cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pitch-damping coefficients at hypersonic speeds.

Equation (A6) may be recognized as the Mathieu equation; two of the zones of parametric resonance determined by this equation are shown in Fig. 6 (zones A and B in the figure). Such zones define regions where the solutions of Eq. (A6) exhibit an exponential growth of the form e^. The iso-ju lines shown in the figure connect points of equal growth rate, the boundaries of the zone corresponding to ju = 0. Considering these lines as a measure of the strength of the parametric excitation, we see that the excitation is stronger in the interior regions of the zones. The figure also shows straight line loci of the values of the load ratio qi/qi for fixed values of Tr/ri. These loci intersect the zones of parametric resonance. As qi/qi is increased from zero, for fixed rr/ri, the loci first intersect zone A. If the excitation in the region of the zone traversed by the loci is sufficiently strong, snapping will occur at some critical value of the load ratio. However, as TV/TI is raised, the regions of the zone traversed by the loci become increasingly weaker in excitation. Eventually the excitation in this zone becomes too weak to precipitate snapping. As a result the load ratios must be increased above unity to satisfy the conditions of parametric resonance in zone B, the snapping phenomenon now being precipitated by the excitation in this zone. Thus, it is seen that the change in the zone of parametric resonance accounts for both the jump in critical load ratio and the appearance of load ratios greater than unity (see Fig. 2) .
Retinoic Acid Resistance at Late Stages of Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Mediated Transformation of Human Keratinocytes Arises Despite Intact Retinoid Signaling and Is Due to a Loss of Sensitivity to Transforming Growth Factor-β

Abstract In our in vitro model of human cell carcinogenesis, normal human foreskin keratinocytes (HKc) transfected with human papillomavirus type 16 DNA (HKc/HPV16) progress toward malignancy through several phenotypically defined and reproducible “steps” that include immortalization, growth factor independence (HKc/GFI), differentiation resistance (HKc/DR), and ultimately malignant conversion. While HKc/HPV16 are very sensitive to growth inhibition by all- trans -retinoic acid (RA) at early passages, they lose their sensitivity to RA during progression in culture. However, gel mobility shift assays using the retinoid response elements DR1 and DR5 showed no changes in binding activity of nuclear extracts obtained from HKc/HPV16 at different stages of in vitro progression. Similarly, Western blot analyses for retinoic acid receptor γ-1 and the retinoid X receptors failed to reveal any decreases in the levels of these retinoid receptors throughout progression. In addition, luciferase activity driven by the SV40 promoter with a DR5 enhancer element was activated following RA treatment of HKc/DR that were resistant to growth inhibition by RA. Since RA induces transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in normal HKc and HKc/HPV16, we investigated whether this response changed during progression. Again, RA induced TGF-β2 mRNA in early and late passage HKc/HPV16, HKc/GFI, and HKc/DR approximately to the same extent, confirming that the RA signaling pathways remained intact during in vitro progression despite the fact that the cells become resistant to growth inhibition by RA. We then investigated the sensitivity of HKc/HPV16 to growth inhibition by TGF-β. While early passage HKc/HPV16 were as sensitive as normal HKc to growth inhibition by TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, the cells became increasingly resistant to both TGF-β isotypes during in vitro progression. In addition, while both RA and TGF-β produced a decrease in the levels of mRNA for the HPV16 oncogenes E6 and E7 in early passage HKc/HPV16, this effect was also lost at later stages of progression. Finally, blocking anti-TGF-β antibodies partially prevented RA inhibition of growth and E6/E7 expression in early passage HKc/HPV16. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that inhibition of growth and HPV16 early gene expression in HKc/HPV16 by RA is mediated by TGF-β and that a loss of RA sensitivity is linked to TGF-β resistance rather than alterations in RA signaling.
Characterization of thermophilic Campylobacter. I: Carbon-substrate utilization tests

The carbon-substrate utlization profile of 234 wild strains of thermophilic campylobacters originating from different animal sources and different part of the world was studied using a microgallery as well as the profile of 25 type strains ofCampylobacter species and reference strains ofCampylobacter-like organisms. Among the 98 substrates tested, succinate, fumarate,d-l-lactate,l-malate, pyruvate,l-glutamate,l-aspartate, andl-serine (with one exception for the last two) were always utilized by the wild strains, and acetate, propionate,d-malate, 2-cetoglutarate, itaconate, citrate, andl-proline by some of the strains. A strong association was found between assimilation ofd-malate and a positive hippurate test.
Nurturing clients’ trust to encourage engagement success during the customization of ERP systems

Abstract Customization is a crucial, lengthy, and costly aspect in the successful implementation of ERP systems, and has, accordingly, become a major specialty of many vendors and consulting companies. This study examines how such companies can increase their clients’ perception of engagement success through increased client trust that is brought about through responsive and dependable customization. Survey data from ERP customization clients show that, as hypothesized, clients’ trust influenced their perception of engagement success with the company. The data also show that clients’ trust in the customization company was increased when the company behaved in accordance with client expectations by being responsive, and decreased when the company behaved in a manner that contradicted these expectations by not being dependable. Responses to an open-ended question addendum attached to the survey corroborated the importance of responsiveness and dependability. Implications for customization companies and research on trust are discussed.
MRI Scanners and the Stapes Prosthesis

