cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab initio prediction of giant magnetostriction and spin-reorientation in strained Au/FeCo/MgO heterostructure

Abstract Employing ab initio electronic structure calculations we have investigated the magnetostrictive properties and the effect of epitaxial strain on the magnetic anisotropy (MA) of Au/FeCo/MgO heterostructure. Under small expansive strain on the FeCo layer the system exhibits an in-plane MA. The calculations reveal that the strain dependence of the MA is nonlinear and that the FeCo film undergoes a spin reorientation at a critical strain between 2 and 4%. The underlying mechanism is the strain-induced shift of the spin–orbit coupled d-states of the Fe atoms. We predict a giant magnetostriction coefficient of about 420×10−6 in the heterostructure.
Improving a Lecture-Size Molecular Model Set by Repurposing Used Whiteboard Markers.

Preparation of an inexpensive model set from whiteboard markers and either HGS molecular model set or atoms made of wood is described. The model set is relatively easy to prepare and is sufficiently large to be suitable as an instructor set for use in lectures.
TOC and fracture characterization of the Barnett Shale with predicted gamma ray and density porosity volumes

Summary Conventional hydrocarbons reserves in the USA have gradually been reduced, and with the rising of oil prices, the sight of energy companies is on unconventional reservoirs. The Barnett shale is one of the most important unconventional reservoirs in the USA. It has been a challenge in unconventional reservoirs to find the petrophysical properties which can be used as a proxy to TOC. Current explorers are using GR and Density porosity as a proxy in Unconventional reservoirs. In Barnett Shale gamma ray plays a significant role. In this unconventional reservoir, when the shale has higher content of quartz the gamma ray values are low. The higher percentage of quartz makes it more brittle. Whereas, when the organic content, which occur with radioactive material is high, the gamma ray values are high. In shales including Woodford and Eagleford, the density of the shales decreases when the TOC is high in the shale. Here, we have tried to estimate these properties in 3D volumes, as well as correlate it to production. We have used 19 wells with gamma ray in the neural network training which are also correlated with pre-stack simultaneous seismic inversion volumes and other seismic attributes correlatable to lithology. The same process was used with the density porosity (which was manually calculated for every well).
Incipient faulting near Lake Pillsbury, California, and the role of accessory faults in plate boundary evolution

We compare the spatiotemporal progression, geometry, and earthquake source characteristics of a zone of anomalous swarm seismicity between the Maacama and Bartlett Springs faults (California, United States) within the northern San Andreas fault system to both laboratory studies of fracture initiation and structural field observations of fault formation. The similarities between laboratory and field studies of incipient faulting and the earthquake swarms suggest that the seismic lineament on which the swarms occur is a fault in an early stage of development. Kinematic descriptions of faulting and models of fault system development suggest that the ability of existing faults to accommodate deformation across plate boundaries is governed by the length scales over which they accommodate stress. Many of the characteristics of juvenile fault zones, such as segmentation, geometric complexity, and the depth extent of faulting, act to reduce this length scale; this requires the reactivation of existing faults or production of accessory faults to accommodate deformation across the plate boundary.
Diabetes and hypertension: new concepts in treatment.

Abstract Since diabetes and hypertension frequently coexist in the same patient, it is important to consider that many antihypertensive agents may have diverse effects on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profiles, and overall glycemic control, thus further confounding the management of patients with both diseases. The two cases below illustrate the potential metabolic effects of four commonly used antihypertensive medications (thiazide diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers) and emphasize the complex interaction between these two common diseases and their treatments.
Early Experience with 70-150 μm Irinotecan Drug-eluting Beads (M1-DEBIRI) for the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatic Colorectal Metastases.

Aim: To report our early experience on the feasibility and safety of 70-150 μm drug-eluting beads loaded with irinotecan (M1-DEBIRI) for treating unresectable hepatic colorectal metastases. Patients and Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved, prospectively maintained, multi-institutional registry was evaluated from 2/2009 to 8/2013. Fifteen consecutive patients presenting with liver-dominant metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with M1-DEBIRI. Kaplan–Meier statistics was used to evaluate hepatic progression-free-survival and overall survival. Results: Fifteen patients underwent 32 DEBIRI treatments. The mean prescribed dose was 100 mg of irinotecan (range=100-200 mg). In 75% of treatments (n=24), 100% of the prescribed dose was delivered before complete stasis. In 97% of treatments (n=31), at least 50% (median 100 mg, range 25-150 mg) of the prescribed dose was delivered. There was grade 2 abdominal pain after one treatment (3%). In another patient, increased total bilirubin (1.1 to 3.1 mg/dl) was seen after one treatment. There was 42% reduction in median carcinoembryonic antigen level and 33% (5/15 patients) with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) objective response (complete and partial). Modified RECIST and European Association for the study of the Liver (EASL) objective response rates were both 73% (11/15 patients). The disease control rate was 93% (14/15 patients). Hepatic progression-free-survival and overall survival were 8 and 13 months respectively. Disease in one patient was down-staged to resection (6%). Conclusion: M1-DEBIRI appears to be safe and feasible in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Smaller beads also provide efficient irinotecan dose delivery. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
A slope-ratio precision-fed rooster assay for determination of relative metabolizable energy values for fats and oils

