cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of quinidine in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Quinidine causes vasodilation directly and by inhibition of adrenergic vasoconstriction, but it also exerts negative inotropic activity. Although this drug is often administered to patients with severe congestive heart failure, the net consequences of these opposing actions have not been evaluated in such patients. The hemodynamic and neurohormonal response to oral quinidine (600 mg) in 19 patients with severe chronic heart failure was therefore determined. Vasodilation was the predominant effect of quinidine, with reductions in mean arterial, left ventricular filling and right atrial pressures of −9% (confidence interval [CI] −5 to −13), −8% (CI −19 to 3), −15% (CI −26 to −4), respectively. The quinidine-induced vasodilation increased plasma norepinephrine and epinehrine concentrations by 44% (CI +17 to +72) and 47% (CI +2 to +91), respectively. No change in cardiac performance was noted, with the cardiac index slightly increased (+10%, CI +2 to +17) and stroke work index unchanged (0%, CI −11 to +11) after quinidine. Although the mean serum quinidine concentration was within the therapeutic range or lower in all patients, the serum quinidine concentration and the change in mean arterial pressure did correlate (r 2 = 0.64). In conclusion, vasodilation is the predominant hemodynamic effect of oral quinidine in patients with congestive heart failure. However, potential adverse effects may be caused by consequent neurohormonal activation.
Minimizing the number of voltage sources for pinched injection on a microfluidic device

This work presents a novel injection design for microfluidic systems which is able to perform pinched injections using a single power supply. This geometry also minimizes the injection time compared to standard pinched injections. This new design was developed and investigated by computer simulation and these results were confirmed by experimental studies using the injection of fluorescent dye.
Cell trafficking and tumor metastasis - two sides of the same coin

Cell trafficking and cell metastasis in hematological malignancies and solid tumors represents the main mechanism by which malignant cells migrate to different tissues to generate systemic spread. This is represented in the widespread dissemination seen in hematological malignancies such as leukemias, lymphomas or multiple myeloma, or in metastatic spread in solid tumors as in lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma.
Echinostoma liei miracidia and Biomphalariaglabrata snails: Effect of egg age, habitat heterogeneity, water quality and volume on infectivity

Abstract Infectivity of Echinostoma liei miracidia to NIH albino Biomphalaria glabrata declines significantly from 62% with eggs incubated for 10–24 days to 3% for eggs incubated for 30–42 days. In mass exposures of 25 snails to 125 miracidia in 1 liter of water infectivity was high (54–66 %) and not affected by the presence of lettuce, plastic sheets, chalk, detritus or snail-conditioned water. In distilled water or snail-conditioned water the proportion of infected snails exposed singly to five miracidia per snail in 5 ml was not significantly different from the results of mass exposures of 25 snails in 1 liter to the same snail: miracidia ratio. Some evidence is presented suggesting that infected snails are less likely to suffer mortality than uninfected snails during the first 7–10 days post-exposure. The results suggest that Echinostoma liei miracidial searching efficiency is robust in volumes of at least 1 liter and in a heterogeneous habitat. These aspects enhance the competitive potential of echinostomes as possible biological control agents for Schistosoma mansoni .
Nanopositioning for probe storage

Scanning-probe data-storage devices are currently being explored as alternatives to conventional data storage. Ultra-high density, small form factor, and low cost are thought to be the primary advantages of probe storage. The ultra-high a real density makes nanopositioning a significant challenge in probe storage. In this paper, we discuss the control of a MEMS scanner used in a probe storage device which uses thermo-mechanical means to store and retrieve information on thin polymer films. The MEMS scanner has X-Y motion capabilities with a travel range of approx 120 /spl mu/m. Thermal position sensors are used to provide positioning information. This paper describes the dynamics of the micro-scanner, the primary control challenges, and the way they are addressed.
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) egg yolk concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and lipid increase during the last stage of embryonic development

Data are scarce describing the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in sea turtle eggs. The purpose of this study was to establish appropriate sample collection methodology to monitor these contaminants in sea turtle eggs. Contaminant concentrations were measured in yolk samples from eggs that failed to hatch from three loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nests collected in southern Florida to determine if concentrations change through embryonic development. One to three egg yolk samples per nest were analyzed from early, middle, and late developmental stages (n=22 eggs total). PCB and pesticide concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Geometric mean concentrations of summation operatorPCBs (52 congeners), summation operatorDDTs, summation operatorchlordanes, and dieldrin in all eggs were 65.0 (range=7.11 to 3930 ng/g lipid), 67.1 (range=7.88 to 1340 ng/g lipid), 37.0 (range=4.04 to 685 ng/g lipid), and 11.1 ng/g lipid (range=1.69 to 44.0 ng/g lipid), respectively. Early and middle developmental stage samples had similar concentrations of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides on a wet-mass basis (ng/g tissue extracted), but the concentrations doubled by the late stage. This increase is most likely attributable to the 50% increase in lipid content observed in the late-stage yolk. These findings indicate that an early-stage sample cannot be directly compared to a late-stage sample, especially from different nests. These preliminary findings also allowed us to calculate the minimum number of eggs per nest required for analysis to obtain an acceptable mean concentration per nest. More research is required to investigate geographical trends of contaminant concentrations and potential health effects (i.e., abnormalities) caused by these contaminants on sea turtle development.
Some resources for teaching concurrency

