cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making Meaning out of Negative Experiences by Self-Distancing

Both common wisdom and findings from multiple areas of research suggest that it is helpful to understand and make meaning out of negative experiences. However, people’s attempts to do so often backfire, leading them to ruminate and feel worse. Here we attempt to shed light on these seemingly contradictory sets of findings by examining the role that self-distancing plays in facilitating adaptive self-reflection. We begin by briefly describing the “self-reflection paradox.” We then define self-distancing, present evidence from multiple levels of analysis that illustrate how this process facilitates adaptive self-reflection, and discuss the basic science and practical implications of this research.
Police criminal charging decisions: An examination of post-arrest decision-making

ARTICLE I NFO Scholars have encouraged studies of police decision-making to move beyond the arrest decision into research that broadens the understanding of police behavior. The criminal charge placed by officers against offenders is largely an untouched area of study. Examining criminal charging decisions goes beyond simple dichotomous decisions, such as arrest, but instead explores the area of police leniency or punitiveness. Randomly constructed vignettes describing a domestic violence incident were given to officers from four agencies. Officers indicated the criminal charges they would likely list against an offender if they were to make an arrest. Serious criminal charges were often supported by additional, but less serious, charges. Victim injury and an uncooperative offender were related to the decision to charge a misdemeanor offense. There was a significant negative relationship between the number of charges listed and more experienced officers and officers working in smaller agencies. The implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
Functional analysis of a novel estrogen receptor-beta isoform.

A new level of complexity has recently been added to estrogen signaling with the identification of a second estrogen receptor, ERb. By screening a rat prostate cDNA library, we detected ERb as well as a novel isoform that we termed ERb2. ERb2 contains an in-frame inserted exon of 54 nucleotides that results in the predicted insertion of 18 amino acids within the ERb hormone-binding domain. We also have evidence for the expression of both ERb1 and ERb2 in human cell lines. Competition ligand binding analysis of bacterially expressed fusion proteins revealed an 8-fold lower affinity of ERb2 for 17b-estradiol (E2) [dissociation constant (Kd ; 8 nM)] as compared with ERb 1( K d ; 1n M). In vitro transcribed and translated ERb1 and ERb2 bind specifically to a consensus estrogen responsive element in a gel mobility shift assay. Furthermore, we show heterodimerization of ERb1 and ERb2 with each other as well as with ERa. In affinity interaction assays for proteins that associate specifically with the hormone-binding domain of these receptors, we demonstrate that the steroid receptor coactivator SRC-1 interacts in an estrogen-dependent manner with ERa and ERb1, but not with ERb2. In cotransfection experiments with expression plasmids for ERa ,E R b1, and ERb2 and an estrogen-responsive element-containing luciferase reporter, the dose response of ERb 1t o E 2 was similar to that of ERa although the maximal stimulation was approximately 50%. In contrast, ERb2 required 100- to 1000-fold greater E2 concentrations for maximal activation. Thus, ERb2 adds yet another facet to the possible cellular responses to estrogen. (Molecular Endocrinology 13: 129‐137, 1999)
Study of Heat Transfer Correlations for Supercritical Hydrogen in Regenerative Cooling Channels

Understanding the cooling efficiency of supercritical hydrogen is crucial to the development of high-pressure thrust chambers forregeneratively cooledliquid-oxygen/liquid-hydrogen rocket engines. Available Nusselt number correlations are compared with an extensive data set of local heat transfer coefficients to determine the domains of validity for each correlation. The data set was compiled from previous heated straight-tube experiments with supercritical hydrogen. Results indicate that particular correlations perform better than others for certain regimes of fluid properties, with the accuracy of heat transfer coefficient predictions ranging from 23 to over 100%. Correlation uncertainty due to inherent uncertainties in the equation-of-state and transport properties of supercriticalhydrogenisalsoevaluated.Thepropertydependentuncertaintywasfoundtorangefrom2to10%,and therefore is not the main contributor to the larger errors in the correlation predictions. A number of published correlations for nonhydrogen supercritical fluids are shown to achieve comparable performance with hydrogen.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit the expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene in primary rat hepatocytes by a nuclear posttranscriptional mechanism

Expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydro- genase (G6PD) gene is inhibited by the addition of polyun- saturated fatty acids to the medium of primary hepatocytes in culture. To define the regulated step, we measured the abundance of G6PD mRNA both in the nucleus and in total RNA and measured the transcriptional activity of the G6PD gene. Insulin and glucose stimulated a 5- to 7-fold increase in G6PD mRNA in rat hepatocytes. This increase was atten- uated by 60% due to the addition of arachidonic acid. These changes in mRNA accumulation occurred in the ab- sence of changes in the rate of transcription. Amounts of precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) for G6PD in the nucleus changed in parallel with the amount of mature mRNA. The decrease in G6PD pre-mRNA accumulation caused by arachidonic acid was also observed with other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids but not with monounsaturated fatty acids. In addition, this decrease was not due to a gen- eralized toxicity of the cells due to fatty acid oxidation. These changes in G6PD expression in the primary hepato- cytes are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the changes observed in the intact animal due to dietary carbo- hydrate and polyunsaturated fat. Regulation of G6PD ex- pression by a nuclear posttranscriptional mechanism repre- sents a novel form of regulation by fatty acids.— Stabile, L. P., S. A. Klautky, S. M. Minor, and L. M. Salati. Polyunsat- urated fatty acids inhibit the expression of the glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase gene in primary rat hepatocytes by a nuclear posttranscriptional mechanism. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 1951-1963.
Small angle X-ray scattering data and structure factor fitting for the study of the quaternary structure of the spermidine N-acetyltransferase SpeG.

Here we describe the treatment of the small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) data used during SpeG quaternary structure study as part of the research article “Substrate induced allosteric change in the quaternary structure of the spermidine N-acetyltransferase SpeG” published in Journal of Molecular Biology [1]. These data were collected on two separate area detectors as separate dilution series of the SpeG and the SpeG with spermine samples along with data from their companion buffers. The data were radially integrated, corrected for incident beam variation, and scaled to absolute units. After subtraction of volume-fraction scaled buffer scattering and division by the SpeG concentration, multiple scattering curves free of an inter-molecular structure factor were derived from the dilution series. Rather than extrapolating to infinite dilution, the structure factor contribution was estimated by fitting to the full set of data provided by dividing the scattering curves of a dilution series by the curve from the most dilute sample in that series.
Is neoadjuvant (neoadj) treatment necessary prior to liver resection in patients with resectable liver metastases (mets) from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) treated with post-resection hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) plus systemic (SYS) chemotherapy

14503 Background: Neoadjuvant therapy in patients (pts) with resectable liver mets has been reported to be associated with improved survival. We evaluated the clinical benefit of neoadj therapy in ...
PARTIAL CAPTURE RATES OF MUON BY $sup 16$O LEADING TO EXCITED NUCLEAR STATES OF $sup 15$N.

Partial interaction rates have been measured for the muon capture reaction ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+^{16}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{15}N^{*}+n+\ensuremath{\nu}$ leading to the excited states at 6.323 MeV (${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$), 5.270 MeV (${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$), and 5.299 MeV (${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{+}$). The total observed transition rate to excited states of $^{15}\mathrm{N}$ is in good agreement with predictions attending recent calculations of the total capture rate. The distribution of the excitation among the three levels is very similar to that observed from the photoproton and photoneutron reactions on $^{16}\mathrm{O}$.
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES ON THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF COFFEE UPON THE RISK OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: PROBLEMS IN THE SELECTION OF A HOSPITAL CONTROL SERIES

In the course of evaluating the acute effect of caffeine-containing coffee on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among women 30-49 years of age, this study noted appreciable differences in coffee consumption among hospital patients admitted for illnesses not known to be related to coffee use. Among these potential controls, the coffee consumption of patients who had been compelled to hospital by conditions having an acute onset, such as fractures ("acute condition controls") was compared with that of patients admitted for chronic disorders ("chronic condition controls"). The proportion of drinkers of caffeine-containing coffee among 980 acute condition controls (65%) was significantly greater than that among 5835 chronic condition controls (58%) (p less than 0.01); by contrast, the proportion of drinkers of decaffeinated coffee was significantly greater among chronic condition controls (22%) than among acute condition controls (18%) (p less than 0.01). With regard to caffeine-containing coffee, other findings were that the frequency of drinking decreased with increasing contact with medical care in the year before admission; that patients who changed their consumption after discharge tended to give up coffee; and that the proportion of drinkers was greater among women in the community than among the hospital patients. These results suggest that relatively long-standing illness influences against drinking caffeine-containing coffee among women 30-49 years of age. They also suggest that there is an opportunity for overestimation of the relative risk of MI among coffee drinkers in hospital-based studies that use chronic condition controls.
Maste und Türme aus hochfestem Beton