The precision-fed rooster assay (PFRA) frequently yields TMEn values for fats and oils in excess of their gross energies. Six experiments were conducted to determine if the PFRA could be combined with a slope-ratio type assay to yield more useful lipid TMEn values. In experiment (EXP) 1, refined corn oil (RCO) was fed to conventional and cecectomized roosters at zero, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of a ground corn diet. In EXP 2 through 6, lipids were fed to conventional roosters at zero, 5, and 10% in a ground corn diet. Palomys (a novel lipid), high stearidonic acid soybean oil (SDASO), 2 animal-vegetable blends (AV1, AV2), a vegetable-based oil blend (VB), and corn oil from an ethanol plant (DDGSCO) were evaluated and compared to refined soybean oil (RSO) or RCO as the reference lipid. Multiple linear regression of diet TMEn on supplemental lipid level generated regression coefficients that were used to calculate relative bioavailability values (RBV). In EXP 1, RCO was a suitable reference material as TMEn linearly increased up to 20% RCO inclusion. There were some minor differences in TMEn of RCO between conventional and cecetomized bird types. In EXP 2, Palomys was found to have a lower (P < 0.05) RBV (87%) than RCO. In EXP 3, there were no significant differences between SDASO and RSO. In EXP 4, the RBV of AV2 (79%) was lower (P < 0.05) than RCO, while the RBV of AV1 was not different from RCO. The RBV of DDGSCO (116%) was higher (P < 0.05) than RCO in EXP 5. The RBV of VB (84%) was lower (P < 0.001) than RCO in EXP 6; however, this may be an underestimation for low levels of VB, as there was an interaction (P < 0.01) between lipid type and lipid supplementation level. These results indicate that the precision-fed slope-ratio rooster assay can detect differences among lipids and yields practically useful lipid TMEn values.
Natural Language Processing Using Kepler Workflow System

Scientific community across many disciplines is exploring new ways to extract knowledge from all available sources. Historically, written manuscripts have been the media of choice for recording experimental findings. Many disciplines such as social science, medical science are exploring ways to automate knowledge discovery from a vast repository of published scientific work. This work attempts to accelerate the process of information extraction by extending Kepler, a graphical workflow management tool. Kepler provides a simple way of designing and executing complex workflows in the form of directed graphs. This work presents a scalable approach to convert published research as PDF documents into indexable XML documents using Kepler. This conversion is a critical step in the Natural Language Processing pipeline. Kepler's distributed data processing capability enables scientists to scale this critical computation by simply adding more computing resources over the cloud.
Viewing Mental Health Through the Lens of Complexity Science

A non-linear perspective may be relevant to understanding mental disorders, particularly in primary care settings. There is growing evidence that variability in heart rate and mood over time, that non-linearity of a variety of parameters (from heart rate to mood), and that the degree of co-variability of anxiety and depression may be relevant to our understanding of what constitutes mental health and illness as well as their outcomes. In a small study (n = 15) of adult primary care patients with major depressive disorder, panic disorder, or neither disorder, patients recorded hourly levels of anxiety and depression while awake for 4 weeks. Analysis of data employed measures of non-linearity as well as state space grid analysis. Eleven subjects completing the mood diary had missing data rates of 0–2.4 %. Results showed that all three groups differed in their patterns of mood variability and anxiety–depression co-variability. These results suggest that healthy mood variability includes both linear and non-linear components, and that mental illness may represent a disturbance in either of these components or in the coupling between different moods. Such a proposed model is based upon the linear–non-linear relationships between symptoms of anxiety and depression, and how these dynamics change as illness severity increases. If true, then non-linear dynamics may have important clinical implications for classification of mental disorders (necessitating revision in diagnostic approaches and the classification of mental disorders), identification of novel treatments (small but well-timed, pulse interventions or multifaceted, whole patient approaches), and monitoring of dynamics (i.e., cardiac monitoring) and response. For this reason, a dynamical systems approach has been advocated for psychiatrists and psychologists alike, but such advice may be of particular importance to primary care physicians. However, these implications are based upon preliminary evidence that a non-linear, dynamical basis for classification and treatment of mental disorders is more parsimonious than the current linear, symptom level model. Further investigations are needed to assess whether a non-linear, dynamical framework may provide us with a new, yet rewarding, perspective for understanding the emergence and evolution of mental illness.
Constrained Autonomous Precision Landing via Dual Quaternions and Model Predictive Control