OBJECTIVE:: Physicians and patients alike have concerns regarding exposing in vivo implanted metal stapes prostheses to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. As MRI scanners become more powerful, the possibility for stapes prosthesis displacement due to ferromagnetic forces increases. It is hypothesized that some metal stapes prostheses may be exposed to powerful MRI scanners without leading to potential adversities for patients. STUDY DESIGN:: Literature review, retrospective case review, and physician survey. SETTINGS:: Tertiary care, University Medical Center. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: A review of the medical literature,a retrospective case review, and a clinical survey were performed. RESULTS:: In the history of stapes prostheses, 1 adverse patient outcome was causally substantiated when a defective stapes prosthesis was exposed to an MRI field. Otherwise, a review of the literature on experiments investigating stapes prostheses and MRI fields revealed a lack of any adverse clinical reports. In addition, 2 physician's surveys revealed no other cases of symptoms or damage to the ears of patients with stapes prostheses that had been exposed to an MRI scanner. CONCLUSION:: All patients with a metallic stapes prosthesis may be sent to the MRI scanner, with the exception of 1 specific defective prosthesis type. The exception is a 1987 accidental mismanufacture of several lots of McGee pistons with a magnetic alloy. Patients with these specifically identified lots of McGee pistons should go to a computed tomographic scanner or be reimplanted with another prosthesis if MRI scans are mandatory. It would be advisable for manufacturers to use nonferromagnetic metals such as titanium for production of future stapes prostheses.
Thermal conductivity of niobium-titanium

Abstract Phonon conduction predominates in NbTi below 4.2°K; the thermal conductivity is independent of field up to 6 000 G.
Sexualized violence and the gendered commodification of the animal body in Pacific Northwest US dairy production

This article draws on a case study of bovine life in the US dairy industry to observe the power relations and violent networks of commodification involved. I use the terms gendered commodification and sexualized violence to understand the lives of animals in the industry and the discourses that are employed to reproduce its practices. Focusing on sex and gender, concepts which have long been classic in feminist geography, this article explores the sexually violent commodification of both female and male animals in dairy production. In addition to the ways in which both are exploited for their productive and reproductive capacities, male animals are also discursively conceptualized as perpetrators of the violence against the females. This article engages with geographies of the body and animal geographies in order to extend geographies of the body to other-than-human bodies and in order to feature the body more prevalently in animal geographies. This attention to the animal body ultimately reveals the perv...
Citalopram overdose: late presentation of torsades de pointes (TdP) with cardiac arrest.

Citalopram overdose may produce bradycardia, QT prolongation, and torsades de pointes (TdP). A cardiotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the delayed onset of cardiotoxicity. Although some authorities recommend a minimum of 24 hours of observation following citalopram overdose, a recent analysis suggested that dysrhythmias rarely occur beyond 13 hours post-ingestion. We present a case of citalopram overdose with a substantially delayed onset of cardiac toxicity. A 36-year-old woman complained of shakiness, numbness in the arms, and palpitations that began approximately 32 hours after ingesting 50 (20-mg) tablets of citalopram. Her initial vital signs were: blood pressure, 84/44 mmHg; pulse, 102–150/minute; respirations, 17/min; temperature, 99.3° F (37.3° C). Her initial ECG showed sinus rhythm with a prolonged corrected QT interval (572 msec) with paroxysmal, self-limited runs of wide-complex tachycardia that appeared multifocal in nature. Approximately 20 minutes after presentation, she experienced self-terminating TdP, with transient hypotension and loss of consciousness. Her serum citalopram concentration (33 hours post-ingestion) was 477 ng/mL (therapeutic: 40–110 ng/mL); desmethylcitalopram concentration was 123.2 ng/mL (therapeutic: 14–40 ng/mL). She was treated with magnesium and lidocaine, and her corrected QT interval remained abnormal for 24 hours after presentation. Citalopram overdose can produce life-threatening cardiac toxicity with a clinical onset that may be delayed beyond a routine observation period of 6 hours. Once the QT interval is prolonged, it seems prudent to prolong the observation period.
Orbifold construction in subfactors

We use the lattice models to determine the obstructions to the flatness of the orbifold connections in some finite depth subsfactors.
Repeated Evolution of Fused Thoracic Vertebrae in Songbirds