Vertikalrisse beeinflussen erheblich das Verhalten der turmartigen Bauwerke. Dies geschieht bei masigen Rissbreiten durch Regenwassereindrang und ggf. Stahlkorrosion und bei breiten Trennrissen durch gefahrliche Aufspaltung des Ringquerschnitts. Aus diesem Grund kommt der sicheren und wirtschaftlichen Dimensionierung der Horizontalbewehrung fur Maste und Turme aus Stahlbeton eine besondere Bedeutung zu, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Wettbewerbssituation mit der optionalen Stahlbauweise. Diesen Bedarf befriedigt nicht die derzeitige Normung, in der keine Angaben zu Temperatur- bzw. Feuchteeinwirkungen und keine Berechnungsverfahren fur die daraus resultierende Zwangbeanspruchung zu finden sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet wirklichkeitsnahe Ansatze zur Erfassung der Einwirkungen und zur Ermittlung der Rissanzahl und Rissbreite an. Dabei wird ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Unterschiede im Verhalten kleiner Schleuderbetonmaste und groser Ortbetonturme gelegt. Abschliesend wird die erforderliche Horizontalbewehrung fur verschiedene Mast- und Turmquerschnitte ermittelt und mit den Normvorgaben verglichen. Masts and towers of high strength concrete Vertical cracks in windshields affect the structural behavior of tower-like structures in two ways: in the long term for small crack widths by water intrusion and reinforcement corrosion, and acutely for wide apertures by splitting the ring cross-section. For this reason, the safe as well as economic dimensioning of the horizontal reinforcement for masts and towers of reinforced concrete is of particular importance – especially in competition with the steel grid construction. However, the current standardization does not meet these requirements: There are no specifications for the size of the exposure temperature and moisture difference, and no guidelines for the computational procedure of the resulting constraining forces. Therefore, the following article explains the impact on the cylindrical structures and their reaction with respect to the number of cracks and the crack width by comparing the horizontal load-bearing behavior of small masts made of spun concrete and big towers made of in-situ concrete. Finally, the necessary horizontal reinforcement is determined for various mast and tower sections and compared with the standard specifications.
A comparison of the Unitest system with three other methods for determining blood glucose.

The Unitest system was compared with three methods in common use for serum glucose determination: the SMA-12/30, the singlechannel AutoAnalyzer, and the manual Somogyi-Nelson method. Correlation with all three was acceptable, but it was best with the manual Somogyi-Nelson method. Recovery studies using the Unitest system gave acceptable results. It is concluded that the Unitest system for serum glucose determination is acceptable.
Vehicles of Logics: The Role of Policy Documents and Instructional Materials in Reform.

To understand the complexities of education policy implementation, it is necessary to consider how artifacts associated with reform are imbued with ideas, meanings, and values. This empirical paper draws on neo-institutional theory to reveal how artifacts carried particular logics (D’Adderio in J Inst Econ 7(2):197–230, 2011; Feldman and Pentland in Adm Sci Q 48:94–118, 2003; Pentland & Feldman in Ind Corporate Change 14(5):793–815, 2005; in: Scott, Institutions and organizations, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, 2001). This paper argues that two types of artifacts, policy documents, and instructional materials, carried logics of reading instruction, thereby playing a role in the implementation of this reform. This paper draws on qualitative data collected over a 13-month period in order to advance our understanding of the relationship between institutional logics, policy, and practice. The findings from this paper have implications for district and school reform, as well as for policymakers and non-system actors.
Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) for adsorption of organic compounds by carbon nanotubes.

The objective of this paper was to create a comprehensive database for the adsorption of organic compounds by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to use the Linear Solvation Energy Relationship (LSER) technique for developing predictive adsorption models of organic compounds (OCs) by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Adsorption data for 123 OCs by MWCNTs and 48 OCs by SWCNTs were compiled from the literature, including some experimental results obtained in our laboratory. The roles of selected OCs properties and CNT types were examined with LSER models. The results showed that the r(2) values of the LSER models displayed small variability for aromatic compounds smaller than 220 g/mol, after which a decreasing trend was observed. The data available for aliphatics was mainly for molecular weights smaller than 250 g/mol, which showed a similar trend to that of aromatics. The r(2) values for the LSER model on the adsorption of aromatic and aliphatic OCs by SWCNTs and MWCNTs were relatively similar indicating the linearity of LSER models did not depend on the CNT types. Among all LSER model descriptors, V term (molecular volume) for aromatic OCs and B term (basicity) for aliphatic OCs were the most predominant descriptors on both type of CNTs. The presence of R term (excess molar refractivity) in LSER model equations resulted in decreases for both V and P (polarizability) parameters without affecting the r(2) values. Overall, the results demonstrate that successful predictive models can be developed for the adsorption of OCs by MWCNTs and SWCNTs with LSER techniques.
Shoot culture dynamics of six Populus clones

Shoot tips of five genotypically diverse Populus clones, P. alba x P. grandidentata 'Crandon,' P. nigra 'Betulifolia' x P. trichocarpa, P. nigra x P. laurifolia 'Strathglass,' P. maximowiczii x P. trichocarpa 'Androscoggin' and P. deltoides x P. nigra 'Eugenei,' were collected from hardwood cuttings, sterilized,and established in vitro. Stable shoot cultures were obtained from all clones except P. deltoides x P. nigra 'Eugenei'. The four poplar clones that formed stable shoot cultures together with a previously established P. tremula 'Erecta' clone were placed as two-node explants on either Murashige and Skoog medium or Woody Plant Medium containing benzyladenine to determine the rate of shoot multiplication, shoot growth and other responses of the clones. All five poplar clones showed rapid shoot multiplication when cultured in the presence of 0.4-1.0 microM benzyladenine on Murashige and Skoog medium, although P. tremula 'Erecta' produced a greater number of healthy shoots when grown on Woody Plant Medium. Individual shoot growth of all clones was more vigorous when the medium contained 0-0.1 microM benzyladenine, and 100% of such shoots rooted ex vitro.
Arthropod parasites of the common grackle in Ohio.

