cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of the casein kinase 2 subunits in Chinese hamster ovary and 3T3 L1 cells provides information on the role of the enzyme in cell proliferation and the cell cycle.

Abstract In order to investigate the in vivofunctions of protein kinase CK2 (CK2), the expression of Myc-tagged versions of the subunits, Myc-CK2α and Myc-CK2β, was carried out in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells) and in 3T3 L1 fibroblasts. Cell proliferation in these cells was examined. CHO cells that transiently overexpressed the Myc-CK2β subunit exhibited a severe growth defect, as shown by a much lower value of [3H]thymidine incorporation than the vector controls, and a rounded shrunken morphology. In contrast, cells overexpressing Myc-tagged CK2α showed a slightly but consistently higher value of [3H]thymidine incorporation than the controls. The defect in cell growth and changes in morphology caused by Myc-CK2β overexpression were partially rescued by coexpression of Myc-tagged CK2α. In parallel to the studies in CHO cells, the stable transfection of Myc-CK2α and Myc-CK2β subunits was achieved in 3T3 L1 fibroblast cells. Similarly, the ectopic expression of Myc-CK2β, but not Myc-CK2α, caused a growth defect. By measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation, it was found that expression of Myc-CK2β prolonged the G1phase and inhibited up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression during G1. In addition, a lower mitotic index and lower mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase activities were detected in Myc-CK2β-expressing cells. Detailed analysis of stable cells that were synchronously released into the cell cycle revealed that the expression of Myc-CK2β inhibited cells entering into mitosis and prevented the activation of mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases. Taken together, results from both transient and stable expression of CK2 subunits strongly suggest that CK2 may be involved in the control of cell growth and progression of the cell cycle.
Physiological system markers of aging.

Abstract Superficially physiological measurements and processes would appear to be excellent candidates to serve as biomakers of aging. A considered analysis reveals that the validation of them as biomarkers of aging is difficult. The available evidence indicates that the concept of physiological age does not appear to be of much value. Although physiological measurements can serve as predictors of the future occurrence of age-associated diseases and as predictors of impending mortality, such predictors may be of little value as markers of the aging processes. It seems likely that physiological markers of aging can be validated only through the appropriate use of maximum life span and the knowledge base that must be obtained to do so is discussed.
SPECIALIZATION, LEARNING BY DOING AND THE OPTIMAL AMOUNT OF LEARNING

Specialization, learning and technological change are shown in this paper to be connected phenomena. These connections which cannot be discovered by looking into conventional production functions are revealed in a straightforward way by applying the theory of finite automata. An hypothesis about learning is advanced and learning curves are derived from a model of behavior. How to determine the optimal amount of learning is also discussed.
Descriptive Representation by Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Municipal Bureaucracies: Change in US Multiethnic Cities, 1987–2001

We explore the extent of employment inequalities between Latinas, African American women, and white (non-Latina) women (and their coethnics) in public sector managerial positions in multiethnic US cities. Our analysis of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) data from 1987 and 2001 indicates that all groups of women suffer from underrepresentation at the administrator level, especially in agencies that have regulatory and distributive policy commitments, but that Latinas and African American women show the lowest levels of representation. Moreover, Latinas and African American women are substantially underrepresented among professional workforces in almost all municipal departments; however, white (non-Latina) women achieve parity in many cities. Among pairs of coethnics (e.g. African American females versus African American males), we find that males are usually better represented than females, but even in multiethnic cities large disparities remain between white males and all other groups in th...
Homostructured Mixed Inorganic−Organic Ion Clays: A New Approach to Epoxy Polymer−Exfoliated Clay Nanocomposites with a Reduced Organic Modifier Content

A new approach to the preparation of epoxy−clay nanocomposites is reported based on the intercalation and exfoliation of homostructured mixed inorganic/organic cation exchanged forms of a commercially available montmorillonite (PGW) and a synthetic fluorohectorite (FH) clay. In these mixed-ion homostructures both the organic onium ions and the inorganic exchange ions co-occupy the gallery surfaces of the clay, thereby dramatically reducing the amount of organic modifier needed to access the galleries for nanocomposite formation. The homostructures were prepared by ion exchanging the inorganic H+ and Li+ forms of the smectite clays with diprotonated primary α,ω-diamines of the type H2NCH(CH3)CH2[OCH2CH(CH3)]xNH2 (denoted Jeffamine D2000 with x = 33.1). Varying the ratio of inorganic cations to onium ions afforded homostructured mixed-ion intercalates with basal spacings ranging from ∼17 A (25% onium ion exchange) to ∼46 A (65% onium ion exchange), indicating the Jeffamine D2000 modifier adopted extended ch...
Time-varying multivariate visualization for understanding terrestrial biogeochemistry

Petascale computing has brought forth a transformational way of doing science. To the global effort on studying climate change, this shift has enabled not only tools more functional and more powerful than before but also a scientific exploration more comprehensive than before. In this work, we report our efforts to employ recent ultrascale visualization technologies (SciDAC Ultravis) to study model comparison in terrestrial biogeochemistry datasets produced by computation (SciDAC C-LAMP). While many of the current efforts are specific to climate modeling research, our method of location-specific summarizing visualization of extreme and normal relative distribution patterns is generally applicable to other fields of computational sciences.
Using Children's Interests in the Learning Process.

