cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation of an osteoid osteoma of the rib ☆ .

An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that arises from osteoblastic dysfunction and usually presents as nonspecific, nocturnal pain located in the diaphysis of long bones, with <1% occurring in the ribs. It is most commonly treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or merely observed; when these treatments do no prove efficacious, either open surgery or interventional ablation are pursued. Herein, we report a rare case of an osteoid osteoma located in the rib of a 19-year-old male that was histologically diagnosed through computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy. Using CT guidance, the tumor was ablated by creating an artificial pneumothorax in order to induce a margin of space safe enough for cryoablation. It is important to be aware of the possibility that an osteoid osteoma may be present in the ribs, as the differential diagnosis includes costochondritis, pneumonia, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, osteosarcoma, cyst, and Brodie abscess. In addition, we have shown that CT-guided cryoablation can be an effective and less invasive treatment when compared to open en bloc resection, highlighting the role of interventional radiology in bone tumor ablation.
Abstracts for the 36th annual emergencies in medicine conference

The 36th Annual Emergencies in Medicine Conference was held at the Hyatt Centric Hotel in Park City, Utah, from February 25 to March 1, 2018. The conference is designed by Emergency Medicine physicians to be short, engaging, and informative. Conference involved a series of fast-paced 30-min lectures from international leaders in Emergency Medicine about cutting-edge research. The following were the abstracts that were presented at the conference. There was a competition for the best abstract, determined by a vote of all the conference attendees, for which the winner received the title of “2018 Best Emergencies in Medicine Abstract,” and a cash award of $500. This year the award went to “Stethoscope Cleaning Practices: The Dirty 3rd Hand of Modern Medicine.”
Who Uses Wearable Activity Trackers and Why? A Comparison of Former and Current Users in the United States.

Background:There has been an explosion in the use of wearable activity trackers (WATs), but we do not fully understand who wears them and why. This study’s purpose was to describe the characteristi...
Women, Rule-Breaking, and The Triple Bind

Two growing literatures critique Hobbesian corporate cultures. Management analyses document the way high-stakes/zero-sum bonus systems undermine, rather than enhance, productivity as they subvert teamwork, valorize self-interested behavior, and weaken ethical standards. This literature treats negative effects of such systems, including lawless and unethical behavior, as the unintended consequences of efforts to shake up complacent institutions or replace an insular old guard with an ambitious and meritocratic new workforce. A second, darker literature terms such Hobbesian environments “masculinities contests” that select for those executives who best exemplify masculine traits such as a single-minded focus on professional success, physical strength, and the willingness to engage in no-holds-barred competition. This literature treats the rule-breaking environment that results as an incidental byproduct of the way that such cultures valorize masculine traits. Drawing on insights from criminology, psychology, and feminist theory, this Article suggests another possibility: that certain management cultures intentionally design the competitions to facilitate breaking the rules with impunity. In a Hobbesian world, where some profit handsomely from defying convention, zero-sum competitions play a role that extends beyond valorizing alpha males. They select for leaders who will lie, shortchange their families, and break the law to get results—and do so without explicit orders that might subject upper management to accountability for the practices. In such a world, women fall behind not necessarily because of misogyny, though such environments often breed it. Instead, they lose because of a triple bind. First, women cannot prevail in such competitions unless they can outmaneuver men, credibly display greater devotion to the job, or more brazenly flout the laws. Second, they are disproportionately disliked and punished for displaying the self-centered, rule-breaking behavior of men. Third, women become less likely to seek positions because they correctly perceive that they could not thrive and are more likely than men to decide they do not wish to do so on such terms, reinforcing the male-identified character of such environments. Where these companies’ business models depend not just on the ability to upend traditional practices, but to break the law, the companies cannot address gender disparities without addressing the business model itself. The Article concludes that gender inequality is intrinsically intertwined with the evisceration of the rule of law in corporate America.
Silvicultural herbicides and forest succession influence understory vegetation and nutritional ecology of black-tailed deer in managed forests