Prior to this study, no intensive investigations had been undertaken to determine the arthropod parasites of the Common Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula versicolor . Records of the arthropod fauna of this host are limited to surveys of bird ectoparasites covering a number of host species. These include Bishop & Trembley (1945, J. Parasitol. 37 : 1–54), Davies (1958, J. Parasitol. 44 : 239–40), Geist (1931, Ohio J. Sci. 31 : 505–09), Kellogg (1896, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6 : 3–138, 431–568), Kirmse (1966, Bull. Wildl. Dis. Assoc. 2 : 86–99), Malcomson (1960, Wilson Bull. 72 : 182–97) and Peters (1933, Bird-Banding 4 : 68–75; 1936, Bird-Banding 7 : 9–27). Pence (1973, J. Parasitol. 59 : 881–92) has conducted extensive surveys for nasal mites, including those of the Common Grackle.
The influence of rice rats Oryzomys palustris on the habitat use of the seaside sparrow Ammospiza maritima

The influence of rodent activity on the distribution of the seaside sparrow Ammospiza maritima was investigated. 1. Seaside sparrows nest in Juncus less frequently than in shorter, sparser vegetation (Distichlis and Salicornia), where nests are more often subjected to flooding and predation by fish crows. 2. The activity spaces of seaside sparrows and rice rats Oryzomys palustris overlap, and the two species use similar nesting sites, but rice rats nest more frequently in Juncus. Information from the predation of natural and artificial bird nests demonstrates that rice rats attack more bird nests in Juncus than in other vegetation types. 3. It is concluded that the activity of rice rats influences the habitat distribution of seaside sparrows and that the two species compete for nesting sites
Photokeratitis from subablative 193-nanometer excimer laser radiation.

BACKGROUND Photokeratitis is a side effect of UV light exposure whereby the corneal epithelium is photochemically injured in a time delayed fashion. UV light exposure in the far ultraviolet wavelength range has not previously been observed. This study addresses the concern of photokeratitis from subablative 193-nanometer excimer laser light. METHODS Dutch belted rabbit corneas were irradiated with subablative 193-nanometer excimer laser light over a wide range of total energy exposures, and examined by slit lamp biomicroscope for signs of photokeratitis. Photokeratitis was identified by epithelial haze and stippling, and rose bengal and fluorescein staining at varied time intervals between 1/2 to 26 hours post exposure. RESULTS At threshold energy exposures of 1.0 to 1.5 J/cm2, an immediate superficial epithelial haze was seen which disappeared within several hours. At higher energy exposures of 10 J/cm2, a delayed photokeratitis with deep rose bengal and even fluorescein staining was seen. This latter delayed photokeratitis resembles that of longer UV wavelengths and is due to excimer laser fluorescence, whereas the former is a direct response of the 193-nanometer light. The percentage of excimer laser light undergoing fluorescence is calculated as less than 1%. CONCLUSIONS The potential side effects and hazards of scattered 193-nanometer radiation during excimer laser surgery are extremely limited because of the shorter penetration depth of direct excimer radiation and the minimal fluorescent emission of longer UV wavelengths for energy exposures within the realm of clinical use.
Transurethral Sphincterotomy: Relationship of Site of Incision to Postoperative Potency and Delayed Hemorrhage

AbstractA series of 33 cases of transurethral sphincterotomy is reviewed, comparing the incidence of postoperative complications between incisions at the 3 and 9 o’clock and those at the 1 and 11 o’clock positions. Postoperative impotence and delayed hemorrhage were more frequently encountered following incisions at the 3 and 9 o’clock positions. It is recommended that patients be warned of the possibility of loss of erections following sphincterotomy and that the 1 and 11 o’clock positions be adopted routinely for this procedure.
The nature and treatment of phonological text agraphia.