With the increasing emphasis on exploiting concurrency efficiently and correctly, the lack of suitable pedagogical material for teaching concurrency is a growing problem. In this paper, we summarize a recently concluded class as well as some independent projects in the area of concurrency and multi-core computing that offer some insights to address this problem. We examine background papers, the teaching of low level concurrency, and the teaching of threading and message passing. The use of dynamic formal verification tools in a class setting is discussed in some detail. We conclude with a summary of pedagogical material being assembled, including exercises from a popular textbook on MPI solved using our dynamic verifier ISP. Our observation is that the teaching of concurrency is greatly facilitated by the use of dynamic push-button formal verification tools that can handle non-trivial concurrent programs. Given the growing number of publications on how to teach concurrency as well as employ new programming approaches, our work addresses the somewhat neglected topic of using modern dynamic formal verification methods within the context of widely used concurrency approaches and libraries.
Phase synchrony and coherence analyses of EEG as tools to discriminate between children with and without attention deficit disorder

Phase synchrony and model-based magnitude squared (MS) coherence analyses of the EEG are investigated for their usefulness in the discrimination between non-ADHD and ADHD children. We observed that phase synchrony is higher ‐ on average ‐ for non-ADHD participants than for the ADHD group. Based on the relatively small sample available to us, we find that a Euclidean distance-based classifier may ‐ with selection of proper electrode pairs, EEG rhythm, and task ‐ discriminate between the EEG of non-ADHD and ADHD children with an average percentage of correct classification of 63.2%. MS coherence was observed to be considerably higher at low frequencies (i.e. below 1 Hz) for ADHD subjects than for the majority of the nonADHD individuals. We also observedthat the u rhythm MS coherence (approximately 4‐6 Hz) is generally higher for non-ADHD subjects than for ADHD individuals. The combination of these effects was observed on four out of the seven non-ADHD subjects and on all six of the ADHD subjects.
Familiality of Factor Analysis-Derived YBOCS Dimensions in OCD-Affected Sibling Pairs from the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study

Background Identification of familial, more homogenous characteristics of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) may help to define relevant subtypes and increase the power of genetic and neurobiological studies of OCD. While factor-analytic studies have found consistent, clinically meaningful OCD symptom dimensions, there have been only limited attempts to evaluate the familiality and potential genetic basis of such dimensions. Methods Four hundred eighteen sibling pairs with OCD were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) Symptom Checklist and Severity scales. Results After controlling for sex, age, and age of onset, robust sib–sib intraclass correlations were found for two of the four YBOCS factors: Factor IV (hoarding obsessions and compulsions (p = .001) and Factor I (aggressive, sexual, and religious obsessions, and checking compulsions; p = .002). Smaller, but still significant, familiality was found for Factor III (contamination/cleaning; p = .02) and Factor II (symmetry/ordering/arranging; p = .04). Limiting the sample to female subjects more than doubled the familiality estimates for Factor II (p = .003). Among potentially relevant comorbid conditions for genetic studies, bipolar I/II and major depressive disorder were strongly associated with Factor I (p Conclusions Factor-analyzed OCD symptom dimensions in sibling pairs with OCD are familial with some gender-dependence, exhibit relatively specific relationships to comorbid psychiatric disorders and thus may be useful as refined phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of OCD.
Age at intervention and treatment outcome for autistic children in a comprehensive intervention program

This study compared the treatment outcomes of nine autistic children who began receiving intensive behavioral intervention prior to 60 months of age with outcomes for nine other children who entered the same intervention program after 60 months of age. The 18 children in the sample included all of the children served by the Princeton Child Development Institute's day school and treatment program during the period 1975-83 who were diagnosed autistic and who had either (a) achieved positive discharge or (b) been enrolled in the program for 24 months or longer and continued to receive program services. Age at program entry was found to be strongly related to positive treatment outcome (i.e., to children's continued residence with their natural parents and attendance at public school classes). This investigation underlines the importance of early behavioral intervention for autistic children.
Benthic community development in limestone beds of the Waynesville (upper Dillsboro) Formation (Cincinnatian Series, Upper Ordovician) of southeastern Indiana

