cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Irregularity strength of dense graphs

Let G be a simple graph of order n with no isolated vertices and no isolated edges. For a positive integer w, an assignment f on G is a function f: E(G) → {1, 2,…, w}. For a vertex v, f(v) is defined as the sum f(e) over all edges e of G incident with v. f is called irregular, if all f(v) are distinct. The smallest w for which there exists an irregular assignment on G is called the irregularity strength of G, and it is denoted by s(G). We show that if the minimum degree δ (G) ≥ 10n3-4 log1-4 n, then s(G) ≤ 48 (n-δ) + 6. For these δ, this improves the magnitude of the previous best upper bound of Frieze et al. by a log n factor. It also provides an affirmative answer to a question of Lehel, whether for every ± ∈ (0, 1), there exists a constant c = c( α) such that s(G) ≤ c for every graph G of order n with minimum degree δ(G) ≥ (1 - α)n. Specializing the argument for d-regular graphs with d ≥ 104-3 n2-3 log1-3 n, we prove that s(G) ≤ 48 (n-d) + 6. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 58: 299313, 2008
Balanced Feed-Back Amplifiers

The following paper describes and analyzes mathematically a new principle in amplifier design. It is shown how noise, phase shift, frequency distortion, etc., can be largely eliminated by use of the "balanced feed-back principle" without reduction of the over-all gain of the amplifier. By means of balanced feedback the linear range of an amplifier using ordinary receiving-type tubes has been extended from an upper limit of 600,000 up to 2,500,000 cycles. Theoretical and experimental results were found to check closely.
Subthreshold analysis of floating-gate MOSFET's

An analytical model for subthreshold operation of floating-gate MOSFETs is presented. The authors; first-order analysis shows exponential dependence between the current and drain-to-substrate and source-to-substrate voltages; this is confirmed by experimental data. A small-signal model is presented for the common source configuration. Methods for adjusting the charge on the floating gate are also discussed. >
Tooth loss and caries prevalence in older Floridians attending senior activity centers

Older adults attending 14 senior activity centers in six countries of Florida cooperated for a questionnaire and an oral examination. The mean age was 76.5 yr, and about one-third were 80 yr or older. One-third of the dentate persons had dental caries. Most of the carious lesions were on the crown, not the root, and most of the decay was primary, not recurrent. Most of the persons with a need for caries treatment were likely to seek dental care; however, the majority of carious surfaces were in persons who reported being infrequent users of care. These results from ambulatory older adults suggest that older adults have significant caries treatment needs, and provide support for the view that the treatment of older U.S. adults may grow in the coming decades.
The vexing problem of defining financial exploitation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to study the vexing problem of defining financial exploitation. Advocates and practitioners in the field who have been battling financial exploitation are pleased to observe the increased attention that financial exploitation is receiving at all levels of society. With this increased attention, however, there has been a conflation of terms used to describe financial exploitation, resulting in some confusion about what constitutes financial exploitation. Design/methodology/approach – Fully recognizing that definitions serve different functions, this paper identifies three main purposes of a definition and then describes the myriad ways financial exploitation has been defined in the research literature, by organizations, and in civil and criminal statutes. Findings – Financial exploitation has been defined in multiple ways within and across categories. Furthermore, the definition has expanded over time. This paper proposes the need for greater definitional clarity aro...
Hospice Referral Practices for Children With Cancer: A Survey of Pediatric Oncologists

Purpose To examine hospice referral patterns among pediatric oncologists and identify barriers to referral. Methods A self-administered survey was sent to 1,200 pediatric oncologists who are members of Children's Oncology Group. Two electronic mail messages followed by traditional mail surveys were sent to eligible physicians. Pediatricians and pediatric oncologists developed, pretested, and modified the survey for item clarification. Results Of 944 eligible pediatric oncologists surveyed, 632 replied, yielding a response rate of 67%. Most respondents reported having access to palliative care programs (65%) and hospice services (85%), but few (27%) had access to inpatient hospice services. More respondents reported feeling comfortable managing end-of-life pain than psychological issues (86% v 67%, respectively). Many pediatric oncologists (62%) reported that half or more of their patients died in the hospital. In multivariate analysis, physicians with access to hospice that accepts patients receiving chem...
Fine grain incremental rescheduling via architectural retiming

With the decreasing feature sizes during VLSI fabrication and the dominance of interconnect delay over that of gates, control logic and wiring no longer have a negligible impact on delay and area. The need thus arises for developing techniques and tools to redesign incrementally to eliminate performance bottlenecks. Such a redesign effort corresponds to incrementally modifying an existing schedule obtained via high-level synthesis. In this paper we demonstrate that applying architectural retiming, a technique for pipelining latency-constrained circuits, results in incrementally modifying an existing schedule. Architectural retiming reschedules fine grain operations (ones that have a delay equal to or less than one clock cycle) to occur in earlier time steps, while modifying the design to preserve its correctness.
Mapping Power: Disputing Claims to Kipat Lands in Northeastern Nepal