Abstract The increasing intensity of forestry practices, especially using herbicides to promote early survival and growth of planted conifers, has the potential to influence the abundance of nutritious, shade-intolerant forbs and shrubs on which black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and other forest ungulates depend. Therefore, we compared summer forage resources and nutrition of female black-tailed deer in stands that received herbicide treatments paired with stands that did not in Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests of western Washington. We investigated how these responses changed as forests aged from early seral to canopy closure (2–20 years post-harvest) in both treatments, and also in unmanaged mid-seral stands (30–90 years old). We measured the biomass and nutritional quality of understory vegetation and the diet composition, diet quality and nutrient intake of tractable black-tailed deer within each paired stand. We found that herbicides did not affect the rate of closure of the overstory canopy, but influenced plant species composition of the understory vegetation and reduced total and non-conifer understory biomass, primarily in the first 9 years before canopy closure. Herbicides also reduced the biomass of two of the six plant functional groups, evergreen shrubs and deciduous shrubs and trees, but did not reduce forb, graminoid, or fern biomass. Herbicides reduced bite size, harvest rate, daily dry matter intake and daily digestible energy (DE) intake of deer, but increased dietary digestible protein (DP) content, and these effects occurred primarily in the first 3 years post-treatment. Biomass of plants suitable for black-tailed deer, and the deers’ bite rate, daily feeding time, dietary DE, and daily digestible DP intake did not respond to herbicides. Our yearling and sub-adult, non-lactating deer met requirements for yearling growth and adult maintenance for dietary DE in 78%, and DE intake in 27% of plots, but only met the higher requirements for lactating females in 5% of plots. All plots where daily DE requirements of lactation or growth were met were
A Pilot Trial of Topical Capsaicin Cream for Treatment of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome.

Objectives Patients with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) present frequently to the emergency department. Previous case studies suggest dramatic symptomatic improvement with topical capsaicin treatment. This exploratory study examined the potential effectiveness of topical capsaicin in patients with nausea and vomiting due to a suspected CHS exacerbation. Methods This was a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Adults who presented with vomiting suspected to be from CHS were eligible for enrollment. We excluded pregnant women and those with resolution of symptoms. Following randomization, topical 0.1% capsaicin or placebo cream was applied to the anterior abdomen in a uniform manner. The primary outcome was the severity of nausea on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 0 to 10 cm assessed at 30 minutes. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, occurrence of posttreatment vomiting, nausea by VAS at 60 minutes, and hospital admission. Results This pilot trial enrolled 30 patients, 17 in the capsaicin arm and 13 in the placebo arm. One patient in the capsaicin arm did not tolerate treatment due to skin irritation. Mean ± SD nausea severity at 30 minutes was 4.1 ± 2.3 cm in the capsaicin arm and 6.1 ± 3.3 cm in the placebo arm (difference = -2.0 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to -4.2 cm). At 60 minutes, mean ± SD nausea severity was 3.2 ± 3.2 cm versus 6.4 ± 2.8 cm (difference = -3.2 cm, 95% CI = -0.9 to -5.4 cm). The percent reduction in nausea at 60 minutes from baseline was 46.0% in the capsaicin arm and 24.9% in the placebo arm (difference = 21.1%, 95% CI = -5.6% to 47.9%). A higher proportion of capsaicin group patients (29.4% vs. 0%) had complete resolution of nausea (relative risk = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6 to 7.1). Conclusion In this pilot trial, the application of topical capsaicin cream was associated with a significant reduction in nausea at 60 minutes but not at 30 minutes and provided more complete relief of nausea.
Tier 2: Critical Issues in Systems, Practices, and Data:

The purpose of Tier 2 positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) is to address identified social, emotional, and behavioral needs with efficient, targeted interventions. Although only 10% ...
Intervention Response to the Trauma-Exposed, Justice-Involved Female Youth: A Narrative Review of Effectiveness in Reducing Recidivism

This study aims to examine current research about trauma-exposed, justice-involved (TEJI) female youth, and evaluate the current literature regarding the effectiveness of gender-specific interventions aimed at reducing their recidivism. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology was utilized to examine quantitative and qualitative literature, published from 2000 through March 2020, about interventions for female justice-involved youth with trauma exposure. Analysis of selected studies utilized an integrated framework based on Andrew’s Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model and Lipsey’s factors of effectiveness, which reviewed studies showing the relationship between female justice-involved youth with mental health symptomologies and trauma. The findings show that effective intervention for this population targets the youth’s negative internal mechanisms related to trauma-subsequent psychosocial problems. These studies suggest that trauma-sensitive modalities have the potential to mitigate the further risk of problematic external behaviors. All studies had limited sample sizes, low follow-up rates, and unknown long-term outcomes. Future research should explore dimensions of sustainability and achieving stability in relation to intervention setting. Selecting the proper venue and facilitator for quality implementation and stability of setting is critical in delivering effective therapies. Modifications in public expectations of juvenile justice policy and practice, from disciplinary to therapeutic approaches, is needed.
An Experiment in Self and Product Concept Congruity: Self-Coke-Pepsi