ABSTRACT Vertical and lateral changes in composition occur within 13 individual limestone beds of the Waynesville (Upper Dillsboro) Formation (Upper Ordovician) near Brookville, Indiana. Fossil allochems formed approximately 40%. and carbonate ooze 60% of the original carbonate sediment, with later conversion of most of the ooze to microspar and pseudospar. The relative abundances of individual constituents, however, vary between the top, center, bottom, and margins of each limestone bed. The centers of the beds are distinguished from the tops, bottoms, and margins of beds using certain variables and discriminant function analysis. Variables important in separation include neomorphic sparry calcite and echinoderms within the bed centers, and micrite, bryozoans, and brachiopods within the tops, bottoms, and margins of beds. An increase in faunal diversity from the bottoms to the centers of beds indicates rapid community succession. A decrease in faunal diversity from the centers to the tops of the limestone beds indicates community degradation. The writers propose that a subtidal, terrigenous mud substrate was colonized by thin, flat, brachiopods (Onniella). The accumulation of these valves provided a pavement upon which erect bryozoans could grow. Further stabilization of the substrate allowed crinoids to become established. A wave-current baffle was produced in the denser parts of the community by the abundant growth of bryozoans and crinoids creating low energy conditions favorable for the simultaneous accumulation of unsorted allochems and ooze. The community spread laterally as skeletal debris swept from atop the growing centers stabilized the peripheral muds. Carbonate accumulation terminated when mobilized, muddy, bottom sediment, thrown into suspension under storm conditions, settled and smothered the community. The model proposed for the accumulation of the carbonate sediments is independent of bottom topography and conditions of accumulation of terrigenous mud.
Carrier and phase recovery for coded systems using a preamble sequence with reliability information over AWGN channels

Channel coding is an integral part of most data communication systems. However, most existing carrier synchronization algorithms do not take advantage of the redundancy introduced in the data stream by the code and operate at an uncoded SNR which can be significantly lower than the coded SNR. Thus, whereas it used to be the case that if detection could be achieved reliably, so could synchronization, this may not be true any more for heavily coded systems. We introduce an approximate maximum likelihood estimator that incorporates the code structure in obtaining phase estimates. Simulation results show the performance of the introduced algorithm is significantly better than those which do not make use of the code structure.
Clinical Issues Encountered in the Refeeding of the Patient with Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a challenging disorder to treat, both from a medical and a psychiatric standpoint. Part of the clinical difficulty is based on the patients ardent desire to resist meaningful weight restoration, and the debilitating fear of food which defines this disorder. However, there are also a litany of medical complications which can interfere with the refeeding process and which affect many different body systems. One particularly concerning sequela of this refeeding is known as the refeeding syndrome. This potentially fatal syndrome most commonly occurs with aggressive refeeding programs that do not incorporate close surveillance for the signs and symptoms of the newly acquired anabolic condition. Without early detection and intervention, progressive cardiopulmonary failure can occur. Cautious and restrained provision of calories together with vigilant oversight and checking of electrolytes on a frequent basis will prevent this sobering syndrome. The biochemical, cardiac, and gastrointestinal systems are most prominently affected during early periods of weight restoration. However, weight restoration remains the key to a successful treatment outcome in patients with anorexia nervosa, and thus, familiarity with these issues is imperative for the caregivers of anorectic patients.
What happens when circuits grow old: Aging issues in CMOS design

As CMOS technologies have shrunk to tens of nanometers, aging problems have emerged as a major challenge. There has been tremendous progress in developing new methods for modeling and diagnosing reliability at the level of individual transistors, but much less work on propagating these models to higher levels of abstraction to analyze and optimize the reliability of larger circuits. This talk will provide an introduction to various circuit aging mechanisms and will then discuss research that develops computer-aided design techniques for estimating and enhancing the reliability of large digital circuits, examining solutions that could practically be applied to analyze or improve the lifetime of a design while maintaining consistency to accurate device-level models and the associated physics.
Benefits and Costs of Vegetative and Sexual Reproduction in Perennial Plants: A Review of Literature

ABSTRACT A number of perennial plant species can have different modes of reproduction, depending on environmental conditions. The objective of this paper is to review previously published literature regarding the benefits and costs of asexual (vegetative) and sexual reproduction in perennial plants, and to address which environmental conditions tend to favor each mode of reproduction in plants exhibiting both vegetative and sexual reproduction. Benefits of vegetative reproduction, through physiological integration among intraclonal ramets, may prolong the life in clones of individuals by spreading the risk of mortality over space. Costs of long-term integration may involve maintenance of connections and support of numerous daughter ramets at the expense of the parental clone. The depletion of genotypic variability within clonal populations through time makes them more susceptible to diseases, pathogens, and environmental stochasticity. However, benefits of sexual reproduction include genetic diversity, pr...
Identification of a Chlamydia trachomatis Serovar E Urogenital Isolate Which Lacks the Cryptic Plasmid

