cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A micro-radiochemical assay for α-1,4-glucosidase and its use in the assessment of type II glycogenosis (pompe's disease)

Abstract An assay for α-1,4-glucosidase (acid maltase) activity which is deficient in Pompe's disease is described. The assay can be used to measure the enzyme in cultured skin fibroblasts, cultured amniotic cells and peripheral blood leucocytes. [U-14C] Maltose is used as the substrate in a total assay volume of 8 μl. The product, [U-14C]glucose, is separated from the substrate by cellulose thinlayer chromatography. The procedure permits replicate assays from 400 μl whole blood and from amniotic cells in primary culture. Discrimination of the heterozygous Pompe state appears to be facilitated.
Whitman Naked?: A Response

Responds to Homer and Krieg as a part of a forum on Thomas Eakins' photographs purported to be of Whitman and presents further photographic support and a medical assessment by neurologist Antonio R. Damasio.
Using BGP in a Satellite-Based Challenged Network Environment

Once, satellites were considered an important option for creating global Internet access. However, for a period of time, satellites were supplanted by other ground-based technologies. More recently, satellites have been proposed as an integral component in highly dynamic challenged environments where large numbers of mobile devices connect through satellite-based terminals. Routing within groups of mobile devices is performed by one of the myriad of wireless routing protocols, but over the space/ground link, BGP is the protocol of choice. In this work, we conduct a high fidelity experimental study of link intermittency on the space/ground link and its effect on BGP peering sessions between ground and satellite routers. Our results show that a routing architecture that does not correctly adapt to the particular characteristics of satellite links performs very poorly. By contrast, a correctly tuned routing architecture can survive prolonged outages intermixed with short periods of link connectivity.
Examination of cross-talk between adjacent x-ray generator-detector systems

Numerous active landmines buried around the world have prompted work on various technologies for locating these mines. One promising technique directs a beam of x-rays into the ground, and detects the fraction scattered back. An image of the detected photons reveals the subsurface content. In this experiment, the effect of photon cross-talk between adjacent x-ray beam/photon detector systems was investigated. If feasible, multiple beam/detector systems would allow a single landmine detection system to survey the ground much faster. The results of the examination of the segmented detector system showed that this system is quite capable of producing very recognizable images of surface buried landmines, in spite of significant limitations imposed by the required setup of this particular experiment. Therefore, the segmented detector system is an option that should be strongly investigated in the development of a landmine detector system if there is a critical emphasis on speed.
Effects of steric strain on the bonding in zinc metallocenes: the structure of [(C3H7)4C5H]2Zn

Abstract Zinc diiodide reacts with the potassium salts of 1,2,4-tri and 1,2,3,4-tetra(isopropyl)cyclopentadiene to form the corresponding zinc metallocenes in high yield. Both compounds are highly air-sensitive, but [(C 3 H 7 ) 4 C 5 H] 2 Zn is isolated as a high-melting crystalline solid, whereas [(C 3 H 7 ) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 Zn is a waxy solid that melts just above room temperature. Like other structurally characterized zincocenes, [(C 3 H 7 ) 4 C 5 H] 2 Zn has an asymmetric “slipped-sandwich” structure with one η 1 - and one approximately η 5 -ring. The ZnC distance for the η 1 -ring of 2.223(4) A is the longest yet observed in a zincocene. The ZnC distances for the η 5 -ring cover a larger than usual range (0.52 A), and include the shortest ZnC ring bond reported in a cyclopentadienyl zinc complex (1.991(4) A). These extremes in structural values reflect the increased slippage of the rings in [(C 3 H 7 ) 4 C 5 H] 2 Zn, which is a consequence of the exceptional steric bulk of the [(C 3 H 7 ) 4 C 5 H] − anion. Variable temperature NMR data for [(C 3 H 7 ) 4 C 5 H] 2 Zn are consistent with the existence of an asymmetric structure in solution.
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS SUSPENSION CELL ASSAY USING IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND FLOW CYTOMETRY

We have developed a procedure for quantitative assay of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells in suspension in either latent or replicative phase using in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. The cells were hybridized with EBV-specific digoxigenin or biotin-labeled oligonucleotide probes, followed by binding to fluorescein-conjugated anti-digoxigenin or phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin, respectively. The cells hybridizing to the specific probes were quantitated by flow cytometry. A strong shift in fluorescence intensity (20-fold) was observed when the EBV-positive culture cells were hybridized with a specific EBER1 antisense probe. The sensitivity of the assay was at least one positive cell out of 9,000 beyond the normal control mean +/- 2 S.D. We performed two-color in situ hybridization/flow cytometry using probes to an EBV replication phase-specific mRNA and EBER1 on B95-8 cells in which a small portion (2-4%) of cells induce spontaneously into the replicative phase. In addition, we have developed a method for simultaneous analysis of the cell surface phenotype and EBV nucleic acid content in individual cells.
A Large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance of polar origin