Research indicates that individuals generally prefer products that are congruent with their self-concepts. The purpose of this research is to test the self and product concept congruity hypothesis in a given situation, and also, to find out whether there would be any change in the perceived relationships over time, A mini experiment was conducted utilizing semantic differential as a measurement device and college students as subjects. The results of the study indicate that individuals do perceive products more closely when such products are consistent with their self concepts. Thus, between Coke and Pepsi, the product alternatives in the experiment, the subjects demonstrated greater congruence with their self concept and Coke than their self concept with Pepsi. Furthermore, there were no significant changes in the congruency relationships over the observed time--the subjects maintained the same opinion overall about themselves, Coke and Pepsi.
Halted Innovation: The Expansion of Federal Jurisdiction over Medicine and the Human Body

Modern medical innovations are blurring the line between medical practice and medical devices and drugs. Historically, many techniques have been developed in medicine, without any interference from the federal government, as medical practice is (and has historically been) an area of state jurisdiction. Over the past two decades, however, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been exerting jurisdiction over the human body and the practice of medicine by targeting new medical techniques for oversight and subjecting the continued use of those treatments to onerous and legally questionable regulatory requirements that hinder the use of those treatments in practice. This Article examines developing innovations in medicine and the life sciences, including gene editing (and CRISPR-Cas9, a system of gene editing that has been the subject of significant media coverage due to its wide-ranging potential uses), forms of assisted reproductive technology that could prevent the transmission of genetic diseases, stem cell therapies, and fecal microbiota transplants. The Article makes several claims. First, the Article argues that innovations in the life sciences largely fall outside of the jurisdiction of the FDA. Second, the FDA is applying a regime intended to regulate medical devices and pharmaceuticals to new innovations in the life sciences, which has a chilling effect on innovation and patient health. The Article also reveals that States — due to their historic police powers over the practice of medicine — retain a critical piece of jurisdiction over the life sciences such that the only method of accurately and adequately regulating the life sciences must include the States. Ultimately, it is critical that the regulatory apparatus surrounding the life sciences be improved, as the pace of innovation indicates that the regulation of the life sciences will continue to be salient in the near and distant future.
Should Gig Platforms Decentralize Dispute Resolution

Online labor platforms provide freelancers the opportunity to work for clients on a project basis. However, like all projects, disputes can occur as a result of the platform users’ attempts to game the system or misunderstanding of objectives. Traditionally, the dispute would then have to be mediated by the platform's dispute team, which is often viewed to be unhelpful or biased. However, there are emerging platforms that promise to resolve the dispute with a novel tribunal system and relegate dispute resolution to individual platform users through a voting mechanism. We are interested in examining the dispute resolution models used by both the traditional online platforms (i.e., the centralized dispute system) and the emerging online platforms (i.e., the decentralized dispute system). Our results suggest that the decentralized dispute system outperforms the centralized dispute system when the freelancers’ skill level is sufficiently high, and when the task is associated with a lower degree of quality uncertainty. Thus, gig platforms should consider switching to the decentralized dispute system only if they are able to attest to the freelancers’ skill level, and the decentralized dispute system can better cater to standardized tasks rather than creative tasks. Moreover, the decentralized dispute system can be more appealing to policy makers because it induces a more socially optimal quality level of the freelancer. In addition, we also find that the platform should set a much lower dispute fee when switching to the decentralized dispute system, and can further improve its revenue under the decentralized dispute system by charging dispute fees to both the freelancer and the client when the freelancers’ skill level is moderate.
A Differential Analysis of Depressed Mood Symptomology among Welfare-reliant African American and Latinx Women Heads of Household

The mixed-method study is a differential analysis of clinical depression symptomology among a sample (N = 30) of welfare-reliant African American and Latinx women whom are heads of their households...
Household Intertemporal Behaviour: A Collective Characterization and a Test of Commitment

In this paper, a formal test of intra-household commitment is derived and performed. To that end, two models of household intertemporal behaviour are developed. In both models, household members are characterized by individual preferences. In the first formulation, household decisions are always on the ex ante Pareto frontier. In the second model, the assumption of intra-household commitment required by ex ante efficiency is relaxed. It is shown that the full-efficiency household Euler equations are nested in the no-commitment Euler equations. Using this result, the hypothesis that household members can commit to future allocations of resources is tested using the Consumer Expenditure Survey. I strongly reject this hypothesis. It is also shown that the standard unitary framework is a special case of the full-efficiency model. However, if household members are not able to commit, household intertemporal behaviour cannot be characterized using the standard life-cycle model. These findings have two main implications. First, policy makers can change household behaviour by modifying the decision power of individual household members. Second, to evaluate programmes designed to improve the welfare of household members, it would be beneficial to replace the standard unitary model with a characterization of household behaviour that allows for lack of commitment.
Precession rates for an artificial satellite.