Our laboratory recently recovered Chlamydia trachomatis in tissue culture from a urogenital specimen which tested negative by commercial plasmid-based PCR. Immunotyping and omp1 sequencing identified the isolate as a serovar E isolate. Further investigation by PCR and Southern hybridization indicated that this isolate lacks the chlamydial cryptic plasmid.
Volume-to-Capacity Estimation of Signalized Road Networks for Metropolitan Transportation Planning

Transportation planning plays a critical role in shaping economic health and quality of life. Transportation planning not only provides insight into the mobility of people and goods but also influences patterns of growth and economic activity. Metropolitan transportation planning is a challenging topic because of the lack of future traffic information, such as evaluations of capacity sufficiency on large metropolitan road networks with signalized intersections. The Highway Capacity Manual provides methods for the analysis of signalized intersections and urban streets for planning; however, these methods need detailed traffic volume inputs and lane configurations at signalized intersections, which are not normally available in metropolitan transportation planning. The conventional four-step planning process is widely used to forecast directional traffic volumes on road segments, but the projected volumes are not enough for the analysis of the capacity sufficiency of future road networks through existing me...
9: Impact of ischemia time on the outcomes of heart transplant

Purpose: The life extending benefit of transplant has been estimated to be substantial, an average 14.5 life-years (LY) compared to listed but not transplanted patients. Ischemia time (IT) limited the benefit of transplant but can be favorably modified by changing procurement practices or by development of new approaches to organ preservation. Methods and Materials: OPTN data as of September 11, 2006 was used. All patients listed as eligible to receive or receiving heart transplant since 2000 were studied. Post-transplant survival effects of IT were drawn from the 2005 ISHLT report. Transplant benefit was determined by differences in the multivariate adjusted survival experiences (survival curves) of transplant recipients compared to candidates near the top of the waiting list. Transplant hospitalization outcomes are as reported to OPTN. Results: A total benefit of 29,182LY was produced by the 2,016 heart transplants performed in the US 2004. We estimate this total benefit to be 2,874LY (9.8%) greater had all heart transplants been performed with one-hour of IT.Length of post-transplant hospitalization increased an average 1.4 days and inpatient death risk increased 27% for each hour increase of IT.
LocNES: A computational tool for locating classical NESs in CRM1 cargo proteins

Motivation: Classical nuclear export signals (NESs) are short cognate peptides that direct proteins out of the nucleus via the CRM1-mediated export pathway. CRM1 regulates the localization of hundreds of macromolecules involved in various cellular functions and diseases. Due to the diverse and complex nature of NESs, reliable prediction of the signal remains a challenge despite several attempts made in the last decade. Results: We present a new NES predictor, LocNES. LocNES scans query proteins for NES consensus-fitting peptides and assigns these peptides probability scores using Support Vector Machine model, whose feature set includes amino acid sequence, disorder propensity, and the rank of position-specific scoring matrix score. LocNES demonstrates both higher sensitivity and precision over existing NES prediction tools upon comparative analysis using experimentally identified NESs. Availability and implementation: LocNES is freely available at http://prodata.swmed.edu/LocNES Contact: ude.nretsewhtuostu@koohc.nimhuy Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multiple plumage traits convey information about age and within-age- class qualities of a canopy-dwelling songbird, the Cerulean Warbler

ABSTRACT Colorful plumage traits in birds may convey multiple, redundant, or unreliable messages about an individual. Plumage may reliably convey information about disparate qualities such as age, condition, and parental ability because discrete tracts of feathers may cause individuals to incur different intrinsic or extrinsic costs. Few studies have examined the information content of plumage in a species that inhabits forest canopies, a habitat with unique light environments and selective pressures. We investigated the information content of four plumage patches (blue-green crown and rump, tail white, and black breast band) in a canopy-dwelling species, the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), in relation to age, condition, provisioning, and reproduction. We found that older males displayed wider breast bands, greater tail white, and crown and rump feathers with greater blue-green (435–534 nm) chroma and hue than males in their first potential breeding season. In turn, older birds were in better condit...
Cilioexcitatory and Cilioinhibitory Processes Initiated by Light on two Identifiable Neuronal Pigments in Mytilus Edulis