Abstract Measured direction of arrival variations of 8 MHz signals along a path nearly parallel to the direction of travel of a large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance of polar origin are compared with those computed by ray tracing through an analytical model for the disturbance deduced from simultaneous ionospheric observations. The results of the comparison and the wide geographic extent of the disturbance suggest the feasibility of using remotely monitored observations of such disturbances.
The influence of crustal structure on compositions of subduction-related magmas

Abstract A survey of Sr isotopic ratios and other compositional features of subduction-related magma suites reveals significant correlations between these averaged parameters and characteristics of the underlying crust (i.e., thickness, composition, and age). These observations lead to the conclusion that crust and(or) mantle rocks in the hanging walls of subduction zones are involved in modification of primary mafic magmas (typically basalt or basaltic andesite). It is proposed that mafic magmas will stagnate within the crust or uppermost mantle where they may differentiate and react with wall rocks. The extent to which such processes manifest themselves will depend upon details of the local crustal structure. In particular, the composition and age of the crust will strongly influence such parameters as Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. Such data strongly indicate the involvement of crustal rocks in locales underlain by old sialic crust (e.g., central Andes). Depending upon the level of magma stagnation and evolution within the crust, different trends in isotopic composition may result. These isotopic trends may be enhanced by partial melting of the wall rocks to produce relatively silicic anatectic magmas, and locally they may reflect subduction of continental sediments. Interpretation of the isotopic data may be more ambiguous in locales underlain by younger and more mafic continental crust (Cascades, E Eleutians) and those underlain by oceanic crust owing to the similarity in isotopic composition of primary magmas and the latter crustal materials. Yet some degree of crustal involvement in magmatic evolution seems highly probable even in these more primitive terranes. Consequently, most island arc magmas, and especially those more evolved than basalt, are probably not primary in the sense that they do not represent direct melts of the upper mantle. Studies of arc volcanic rocks may yield misleading conclusions concerning processes of magma generation related to subduction unless evolutionary processes are defined and their effects considered. It appears that modern volcanic arcs provide a poor analog for models of early crustal development because the modern mantle-derived magmatic components are more mafic in composition than average continental crust.
Electron Interaction in Solids. The Nature of the Elementary Excitations

Possible elementary excitations in solids are studied with the aid of the general theoretical approach developed in the preceding papers of this series. Particular attention is paid to the basic theoretical justification for the individual-particle-like elementary excitations ("effective" electrons). It is concluded that good qualitative arguments may now be given for the existence of effective electrons in solids, but that a detailed quantitative deduction has yet to be made. The presence of an energy gap is shown to be a necessary condition for the existence of strong spatial correlations between minority carriers in solids (excitons, conduction electron plasmons in semiconductors, etc.) and the nature of such correlated minority electron excitations is discussed. The plasmon spectrum of various solids is discussed and compared with experiment.
Beginning Special Educators' Intent to Stay In Special Education: Why They Like It Here

This mixed methods study gathered information about the experiences of beginning special education teachers, their systems of support, and their intent to continue their careers in the field. Individual open-ended interviews were conducted with 8 first and second year special education teachers to obtain their perceptions of their first year of teaching. Participants also completed a 10-item Likert scale focusing on interactions in their work environments. Data revealed that beginning teachers appeared to be resourceful and resilient in advocating for their students and their programs and intend to remain connected to the field of education. Their major areas of frustration were related to the inclusion of students in general education classrooms and curriculum.
Strain and Strain Rate Measured on Echocardiogram 1-3 Weeks after Starting Treatment Is Worse in Acute Dilated Cardiomyopathy Pediatric Patients with Poor Outcomes at One Year.

Background Predicting later outcome around time of diagnosis of acute dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is difficult. We hypothesized that strain and strain rate on initial and follow-up echoes were worse in patients with acute DCM from all causes with poor one-year outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective study including all patients with DCM aged 0–18 years with left ventricle dilation, low ejection fraction, or low fractional shortening on initial echo. Longitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic and diastolic strain rate were measured on echo at presentation, 1–3 weeks after presentation, and at 1 year. Patients were separated into “Stable” (survivors) and “Progressive” (referred for transplant or died) outcome groups, and results were analyzed to determine whether strain or strain rate at each echo was worse in the “Stable” group compared with the “Progressive” group. Results The patient population included patients with DCM from idiopathic causes, myocarditis, iron deficiency anemia, lupus, chemotherapy, and LV noncompaction. Longitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic strain rate were significantly better in the “Stable” (n = 7) compared with the “Progressive” (n = 8) outcome group on 1- to 3-week echo. Longitudinal strain more negative than −10% had 87% specificity and 100% sensitivity for predicting “stable” outcome (AUC 0.98), while circumferential strain more negative than −8% had 60% specificity and 100% sensitivity (AUC 0.83). Conclusions Longitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic strain rate measured 1–3 weeks after starting therapy are worse in acute dilated cardiomyopathy patients with poor one-year outcomes. Further studies with less heterogeneity and more study subjects are needed.
CANCER AND DEPRESSION