Through a close reading of a land dispute in northeastern Nepal, I examine broader shifts in local-national political relations as Nepal is transformed from a kingdom to a nation-state. In addition to documenting the shift from a customary to a private system of tenure, this case raises broader questions about the relationship between identity, politics, and place, and the impact of globalization on these relations. [land tenure, identity and place, narrative, national/local relations, globalization, Himalaya]
Marital Satisfaction and Parenting Experiences of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents and Adults With Autism

The association of marital satisfaction with parenting burden and quality of the parent– child relationship was examined in 91 married mothers and fathers of co-residing adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Within-couple differences between mothers and fathers in how child characteristics related to these parenting experiences were also evaluated. Multilevel modeling was used to control for the dependency in couple data. Marital satisfaction was an important predictor of parenting experiences, particularly for fathers. Mothers reported feeling closer to their son or daughter than did fathers. Fathers’ parenting experiences were more strongly impacted by child characteristics than were mothers’ parenting experiences. Results emphasized the connection between the marital relationship and parenting experiences and overlapping but unique experiences of mothers and fathers.
Obama Health Care Reform Proposal From An International Perspective

This paper discusses the importance of reforming the health care system in the United States. In doing so, a sample of industrialized countries that have had an established universal health care plan is analyzed. Furthermore, the proposed reform plan by President Obama is discussed. The future prospects of the proposed reform plan by President Obama is explained in the concluding remarks .
Comparison of methods for identifying small-for-gestational-age infants at risk of perinatal mortality among obese mothers: a hospital-based cohort study.

Objective To assess differences in small-for-gestational age (SGA) classifications for the detection of neonates with increased perinatal mortality risk among obese women and subsequently assess the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) status and SGA. Design Hospital-based cohort. Setting Twelve US clinical centres (2002–08). Population A total of 114 626 singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies. Methods Data were collected using electronic medical record abstraction. Relative risks (RR) with 95% CI were estimated. Main outcome measures SGA trends (birthweight < 10th centile) classified using population-based (SGAPOP), intrauterine (SGAIU) and customised (SGACUST) references were assessed. The SGA-associated perinatal mortality risk was estimated among obese women. Using the SGA method most associated with perinatal mortality, the association between prepregnancy BMI and SGA was estimated. Results The overall perinatal mortality prevalence was 0.55% and this increased significantly with increasing BMI (P < 0.01). Among obese women, SGAIU detected the highest proportion of perinatal mortality cases (2.49%). Perinatal mortality was 5.32 times (95% CI 3.72–7.60) more likely among SGAIU neonates than non-SGAIU neonates. This is in comparison with the 3.71-fold (2.49–5.53) and 4.81-fold (3.41–6.80) increased risk observed when SGAPOP and SGACUST were used, respectively. Compared with women of normal weight, overweight women (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.78–0.86) and obese women (RR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.75–0.83) had a lower risk for delivering an SGAIU neonate. Conclusion Among obese women, the intrauterine reference best identified neonates at risk of perinatal mortality. Based on SGAIU, SGA is less common among obese women but these SGA babies are at a high risk of death and remain an important group for surveillance. Tweetable abstract SGA is less common among obese women but these SGA babies are at a high risk of death.
Polymorphic Worm Detection Using Position-Relation Signature

This chapter proposes a novel worm signature that is appropriate for the polymorphic worm detection. Most of the recent worm signatures are constructed based on worm bytes themselves or relationships between worm bytes. In this case, most of these signatures cannot detect the polymorphic worms successfully. Our worm signature takes the worm bytes themselves and the relationships between worm bytes into consideration. So, it is called position-relation signature (PRS). The new signature is capable of handling certain polymorphic worms. The experiments show that the algorithm could be used as a basis to implement a worm detection system.
The Effect of the Accountability Variables of Responsibility, Openness, and Answerability on Authentic Leadership

One salient aspect of authentic leadership is the possibility that it can be developed (Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing, & Peterson, 2008). However, the relative paucity of research on authenti...
Application of a Robust Spectral Reprojection Method to Discontinuous Galerkin Simulations of Supersonic Flows

In the present work we develop a general framework for the application of spectral reprojection methods to the Discontinuous Galerkin discretization of the compressible NavierStokes equations over two-dimensional unstructured domains, aimed at suppressing the Gibbs phenomenon around shocks and other points of discontinuity. Robust reprojection of the modal expansion is carried out locally at each element over the entire discretization. To do so, we extend the Freud polynomial expansion to planar triangular domains by means of orthogonal tensor products over collapsed coordinates. Reprojection techniques are known to yield poor results when the approximated function is not analytic in the interval of application. With this issue in mind, we perform shock tracking using nonlinearly-enhanced spectral edge detection, and utilize the resulting points of discontinuity to define subdomains of analyticity within elements. The effectiveness and versatility of our technique is demonstrated through well-known numerical test cases.
Intraoperative monitoring: do you know where your neurophysiologist is?