The motion of an orbiting body may be considered to be composed of three parts: a short-period component with period the same order as that of the primary motion; a long-period component consisting of all sinusoidal motions with periods longer than that of the primary motion, but primarily those associated with periodic perturbing forces;and a secular component which is not periodic. This paper presents a procedure for evaluating the secular and long-period motions.
An Investigation of Therapeutic Communicator Style

The relational aspects of therapeutic communication have been shown to be important determinants of successful therapeutic outcomes. There is still lacking, however, a holistic construct of communi...
Quantitative determination of the extent of neutralization of carboxylic acid functionality in Carbopol® 974P NF by diffuse reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry using Kubelka-Munk function

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for the quantitative determination of the extent of neutralization of the carboxylic acid function in Carbopol® 974P NF using Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFT) with Kubelka-Munk function analysis.
Shining Light in Dark Places: Understanding the Tor Network

To date, there has yet to be a study that characterizes the usage of a real deployed anonymity service. We present observations and analysis obtained by participating in the Tor network. Our primary goals are to better understand Tor as it is deployed and through this understanding, propose improvements. In particular, we are interested in answering the following questions: (1) How is Tor being used? (2) How is Tor being mis-used? (3) Who is using Tor? To sample the results, we show that web traffic makes up the majority of the connections and bandwidth, but non-interactive protocols consume a disproportionately large amount of bandwidth when compared to interactive protocols. We provide a survey of how Tor is being misused, both by clients and by Tor router operators. In particular, we develop a method for detecting exit router logging (in certain cases). Finally, we present evidence that Tor is used throughout the world, but router participation is limited to only a few countries.
War and self-defense: a critique and a proposal

Discussions of the ethics of war commonly – and reasonably – assume that defensive wars are morally justified if any wars are. They also assume that explanations of why defensive warfare is morally justified must be based on principles that also explain the moral justifiability of individual self-defense. David Rodin has recently argued that the second of these assumptions is mistaken, and he has developed an alternative account of the morality of defensive warfare. The purpose of this paper is to show that Rodin’s argument fails, and to explain how defensive warfare can indeed be justified in terms of principles that also apply to individual self-defense.
24 Cardiac Evaluation: The Current Status of Outcomes-Based Imaging

A strong recommendation can be made for initial coronary angiography among high-risk patients and those who are post myocardial infarction (MI) that was transmural or with ischemic symptoms (strong evidence). A strong recommendation can be made for performing a noninvasive imaging examination [e.g., single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or stress echo] prior to coronary angiography in low-risk patients and those who have had a non-Q-wave MI (strong evidence). Aside from coronary angiography, the appropriate usage of cardiac imaging studies remains unclear, and more research is required to evaluate the outcomes, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the aforementioned modalities (insufficient evidence). Coronary artery calcium scoring has been shown in asymptomatic patients to be predictive of coronary artery disease (CAD); however, there have been no data to support the position of added predictive value over and above the clinical Framingham model (insufficient evidence).
Adaptive multicast beamforming: Guaranteed convergence and state-of-art performance at low complexity

Multicast beamforming is a part of the Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) in the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard for efficient audio and video streaming. The associated beamformer design problem has drawn considerable attention over the last decade, but existing solutions are not quite satisfactory. The core problem is NP-hard, and the available approximations leave much to be desired in terms of achieving favorable performance-complexity trade-offs, especially for online implementation. This paper introduces a new class of adaptive multicast beamforming algorithms that simultaneously cover all bases - featuring guaranteed convergence and state-of-art performance at low complexity. Each update takes a step in the direction of an inverse Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) weighted linear combination of the SNR-gradient vectors of all users. Convergence is established by recourse to proportional fairness. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform Semi-Definite Relaxation (SDR) and Successive Linear Approximation (SLA - the prior state-of-art) at an order of magnitude lower complexity.
Light-induced direct-write patterning of inverted domains in lithium niobate

We developed a technique to directly write ferroelectric domain patterns, with feature sizes down to 2 /spl mu/m, into lithium niobate crystals using a diffraction limited visible light spot. Local temperature measurements exclude a pure temperature effect.
Early Confucianism is a System for Social-Functional Influence and Probably Does Not Represent a Normative Ethical Theory

To the question “What normative ethical theory does early Confucianism best represent?” researchers in the history of early Confucian philosophy respond with more than half a dozen different answers. They include sentimentalism, amoralism, pragmatism, Kantianism, Aristotelian virtue theory, care ethics, and role ethics. The lack of consensus is concerning, as three considerations make clear. First, fully trained, often leading, scholars advocate each of the theories. Second, nearly all participants in the debate believe that the central feature of early Confucianism is its moral thought. However, these normative ethical theories are logically inconsistent with one another, the third point. The entailment is unavoidable: the majority of scholars of early Confucian normative ethics must be incorrect about their attributions of a normative theory to early Confucianism. It would appear, then, that we need a new dao 道 or pathway for the study of early Confucian moral thought. One alternative is to adopt an immersively interdisciplinary research methodology that pivots on the recognition that early Confucianism is a social-functional system the governing purpose of which is to influence cultural leaders.
Direct and Differential Effects of the Internet on Political and Civic Engagement

Given the significant rise in the number of Americans who turn to the Internet for political information, we examine the effects of these behaviors on political and civic engagement in an evolving media landscape. Specifically, we test hypotheses derived from competing models—the instrumental approach, which posits direct effects of Internet use and a psychological approach, which predicts contingent effects. Analyses of the 2004 American National Election Studies (N= 1,212) reveal a pattern of direct effects of Internet use on basic information acquisition and use but contingent effects for concrete acts of civic or political engagement. These results provide an important window on the political impacts of contemporary Internet use and suggest that future reassessments of the Internet’s role in public life should continue to probe for direct as well as differential effects.
J chain deficiency in human IgM monoclonal antibodies produced by Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes

Six human IgM monoclonal antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were purified and characterized. On agarose-acrylamide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels run under nonreducing conditions, IgM monoclonal antibodies showed variable amounts of a slower migrating form of IgM in addition to the one co-migrating with plasma IgM. Protein blotting with anti-J chain antibody showed that the slower migrating form did not contain J chain. Analysis of one of the monoclonal antibodies by sucrose gradient centrifugation showed that the J chain-deficient form sedimented faster than the complete IgM. It is known that IgM preparations lacking J chain sediment faster by sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis and tend to form hexamers. The slower migrating form of IgM we observed on SDS gels under nonreducing conditions could be hexameric IgM. Further evaluation of this monoclonal antibody demonstrated that both forms of IgM had the same antigen-binding activity. Glycosylation of the light chain was demonstrated in two of the monoclonal antibodies.
A new method for the stereospecific synthesis of ether phospholipids. Preparation of the amide analog of platelet-activating factor and related derivatives

Abstract A novel stereospecific synthesis of biologically active ether-phospholipids is reported.
Epitaxial growth of magnesia and spinel on sapphire during incongruent reduction in molten magnesium

The types and structures of oxide phases produced during the incongruent reduction of sapphire (single-crystal Al2O3) by molten magnesium were examined. Polished $\{ 10\overline 1 0\} $ faces of sapphire were exposed to molten magnesium at 1000 °C for 100 h. Such exposure resulted in the formation of a continuous, epitaxial layer of spinel (MgAl2O4) on sapphire and a continuous, epitaxial layer of magnesia (MgO) on the spinel. X-ray pole figure analyses indicated that two variants of spinel and magnesia had formed in a manner consistent with the following orientation relationships: ${(10\overline 1 0)_{{\rm{Sapphire}}}}\parallel {(110)_{{\rm{Spinel}}}}\parallel {(110)_{{\rm{Magnesia}}}}/{[0001]_{{\rm{Sapphire}}}}\parallel {[111]_{{\rm{Spinel}}}}\parallel {[111]_{{\rm{Magnesia}}}}$ .
Subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an HIV infected patient receiving antiretroviral therapy

Abnormal pulmonary immune response to various antigens can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This disease has not previously been reported in HIV infected patients. This case report describes an HIV infected woman who developed subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis in response to bird exposure. The disease manifested itself only after the patient experienced an improvement in her CD4 positive T lymphocyte count secondary to antiretroviral therapy. This case emphasises the need to consider non-HIV associated diseases in patients with HIV and suggests that diseases in which host immune response plays an essential role in pathogenesis may become more prevalent in HIV infected patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy.
A Child With Benign Neonatal Jitteriness and Spasmus Nutans

This patient, a 26-month-old girl, developed benign neonatal jitteriness soon after birth that subsequently resolved at 3 months of age. At 6 months of age, she developed spasmus nutans with left monocular nystagmus and head shaking in a “no-no” pattern. Physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, optic nerves, and orbits was normal. The spasmus nutans also gradually resolved by 18 months of age. To our knowledge, the co-occurrence of these 2 benign movement disorders in an individual has not previously been reported. The pathogenesis of benign neonatal jitteriness and spasmus nutans is unknown. Their co-occurrence may reflect a shared underlying mechanism.
Effect of pH on the Life-Span and Metabolism of Bovine Sperm Kept at Room Temperatures,

Summary The oxygen consumption, lactic acid production, motility, pH, and survival rate of bovine spermatozoa suspended in coconut milk diluent: (1) CMC, consisting of a 1:1 mixture of boiled coconut milk and a 4.32% solution of sodium citrate, and (2) CMCC, consisting of CMC, which contained 100mg. % calcium carbonate, were measured after 3, 76, and 150 hr. of storage at room temperatures. With the progression of time, lactic acid accumulated, causing a gradual decline in metabolic activity which was significantly correlated with the increased hydrogen ion concentration. In a pH range of 5.50–5.80, the sperm appeared to be maximally inhibited, but sustained a comparatively insignificant loss of viability. Resuspending the auto-inhibited spermatozoa in fresh, relatively alkaline coconut milk diluents produced an appreciable resumption of metabolic activity after six days of room temperature storage. The evidence strongly suggests that reversible acid inhibition can serve as a means of extending the life-span of sperm for several days at room temperatures.
Comments on a short paper by El-Shandwily on transient solutions of Maxwell's equations

The commenter claims that M.E. El-Shandwily (see ibid., vol.30, no.4, p.577-82, Nov. 1988) made four mistakes in obtaining his results, namely the belief that Dirac's delta function integrated from zero to infinity has a defined value, the attempt to derive solutions of a system of partial differential equations interpreted for distributions without a method that is known to yield uniform convergence, to disregard for the fact that Maxwell's equations are a mathematical model of physical phenomena, and the belief that the need to modify Maxwell's equations is a topic for serious scientific discussion. >
A Randomized Four-Year Study of Periodontal Therapy

The purpose of this study was to compare the long term effectiveness of scaling and root planing alone to scaling and root planing followed by periodontal surgery. Seventeen subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis received through scaling and root planing as well as oral hygiene instruction. A modified Widman flap was then randomly performed for one-half of each subject's dentition. Recall prophylaxis and oral hygiene reinforcement were administered for 4 years after completion of therapy. Shallow crevices (1--3 mm)subjected to either procedure tended to increase slightly in depth and exhibit a slight loss of attachment when compared to pretreatment measurements. Moderately deep pockets (4--6 mm) treated by either procedure were reduced and demonstrated a sustained gain or maintenance of attachment level. Pockets initially greater than or equal to 7 mm exhibited the greatest reduction in depth and attachment gain. Gingivitis was reduced following either procedure for moderate and deep pockets. No difference in supragingival plaque retention was noted and both procedures reduced calculus. The results indicate that both procedures were effective in treating moderate to advanced periodontitis. However, the additional flap procedure tended to result in greater pocket reduction and attachment gain for deeper pockets.
Safety of Bronchoscopy in Elderly

Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a commonly performed procedure for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of pulmonary disorders. Due to high prevalence of lung diseases especially lung cancer in the aging population, there is an increasing demand for FB in elderly patients. Flexible bronchoscopy is a well-tolerated procedure with low complication rate and mortality while providing valuable diagnostic and staging information. However, due to age-related decline in cardiopulmonary reserves and frequent presence of co-morbid conditions, procedural safety is the most critical issue in any elderly patient undergoing FB. A thorough understanding of these cardiopulmonary limitations and a careful assessment of medical issues, functional status and social support are essential in every elderly patient before performing bronchoscopy. Several studies have shown that age has no major effect on procedure-related complications or tolerance to bronchoscopy even with recent addition of increasingly complex and longer procedures. Advanced age by itself is not a contraindication to bronchoscopy.
Fortification of Residential Neighbourhoods and the New Emotions of Home

Research on the fortification of residential environments and the spatial production of “security” within gated communities has lead to a broader understanding of how everyday emotions are being transformed by post 9/11 measures and terror talk. A new structure of feeling is infiltrating the most private of spatial domains, that of home, and further rationalizes and legitimates the practices of social exclusion, fortification, and racialization of space that mark current sociospatial politics. This article presents ethnographic illustrations from gated communities in New York and San Antonio, Texas, of how new emotive institutions are emerging and transforming the domestic emotional climate.
The Evaluation and Clinical Application of Pleural Physiology

Pleural disease is commonly encountered by the chest physician. Evaluation of pleural disease typically begins with thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis. With improvements in minimally invasive procedures, imaging, and the use of pleural manometry, a more complete understanding of lung, pleural, and chest wall physiology is possible. The improved knowledge of pleural physiology can help the clinician in clinical decision making, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of pleural disease. This article reviews pleural physiology and summarizes the relevant data supporting the use of ultrasound and manometry in the evaluation and treatment of pleural disease.
Defect states with an occupation-dependent lattice configuration in zinc-doped Ga 0.58 In 0.42 P on GaAs

While lattice-matched Ga 0.51 In 0.49 P on GaAs has the ideal bandgap for the top converter in triple-junction GaAs-based solar cells, more complex designs will benefit from flexibility in the composition of this alloy. Changes in the gallium/indium ratio are accompanied by lattice-mismatch relative to GaAs substrates, so higher dislocation densities are expected in alternative gallium/indium epitaxial alloys. We report deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and photocapacitance measurements on metamorphic, Zn-doped Ga 0.58 In 0.42 P. The experimental evidence, including thermally-activated non-exponential capture and escape and an augmented optical threshold energy, indicates that hole traps with an occupation-dependent lattice configuration are present in this device. Similar behavior has been linked with Zn-doping in GaAsP, raising the suspicion that zinc may also be involved in the AX-like complex reported here.
A semiautomated system for the production and analysis of sucrose density gradients

Abstract A semiautomated system permitting considerable accuracy, speed and reproducibility in the making and fractionation of sucrose density gradients is described. The system consists of a modified Beckman gradient forming device which makes six gradients simultaneously and delivers them into six 12.5 ml polyallomer centrifuge tubes in such a manner that new material is continuously added to the meniscus of the gradient. The gradients are fractionated three at a time and up to 100 fractions per gradient can be collected automatically directly into scintillation vials with a choice of drop counting or time mode with rinse and automatic addition of scintillation fluid to each vial. The system can process up to six gradients per hour but centrifugation time is usually the limiting factor. With neutral sucrose gradients, sharp, reproducible, monodisperse peaks containing up to 100% of the gradient radioactivity are usually obtained but a smaller monodisperse peak containing as little as 3.5% of the gradient radioactivity can be detected under conditions where some pairs of molecules might tangle or dimerize. The resolution and reproducibility of this system when used with neutral sucrose gradients is at least the equal if not superior to that commonly claimed for alkaline sucrose gradients.
Quantitative thyroid scintigraphy as a predictor of serum thyroxin concentration in normal and hyperthyroid cats.

Quantitative thyroid scintigraphy using pertechnetate was performed in 43 cats with various T4 concentrations and compared to eight normal control cats. Quantitative parameters included percentage dose uptake of the radioisotope by the thyroid, thyroid: salivary ratio and rate of thyroid uptake. All cats were anesthetized for the scan, and images were obtained using both low-energy all purpose (LEAP) and pinhole collimators. All quantitative parameters were significantly correlated to the serum T4 concentration, but the best correlation was obtained using the 20-minute thyroid: salivary ratio using only the most intense of the two thyroid lobes. The thyroid: salivary ratio was a good predictor of the metabolic status of the thyroid.
Two New and Highly Apomorphic Species of the Lasioglossum Subgenus Evylaeus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Central America

Two new and apomorphic members of the Lasioglossum subgenus Evylaeus from Panama and Costa Rica are described. These species inhabit cloud forest habitats in Central America, an area and habitat not normally associated with high species diversity for bees in the genus Lasioglossum.
Surgical cricothyrotomy performed by air ambulance flight nurses: A 5-year experience

Limited information exists in the current medical literature regarding the performance of surgical cricothyrotomy by flight nurse personnel. We undertook a retrospective review of all flight records from our regional air ambulance service. The flight team transported 2,188 patients during this time; 69 patients required surgical cricothyrotomy for airway access. In all cases, the procedure was performed by a flight nurse working under a predefined airway protocol. Indications for the procedure were predominantly for maxillofacial trauma. A secure airway was established in 98.5% of the cases (68/69). Acute complications involved hemorrhage (3) and placement (3) with a complication rate of 8.7%. We conclude that surgical cricothyrotomy can be performed by well-trained flight nurses with a high success rate and an acceptable complication rate.
Historical Criticism versus Prophetic Proclamation

A question which historical critical scholarship can no longer evade is whether it still contributes fundamentally to the strengthening of faith, or whether it is effecting its dissolution. Where biblical research continues to be done within the framework of Christian convictions, a crisis of identity threatens, since the historical critical approach with its related methodologies tends to dissolve the most fundamental assumptions of the New Testament Christian faith, namely, that salvation is possible only in relation to Jesus Christ. William Mallard focused sharply on this problem when he pointed out that even “when critical research supports a historical religious claim, the character and function of that claim is thereby undermined, and the past event in question loses the force of revelation.” In the same context J. Maxwell Miller argued that there could be no resolution of the conflict between critical inquiry and the biblical view of history because a historical critical understanding can have no place for God's repeated “intrusions” into the course of the Old Testament history. To use Mallard's formulation, a critical explanation for these divine intrusions into the Old Testament history effectively abandons the Old Testament understanding itself. According to Miller: “If the Jewish historian does not offer a natural explanation for the origin of the Exodus traditions, he is untrue to the critical method of historical research. If he does offer a natural explanation, he destroys the basis of his Jewish faith — i.e., that God intruded upon human history at the time of the Exodus and made a covenant with the fathers which applies even today. The same would seem to be true of the Christian historian who attempts to deal with the incarnation or the resurrection.”
Pulmonary Arteriography in the Operating Room

Before a procedure of the magnitude of pulmonary embolectomy is undertaken, the diagnosis should always be confirmed by pulmonary arteriography. One attempt to initiate partial cardiopulmonary bypass for the support of the patient in the department of radiology convinced us the operation should be performed in the operating room. We have, therefore, devised a technique by which the patient is brought to the operating room, placed on partial bypass, and the pulmonary arteriogram obtained on the operating table. The advantages are obvious and numerous.
Effect of a roughened sea surface on shallow water propagation with emphasis on reactive intensity obtained with a vector sensor

In this study, sea-surface conditions during the Targets and Reverberation Experiment (TREX) are analyzed. The sea-surface directional spectrum was experimentally measured up to 0.6 Hz with two wave buoys separated by 5 km. The analysis presented here focuses on propagation relating to three canonical sea-surfaces observed during the experiment: calm conditions, and rough conditions with waves either perpendicular or parallel to the primary propagation direction. Acoustic data collected during calm and rough conditions show a significant difference in the amount of out-of-plane scattering. Interference due to this out-of-plane scattering is observed in the component of reactive intensity perpendicular to the propagation direction. These observations are compared with those generated using a model of the sea-surface scattering based on a combination of buoy-measured and modeled directional spectrum. Simulated sea-surfaces are also constructed for this numerical study. A model for wind waves is used to obtain surface wavenumbers greater than those measured by the wave buoys (~1.5 rad/m). Importantly, the spectral peak and it direction are well measured by the buoys and no assumptions on fetch are required, resulting in a more realistic wave spectrum and description of sea-surface conditions for acoustic modeling.
Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Interferon Requires Proteasome Activity

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is inhibited in a noncytopathic manner by alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) and IFN-γ. We demonstrate here that inhibitors of cellular proteasome activity can block this antiviral effect. These results suggest that a critical component of the IFN-induced antiviral response may be the proteasome-dependent degradation of viral or cellular proteins that are required for HBV replication.
Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver exhibits immunohistochemical evidence of both hepatocyte and bile duct differentiation.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma is a rare malignant primary liver neoplasm with characteristic histological features that typically arises in young patients without viral hepatitis or cirrhosis. Previous studies on this entity have been limited by small numbers of patients. In contrast to classical hepatocellular carcinoma, individual cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma have been reported to express cytokeratin 7. In addition, ultrastructural and serological studies have suggested that fibrolamellar carcinoma may show neuroendocrine differentiation. The cellular differentiation of fibrolamellar carcinoma has not been studied and little is reported about its immunohistochemical profile. We studied 26 cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma and 62 cases of classical hepatocellular carcinoma by immunohistochemistry for HepPar1, glypican-3, pCEA, CD10, α-fetoprotein, cytokeratin 20, neuroendocrine markers, and surrogate markers for biliary differentiation (cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, epithelial membrane antigen, EpCAM, mCEA, B72.3, and CA19.9). In situ hybridization for albumin mRNA was also performed. Tumor cells of fibrolamellar carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma showed positive signals for albumin mRNA by in situ hybridization in all cases. Both tumor types stained uniformly positively with HepPar1 and most showed a canalicular staining pattern for pCEA, confirming their hepatocellular differentiation. In addition, 39% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 59% of fibrolamellar carcinoma cases were positive for glypican-3. All 22 fibrolamellar carcinoma cases tested showed positive staining for cytokeratin 7 and epithelial membrane antigen, whereas less than one-third of hepatocellular carcinoma cases were positive for these markers (P<0.0001). Further, 36% of fibrolamellar carcinoma cases showed staining for B72.3, cytokeratin 19, EpCAM, or mCEA. Minimal evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation in either tumor was found with any of the usual immunohistochemical markers used for this purpose. Therefore, cytokeratin 7 and epithelial membrane antigen may be useful to differentiate between fibrolamellar carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. On the basis of immunohistochemistry, fibrolamellar carcinoma seems to show both hepatocellular and bile duct differentiation.