The relationship between depression and cancer is characterized by myths that may consign the cancer patient to the inevitability of depression, or preclude the physician from taking the patient's depression seriously so that effective treatments are not pursued. A common reaction by the physician considering the possibility of depression in a cancer patient is to say, "of course the patient is depressed, who wouldn't be depressed?," and then discounting the importance of the depression or its treatment as being secondary to the ominous prognosis and risky treatment regimens the patient faces. This reaction is somewhat akin to seeing a diaphoretic patient in the emergency room who complains of crushing substernal chest pain, and saying, "Of course the patient is having a myocardial infarction. He smokes, is hypertensive, does not exercise, and has a high-fat diet. Who would not be having a myocardial infarction?," then walking out of the emergency room without offering assistance. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for understanding depression in the cancer patient, how it affects the course and prognosis of the primary cancer diagnosis, the difficulties in making a diagnosis of depression in the cancer patient, and how the treatment of depression in the cancer patient differs from usual approaches. This article addresses the following four issues: •The risk of depression in the cancer patient •The challenges in diagnosing depression in the cancer patient •Whether the presence of depression or its treatment can alter the course of cancer •The treatment objectives and approaches for depression in the cancer patient
Solvent-Assisted Patterning of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Selective Deposition of Virus Assemblies

We introduce a simple method to pattern electrostatic assemblies of viruses onto a polyelectrolyte multilayer. The increased mobility of weak polycation chains in the multilayer above a given thickness ensures the surface mobility of viruses required for spontaneous ordering of densely packed viruses atop polymeric patterns. To pattern the polyelectrolyte multilayer film, we employ a nonconventional patterning method known as solvent-assisted capillary molding for the first time on multilayer films, and demonstrate micrometer-scaled dense patterns of viruses, where the accessible feature size can be correlated by the length scale of virus and swelling property of underlying patterned polyelectrolyte multilayer. We further examine the ability to modify the top surfaces of these assemblies with biological ligands, which extends the applicability of patterned viruses to biological detection purposes. We expect that the present method described here can be generally applied to the patterning of other polyelectrolyte multilayers and combined with the ordered assembly of anisotropic nanomaterials such as polymeric nanotubes or inorganic nanowires for a broad range of applications.
SUPPRESSION OF MYELOPOIESIS IN THE SOFT AGAR CULTURE SYSTEM IN A PATIENT WITH PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA (PNH) AND APLASTIC ANEMIA (AA)

SUPPRESSION OF MYELOPOIESIS IN THE SOFT AGAR CULTURE SYSTEM IN A PATIENT WITH PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA (PNH) AND APLASTIC ANEMIA (AA)
Effects of substrate quality and orientation on the characteristics of III-nitride resonant tunneling diodes

Al(Ga)N/GaN resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) are grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The effects of material quality on room temperature negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviour of RTDs are investigated by growing the RTD structure on AlN, GaN, and lateral epitaxial overgrowth GaN templates. This reveals that NDR characteristics of RTDs are very sensitive to material quality (such as surface roughness and dislocations density). The effects of the aluminum content of AlGaN double barriers (DB) and polarization fields on NDR characteristic of AlGaN/GaN RTDs were also investigated by employing low dislocation density c-plane (polar) and m-plane (nonpolar) freestanding GaN substrates. Lower aluminum content in the DB RTD active layer and minimization of dislocations and polarization fields enabled a more reliable and reproducible NDR behaviour at room temperature.
Intelligence Levels and School Achievement of the white and the Colored Races in the United States

(1923). Intelligence Levels and School Achievement of the white and the Colored Races in the United States. The Pedagogical Seminary: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 69-86.
Improved hippocampal dose with reduced margin radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme.

Background: To dosimetrically evaluate the effect of reduced margin radiotherapy on hippocampal dose for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Methods: GBM patients enrolled on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0825 trial at our institution were identified. Standard RTOG 0825 expansions were 2 cm + 3-5 mm from the gross tumor volume (GTV) to the clinical tumor volume (CTV) and from the CTV to the planning tumor volume (PTV), respectively. These same patients also had reduced margin tumor volumes generated with 8 mm (GTV to CTV) + 3 mm (CTV to PTV) expansions. Individual plans were created for both standard and reduced margin structures. The dose-volume histograms were statistically compared with a paired, two-tailed Student’s t-test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: A total of 16 patients were enrolled on RTOG 0825. The reduced margins resulted in statistically significant reductions in hippocampal dose at all evaluated endpoints. The hippocampal Dmax was reduced from a mean of 61.4 Gy to 56.1 Gy (8.7%), D40% was reduced from 49.9 Gy to 36.5 Gy (26.9%), D60% was reduced from 32.7 Gy to 18.7 Gy (42.9%) and the D80% was reduced from 27.3 Gy to 15.3 Gy (44%). Conclusions: The use of reduced margin PTV expansions in the treatment of GBM patients results in significant reductions in hippocampal dose. Though the exact clinical benefit of this reduction is currently unclear, this study does provide support for a future prospective trial evaluating the neurocognitive benefits of reduced margin tumor volumes in the treatment of GBM patients.
An Integrative Model of Personality, Coping and Appraisal for the Prediction of Grief Involvement in Adults

This Study Contrasts Two Opposing Conceptualizations Of Personality's Effect Upon Grief: A Traditional Ego Psychology (Risk Factor) View And Lazarus And Folkman's Contextual Coping Model. The Eysen...
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Single-Crystal V2O5 Nanorod Arrays by Template-Based Electrodeposition

This paper reports a study on template-growth and electrochemical properties of single-crystal vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanorod arrays from VOSO4 aqueous solution using electrochemical deposition. Uniformly sized vanadium oxide nanorods with a length of about 10 μm with diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm were grown over a large area with near unidirectional alignment. These nanorods have single-crystalline structure with a growth direction of [010]. Electrochemical property analysis indicates that nanorod array electrodes have significantly higher current density and energy storage density than sol−gel-derived V2O5 films.
My Father's Name: A Black Virginia Family after the Civil War. By Lawrence P. Jackson. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2012. Pp. 216. $25.00.)

Lawrence P. Jackson has produced this study as a record of the search for his own ancestors. He was inspired to discover more about his background and history because he was about to have his own s...
Preserved spatial coding in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells during reversible suppression of CA3c output: evidence for pattern completion in hippocampus.

Medial septal modulation of hippocampal single-unit activity was examined by assessing the behavioral and physiological consequences of reversibly inactivating the medial septum via microinjection of a local anesthetic (tetracaine) in freely behaving rats trained to solve a working memory problem on a radial maze. Reversible septal inactivation resulted in a dramatic, but temporary (15–20 min), impairment in choice accuracy. In addition, movement-induced theta (theta) modulation of the hippocampal EEG was eliminated. Septal injection of tetracaine also produced a significant reduction in location-specific firing by hilar/CA3c complex-spike cells (about 50%), with no significant change in the place-specific firing properties of CA1 complex-spike units. The mean spontaneous rates of stratum granulosum and CA1 theta cells were temporarily reduced by about 50% following septal injection of tetracaine. Although there was a significant reduction in the activities of inhibitory interneurons (theta cells) in CA1, there was no loss of spatial selectivity in the CA1 pyramidal cell discharge patterns. We interpret these results as support for the proposal originally put forth by Marr (1969, 1971) that hippocampal circuits perform pattern completion on fragmentary input information as a result of a normalization operation carried out by inhibitory interneurons. A second major finding in this study was that location specific firing of CA1 cells can be maintained in the virtual absence of the hippocampal theta-rhythm.
Battery prognostics: SOC and SOH prediction

Battery applications (computer, cell phones or even in cars) have been extensively used in our daily life. The reasons for their success and extensive usage in the real world applications are their light weight, smaller sizes and greater energy densities. These unique characteristics render this class of battery an ideal candidate for powering electrical vehicles. However, due to lack of battery information, often time we will observe machine down time, operation malfunctioning, and even some catastrophic failure due to fast battery degradation and depletion. Thus, much of the attention has been focused on prognostics and health management of battery technologies for the stated purpose. In this paper, we will present two main algorithms that cannot only estimate a one-step-ahead prediction of the battery state but also can estimate the battery remaining useful life. The first method is the linear prediction error method. The second approach is the neural network algorithms. Both methods can predict the battery information accurately. However, particular algorithm specializes in different area of interest.
Cohomological Bousfield classes

In this paper, we begin the study of Bousfield classes for cohomology theories defined on spectra. Our main result is that a map f:X → Y induces an isomorphism on E(n)-cohomology if and only if it induces an isomorphism on E(n)-homology. We also prove this for variants of E(n) such as elliptic cohomology and real K-theory. We also show that there is a nontrivial map from a spectrum Z to the K(n)-local sphere if and only if K(n)∗(Z) ≠ 0.
Can Perspective-Taking Reduce Crime? Examining a Pathway Through Empathic-Concern and Guilt-Proneness

We describe and appraise a theoretical model in which individual differences in perspective-taking eventuate in crime reduction. Specifically, it is hypothesized that perspective-taking propensities influence the tendency to feel empathic-concern, thereby heightening proneness for guilt, which ultimately inhibits criminal behavior (perspective-taking → empathic-concern → guilt-proneness → crime desistance). Data from two sources were analyzed: (a) a cross-sectional college sample and (b) a longitudinal sample of jail inmates. Overall, results lend credence to this theoretical model: Perspective-taking propensities ultimately “put the brakes” on criminal behavior—via an emotional pathway of empathic-concern and then guilt-proneness. Discussion focuses on the nature of perspective-taking, its generative role for moral emotion and behavior, as well as potential applications for crime reduction.
Mechanics and Test Study of Two-Dimensional Flexible Membranes

Numerous enclosure wall systems as well as roof systems employ membranes that are not fully adhered, common examples being mechanically attached roofing membranes and housewraps in screen-type exterior wall systems. Under a negative air pressure differential, these membranes can deform or balloon. Ballooning of the membrane will affect many aspects of performance. For instance, it will change the volume of the air chamber in screen-type wall systems and will, therefore, affect both the extent of screen pressure moderation and the nature of ventilation within the wall. This paper develops the structural mechanics for flexible membranes ballooning in two dimensions under an air pressure differential. The governing differential equation is derived and solved numerically. A second-order parabola is assumed to describe the ballooning shape of the two-dimensional flexible membrane. Alternative theories for the ballooning shape are reviewed and compared. A series of physical tests were carried out to confirm the deformed shape and the magnitude of the peak deflection.
Lasing in Dye–Doped Photonic Liquid Crystal Devices

We have investigated the effects of pumping laser's polarization and incident angles, dye concentration, cell gap, and lasing wavelength on the lasing efficiency of the dye doped cholesteric liquid...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Promotes HIV trans-Infection and Suppresses Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Processing by Dendritic Cells

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading killer of HIV-infected individuals worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is responsible for up to 50% of HIV-related deaths. Infection by HIV predisposes individuals to M. tuberculosis infection, and coinfection accelerates the progression of both diseases. In contrast to most other opportunistic infections associated with HIV, an increased risk of M. tuberculosis infection occurs during early-stage HIV disease, long before CD4 T cell counts fall below critical levels. We hypothesized that M. tuberculosis infection contributes to HIV pathogenesis by interfering with dendritic cell (DC)-mediated immune control. DCs carry pathogens like M. tuberculosis and HIV from sites of infection into lymphoid tissues, where they process and present antigenic peptides to CD4 T cells. Paradoxically, DCs can also deliver infectious HIV to T cells without first becoming infected, a process known as trans-infection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated DCs sequester HIV in pocketlike membrane invaginations that remain open to the cell surface, and individual virions are delivered from the pocket into T cells at the site of contact during trans-infection. Here we report that M. tuberculosis exposure increases HIV trans-infection and induces viral sequestration within surface-accessible compartments identical to those seen in LPS-stimulated DCs. At the same time, M. tuberculosis dramatically decreases the degradative processing and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation of HIV antigens to CD4 T cells. Our data suggest that M. tuberculosis infection promotes a shift in the dynamic balance between antigen processing and intact virion presentation, favoring DC-mediated amplification of HIV infections.
Vitamin C and immunosuppression

Large daily doses of vitamin C resulted in severe lymphocytopenia in stressed mice. A characteristic biochemical expression of stress is an abrupt increase in adrenal corticosteroids in blood plasma which is always preceeded by a release of vitamin C by the adrenals. It is hypothesized that large doses of vitamin C maintain high levels of plasma corticosteroids which inturn may reduce the organism's immune response when stress is present.
The new role of the microchemostat in the bioengineering revolution

Since the inception of synthetic biology as a discipline, bioengineers have used the electronic circuit paradigm to analyze, model, simulate and interpret the behavior of genetic circuits. In this paper, we elaborate upon the effect of evolution as an overriding attribute of the biological systems, which makes genetic circuits inherently fickle compared to their electronic counterparts. Shrinking the volume of programmed microbial population reduces the effects of evolution. This concept was demonstrated by characterizing the dynamics of Escherichia coli cells carrying a synthetic “population control” circuit, which regulates cell density through a feedback mechanism based on quorum sensing. The microchemostat prolonged the lifetime of the programmed circuit by at least an order of magnitude compared macro-scale characterization schemes.
A novel spectral factorization method and its application in the design of filter banks and wavelets

One of the difficulties encountered in spectral factorization is achieving computational accuracy when computing a spectral factor whose zeros are on the unit circle and/or the order is high. An iterative approach is presented for computing the spectral factor accurately. It is shown that the new method performs well and can be used in the design of filter banks satisfying perfect reconstruction and orthonormal compactly supported wavelets. Design examples are included. >
CLARIFICATION OF THE TYPE LOCALITY OF DICERANDRA LINEARIFOLIA (LABIATAE)

Abstract The pine barrens in the fall-line sandhills of western Georgia can be accepted as the type locality for Ceranthera linearifolia as described by Stephen Elliott in his Sketch. This remote area between the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers became accessible in the early 1800s with the building of the Federal Road from Washington, D.C. through Georgia to Mobile, Alabama. Subsequently renamed Dicerandra linearifolia by George Bentham, this new mint genus was among several plants found and described by Elliott along the Federal Road. To establish the type locality, new field collections from the Georgia pine barrens were compared with Elliott's collections sent to Hooker and Schweinitz. A specimen at Kew (k) is designated as the lectotype for C. linearifolia and a new isolectotype is found at Geneva (g). A suite of characters, including strikingly linear leaves with strongly revolute margins, two-flowered cymes and generally unbranched stems, was common to both the types and the new collections from the ...
Context differences in delta beta coupling are associated with neuroendocrine reactivity in infants

Although evidence suggests that delta-beta coupling may provide a useful index of trait level cortico-subcortical cross talk in baseline contexts, there has been little work done to clarify the role of delta-beta coupling across contexts and in association with other physiological markers of emotion processing. We examined whether individual differences in coupling were visible across both positive and negative emotion-eliciting episodes during infancy (age 6 months). We also tested the convergence between measures of delta-beta coupling and neuroendocrine reactivity, which is also believed to index emotion processing. Patterns of coupling across emotion-eliciting episodes differed based on infants' levels of cortisol reactivity. Low cortisol-reactive infants largely did not show differences in coupling across emotion contexts while high cortisol-reactive infants showed greater coupling in non-fear contexts during baseline and fear episodes. Moreover, high cortisol-reactive infants showed greater coupling than low-reactive infants in non-positive episodes.
Structures and Electronic Properties of a Si55 Cluster on DFTB Calculations

The lowest-energy geometrical structures of a cluster containing 55 atoms were searched by using the Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB) combined with unbiased global optimization genetic algorithms (GAs) method. Two lowest-energy structures were obtained for the Si55 cluster with the appearance of “Y shape” and “like-spherical shape” configurations. The configuration dependence average energy, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular (HOMO-LUMO) gap, electron transfer and molecular dipole moment were also discussed in details for this cluster.
Hearing Problems in Schoolchildren

About 5 percent of school children do not hear well. This may retard them educationally and stunt their vocabulary. Yet hearing losses often go undetected. This article defines types of hearing losses, tells how to screen for them, and discusses hearing testing programs.
Collaborating tumor cells overcome multitargeted antiangiogenic therapies

Angiogenesis, the process by which tumors stimulate the growth of new blood vessels to supply necessary oxygen and nutrients for growth, is a hallmark of cancer whose inhibition has the potential to result in tumor starvation and death. The discovery that signaling through the vascular endothelial
Infant breast-feeding and childhood caries: a nine-year study.

Purpose This study's purpose was to assess the association between infant breast-feeding and caries experience of primary second molars in a nine-year longitudinal cohort study. Methods Study sample was 509 subjects recruited at birth. Information about breast-feeding duration and other factors was collected through parents' responses to periodic questionnaires. Primary teeth were examined for dental caries at five years old and nine years old by calibrated dentist examiners. Caries experience (yes/no) and number of decayed and/or filled surfaces (dfs) were determined for five- and nine-year-olds. Results For primary second molars at five years old, 18 percent of children who were breast-fed less than six months had caries (mean dfs=0.55) while only 9 percent of children who were breast-fed at least six months had caries (mean dfs=0.33). From five to nine years old, caries incidence was 32 percent and 31 percent, respectively, for children breast-fed less than six months and at least six months. In multivariable regression analyses, shorter breast-feeding duration was positively associated with caries experience of primary second molars at five years old (P=.005), both before and after controlling for other important factors. Conclusions Shorter duration of breast-feeding is suggested to be associated with increased risk for early childhood caries, but its impact might diminish with age.
Abstract IA04: Multifaceted functions of the PD-1 pathway

The PD-1 co-inhibitory pathway is a key regulator of the critical balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signals needed for effective immune responses to microbes and tumors, as well self-tolerance. This pathway consists of the inhibitory Programmed Death (PD)-1 receptor and its two ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1; CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC; CD273). PD-1 is inducibly expressed on T cells, and its ligands have distinct expression patterns. PD-L1 is broadly expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, whereas PD-L2 is inducibly expressed primarily on DCs and macrophages. In this talk, mechanisms by which the PD-1:PD-L pathway regulates optimal immune homeostasis and tolerance will be discussed. In addition, the functions of PD-1 pathway in controlling humoral immune responses will be discussed, and compared to the functions of CTLA-4 in regulating humoral immunity. Citation Format: Arlene H. Sharpe. Multifaceted functions of the PD-1 pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
Assessing suspected spinal cord compression: a multidisciplinary outcomes analysis of 342 episodes.

The object of this work was to evaluate the assessment and document the outcomes of cancer patients with suspected spinal cord compression (SCC). In a retrospective cohort study of 342 episodes of suspected SCC in cancer patients evaluated by computed tomography (CT) of the spine, a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, radiologists, and oncologists assessed the impact of varying the anatomical criterion for SCC and including new SCC diagnosed shortly after definitive radiographical imaging. We developed a logistic regression model to identify independent clinical predictors of SCC, including the natural history of the underlying cancer as well as neurological and radiological risk factors. Management of suspected SCC infrequently involved neurology consultation (21% of episodes). The frequency of SCC increased more than four-fold when the definition was expanded to include epidural cancer rather than spinal cord displacement only (36% vs 8%), and 90-day clinical follow-up identified few new lesions not evident on definitive imaging studies. Clinical information about the course of cancer (documentation and duration of metastatic cancer) added independent predictive information to that yielded by neurological assessment and prior imaging studies in a multiple regression model. The a priori predicted risk of SCC, which ranged from 4% to 87% in this study, may vary enough to affect treatment strategies, although our population may have excluded very-low-risk patients. Consistent anatomical definitions of SCC, clinical follow-up of definitive imaging studies and the addition of information on the natural history of cancer to traditional neurological and radiographical evaluation may all improve clinical assessment of suspected SCC in cancer patients.
The Web-Based DNA Vaccine Database DNAVaxDB and Its Usage for Rational DNA Vaccine Design

A DNA vaccine is a vaccine that uses a mammalian expression vector to express one or more protein antigens and is administered in vivo to induce an adaptive immune response. Since the 1990s, a significant amount of research has been performed on DNA vaccines and the mechanisms behind them. To meet the needs of the DNA vaccine research community, we created DNAVaxDB ( http://www.violinet.org/dnavaxdb ), the first Web-based database and analysis resource of experimentally verified DNA vaccines. All the data in DNAVaxDB, which includes plasmids, antigens, vaccines, and sources, is manually curated and experimentally verified. This chapter goes over the detail of DNAVaxDB system and shows how the DNA vaccine database, combined with the Vaxign vaccine design tool, can be used for rational design of a DNA vaccine against a pathogen, such as Mycobacterium bovis.
Toward a Common Standard for Aid Transparency: Discourses of Global Citizenship Surrounding the BRICS

The impact of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and other emerging economies on the field of international development has seen traditional donor nations wrestle with fundamental shifts in the geometry and makeup of the donor community. This has resulted in asymmetrical power relations in organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) finding new modes of expression, as the one-way flows of cultural imperialism have given way to the multidirectional uncertainties of globalization. We question how the traditional aid donor community has taken this new geometry into account using discourses surrounding South-South cooperation as a focal point for analysis. The analysis engages with evolving discourses of indifference, skepticism, fear, integration, and conciliation, revealing complex tensions between the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee membership, BRICS, and the motivations for aid effectiveness debates.
IBM Slovenija in e-izobraževanje - Primeri dobre prakse

IBM Slovenija je del globalne korporacije IBM, ki je navzoca v vec kot 170 državah. Ukvarja se z informacijsko tehnologijo in je na tem podrocju ena vodilnih na svetu. Zaposluje približno 400 tisoc ljudi. IBM že nekaj let ustvarja in sledi globalne trende na podrocju IT – to so storitve v oblaku, digitalizacija, internet stvari, kognitivni sistemi in podobno. Da lahko zaposleni sledijo tem trendom, je IBM oblikoval platformo e-izobraževanj, ki dopolnjuje klasicna izobraževanja. Ker so strokovnjaki z dolocenih podrocij razprseni po vsem svetu, je e-izobraževanje prirocna oblika, kako doseci izobraževalne ucinke brez dolgih potovanj in odsotnosti. Izobraževanje je v IBM zelo pomembno – poudarjeno je na kadrovski ravni in ravni osebnih ciljev. Redno spremljanje trendov ter dodatno izobraževanje in usposabljanje so del vsakdana vsakega IBM-ovca v vseh državah po svetu in to velja tudi za Slovenijo. To IBM Slovenija dokazuje tudi z že veckratnim prejemom priznanja TOP 10 Izobraževalni management, ki ga podeljujeta Planet GV in Institut SOFOS.
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a parturient presenting for cesarean delivery

• RRP is a HPV mediated disease that can spread to the respiratory tract via the vaginal canal.
Constructing Graceful Graphs with Caterpillars

A graceful labeling of a graph G of size n is an injective assignment of integers from {0, 1,..., n} to the vertices of G, such that when each edge of G has assigned a weight, given by the absolute di erence of the labels of its end vertices, the set of weights is {1, 2,..., n}. If a graceful labeling f of a bipartite graph G assigns the smaller labels to one of the two stable sets of G, then f is called an -labeling and G is said to be an α-graph. A tree is a caterpillar if the deletion of all its leaves results in a path. In this work we study graceful labelings of the disjoint union of a cycle and a caterpillar. We present necessary conditions for this union to be graceful and, in the case where the cycle has even size, to be an α -graph. In addition, we present a new family of graceful trees constructed using α-labeled caterpillars.
Mutation in flrA and mshA Genes of Vibrio cholerae Inversely Involved in vps-Independent Biofilm Driving Bacterium Toward Nutrients in Lake Water.

Many bacterial pathogens promote biofilms that confer resistance against stressful survival conditions. Likewise Vibrio cholerae O1, the causative agent of cholera, and ubiquitous in aquatic environments, produces vps-dependent biofilm conferring resistance to environmental stressors and predators. Here we show that a 49-bp deletion mutation in the flrA gene of V. cholerae N16961S strain resulted in promotion of vps-independent biofilm in filter sterilized lake water (FSLW), but not in nutrient-rich L-broth. Complementation of flrA mutant with the wild-type flrA gene inhibited vps-independent biofilm formation. Our data demonstrate that mutation in the flrA gene positively contributed to vps-independent biofilm production in FSLW. Furthermore, inactivation of mshA gene, encoding the main pilin of mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA pilus) in the background of a ∆flrA mutant, inhibited vps-independent biofilm formation. Complementation of ∆flrA∆mshA double mutant with wild-type mshA gene restored biofilm formation, suggesting that mshA mutation inhibited ∆flrA-driven biofilm. Taken together, our data suggest that V. cholerae flrA and mshA act inversely in promoting vps-independent biofilm formation in FSLW. Using a standard chemotactic assay, we demonstrated that vps-independent biofilm of V. cholerae, in contrast to vps-dependent biofilm, promoted bacterial movement toward chitin and phosphate in FSLW. A ∆flrA∆mshA double mutant inhibited the bacterium from moving toward nutrients; this phenomenon was reversed with reverted mutants (complemented with wild-type mshA gene). Movement to nutrients was blocked by mutation in a key chemotaxis gene, cheY-3, although, cheY-3 had no effect on vps-independent biofilm. We propose that in fresh water reservoirs, V. cholerae, on repression of flagella, enhances vps-independent biofilm that aids the bacterium in acquiring nutrients, including chitin and phosphate; by doing so, the microorganism enhances its ability to persist under nutrient-limited conditions.
Integration of physically-based and data-driven approaches for thermal field prediction in additive manufacturing

Abstract A quantitative understanding of thermal field evolution is vital for quality control in additive manufacturing (AM). Because of the unknown material parameters, high computational costs, and imperfect understanding of the underlying science, physically-based approaches alone are insufficient for component-scale thermal field prediction. Here, we present a new framework that integrates physically-based and data-driven approaches with quasi in situ thermal imaging to address this problem. The framework consists of (i) thermal modeling using 3D finite element analysis (FEA), (ii) surrogate modeling using functional Gaussian process, and (iii) Bayesian calibration based on the thermal imaging data. According to heat transfer laws, we first investigate the transient thermal behavior during AM using 3D FEA. A functional Gaussian process-based surrogate model is then constructed to reduce the computational costs from the high-fidelity, physically-based model. We finally employ a Bayesian calibration method, which compares the surrogate modeling results and thermal measurements, to enable layer-to-layer thermal field prediction across the whole component. A case study on fused deposition modeling is conducted for components with 7 to 16 layers. The cross-validation results show that the proposed framework allows for accurate and fast thermal field prediction for components with different process settings and geometric designs.
Neuropsychological late effects of radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors

Advances in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors have led to an overall increase in survival rates, which in turn has led to increased identification of physical, cognitive, academic/vocational, and socioemotional sequelae among survivors. Research to date has shown radiotherapy to account for a significant amount of variance in neurocognitive outcomes. However, other predisposing factors have also been identified, and research into the relative role of the direct and indirect effects of medical, child-specific, and broader contextual/environmental factors on outcomes in this population is needed. This chapter describes our current knowledge of neuropsychological and associated functional outcomes among survivors of pediatric brain tumor as well as the current literature on associated predisposing factors, pathophysiology, and evidence-based interventions for remediation and prevention. Methodological issues are also discussed in order to provide context for understanding limitations of current findings and to identify important future directions.
Hands On - A New Work from SLABS Controller and Generative Algorithms

Hands On uses two arrays of pressure sensitive touch pads, one with 32 pads and another with 24. These arrays send x, y, and pressure values from all the sensors — 96 values for the 32 pad interface and 72 values for the 24 pad interface — as audio rate data. This high-rate audio-sample-synchronous transmission to the host provides for a high degree of control intimacy. A variety of mappings are used between the gesture data and the generative algorithms written in Max/MSP. Examples include massive oscillator bank synthesis, granular synthesis, physical modeling synthesis, and a variety of control structures for rhythm. In Hands On the act of composition is shifted from the sequencing of musical events towards the design of the mappings, the generative algorithms, and the overall organization of the musical material. The performance itself is the result of many hours of interactive exploration and practice with the instrument. The pressure measurements from each of the pads are mapped to dynamics allowing direct control of this important dimension for musical expression. In general, if my hands are not on the interface the instrument is silent.
Lectures on the Relativistic String

The purpose of these lectures is to present a survey of some recent work on the relativistic string, especially as carried out at Syracuse University.1–9. There, the primary objective has been to provide a consistent treatment of this apparently very simple physical system, devoid of invariance difficulties, occurrences of tachyonic states, etc. that have been encountered by other research groups in the past. It was felt that only after these problems are resolved can one seriously consider hadronic models of quarks bound together by strings. The latter goal is encouraged by the strong-coupling limits of various field theories which lead to geometrical confinement of quarks, i.e. to their restriction into strings, bubbles, or bags.