The problem of powered descent guidance and control for autonomous precision landing for next-generation planetary missions is addressed. The precision landing algorithm aims to trace a fuel-optimal trajectory while keeping geometrical constraints such as the line of sight to the target site. The design of an autonomous control algorithm managing such mission scenarios is challenging due to fact that critical geometrical constraints are coupled with the translational and rotational motions of the lander spacecraft, leading to a complex motion-planning problem. This problem is approached within the model predictive control framework by representing the dynamics of the rigid body in a uniform gravity field via a piecewise affine system taking advantage of the unit dual-quaternion parameterization. Such a parameterization in turn enables a six-degree-of-freedom motion planning in a unified framework while also admitting a quadratic cost on the required control commands to minimize propellant consumption. A n...
Changes in acceptance of evolution in a college-level general education course

AbstractEvolutionary theory is central to the biological sciences, and to critical aspects of everyday life, and yet a significant proportion of Americans reject evolution. Our study sets out to examine the role of a second year college general education course in affecting students’ acceptance of evolution. We report three years of data using the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) instrument, and show that students make small and sometimes statistically significant gains in acceptance over the course of a semester. We found no evidence that including evolution topics in coursework caused an overall decrease in acceptance of evolution. We suggest that increased coursework on evolution topics, especially using interactive teaching methods, may increase acceptance of evolution.
The lithium vapor box divertor

It has long been recognized that volumetric dissipation of the plasma heat flux from a fusion power system is preferable to its localized impingement on a material surface. Volumetric dissipation mitigates both the anticipated very high heat flux and intense particle-induced damage due to sputtering. Recent projections to a tokamak demonstration power plant suggest an immense upstream parallel heat flux, of order 20 GW m−2, implying that fully detached operation may be a requirement for the success of fusion power. Building on pioneering work on the use of lithium by Nagayama et al and by Ono et al as well as earlier work on the gas box divertor by Watkins and Rebut, we present here a concept for a lithium vapor box divertor, in which lithium vapor extracts momentum and energy from a fusion-power-plant divertor plasma, using fully volumetric processes. At the high powers and pressures that are projected this requires a high density of lithium vapor, which must be isolated from the main plasma in order to avoid lithium build-up on the chamber walls or in the plasma. Isolation is achieved through a powerful multi-box differential pumping scheme available only for condensable vapors. The preliminary box-wise calculations are encouraging, but much more work is required to demonstrate the practical viability of this scheme, taking into account at least 2D plasma and vapor flows within and between the vapor boxes and out of the vapor boxes to the main plasma.
Goals and Expectations of Continuation High School Students Transitioning to Postsecondary Education

Background: Students at a continuation high school (CHS) attended an occupational therapy program to acquire life skills in preparation for their transition from secondary education. Most of the students who participated in the OT program planned to pursue a postsecondary education (PSE), but the CHS students encountered many barriers in negotiating the requirements of PSE. Discernment of these barriers encountered by the CHS students may enable the occupational therapy practitioners to better prepare the students for PSE. Method: This was a qualitative phenomenological study based on analyses of interview data. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with eight CHS senior students and five CHS graduates with the aim to explore the students’ beliefs and knowledge regarding their transition to PSE. Results: The CHS students consistently reported PSE to be essential for successful adulthood but were unable to describe basic PSE entry requirements and processes. The students did not report concerns regarding their intellectual aptitude for PSE but reported entrenched negative behaviors, particularly truancy, as potential barriers to success. The students acknowledged responsibility for their successes and/or failures without blaming either others or the social environment. Conclusion: It is recommended that OT interventions focus on guiding the students to access knowledge of the PSE process and set realistic personal, education, and career goals with incremental action steps leading to goal achievement.
Isolated Mammillary Body Infarct Causing Global Amnesia: A Case Report.

Objectives Mamillary bodies play an important role in human memory and emotions. Vascular lesions causing an isolated mammillary body lesion without affecting the surrounding structures are very rare. Methods A 53-year-old male was brought to the emergency department with acute-onset memory problems suggestive of partial anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Results Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an isolated left mammillary body infarct sparing adjacent structures. Conclusion Mamillary bodies play an intrinsic role in memory formation and retrieval rather than acting as relay-only station for hippocampal projections. Non-hippocampal input from the limbic midbrain via the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden could be contributing to its function.
Computationally connecting organic photovoltaic performance to atomistic arrangements and bulk morphology

Rationally designing roll-to-roll printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) requires a fundamental understanding of active layer morphologies optimised for charge separation and transport, and which ing...
Delivering Diagnoses: Parents As Translators and Withholders of Children's Mental Health Diagnoses