ABSTRACT. The fusion of two or more thoracic vertebrae, independent of the synsacrum, is more widespread in the Passeriformes than has previously been reported. The bone thus formed is known as a “notarium.” I surveyed oscine passerine skeletons and found a notarium with fully fused vertebrae in Chabert's Vanga (Leptopterus chabert), certain woodswallows (Artamidae) and shrikes (Laniidae), the Willie Wagtail (Rhipiduridae, Rhipidura leucophrys), the Phainopepla (Bombycillidae, Phainopepla nitens), the penduline tits (Remizidae) including the Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps), various larks (Alaudidae), the Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), the sickle-billed thrashers (Toxostoma spp.), and the crossbills (Loxia spp.). Mapping of character evolution on a supertree suggests that a fully fused notarium has evolved independently at least 12 times in the oscine passerines and that notaria with less extensive fusion of the vertebrae (only the spinous processes fused, for example) are even more widespread phylogenet...
Mechanism of Annular Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer Enhancement and Pressure Drop Penalty in the Presence of a Radial Electric Field—Turbulence Analysis

The mechanism of heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty in the presence of a radial electric field for the two-phase (liquid/vapor) annular flow is presented. The turbulence spectral theory shows that the radial electric field fluctuation changes the turbulent energy distribution, especially in the radial direction. Consequently, the Reynolds stresses are directly affected by the applied electric field. The analysis reveals that the influence of the applied electric field on the turbulence distribution in an annular two-phase flow leads to the changes in the heat transfer and the pressure drop. The magnitudes of the heat transfer enhancement and the pressure drop penalty are strongly related to the ratio of the radial pressure difference generated by the EHD force to the axial frictional pressure drop
Amygdala habituation and prefrontal functional connectivity in youth with autism spectrum disorders.

Abstract Objective Amygdala habituation, the rapid decrease in amygdala responsiveness to the repeated presentation of stimuli, is fundamental to the nervous system. Habituation is important for maintaining adaptive levels of arousal to predictable social stimuli and decreased habituation is associated with heightened anxiety. Input from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) regulates amygdala activity. Although previous research has shown abnormal amygdala function in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), no study has examined amygdala habituation in a young sample or whether habituation is related to amygdala connectivity with the vmPFC. Method Data were analyzed from 32 children and adolescents with ASD and 56 typically developing controls who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a gender identification task for faces that were fearful, happy, sad, or neutral. Habituation was tested by comparing amygdala activation to faces during the first half versus the second half of the session. VmPFC-amygdala connectivity was examined through psychophysiologic interaction analysis. Results Youth with ASD had decreased amygdala habituation to sad and neutral faces compared with controls. Moreover, decreased amygdala habituation correlated with autism severity as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale. There was a group difference in vmPFC-amygdala connectivity while viewing sad faces, and connectivity predicted amygdala habituation to sad faces in controls. Conclusions Sustained amygdala activation to faces suggests that repeated face presentations are processed differently in individuals with ASD, which could contribute to social impairments. Abnormal modulation of the amygdala by the vmPFC may play a role in decreased habituation.
Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects

Interest in mindfulness and its enhancement has burgeoned in recent years. In this article, we discuss in detail the nature of mindfulness and its relation to other, established theories of attention and awareness in day-to-day life. We then examine theory and evidence for the role of mindfulness in curtailing negative functioning and enhancing positive outcomes in several important life domains, including mental health, physical health, behavioral regulation, and interpersonal relationships. The processes through which mindfulness is theorized to have its beneficial effects are then discussed, along with proposed directions for theoretical development and empirical research.
Restricting Symptoms in the Last Year of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study

Importance Freedom from symptoms is an important determinant of a good death, but little is known about symptom occurrence during the last year of life. Objective To evaluate the monthly occurrence of physical and psychological symptoms leading to restrictions in daily activities (ie, restricting symptoms) among older persons during the last year of life and to determine the associations of demographic and clinical factors with symptom occurrence. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study. Comprehensive assessments were completed every 18 months, and monthly interviews were conducted to assess the presence of restricting symptoms. Of 1002 nondisabled community-dwelling individuals 70 years or older in greater New Haven, Connecticut, eligible to participate, 754 agreed and were enrolled between 1998 and 1999. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the monthly occurrence of restricting symptoms as a dichotomous outcome. The monthly mean count of restricting symptoms was a secondary outcome. Results Among the 491 participants who died after their first interview and before June 30, 2011, mean age at death was 85.8 years, 61.9% were women, and 9.0% were nonwhite. The mean number of comorbid conditions was 2.4, and 73.1% had multimorbidity. The monthly occurrence of restricting symptoms was fairly constant from 12 months before death (20.4%) until 5 months before death (27.4%), when it began to increase rapidly, reaching 57.2% in the month before death. In multivariable analysis, age younger than 85 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.07-1.57]), multimorbidity (OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.09-1.75]), and proximity to time of death (OR, 1.14 per month [95% CI, 1.11-1.16]) were significantly associated with the monthly occurrence of restricting symptoms. Participants who died of cancer had higher monthly symptom occurrence (OR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.03-3.14]) than participants who died of sudden death, although this difference was only marginally significant ( P = .04). Symptom burden did not otherwise differ substantially according to condition leading to death. Conclusions and Relevance Restricting symptoms are common during the last year of life, increasing substantially approximately 5 months before death. Our results highlight the importance of assessing and managing symptoms in older patients, particularly those with multimorbidity.
Long-term performance of ceramic and metal femoral heads on conventional polyethylene in young and active patients: a matched-pair analysis.