This question came from Eula Donaldson of Guilford Child Development in Greensboro, North Carolina. Eula is a lead teacher in a Head Start classroom which also receives More at Four funding. More at Four is a state funded program that helps support teacher salaries and makes it feasible for licensed teachers to work in non-public school settings. She earned her Bachelor's degree from UNC Greensboro and has a North Carolina Birth to Kindergarten license. Eula is in her third year of teaching and is involved in the Beginning Teacher Support Program of the North Carolina Office of School Readiness. “… I try to build on the interests of the children as I plan for instruction. I am interested in learning more about how I can carry the interests of the children throughout the whole week, planning and including activities that touch on all of the domains of development.…”
Specialist and Generalist Bee Visitors of an Endemic Beardtongue (Penstemon caryi: Plantaginaceae) of the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming

ABSTRACT. Insect exclusion from the flowers of Penstemon caryi showed that fruits are not produced unless pollen is moved between flowers by pollinators. We recorded over 30 species of bees visiting the flowers, and about a third of the bee species were common. Flower visitors were primarily pollen-collecting female bees, most of which also carried pollen on areas of the head that strongly implicated them as pollinators. While larger bees were generally more common on the flowers than smaller bees, there appeared to be no difference between size groups in (1) the percent of females collecting Penstemon pollen, (2) the percent of collected pollen that was Penstemon pollen, or (3) the percent of individuals that carried pollen in areas likely to effect pollination. Two long-tongued species, Anthophora ursina (Apidae) and Osmia brevis (Megachilidae), dominated the collections. These 2 species have very different host associations with Penstemon flowers: the specialist O. brevis collects pollen only from spec...
Group-synchronized replenishment of inventory items

Abstract The policy of making the order cycle of an item an integer multiple of the lowest order cycle does not ensure that the order cycles are the same for all the items. Thus, the problem of order control is not much simplified as no two items may have identical order-schedules. In this paper, we extend the concept of order cycle synchronization to the groups of items such that the common order cycle of a group is made an integer multiple of the lowest group-order-cycle.
Microsatellite Instability and Expression of MLH1 and MSH2 in Normal and Malignant Endometrial and Ovarian Epithelium in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Family Members

Mismatch repair deficiency is a characteristic molecular finding in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and has been demonstrated in both colorectal cancers and benign adenomas. Endometrial and ovarian cancers are common extracolonic tumors in this syndrome; however, few studies have investigated whether genetic changes occur in histologically normal endometrial and ovarian epithelia from HNPCC family members. If early genetic changes exist, they might be used as molecular markers to detect susceptibility to endometrial and ovarian cancers. In this study, we analyzed microsatellite instability (MSI) and MLH1 and MSH2 immunohistochemical expression in 20 histologically normal epithelia (12 endometrial and 8 ovarian) and 8 cancers (4 endometrial and 4 ovarian) obtained from 20 individuals representing 7 unrelated HNPCC families. While MSI was observed in endometrial (75%) and ovarian (100%) cancers, no case was determined to exhibit MSI in histologically normal epithelia of the endometrium or ovary. Similarly, in immunohistochemical expressions for MLH1 and MSH2, histologically normal epithelia had no genetic changes predisposing to malignancy. In cancer cases, a correlation existed between the expression of MLH1 and MSH2, the presence of germline mutations in the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes, and the presence of tumor MSI. These data suggest that MSI and MLH1 and MSH2 expression are not useful biomarkers for the early detection of endometrial and ovarian malignancy in cancer-unaffected HNPCC germline mutation carriers. Further studies of other genetic changes in normal and premalignant precursor lesions are needed.
A review of public safety communications, from LMR to voice over LTE (VoLT E)

Public safety communications users in the United States are living in times of unprecedented change. From the challenges associated with the FCC's recent LMR narrowbanding mandate, which limited mobile radio channel bandwidths to 12.5 kHz, to the creation of FirstNet, the world's first, all-LTE public safety broadband network, public safety practitioners are changing the way they react and communicate during times of need. Though the network architecture for FirstNet has yet to be defined, an IMS-based VoLTE solution is the likely voice application successor to LMR push-to-talk and group calling. However, it remains to be seen whether or not VoLTE can provide the features and quality of service that public safety professionals have come to expect and rely on. And the problem is not confined to emergency responders in the United States - the worldwide community of P25 and TETRA users are evaluating the value of migrating to an LTE-based emergency communications network as well. This paper offers a high level discussion on the history of LMR, the basics of LTE and VoLTE, and implementation and testing recommendations based on possible FirstNet architectures.
Vagueness and Contradiction