Two neuronal chromoproteins (red-haemoprotein and yellow-carotenoprotein) initiate changes in ciliary activity on the gill of Mytilus. Photic, electrical and chemical stimulation of these chromoproteins correlate with fluctuations in ionic (calcium and iron) deposits in gill bulk tissue samples. Microspectrophotometric measurements of chromoprotein spectral band patterns reveal two or three absorption maxima for carotenoprotein and haemoprotein respectively. Under aerobic conditions, cilioinhibition and cilioexcitation results after activation of carotenoprotein or haemoprotein respectively. Carotenoproteins are only engaged during gradual anoxia. Immediate anoxia renders both chromoproteins inoperative. Changes in ciliary activity initiated by photic stimulation of neuronal chromoproteins are abolished by denervation of the gill. It is postulated that photoactivation and/or release of specific neurotransmitters lead to transformations in chromoproteins with subsequent neuronal regulation of gill ciliary activity.
In situ PCR discriminates between infected and uninfected human placental explants after in vitro exposure to HIV-1

Summary Reliable identification of HIV-1 infection in the human placenta has been limited by inadequate sensitivity or specificity of available techniques. In situ PCR technology has been demonstrated to reliably detect HIV-1 infection in a variety of tissues. Experience with ISPCR in placentae is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of ISPCR in detecting HIV-1 infection in placental explants exposed to free virus. Two viral strains, HIV IIIB and HIV Ba-L, were used. First and third trimester placental explants were exposed for 24 hours and then cultured in virus free media for an additional 4 days. Infectivity was assessed by detection of p24 and standard PCR. Tissue sections were also analyzed by ISPCR for infection. First and third trimester tissues exposed to HIV Ba-L were infected according to the p24 and PCR assays. Infected syncytiotrophoblast, Hofbauer cells and stromal cells were identified with ISPCR in these tissues. In contrast, neither the first nor the third trimester tissues are infected after exposure to HIV IIIB according to p24 or PCR assays. The HIV IIIB tissues were uninfected according to ISPCR analysis as well. Results of ISPCR and standard assays for infectivity correlated consistently for infected and uninfected tissues. Thus, ISPCR is a reliable tool in assessing HIV-1 infectivity of placentae. These data support the clinical observation that differences in infectivity of the conceptus is at least partially dependent upon the viral strain.
Spectral properties of pro-multimodal imaging agents derived from a NIR dye and a metal chelator

Abstract Monomolecular multimodal imaging agents (MOMIAs) are able to provide complementary diagnostic information of a target diseased tissue. We developed a convenient solid-phase approach to construct two pro-MOMIAs (before incorporating radiometal) derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and cypate, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye analogous to indocyanine green (ICG). The possible interaction between d orbitals of transition metal DOTA complexes or free metals and the p orbitals of cypate chromophore could quench the fluorescence of pro-MOMIAs. However, we did not observe significant changes in the spectral properties of cypate upon conjugation with DOTA and subsequent chelation with metals. The fluorescence intensity of the chelated and nonmetal-chelated PRO-MOMIAs remained fairly the same in dilute 20% aqueous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution (1 × 10−6 M). Significant reduction in the fluorescence intensity of pro-MOMIAs occurred in the presence of a large...
Predicting Caterpillar Parasitism in Banana Plantations

This paper links ecological theory to the biological control of insect pests in banana plantations. Through an established predictive approach, ecological data on tritrophic interactions from natural systems were used to formulate simple recommendations for biological control in banana plantations. The specific goals were (1) to determine the most effective parasitoid enemies for biological control of lepidopteran larvae in banana plantations and (2) to examine the impact of nematicides on enemy populations. To assess percent parasitism, we reared 1,121 lepidopteran larvae collected from six plantations managed under two nematicide regimens. Attack by parasitoids in the families Tachinidae (Diptera), Braconidae, Eulophidae, and Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) closely paralleled rates reported for species with similar characteristics in lowland wet forests, and statistical models predicted the relative importance of these parasitoids as sources of mortality. We found that tachinid flies were the most important source of early instar larval parasitism in banana plantations, and their importance increased with more intensive nematicide applications. The statistical models that we derived from data on natural systems were useful in predicting which parasitoids would be important in banana and which larval characteristics they would preferentially attack. This approach could be used in other managed ecosystems where the identification of effective biological control agents is needed.
The Linker Histones and Chromatin Structure: New Twists

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the properties of linker histones and their interactions with other chromatin components. The way the fibers of chromatin are folded in the eukaryotic nucleus has interested biologists and biochemists for decades. It has long been recognized that histones play a major part in this folding. The lysine-rich histones are characterized by a high lysine-to-arginine ratio, after which they are named. In each cell, the lysine-rich histones are represented by several molecular types (subfractions or isohistones), which differ in molecular mass, aminoacid composition and sequence, and physicochemical and immunochemical properties. Several lines of evidence suggest that artificial Hl/DNA complexes can be used as appropriate model systems for studying the role of histone in chromatin. The early electron-microscope observations of the salt-dependent conformational transitions of soluble chromatin fragments pointed to the importance of linker histones in the formation and maintenance of the higher order structures of chromatin. Valuable information concerning the role played by linker histones in determining chromatin fiber structure can be obtained by studying ionic strengths below 10 mM. Under these conditions, the fiber is expanded and it becomes possible to resolve individual nucleosomes by microscopic techniques and to study their disposition along the fiber.
Social Support Among Substance Using Women with Criminal Justice Involvement

Social support types (abstinence, appraisal, belonging, tangible) were analyzed among a sample of women with criminal justice involvement and substance use disorders (n = 200). Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine social support types in relation to changes in abstinence self-efficacy while controlling for incarceration histories. Only abstinence social support and tangible social support predicted significant increases in abstinence self-efficacy, with tangible support accounting for more variance in the analytic model. Findings suggest women with criminal justice involvement who have substance use disorders have basic needs that if met would have an indirect effect on their recovery. Implications for treatment and research are discussed.
A Hybridized Least-Squares Ghost Fluid Method with Reduced Numerical Oscillations in Moving Boundary Problems

A hybridized least-squares ghost fluid method is presented that increases the accuracy of the ghost fluid method while simultaneously suppressing the pressure oscillation artifact exhibited by many fixed-grid techniques for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the presence of moving boundaries. A least-squares technique is used to extrapolate ghost values, and a blending of the governing equations and interpolation is used to allow the solution near the interface to evolve smoothly in time as grid cells transition between the solid and fluid phase. The order of accuracy of the least-squares approach is demonstrated to be 2 nd -order for Poisson problems with both Dirichlet and Neumann conditions in smooth as well as irregularly shaped boundaries. The hybridization scheme is shown to maintain the order of accuracy of the GFM while significantly suppressing pressure oscillations.
Teaching Research: Beyond the Storybook Image of Positivist Science

Different assumptions about reality and knowing underpin different research methods. Contrasting a phenomenological/ interpretivist approach with the assumptions of positivism, I describe teaching about philosophical issues in master's and doctoral courses. At the master's level, exercises in observation introduce students to social constructionist concepts; at the doctoral level the framework emphasizes five levels of re-presentation of experience: attending, telling, transcribing, analyzing, and reading. Greater attention to methodological diversity and contrasting philosophical underpinnings would strengthen research education in social work.
[Pharmacodynamics of chlorothiazide (Diuril), an orally effective non-mercurial diuretic agent].

ConclusionsChlorothiazide at a daily dose of 2000 mg (500-2000 mg range) is effective as an oral diuretic agent with no demonstrable toxicity.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of volatile organic in water with purge and trap concentrator

Objective:To develop a method for determination of volatile compounds in water.Methods:The volatile compounds in water were determiner by purge and trap concentrator and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results:Under the experimental conditions established,linear relationship of 28 kinds of volatile compounds were obtained in a certain concentration range.The recovery of the method were 88.3%~114%.The relative standard deviation were 3.2%~8.5 %,and the detection limit were 0.002 μg/L~0.038 μg/L.Conclusion:The method is sensitive,accurate,simple which be analyzed in the same time.
The Cost of Kelo: Property Taxes, Public Use, and Subjective Value

This article examines the economic implications of the definition of public use advanced by the Supreme Court in the case of Kelo v. City of New London. In its ruling, the Court asserted that the Fifth Amendment public use requirement is satisfied if the taking in question, even if for private ends, promises enhanced jobs and tax revenues for the community. This article first reviews the law and economics of public use and then argues that the Court’s justification creates the potential for an alliance between local governments and developers that will increase the risk of overuse of eminent domain. Underlying this risk is the unobservability of landowners’ subjective values, which requires local governments to rely on market value as the basis for property taxation.
Thermography as an aid to the clinical lameness evaluation

Thermography has been shown to be a practical aid in the clinical evaluation of lameness. This modality specifically increases the accuracy of diagnosis. Thermography represents skin temperature, usually pictorially. The techniques involve contacting and noncontacting modalities. Noncontacting thermography, which detects infrared radiation, is the most accurate. In order to be accurate, thermography must be performed in a temperature-controlled, draft-free area. The area should be protected from sunlight to avoid erroneous heating of the skin, and the hair length should be uniform. Thermography detects heat before it is perceptible during routine physical examination; therefore, it is useful for early detection of laminitis, stress fractures, and tendinitis. It offers a noninvasive means of evaluating the blood supply to an injured part and offers one of the only reliable means to evaluate blood flow to the foot of horses with navicular syndrome. Thermography also is useful for the early identification of stress injuries to the contralateral limb of convalescing orthopedic patients. Thermography is an excellent adjunct to clinical and radiographic examination. It is complementary to other imaging techniques such as ultrasonography and scintigraphy.
Folk-healing among Mexican-American families as a consideration in the delivery of child welfare and child health care services.