There is a lack of research on how mental health diagnoses are delivered and explained to children and the effectiveness of these strategies. This qualitative study examines how emerging adults recall the delivery of mental health diagnoses in childhood and how they suggest these diagnoses should be delivered to children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 emerging adults (aged 18–22) who were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorders, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and/or bipolar disorder in childhood. Findings reveal that parents, rather than mental health professionals, often inform children of their diagnoses. The data suggest that parents often act as translators of diagnostic information, acting as liaisons between mental health professionals and their children. The paper explores ways in which parents and mental health professionals withhold diagnoses from children, and how this affects children’s experiences. Drawing on their own experiences, participants offer suggestions regarding the best ways to deliver diagnoses to children. Findings suggest that adults should share mental health diagnoses openly with children. Implications for social workers and other allied health professionals who support families when children are diagnosed are discussed.
NEAR BARRIER FISSION INDUCED WITH PHOTONS.

Theoretical expressions are developed for near barrier fission of even targets induced with dipole and quadrupole photons. Although the formulas are developed for a single-humped fission barrier and valid when the second barrier has the higher energy, the same equations are applicable for a two-humped barrier by introducing a more complicated expression for the fission transmission coefficients. Dipole fission of an odd mass target is discussed also. Some comparisons are made between theory and experiment.
Dynamic Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Temporally Modulated High Injectability and Stability Using a Biocompatible Catalyst

Injectable and biocompatible hydrogels have become increasingly important for cell transplantation to provide mechanical protection of cells during injection and a stable scaffold for cell adhesion post-injection. Injectable hydrogels need to be easily pushed through a syringe needle and quickly recover to a gel state, thus generally requiring noncovalent or dynamic cross-linking. However, a dilemma exists in the design of dynamic hydrogels: hydrogels with fast exchange of cross-links are easier to eject using less force, but lack long-term stability; in contrast, slow exchange of cross-links improves stability, but compromises injectability and thus the ability to protect cells under flow. A new concept to resolve this dilemma using a biocompatible catalyst to modulate the dynamic properties of hydrogels at different time points of application to have both high injectability and high stability is presented. Hyaluronic acid based hydrogels are formed through dynamic covalent hydrazone cross-linking in the presence of a biocompatible benzimidazole-based catalyst. The catalyst accelerates the formation and exchange of hydrazone bonds, enhancing injectability, but rapidly diffuses away from the hydrogel after injection to retard the exchange and improve the long-term stability for cell culture.
Dollars and antisense for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Eteplirsen and dystrophin

The world has changed for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Despite numerous important refinements in therapy over prior decades, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy remained elusive until 2016. Now there are 2 such therapies, eteplirsen and deflazacort, in addition to prednisone, which has been used off-label for many years. However, controversies abound for both new treatments. Both are costly, and the pricing of deflazacort in particular has drawn criticism because it is a corticosteroid that has been in widespread use outside the United States for many years.1
Examples of Control Systems

Feedback control is a process of regulating a physical system to a desired output based on the feedback of actual outputs of the system. Feedback control systems are ubiquitous around us, including trajectory planning of a robot manipulator, guidance of a tactical missile toward a moving target, regulation of room temperature, and control of string vibrations. These control systems can be abstracted by Figure 1.1. Here a plant subject to a disturbance d is given, and a controller is to be designed so that the output y tracks the reference r. The plant can be modeled by either a system of ordinary differential equations (finite dimensional systems) or partial differential equations (infinite dimensional systems).
A Homology Theory for Small Categories

The notion of derived functors is well-established as being a powerful and profound tool in diverse areas of mathematics. The theme of Cartan-Eilenberg [1] is that almost all algebraic homology theories are examples thereof; and Grothendieck [5] displays Cech cohomology of topological spaces as a further deep application.
Second Thoughts: Americans’ Views on the Death Penalty at the Turn of the Century

Between 1996 and 2001 American support for the death penalty showed a marked decline from the extraordinarily high levels that had persisted over the previous fifteen years. We argue that the falling crime rates of the 1990s were an important enabling condition for this change, but are not sufficient to explain it. Drawing on theory and research in attitude change, we argue that three additional factors made change possible. First, the public was exposed to new information, suggesting that the conviction of innocent people was shockingly common in capital trials, and that DNA testing could provide scientific proof of their innocence in some cases. Second, this information was organized into a compelling new script, depicting incompetent defense lawyers, lazy or dishonest police and prosecutors, and blameless citizens spending years on death row for other people's crimes. Third, the possibility of a moratorium on executions offered a new option, allowing people to reconsider their attitudes without reversing their positions. Equally significant were changes in the socio-political context of the 1990s. With near unanimity in support for the death penalty, there was no serious controversy to keep the issue alive as a matter of private concern or public debate, and it faded from the national political agenda. As a consequence, support for the death penalty is no longer a defining credential for conservatism; in the new political climate conservatives as well as liberals can express doubts and criticisms, and some have. The net result is an atmosphere conducive to change.
TritonBot: First Lessons Learned from Deployment of a Long-Term Autonomy Tour Guide Robot