Background: Ceramic femoral heads produce less wear of the opposing polyethylene than do metal femoral heads in wear simulation studies. This is a matched-pair analysis of the wear of ceramic and metal femoral heads on conventional polyethylene in uncemented total hip replacements in young, active patients at a minimum of fifteen years of follow-up. Methods: From June 1989 to May 1992, thirty-one matched pairs of alumina ceramic or cobalt-chromium metal femoral heads were identified. Patients were matched on the basis of age, sex, body weight, diagnosis, and activity level. The mean age was 55 ± 9 years (range, twenty-three to sixty-five years) at the time of surgery. All procedures were performed with a posterolateral surgical approach by a single surgeon using press-fit Ranawat-Bernstein femoral stems, Harris-Galante-II acetabular cups, GUR 4150 conventional polyethylene (sterilized in argon), and 28-mm-diameter femoral heads. Wear measurements were performed by two independent observers using the computer-assisted Roman software. Results: The average duration of follow-up was 17 ± 1.7 years (range, fifteen to twenty years). The mean Hospital for Special Surgery hip scores (and standard deviation) in the ceramic and metal groups were 39 ± 4 and 40 ± 3 at the time of final follow-up. The University of California Los Angeles activity score at the time of the final follow-up was 6 ± 2 for both groups. The mean wear rates for the ceramic group and the metal group were 0.086 ± 0.05 mm/yr and 0.137 ± 0.05 mm/yr, respectively (p = 0.0015). There was one reoperation in the ceramic group because of distal femoral osteolysis. There were three failures in the metal group, requiring isolated liner exchange in two hips and revision of the acetabular component in one hip because of wear-induced osteolysis and/or loosening that caused symptoms. Five hips in the ceramic group and six hips in the metal group had radiographic evidence of acetabular or femoral osteolysis, but none were symptomatic. Conclusions: Ceramic femoral heads produced significantly less wear on conventional polyethylene liners at the time of long-term follow-up than did metal heads in this matched-pair analysis of young and active patients with uncemented fixation. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Neglected Institutions: Politics, Administration, and Health Reform

changed, the debate that surrounds it remains entirely predictable. Theda Skocpol describes the contestants: On one side, self-confident, neo-Progressive experts touting rationalizing schemes. On the other, conservative critics deploying "ideological, emotionally charged arguments" (Skocpol 1994). The shrill rhetoric of opposition has alternately bemused and baffled observers. Compulsory insurance was "a dangerous device . . . announced by the German emperor" (in 1918), a force representing "social theory .. socialism, even communism" (in 1932), "the keystone to the arch of socialism" and "a threat to every area of freedom as we have known it (by the 1960s). And always there were the specters of rising taxes and rampant bureaucracy (Morone 1990, chap. 7). However, too much attention to the rhetorical pyrotechnics misleads observers into an overly pluralistic reading of the long health insurance debate. Why don't Americans have national health insurance? Answer: the dreaded Ameri-
Visual robot choreography for clinicians

Robots show potential to be helpful in therapy for children with autism, but there are open questions on how to control the robots. Because clinicians typically lack programming experience, they must currently ask a programmer to program the robots. We hypothesize that clinicians are able to program robots sufficiently for their needs if the programming representation is understandable to them. We are designing a user interface tailored to clinician needs that enables clinicians to program robots. Clinicians, computer scientists, and mechanical engineers are collab-oratively involved in the design process. The first step is enabling clinicians to choreograph existing robot actions into a useful overall robot behavior. We demonstrate that clinicians are capable of choreographing actions with a pilot study.
The effect of complementary and alternative medicine claims on risk adjustment.

Objective—To assess how the inclusion of diagnoses from complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers affects measures of morbidity burden and expectations of health care resource use for insured patients. Methods—Claims data from Washington State were used to create two versions of a case-mix index. One version included claims from all provider types; the second version omitted claims from CAM providers who are covered under commercial insurance. Expected resource use was also calculated. The distribution of expected and actual resource use was then compared for the two indices. Results—Inclusion of CAM providers shifts many patients into higher morbidity categories; 54% of 61,914 CAM users had higher risk scores in the index which included CAM providers. When expected resource use categories were defined based on all providers, CAM users in the highest morbidity category had average (± s.d.) annual expenditures of $6661 (± $13,863). This was less than those in the highest morbidity category when CAM providers were not included in the index ($8562 ± $16,354), and was also lower than the highest morbidity patients who did not use any CAM services ($8419 ± $18,885). Conclusions—Inclusion of services from CAM providers under third party payment increases risk scores for their patients but expectations of costs for this group are lower than expected had costs been estimated based only on services from traditional providers. Additional work is needed to validate risk adjustment indices when adding services from provider groups not included in the development of the index.
Dys‐appearing Tongues and Bodily Memories: The Aging of First‐Generation Resident Koreans in Japan

