cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Freud, Moses and Monotheism, and the Conversation Between Mimetic Theory and Psychoanalysis

Girard and Freud began their projects by focusing on micro-level, interpersonal interactions, but both were swayed by a Darwinian-scale reach toward explaining broader sociocultural aspects of human conflict. Girard’s explication of mimetic desire, already well developed in Deceit, Desire, and the Novel, was advanced in Violence and the Sacred and serves as the lynchpin for an ontological reorganization of the Freudian subject. And yet, it was Girard’s reinterpretation of Freud’s Totem and Taboo and Moses and Monotheism through the lens of mimetic desire that enabled Girard to envision the power of the generative scapegoating mechanism and its role in human origins.
The effect of the interdialytic interval on cognitive function in patients on haemodialysis.

Background Cognitive deficits are common among individuals on haemodialysis (HD). The degree of dysfunction may shift over the course of the interdialytic interval. Objectives To use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the relationship between the length of the interdialytic interval and reports of cognitive dysfunction. Design A quantitative study whereby each patient's cognitive functioning was measured during both short and long interdialytic intervals. Participants Adults maintained on HD (Female n = 15, Male n = 11; MAge = 42.7 ± 15.8 years) were drawn from a standalone HD unit within a large university medical centre. Measurements Tests of baseline neurocognitive functioning were undertaken (Mini-Mental Status Examination, Digit Span, California Verbal Learning Test, Benton Visual Retention Test, Trail-Making Test) and smartphone-based electronic diary reports of cognitive impairment were made around six times each day for one week. Results Cognitive function and aptitude in this sample, although low, did not reflect clinically-significant impairment, with a mean Mini-Mental Status Exam score of 25.7 ± 3.0. Diary reports of cognitive impairment were also minimal, with an overall mean rating of .22 out of 5. Contrary to expectations, cognitive impairment was significantly greater on the one-day interdialytic days than on Day 2 of the two-day interdialytic interval (β = .094, p = .017). Conclusions Although cognitive impairment appears to be mild in stable, young patients with end stage renal disease, volumetric disruptions caused by HD may exacerbate such dysfunction.
Movement screens: Are we measuring movement dysfunction or movement skill?:

Movement screens are commonly used for assessing athletic readiness or injury potential. However, these screens fail to distinguish between movement dysfunction and movement skill. The purpose of t...
The effects of managed care and prospective payment on the demand for hospital nurses: evidence from California.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of managed care and the prospective payment system on the hospital employment of registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and aides. DATA SOURCES: Hospital-level data from California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) Hospital Disclosure Reports from 1976/1977 through 1994/1995. Additional information is extracted from OSHPD Patient Discharge Data. STUDY DESIGN: Multivariate regression equations are used to estimate demand for nurses as a function of wages, hospital output, technology level, and ownership. Separate equations are estimated for RNs, LPNs, and aides for all daily services and for medical-surgical units. Instrumental variables are used to correct for the endogeneity of wages, and fixed effects are included to control for unobserved differences across hospitals. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: HMOs are associated with a lower use of LPNs and aides, and HMOs do not have a statistically significant effect on the demand for RNs. Managed care has a smaller effect on nurse staffing in medical-surgical units than in daily service units as a whole. The prospective payment system does not have a statistically significant effect on nurse staffing. CONCLUSIONS: HMOs have affected nursing employment both because HMOs have reduced the number of discharges and because of a direct relationship between HMO penetration and the demand for LPNs and aides. Contrary to press reports, LPNs and aides have been affected more by HMOs than have registered nurses.
BIOMECHANICS OF THE ELBOW AND FOREARM

The elbow joint functions as a link between the shoulder and wrist providing an exceptional amount of stability and motion. The elbow joint should not be considered a simple hinge joint; rather there are important out-of-plane motions that affect implant design and surgical reconstruction of the elbow. Forearm rotation, which occurs as the radius wraps around the ulna, guided by the soft tissues at the wrist and elbow joints, also contributes to upper extremity mobility. Force transmission in the forearm is a complex interaction of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane. Forces at the wrist affect the transmission of force through the forearm to the elbow joint. During some activities, forces at the elbow joint can reach several times body weight. These motion, stability, and force interactions allow for the forearm's function. It should be recognized that an event at the elbow joint affects the forearm and the wrist, and conversely injury or disease at the wrist joint can affect the elbow.
Assessing vignetting as a means to reduce VR sickness during amplified head rotations

Redirected and amplified head movements have the potential to provide more natural interaction with virtual environments (VEs) than using controller-based input, which causes large discrepancies between visual and vestibular self-motion cues and leads to increased VR sickness. However, such amplified head movements may also exacerbate VR sickness symptoms over no amplification. Several general methods have been introduced to reduce VR sickness for controller-based input inside a VE, including a popular vignetting method that gradually reduces the field of view. In this paper, we investigate the use of vignetting to reduce VR sickness when using amplified head rotations instead of controller-based input. We also investigate whether the induced VR sickness is a result of the user's head acceleration or velocity by introducing two different modes of vignetting, one triggered by acceleration and the other by velocity. Our dependent measures were pre and post VR sickness questionnaires as well as estimated discomfort levels that were assessed each minute of the experiment. Our results show interesting effects between a baseline condition without vignetting, as well as the two vignetting methods, generally indicating that the vignetting methods did not succeed in reducing VR sickness for most of the participants and, instead, lead to a significant increase. We discuss the results and potential explanations of our findings.
Abstract 166: The Brain and Aortic Aneurysm Screening (BAAS) Study - Screening for Occult Intracranial Aneurysms in Those With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture has a mortality rate of 64% and intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture has a mortality rate of 50%. Despite the high mortality rates, early detection and treatment of these vascular lesions prior to rupture can prevent devastating clinical outcomes, underscoring the need to identify high-risk populations for screening. Current evidence demonstrates shared genetic and environmental risk factors for both AAA and IA. Methods: The BAAS study sought to establish the co-prevalence of AAA and IA. In one arm of BAAS, we recruited patients presenting with AAA and screened them for IA. All participants underwent a detailed interview to collect demographic, radiographic, and clinical data and also had genetic counseling. Results: Of the 126 individuals with an AAA enrolled, 65% (82/126) completed the MRA. Difficulty with logistics of obtaining the research MRA with long distance travel to clinic was the principal reason for failure to obtain MRA. We identified 20.7% ...
A Wide Dynamic Range Sparse FC-DNN Processor with Multi-Cycle Banked SRAM Read and Adaptive Clocking in 16nm FinFET

Always-on classifiers for sensor data require a very wide operating range to support a variety of real-time workloads and must operate robustly at low supply voltages. We present a 16nm always-on wake-up controller with a fully-connected (FC) Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerator that operates from 0.4-1 V. Calibration-free automatic voltage/frequency tuning is provided by tracking small non-zero Razor timing-error rates, and a novel timing-error driven sync-free fast adaptive clocking scheme provides resilience to on-chip supply voltage noise. The model access burden of neural networks is relaxed using a multicycle SRAM read, which allows memory voltage to be reduced at iso-throughput. The wide operating range allows for high performance at 1.36GHz, low-power consumption down to 750µW and state-of-the-art raw efficiency at 16-bit precision of 750 GOPS/W dense, or 1.81 TOPS/W sparse.
Ella Fitzgerald & “I Can't Stop Loving You,” Berlin 1968: Paying Homage to & Signifying on Soul Music

“If you don't learn new songs, you're lost,” Ella Fitzgerald told The New York Times in 1967. This essay is a close reading of one performance of “I Can't Stop Loving You” she gave at a concert in ...
Bayesian analysis of capture reactions $^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha,\gamma)^7\mathrm{Be}$ and $^3\mathrm{H}(\alpha,\gamma)^7\mathrm{Li}$

Bayesian analysis of the radiative capture reactions $^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha,\gamma)^7\mathrm{Be}$ and $^3\mathrm{H}(\alpha,\gamma)^7\mathrm{Li}$ are performed to draw inferences about the cross sections at threshold. We do a model comparison of two competing effective field theory power countings for the capture reactions. The two power countings differ in the contribution of two-body electromagnetic currents. In one power counting, two-body currents contribute at leading order, and in the other they contribute at higher orders. The former is favored for $^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha,\gamma)^7\mathrm{Be}$ if elastic scattering data in the incoming channel is considered in the analysis. Without constraints from elastic scattering data, both the power countings are equally favored. For $^3\mathrm{H}(\alpha,\gamma)^7\mathrm{Li}$, the first power counting with two-body current contributions at leading order is favored with or without constraints from elastic scattering data.
Disruptive Innovation in Criminal Defense: Demanding Corporate Criminal Trials

Perhaps the least sympathetic party in a corporate criminal matter is a corporate entity that has engaged in criminal conduct. If the corporation is large, subject to third party civil actions, and especially in an industry dependent upon a public perception of ethical behavior, a criminal indictment can destroy the entity, and few in society are likely to be concerned. To ameliorate the collateral consequences of an indictment, corporations are quick to cooperate with the government by signing onto non-prosecution, deferred prosecution, or plea agreements. The government secures a hefty fine and obtains from the entity the names and evidence against individuals who allegedly engaged in the corporate misconduct. But what if companies refused to cooperate? What if corporations demanded speedy trials? What if the power and resources of the entity were used to protect innocent or naive corporate constituents? What if the corporate fines were directed to third parties who could assist in correcting any wrongdoing? Proposed here is the idea that corporations need to reevaluate folding to the government and instead present a united front against government attempts to extort money and evidence from them to the detriment of their corporate constituents.
Masseteric-to-Facial Nerve Transfer and Selective Neurectomy for Rehabilitation of the Synkinetic Smile.

ImportanceSynkinesis is the involuntary movement of 1 area of the face accompanying volitional movement of another; it is commonly encountered in patients affected by facial palsy. Current treatmen...
The Challenges of Organizational Classification: A Research Note:

Social movement, civil society, and world polity scholars use counts of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to evaluate important theoretical and empirical claims. To construct these measures, res...
Subjective Knee Function and Risk of Failure Are Equivalent for Men and Women at 5 Years After Meniscus Repair.

Purpose To determine whether subjective knee function or risk of repair failure differ between men and women at mean 5 years following meniscal repair with or without concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods A total of 235 patients (97 women, 138 men; mean age, 29.1 years; standard deviation, 11.3) were assessed for meniscus repair failure and postoperative knee function at mean 5.8 years follow-up. Knee symptoms were assessed with International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective (IKDC-S) scores. Postoperative activity scores were assessed with Marx activity score. Independent effects of patient age and activity level on meniscus failure risk and patient-reported outcomes were determined by multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, body mass index, anterior cruciate ligament status, tear pattern, and number of implants used at the time of surgery. Results Failures occurred in 18.9% of men and 21.0% of women with no difference in mean time to failure (P = .75) or risk of failure for men vs women (P = .57) in the univariate analysis. Male sex was not an independent risk factor for failure after adjustment for patient age, body mass index, concomitant anterior cruciate ligament status, tear pattern, or number of implants used (P = .16). Marx activity scores at follow-up were higher among men in multivariate analysis (P = .009). Men and women had similar IKDC-S scores at follow-up in the unadjusted (P = .25) and multivariate analyses (P = .21). Conclusions Following meniscus repair, both sexes report similar subjective knee function, though men have higher self-reported activity scores. Meniscus repair failure risk does not differ between men or women at mid-term follow up. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective case-control study.
Is nasogastric tube feeding necessary after hypopharyngeal diverticulum surgery

Abstract Objectives Nasogastric tubes (NGT) are often placed after surgery for cricopharyngeal muscle pathology due to risk of infection and mediastinitis. The aim of this study was to examine if this practice is necessary. Methods A retrospective case series of subjects who underwent surgery for hypopharyngeal diverticula or cricopharyngeal bars from March 2011 to June 2018 was conducted. Demographic data, type of surgery, placement of feeding tube, initiation of oral feeding, and any complications were recorded. Results Sixty-four surgeries were performed for Zenker's diverticula (ZD; N = 52), Killian-Jamieson diverticula (N = 2), and cricopharyngeal bar (N = 10). Mean age and ZD pouch size were 74.0 ± 10.6 years and 3.1 ± 1.8 cm, respectively. Procedures included 48 carbon dioxide laser-assisted myotomies, 14 open diverticulectomies, and 2 endoscopic stapler-assisted diverticulotomies. Of the 64 patients, 19 (29.7%) received intraoperative NGTs while the remaining 45 (70.3%) did not receive NGTs. The former cohort had the NGTs removed on post-operative day (POD) 4.5 ± 2.5, and the non-NGT cohort started clear liquid diet (CLD) on POD 1.2 ± 0.7 days, where 38 patients (84.4%) started CLD on POD 1, and 5 patients (7.8%) were started on oral diet on POD 2–4. Over time, fewer NGTs were placed and oral diets were started sooner. There were 5 complications occurring in 3 patients from the NGT cohort (15.5%) and 2 from the non-NGT cohort (4.4%). Conclusions Surgery for hypopharyngeal diverticula and CPB may not require routine perioperative NGT placement which can be associated with higher rates of complication. Patients can safely receive CLD on POD 1.
The Higher Education Connection

Meet Margaret. Due to her intelligence, solid academic preparation, and flexibility, she overcame being an “academic wanderer” and landed a tenure track assistant professorship. That is the good news. That bad news is like many doctoral students (and other college grads), she has a student loan problem. How can Margaret successfully pay off her student loans? To begin, she should figure how much she owes, the years to repay, and the interest rate. Now, Margaret can apply proven strategies for paying down the debt. As Margaret understands, things are changing in higher education. Starting salaries are highly variable across fields, locations, and types of institutions. Tenure track positions are being replaced by rolling, multi-year contracts. The traditional defenses of tenure, including academic freedom and compensating wage differentials, are losing ground to colleges having more hiring flexibility to attract students. Success in higher education today may well depend on doctoral students being more flexible than in the past and demonstrating stronger teaching skills, potential for publication, and obtaining research grants. Finally, higher education faculty often encounter opportunities to earn more income that are rarely available to K-12 teachers including teaching summer courses, overloads, guest lectures, books, and research.
Improving Performance Metrics in Acute Stroke Care by Use of Standardized Stroke Templates (4591)

Objective: This quality improvement project aimed to improve the timeliness and accuracy of in-hospital stroke documentation in order to improve quality of care and use for research purposes. Background: Barrow Neurological Institute is a high-volume primary stroke center with mechanical thrombectomy capability. As an academic center, neurology residents comprise an essential part of patient’s inpatient stroke care. Documentation varied among neurology residents regarding the timeline and details of information documented in the initial H&P, progress notes, and discharge summary. As such, there was a wide disparity in the data captured on stroke patients. Design/Methods: Standardized stroke templates were created to include designated fields pertaining to the time course and severity, allowing consistent and accurate determination of NIHSS and ICH score. This QI project is divided into 2 PDSA cycles. The first cycle implemented the standardized templates to be used on all stroke patients. The second cycle implemented further actions such as educating temporary neurology rotators and intermittently reminding neurology residents regarding the use of templates with printed handouts. Results: Prior to implementation in March 2019, a pre-implementation period of six months was captured as a baseline population data set, which revealed significant deficits in timeliness of NIHSS and ICH scores. After the first cycle was implemented, a statistically significant improvement (p Conclusions: Implementation of a standardized documentation for all stroke patients results in greater accuracy and timeliness of stroke patient data. Disclosure: Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Quan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Al-Hasan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hoskin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Root has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balbuena-Root has nothing to disclose. Dr. Waters has nothing to disclose.
The evaluation of a multiphasic 3D-bioplotted scaffold seeded with adipose derived stem cells to repair osteochondral defects in a porcine model.

There is a need for the development of effective treatments for focal articular cartilage injuries. We previously developed a multiphasic 3D-bioplotted osteochondral scaffold design that can drive site-specific tissue formation when seeded with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). The objective of this study was to evaluate this scaffold in a large animal model. Osteochondral defects were generated in the trochlear groove of Yucatan minipigs and repaired with scaffolds that either contained or lacked an electrospun tidemark and were either unseeded or seeded with ASC. Implants were monitored via computed tomography (CT) over the course of 4 months of in vivo implantation and compared to both open lesions and autologous explants. ICRS II evaluation indicated that defects with ASC-seeded scaffolds had healing that most closely resembled the aulogous explant. Scaffold-facilitated subchondral bone repair mimicked the structure of native bone tissue, but cartilage matrix staining was not apparent within the scaffold. The open lesions had the highest volumetric infill detected using CT analysis (p < 0.05), but the repair tissue was largely disorganized. The acellular scaffold without a tidemark had significantly more volumetric filling than either the acellular or ASC seeded groups containing a tidemark (p < 0.05), suggesting that the tidemark limited cell infiltration into the cartilage portion of the scaffold. Overall, scaffold groups repaired the defect more successfully than an open lesion but achieved limited repair in the cartilage region. With further optimization, this approach holds potential to treat focal cartilage lesions in a highly personalized manner using a human patient's own ASC cells.
Convergence Analysis and Numerical Studies for Linearly Elastic Peridynamics with Dirichlet-Type Boundary Conditions.

The nonlocal models of peridynamics have successfully predicted fractures and deformations for a variety of materials. In contrast to local mechanics, peridynamic boundary conditions must be defined on a finite volume region outside the body. Therefore, theoretical and numerical challenges arise in order to properly formulate Dirichlet-type nonlocal boundary conditions, while connecting them to the local counterparts. While a careless imposition of local boundary conditions leads to a smaller effective material stiffness close to the boundary and an artificial softening of the material, several strategies were proposed to avoid this unphysical surface effect. In this work, we study convergence of solutions to nonlocal state-based linear elastic model to their local counterparts as the interaction horizon vanishes, under different formulations and smoothness assumptions for nonlocal Dirichlet-type boundary conditions. Our results provide explicit rates of convergence that are sensitive to the compatibility of the nonlocal boundary data and the extension of the solution for the local model. In particular, under appropriate assumptions, constant extensions yield $\frac{1}{2}$ order convergence rates and linear extensions yield $\frac{3}{2}$ order convergence rates. With smooth extensions, these rates are improved to quadratic convergence. We illustrate the theory for any dimension $d\geq 2$ and numerically verify the convergence rates with a number of two dimensional benchmarks, including linear patch tests, manufactured solutions, and domains with curvilinear surfaces. Numerical results show a first order convergence for constant extensions and second order convergence for linear extensions, which suggests a possible room of improvement in the future convergence analysis.
'It's just a matter of playing the odds': Navigating risks associated with sexual behaviour in the COVID-19 era.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, scholars and popular media outlets have been speculating on the pandemic's effects on sexual relationships. While research differs as to whether COVID-19 is associated with sexual behaviour changes, none has focused on how sexual risk-taking during the pandemic is perceived and accomplished. Drawing on semi-structured interview data collected from 30 sexual minority men in the US, this study explores how men make sense of and manage risk during sexual activity taking place outside the bounds of lockdown. Four themes arose from these interviews: (a) the commonality of sexual activity despite COVID-19 risk; (b) sexual motivations rooted in emotions such as desire, longing for connection, and the wish to live fully in the face of the pandemic; (c) varied perceptions regarding the possibility of preventing COVID-19 infection; and (d) risk assessment and management strategies that were similar to those used for HIV prevention. Assuming or calling for abstinence neglects questions of risk navigation and omits the experiences of large swaths of the population. Addressing these issues might minimize COVID-19 transmission associated with sexual risk-taking among sexual minority men.
Race Differences in Post-Acute Physical Therapy Utilization and Patient-Reported Function after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Objective This observational cohort study included patients of Black and White race and non-Hispanic ethnicity with end-stage knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled to receive total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. We examined whether there are race differences in (1) use of physical therapy (PT) across all post-acute settings and (2) patient-reported physical function following TKA. Methods We collected pre- and post-operative physical function data and post-operative rehabilitation data on 104 Black and White individuals undergoing TKA. Regression analyses and independent samples t-tests were used to explore the predictive value of race on post-operative functional outcome and compare PT utilization within each post-acute setting and across all post-acute rehabilitation settings. Results Total PT received was similar between White and Black participants, but there were significant race differences in PT utilization within specific settings. Race did not significantly predict function after TKA, but Black participants had slightly lower self-reported function both before and after surgery than White participants. Conclusion This is the first study to examine both PT utilization and functional outcomes in a sample of individuals undergoing TKA, and results indicate differences in where post-operative PT is received between Black and White patients.
Follicular dendritic cells contain a unique gene repertoire demonstrated by single-cell polymerase chain reaction.

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) form a dense network between B cells within the germinal center and are thought to be an important component of this B-cell microenvironment. Previous immunophenotypic studies have been inconclusive in determining the cellular origin of FDCs. Gene coexpression within individual and highly enriched FDCs was determined using polymerase chain reaction. FDCs contain a very restricted mRNA pattern with high levels of message for the C3d receptor (CR2, Epstein Barr-virus/EBV receptor, CD21) and lack of mRNA for CD20, CD45, CD4, fibronectin, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that FDCs may not be of classical hematopoietic or fibroblastic origin. The absence of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin- 3, and interleukin-6 mRNA provides preliminary evidence that these cells might produce only a very restricted set of cytokines limited to the germinal center.
The immune system of cartilaginous fish.

Chondrichthyes, or cartilaginous fish, are a highly successful group of vertebrates. Most extant species are long-lived, display an amazing diversity, and fill all predatory oceanic niches (and a few other niches as well; Wilson 1992). For our purposes, they are the oldest group of vertebrates shown to possess an adaptive immune system grounded on immunoglobulins (Ig), T cell receptors (TCR), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules (Litman et al. 1999). The examination of these molecules and genes, the mechanisms of recombination and the somatic mutation of antigen receptor genes, as well as the manner by which immune responses occur in secondary (and other?) lymphoid tissues, in comparison to vertebrates of other classes, allow us to develop paradigms to illustrate the immune system in the common ancestor of all jawed vertebrates.
Simvastatin inhibits secretion of Th17‐polarizing cytokines and antigen presentation by DCs in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Statins, widely used cholesterol-lowering agents, have also been demonstrated to have antiinflammatory effects. Here, we characterize the capacity of simvastatin to target DCs and modulate T-cell priming and Th17-cell differentiation, in a cohort of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We report that simvastatin inhibits IL-1β, IL-23, TGF-β, IL-21, IL-12p70, and induces IL-27 secretion from DCs in RRMS patients, providing an inhibitory cytokine milieu for Th17 and Th1-cell differentiation. The effect on DCs is mediated via induction of SOCS1, SOCS3, and SOCS7 gene expression, which are associated with the inhibition of STAT1, STAT3, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. A geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor replicated simvastatin's effects on DC cytokine secretion, implicating that simvastatin-induced depletion of isoprenoids mediates this effect. Simvastatin inhibited antigen presentation by DCs via suppression of the MHC class I expression, costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD40, and by inducing a dramatic loss of dendritic processes. The changes in DC morphology were also mediated via inhibition of geranylgeranylation. The therapeutic use of geranylgeranylation inhibitors may provide selective inhibition of key pathogenic cytokines that drive the autoimmune response in MS; their use represents a promising therapeutic approach that requires further clinical testing.
Serum cholesterol changes in pregnancy.

Abstract Serum total cholesterol was serially measured in a group of young women before and during pregnancy while they consumed their usual diet or a fat-modified diet known to have an hypocholesterolemic effect. During the first trimester of pregnancy there was a slight but definite decrease in serum cholesterol levels; after the first trimester serum cholesterol levels increase gradually to a peak at or near term. These changes occur in both normal and hypercholesterolemic females and are not greatly influenced by the modified diets used in this study.
Use of developmental charts in teaching well child care.

Over 400 patients in our Well Child Clinic have been evaluated since September, 1961, with the aid of newly designed developmental charts. These charts are used as supplements to the usual complete patient evaluation, and the findings are discussed with a consultant. They are designed to give a graphic summary of the child9s growth and development, including school performance and behavioral patterns which can be easily compared yearly. These charts are used as teaching aids to help the student physician understand more fully the concepts of Well Child care.
Effects of Tree Island Size and Water on the Population Dynamics of Small Mammals in the Everglades

Tree islands in the Everglades prairie provided a unique opportunity to study how patch dynamics affect population processes in two small mammal species, the marsh rice rat and hispid cotton rat. We assessed the effect of island size and water on density, survivorship, reproduction, and movement in both these species. Rice rats had the highest densities on the small islands, while survivorship and reproductive activity was not affected by island size. Cotton rats had the highest densities and reproductive activity on large islands, while survivorship and reproduction was not affected by island size In both species, the highest proportion of animals moved from small islands.
Molecular orbital constrained gas electron diffraction studies: Part I. Internal rotation in 3-chlorobenzaldehyde

Abstract The geometries of the trans and cis forms of 3-chlorobenzaldehyde (I and II, respectively) were optimized using standard single determinant MO theory with the STO—3G basis. The calculated energy difference between I and II was 90 cal mole −1 . Mean amplitudes of vibration were calculated for the system by vibrational analysis. Computed molecular properties — amplitude differences and ab initio differences between some geometrical parameters — were combined with the gas electron diffraction data for the compound to constrain least-squares data analysis. The model which was in best agreement with experiment represented a conformational equilibrium with a composition of 64(16)% trans and 36% cis for the vapor of 3-chlorobenzaldehyde at 120°C. This result contradicts a previous vapor phase far infrared investigation of the compound and the torsional potential derived from it. Potentially misleading factors may, therefore, generally have to be taken into account whenever torsional potentials are derived from vibrational data. Beyond the scope of the structural problem considered, the paper demonstrates the advantages of molecular orbital constrained electron diffraction (MOCED) studies.
Intrathecal Versus Oral Baclofen: A Matched Cohort Study of Spasticity, Pain, Sleep, Fatigue, and Quality of Life

Abstract Background Baclofen commonly is used to manage spasticity caused by central nervous system lesions or dysfunction. Although both intrathecal and oral delivery routes are possible, no study has directly compared clinical outcomes associated with these 2 routes of treatment. Objective To compare spasticity levels, pain, sleep, fatigue, and quality of life between individuals receiving treatment with intrathecal versus oral baclofen. Design Cross-sectional matched cohort survey study. Setting Urban academic rehabilitation outpatient clinics. Participants Adult patients with spasticity, treated with intrathecal or oral baclofen for at least 1 year, matched 1:1 for age, gender, and diagnosis. Methods Standardized surveys were administered during clinic appointments or by telephone. Main Outcome Measures Surveys included the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results A total of 62 matched subjects were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 46 (11) years with a mean duration of intrathecal baclofen or oral baclofen treatment of 11 (6) and 13 (11) years, respectively. There were 40 (64%) male and 22 (36%) female subjects. Primary diagnoses included spinal cord injury (n = 38), cerebral palsy (n = 10), stroke (n = 10), and multiple sclerosis (n = 4). The mean (SD) dose of intrathecal and oral baclofen at the time of survey were 577 (1429) μg/day and 86 (50) mg/day, respectively. Patients receiving intrathecal compared with oral baclofen experienced significantly fewer (1.44 [0.92] versus 2.37 [1.12]) and less severe (1.44 [0.92] versus 2.16 [0.83]) spasms, respectively as measured by the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale ( P P P P P = .02). Conclusions Long-term treatment with intrathecal compared with oral baclofen is associated with reduced spasm frequency and severity as well as greater dose stability. These benefits must be weighed against the risks of internal pump and catheter placement in patients considering intrathecal baclofen therapy.
U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis

Part I. Espionage and Genocide: 1. OSS knowledge of the holocaust Richard Breitman with Norman J. W. Goda 2. Other responses to the holocaust Richard Breitman 3. Case studies of genocide Richard Breitman with Robert Wolfe 4. Nazi espionage: the Abwehr and SD Foreign Intelligence Richard Breitman 5. Follow the money Richard Breitman 6. The Gestapo Richard Breitman with Norman J. W. Goda and Paul Brown Part II. Collaboration and Collaborators: 7. Banking on Hitler: Chase National Bank and the Ruckwanderer Mark Scheme, 1936-41 Norman J. W. Goda 8. The Ustasa: murder and espionage Norman J. W. Goda 9. Nazi collaborators in the United States: what the FBI knew Norman J. W. Goda Part III. Postwar Intelligence Use of War Criminals: 10. The Nazi peddler: Wilhelm Hoettl and Allied Intelligence Norman J. W. Goda 11. Tracking the Red Orchestra: allied intelligence, Soviet spies, Nazi criminals Norman J. W. Goda 12. Coddling a Nazi turncoat Robert Wolfe 13. The CIA and Eichmann's associates Timothy Naftali 14. Reinhard Gehlen and the United States Timothy Naftali 15. Manhunts: the official search for notorious Nazis Norman J. W. Goda.
Diabetes primes neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs wound healing

Wound healing is impaired in diabetes, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils are the main leukocytes involved in the early phase of healing. As part of their anti-microbial defense, neutrophils form extracellular traps (NETs) by releasing decondensed chromatin lined with cytotoxic proteins. NETs, however, can also induce tissue damage. Here we show that neutrophils isolated from type 1 and type 2 diabetic humans and mice were primed to produce NETs (a process termed NETosis). Expression of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4, encoded by Padi4 in mice), an enzyme important in chromatin decondensation, was elevated in neutrophils from individuals with diabetes. When subjected to excisional skin wounds, wild-type (WT) mice produced large quantities of NETs in wounds, but this was not observed in Padi4(-/-) mice. In diabetic mice, higher levels of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit, a NET marker) were found in their wounds than in normoglycemic mice and healing was delayed. Wound healing was accelerated in Padi4(-/-) mice as compared to WT mice, and it was not compromised by diabetes. DNase 1, which disrupts NETs, accelerated wound healing in diabetic and normoglycemic WT mice. Thus, NETs impair wound healing, particularly in diabetes, in which neutrophils are more susceptible to NETosis. Inhibiting NETosis or cleaving NETs may improve wound healing and reduce NET-driven chronic inflammation in diabetes.
Bridging biometrics and forensics

This paper is a survey on biometrics and forensics, especially on the techniques and applications of face recognition in forensics. This paper describes the differences and connections between biometrics and forensics, and bridges each other by formulating the conditions when biometrics can be applied in forensics. Under these conditions, face recognition, as a non-intrusive and non-contact biometrics, is discussed in detail as an illustration of applying biometrics in forensics. The discussion on face recognition covers different approaches, feature extractions, and decision procedures. The advantages and limitations of biometrics in forensic applications are also addressed.
OH absorption spectroscopy in a flame using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy.

We demonstrate measurements of OH absorption spectra in the post-flame zone of a McKenna burner using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS). SHS permits high-resolution, high-throughput measurements. In this case the spectra span ~308-310 nm with a resolution of 0.03 nm, even though an extended source (extent of ~2×10−7 m2 rad2) was used. The high spectral resolution is important for interpreting spectra when multiple absorbers are present for inferring accurate gas temperatures from measured spectra and for monitoring weak absorbers. The present measurement paves the way for absorption spectroscopy by SHS in practical combustion devices, such as reciprocating and gas-turbine engines.
Analyzing power of proton-nucleus elastic scattering between 80 and 180 MeV

Elastic scattering of polarized protons of 80-180 MeV from a number of target nuclei ($24lAl208$) has been measured. The systematic energy and target mass dependence of the cross section and analyzing power angular distributions is discussed. The data have been analyzed within the framework of a conventional optical potential model, and the behavior of the potential parameters as a function of energy is investigated. Comparisons are made with results obtained at energies greater than 180 MeV and with predictions obtained from microscopic models.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, ${E}_{p}=134.7$ MeV; $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, ${E}_{p}=134.5$ MeV; $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, ${E}_{p}=80.2, 181.5$ MeV; $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, ${E}_{p}=79.6, 98.7, 134.8, 160$ MeV; $^{92}\mathrm{Zr}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, ${E}_{p}=104$ MeV; $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, ${E}_{p}=104$ MeV; $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)$, ${E}_{p}=79.8, 98, 182$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, ${A}_{y}(\ensuremath{\theta})$; optical-model analysis, deduced energy dependence, comparison with microscopic models.
The Statistical Properties of Freeze Date Variables and the Length of the Growing Season

Abstract Knowledge of the probability distributions of first and last freeze, the length of the growing season and the probabilities of freezes on any day is of considerable practical importance. Generally, empirical approximations to these distributions are made, often by the Gaussian distribution. In this paper they are calculated using the theory of crossings of a threshold by a nonstationary Gaussian process. Fourier series are used to represent the seasonal variation of the mean and variance of daily minimum temperatures. First-order autocorrelation of temperatures are modeled on a monthly basis. The procedure is tested at two widely differing sites, Regina Airport, Saskatchewan, Canada and Lake City, Florida. Observed descriptive statistics of an freeze variables are reproduced well, particularly those of rarer events. The analysis may be repeated for any threshold temperature of interest as illustrated by an investigation of periods of temperatures below −2.2°C at Lake City, and may be used to dete...
Time to Return to Play After High Ankle Sprains in Collegiate Football Players: A Prediction Model