Introduction 1. Absolute Borderline Cases 2. Intellectual Embarrassment without Vagueness 3. Forced Analytical Errors 4. Inconsistent Machines 5. Sainsbury's Spectra and the Penrose Triangle 6. Does Apriority Agglomerate? 7. Analytic Sorites and the Cheshire Cat 8. Believing the Impossible 9. Reason Demands Belief in Infinitely Many Contradictions 10. The Viral Theory of Inconsistency 11. Truthmaker Gaps References, Index
Foundations for Analysis and Proof Theory

The title of my paper indicates that I plan to write about foundations for analysis and about proof theory; however, I do not intend to write about the foundations for analysis and thus not about analysis viewed from the vantage point of any “school” in the philosophy of mathematics. Rather, I shall report on some mathematical and proof-theoretic investigations which provide material for (philosophical) reflection. These investigations concern the informal mathematical theory of the continuum, on the one hand, and formal systems in which parts of the informal theory can be developed, on the other. The proof-theoretic results of greatest interest for my purposes are of the following form: for each F in a class of sentences, F is provable in T if and only if F is provable in T* where T is a classical set-theoretic system for analysis and T* a constructive theory. In that case, T is called REDUCIBLE TO T*, as the principles of T* are more elementary and more restricted.
Development of a multi-modal haptic feedback system for dexterous robotic telemanipulation

Robotic telemanipulation can be used to project human capabilities and accomplish tasks that may not otherwise be practical or safe for direct human involvement. Examples include work in inhospitable environments, the completion of dangerous tasks where the risk to human life is to be avoided such as explosive disablement, remote task completion when personnel transportation is not practical or desired, and completion of tasks that may be accomplished more successfully by human operated robots than by humans alone. These tasks would benefit from highly dexterous robotic telemanipulation capabilities with intuitive control and haptic feedback for the operator. A novel haptic feedback system that incorporates kinesthetic, vibratory, and tactile feedback has been proposed and is in development for use with a highly dexterous robotic platform to achieve human capabilities projection. This paper presents a novel wearable fingertip tactile feedback device that integrates with a commercially available haptic feedback system to provide multi-modal feedback for teleoperation of an highly dexterous anthropomorphic robotic manipulator.
Dripping and jetting in microfluidic multiphase flows applied to particle and fibre synthesis

Dripping and jetting regimes in microfluidic multiphase flows have been investigated extensively, and this review summarizes the main observations and physical understandings in this field to date for three common device geometries: coaxial, flow-focusing and T-junction. The format of the presentation allows for simple and direct comparison of the different conditions for drop and jet formation, as well as the relative ease and utility of forming either drops or jets among the three geometries. The emphasis is on the use of drops and jets as templates for microparticle and microfiber syntheses, and a description is given of the more common methods of solidification and strategies for achieving complex multicomponent microparticles and microfibers.
Cystic hygroma of the arm: a case report and review of the literature.

Cystic hygromas arising outside of the cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominal areas are extremely rare. Detailed descriptions of this lesion, along with its MRI findings, in the extremities are lacking in the literature. The following case report describes such a lesion occurring in the arm.
Flat-plate solar array progress and plans

The emphasis of the Flat-plate Solar Array Project has been shifted from price goals and commercial development toward longer-term, higher risk, higher-potential-payoff opportunities. The revised objectives, status, and plans of the project are presented and technical progress is noted in the areas of: large-area sheet formation; silicon feedstock refinement; flat-plate module process sequence development; and engineering and environmental testing.
Recurrent Deletion and Gene Presence/Absence Polymorphism: Telomere Dynamics Dominate Evolution at the Tip of 3L in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Although Drosophila melanogaster has been the subject of intensive analysis of polymorphism and divergence, little is known about the distribution of variation at the most distal regions of chromosomes arms. Here we report a survey of genetic variation on the tip of 3L in D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Levels of single nucleotide polymorphism in the most distal euchromatic sequence are approximately one order of magnitude less than that typically observed in genomic regions of normal crossing over, consistent with what might be expected under models of linked selection in regions of low crossing over. However, despite this reduced level of nucleotide variation, we found abundant deletion polymorphism. These deletions create at least three gene presence/absence polymorphisms within D. melanogaster : the putative G-protein coupled receptor mthl-8 (which is the most distal known or predicted gene on 3L) and the unannotated mRNAs AY060886 and BT006009. Strikingly, D. simulans is also segregating deletions that cause mthl8 presence/absence polymorphism. Breakpoint sequencing and tests of correlations with segregating SNPs in D. melanogaster suggest that each deletion is unique. Cloned breakpoint sequences revealed the presence of Het-A elements just distal to unique, canonical euchromatic sequences. This pattern suggests a model in which repeated telomeric deficiencies cause deletions of euchromatic sequence followed by subsequent “healing” by retrotranposition of Het-A elements. These data reveal the dominance of telomeric dynamics on the evolution of closely linked sequences in Drosophila.
Sociometric Assessment of Leadership Status in Substance Abuse Training