ABSTRACTPhonological alexia and agraphia are written language disorders characterised by disproportionate difficulty reading and spelling nonwords in comparison to real words. In phonological alexia, it has been shown that, despite relatively accurate reading of words in isolation, text-level reading deficits are often marked and persistent. Specifically, some individuals demonstrate difficulty reading functors and affixes in sentences, a profile referred to as phonological text alexia. In this paper, we demonstrate an analogous manifestation of the phonological impairment on text-level writing and suggest the term “phonological text agraphia”. We examined four individuals with phonological alexia/agraphia who also showed disproportionate difficulty writing well-formed sentences in comparison to their grammatical competence in spoken utterances. Implementation of a phonological treatment protocol resulted in significantly improved sublexical phonology skills as well as improvements in grammatical accuracy...
Introduction: Keeping Secrets

It has become a commonplace to say that September 11 changed everything. What the writer or speaker usually means by this is that Americans have re-calibrated their views on the relative importance of individual civil liberties and the common good. Like many other national traumas, September 11 may in historical hindsight be seen as a jolt that perhaps necessarily-but at any rate, temporarily-induced a retrenchment on rights.But if the September-11-changed-everything idea overstates the significance of the event, it also understates the extent to which, at least in the area of privacy, some re-calibration of the balance between liberty and order had already begun quietly to take place. This symposium issue of the Minnesota Law Review is dedicated to examining the degree to which that shift had begun, the costs and benefits of the new legal rules affecting privacy, and the advisability of further changes. The symposium focuses on three areas: financial data, the Fourth Amendment, and medical data.Not one author in these pages takes up the cause of either total government surveillance, on the one hand, or complete individual privacy, on the other. But, as readers will learn, eschewing those extremes leaves a lot of room for disagreement.
Being and Encountering: Movement and Aggression in Winnicott

Elkins’ paper takes up two tasks. The first, which will occupy the greater portion of the space, is to identify and elaborate a central motif within Winnicott’s work concerning the centrality of movement (or motility) in the development and organization of the self. Particular attention will be given to the aggressive character of motility and the role of aggression-motility in structuring the relationship between the individual and the world. The second task of the paper is to point to the vital importance of these ideas for the political question of the organization of social life.
Hepatic Surgery in Patients with Cirrhosis: Mitigating Risk

Patients with cirrhosis are at particularly high risk for hepatic malignancies and other operative conditions; however, they are at commensurately high risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Understanding these patients’ anatomical and physiological differences and their inherent limitations is the key to establishing a safe plan of care for them. In properly selected patients, hepatic resection even in the setting of cirrhosis can yield favorable postoperative and oncological outcomes. This chapter will discuss indications for surgical intervention, risk stratification and modification, alterations in surgical technique that can be helpful in cirrhotic patients as well as alternatives to operative therapy that should be employed in certain instances, and finally will discuss postoperative care and outcomes.
Using Air Quality Model-Data Fusion Methods for Developing Air Pollutant Exposure Fields and Comparison with Satellite AOD-Derived Fields: Application over North Carolina, USA

A data fusion approach is developed to blend ground-based observations and simulated data from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Spatiotemporal information and finer temporal scale variations have been captured by the resulting fields that are provided by both air quality modeling and observations. The approach is applied to daily PM2.5 total mass, five major particulate species (OC, EC, SO4 2−, NO3 −, and NH4 +), and three gaseous pollutants (CO, NOx, NO2) during 2006–2008 over North Carolina (USA). Applying the data fusion method significantly reduces biases in CMAQ fields to almost zero at monitor locations. The results show improvements in capturing spatial and temporal variability with observations, which is important to health and planning studies. The correlation for the cross-validation test decreased from 0.98 (no withholding) to 0.91 (10% random data withholding) when comparing modeled results to observations. If 10% monitor-based withholding is used, the correlation is 0.91 (random 10% of monitors withheld), and the correlation is 0.88 if spatially-specific withholding is used (10% of monitors withheld are grouped spatially). Results from a satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) method were compared with PM2.5 total mass concentration from data fusion, and the data-fusion fields have slightly less overall error; an R2 of 0.95 compared to 0.81 (AOD). Comparing results from an application of the Integrated Mobile Source Indicator method shows that the data fusion fields can be used to estimate mobile source impacts. Overall, the data fusion approach is attractive for providing spatiotemporal pollutant fields for speciated particulate pollutants, as the demand for accurate, fused, air quality model fields is growing.
From Thermodynamics to Electromagnetism

In this chapter begins by examining the ambiguous position of Hegel’s account of thermodynamics, and then turns to address electromagnetism, as manifest in polar charge, electricity, magnetism, and crystal formation. Physical shape is then examined in relation to physical processes. First the relation of light to shape is examined in respect to transparency, refraction, and color, drawing upon Hegel’s accounts. Then, odor and taste are considered in relation to physical shape, again drawing upon Hegel’s insights.
Examining a Dual-Process Model of Desensitization and Hypersensitization to Community Violence in African American Male Adolescents

The purpose of the current study was to examine a dual-process model of reactivity to community violence exposure in African American male adolescents from urban communities. The model focused on desensitization and hypersensitization effects as well as desensitization and hypersensitization as predictors of aggressive behavior. Participants were 133 African American male high school students, mean age = 15.17 years, SD = 0.96. Participants completed measures of exposure to community violence, depressive symptoms, hyperarousal symptoms, aggressive beliefs, and aggressive behaviors at two time points. Community violence exposure predicted changes in aggression, β = .25, p = .004, and physiological arousal, β = .22, p = .010, over time, but not aggressive beliefs. The curvilinear association between community violence exposure and changes in depression over time was not significant, β = .42, p = .083, but there was a significant linear association between the exposure to community violence (ECV) and changes in levels of depression over time, β = .21, p = .014. Results indicated a significant mediation effect for hyperarousal on the association between community violence exposure and aggressive behavior, B = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.54]. Results showed support for physiological hypersensitization, with hypersensitization increasing the risk for aggressive behavior.
Regulation of Polyamine Metabolism by Curcumin for Cancer Prevention and Therapy

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the natural polyphenol responsible for the characteristic yellow pigment of the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), is traditionally known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Capable of affecting the initiation, promotion, and progression of carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms, curcumin has potential utility for both chemoprevention and chemotherapy. In human cancer cell lines, curcumin has been shown to decrease ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis that is frequently upregulated in cancer and other rapidly proliferating tissues. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pretreatment with curcumin can abrogate carcinogen-induced ODC activity and tumor development in rodent tumorigenesis models targeting various organs. This review summarizes the results of curcumin exposure with regard to the modulation of polyamine metabolism and discusses the potential utility of this natural compound in conjunction with the exploitation of dysregulated polyamine metabolism in chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic settings.
Metallic state in bosonic systems with continuously degenerate dispersion minima

In systems above one dimension, continuously degenerate minima of the single-particle dispersion are realized due to one or a combination of system parameters such as lattice structure, isotropic spin-orbit coupling, and interactions. A unit codimension of the dispersion minima leads to a divergent density of states which enhances the effects of interactions, and may lead to novel states of matter as exemplified by Luttinger liquids in one-dimensional bosonic systems. Here we show that in dilute, homogeneous bosonic systems above one dimension, weak, spin-independent, interparticle interactions stabilize a metallic state at zero temperature in the presence of a curved manifold of dispersion minima. In this metallic phase, the system possesses a quasi-long-range order with nonuniversal scaling exponents. At a fixed positive curvature of the manifold, increasing either the dilution or the interaction strength destabilizes the metallic state toward charge density wave states that break one or more symmetries. The magnitude of the wave vector of the dominant charge density wave state is controlled by the product of the mean density of bosons and the curvature of the manifold. We obtain the zero-temperature phase diagram, and identify the phase boundary.
World War One, American Literature, and the Federal State

In this book, Mark Whalan argues that World War One's major impact on US culture was not the experience of combat trauma, but rather the effects of the expanded federal state bequeathed by US mobilization. Writers bristled at the state's new intrusions and coercions, but were also intrigued by its creation of new social ties and political identities. This excitement informed early American modernism, whose literary experiments often engaged the political innovations of the Progressive state at war. Writers such as Wallace Stevens, John Dos Passos, Willa Cather, Zane Grey, and Edith Wharton were fascinated by wartime discussions over the nature of US citizenship, and also crafted new forms of writing that could represent a state now so complex it seemed to defy representation at all. And many looked to ordinary activities transformed by the war - such as sending mail, receiving healthcare, or driving a car - to explore the state's everyday presence in American lives.
Exploring Models of Secondary Geometry Achievement

Thompson and Senk (ZDM Math Educ 46:781–795, 2014) described variations in the curriculum enactment of 12 secondary school teachers using the same geometry textbook. In this paper, the researchers investigated factors that might account for the achievement of the 544 students enrolled in the 25 geometry classes these teachers taught. Multilevel regression analyses showed that the students’ prior achievement, teachers’ reports on their use of questions applying the mathematics studied, and students’ opportunity to learn the content of the posttest have significant positive effects on the geometry posttest achievement. The percent of lessons taught, writing emphasis, and frequency of use of activities with concrete materials had negative effects on the posttest achievement. The researchers’ final model accounted for about 95% of the variance. School size or type, instructional time, teacher’s certification and experience, and other aspects of curriculum enactment were not significant. Other factors and more reliable ways to measure and combine those factors in determining curriculum enactment may lead to developing more precise models of students’ achievement.
About the Existence of Common Internal Causes of Recent Latin American Currency Crises

While the currency crises in Asia seem to have been one-of events, Latin America experiences recurring currency crisis. In this paper, we analyse whether common internal factors existed, that contributed to the build-up of the currency crisis. For our sample, we chose the three most recent Latin American currency crisis in Mexico 1994/95, Brazil 1998/99 and Argentina 2001/02. Each one of these three countries adopted a stabilization program with an exchange rate anchor as the central element among other liberal reforms in order to combat inflation. In a quantitative analysis for these stabilization periods, we work us step-by-step along the causalities chains that were started by the reforms. Our main findings include that to a considerable extent, the stabilization programs caused similar reactions in the three economies. Among these were a substantially overvalued currency, which implied considerable current account deficits and an elevation of the debt stock. In Brazil, increasing debt was less driven by the overvalued currency and more by fiscal indiscipline, while Mexican agents in 1994 faced a debt roll-over problem. Argentina suffered from its rigidities in the real sector, particularly the labor market, that did not allow adjustment, when imbalances increasingly built up over time. We conclude that the risk for crisis can be considerably dampened by prudent domestic policy making. However, the solidity of internal determinants alone will not be able to rule out turbulence.
Freud and feminine subjectivity.