According to Bourdieu's thesis on habitus, codes of behavior are "memorized" and incorporated by the body, becoming the repertoire of culturally appropriated bodily behaviors.Building on this model, immigrant subjectivity with respect to aging is examined through the concept of bodily memory. I focus here on the negotiation of colonial history, diasporic consciousness, and cultural practice by first-generation resident Koreans of Japan. This paper examines how the bartering of symbolic meanings in the consumption of Korean food reflects postcolonial negotiations of ideologies of difference and how the body acts as a critical site of struggle in the performance of identity.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Patients on Immunomodulatory Therapies

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the white matter of the human brain caused by lytic infection of oligodendrocytes with the human polyomavirus JCV. Although the majority of PML cases occur in severely immune-suppressed individuals, with HIV-1 infection as the predominant factor, PML has been increasingly diagnosed in patients treated with biological therapies such as monoclonal antibodies that modulate immune system functions. Monoclonal antibodies that target the cell adhesion molecules VLA-4 (natalizumab; Tysabri® for multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease) or LFA-1 (efalizumab; Raptiva® for severe forms of plaque psoriasis) to prevent extravasation of inflammatory T cells into tissues, or target the cell surface marker CD20 (rituximab; Rituxan® for hematologic malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis) to deplete peripheral circulating B cells, have all been associated with PML. The link between the effects of these therapies on the immune system and the occurr...
Research on Air Purification Performance of Typical Filter Media

Filter media is designed for industrial dust removal, but in some industrial sites, it is mainly used for air purification. So in the paper, we study air purification performance of typical filter media, including filtration efficiency, resistance, and stage efficiency. The experimental results show that wind velocity has a little effect on filtration efficiency for particulate matter in air. Besides, this paper compares the air purification performance of different filter media.
Recruitment variability and oceanographic stability

We examine the hypothesis that recruitment is more variable in populations on isolated offshore banks than nearby shelf populations. Recruitment of cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoghssoides plates-soides) on Flemish Cap is more variable than in any comparable population. Recruitment of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on Rockall Bank is also more variable than in surrounding populations. These results are confirmed both by estimates obtained by virtual population analysis and by research surveys. Recruitment of haddock and herring (Clupea harengus) on Georges Bank is also more variable than in surrounding populations; however, the results for two other groundfish populations, cod and yellowtake flounder (Limanda ferruginae), on Georges Bank are ambiguous. We conclude that marine fish populations on isolated banks are more variable than those on nearby shelf regions.
State-Feedback Control of Fuzzy Discrete-Event Systems

In a 2002 paper, we combined fuzzy logic with discrete-event systems (DESs) and established an automaton model of fuzzy DESs (FDESs). The model can effectively represent deterministic uncertainties and vagueness, as well as human subjective observation and judgment inherent to many real-world problems, particularly those in biomedicine. We also investigated optimal control of FDESs and applied the results to optimize HIV/AIDS treatments for individual patients. Since then, other researchers have investigated supervisory control problems in FDESs, and several results have been obtained. These results are mostly derived by extending the traditional supervisory control of (crisp) DESs, which are string based. In this paper, we develop state-feedback control of FDESs that is different from the supervisory control extensions. We use state space to describe the system behaviors and use state feedback in control. Both disablement and enforcement are allowed. Furthermore, we study controllability based on the state space and prove that a controller exists if and only if the controlled system behavior is (state-based) controllable. We discuss various properties of the state-based controllability. Aside from novelty, the proposed new framework has the advantages of being able to address a wide range of practical problems that cannot be effectively dealt with by existing approaches. We use the diabetes treatment as an example to illustrate some key aspects of our theoretical results.
Finite-size Effects on the Thermal Resistivity of 4 He Near the Superfluid Transition

We present measurements of the thermal resistivity $${\rho(t,L)}$$ ( $${t\equiv T/T_\lambda-1}$$ ) near the superfluid transition temperature $${T_ \lambda}$$ of 4He at saturated vapor pressure and confined in glass capillary arrays with rectangular capillary cross-sections of spacing L = 1 μm, width $${w=10 \mu}$$ m, and length $${d\simeq 1}$$ mm. We expect the finite-size effect in this rectangular geometry to provide a good approximation to that in the ideal parallel-plate geometry. The data coincide within our resolution with previous measurements for cylindrical capillaries of 1 $${\mu}$$ m radius, indicating that the finite-size scaling-functions for these two geometries are indistinguishable. This stands in contrast to the scaling functions for static properties which, near the transition temperature, depend on the dimensionality of the confinement. The results are consistent with recent Monte Carlo and spin-dynamics simulations, and with renormalization-group calculations for capillaries with square cross section and $${t\geqslant 0}$$ .
Employment dispute resolution: The case for mediation