Abstract A learner-centered clinical faculty development program in substance abuse, conducted at an urban medical school, was evaluated using a sociometric approach. This fellowship program was based upon the premise that faculty fellows would become academic opinion leaders in the sense that other clinical faculty, as well as residents and students, would seek them out for their knowledge and expertise on substance abuse. A survey instrument designed to test this hypothesis was distributed to all full-time clinical faculty in the fellows' departments (General Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Family Medicine) at the beginning and upon conclusion of training. Significant pre-post differences were observed on the dimensions of advice/consultation, clinical management, teaching, and research. In all but one case, the changes in perception were positive, and specific to the subject of substance abuse, and represented all of the dimensions. Posttraining perceptions were extremely favorable compa...
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension An answer to, “the chicken or the egg?”

The cause of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has long been a mystery and continues to be. There are three major theories of the cause of IIH1: 1) increased resistance to CSF absorption; 2) increased CSF production; and 3) within the past few years, increased venous sinus pressure. In fact, increased venous sinus pressure is now hypothesized to be the cause of IIH. Venous sinus occlusion and elevated venous sinus pressure are a proven cause of elevated intracranial pressure. MRI and MR venography now make it easier to identify venous sinus occlusion. Biousse et al.6 have shown that 54 of 160 patients with venous sinus occlusion had only symptoms of headache and papilledema that could have been construed as IIH. Many had normal CSF constituents and elevated CSF pressure. In Melbourne, King et al.2 have measured intracranial venous sinus pressures with transducers in …
Latino and Latina Adolescents' Help-seeking Behaviors and Attitudes Regarding Suicide Compared to Peers with Recent Suicidal Ideation

Although Latinas have consistently reported higher rates of suicidal behavior for the past 20 years (CDC, 1996), there is a dearth of information regarding their help-seeking attitudes and behaviors when dealing with distress and suicide. Associations between adolescents' ideation and help-seeking from adults were different for non-Hispanic Whites and Latinos from 14 high schools (N = 4,983). Among females, ideators and Latinas reported lower levels of help-seeking attitudes than nonideators and non-Hispanic Whites. Males showed interaction effects of ideation by race/ethnicity on help-seeking. Within sex by race/ethnicity, differences showed that while non-Hispanic White students reported consistent differences between suicidal ideation and no reported suicidal ideation, Latinos were more similar between these groups, particularly with having support from friends and family to seek help from adults. Research should clarify how culture contributes to decreased help-seeking norms among those with suicidal ideation.
Efficient transduction of myeloid cells by an HIV-1-derived lentiviral vector that packages the Vpx accessory protein

Lentiviral vectors are widely used for the stable expression of genes and small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown and are currently under development for clinical use in gene therapy. Pseudotyping of the vectors with VSV-G allows them to infect a wide range of cell types. However, myeloid cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, are relatively refractory to lentiviral vector transduction as a result of the myeloid-specific restriction factor, SAMHD1. SIVmac/HIV-2 and related viruses relieve the SAMHD1-mediated restriction by encoding Vpx, a virion-packaged accessory protein that induces the degradation of SAMHD1 upon infection. HIV-1 does not encode Vpx and cannot package the protein. We report the development of an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector in which the Vpx packaging motif has been placed in the p6 region of the Gag/Pol expression vector that is used to generate the lentiviral vector virions. The virions package Vpx in high copy number and infect myeloid cells with a two-log increase in titer. Transduction of dendritic cells with an shRNA against transportin-3 resulted in >90% knockdown of the encoding mRNA. The system can be applied to any HIV-based lentiviral vector and is useful for laboratory and clinical applications where the efficient transduction of myeloid cells is required.
Roles of the NMDA and quisqualate/kainate receptors in the induction and expression of kindled bursts in rat hippocampal slices

We used combinations of NMDA and quisqualate/kainate (Q/K) receptor antagonists and low Mg2+ (0.1 mM) solutions to study the respective roles of these receptors during in vitro kindling of interictal bursts in the CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices. Intracellular and extracellular recordings in CA3 showed that Q/K receptors were not necessary for the induction of kindling once the Mg2+ block of NMDA was alleviated, but that the expression of bursts kindled via NMDA-driven mechanisms was Q/K-dependent.
The "Vertical Response Time": Barriers to Ambulance Response in an Urban Area

