cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tetrahedral and Octahedral Site Occupancy and Optic Mode Vibrations Mode Vibrations of Hydrogen in Yttrium

The yttrium-hydrogen system exhibits both tetrahedral and octahedral site occupancy prior to reaching the dihydride concentration. Using the WNR pulsed neutron source at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, temperature dependence studies from 15K to 275K of the optic modes of YH1.99 were made by inelastic incoherent neutron scattering. Room temperature neutron powder diffraction patterns were also taken. The powder data yielded a cell parameter for YH 1.99 of 5.2021 ± 0.0004A and the occupation numbers of tetrahedral and octahedral sites were 1.95 ± 0.08 and 0.05 ± 0.02, respectively. The inelastic scattering data clearly showed the vibrational components due to tetrahedral and octahedral protons and a two peaked structure for the fundamental tetrahedral vibration. Several higher harmonics of the tetrahedral peak and one harmonic of the octahedral were evident. The observed energies are 117 and 127 meV for the tetrahedral site split fundamental and 81 meV for the octahedral site. The higher harmonics were a few percent lower than the expected harmonic value. The occupation fractions obtained from the elastic and inelastic scattering were compared to a model which predicts occupation factors as a function of temperature.
Conservation Genetics of Jacquemontia reclinata (Convolvulaceae), an Endangered Species from Southern Florida: Implications for Restoration Management

Guidelines designed to aid in the restoration of rare species have been previously proposed using two primary strategies to select individuals for augmentation and reintroduction: mixing progeny from different populations or separating individuals from different populations. Understanding the genetic structure and diversity of an endangered species can offer insights into conservation management strategies. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA markers to assess the genetic structure and diversity of Jacquemontia reclinata, a federally endangered species endemic to Southeastern Florida. We sampled 20 percent of total number of individuals from eight of the ten known wild populations. Across individuals high levels of polymorphic loci (94.7%) were found and larger populations had greater genetic diversity. Cluster and ordination analyses found that one population was genetically differentiated from all the others; this population grows in a unique habitat. Most genetic variation (77.5%) was found within populations, and genetic distances between populations were not explained by their geographic distances. We recommend the use of two management units in restoration programs for J reclinata, one consisting of the genetically differentiated population and the second consisting of the other seven populations sampled.
Contribution of chlorophyll to photooxidation of soybean oil at specific visible wavelengths of light.

Photosensitizers in foods and beverages are important considerations when selecting packaging materials. Chlorophyll is found at low concentrations in many food products. The objective of this study was to determine the photosensitizing effect of chlorophyll on soybean oil (SO) using broad-spectrum light and 3 visible wavelength regions of light. SO with added chlorophyll (0, 1, or 2 μg chlorophyll added/mL SO) was exposed to 5 light conditions, using a photochemical reactor (10 °C; 4 h). Light treatments included broad-spectrum (BS; no filter; 157.6 ± 4.7 mW intensity), 430 nm (10 nm; 1.8 ± 0.7 mW), and 660 nm (10 nm; 0.332 ± 0.05 mW) wavelengths compared to a no-light control. Chlorophyll a (but not b) absorbs light in the selected visible wavelength regions. Chlorophyll degradation was evaluated. Oxidative changes in SO were assessed by peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay, which measures malondialdehyde (MDA). Chlorophyll was completely degraded at BS and 430 nm conditions and degraded to 36% of original concentration at 660 nm wavelength. PV and MDA concentration significantly increased with chlorophyll addition (1 μg/mL) at BS and 430 nm wavelengths compared to no-light control. Lower light intensity at 660 nm initiated oxidation reactions as measured by PV, but not significantly. There were differences in PV (BS, 430 nm) and TBARS (BS) between the no-light and light-exposed SO without chlorophyll added. There was very little effect at 450 nm. This study suggests that broad-spectrum light and at least light wavelengths at or near 430 nm and 660 nm excite chlorophyll, resulting in initiation of oxidation reactions. Packaging material selection for foods and beverages should consider blocking excitation wavelengths of photosensitizing molecules, including chlorophyll, to protect product quality. Practical Application Chlorophyll, which is found in low concentration in many foods, is responsive to light. This study demonstrates that chlorophyll can initiate photooxidation of food matrices that contain polyunsaturated fatty acids and that foods containing even small amounts of chlorophyll must be protected from visible wavelengths of light, particularly 430 nm and 660 nm. Manufacturers of foods that contain chlorophyll should consider this information when selecting appropriate packaging.
Development of hexachlorobenzene-dechlorinating mixed cultures using polysorbate surfactants as a carbon source.

