical across trials, and figure boundaries were defined by orientation differences between the elements in the background texture relative to elements in the figure. For nearly all neurons (98/102), responses to a large texture figure did not differ from the responses to a uniform-texture background. Although many neurons gave enhanced responses to texture boundaries, this occurred only when the boundaries were within or close to the RF borders. Similar effects were found in V2. For neurons in V1, the limited spatial extent of the contextual modulation was not increased either at low stimulus contrast or when the animal was rewarded for detecting an orientation-defined figure. Thus, V1 neurons appear to signal texture boundaries rather than figures per se. Unexpectedly, many V1 neurons gave significant long-latency responses to texture stimuli located entirely outside the classical RF, up to 5° from the RF border in some cases. However, these responses did not depend on the stimulus forming a figure that contained the RF. Although V1 neurons are influenced by stimuli outside the classical RF, they do not appear to segregate figures from ground.
Technology forecasting of digital single-lens reflex camera market: The impact of segmentation in TFDEA

With the advancement of digital image technology, the big change in the camera market is that digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) have replaced film type single-lens reflex cameras, which have seen very little development lately. This advancement is reflected in some core technologies of DSLRs such as digital image sensors and electronic shutter mechanisms, which have allowed taking photographs even in the toughest conditions. Therefore, as a disruptive technology, the developments in DSLR technologies are worthy of notice. This paper utilizes technology forecast using data envelopment analysis (TFDEA), which is a quantitative forecasting method. In the study, we use input and output data collected from about a hundred DSLRs of the top five currently dominant brands such as Canon, Nikon, Sony, Pentax and Olympus. Final results show future DSLRs' capabilities and provide insight that TFDEA, as a forecasting method, can be applicable to determine market trends of consumer electronics as well as technologies. Furthermore, the results showed that market segmentation provided more reliable and accurate results with lower mean absolute deviation (MAD) value while all camera market approach provided less accurate results with a high standard deviation or MAD value.
Abstract 16651: Right Ventricular Effective Arterial Elastance is a Novel Predictor of Mortality in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Introduction: Patients with combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH) due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) have worse prognosis compared with isolated post-capillary (IpcPH). Because patients with CpcPH usually have more severe PH than IpcPH, it remains unclear if increased mortality is a result of pulmonary vascular pathology or simply due to higher total right ventricular (RV) load. RV effective arterial elastance [Ea; end-systolic pressure (ESP) /stroke volume (SV)] is a measure of total RV afterload, reflecting both resistive and pulsatile components. In PH, ESP is best approximated by systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), and therefore Ea is defined as SPAP/SV. Objectives: To evaluate if RV Ea predicts survival in PH-LHD and whether variables associated with pulmonary vascular pathology (pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), transpulmonary gradient (TPG), diastolic pulmonary gradient (DPG)) are predictors of mortality after controlling for total RV load. Methods: Out of 1236 p...
Ultra broadband fast frequency sweep for polynomial finite element matrix equations using single point model order reduction without linearization

CAD tools that can achieve rapid, accurate simulations of electromagnetic phenomena are in demand. One possible methodology for broadband frequency simulations is model order reduction (MORe). Several MORe techniques have been used for various simulations and they generally fit into one of two categories. In the first category are methods that are very broadband, but they require the matrix equation to be linear in the MORe parameter. The second category includes methods such as asymptotic waveform evaluation. Although these methods admit nonlinear matrix equation variations in the MORe parameter, they are not as broadband as category one methods. Until now, when polynomial matrix equations (such as the quadratic equations commonly encountered in the finite element method) were solved, researchers would either introduce extra degrees of freedom (unknowns) to linearize their equations and use category one methods, or they would use category two methods with multiple, piecewise, small-band, local approximations. We introduce a method which has both the broadband characteristics of category one methods and the nonlinear flexibility of category two methods. We give examples of a bowtie antenna placed on a half-sphere absorber and uniform plane wave scattering from a material cylinder.
The Ecohydrology of a pioneer wetland species and a drastically altered landscape

Vegetation plays a central role in forming and maintaining an ecosystem's physical conditions, which in turn strongly influence vegetation function. These bidirectional feedbacks may be particularly evident during an ecosystem succession following large-scale disturbances. Clay settling areas (CSAs) are large elevated impoundments that receive clay slurry as a by-product of phosphate mining in Florida. As CSAs mature, a limited seed source arrests ecological succession, resulting in the dominance of Salix caroliniana, which is likely further supported by altered abiotic conditions. The dominance of this wetland pioneer species and its interactions with soil and hydrology may largely determine the future ecosystem state. To identify how interactions between groundwater levels, soil water availability, and vegetation response regulate the succession of CSA ecosystems, we measured groundwater levels, vertical soil moisture profiles, soil water potentials, and root biomass allocation and transpiration of S. caroliniana at two sites. Fine soil texture in the CSAs resulted in capillary fringe heights greater than 1 m, which maintained soil moisture near saturation well above the water table. Rooting depths over 1 m in the clay soils provided sufficient water availability, which, along with high residual phosphorus concentrations, explained the dominance and high transpiration rates of S. caroliniana across CSAs. Capillary rise-induced water availability created wetland soil conditions far upgradient from inundated areas, underscoring the role of soil texture in determining wetland extent. The strong coupling between water table and S. caroliniana transpiration, however, suggests that beyond soil development, this pioneer phreatophyte may also drive succession through systematic dewatering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen Receptors Are Identified in the Glioblastoma Cell Line UI38MG

OBJECTIVE:The antiestrogen tamoxifen has been found to be effective in decreasing glioblas toma cell proliferation, but the mechanism underlying this effect and whether it is through the estrogen receptor (ER) is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine whether ERs are present in three human glioblastoma cell lines—HS683, U138MG, and JHN J889H—using the most sensitive techniques available.METHODS: Ligand binding and flow cytometry were employed to identify estrogen and pro gesterone receptors. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify ER mRNA, and a novel reporter gene transfection assay demonstrated that the ER was capable of activating gene transcription.RESULTS: U138MG glioblastoma cells contain ERs that are capable of increasing gene tran scription in response to estradiol. No ERs were found in HS683 or JHN J889H cells.CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen may be acting through the ER in some glioblastoma cells. (J Soc Gynecol Invest 1994;1:238-44)
Bivalent ligands incorporating curcumin and diosgenin as multifunctional compounds against Alzheimer’s disease

In an effort to combat the multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, a series of multifunctional, bivalent compounds containing curcumin and diosgenin were designed, synthesized, and biologically characterized. Screening results in MC65 neuroblastoma cells established that compound 38 with a spacer length of 17 atoms exhibited the highest protective potency with an EC50 of 111.7 ± 9.0 nM. A reduction in protective activity was observed as spacer length was increased up to 28 atoms and there is a clear structural preference for attachment to the methylene carbon between the two carbonyl moieties of curcumin. Further study suggested that antioxidative ability and inhibitory effects on amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) formation may contribute to the neuroprotective outcomes. Additionally, compound 38 was found to bind directly to Aβ, similar to curcumin, but did not form complexes with the common biometals Cu, Fe, and Zn. Altogether, these results give strong evidence to support the bivalent design strategy in developing novel compounds with multifunctional ability for the treatment of AD.
Enhanced endothelin-1- and depolarization-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction following chronic hypoxia require Src family kinases (1089.12)

Chronic hypoxia (CH) augments depolarization-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction through an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/NADPH oxidase (NOX)/Rho kinase (ROK)-dependent Ca2+ sensitization ...