Background: Ambulance response time is typically reported as the time interval from call dispatch to arrival on-scene. However, the often unmeasured ‘‘vertical response time’’ from arrival on-scene to arrival at the patient’s side may be substantial, particularly in urban areas with high-rise buildings or other barriers to access. Objectives: To measure the time interval from arrival on-scene to the patient in a large metropolitan area and to identify barriers to emergency medical services arrival. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of response times for high-priority call types in the New York City 9-1-1 emergency medical services system. Research assistants riding with paramedics enrolled a convenience sample of calls between 2001 and 2003. Results: A total of 449 paramedic calls were included, with a median time from call dispatch to arrival onscene of 5.2 minutes. The median on-scene to patient arrival interval was 2.1 minutes, leading to an actual response interval (dispatch to patient) of 7.6 minutes. The median on-scene to patient interval was 2.8 minutes for residential buildings, 2.7 minutes for office complexes, 1.3 minutes for private homes (less than four stories), and 0.5 minutes for outdoor calls. Overall, for all calls, the on-scene to patient interval accounted for 28% of the actual response interval. When an on-scene escort provided assistance in locating and reaching the patient, the on-scene to patient interval decreased from 2.3 to 1.9 minutes. The total dispatch to patient arrival interval was less than 4 minutes in 8.7%, less than 6 minutes in 28.5%, and less than 8 minutes in 55.7% of calls. Conclusions: The time from arrival on-scene to the patient’s side is an important component of overall response time in large urban areas, particularly in multistory buildings. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007; 14:772–778 a 2007 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Attending to multiple sources of information: I. The integration of information in decision making☆

Abstract Information relevant to a decision is often available from several sources, such as different sensory modalities or different spatial locations. Processing or utilization of such information is often selective in that some sources seem to have more influence on a decision or response than others. Many different theoretical mechanisms have been proposed to account for such selective (i.e., attentional) aspects of human information processing. This paper considers theoretical mechanisms which operate to integrate separate sources of information in order to make a binary decision. In particular, these mechanisms are studied in simple visual and auditory detection tasks as well as a Bayesian decision problem. Data from these experiments reject the idea that one integrates the relevant information from several sources prior to making a decision. Rather, one seems to form separate decisions about the information from each source and then integrate these decisions in order to select a response.
Propagation of intense microwave pulses in air and in a waveguide

The state of research on intense electromagnetic pulse propagation in air and in waveguides is reviewed. Some results obtained from recent investigations of the propagation of intense electromagnetic pulses in the atmosphere and in an air-filled waveguide when the field strength is above the threshold for air breakdown are presented. It is shown how the air breakdown affects the shape of the pulse. In addition, the accuracy of the calculational models is discussed, comparing calculations with experimental data. >
A Networking Information Processing Strategy and the Learning of Field Dependents Receiving Visual Instructional Information

The present investigation experimentally examined a net-working learning strategy and its affects upon facilitating the learning of field-dependent students. Also considered was the learning behavior of field independents compared to field dependents with a learning strategy. Learning behavior was examined under the condition of receiving a visual instructional program varying in levels of complexity. Two levels of learning performance were evaluated: list learning and spatial learning. The networking learning strategy did improve the learning behavior of the field dependents on both learning tasks. Visual stimulus complexity did not interact with field-dependence-independence or field dependence plus strategy.
Modeling electromagnetic fields for the excitation of microwave discharges used for materials processing

LOW-pressure/high-densit and moderate-pressure microwave plasma sources are finding increased use in a variety of materials processing applications. Several design variations have been developed using microwave excitation of the plasma discharges including permanent magnet and electromagnet ECR (electron cyclotron resonant) sources, resonant cavity sources, waveguide-excited sources, and surface wave sources. A central issue to understanding and modeling these sources is obtaining a self-consistent solution of the electromagnetic fields and plasma discharge behavior. A variety of numerical techniques have been applied to this problem by researchers including the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, ray tracing calculations, finite element solutions of the wave equation, and other wave propagation-absorption solutions. In each of these solution methods, plasma parameters including electron density and electron collision frequencies must be known or solved self-consistent to determine the electromagnetic fields. This paper reviews the status and presents examples of electromagnetic field modeling solutions for microwave plasma sources used in materials processing.
Properties and applications of SiGe nanodots