Service robots perform flawless demos while their developers are keeping a close eye, but they often fail when working autonomously, especially in a long-term deployment. To study failure modes and human-robot interaction patterns in long-term deployments, we built TritonBot, a long-term autonomy robot working as a building receptionist and a tour guide. It recognizes people's face, talks to them, and guides people to the labs and facilities in an office building. This paper presents the design of TritonBot and the lessons we learned from the first-month deployment with respect to technical and human-robot interaction aspects. TritonBot and its variant BoxBot have worked for 108.7 hours, actively interacted with people for 22.1 hours, greeted people 2950 times, guided 150 tours, and traveled 9.9 kilometers. We share the components of TritonBot using an open licence to help the community to replicate the TritonBot platform and inspire long-term autonomy and human-robot interaction research.
Drying drives decline in muskrat population in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada

Empirical and anecdotal reports suggest that muskrat are in decline across North America, including in the Peace-Athabasca Delta ("Delta"), Canada, one of the largest inland deltas in the world and part of a World Heritage Site with "in Danger" status pending. Muskrat are a key ecological indicator in the Delta. We investigate whether the largescale loss of critical habitat over the past half-century could be driving a decline in muskrat abundance in the Delta. To do this, we use the Landsat record (1972-2017) to construct a 46-year record of inundation, and compare changes in the extent of critical habitat to the survey record for muskrat (1970-2016) over this 5500 km2 region. Results show that the declines in critical habitat and muskrat numbers in the Delta are synchronous: ~1450 km2 of temporarily inundated regions that support critical habitat have diminished by ~10 km2/year over the past 46 years, while the muskrat population density (houses/km2) has also declined and is significantly related to critical habitat area (km2) (R2 =0.60, P=0.0001). These findings have implications for the Delta, a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in part for its role as habitat for nearly 200 species of birds, many of which rely on the aquatic habitat considered here. Our results further suggest that the loss of wetland habitat is a primary driver of the decline of muskrat across the species' native range.
How Annualized Wavelet Trading “Beats” the Market

The market refers to the S&P 500 stock index SPY, which is an important benchmark of U.S. stock performances, and “beating” the market means earning a return greater than the market. The purpose of this paper is to showcase an annualized wavelet trading strategy (WT) that outperforms the market at a fast rate. The strategy is contained in the website AgateWavelet.com. No prediction of market prices is involved and using the website does not require any skills on the part of the trader. By trading the index SPY back and forth about 4 to 5 times a week for a year, the wavelet trader WT has an expected rate of return approximately 26% higher than the market. The Sharpe ratios are computed and they show that WT also has a higher expected risk-adjusted return than the market. The result is a surprise since SPY has long been considered to be a stock to buy and hold. In addition, proponents of the Efficient Market and Random Walk hypotheses claim that the market is “unbeatable” because market prices are unpredictable. Thus WT also provides a counterexample to this claim.
Single Sided Coplanar Waveguide

A single-sided variant of ground-backed coplanar waveguide is presented and compared to microstrip and traditional symmetric GB-CPW. Potential advantages include reduced PC board real-estate consumption, good signal isolation, and ability to add-on transmission-line components including filters and impedance matching stubs during prototyping. Experimental comparison results are reported from DC to 30GHz from a low cost, 4-layer FR4 process test board.
The Economics of Information: An Empirical Approach to Nelson's Search-Experience Framework:

The economics of information offers a framework within which consumer responses to advertising may be examined. This research tests the propositions espoused by Nelson regarding differential skepti...
Thrown into the deep end of the pool with hepatitis C

ABSTRACTThis narrative describes the process of developing a community-based Hepatitis C virus treatment program in in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, where the politics of the work environment were t...
Takeoff and Performance Trade-Offs of Retrofit Distributed Electric Propulsion for Urban Transport

While vertical takeoff and landing aircraft have shown promise for urban air transport, distributed electric propulsion on existing aircraft may offer immediately implementable alternatives. Distri...
Trait plasticity and covariance along a continuous soil moisture gradient

Water is perhaps the greatest environmental determinant of plant yield and fitness, yet our understanding of plant-water relations is limited because it is primarily informed by experiments that have treated soil moisture variability as two simple discrete levels - wet and dry - rather than a continually varying environmental gradient. Here we used experimental and statistical methods based on function-valued traits to study responses to continuously varying soil moisture gradient in a suite of physiological and morphological traits in two species and multiple genotypes of the model grass Brachypodium. We find that the majority of traits exhibit non-linear responses to soil moisture variability. We also observe differences in the shape of these non-linear responses between traits, species, and genotypes. Emergent phenomena arise from this variation including changes in trait correlations and evolutionary constraints as a function of soil moisture. These results point to the importance of considering non-linearity in plant-water relations to predict plastic and evolutionary responses to changing climates.
Neural Markers of Vulnerability to Anxiety Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury

Anxiety outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are complex, and the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we developed a multi-dimensional behavioral profiling approach to investigate anxiety-like outcomes in mice that takes into account individual variability. Departing from the tradition of comparing outcomes in TBI versus sham groups, we identified a subgroup within the TBI group that is vulnerable to anxiety dysfunction, and present increased exploration of the anxiogenic zone compared to sham controls or resilient injured animals, by applying dimensionality reduction, clustering, and post hoc validation to behavioral data obtained from multiple assays for anxiety at several post-injury time points. These vulnerable animals expressed distinct molecular profiles in the corticolimbic network, with downregulation in gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate and upregulation in neuropeptide Y markers. Indeed, among vulnerable animals, not resilient or sham controls, severity of anxiety-related outcomes correlated strongly with expression of molecular markers. Our results establish a foundational approach, with predictive power, for reliably identifying maladaptive anxiety outcomes after TBI and uncovering neural signatures of vulnerability to anxiety.
Comparison studies on degradation mechanisms of perfluoropolyether lubricants and model lubricants

The degradation mechanisms of some perfluoropolyether lubricants, model lubricants and DLC coating were studied in this paper. The degradation fragments from the tests of the PFPE lubricants can be divided into two groups. One group includes the gas fragments containing fluorine atoms, which are generated from the decomposition of the lubricants themselves; while the other group, including H2, C2H3, C2H5, and CO2, is generated from the degradation of the DLC coating on the disk surfaces. The test results from the model lubricants clearly show that the carbon dioxide produced in the tests is generated from the DLC coating, not from the decomposition of the lubricants or model lubricants. The C–O bond is a weak bond in both the lubricant and model lubricant molecules; it is easier to be broken. Because of the polar characteristics of the C–O bond, it is easy to be attacked and broken down by low-energy electrons generated during sliding. Triboelectrical reaction is a dominant degradation mechanism of the lubricants and model lubricants.
Attributions of Responsibility for Military Misconduct: Constraint, Identification, and Severity

Although a great deal of research and theory in social psychology has addressed issues surrounding the attribution of moral responsibility, a paucity of research has examined a topic of continuing ...
Self-similar generalized Riemann problems for the 1-D isothermal Euler system

We consider self-similar solutions to the 1-dimensional isothermal Euler system for compressible gas dynamics. For each $$\beta \in {\mathbb {R}}$$ , the system admits solutions of the form $$\begin{aligned} \rho (t,x)=t^\beta \Omega (\xi )\qquad u(t,x)=U(\xi )\qquad \qquad \textstyle \xi =\frac{x}{t}, \end{aligned}$$ where $$\rho $$ and u denote the density and velocity fields. The ODEs for $$\Omega $$ and U can be solved implicitly and yield the solution to generalized Riemann problems with initial data $$\begin{aligned} \rho (0,x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} R_l |x|^\beta &{} x 0 \end{array}\right. \qquad u(0,x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} U_l &{} x 0, \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$ where $$R_l,\, R_r>0$$ and $$U_l,\ U_r$$ are arbitrary constants. For $$\beta \in (-1,0)$$ , the data are locally integrable but unbounded at $$x=0$$ , while for $$\beta \in (0,1)$$ , the data are locally bounded and continuous but with unbounded gradients at $$x=0$$ . Any (finite) degree of smoothness of the data is possible by choosing $$\beta >1$$ sufficiently large and $$U_l=U_r$$ . (The case $$\beta \le -1$$ is unphysical as the initial density is not locally integrable and is not treated in this work.) The case $$\beta =0$$ corresponds to standard Riemann problems whose solutions are combinations of backward and forward shocks and rarefaction waves. In contrast, for $$\beta \in (-1,\infty )\smallsetminus \{0\}$$ , we construct the self-similar solution and show that it always contains exactly two shock waves. These are necessarily generated at time $$0+$$ and move apart along straight lines. We provide a physical interpretation of the solution structure and describe the behavior of the solution in the emerging wedge between the shock waves.
Princess parrotfish Scarus taeniopterus age, growth, maturity, and transition