If practitioners in cross-cultural services do not understand traditional health beliefs and practices and find ways to incorporate a compatible approach to them in their work, their clients and patients will go their own ways, sometimes with dire results. Practices among Mexican-American families are described. Language: en
The Gold Gulch Site: A Specialized Cochise Site Near Bowie, Arizona

ABSTRACTThe excavation of a small Cochise culture site is discussed and the lithic assemblage from it described. An attempt is made to relate this site to a general system of seasonal resource exploitation.
Lawyer self-regulation and the public interest: a reflection

Lawyers in the US1 and the UK2 justify their self-regulatory powers as serving the public interest, a claim that prominent sociologists in both countries long credulously accepted.3 But there are a...
Giving, Taking, and Matching: Leveraging the Power of Diverse Collaborative Behaviors to Build a Successful Radiology Team.

Abstract Within a radiology team, members individually lean toward being givers or takers. Radiology leadership must recognize this characteristic and leverage the strengths of givers and takers to best assist the team and to provide effective motivation. Understanding the importance of balancing these qualities within a team improves productivity and morale and reduces burnout.
Religiosity and Muslim Women’s Employment in the United States:

Does Muslim women’s religiosity deter them from paid work outside the home? I extend this question to Muslims in the United States, where the Muslim community is both ethnically and socioeconomical...
Radial Nerve Palsy following Endovascular Embolization of an Arteriovenous Malformation.

Background Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are commonly treated using endovascular techniques. Previous nerve palsies after embolization have been reported as isolated case reports, none of which affected the forearm. Case Description A case of acute, transient neuropathy of the radial nerve following embolization of a forearm AVM is described. The patient, an otherwise healthy 27-year-old man, began having symptoms of superficial radial nerve (SRN) and posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsies immediately following endovascular embolization. He underwent decompression of the radial nerve within 5 days and was found to have direct compression of the PIN and SRN. The patient recovered completely at the time of his 7-month follow-up. Literature Review Few cases of nerve palsy after endovascular embolization have been reported in the literature. Many are intracranial, but rare instances of peripheral nerve palsy have been reported, including two sciatic nerve and four digital nerve palsies after endovascular embolization. No cases of peripheral nerve palsy in the forearm have been reported. Clinical Relevance We recommend careful consideration of surrounding neural elements at risk for palsy prior to endovascular embolization and detailed discussion with the patient during the informed consent process.
Matching Microsimulation Risk Factor Correlations to Cross-sectional Data: The Shortest Distance Method.

Background. Microsimulation models often compute the distribution of a simulated cohort’s risk factors and medical outcomes over time using repeated waves of cross-sectional data. We sought to deve...
The effect of high-dose atorvastatin on neural activity and cognitive function

Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not been used to assess the effects of statins on the brain. We assessed the effect of statins on cognition using standard neuropsychological assessments and brain neural activation with fMRI on two tasks. Methods Healthy statin-naive men and women (48 ± 15 years) were randomized to 80 mg/day atorvastatin (n = 66; 27 men) or placebo (n = 84; 48 men) for 6 months. Participants completed cognitive testing while on study drug and 2 months after treatment cessation using alternative test and task versions. Results There were few changes in standard neuropsychological tests with drug treatment (all P > .56). Total and delayed recall from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised increased in both groups (P Conclusion Six months of high dose atorvastatin therapy is not associated with measurable changes in neuropsychological test scores, but did evoke transient differences in brain activation patterns. Larger, longer-term clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings and evaluate their clinical implications.
Correction to: Geometry of Warped Product CR -submanifolds in Kaehler Manifolds

We follow the notation from the original article [1]. One part of statement (4) of Theorem 5.1 in [1] is incorrect. The correct statement (4) should read as follows.
The Effects of Normalization, Transformation, and Rarefaction on Clustering of OTU Abundance

Metagenomic clustering presents a unique opportunity to associate and understand communities. Working with Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), however, often requires a strategy for handling OTUs that may be over or under represented in a given sample, which is thought of as "erroneous". PCR amplification, for example, is known to sometimes non-linearly over-represent more common species Gonzalez et al. 2012. Strategies dealing with this bias include Normalization, Rarefaction, and Log Transformation. Here, we examine how methods to handle potential outlier observations affect de novo estimation of groups using both clustering and matrix factorization methods.
An awake, minimally-invasive, fully-endoscopic surgical technique for treating lumbar radiculopathy secondary to heterotopic foraminal bone formation after a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with BMP: technical note.