Employment dispute resolution (EDR) addresses conflict arising out of a continuing or terminated employment relationship. Typical cases include complaints of discrimination under state and federal equal employment opportunity (EEO) law; wrongful discharge under state law; whistle-blower retaliation; workers’ compensation; wage and hour violations; occupational safety disputes; breach of contract; alleged violations of administrative policies on performance evaluation, supervision, or assignment of duties; communication problems in the chain of command; and similar matters. These claims are often outside the scope of a collective bargaining agreement. In the employer context, programs may exist in a nonunion workplace, or they may coexist with a union grievance procedure (Lipsky, Seeber, and Fincher, 2003). However, there are also programs offered by administrative agencies and courts for resolving employment disputes. Whether employer based or third party, programs may offer a variety of interventions, including an ombuds, early neutral assessment, fact finding, peer panels, mediation, or arbitration, or some combination of these. Research on and evaluation of EDR has been influenced by the extensive literature on voice and grievance systems (Bies, 1987; Folger, 1977; Greenberg, 1996; Lewicki, Weiss, and Lewin, 1992; Lewin, 1987, 1999; Sheppard, Lewicki, and Minton, 1992; Sitkin and Bies, 1993), labor grievance mediation and arbitration in collective bargaining (Dunlop and Zack, 1997; Zack, 1997; Feuille, 1995; Ury, Brett, and Goldberg, 1989), negotiation and dispute resolution (Carnevale and Pruitt, 1992; Wall and Lynn, 1993), procedural justice (Lind and Tyler, 1988; Lind and others, 1990; Lind, Kulik, Ambrose, and de Vera Park, 1993; Tyler, 1988), and dispute system design (Costantino and Merchant, 1996; Slaikeu and Hasson, 1998; Ury, Brett, and Goldberg, 1989). This review is limited to field and
Effect of acute and chronic ascorbic acid on flow-mediated dilatation with sedentary and physically active human ageing.

Peripheral conduit artery flow-mediated dilatation decreases with ageing in humans. The underlying mechanisms and efficacy of preventive strategies are unknown. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was determined at baseline and after ascorbic acid (vitamin C) intravenous infusion and chronic supplementation (500 mg day−1 for 30 days) in three groups of healthy men: young sedentary (n= 11; 25 ± 1 years, mean ±s.e.m.), older sedentary (n= 9; 64 ± 2), and older endurance-exercise trained (n= 9; 64 ± 2). At baseline, flow-mediated dilatation (normalized for the hyperaemic stimulus) was ∼45% lower in the older (0.015 ± 0.001) versus young (0.028 ± 0.004) sedentary men (P 15-fold in all groups and restored flow-mediated dilatation in the sedentary older men (to 0.023 ± 0.002; P > 0.1 versus other groups), with no effects in the other two groups. Oral ascorbic acid supplementation did not affect flow-mediated dilatation in any group. Brachial artery endothelium-independent dilatation (sublingual nitroglycerin) did not differ among the groups at baseline nor change with ascorbic acid administration. These results provide the first evidence for an important role of oxidative stress in both the impairment in peripheral conduit artery flow-mediated dilatation with sedentary human ageing and the preservation of flow-mediated dilatation with physically active ageing.
Susceptibility of Greenhouse Ornamentals to Phytophthora capsici and P. tropicalis

The susceptibility of fabaceous (Lupinus and Lathyrus spp.) and solanaceous (Calibrachoa, Browallia, Nicotiana, Nierembergia, and Petunia spp.) ornamental plants compared with straightneck squash (Cucurbita pepo) inoculated with Phytophthora capsici and P. tropicalis was investigated in greenhouse studies. Four P. capsici isolates and one P. tropicalis isolate were evaluated. Flowering tobacco (Nicotiana × sanderae), sweet pea (Lathyrus latifolius), lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus), squash, and million bells (Calibrachoa × hybrida) were susceptible to P. capsici and P. tropicalis. Bush violet (Browallia speciosa) and cup flower (Nierembergia scoparia) were not susceptible to either pathogen. Petunia (Petunia × hybrida) was susceptible to P. capsici but not P. tropicalis. Area under the plant growth curve (AUPGC) was also affected in some susceptible plants. AUPGC was significantly different in inoculated plants compared with the untreated controls of Nicotiana and Calibrachoa. In addition, six Calibrachoa cul...
Distribution and abundance of fungi in the soils of Taylor Valley, Antarctica

The occurrence and distribution of culturable fungi in Taylor Valley, Antarctica was assessed in terms of soil habitat. Soil transects throughout the valley revealed differential habitat utilization between filamentous and non-filamentous (yeast and yeast-like) fungi. In addition, there were significant differences in species distribution patterns with respect to soil pH, moisture, distance from marine coastline, carbon, chlorophyll a, salinity, elevation and solar inputs. Filamentous fungal abundance is most closely associated with habitats having higher pH, and soil moistures. These close associations were not found with yeast and yeast-like fungi demonstrating that yeast and yeast-like fungi utilize a broader range of habitat. An intensive survey of the Victoria Land is necessary to gain a better understanding of their role in soil functioning and nutrient cycling processes.
Neurological and visual assessments in very and late low-risk preterm infants