I have delineated a factor, subjectivity, to account for the difficulty in the psychoanalytic understanding of feminine sexuality, particularly the nature of feminine sexual pleasure. This factor has been unappreciated hitherto by psychoanalysts. Subjectivity is a notion that refers to the capacity of a person to posit him- or herself as an independent agent who determines or controls his or her own thoughts and actions. The construct feminine sexual pleasure, and by extension feminine subjectivity, was difficult for Freud and others to posit because of the implicit association among several mental phenomena. Subject, active, and libido (i.e., the source of active sexual pleasure) were, and to some extent still are, considered masculine attributes; whereas object, passive, and, by implication, the absence of an independent actively desirous state were considered feminine attributes. Freud's difficulty in accepting aggression in the mental life of women interfered with his gaining an implicit understanding of feminine subjectivity.
Lead-free KNN-based piezoelectric materials

Lead-free piezoelectric materials have recently been given vast attention due to environmental issues and the toxicity of their lead-based counterparts. One of the potential lead-free candidates is the xKNbO3–(1−x)NaNbO3 binary system. The K0.5N0.5NbO3 composition in particular exhibits relatively high Curie temperature and the highest electromechaical and ferroelectric response among the possible K x Na1−x NbO3 compositions. The present chapter covers some fundamental issues regarding the crystal chemistry, material processing, and dielectric and ferroelectric behavior of KNN-based piezoelectrics. The topics discussed in this context fall into four categories: KNN-based polycrystalline ceramics, textured ceramics, single crystals, and thin films. The recent research activities concerning the most promising compositions, processing techniques, and some of the challenges encountered in obtaining high performance Pb-free piezoelectric materials have been reviewed for each category.
Wherein Our Duty Lies

In a speech delivered on May 21, 2018 to the Association fro Mid-Career Tax Law Professors, Johnson praises William Andrews as the best of his generation, calls upon tax academics to solve the most important problems of the tax field, calls on student law reviews to ask for expert reviews, and calls on defending the tax base, for instance, via the Shelf Project.
Transorbital Approach for Improved Access in the Management of Paranasal Sinus Mucoceles.

Introduction Paranasal sinus mucoceles result from obstruction of mucous glands resulting in a cystic fluid collection that expands and encroaches upon surrounding structures. Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization has largely replaced open resection. However, mucoceles located in the orbital region or the lateral frontal sinus continue to be difficult to approach via the transnasal approach alone and often require additional approaches, such as the frontal trephine. This study sought to investigate the feasibility of the transorbital technique as an adjunct to traditional transnasal approaches in the management of paranasal sinus mucoceles. Methods A retrospective case series of paranasal sinus mucoceles approached with a transorbital technique from a tertiary care center. Results From 2008 to 2016, 17 patients were treated with a transorbital approach for 20 mucoceles. Of note, 24% of the patients in our series had undergone previous surgical management of the mucocele (nontransorbital approach), representing revision cases. Most mucoceles involved the frontal sinus (82%). The total complication rate was 6%. We observed no new or worsened diplopia, ptosis, or permanent visual loss. Recurrence rate was 6%. Conclusions The endoscopic transorbital approach is a feasible complement to transnasal approaches for treatment of mucoceles located in technically challenging locations. We have demonstrated that transorbital approaches can be performed with no resultant orbital damage, visual change, ptosis, or permanent diplopia. While most patients can be treated with a standard transnasal approach, the transorbital approach can be used as part of a multiportal strategy for those with difficult to access mucoceles. Future prospective studies are needed to further characterize patient selection and outcomes.
Single-dose replicon particle vaccine provides complete protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in mice.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging tick-borne virus from the family Nairoviridae that frequently causes lethal disease in humans. CCHFV has a wide geographic distribution,...
The Effect of Stepfathers on Self-Perception and Familial Support