One complication associated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) use in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) is heterotopic bone growth at the neural foramen which results in the compression of neural structures. Here we present an awake, minimally invasive surgical approach for treating the radiculopathy that results from this excessive bone growth in the foramen. A 42-year-old male underwent a lumbar 4–sacral 1 MIS-TLIF by another surgeon. He did well in the initial postoperative period, but he began to note right leg pain and numbness in an L5 dermatomal pattern. The pain continued for 2 years despite interventional pain management, and he began to note left foot dorsiflexion weakness. An electromyography (EMG) showed a left L5 radiculopathy and a CT Lumbar spine demonstrated excessive bone growth in the right L4–5 neural foramen. The patient underwent an awake, endoscopic foraminotomy procedure utilizing a blunt tipped manual shaver drill system. The patient’s radicular symptoms improved immediately, and he remained asymptomatic at the 1 year follow up. Heterotopic foraminal bone growth is one potential complication of rhBMP-2 use in the MIS-TLIF procedure. The endoscopic procedure described here is a minimally invasive surgical option that can be performed in an awake patient and is suggested a unique salvage or rescue procedure to be considered for the treatment of this potential rhBMP-2 complication.
How Was Judicial Power Balanced in Malta in Early Modern Times? A Cursory Look at the Maltese Legal System through a Historical Perspective

V. The Procedure 466 A. Secrecy 468 B. Torture 470 C. Appeal 471 D. Internal Mechanisms 473
Statistical Theory of ( n , γ ) and ( p , γ ) Excitation Functions

A method for the calculation of nucleon-capture cross sections and excitation functions is presented. The method is based on the statistical compound-nucleus model. The method is applied to the calculation of the excitation function for the reactions ${\mathrm{In}}^{127}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{In}}^{128}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{209}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$. The result of the analysis of this paper indicates that the compound-nucleus mechanism is responsible for a considerably larger part of the cross section than previously believed.
Silicon Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Capabilities and Trends

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the capabilities and trends of silicon molecular beam epitaxy (Si MBE). Si MBE is a maturing technology that is capable of growing high-quality layers at low temperature. The category Si MBE includes the growth of all the silicon-based compounds, such as silicon–germanium (Si-Ge) alloys, and silicides, such as nickel disilicide (NiSi2) and cobalt disilicide, on silicon (CoSi2). It also includes the growth of other materials, such as calcium fluoride(CaF2), on Si substrates. The chapter describes the principles of silicon and germanium growth by MBE, that is, the growth system design, capabilities for n- and p-type doping, and recent device applications. An epitaxial growth of silicon and related materials can be achieved by impinging atomic, molecular, or ionized beams onto a moderately heated typically between 550 and 850°C silicon substrate. MBE involves the evaporation of the pure elemental material onto the substrate surface. An established technique, that is, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) uses Si- or Ge-based molecular species that decompose on the surface before being incorporated. The growth of high-quality layers by MBE at low temperature demands an impurity-free environment. Thus, ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) techniques that correspond to base pressures of about 6 × 10-9 Pa are used to ensure that contamination will not impede the crystal growth. The UHV conditions limit Si MBE to single-wafer throughput. The main advantages of Si MBE are based on its tremendous flexibility. It is an excellent tool for the investigation of novel electronic devices. Discrete IMPact ionization avalanche transit-time (IMPATT) diodes have already been produced by Si MBE and are available on the microelectronics market.
Precision Medicine: Disruptive Technology in the Modern Hospital

Precision medicine is coming. The application of genomic technologies to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is becoming a reality for virtually every field of medicine. The promise is better outcomes for patients at ultimately lower costs for the payers. The technology is disruptive, so the challenge for doctors and other healthcare providers is to learn how to best use precision medicine. Payers have to develop policies for reimbursement, and hospitals must provide the infrastructure for the best use of the genomic technologies and related informatics.
A Comparative Analysis of Large-scale Network Visualization Tools

Network (Graph) is a powerful abstraction for representing underlying relations and structures in large complex systems. Network visualization provides a convenient way to explore and study such structures and reveal useful insights. There exist several network visualization tools; however, these vary in terms of scalability, analytics feature, and user-friendliness. Due to the huge growth of social, biological, and other scientific data, the corresponding network data is also large. Visualizing such large network poses another level of difficulty. In this paper, we identify several popular network visualization tools and provide a comparative analysis based on the features and operations these tools support. We demonstrate empirically how those tools scale to large networks. We also provide several case studies of visual analytics on large network data and assess performances of the tools. We show both runtime and memory efficiency of the tools while using layout algorithms and other network analysis methods.
Abstract 462: High Speed Imaging of Single Cardiomyocyte Action Potentials Using a Far-red Genetically Encoded Voltage Sensor

The ability to image cardiac membrane potentials allows for the observation of cellular communication and electrical activity, both of which are important to maintain cardiac syncytium; these can b...