Abstract The use of SiGe strained layers for BiCMOS technology has been prevailing in the market place for high-speed and high-frequency mixed mode applications. The advantages of using SiGe are due to its compatibility with mainstream Si CMOS processing. SiGe has also been gradually making its way to the mainstream strained layer CMOS as well. In this paper, we will discuss SiGe quantum structures, which have the unique properties due to their nanosize effects and the presence of strain. We will describe the growth of SiGe quantum dots on Si. First, for dot growth, issues such as the growth conditions and their effects on the dot morphology will be reviewed. We will focus on the dependence of growth temperature on the size and also show the mechanisms of uniform dot formation. The basic issues such as vertical correlation and dot morphology evolution will be addressed in relation to the critical thickness of Ge quantum dot superlattices. Both interband and intersubband photoluminescence properties of Ge quantum dot superlattices will be discussed as functions of dot size, excitation power, growth temperature, superlattice period, and Ge concentration. We will also discuss quantum dot pin photodetectors for 1.3–1.55 μm for integration with Si technology for communications applications. Potential light emission from dots will be described and the characteristics of fabricated LED devices will be reported. Likewise, we will show the results of intersubband properties of boron-doped and modulation-doped Ge quantum dot superlattices in reference to intersubband absorption as studied by FTIR. We will describe the quantum dot pip photodetectors for 3–5 and 8–12 μm applications.
The effect of air control systems on the indoor distributions of viable particles

Abstract We have investigated the filtering effects of three types of air control systems of enclosed structures on viable particles in the ambient air. Aspergillus fumigatus and other thermophilic organisms were used as monitors for viable particles. The indoor concentrations of viable particles were found to be affected by building design and the use of conventional mechanical air systems. Viable particles of approximately 4.0 μm and greater in aerodynamic diameter were filtered from the air while respirable size particles less than 4.0 μm were not filtered as well. There was evidence of growth of viable particles within the mechanical air systems. Conventional air control systems may not be adequate for the control of viable particle contamination of the indoor environment without modifications and proper maintenance.
Antibody Titers to Propionibacterium acnes Cell Wall Carbohydrate in Nodulocysitc Acne Patients

In order to determine which structures in Propionibacterium acnes are most antigenic to severe acne patients, we studied the specificity of anti- P. acnes antibodies in serum from 15 nodulocystic acne patients and 5 normals. Complement fixation titers to P. acnes cell wall fractions were determined using guinea pig serum as a complement source. The mean titers of patients and normals to whole cells were 39.6 and 3 (p P. acnes strains were developed with each of the 15 patient sera. A single broadly migrating anionic antigen was detected. The antigen was also present in P. acnes culture supernatants. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of cytosol revealed a single peak of antigenic reactivity at M r = 100,000. Three patients' sera revealed a second weakly reacting antigen in the cytosol preparation. Twentyfold concentration of immunoglobulin from patient sera failed to reveal any other antigenic reactivities. The antigen was found to be resistant to nuclease, pronase, and lysozyme treatment; was precipitable with 70% ethanol; and was destroyed by sodium m-periodate—findings that are consistent with a carbohydrate structure.
Mandibular chloroma demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging

A case of chloroma or granulocytic sarcoma in the mandible of a young child is presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.
Developmental Phases in Lagoonal Patch Reefs—Implications for Paleozoic Bioherms, or New Models for Reefs: ABSTRACT

Observation of modern reefs indicates that lagoonal patch reefs may provide a more useful model for Paleozoic bioherms than conventional fringing or barrier-reef models. Most Paleozoic bioherms develop within inland basins or seaways surrounded by continental masses. Adjacent lands contribute varying quantities of fine clastic material to "reef"-derived carbonate rocks. Thus, bioherms are commonly associated with micrite or calcareous shales and mudstones. Few Paleozoic bioherms occur on coarse-grained carbonate substrates similar to those of modern fringing or barrier reefs. Rather, the bioherms generally appear to have had a mud substrate like that common in modern lagoonal settings. Similar development of modern lagoonal reefs and Paleozoic bioherms further strengthens the proposed model. Development of many Paleozoic bioherms progresses from an initiation phase of substrate stabilization, to a diversification phase, and finally to a termination phase dominated by a single group of organisms. Modern lagoonal patch reefs have been observed to develop in an identical manner in response to rapid fluctuation in sedimentation, a common condition in the lagoonal environment. In addition to substrate and developmental phases, there are other implications of a lagoonal model for Paleozoic bioherms. Reduced light penetration causes modern lagoonal coral and algal associations to occur in shallower water than predicted. Also, increased suspended matter results in dominance of sponges over corals in the lagoon. Recognition that lagoonal patch reefs exhibit developmental phases and substrate characteristics similar to those described for many Paleozoic bioherms demonstrates the potential importance of replacing conventional models with lagoonal patch reefs when examining Paleozoic bioherms. End_of_Article - Last_Page 421------------
Water table effects on the measurement of earth strain