Objective The professional practice of intraoperative monitoring has evolved over the past 30 years. This report describes the field's current state and how site of service affects practice. Methods A survey queried American Academy of Neurology intraoperative monitoringneurologist members about their intraoperative monitoring volume, case type, duration, numbers of simultaneous cases, and location of the monitoring physician. Results Physicians located locally typically monitored fewer cases annually and simultaneously compared with physicians who monitored from remote locations. Physicians at remote locations monitored proportionally more spine procedures, whereas physicians who monitored locally monitored more intracranial procedures and a greater variety of cases. Conclusions The remote monitoring practice model is different from local models in annual volume, simultaneous cases, work per case, and types of cases.
Abstract 3602: Effect of alcohol on DB[a,l]P, an environmental pollutant and a tobacco smoke constituent, on DNA adduct formation in mouse oral tissues.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Alcohol acts synergistically with tobacco smoke to greatly increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) up to 20-fold; the mechanisms of this synergism remain unknown. Research in this area has been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models that would mimic chronic simultaneous human exposure to alcohol and representative carcinogens in tobacco or tobacco smoke as a whole. Recently, we developed a more relevant animal model (Int. J. Cancer, 2012, 2783-90) and showed that dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an environmental pollutant and a tobacco smoke component, induces SCC in oral tissues of mice. We also showed that its diol epoxide metabolite, (±)-anti-DB[a,l]PDE, is a potent and specific carcinogen in tongue and other oral tissues in mice. We hypothesize that chronic alcohol consumption will increase the carcinogenic potency of DB[a,l]P in the mouse oral cavity by multiple mechanisms including the depletion of glutathione (GSH) and increasing levels of covalent DB[a,l]PDE-DNA adducts. As an initial study to test our hypothesis, mice were fed Isocaloric Lieber-DeCarli-type liquid diets formulated by BioServ (Frenchtown, N.J.) with or without ethanol (35% of total calories, increased gradually from 0, 11, 22 to 35%). After 3 weeks, mice were treated with 2 daily doses of DB[a,l]P (240 nmol each) and/or tobacco smoke particulates (TSP, 2R4F, 2.5 mg/mouse). Mice were sacrificed 24 hrs later and DB[a,l]PDE-DNA adduct levels were quantified by our recently developed LC-MS/MS method (Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2011, 1297-303). We showed that alcohol consumption significantly increased the levels of (-)-anti-trans-DB[a,l]P-dA in the absence of TSP (25%) or in the presence of TSP (75%). We also demonstrated that GSH levels in buccal mucosa were decreased (38%) in mice fed with liquid diet (35% calories from ethanol) compared with mice fed with control diet (0.89±0.13 μmol/g vs 1.23±0.17 μmol/g). Collectively, our preliminary results support our hypothesis that alcohol consumption will increase the carcinogenic potency of DB[a,l]P by altering the metabolic detoxification via depleting GSH and increasing DNA damage in oral tissues of mice. Citation Format: Shang-Min Zhang, Kun-Ming Chen, John R. Richie, Ana Calcagnotto, Cesar Aliaga, Arthur Berg, Yuan-Wan Sun, Arun K. Sharma, Shantu Amin, Karam El-Bayoumy. Effect of alcohol on DB[a,l]P, an environmental pollutant and a tobacco smoke constituent, on DNA adduct formation in mouse oral tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3602. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3602
Coccygectomy for patients with chronic coccydynia: a prospective, observational study of 98 patients.

Aims The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of coccygectomy for patients with chronic coccydynia. Patients and Methods Between 2007 and 2011, 98 patients underwent coccygectomy for chronic coccydynia. The patients were aged > 18 years, had coccygeal pain, local tenderness and a radiological abnormality, and had failed conservative management. Outcome measures were the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Secondary analysis compared the pre-operative features and the outcomes of patients with successful and failed treatment, two years post-operatively. The threshold for success was based on a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) on the ODI of 20 points. All other patients, including those lost to follow-up, were classified as failures. Results There was significant improvement in all ten components of the SF-36 (p < 0.05), the ODI (23 points) and VAS (39 points) (p < 0.0001). A total of 69 patients (70.4%) met the designated MCID threshold for a successful outcome. The failure group consisted of 25 patients (25.5%) who did not reach the MCID and four (4.1%) who were lost to follow-up. Six patients (6.1%) in the failure group had ODI scores that were no better or worse than that pre-operatively. The patients in whom treatment failed had significantly worse pre-operative scores for the ODI (p = 0.04), VAS (p = 0.02) and on five of ten SF-36 components (p < 0.04). They also had a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders, pre-operative opiate use and more than three comorbidities. Take home message: Coccygectomy for chronic coccydynia results in significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes at two years. Failure is associated with certain pre-operative characteristics such as psychiatric illness, poor quality of life features, higher levels of pain, and use of opiates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:526–33.
Predicting Emerging Adults’ Implementation of Parental Advice: Source, Situation, Relationship, and Message Characteristics