Background:Determining the severity of high ankle sprains in athletes and predicting the time that an athlete can return to unrestricted sport activities following this injury remain significant challenges.Purpose:The objectives of this study were (1) to determine if objective measurements of injury severity after high ankle sprains could predict the time to return to play in Division I football players and (2) to determine whether physical examination or diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound was more predictive of return to play. The hypothesis was that objective measures of injury severity of a high ankle sprain can be predictive of time to return to athletic participation in collegiate football players.Study Design:Prospective case series.Methods:Twenty consecutive Division I collegiate football players with a diagnosis of a grade I high ankle sprain (syndesmosis sprain without diastasis) were studied. Two clinical measurements of injury severity were determined: the height of the zone of injury on phy...
Microanalysis of Individual Mitochondrial Granules with Diameters Less Than 1000 Angstroms

A scanning electron microscope was converted to an electron microprobe with high spatial resolution by the addition of a transmitted electron detector and a solid-state x-ray detector. Spectra obtained from mitochondrial granules of chondrocytes in situ confirm the suspected presence of calcium and phosphorus. Contamination during analysis can lead to false indications of silicon in living tissue.
A block spin construction of Ondelettes. Part i: Lemarié Functions

Using block spin assignments, we construct anL2-orthonormal basis consisting of dyadic scalings and translates of just a finite number of functions. These functions have exponential localization, and for even values of a construction parameterM one can make them classCM−1 with vanishing moments up to orderM inclusive. Such a basis has an important application to phase cell cluster expansions in quantum field theory.
Novel Motion-Doubling Linkage Mechanisms for Vehicle Suspension: Performance Simulation Results

In recent studies, a new class of planar and spatial linkage mechanisms was presented in which for a continuous full rotation or continuous rocking motion of the input link, the output link undergoes two continuous rocking motions. Such linkage mechanisms were referred to as the “motion-doubling” linkage mechanisms. This class of mechanisms was also shown to generally have dynamics advantage over regular mechanisms designed to achieve similar gross output motions. In a recent study, the application of such motion-doubling linkage mechanisms to vehicle suspension system was investigated. In the present study, the performance of a vehicle using such a suspension system is compared to a suspension system regularly used in vehicles. For a typical set of vehicle and tire parameters, the parameters of both suspension systems are optimally determined with a commonly used objective function. The performance of the two systems in the presence of various input disturbances is then determined using computer simulation. It is shown that suspension systems constructed with motion-doubling linkage mechanisms can provide a significantly superior performance as compared to a commonly used suspension system.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Outcome of treatment of 160 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the neck staged N3a.

One hundred sixty patients with N3a neck disease were studied to evaluate the overall treatment outcome. Of these, 54 recieved palliative radiotherapy and 106 patients were treated with treated with curative intent. Twenty patients (19%) died of inter-current disease (13 at less than 2 years), and 13 of 93 patients followed for 2 or more years are alive with no evidence of disease. Thus, 73 patients died directly from cancer, with meta-static disease being the leading cause of death. Almost one third of the patients failed to complete treatment.
Anticoagulation-induced severe bleeding in a patient receiving bevacizumab therapy

A 56-year-old female with heavily pretreated stage 4 nonsmall cell lung cancer metastatic to brain, lungs and bone who had been diagnosed with a lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and started on low molecular weight heparin in the previous week presented to the emergency department with severe bilateral flank pain, denied fever, trauma, dysuria or gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient had just finished receiving her second cycle of a clinical trial involving erlotinib, cetuximab and bevacizumab. Restaging imaging studies performed 3 days prior to presentation showed a 43% decrease in the size of her primary lung lesion, and did not show intra-abdominal metastatic disease. Physical exam revealed a chronic diffuse cetuximabinduced rash and new sacral, lumbar, and bilateral flank hematomas (Fig. 1a–c). Hemoglobin was 7.5 g/dL, decreased from 11.5 g/dL, platelets were 120 K/uL, which were at baseline, and coagulation studies, including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and fibrinogen, were normal. A computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed collections of fluid in the left paravertebral area, bilateral paraspinal regions, and adjacent to the left psoas, likely representing hematomas (Fig. 1d). The patient was transfused with packed red blood cells resulting in normalization of hemoglobin, anticoagulation was stopped, and an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter was placed. Major bleeding has been reported to affect less than 1% of patients receiving anticoagulation. Bevacizumab has been associated with venous thromboembolic events (VTE), and bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulation after a first VTE while receiving bevacizumab-based therapy, leading to temporary or permanent discontinuation of treatment. Some known toxicities of bevacizumab include hypertension, wound healing impairment, thrombosis, bleeding, and gastrointestinal perforation, which have been hypothesized to be related to the action of this monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The concomitant use of an anticoagulant and bevacizumab may have induced such massive hemorrhage in our patient, as no alternative causes were found after a thorough analysis of the bleeding event. The use of bevacizumab together with anticoagulants will inevitably rise, as bevacizumab is increasingly being used in cancer patients, who already have an inherent predisposition to VTE due to their malignancy-induced hypercoagulability state. We should, therefore, exercise caution regarding bevacizumab-induced bleeding in patients who are already receiving anticoagulation due to a previous VTE.