The National Survey on American Life – Adolescent Supplemental data was designed to lay the foundation for future research in early identification of mental disorders for adults. The inclusion of social conditions adds to this detailed measure of mental health and provides a wealth of information that can be observed about mental well-being in adolescents. In particular, we used this data set to explore the interplay between self-perception and family relationships based on the absence of a biological father among African-American and Caribbean adolescents. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the difference between the perceived self and familial factors for those with a stepfather and those without a stepfather. As evident in the findings, those with a stepfather reported to have higher self-esteem, a more positive perception of self, and a more uplifting family model compared to those without a stepfather. These findings were detected by noting the significance values for a one-way ANOVA and observing the mean differences among the selected variables. Some discrepancy did exist, however; self-esteem with regards to education was reported to be lower for adolescents with a stepfather than without. This could be attributed to an overachievement mentality by those from single parent homes, alluding to the idea that adolescents without stepfathers possess intrinsic motivation and have the drive to attain a higher education. The data showed the presence of a father figure enhances self-perception and familial support, but not academic motivation.
The Learning Environment in Surgery Clerkship: What are Faculty Perceptions?

Objective Multiple efforts have sought to improve teaching effectiveness and the learning environment (LE), but prior research has not focused on attending physicians’ perceptions of mistreatment or contribution to the LE. The purpose of this study was to assess the perception and role of surgical faculty in the medical student LE. Design A semistructured interview guide was developed using a comprehensive approach including extensive literature search and focus groups. Data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to identify emergent themes. Setting Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, an academic tertiary care facility located in Boston, Massachusetts. Participants Fifteen faculty in the Department of Surgery underwent detailed interviews. Participants were selected using purposive-stratified criterion-based sampling. Results Multiple themes emerged: (1) The competing demands on medical student's time are a negative factor in the LE; (2) Faculty expectations conflict with the existing curriculum; (3) Faculty are concerned with the possibility of being reported for providing negative feedback; (4) Faculty remain unfamiliar with policies regarding the LE/mistreatment; (5) A motivated medical student makes the educational interaction more productive independent of specialty of choice. Conclusions Faculty identified that the most important factors contributing to a negative LE were a mismatch between expectations of medical students and faculty, and the conflict between the current curriculum and the faculty member's perceived ideal educational framework. Importantly, faculties were largely unfamiliar with LE/mistreatment policies and standards. These findings suggest a need for targeted curricula for faculty to raise awareness of components of a positive LE and tools to teach effectively within the contemporary medical school curriculum.
Supporting Family Caregivers With Technology for Dementia Home Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and objectives The number of persons living with dementia (PLWD) in the United States will reach 16 million by 2050. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia challenge family caregivers and contribute to negative caregiver outcomes such as burden and depression. Available technology can support the delivery of effective interventions to families providing dementia care at home. The Supporting Family Caregivers with Technology for Dementia Home Care (FamTechCare) randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a telehealth intervention on caregiver outcomes. Research design and methods The FamTechCare intervention provides tailored dementia-care strategies to in-home caregivers based on video recordings caregivers submit of challenging care situations. An expert team reviews the videos and provides individualized interventions weekly for the experimental group. In the telephone-support attention control group, caregivers receive feedback from an interventionist via the telephone based on caregiver retrospective recall of care challenges. Effects of the intervention on caregiver outcomes, including burden, depression, sleep disturbance, competence, desire to institutionalize the PLWD, and caregiver reaction to behavioral symptoms were evaluated by fitting linear mixed regression models to changes in the outcomes measured at 1 and 3 months. Results FamTechCare caregivers (n = 42) had greater reductions in depression (p = .012) and gains in competence (p = .033) after 3 months compared to the attention control group (n = 41). Living in rural areas was associated with a reduction in depression for FamTechCare caregivers (p = .002). Higher level of education was associated with greater improvements or lesser declines in burden, competence, and reaction to behavioral symptoms for both the FamTechCare and attention control caregivers. Discussion and implications This research demonstrated benefits of using available technology to link families to dementia care experts using video-recording technology. It provides a foundation for future research testing telehealth interventions, tailored based on rich contextual data to support families, including those in rural or remote locations.
Role of the clinical learning environment in preparing new clinicians to engage in quality improvement efforts to eliminate health care disparities

Purpose The National Collaborative for Improving the Clinical Learning Environment offers guidance to health care leaders for engaging new clinicians in efforts to eliminate health care disparities. Summary To address health care disparities that are pervasive across the United States, individuals at all levels of the health care system need to commit to ensuring equity in care. Engaging new clinicians is a key element of any systems-based approach, as new clinicians will shape the future of health care delivery. Clinical learning environments, or the hospitals, medical centers, and ambulatory care clinics where new clinicians train, have an important role in this process. Efforts may include training in cultural humility and cultural competency, education about the organization's vulnerable populations, and continuous interprofessional experiential learning through comprehensive, systems-based QI efforts focused on eliminating health care disparities. Conclusion By preparing and supporting new clinicians to engage in systems-based QI efforts to eliminate health care disparities, clinical learning environments are instilling skills and supporting behaviors that clinicians can build throughout their careers-and helping pave the road towards equity throughout the US health care system.