Research identifies parents as an important source of emerging adult decision-making support. Based on previous advice theory, this study examined the impact of parent, situation, relationship, message characteristics, and advice solicitation on emerging adult implementation of parental advice. Participants (N = 133) completed an online questionnaire, and hierarchical regression analyses showed parent similarity, empathy, autonomy support, advice quality, and advice efficacy were significant predictors of parental advice implementation. There was also a significant difference in implementation for solicited and unsolicited advice. The results offer theoretical framework support and pragmatic implications for parent–emerging adult advice communication.
Dental Materials in Operative Dentistry

Christina Mitchell, Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., 2008., 140 pp., illustrated, indexed $54 hardcover, ISBN 978-1-85097-129-0 In the preface, the author states, “The aim of this book is to summarize, in a concise fashion, current knowledge of dental materials used in
Low-Carbon Development in Developing Countries under Global Climate Regime

The urgency of the climate problem suggests not only that developed countries must now urgently implement mitigation measures,but also that developing countries must rapidly start the transition to a low-carbon development path.The biggest problems for the developing countries are that they don't have enough fund and advanced low-carbon technology.We discusse how to solve the problems in global climate regime.
Inequality in contemporary Brazilian debate: Between citizenship and recognition

In this article, I will deal with the problem of inequality in connection to the reception of the theories of citizenship and of recognition in Brazil. These...
Altering Antibody–Drug Conjugate Binding to the Neonatal Fc Receptor Impacts Efficacy and Tolerability

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) rely on the target-binding specificity of an antibody to selectively deliver potent drugs to cancer cells. IgG antibody half-life is regulated by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding. Histidine 435 of human IgG was mutated to alanine (H435A) to explore the effect of FcRn binding on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of two separate maytansine-based ADC pairs with noncleavable linkers, (c-DM1 and c-H435A-DM1) and (7v-Cys-may and 7v-H435A-Cys-may). The in vitro cell-killing potency of each pair of ADCs was similar, demonstrating that H435A showed no measurable impact on ADC bioactivity. The H435A mutant antibodies showed no detectable binding to human or mouse FcRn in vitro, whereas their counterpart wild-type IgG ADCs were found to bind to FcRn at pH = 6.0. In xenograft bearing SCID mice expressing mouse FcRn, the AUC of 7v-Cys-may was 1.6-fold higher than that of 7v-H435A-may, yet the observed efficacy was similar. More severe thrombocytopenia was observed with ...
Establishing and Promoting a Culture of Safety in Chemistry Laboratory Research

Final technical/scientific report for the project, Establishing and Promoting a Culture of Safety in Chemistry Laboratory Research.
âPersonalized Learning: Lessons Taken from Healthcare."

Both education and healthcare are going through rapid changes in their delivery. Adapting the concepts from the TED talk, âHealth care should be a team sportâ, by Eric Dishman, this presentation focuses on his bold and creative ideas in reinventing healthcare and applies them to education. Adapting Dishmanâs concepts would lead to a world of âlearning anywhere; learning networking; and learning customizationâ, with a focused role of the responsible student at the center. The learning technologies of today can make this a reality. Participants can use these concepts and will be shown practical steps to integrate these strategies in to their own courses, and/or reflect upon and shape their own teaching philosophy.
Excavating Stickney crater at Phobos

Stickney crater, at 9 km across, dominates the morphology of ~22-km Phobos, the larger of the two moons of Mars. The Stickney impact event had global repercussions for Phobos, including extensive resurfacing and fracturing of the moon. Understanding the initial conditions and dynamical consequences of the collision is necessary to test competing hypotheses for the origin of peculiar grooved terrain that striates much of the surface. Previous modeling of the impact event was unable to replicate Stickney without globally fragmenting the satellite. Here we describe high-resolution numerical simulations that successfully generate Stickney crater while maintaining the large-scale structure of Phobos. Target porosity, which is estimated to be significant, aids in keeping the moon intact. Damage follows patterns centered on Stickney that are inconsistent with the observed alignment of grooved terrain on Phobos. Low-velocity boulders are ejected at shallow angles in sufficient numbers to support a rolling-boulder origin for grooved terrain.
Increased levels of Dickkopf-1 are indicative of Wnt/β-catenin downregulation and lower osteoblast signaling in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, contributing to lower bone mineral density

Higher levels of Dickkopf-1, which is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin bone metabolic pathway, could be indicative of downregulated Wnt system, with possible lower osteoblast activation and higher osteoclast signaling in type 1 diabetes mellitus children and adolescents. Dickkopf-1 could significantly contribute to diabetes osteopathy. Increased fracture risk and elevated Dickkopf-1 levels, which is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin bone metabolic pathway, have been documented in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), while no relevant data exist on childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our aim was to study plasma Dickkopf-1 distribution in children and adolescents with T1D and to correlate Dickkopf-1 with metabolic bone markers and bone mineral density (BMD). We evaluated 40 children and adolescents with T1D (mean ± SD age 13.04 ± 3.53 years, T1D duration 5.15 ± 3.33 years) and 40 healthy age-matched and gender-matched controls (age 12.99 ± 3.3 years). Dickkopf-1 and bone metabolic markers were measured, while total body and lumbar spine BMD were evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dickkopf-1 demonstrated a Gaussian distribution, with higher levels in T1D patients (13.56 ± 5.34 vs 11.35 ± 3.76 pmol/L, p = 0.024). Higher values were found in boys and in prepubertal children. Dickkopf-1 correlated positively with osteoprotegerin and fasting glucose in patients, while positive correlation with sclerostin and total soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (s-RANKL) was found in controls. Positive correlations with C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were documented in both groups. Lumbar spine Z-score was positively associated with Dickkopf-1 in controls, while a negative trend was found in patients. Higher levels of Dickkopf-1 could indicate a downregulated Wnt/β-catenin system with possible lower osteoblast activation and higher osteoclast signaling in T1D children and adolescents. Dickkopf-1 could possibly be a significant contributor of T1D osteopathy. Future therapies could focus on Wnt/β-catenin metabolic pathway.
Imaging Chemical Bonds by SPM

The class of materials referred to as ’organic’ contains an awesome diversity of materials. This diversity results, in part, from the multiple bonding modes that carbon-containing structures can assume. Tables 1 and 2 list some of these modes. A range of materials results from the dipolar intermolecular interactions of the molecules, producing, at room temperature, organics in all phases: gas, liquid, and solid (Table 3). Examples illustrating this diversity include, in addition to the large group of classical ’small’ molecules, polymers, charge transfer salts, organom etallics, biological molecules, and the allotropes diamond, graphite, and C60 - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is capable of documenting molecular environments not directly observed before. One can obtain maps of molecular topography, elasticity, adhesion, viscosity, and density, for example. Samples have been taken from the disciplines of catalysis, optics, lubrication, and biology, as well as from basic research studies. Within the domain of organic materials, results have been obtained on intermolecular spacing at interfaces, comparative molecular and cohesive densities, phase separation, and correlation of molecular species with interfacial strength. In this article, representative examples of molecules from these various classes of organic molecules and bonding modes that have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) will be presented [1].
Tissue Engineering and the Vascular System

For tissue engineering, i.e., the development of constructs composed of living cells and natural biological materials, the opportunities presented by the cardiovascular system are both important and challenging. Most of the effort to date in this area has been focused on blood vessel substitutes. This focus is motivated by the one-half million coronary artery bypass surgeries performed in the United States each year, with this figure having more than doubled in the last decade. Using native vessels, graft patency is 50%–70% after 10 years, with an observed acceleration of graft closure with time (The VA Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group, 1992). Individuals who have had previous bypass surgery may not have additional native vessels available. Moreover, there is a significant percentage of the U.S. population for whom acceptable native vessels are not available. Synthetic materials such as Dacron and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) have even lower graft patency rates than native vessels, and, as a result, these are not viable alternatives, especially for small diameter grafts. Thus, tissue engineering seems to offer the best possibilities for the next generation of vascular grafts.
Simulating Heterogeneous Tumor Cell Populations

Certain tumor phenomena, like metabolic heterogeneity and local stable regions of chronic hypoxia, signify a tumor’s resistance to therapy. Although recent research has shed light on the intracellular mechanisms of cancer metabolic reprogramming, little is known about how tumors become metabolically heterogeneous or chronically hypoxic, namely the initial conditions and spatiotemporal dynamics that drive these cell population conditions. To study these aspects, we developed a minimal, spatially-resolved simulation framework for modeling tissue-scale mixed populations of cells based on diffusible particles the cells consume and release, the concentrations of which determine their behavior in arbitrarily complex ways, and on stochastic reproduction. We simulate cell populations that self-sort to facilitate metabolic symbiosis, that grow according to tumor-stroma signaling patterns, and that give rise to stable local regions of chronic hypoxia near blood vessels. We raise two novel questions in the context of these results: (1) How will two metabolically symbiotic cell subpopulations self-sort in the presence of glucose, oxygen, and lactate gradients? We observe a robust pattern of alternating striations. (2) What is the proper time scale to observe stable local regions of chronic hypoxia? We observe the stability is a function of the balance of three factors related to O2—diffusion rate, local vessel release rate, and viable and hypoxic tumor cell consumption rate. We anticipate our simulation framework will help researchers design better experiments and generate novel hypotheses to better understand dynamic, emergent whole-tumor behavior.
Dynamic matching system for radio-frequency plasma generation

Plasma generation systems represent a particularly challenging load for radio-frequency power amplifiers owing to the combination of high operating frequency (e.g., 13.56 MHz) and highly variable load parameters. We introduce a dynamic matching system for Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) generation that losslessly maintains near-constant driving point impedance (minimal reflected power) across the entire plasma operating range. This new system utilizes a Resistance Compression Network (RCN), an impedance transformation stage, and a specially-configured set of plasma drive coils to achieve rapid adjustment to plasma load variations. As compared to conventional matching techniques for plasma systems, the proposed approach has the benefit of relatively low cost and fast response, and does not require any moving components. We describe suitable coil geometries for the proposed system, and treat the design of the RCN and matching stages, including design options and tradeoffs. A prototype system is implemented and its operation is demonstrated with low pressure ICP discharges with O 2 , C 4 F 8 , and SF 6 gases at 13.56 MHz and over the entire plasma operating range of up to 250 W.
Valproic acid induces prosurvival transcriptomic changes in swine subjected to traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock.

BACKGROUNDValproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that improves outcomes in large animal models of trauma. However, its protective mechanism of action is not completely understood. We sought to characterize the genetic changes induced by VPA treatment following traumatic injuries.METH
Rapid Response Events in Hospitalized Patients: Patient Symptoms and Clinician Communication

Abstract Context Patients triggering rapid response team (RRT) intervention are at high risk for adverse outcomes. Data on symptom burden of these patients do not currently exist, and current symptom management and communication practices of RRT clinicians are unknown. Objectives We sought to identify the symptom experience of RRT patients and observe how RRT clinicians communicate with patients and their families. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study from August to December 2015. Investigators attending RRT events measured frequencies of symptom assessment, communication, and supportive behaviors by RRT clinicians. As the rapid response event concluded, investigators measured patient-reported pain, dyspnea, and anxiety using a numeric rating scale of 0 (none) to 10 (most severe), with uncontrolled symptoms defined as numeric rating scale score of ≥4. Results We observed a total of 52 RRT events. RRT clinicians assessed for pain during the event in 62% of alert patients, dyspnea in 38%, and anxiety in 21%. Goals of care were discussed during 3% of events and within 24 hours in 13%. For the primary outcome measure, at the RRT event conclusion, 44% of alert patients had uncontrolled pain, 39% had uncontrolled dyspnea, and 35% had uncontrolled anxiety. Conclusion Hospitalized patients triggering RRT events have a high degree of uncontrolled symptoms that are infrequently assessed and treated. Although these patients experience an acute change in medical status and are at high risk for adverse outcomes, goals-of-care discussions with RRT patients or families are rarely documented in the period after the events.
Abstract 12629: Endothelial Prolyl-4 hydroxylase 2 Deletion Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure via Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2α Activation

Background: Cardiac hypertrophy is a common adaptive response to injury and stress, and can eventually lead to heart failure. The role of endothelial Prolyl-4 hydroxylase 2 (PHD2)/hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) signaling in the pathogenesis of heart failure is unclear. We hypothesize that endothelial PHD2/HIF signaling dysfunction contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Methods: Mice with Tie2-Cre-mediated deletion of Egln1 (encoding PHD2) ( Egln1 Tie2-Cre ), as well as double knockout mice with both Egln1 and Hif1a or Egln1 and Hif2a were generated. Egln1 f/f bone marrow cells were transplanted to lethally irradiated Egln1 Tie2-Cre mice to determine the contribution of bone marrow cells in cardiac hypertrophy. Mice carrying Egln1 f/f were bred into Endo SCL- Cre- ER(T) mice containing tamoxifen-inducible Cre to generate mice with Egln1 deletion only in endothelial cells in adult mice ( Egln1 SCL-Cre ) after tamoxifen injection. Echocardiography were measured to study cardiac size and function. Histological examination was also performed. Results: Egln1 Tie2-Cre mice exhibited left ventricular hypertrophy evident by increased thickness of anterior and posterior wall and left ventricular mass, as well as cardiac fibrosis. Egln1 deletion in bone marrow cells did not contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Tamoxifen induced endothelial Egln1 deletion in adult Egln1 SCL-Cre mice also induced left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Genetic ablation of Hif2a but not Hif1a in Egln1 Tie2 mice normalized cardiac size and function. Additionally, we observed a marked decrease of PHD2 expression in heart tissues from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: This studies define for the first time an unexpected role of endothelial PHD2 deficiency in inducing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in a HIF-2α dependent manner. Thus, targeting PHD2/HIF-2α signaling represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart failure.
Remote Distributed Vibration Sensing Through Opaque Media Using Permanent Magnets

Vibration sensing is critical for a variety of applications from structural fatigue monitoring to understanding the modes of airplane wings. In particular, remote sensing techniques are needed for measuring the vibrations of multiple points simultaneously, assessing vibrations inside opaque metal vessels, and sensing through smoke clouds and other optically challenging environments. In this paper, we propose a method which measures high-frequency displacements remotely using changes in the magnetic field generated by permanent magnets. We leverage the unique nature of vibration tracking and use a calibrated local model technique developed specifically to improve the frequency-domain estimation accuracy. The results show that two-dimensional local models surpass the dipole model in tracking high-frequency motions. A theoretical basis for understanding the effects of electronic noise and error due to correlated variables is generated in order to predict the performance of experiments prior to implementation. Simultaneous measurements of up to three independent vibrating components are shown. The relative accuracy of the magnet-based displacement tracking with respect to the video tracking ranges from 40 to 190 $\mu \text{m}$ when the maximum displacements approach ±5 mm and when sensor-to-magnet distances vary from 25 to 36 mm. Last, vibration sensing inside an opaque metal vessel and mode shape changes due to damage on an aluminum beam are also studied using the wireless permanent-magnet vibration sensing scheme.
A Review of "I Wonder: Engaging a Child's Curiosity about the Bible."

While most Americans profess belief in God and claim ownership of a Bible, few adults read the Bible in a regular way and fewer feel comfortable responding to the simple, but profound and often dif...
Biochemical properties of insect and crustacean proteasomes.

The proteasome, or multicatalytic proteinase (MCP), is a 28-subunit complex (20S) that hydrolyzes a variety of peptide and protein substrates [1–3]. At least six distinct catalytic activities have been measured using synthetic peptides; these are the trypsin-like (T-L), neutral chymotrypsin-like (nChT-L), peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolase (PGPH), acidic chymotrypsin-like (aChTL), small-neutral amino acid-preferring (SNAAP), and branched-chain amino acid-preferring (BrAAP) activities [4–8]. The T-L, nChT-L, and PGPH activities are the most familiar and cleave amino acid-arylamide bonds after basic, hydrophobic, and acidic residues, respectively. The SNAAP and BrAAP activities cleave peptide bonds in longer peptides after small-neutral and branched-chain residues, respectively, although a recent study has shown that the BrAAP activity can also cleave after glutamyl residues [9]. The aChT-L activity is distinguished from the other activities by its stimulation at acidic pH [5]. The 20S proteasome is regulated in vivo by two high molecular weight complexes. In the presence of ATP, it associates with a 19S regulatory complex (PA700) to form the ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic complex (26S protease or 26S proteasome),which degrades ubiquitin-protein conjugates [2, 3]. The second regulatory complex is PA28, a hexameric protein consisting of two subunit types, that stimulates hydrolysis of peptides by the proteasome [3, 10]. This review summarizes the biochemical properties of arthropod proteasomes. Although similar to the mammalian proteasome, the arthropod complexes have unique properties which can be exploited for analysis of catalytic functions. These studies indicate a diversity in catalytic properties between insect and crustacean species. Furthermore, the lobster complex can be converted to a stable, proteolytically-active conformation in vitro, which has been used to characterize catalytic activities involved in the initial hydrolysis of myofibrillar protein substrates.
Esophagectomy in the state of Florida: is regionalization of care warranted?

Centralization of cancer care needs to be based on evidence that regionalization will improve outcomes in a given region. We analyzed outcomes for esophagectomy performed in Florida using the Agenc...
Complete elimination of Ag3Al in Ag wire bonds on Al by alloying In into Ag

Abstract During the electronic packaging process, when the silver (Ag) alloy wire bonds on aluminum (Al) pads, it is often desirable to avoid the formation of Ag3Al because of its low fracture toughness and low corrosion resistance. The current work reports a method to eliminate the Ag3Al through alloying indium (In) into Ag. The corresponding mechanism is studied through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermodynamic modeling. The experimental results show that the formation of Ag3Al leads to the repelling of In atoms into unreacted Ag solid solution when the In concentration is low, but the Ag3Al can be fully eliminated and replaced by an Ag–In–Al ternary phase when the concentration of In is at 12%. We establish an analytical thermodynamic model for the nucleation process of Ag3Al that considers the effects of In doping, and successfully explains the underlying reason for the elimination of Ag3Al: it has to do with the necessity of repelling In into unreacted region. Reaction kinetics are further discussed and the deceleration in Ag–Al inter-diffusion is attributed to the solute–vacancy attraction. A study of defects in Ag–Al bonding wire system is conducted and the growth rate of voids is found to be low due to small volumetric change during phase transformation, which also reduces the growth rate of alumina. Compared to Ag3Al, Ag–In–Al ternary phase is experimentally proven to be softer, tougher, and more corrosion resistant, which would contribute to enhanced wire bond reliability and perhaps an increase the market share of Ag alloy bonding wires.
Targeted Molecular Imaging Using Aptamers in Cancer

Imaging is not only seeing, but also believing. For targeted imaging modalities, nucleic acid aptamers have features such as superior recognition of structural epitopes and quick uptake in target cells. This explains the emergence of an evolved new class of aptamers into a wide spectrum of imaging applications over the last decade. Genetically encoded biosensors tagged with fluorescent RNA aptamers have been developed as intracellular imaging tools to understand cellular signaling and physiology in live cells. Cancer-specific aptamers labeled with fluorescence have been used for assessment of clinical tissue specimens. Aptamers conjugated with gold nanoparticles have been employed to develop innovative mass spectrometry tissue imaging. Also, use of chemically conjugated cancer-specific aptamers as probes for non-invasive and high-resolution imaging has been transformative for in vivo imaging in multiple cancers.
A new era of neoadjuvant treatment with Pertuzumab: Should the 10‐lymph node guideline for axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer be revised?

BACKGROUND Pertuzumab has improved pathologic complete response rates when compared with other chemotherapeutics in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer patients. AIMS We sought to determine if axillary lymph node dissections (ALNDs) yielding at least the national standard of 10 lymph nodes is lower in patients who received neoadjuvant pertuzumab. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective database identified patients who underwent ALND for breast cancer. We compared the axillary lymph node retrieval rates in those who received or did not receive neoadjuvant pertuzumab. Of 139 breast cancer patients who underwent ALND, fewer than 10 axillary lymph nodes were found in 41.7% of patients who received neoadjuvant pertuzumab (P < 0.01) and 18.6% of patients who received neoadjuvant therapy without pertuzumab (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a significantly lower rate of "adequate" ALNDs as defined by current guidelines. The patient subset that received neoadjuvant pertuzumab was more likely to have fewer than 10 axillary lymph nodes retrieved.
Neurologic Disorders of the Maxillofacial Region

The maxillofacial region is complex in its anatomy and in its variation in the presentation of neurologic disorders. The diagnosis and management of neurologic disorders in clinical practice remains a challenge. A good understanding of the neurologic disorder in its entirety helps dentists in the diagnosis and appropriate referral to a specialist for further investigations and management of the condition. Neurologic disorders described in this article are under broad categories of sensory and motor disturbances as well as movement disorders and infections. This article summarizes the most common maxillofacial neurologic disorders that dentists might encounter in clinical practice.
Correcting the Error in Measuring Radiation Received by a Person: Introducing Cylindrical Radiometers

Most human energy budget models consider a person to be approximately cylindrical in shape when estimating or measuring the amount of radiation that they receive in a given environment. Yet, the most commonly used instrument for measuring the amount of radiation received by a person is the globe thermometer. The spherical shape of this instrument was designed to be used indoors where radiation is received approximately equally from all directions. But in outdoor environments, radiation can be strongly directional, making the sphere an inappropriate shape. The international standard for measuring radiation received by a person, the Integral Radiation Measurement (IRM) method, yields a measure of the Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt). This method uses radiometers oriented in the four cardinal directions, plus up and down. However, this setup essentially estimates the amount of energy received by a square peg, not a cylinder. This paper identifies the errors introduced by both the sphere and the peg, and introduces a set of two new instrument that can be used to directly measure the amount of radiation received by a vertical cylinder in outdoor environments. The Cylindrical Pyranometer measures the amount of solar radiation received by a vertical cylinder, and the Cylindrical Pyrgeometer measures the amount of terrestrial radiation received. While the globe thermometer is still valid for use in indoor environments, these two new instruments should become the standard for measuring radiation received by people in outdoor environments.
Heterogeneity in Current Cigarette Smoking among Hispanic/Latino Heritage Groups in New York City, 2003-2016

Objectives: We assessed differences in trends, prevalence, and sociodemographic correlates of current smoking among several predominant Hispanic/Latino heritage groups (Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Central and South Americans, and other Hispanic/ Latinos) in New York City (NYC). We ad­ditionally compared current smoking prevalence between heritage groups and non-Hispanic/Latino Whites. Design and Methods: Data from the Com­munity Health Survey, a representative, dual-frame landline/cellphone survey, were analyzed to assess age-adjusted prevalence of current smoking, separately among heritage groups from 2003-2016. Logis­tic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs for current smoking by Hispanic/Latino heritage group relative to non-Hispanic/Latino Whites in combined 2012-2016 data. Logistic regression was also used to examine correlates of smoking among each heritage group, separately. Results: Between 2003-2016, current smoking prevalence decreased among all Hispanic/Latinos heritage groups except Puerto Ricans, who had the highest smok­ing prevalence among all groups exam­ined. Sex-stratified trend analyses showed decreases among all groups except Puerto Rican and other Hispanic/Latino males. In multivariable-adjusted models, relative to non-Hispanic/Latino Whites, there was no association with current smoking among Puerto Ricans, but odds of smoking were lower among all other heritage groups. Fe­male sex was inversely associated with cur­rent smoking among all heritage groups, and acculturation was positively associated with smoking among all groups except Central/ South Americans. Lower educational attain­ment was strongly associated with smoking among Puerto Ricans. Conclusions: Lack of progress in reduc­ing smoking among Puerto Ricans in NYC is concerning. Opportunities for cultural, sex-specific, and other targeted outreach to this community should be explored. Ethn Dis. 2019;30(1):97-108; doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.97
Network Tomography in Hyperbolic Space

The paper addresses the problems of network analysis and network security, outlining a computationally feasible method of monitoring networks, and detecting (hyper)-active increase in subnetwork activity, such as one would see in viral or network attack activity. Additionally, it outlines a systematic method of detecting the source of activity, and if needed, isolate and/or shut-down subcomponents of the network.