Princess parrotfish Scarus taeniopterus is one of the top three parrotfish species landed in the Caribbean, and the top Scarus species targeted in commercial fishing efforts; however, a paucity of information exists concerning basic life history information for Caribbean parrotfish species. Prior to this work, no comprehensive life history information existed in the literature for princess parrotfish. This study provides the first comprehensive documentation of age, growth, size/age at sexual maturity, and size/age at transition for a Caribbean Scarus species. Sampling of 759 fish occurred in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands from October 2015 to February 2020. Females ranged from 50 to 250 mm total length (TL) and 0 to 7 years of age, males ranged from 159 to 314 mm TL and 2 to 11 years, and transitional fish ranged from 140 to 292 mm TL and 2 to 6 years. Previously unknown von Bertalanffy parameters (L∞ = 301 and k = 0.316) and length at median sexual maturity (LM50 = 119 mm TL), age at median sexual maturity (AM50 = 1.5 years), length at median sexual transition (LS50 = 223 mm TL), and age at median sexual transition (AS50 = 4.2 years) will enable stock assessments and informed management for this Caribbean parrotfish.
Be Who You Are Meant To Be

The relationship between the Christian and culture is the overarching theme in the Petrine epistles, making them relevant now as they were first penned. Both 1 and 2 Peter can be considered as “epistles of hope” with “the best commentaries on Matthew 5:10, ‘blessed are the persecuted because of righteousness…” This paper’s primary question is: “In calling his readers to be holy in all their conduct, what does Peter identify as help and hindrances?” The answers are discussions of identity: the “identity” of the One who elects, the present identity of the elected people, and the life that identifies them as elect in contrast to the identity of the non-elect. By admonishing his audience to consider these, Peter hopes that they will remain committed to their faith in the midst of persecution and challenges. Instead of despair and apostasy, Christians ought to remember their identity and calling as the chosen people of God.
Lack of Association Between Neurohormonal Blockade and Survival in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Background Despite the belief that heart failure therapies are not effective in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, data are limited. We tested the association of neurohormonal blockade use with sur...
Unique continuation on the boundary for Dini domains

We show that the normal derivative of a harmonic function which vanishes on an open subset of the boundary of a Dini domain cannot vanish on a subset of positive surface measure.
Performance of digital discrete-time implementations of non-Foster circuit elements

There is renewed interest in the use of non-Foster circuit elements in a variety of important applications such as wideband impedance matching and artificial magnetic conductors. Although non-Foster devices such as negative capacitors and negative inductors can be realized using current conveyors and Linvill circuits, a digital design approach may offer an important alternative in some applications. Therefore, digital discrete-time implementations of non-Foster circuit elements are investigated, and simulation results are presented for the implementation of a discrete-time negative inductor and a discrete-time negative capacitor.
Processing of endoscopic optical coherence tomography images for quantitative diagnosis of dysplasia

This work aims to develop computer-aided diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus using endoscopic optical coherence tomography. Current image processing methods include attenuation measurement and texture analysis. Preliminary results indicate encouraging differentiation of dysplastic from nondysplastic tissue.
Quantum effects in the Josephson approach to a CDW

The earlier work of Barnes and Zawadowski is generalized to a time dependent formalism. This permits the study of a.c. mixing, the equivalent of photon assisted tunneling and other quantum effects. Because the gap is so large such quantum effects and in particular the equivalent of photon assisted tunneling are not important for typical frequencies encountered in experiments to date. However a theory which describes the local dynamics by the Josephson modified classical equations but which includes fluctuations as a way of representing the flexibility of the CDW does lead to a scaling relation which might be compared that proposed by the Illinois group and based upon Bardeen's tunneling theory.
Pauli-corrected Breit-Wigner formulae for compound resonances in two- and three-cluster systems

Breit-Wigner formulae for compound resonances in two- and three-cluster systems are derived. Analytic corrections due to the Pauli principle with regard to corresponding formulae for partial resonance widths and resonance pole shifts are given. In the case of a system of three composite particles a model is formulated in which sudden decay into three clusters is determined by the knowledge of the microscopical compound state of the metastable decaying nucleus. The derivation of the Breit-Wigner formulae in the case of a three-cluster system is based on the study of the asymptotic behavior of the full three-body Green's function. In the case of the two-body channel situation the formalism presented here is a modification of the Wildermuth-Benohr reaction theory.
Chapter 2 Thin Film Electroluminescence

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the concept of thin film electroluminescence (TFEL). It discusses two points: large-area flat panel displays and large-area light sources. The second point inherited from other forms of high field electroluminescence and powder electroluminescence (EL) of all kinds generates the fiction of walls of soft cold light, radiating with hitherto unknown efficiency from everywhere. Phosphors, luminescent solid-state materials, in powder form had been the first response to requests for large area. Since the discovery of electroluminescence by Destriau (1936), powder phosphors had been explored and to some extent even used for so-called cold lamps. Either driven by DC or AC voltages, they reached limited lifetimes, which strongly depend on drive level or light output required. Large information content displays are manufactured based on pulse driven (DC) powder screens. The only application of AC powder electroluminescence is in specialty lamps.
Rhythmicity of hamster gnawing: Ease of measurement and similarity to running activity