In this review, we report our experience on early neurological and visual developments in preterm infants assessed during the neonatal period using the Dubowitz neonatal neurological assessment and a new battery for visual assessment. The assessments were performed in both very and late low-risk preterm infants and in healthy term-born infants. We report the findings in the three cohorts, evaluating the influence of gestational age and extrauterine exposure on both neurological and visual developments.
Resonant Body Transistors in IBM's 32 nm SOI CMOS Technology

This paper presents unreleased CMOS-integrated MEMS resonators fabricated at the transistor level of IBM's 32SOI technology and realized without the need for any post-processing or packaging. In this technology, resonant body transistors (RBTs) are driven capacitively and sensed piezoresistively using an n-channel field effect transistor (FET). Acoustic Bragg Reflectors (ABRs) are used to localize acoustic vibrations in the unreleased resonators completely buried under the CMOS metal stack and surrounded by low- $\kappa$ dielectric. FET sensing is analytically compared with alternative active and passive sensing mechanisms to benchmark CMOS-MEMS resonator performance with frequency scaling. Experimental results from the first generation hybrid CMOS-MEMS RBTs show RBTs operating above 11 GHz with $Q{\rm s}$ of 24–30 and footprints of 5 $\,\times\,$ 3 $\mu{\rm m}$ . Comparative behavior of devices with design variations is used to demonstrate the effect of ABRs on spurious mode suppression. In addition, the performance of the RBTs is compared with passive electrostatic resonators, which show no discernible peak. Finally, temperature stability of ${ due to complimentary materials in the CMOS stack is analytically and experimentally verified. $\hfill{[2012\hbox{-}0309]}$
Method for the evaluation of advanced regeneration in forest types of south and southeast Asia

Abstract The Shorea component of new stands following harvest cutting depends on size, vigour, frequency and distribution of its advanced regeneration. To date, evaluation techniques have tended to correlate seedling frequency and distribution of advanced regeneration to a desired future stocking level. This paper tries to incorporate seedling size and vigour measures also. As an example toward constructing a guide, measurements were made on seedlings and saplings of Shorea trapezifolia growing in a range of microenvironments in both logged and unlogged forests in Sri Lanka. In the study, age was correlated to number of internodes along the main stem. Relationships between height, number of internodes and number of leaves was estimated by curvilinear multiple regression, and a response surface fitted to predict height from number of leaves and number of internodes. From this, size was related to height of a seedling or sapling and used to construct size indices to evaluate past growth performance. Vigour was correlated to number of leaves held per unit length of height by a seedling or sapling, and this was used to construct vigour indices to evaluate capability for future growth. Using these indices the guide presents a method for obtaining “best available” estimates of regeneration potential. It has widespread application for most forest types in south and southeast Asia.
Incidence of Monoclonal Proteins in a Minnesota Community With a Cluster of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in six residents of Thief River Falls, Minn. in 1968 (a rate of 84/100,000). A survey of the normal population for monoclonal serum protein peaks was undertaken in 1969. Serum from 1200 residents of the city, who were 50 yr of age or older, was collected. Fifteen (1.25%) had monoclonal serum protein peaks: IgG in 11, IgA in one, and IgM in three, with kappa in 11 and lambda in four. No clinical, laboratory, or roentgenographic evidence of myeloma or macroglobulinemia was found in any of the patients. The incidence of monoclonal serum protein peaks is similar to that reported from Sweden. It was concluded that there was no significant increase in monoclonal proteins in the population of Thief River Falls. The 1968 socalled epidemic of multiple myeloma in Thief River Falls remains unexplained.
Digitizing and Quantitation

The aim of quantitative morphology as specifically restricted here to the electron microscopy of microorganisms, is to estimate in an as unbiased manner as possible, the volume, area, number, and size of cells or components of cells derived from the analysis of two-dimensional images of sectioned material by the use of relatively simple to moderately complex techniques and equipment.
Laser Hair Removal for Darker Skin Types

Removing unwanted hair has been an accepted procedure since the beginning of civilized time. Prior to the onset of laser hair removal, popular procedures ranged from abrasion, threading, plucking, waxing, chemical depilatories, and shaving. These conventional procedures had different levels of effectiveness and were used mainly for hair growth delay and temporary hair removal. Permanent depilation became possible with the onset of electrolysis; however, the procedure was tedious and time consuming and led to a high incidence of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring in patients with curly hair and darker skin types (phototypes IV–VI). The safest and most effective hair removal lasers to treat darker skin types are the long-pulsed diode and the long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser systems. Conservative fluences and longer pulse durations are necessary in order to provide safe and effective treatments to patients with darker skin types.
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Early and Late Enzymes in the Lignin β-aryl Ether Cleavage Pathway from Sphingobium sp SYK-6