Abstract Forced changes in the water head within a granite-penetrating borehole were found to induce anomalously large free-surface strains and tilts in the vicinity of the hole. This deformation is shown to be due to fluid-pressure-induced changes in the aperture of a compliant hydraulically-conductive fracture at a depth of 100 m and a quantitative analysis of the deformation data is performed to recover fracture characteristics. The importance of the effect for secular earth strain measurements is discussed in the light of the ubiquitous nature of both water table fluctuations and fractures in the shallow crust.
Inhibition of biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine by deoxycytidine: Correlation with decreased incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA

The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on pigmentation, contact inhibition, cell morphology, and tumorogenicity of Syrian hamster melanoma cells are inhibited in the presence of deoxycytidine (dC). The inhibition of these biological effects of BrdU by dC is correlated with a decrease in the incorporation of BrdU into nuclear DNA. The results suggest that the intracellular changes resulting from the addition of dC to cells in the presence of BrdU are comparable to those resulting from a decrease in the concentration of BrdU in the medium.
Bacteriocin typing of Pseudomonas putrefaciens from food, human clinical specimens, and other sources.

With the use of 4 bacteriocin donor strains ofPseudomonas putrefaciens most low G+C strains were readily distinguished from high G+C strains. Two bacteriocin donor strains exhibited autoinhibition when subjected to bacteriocin typing.
Abstract 2929: HIF is necessary, but not sufficient for the hypoxia response.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Hypoxia is a common characteristic of many solid tumors. Hypoxia inducible factor HIF1α and HIF2α have been shown to drive malignant progression by activating genes involved in angiogenesis, proliferation, anaerobic metabolism, and other processes that enable tumor cells to survive or to escape their O2-deficient microenvironments. While the major players in the hypoxia-mediated HIFα protein stability and the functions of HIF1α/ARNT and HIF2c/ARNT proteins in activating hypoxia-inducible genes are well established, the role of other transcription factors and how HIF regulates its target genes in the hypoxic transcriptional response are much less understood. We report here that the “Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3” (STAT3) and the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine-zip transcription factor, upstream stimulatory factor-2 (USF2) are required for the hypoxic transcriptional response, specifically for hypoxic activation of HIF1 and HIF2 target genes respectively. Mechanistically, STAT3 (or USF2) activates HIF1 (or HIF2) target genes by binding to HIF1 (or HIF2) target gene promoters, interacting with HIF1α (or HIF2α) protein and recruiting co-activators CBP and p300 to form enhanceosome complexes that contain HIFα, USF2, CBP, p300 and RNA Pol II on HIF target gene promoters. Interestingly, we found that HIF1α/ARNT and HIF2α/ARNT activate their target genes by recruiting Brm/Brg-1 SWI/SNF complexes to remodel HIF target gene promoter and thus increase HIF target gene activation. These studies established additional players in hypoxic transcriptional response post HIFα protein stabilization by hypoxia. In addition, our studies also showed that co-activators USF2/STAT3 and HIF cooperatively promote the hypoxia response by recurring histone acetylases and chromatin remolding complexes respectively. Uncovering the role of STAT3 and USF2 in the hypoxia response established the foundation to specifically inhibit HIF1 or HIF2 activity for solid tumor treatment. Citation Format: Cheng-Jun Hu, Matthew Pawlus, Johnny Sena, Liyi Wang. HIF is necessary, but not sufficient for the hypoxia response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2929. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2929 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
A CHANCE-CONSTRAINED GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR BANK LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT

The bank liquidity-management model presented herein is formulated as a chance-constrained goal programming model thus allowing uncertainty to be incorporated into a lexicographic solution of the problem. This model plans both for the reserve-short and reserve-excess bank, describing appropriate investment or disinvestment action during the computation period. The testing of the model was performed on two banks, one a small rural bank with assets of about $25 million, and the other a large metropolitan bank with assets well in excess of $1 billion, with the actual bank results and the prescribed strategy of the model being compared over a one-year period. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed on the model, providing valuable information concerning the risk-return relationships associated with each management goal. It is hoped that this model will provide bankers with both an effective diagnostic and operational tool in the development of liquidity-management planning decisions.
Regulation of the Tryptophan Biosynthetic Genes in Bacillus halodurans: Common Elements but Different Strategies than Those Used by Bacillus subtilis

In Bacillus subtilis, an RNA binding protein called TRAP regulates both transcription and translation of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes. Bacillus halodurans is an alkaliphilic Bacillus species that grows at high pHs. Previous studies of this bacterium have focused on mechanisms of adaptation for growth in alkaline environments. We have characterized the regulation of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes in B. halodurans and compared it to that in B. subtilis. B. halodurans encodes a TRAP protein with 71% sequence identity to the B. subtilis protein. Expression of anthranilate synthetase, the first enzyme in the pathway to tryptophan, is regulated significantly less in B. halodurans than in B. subtilis. Examination of the control of the B. halodurans trpEDCFBA operon both in vivo and in vitro shows that only transcription is regulated, whereas in B. subtilis both transcription of the operon and translation of trpE are controlled. The attenuation mechanism that controls transcription in B. halodurans is similar to that in B. subtilis, but there are some differences in the predicted RNA secondary structures in the B. halodurans trp leader region, including the presence of a potential anti-antiterminator structure. Translation of trpG, which is within the folate operon in both bacilli, is regulated similarly in the two species.
Sphingolipid composition of human platelets.

Total lipid extracts from washed trypsinized human platelets were fractionated into neutral lipids, glycosphingolipids, and phosphclipids by silicic acid chromatography. The concentrations and chemical structures of the neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids were then studied in detail. On the basis of sugar molar ratios, studies of permethylation products, and the action of stereospecific glycosidases on the lipids, identifications were made of four neutral glycosphingolipids. Lactosylceramide was the most abundant type and accounted for 64% of the total neutral glycolipid mixture. The major fatty acids of the lactosylceramide were 20:0, 22:0, 24:0, and 24:1; the major long-chain base was 4-sphingenine. The platelets were surprisingly rich in a ceramide fraction, which represented 1.3% of the total platelet lipids. It had a different fatty acid composition than the neutral glycosphingolipid and ganglioside fractions. Hematoside was also isolated from the total lipid fraction of platelets; the neuraminic acid component was N-acetylneuraminic acid. Treatment of platelets with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or thrombin increased the yield of hematoside as compared with a control, while the level of ceramides was not changed. It was concluded that the platelets are similar to leukocytes, liver, and spleen in that lactosylceramide and hematoside are the principal neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids. The presence of a relatively high proportion of ceramide in platelets may be a unique characteristic of this cellular fraction of blood.
Painful sensory polyneuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance.

We examined records of 121 patients coded as idiopathic polyneuropathy, extracting neuropathy symptoms, electromyographic data, and diagnostic blood work. Of 89 patients screened for glucose handling, 28 demonstrated frank diabetes mellitus. Of the remaining 61 patients, 15 (25%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) by American Diabetes Association criteria (serum glucose 140--200 mg/dl 2 h after a 75-g glucose load). Excluding those with diabetes mellitus, 35% of patients with neuropathic pain had IGT, more than twice the prevalence found in large, unselected population studies. No other common etiology of polyneuropathy was identified. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test results were often abnormal, whereas fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c was normal. Bias due to referral pattern, body weight, or genetics might affect the comparison of our polyneuropathy cohort with a broader, population-based control. However, our results corroborate an association between IGT and painful sensory polyneuropathy and link these patients syndromically to the typical painful polyneuropathy of diabetes mellitus.
Management of bleeding and reversal strategies for oral anticoagulants: clinical practice considerations.

Purpose Currently available clinical data and optimal strategies for reversing oral anticoagulants in patients who are bleeding or need an urgent invasive procedure or operation are reviewed. Summary Bleeding from oral anticoagulants, including new target-specific oral agents (TSOAs), is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. Limited clinical data are available to guide the reversal of warfarin or TSOAs in patients who are bleeding or need an urgent invasive procedure or operation. A panel of five experts with diverse backgrounds in anticoagulation therapy, cardiology, critical care, and emergency medicine and with experience in managing complications of anticoagulation therapy was convened to develop practical strategies for managing patients receiving oral anticoagulants who are bleeding or have an urgent need for an invasive procedure. The strategies were designed to guide clinicians in the acute care setting by providing efficient and potentially effective management concepts to avoid delays in initiating treatment that could adversely affect patient outcomes. The consensus of this expert panel is summarized herein. Recommendations are based on currently available evidence from a comprehensive review of the literature and other pertinent data, along with the experience and expert opinion of the panelists. Conclusion Bleeding is a serious complication of the use of oral anticoagulants, and limited information is available to guide the reversal of warfarin or TSOAs in patients who are bleeding or are in need of an urgent invasive procedure. Use of a systematic approach to assessing and treating these patients based on available evidence and expert opinion can help avoid delays that could adversely affect patient outcomes.
Male financial consumption is associated with higher mating intentions and mating success.

Cross-culturally, male economic power is directly related to reproductive success. Displays of wealth and social status are an important part of human male mating effort. The degree of male financial consumption may be related to variance in life history strategies, as differences in life history patterns are fundamentally differences in the allocation of effort and/or resources. Males who have higher mating intentions may maximize their economic displays, saving little and even spending beyond their capacity through the use of credit. These men may seek and possibly obtain a greater number of sexual partners. This hypothesis was tested in a randomly selected community sample of men aged 18-45 included in a telephone health interview. The degree of financial consumption was directly related to future mating intentions and past mating success, even when accounting for age, years of education completed, and marital status. The degree of financial consumption was not related to future mating intentions or past mating success for women in the same sample.