Abstract Adult hamsters gnawed a wooden dowel which passively protruded into the cage. Gnawing was detected by a simple switch closed by movement of the dowel in the X-Y plane. Rhythmicity of the gnawing activity was circadian in nature and closely resembled the wheelrunning rhythm recorded simultaneously or sequentially under a variety of lighting conditions. Intact or castrated male or female hamsters did not differ in the mean number of switch closures generated per 24 hr by gnawing. There was a very large interindividual difference with this measure. The data indicated a tendency for the daily amplitude of gnawing to vary with the estrous cycle. The gnawbar may prove useful as a device for assessing effects of photoperiod on endocrine variables which can be obscured if hamsters have access to running wheels.
Effects of complex geomorphic history on soil and vegetation patterns on arid alluvial fans

The influence of geomorphic history on soil development and vegetation patterns was examined on an alluvial fan in the northern Sonoran Desert. The fan comprised three depositional surfaces ranging in age from early-mid Pleistocene to Holocene. Many plant species showed downfan increases or decreases in cover, as others have reported previously. Soil variables, however, failed to show the simple downfan textural gradient that has traditionally been viewed as the underlying control of downfan variation in plant species composition. Furthermore, depositional surfaces differed not only in terms of pedogenic development and associated physical and chemical characteristics, but also in terms of the plant species each supported. These results emphasize that alluvial fans constitute a three-dimensional landscape mosaic composed of fan surfaces, each with distinct edaphic conditions and vegetation. An appreciation of this geomorphic complexity, which is typical in arid environments, is critical to the understanding of vegetation patterns on alluvial fans.
Requirement of vimentin filament assembly for β3-Adrenergic receptor activation of ERK MAP* kinase and lipolysis

Catecholamine stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) in adipocytes activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase to promote liberation of fatty acids as a fuel source. The adipocyte β3AR also activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1 and -2 through direct recruitment and activation of Src kinase. This pathway together with cAMP-dependent protein kinase contributes to maximal β3AR-stimulated lipolysis. In a search for other molecules that might associate with β3AR upon agonist stimulation, we identified vimentin using a proteomics approach. Immunoprecipitation of β3AR from adipocytes in the absence or presence of the β3AR agonist CL316,243, followed by Western blotting for vimentin confirmed this specific interaction. Since vimentin has also been identified on lipid droplets, the functional consequences of blocking the expression or structural integrity of vimentin intermediate filaments on β3AR regulation of ERK activation and lipolysis was assessed. Following disruption of intermediate filaments with β,β′-iminodipropionitrile, as confirmed by confocal microscopy, β3AR-stimulated ERK activation was blocked, and lipolysis was reduced by more than 40%. Independently, depletion of vimentin by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) completely inhibited β3AR-mediated ERK activation and significantly reduced lipolysis. By contrast, disruption of actin-containing microfilaments by cytochalasin D or microtubules by nocodazole had no effect on either lipolysis or ERK activation. These results indicate that vimentin plays an essential role in the signal transduction pathway from β3AR to the activation ERK and its contribution to lipolysis.
Current issues in the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

retinoic acid (ATRA), both PML-dependent apoptotic mechanisms and myeloid-specific gene expression programs are reactivated. In the clinic, the combination of anthracycline-based chemotherapy plus ATRA cures approximately 80% of APL patients, and a high percentage of relapsed patients can achieve second remissions with arsenic trioxide. With the publication of results from the European APL 93 trial, the ‘standard-of-care’ for induction treatment of APL now includes ATRA plus concurrent anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The amount and type of consolidation therapy necessary for an individual APL patient remains somewhat of an open question, but at present should include at least two cycles of chemotherapy. Based on recent trials that demonstrate a benefit of maintenance ATRA ( ± low-dose chemotherapy), all APL patients should probably receive some type of maintenance therapy. While the above approach currently cures the majority of APL patients, future improvements in the treatment of this disease will require risk-adapted protocols that incorporate real-time molecular monitoring and appropriate introduction of novel therapeutic agents.
Removal of dissolved metals by plant tissue

Various types of microbial biomass have been shown to adsorb metals dissolved in aqueous media. It has now been demonstrated that certain plant tissues are also effective for this type of adsorption process. In particular, tomato and tobacco roots harvested from field-grown plants were shown to adsorb Sr from an aqueous solution of SrCl(2). Distribution coefficients in excess of 550 were measured and the adsorption isotherms at 25 degrees C could be fitted to Langmuir-type expressions. The bioadsorbent could be regenerated and metals recovered by either a reduction in the pH to less than 2.0 or by use of a concentrated chloride salt solution.