There has been great progress in the development of technology for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to sugars and subsequent fermentation to fuels. However, plant lignin remains an untapped source of materials for production of fuels or high value chemicals. Biological cleavage of lignin has been well characterized in fungi, in which enzymes that create free radical intermediates are used to degrade this material. In contrast, a catabolic pathway for the stereospecific cleavage of β-aryl ether units that are found in lignin has been identified in Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 bacteria. β-Aryl ether units are typically abundant in lignin, corresponding to 50–70% of all of the intermonomer linkages. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of enzymatic β-aryl ether (β-ether) cleavage is important for future efforts to biologically process lignin and its breakdown products. The crystal structures and biochemical characterization of the NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LigD, LigO, and LigL) and the glutathione-dependent lyase LigG provide new insights into the early and late enzymes in the β-ether degradation pathway. We present detailed information on the cofactor and substrate binding sites and on the catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes, comparing them with other known members of their respective families. Information on the Lig enzymes provides new insight into their catalysis mechanisms and can inform future strategies for using aromatic oligomers derived from plant lignin as a source of valuable aromatic compounds for biofuels and other bioproducts.
Diflubenzuron Plus Cottonseed Oil: Effects on Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Cuticle Hardness, Mating, and Flight

Laboratory studies were done to measure physiological effects of diflubenzuron when formulated in cottonseed oil and applied at very low rates to boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Tests were designed to measure cuticle softness, mating propensity, and effect on flight. We found significant differences within treatments in all three studies as the dose increased. Cottonseed oil formulations containing 25% diflubenzuron reduced cuticle hardness by 46.2–61.0%. Cottonseed oil formulations containing 12.5–25% diflubenzuron reduced mating by 22.2–35.4% and flight by 11.6–21.2%.
Enzyme and Nucleic Acid Content of Thrombocytes from Normal and Thrombocytopenic Calves.

Summary1. Bovine thrombocyte concentrates contained acid phosphatase, beta-D-glucuronidase, arylsulfatase, aliesterase (active with three fatty acid esters of carbon chain lengths: C2, C12 and C18) and acetyl-cholinesterase but no alkaline phosphatase. Benzoylcholine was not hydrolyzed by thrombocytes. 2. There was no significant difference in these enzyme activities of thrombocytes from normal or thrombocytopenic calves calculated in terms of activity per 1010 thrombocytes. 3. There was no significant quantity of deoxypentosenucleic or pentosenucleic acid in bovine thrombocyte concentrates from either normal or thrombocytopenic calves. 4. Thrombocytes released by hypoplastic bonemarrow could not be differentiated from normal thrombocytes by the tests used.
Beyond the Oversocialized Conception of Man

(1972). Beyond the Oversocialized Conception of Man. Sociological Focus: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 26-40.
Research on Grain Production & Demand in China since the Reform and Opening

This research reviews the status of China′s grain production demand,induces new characteristics,trend and cause of it from the total amount,variety and region since the reform and opening. The paper puts forward the general thinking and concrete proposals to promote grain production. China′s grain production is presently facing challenges: insufficiency and barren land,the shortage of water resources and the low benefit of planting crops farmer. The paper suggests establishing and perfecting farming protection system,constituting water resources policy protection system, coordinating grain production increase and the farmer income,and subdividing four grain varieties.
The learning and generalization of contrasts consistent or inconsistent with native biases.

This study investigates the process of generalizing a learned sub-lexical contrast across speakers of different non-native accents of English. We examine the generalization of a novel cue (voicing-cued release) that is non-contrastive in English, but contrastive in the manipulated speech of our L2 speakers of English, to a speaker with the same or different L1 as our training speakers (Exp. 1). We then examine performance when the learned contrastive cue is paired with native contrastive vowel duration (Exp. 2), and when the native contrast is present, but the learned contrast is not contrastive in the speech of the new speaker (Exp. 3). We find that learned cues are dominant enough to additively improve word recognition when paired with congruent native cues, although the performance is inhibited when native and learned cues conflict. These data illuminate the intricate balance between native contrasts and recently learned information, where learned information overrides, but is still affected by, native contrasts.
Mesh colors with hardware texture filtering

Texture mapping has fundamental limitations that cause important practical problems, such as the amount of manual labor needed for specifying the mapping and the visual artifacts in texture filtering that appear near seams. The mesh colors method [Yuksel et al. 2010] was proposed as an alternative to texture mapping that resolves these problems. However, mesh color filtering has been slow for real-time rendering, simply because mesh colors cannot directly use the existing texture filtering hardware on today's GPUs. We introduce a method that converts mesh colors into a format that is similar to 2D textures (Figure 1), thereby allowing the use of existing texture filtering hardware on the GPU for mesh color filtering. We also discuss potential future modifications to the texture filtering hardware for fully supporting mesh color filtering.
Head Size and Cognition in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants

The effect of VLBW ( < 1.5 kg) and subnormal head size at 8 months of age (corrected for prematurity) on neurocognitive abilities at school age was investigated by a longitudinal follow up of 249 children born between 1977 to 1979 and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH.