cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty quantification in nanomechanical measurements using the atomic force microscope.

Quantifying uncertainty in measured properties of nanomaterials is a prerequisite for the manufacture of reliable nanoengineered materials and products. Yet, rigorous uncertainty quantification (UQ) is rarely applied for material property measurements with the atomic force microscope (AFM), a widely used instrument that can measure properties at nanometer scale resolution of both inorganic and biological surfaces and nanomaterials. We present a framework to ascribe uncertainty to local nanomechanical properties of any nanoparticle or surface measured with the AFM by taking into account the main uncertainty sources inherent in such measurements. We demonstrate the framework by quantifying uncertainty in AFM-based measurements of the transverse elastic modulus of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), an abundant, plant-derived nanomaterial whose mechanical properties are comparable to Kevlar fibers. For a single, isolated CNC the transverse elastic modulus was found to have a mean of 8.1 GPa and a 95% confidence interval of 2.7‐20 GPa. A key result is that multiple replicates of force‐distance curves do not sample the important sources of uncertainty, which are systematic in nature. The dominant source of uncertainty is the nondimensional photodiode sensitivity calibration rather than the cantilever stiffness or Z-piezo calibrations. The results underscore the great need for, and open a path towards, quantifying and minimizing uncertainty in AFM-based material property measurements of nanoparticles, nanostructured surfaces, thin films, polymers and biomaterials. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/Nano/22/455703/mmedia (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
A simple semantics for polymorphic recursion

Polymorphic recursion is a useful extension of Hindley- Milner typing and has been incorporated in the functional programming language Haskell. It allows the expression of efficient algorithms that take advantage of non-uniform data structures and provides key support for generic programming. However, polymorphic recursion is, perhaps, not as broadly understood as it could be and this, in part, motivates the denotational semantics presented here. The semantics reported here also contributes an essential building block to any semantics of Haskell: a model for first-order polymorphic recursion. Furthermore, Haskell-style type classes may be described within this semantic framework in a straightforward and intuitively appealing manner.
Coastal Uplift of the San Joaquin Hills, Southern Los Angeles Basin, California, by a Large Earthquake since A.D. 1635

Late Holocene marsh deposits and a shoreline along the coast of the San Joaquin Hills, southern Los Angeles basin, range from 1 to 3.6 m above the active shoreline. Radiocarbon dating of ancient marsh shows that emergence occurred after A.D. 1635. The age, distribution, and geomorphic expression of elevated marsh and shoreline are best explained by tectonic uplift due to a M 7 earthquake. Radio- carbon dates and the historic record of seismicity suggest the earthquake occurred between A.D. 1635 and 1855, possibly in 1769. The historic record of earthquakes in the Los Angeles basin begins in A.D. 1769 and contains no other earthquakes greater than M 6.7. Therefore, the San Joaquin Hills earthquake may be the largest historic earthquake in the Los Angeles basin.
Male Mouse Accessory Sex Glands in Organ Culture

Explants of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and coagulating gland from 10–12-week-old and 7–8-month-old male Swiss Webster mice were maintained in synthetic media without serum or hormones for up to 28 days. Differences were observed in the survival and responses of each gland and the behavior of the principal and basal cells. Epithelial cell migration was pronounced in the vas, moderate in the epididymis, and low in the seminal vesicle and coagulating gland. The incidence of basal cell proliferation, hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia usually was positively related to the frequency of basal cells in the zero-time explants. Few differences were observed between the survival or responses of explants from young and old animals; however, explant culture appears useful for exploring fundamental properties of each accessory sex gland, especially the properties of basal cells.
Cytodifferentiation of the chick pancreas. III. The content and synthesis of ribonucleic acid and proteins in developing acinar cells

The content and synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein was studied by microphotometry and autoradiography in the developing pancreatic acinar cells of White Leghorn chick embryos. These findings were correlated with previously reported changes in ultrastructural components. Shortly before or concomitant with zymogen granulation, RNA synthesis increased, in association with increases in the amount of nucleolar and cytoplasmic protein. The cytoplasmic fraction was transitory, whereas the accumulated nucleolar protein was maintained and was soon followed by an increase in nucleolar RNA. Concomitantly, a decrease in chromosomal RNA was observed, with the total amount of nuclear RNA staying constant. When zymogen first appeared, nucleoli were greatly enlarged due to large amounts of RNA and protein; total cellular RNA and protein had decreased slightly, in association with a decrease in cell volume. Subsequent development presented smaller nucleoli with decreased amounts of RNA and protein. Total cellular RNA increased due to its accumulation in the cytoplasm, probably as ribosomes. The accumulation of zymogen and the enlargement of other cellular structures contributed to an increase in total cellular protein. Prior to hatching, total cell RNA and protein decreased in amount, probably due to a reduction in cell volume through cell division.
Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for laser communications and laser radar

Arrays of photon-counting avalanche photodiodes (APDs) enable laser-communications and laser-radar receivers with unprecedented sensitivity at 1.06-/spl mu/m wavelength. Near room temperature, the best detectors have: 50% photon detection efficiency, 30-kHz dark count rate, and a 1-/spl mu/s reset time to avoid after-pulsing. Arrays with 64 elements were fabricated in the InGaAsP/InP materials system and were bump-bonded to a custom CMOS integrated circuit (IC) with a novel nonblocking architecture to continuously report both time-of-arrival for incoming photons as well as their spatial location on the array. Larger arrays with 1024 elements were mated to custom read-out ICs that report time and location data at lower duty cycles (typically 1-5%) and are appropriate for pulsed laser-radar systems.
Scholarship Advice for New Law Professors in the Electronic Age

The article suggests that the legal academy is in a time of transition between promotion and tenure rules based on traditional methods of publication and contemporary electronic and interdisciplinary possibilities for publication. While a number of articles contain recommendations for newer law professors about the process of scholarship, most of those articles are between five and twenty years old and do not address publishing in the age of blogs, expedited reviews, electronic submissions, and open-access databases. The substance and length of what law professors write, the formats in which they do so, and the fora in which they publish are evolving. This article breaks new ground in offering advice for those who have recently joined the academy on how to comply with promotion and tenure guidelines while taking advantage of publishing opportunities in the electronic age. Although it gives special emphasis to newer faculty and to issues raised by modern technology, the article is not limited to those sorts of issue. Professors who have been writing for years may find some useful nuggets about citation practices regarding blogs, the impact of recent law review limits on article length, electronic methods of browsing journals and articles in other disciplines, access to government documents, and posting on open-access archives.
Telling Our Own Story - Fondren Library's oral history project

This article documented the whole process of Fondren library's oral history project, which took place in Fall 2009 as part of Fondren's 60th anniversary celebration.
Virtual Representatives: Local Elected Officials Online

Using survey data collected from 184 local elected officials, this paper investigates how frequently local political officials use e-mail, and how important they consider e-mail, compared with telephone calls, postal mail, faxes, and meetings. Among all forms of communication, only phone calls are initiated with a similar rate of frequency as e-mail messages. E-mail is rated as important as telephone calls and meetings, and more important than letters and faxes. E-mail is used more heavily by representatives from professional county boards and city councils, but regarded as more important, relative to other communication methods, by members of non-professional city councils. Despite e-mail's limitations, it is a powerful and useful tool for “virtual representatives.”
Morphological and functional relationships with ultrasound measured muscle thickness of the upper extremity and trunk

Unless a subject’s muscle is relatively small, a single image from a standard ultrasound can only measure muscle thickness (MT). Thus, it is important to know whether MT is related to morphological and functional characteristics of individual muscles of the extremity and trunk. In this review, we summarize previously published articles in the upper extremity and trunk demonstrating the relationships between ultrasound-measured MT and muscle morphology (cross-sectional area, CSA and muscle volume, MV) and muscular or respiratory function. The linear relationship between MT and muscle CSA or MV has been observed in biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, psoas major, and supraspinatus muscles. Previous studies suggest that MT in the upper arm and trunk may reflect muscle CSA and MV for the individual muscles. Unfortunately, few studies exist regarding the functional relationship with ultrasound MT in the upper extremity and trunk. Future research is needed to investigate these findings further.
Safety of the entomopathogenic fungus Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) to mammals.

Hyphae and oospores of Lagenidium giganteum Couch were tested for toxicity, infectivity, and irritancy to mice, rats, and rabbits. No infection occurred following exposure to the entomopathogen. Intratracheal instillation of both viable and autoclaved oospores produced a moderate, focal, granulomatous bronchopneumonia, and intraperitoneal injection of viable and autoclaved hyphae produced multiple abscesses in the liver, spleen, and mesentery. Dermal exposure of rats and ocular exposure of rabbits to L. giganteum did not produce significant irritation. Lesions seem to be the result of body reactions to large quantities of foreign material. We conclude that it is unlikely that L. giganteum is infectious or irritating to man or animals.
Opioid modulation of calcium current in cultured sensory neurons: μ-modulation of baroreceptor input

We used the whole cell open-patch or perforated-patch technique to characterize μ-opioid modulation of Ca2+ current (I Ca) in nodose sensory neurons and in a specific subpopulation of nodose cells,...
Risk, Judgment, and Uncertainty

In October 2008, under the fearsome shadow of the most serious economic crisis since the 1930s, a man who had unwittingly done much to bring it about—former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan—testified before Congress. Facing a barrage of heated questions, Greenspan made a remarkable confession. He admitted that his worldview had been wrong.
Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies for Hair-Thread Tourniquet Syndrome in Infants

Hair-thread tourniquets are a rare occurrence but result in significant injury as a hair or thread wraps around a digit, resulting in tissue swelling, pain, or possible tissue ischemia. This condition is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis for a fussy infant. Awareness of this condition will help nurses and other clinicians identify and treat the condition. Some simple prevention strategies can help parents and other caregivers mitigate risk.
Cyber-physical systems in STEM disciplines

Exponential development of hardware and software technologies trigger the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). In the educational and research areas, the IoT concept has been used to integrate physical engineering systems with the cloud. This has created a new generation of cyber-physical systems that can be available 24/7 for user access. This paper describes a potential structure of cyber-physical systems and their use in education and research. It illustrates the design and development of three cyber-physical systems-smart house, mobile robot, and an embedded processor. The paper describes the customization of these systems within a cyber-physical network with a focus on educational and research. Finally a secure web portal has been presented to provide use access to the developed systems.
Optimization-based cone-beam CT reconstruction from a virtual isocenter treatment scan

Linac-mounted, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging systems help with patient setup and treatment volume verification in image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). However, analytic-based reconstruction algorithms, such as FDK, make assumptions about the scanning trajectory that restrict the image isocenter to the mechanical isocenter of the treatment gantry. This limitation prevents tomographic imaging during virtual isocenter treatments. This form of treatment utilizes of a treatment isocenter that is not at the mechanical isocenter of the linac. To implement such a treatment, the patient must be moved as the gantry rotates to ensure the correct distance between the source and virtual isocenter is maintained. Though a trajectory such as this violates the circular trajectory needed for FDK, new optimization-based reconstruction algorithms impose no assumptions of the acquisition trajectory. As such, these algorithms have to potential to reconstruct a volumetric image from the kV projections acquired during a virtual isocenter treatment. We demonstrated this by acquiring a CBCT scan of such a virtual isocenter trajectory in Varian's TrueBeam Developer Mode and subsequently reconstructing it.
Relationship between the Broad Autism Phenotype, Social Relationships and Mental Health for Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study aimed to examine the mechanisms responsible for the association between the broad autism phenotype and depressive symptoms in mothers of a child with autism spectrum disorder. A total of...
Virtual and augmented reality in the treatment of phantom limb pain: A literature review.

Background Phantom limb pain (PLP), the perception of discomfort in a limb no longer present, commonly occurs following amputation. A variety of interventions have been employed for PLP, including mirror therapy. Virtual Reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) mirror therapy treatments have also been utilized and have the potential to provide an even greater immersive experience for the amputee. However, there is not currently a consensus on the efficacy of VR and AR therapy. Objective The aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize the current research on the effect of immersive VR and AR in the treatment of PLP. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar in order to collect all available studies concerning the use of VR and/or AR in the treatment of PLP using the search terms "virtual reality," "augmented reality," and "phantom limb pain." Eight studies in total were evaluated, with six of those reporting quantitative data and the other two reporting qualitative findings. Results All studies located were of low-level evidence. Each noted improved pain with VR and AR treatment for phantom limb pain, through quantitative or qualitative reporting. Additionally, adverse effects were limited only to simulator sickness occurring in one trial for one patient. Conclusions Despite the positive findings, all of the studies were confined purely to case studies and case report series. No studies of higher evidence have been conducted, thus considerably limiting the strength of the findings. As such, the current use of VR and AR for PLP management, while attractive due to the increasing levels of immersion, customizable environments, and decreasing cost, is yet to be fully proven and continues to need further research with higher quality studies to fully explore its benefits.
Which formula for a cow’s-milk-protein-intolerant infant?

Breast milk is the best for infant nutrition, but sometimes it is necessary to use an adapted milk formula. All infant formulas must support the normal growth and development of infants. Cow’s milk allergy is used to describe reactions involving the immune system, while other reactions are normally called cow’s milk intolerance. Management includes diet modification for nursing mothers and special formulas for formula-fed infants.
The Glutathione Conundrum: Stoichiometric Disconnect between Its Formation and Oxidative Stress

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant and is believed to maintain redox potential in tissues, cells, and individual compartments. However, GSH concentrations in some tumor cells and tissues have been reported to be as high as 1–10 mM, a concentration that is up to 10,000-fold higher than that of reactive oxygen species. Critical quantitative evaluation of glutathione’s proposed functions suggests that glutathione is an amino acid checkpoint. In this role, glutathione contributes to regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, pending amino acid availability.
The development and impact of active learning strategies on self-confidence in a newly designed first-year self-care pharmacy course - outcomes and experiences.

Abstract Background and purpose The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of different active learning exercises in a newly-designed flipped-classroom self-care course in applying newly acquired knowledge of self-care and improving the confidence of first-year pharmacy students to recommend self-care treatments and counsel patients. The early development of these skills is essential for the subsequent Community Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (CIPPE). Educational activity and setting An unpaired anonymous survey was administered to students, pre- and post-course, to ascertain their opinions on the effectiveness of various teaching strategies and active learning exercises on learning and on their confidence in treatment-planning and patient counseling for self-care patients. Comparison between pre- and post-course Likert scores was conducted using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Tukey's test with significance at p = 0.05. All other tests of significance were conducted using a student's t-test with significance at p = 0.05. Findings Students’ self-confidence in developing treatment plans and in counseling for non-prescription drugs and dietary supplements significantly improved from the beginning to the end of this self-care course. The response rate was high in both the pre- (N = 208, 88.1%) and post- (N = 198, 83.9%) course surveys. The positive change in confidence was not reflected in increased performance on the final exam represented by a lower average score than the midterm exam. Discussion and summary Active learning sessions and the flipped classroom approach in this first-year pharmacy self-care course contributed to increased self-confidence in making recommendations and counseling patients on proper use of nonprescription medications and dietary supplements.
Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Renal Disease

Abstract Insulin resistance is a common metabolic abnormality characterized by impairment in the ability of insulin to produce its normal biological, physiological, or clinical effects. Although it has long been recognized that type 2 diabetes and obesity are characterized by insulin resistance, there is now abundant evidence that many disease states including hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and chronic inflammation are also linked with impairments in insulin action—an association known as the metabolic syndrome. Chronic kidney disease also is an integral part of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes and hypertension are the two leading causes of renal failure, and kidney disease of any etiology leads to insulin resistance and its sequelae. Although the primary treatment of insulin-resistant states is lifestyle modification involving diet and exercise, certain classes of medications such as thiazolidinediones and metformin have shown promise in improving many of the clinical and metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance.
Antennas in Material Media Near Boundaries: The Bare Metal Dipole

This chapter is concerned with the properties of antennas embedded in a medium like soil, sand, clay, rock, ice, or water near its boundary with air and with similar antennas located in the salt water near the oceanic crust under the sea floor. In all cases and as shown in Fig. 16.1.1, the transmitting and receiving antennas under study are located in Region 1, z ≥ 0, with the complex wave number k1 = β1 + iα1 = ω[μ0(e1 + iσ1/ω)]1/2, where β1 is the phase constant and α1 is the attenuation constant. The wave number in the adjacent Region 2, z ≤ 0, is k 2 = β 2 +iα 2 = ω[μ0(e2 + iσ2/ω)]1/2. In general, it is assumed that |k1|2 ≫ |k2|2. The two regions are characterized by their respective permittivities e j , conductivities σ j , and permeabilities μ j , with j = 1, 2. For all media considered here, it is assumed that μ1 = μ2 = μ0 for air. In either region, the wavelength is λ j = 2π/β j and the skin depth d sj = 1/α j . The wave impedance is ζ j = ωμ0/k j and the normalizing factor Δ j = ζ0β j /ωμ0where ζ0 = (μ0/e0)1/2~ 120π Ω. When Region 2 is air, σ2 = 0, e2 = e0, and k 2 = β 2 = ω(μ0e0)1/2; α2 = 0. When the frequency is sufficiently low so that e j ≪ σ j /ω, k j ~ (iωμ0σ j )1/2= (1 + i)(ωμ0σ j /2)1/2 and β j = α j .
Hospital-Based Pain Care for Infants and Children

Some view acute, in-hospital pain management as within the purview of a said specialty. However, hospital-based pain care for children is more than associated symptom management of a given disease. This chapter demonstrates the complexity of pediatric in-hospital pain management and indicates acute pain syndromes as major components of the specialty of pain medicine. The practice of hospital-based pediatric pain care requires a vast knowledge base that also encompasses the philosophies and skills of chronic pain medicine. The essentials of neurobiology, pharmacology, and practice principles of hospital-based pain care for children are the focus of this chapter.
Modes of Death Within a Children's Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about how children die in pediatric hospitals is limited, and this hinders improvement in hospital-based end-of-life care. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all the patients who died in a children’s hospital between July 2011 and June 2014, collecting demographic and diagnostic information, hospital length of stay, location of death, and palliative care consultation. A qualitative review of provider notes and resuscitation records was used to create 5 mutually exclusive modes of death, which were then assigned to each patient. Analysis included the calculation of descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: We identified 579 patients who were deceased; 61% were CONCLUSIONS: Most deaths in a children’s hospital occur in ICUs after the withdrawal of life-sustaining technology. Race and palliative care involvement may influence the manner of a child’s death.
Dupilumab in the management of topical corticosteroid withdrawal in atopic dermatitis: A retrospective case series

Topical corticosteroid (TCS) withdrawal, or steroid addiction, is a poorly understood, distinct adverse effect of inappropriate TCS use. It occurs most commonly in adult women applying mid- or high-potency TCS to the face or genital region and is associated with increased frequency and duration of treatment.1, 2, 3 TCS withdrawal should be suspected when confluent erythema appears within days to weeks of discontinuing therapy, stinging and burning are prominent symptoms, and history is consistent with the at-risk population described above. This condition can be divided into 2 subtypes with distinct clinical presentations. The erythematoedematous variant is characterized by erythema, scaling, papules and nodules, desquamation, and edema, with symptoms including burning, pruritus, pain, and decreased tolerance for emollients. The papulopustular type is distinguished by the prominence of pustules, papules, and nodules and the less common presence of edema and burning.4 Although the mechanism of this phenomenon is not well understood, it is theorized to be caused by the effects of TCS on the local immune system and cutaneous blood vessels.5 TCSs decrease production of nitric oxide (NO), thereby inhibiting its vasodilatory action and depleting mast cells, which are regulated by NO.6, 7, 8 In the absence of TCS use, a rebound effect may occur in which NO levels increase, leading to exaggerated vasodilation.5 Similarly, sparse data exist to guide definitive diagnosis or therapy. In most reported cases, the first step in treatment is to discontinue TCS use. Other reported therapeutic modalities include medications such as tetracycline antibiotics, antihistamines, and calcineurin inhibitors. Ultraviolet therapy was described in 1 case report.4 Because rebound of underlying disease may occur and may be indistinguishable from TCS withdrawal when steroid therapy is halted, some investigators suggest initiation of oral corticosteroids or a TCS taper in an effort to circumvent flares.9 However, evidence to support the use of systemic immunosuppressants in the management of this condition is lacking. We performed a retrospective chart review of adult patients with suspected TCS withdrawal treated with dupilumab for atopic dermatitis at a single center from March 2017 to March 2018. Effectiveness was measured by decrease in body surface area (BSA) involved and decrease in Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score. Case summaries are presented in Table I. Table I Characteristics of patients with TCS withdrawal treated with dupilumab
Critically assessing the 1968 Bilingual Education Act at 50 years: Taming tongues and Latinx communities

As the 1968 Bilingual Education Act (BEA) reaches its 50th anniversary, we provide a critical historical review of its contradictory origins and legacy. By distilling the BEA’s history into three p...
Grace Murray Hopper 1906–1992

Rear Admiral Grace Hopper was a pioneer both in the navy and in the development of computer science. She joined the navy during the Second World War and spent the war years working on one of the earliest computers. From this beginning, Hopper, over the next decades, made major creative contributions to modern computing. Her developments of the first compiler and one of the first high-level programming languages were essential first steps in the progress from the laborious programming in machine language of the earliest days to the twenty-first century availability of ready-to-use programs for the general population.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Southern Seaoats (Uniola paniculata) Grown in the Float System

Abstract Seeds of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage in July 2004, surface disinfested with 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min, and sown in styrofoam tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) float trays (flats) filled with a vermiculite-based hydroponic substrate. Trays were floated in plastic tubs (one tray per tub) containing a complete nutrient solution with nitrogen (N) at 10, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg·L−1 (ppm) from a 2N–3.5P–1K ratio (8N–32P2O5–5K2O) liquid slow-release fertilizer. After 10 weeks the study was terminated and data recorded. Total plant, top, leaf, stem, and root dry weights increased quadratically with increasing nitrogen application rate (NAR) with maximum dry weights calculated to occur with N at 140 to 150 mg-L−1, respectively. Other growth indexes of leaf area, root length, root area, plant height, crown growth index, tiller number, and leaf number also increased quadratically with increasing NAR similar to dry weight data. Leaf area, root length, and ...
Determination of effective reflector and baffle/reflector constants for few-group diffusion calculations

Analysis of critical experiments for cross-section evaluation has been conducted on the basis of one-dimensional four-group diffusion theory calculations that explicitly model the homogenized core ...
A Critical Review of Anti‐Bullying Programs in North American Elementary Schools

Background Bullying behavior is a concern among school-aged youth and anti-bullying programs have been implemented in schools throughout North America. Most anti-bullying programs are delivered to adolescent youth because antisocial-aggressive behaviors are typically associated with this developmental stage. This paper is a review of empirically evaluated school-based bullying prevention and intervention programs in North American elementary schools. Methods We conducted a systematic, critical review of bullying prevention programming. Data were analyzed to determine the study method, intervention components, measurement of bullying, aggression, or peer victimization, outcomes measured, and results. Results Our review resulted in the identification of 10 interventions aimed at youth in grades K-6 enrolled in North American elementary schools. Effective intervention strategies targeted a variety of bullying behaviors using diverse mechanisms and included a school-and community-wide approach. Direct outcomes of the reviewed evaluations were centered on bullying, aggression, and victimization. Indirect outcomes of review evaluations included strategies for bystanders, school achievement, perceived school safety, and knowledge or attitudes about bullying. Conclusions Recommendations for promising practices in effective bullying intervention programming are offered. The review concludes with suggestions for supporting school health staff and in-service teachers drawn from the body of research, and offers direction for future study.
Creating relevance in managerial accounting

This project course provided experiential realism in the study of managerial accounting and fundamental accounting relevance essential for integration into an organization’s management team. The ex...
A Theoretical Algorithm for the Retrieval of Sea Surface Salinity from Smap Observations

We present a physics-based algorithm for retrieving sea surface salinity from L-band radiometric observations from the NASA SMAP instrument. The model is used to assess the radiometer calibration and its long-term stability and produce salinity products that are evaluated against in situ measurements from the Argo network of drifting floats.
Connecting academic and professional computer science: strategies and experiences

In an effort to improve enrollments and enhance student learning, computer science programs are continually trying new educational experiences and instructional techniques. One item that has been noted as important to student engagement is students' ability to connect academic work to their own experiences. The panelists' presentations will describe experiences with various mechanisms designed to connect typical academic concepts with skills and issues relevant to professional computer scientists. The primary objectives of this panel are to discuss strategies for engaging students and making connections between academic work and their future lives as professional computer scientists.
Variation in Electronic Health Record Workflow Patterns: A Multisite study

Objectives Electronic health records (EHRs) continue to have significant usability challenges in part due to differences in workflow. The objective of this study was to examine workflow pattern variations for one specific task: emergency physicians placing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) order. Methods A between-subjects usability study was conducted using two different major EHR vendor products across four different provider sites (n = 55). A clinical scenario concerning for spinal cord compression was read to participants who then completed an ordering task using a training environment representative of their native EHR. The primary outcome measures were accuracy, time on task, and number of clicks. Results We identified four different workflows to complete the same order. One workflow required two steps (enabled at one site), one workflow required four steps (enabled at two sites), and two workflows required six steps to complete the task (available at all sites). Of the 12 physicians who employed the two-step workflow, 8 (67%) had the correct order and correct indication, the average time on task was 29.65 (standard deviation [SD] = 13.77), and the mean number of clicks was 13.5 (SD = 18.87). In contrast, for the 43 physicians who employed other workflows, 7 (21%) had the correct order and correct indication, with the average time on task of 73.1 (SD = 30.12) and mean clicks of 27.64 (SD = 13.25) (p Discussion These different approaches were made possible by technical specifications leading to multiple workflow options available to physicians in the EHR environment. EHR design maximizing usability can reduce the work effort and improve the accuracy of physician ordering.
A new platanistoid, Perditicetus yaconensis gen. et sp. nov. (Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Chattian–Aquitanian Nye Formation of Oregon

The Platanistoidea is a large superfamily of odontocetes whose sole surviving member is Platanista gangetica, the Ganges river dolphin. Despite the diversity of the Platanistoidea, it remains poorl...
Low-temperature Siliconizing of Silicon Steel Thin Strip with a Nanostructured Surface Layer and Effect of Treatment Parameter

Silicon steel thin strip was firstly surface shot peened, then cold rolled and finally siliconized by pack cementation process, The microstructural evolution was examined of the steel with the treatment processing. Results show that shot peening can induce the formation of noncrystalline(about 10 nm in size) in the top surface layer, the grain size of the noncrystalline increases slightly after cold rolling. A compound layer can be obtained after siliconizing at 500 oC in Si powder+halide on the shot peened and cold roll steel strip, its thickness increases with the increasing temperature and holding time, however on which the halide content exhibits little effect. After siliconizing at lower temperature the compound layer consists of single phase Fe3 Si, and the increase of temperature, holding time and halide content is helpful for the formation of Fe Si phase.
THE MANDATORY INTERNAL ROLE-PLAY SALES COMPETITION: EFFECTS ON CLASSROOM EFFICIENCY AND SALES CAREER INTENT

The role-play is a valued experiential tool used by university sales programs to engage students and better prepare them for a potential career in sales. However, in-class role-play activities have...
Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans.

ObjectivesExperiences of vicarious racism—hearing about racism directed toward one’s racial group or racist acts committed against other racial group members—and vigilance about racial discriminati...
Identifying women at high-risk for breast cancer using data from the electronic health record compared to self-report.

e13044Background: One of the barriers to chemoprevention uptake among high-risk women is the lack of routine breast cancer risk assessment in the primary care setting. We calculated breast cancer risk using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model, which accounts for age, race/ethnicity, first-degree family history of breast cancer, benign breast disease, and mammographic density, using data collected from the electronic health record (EHR) compared to self-report. Methods: Among women undergoing screening mammography, we collected breast cancer risk information from the EHR and a self-administered survey. Eligibility criteria for calculating 5-year invasive breast cancer risk using the BCSC model included age 35-74, no prior history of breast cancer, mastectomy, or breast augmentation. We extracted data on demographics, structured first-degree family history, breast radiology and pathology reports from the EHR. We assessed agreement in breast cancer risk information between the EHR and self...
Impact of Access to Agricultural Credit on the Productivity of Togolese Farmers

The objective of this article is to measure the impact of access to agricultural credit on the productivity of farmers in Togo. The results show that there is a difference between farmers who have access to credit and those who do not. Also, farmers with access to credit have higher productivity than those without. Thus, access to credit is an essential factor in increasing agricultural productivity. Togolese decision-makers must, in the development of their agricultural policy, place greater emphasis on mechanisms to promote access to agricultural credit.
Single-cell perturbation dissects transcription factor control of progression speed and trajectory choice in early T-cell development

In early T-cell development, single cells dynamically shift expression of multiple transcription factors (TFs) during transition from multipotentiality to T-lineage commitment, but the functional roles of many TFs have been obscure. Here, synchronized in vitro differentiation systems, scRNA-seq with batch indexing, and controlled gene-disruption strategies have unraveled single-cell impacts of perturbing individual TFs at two stages in early T-cell development. Single-cell CRISPR perturbation revealed that early-acting TFs Bcl11a, Erg, Spi1 (PU.1), Gata3, and Tcf7 (TCF1) each play individualized roles promoting or retarding T-lineage progression and suppressing alternative trajectories, collectively determining population dynamics and path topologies. Later, during T-lineage commitment, cells prevented from expressing TF Bcl11b "realized" this abnormality not with a developmental block, but by shifting into a divergent path via bZIP and Sox TF activation as well as E protein antagonism, finally exiting the T-lineage trajectory. These TFs thus exert a network of impacts to control progression kinetics, trajectories, and differentiation outcomes of early pro-T cells.
Manganese in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, eastern USA—Modeling regional occurrence with pH, redox, and machine learning

Abstract Study region The study was conducted in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, eastern USA, an important water supply in a densely populated region. Study focus Manganese (Mn), an emerging health concern and common nuisance contaminant in drinking water, is mapped and modeled using the XGBoost machine learning method, predictions of pH and redox conditions from previous models, and other explanatory variables that describe the groundwater flow system and surface characteristics. Methods to address the imbalanced occurrence of elevated and low Mn concentrations are compared and used to more accurately predict concentrations of interest for human health and drinking water quality. New hydrological insights for the region Elevated Mn concentrations were more likely in shallow groundwater, close to recharge areas and in topographically low areas where soil or unsaturated processes influence groundwater quality. Predicted concentrations greater than the health threshold of 300 micrograms per liter extended across 17 % of the surficial aquifer area, but across
A Problem with Integral Conditions with Respect to Time for a System of Equations of the Dynamic Elasticity Theory

In a domain specified in the form of a Cartesian product of a segment [0,T] and the space ℝ3 , we study a problem with integral conditions with respect to time for a system of equations of the dynamic elasticity theory in the class of functions almost periodic in the space variables. A criterion for the unique solvability of the problem and sufficient conditions for the existence of its solution are established. To solve the problem of small denominators arising in the solution of the problem, we use the metric approach.
Quantitative analysis of high-resolution microendoscopic images for diagnosis of neoplasia in patients with Barrett 's esophagus

Background and Aims Previous studies show that microendoscopic images can be interpreted visually to identify the presence of neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE), but this approach is subjective and requires clinical expertise. This study describes an approach for quantitative image analysis of microendoscopic images to identify neoplastic lesions in patients with BE. Methods Images were acquired from 230 sites from 58 patients by using a fiberoptic high-resolution microendoscope during standard endoscopic procedures. Images were analyzed by a fully automated image processing algorithm, which automatically selected a region of interest and calculated quantitative image features. Image features were used to develop an algorithm to identify the presence of neoplasia; results were compared with a histopathology diagnosis. Results A sequential classification algorithm that used image features related to glandular and cellular morphology resulted in a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 85%. Applying the algorithm to an independent validation set resulted in a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 85%. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates that automated analysis of microendoscopic images can provide an objective, quantitative framework to assist clinicians in evaluating esophageal lesions from patients with BE. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01384227 and NCT02018367.)
Advanced technology for managing XML document collection

Organizing large document collections for finding information easily and quickly has always been a challenging problem. In the last few years, XML has become the de-facto standard for content publishing and data exchange. The proliferation of XML documents and data has created new challenges and opportunities for managing document collections. Existing technologies for automatically organizing document collections are either imprecise or based only on simple grouping criteria. Since XML documents are self describing, it is possible to automatically categorize XML documents precisely, according to their content. With the availability of the standard XML query languages, e.g. XQuery, much more powerful folder and categorization technologies are now feasible. To address this new challenge and exploit this new opportunity, this paper describes a new and powerful categorization technology. This technology fully exploits the rich data model and semantic information embedded in the XML documents to dynamically categorize XML document collections precisely. Besides supporting directory-like document look-up operations, this technology also provides advanced operations such as multi-path navigation and document traversal across multiple collections. A preliminary performance study shows that this new categorization technology is both efficient and scalable. Thus, it is an ideal technology for automating the process of organizing and categorizing XML documents.
Viacom v. Youtube: Should the Second Circuit Protect Youtube?

Viacom sued YouTube for more than $1 billion for copyright infringement because hundreds of thousands of clips from Viacom programs have been uploaded to YouTube without Viacom’s permission. These Viacom programs have been viewed more than 1.5 billion times. (Viacom is not claiming that remixes and mashups are infringing, only verbatim copies of the whole or substantial parts of the programs.) The direct infringement claims are for violation of the public performance, public display, and reproduction rights. The indirect infringement claims are for inducement of infringement, contributory infringement and vicarious infringement.
Abstract 13424: Dendritic Cell Surface Proteoglycan Binding-mediated Internalization of the Apob-100 Peptide P210 Increases Cd8+ T Cell Cytolytic Function

Background: We have reported that immunization with the apoB-100 derived peptide p210 reduces atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation/rupture, through modulation of CD8+ T cells. It remains unclear how an exogenous peptide like p210 enters dendritic cells for antigen presentation by MHC-I to CD8+ T cells. The p210 peptide sequence is located within the proteoglycan (PTG) binding site of apoB-100, which is a known alternative mechanism for cell internalization of LDL. Antigens internalized by cell surface PTG binding are cross-presented on the MHC-I molecule. We therefore tested the mechanism of p210 internalization by dendritic cell (DC) surface PTG binding and investigated the CD8+ T cell function in response to p210 antigen presentation. Methods and Results: Bone marrow derived DCs from apoE-/- mice were primed with fluorescently tagged p210 (FITC-p210) for 4 hours in vitro. There was significantly increased FITC internalization in DCs treated with FITC-p210 compared to FITC alone (24.3±2.7% vs. 6.6±0.8%; P<0.001; N=8 each) assessed by flow cytometry. Heparin significantly reduced internalization of FITC-p210 compared to no treatment (14.0±4.0%, N=4 vs. 29.9±6.7% N=9; P<0.01). Treatment of DCs with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, an inhibitor of cell surface heparan sulfate chain addition, significantly reduced FITC-p210 internalization (10.5±1.5% vs. 22.8±10.0% P<0.05, N=5 each) confirming the role of PTG binding. Adoptive transfer of p210-primed DCs into recipient apoE-/- mice significantly reduced CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory cells compared to unprimed DC controls (0.26±0.04% vs. 0.37±0.05%; N=5 each; P<0.01). Cytolytic activity against target DCs was significantly higher in CD8+ T cells from p210-primed DC recipient mice compared to controls (1.6±0.3% vs. 1.0±0.4% specific lysis; N=5 each; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in CD8+ T cell activation markers. Conclusion: Internalization of p210 is mediated in part by DC surface PTG binding, resulting in significantly reduced CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and increased cytolytic activity, suggesting unopposed CD8+ T cell effector function. Our results support the mechanism of p210 internalization by DC surface PTG increasing CD8+ T cell function.
Tensile deformation of aluminum as a function of temperature, strain rate, and grain size

True stress, true strain data are reported for high purity (0.9997+) silver of three grain sizes over the temperature range 20° to 1173°K (0.016 to 0.960T/T M ). Strain rate sensitivity was determined by rate-change tests. The properties so determined are qualitatively similar to those previously reported for copper.
Rat Liver Alanine Aminotransferase CRYSTALLIZATION, COMPOSITION, AND ROLE OF SULFHYDRYL GROUPS

Abstract Rat liver alanine aminotransferase has been crystallized and has a specific activity of 500 to 550 units (micromoles per min) per mg. The enzyme contains two pyridoxal phosphate groups and 23 to 30 titratable sulfhydryl equivalents per molecule (114,000 daltons). The amino acid composition has been determined and includes 34 half-cystine residues per molecule. Reaction of the first seven or eight sulfhydryl groups with p-mercuribenzoate or 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) led to no loss of activity, after which there was a loss of activity proportional to the extent of reaction of the next 16 equivalents with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Resolution and partial reconstitution of the apoenzyme has been achieved. The spectrum of the pyridoxal form of the enzyme is pH dependent, with an acid peak at 430 mµ, a basic peak at 335 mµ, and an isosbestic point at 380 mµ.