The use of three nonionic polysorbate surfactants – Tween 60, 61 or 65 – as the sole carbon source to sustain methanogenesis and dechlorination, as well as the effect of long-term exposure of enriched cultures to these surfactants, was investigated through the development of three sediment-derived cultures. Over a one-year period, the carbon source in these cultures was gradually switched from glucose and methanol to surfactant only, while the surfactant concentration was increased from an initial concentration of 100 mg/L to 400 mg/L. In each feeding cycle, the surfactants were partially degraded and converted to methane. Transition from glucose to Tween surfactants as the electron donor did not affect the rate, extent, and pathway of HCB transformation. These surfactants sustained the reductive dechlorination of HCB even after one year of continuous addition to the enriched cultures. This study demonstrated that reductive dechlorination of HCB sustained by the fermentation of Tween surfactants is feasible. The results support the use of anaerobically degradable Tween surfactants for the biotransformation of polychlorinated organic compounds. In principle, these surfactants could be used to simultaneously increase the bioavailability of subsurface contaminants while serving as the carbon and electron source for microbial reductive dechlorination.
A novel electrically tuned all-fiber comb filter

We demonstrated an all-fiber comb filter having an extinction ratio of /spl sim/20 dB using a two-mode fiber. Full free spectral range wavelength tuning is achieved using a thin film micro-heater directly deposited on the fiber.
Consumer attitudes toward organic foods: An exploration of U.S. market segments

Purpose – This study explores U.S. consumer attitudes toward organic foods in order to demonstrate that multiple and meaningful segments can be identified based on attitudes and beliefs rather than demographics and that a more targeted marketing strategy could likely create a better fit with consumer wants and needs. Methodology – Q-methodology is employed, in part to demonstrate its usefulness for segmentation purposes. Findings – Six meaningful segments of consumers are generated based on attitudes toward organic foods: Health Enthusiasts, Organic Idealists, Hoban's Hogwashers, Unengaged Shoppers, Bargain Shoppers, and Cynical/Distrustfuls. These groups vary in attitudes toward organic food, and despite conventional wisdom, exhibit a reasonable match between attitude and purchase behavior. Segments are also generated for viewpoints toward conventionally grown foods, revealing that consumers do not simply hold binary positions (pro-organic, anticonventional), but instead consider each food type on its respective merits. Positioning and media choice strategies are considered for each organic food segment. Originality – This chapter distinguishes between different types of consumers of organic food by using Q-methodology, with the result being a rich, detailed description of the values and preferences of each group. With these descriptions, the organic food industry can better align its marketing efforts with the priorities of individual consumer groups, rather than their simplistic demographics as are commonly utilized. The chapter also offers a unique perspective on the attitude–behavior gap, revealing that when the attitude is understood in greater detail, the gap appears to disappear.
In memoriam: Pierre Bourdieu 1930–2002

A travers un survol de sa carriere intellectuelle et de son oeuvre, cet article rend hommage a Pierre Bourdieu, decede en 2002. Il met l'accent sur la portee politique du travail de Bourdieu, dimension qui s'est manifestee a travers ses multiples engagements publics
Collision avoidance for quadrotor UAVs transporting a payload via Voronoi tessellation

This paper is focused on the formation planning and control of an arbitrary number of quadrotors transporting a cable-suspended payload. A payload that is modeled as a point mass is connected to quadrotors via rigid links, and a desired trajectory of the payload is prescribed. Assuming that the location and shape of obstacles are available, the desired formation of quadrotors relative to the payload is constructed to avoid collision with the obstacles, via the centroidal Voronoi tessellation. Then, these are integrated with a geometric tracking control system. A numerical example illustrates that quadrotors transports a payload along a desired trajectory, while flying through a narrow gap between obstacles to avoid a collision.
Are Range of Motion Measurements Needed When Calculating the Harris Hip Score

Abstract Background Often the patient-reported outcome (PRO) component of the Harris Hip Score (HHS) is completed, but the physician-assessed range of motion (ROM) component is not. The PRO component only is called a modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). The purpose of this study was to determine if a statistically significant or clinically meaningful difference existed when calculating the HHS with and without the physician-reported ROM portion. Methods Included patients had complete HHS data (both physician and PRO components). Surgical procedure (primary or revision) was recorded for each subject. American Society of Anesthesiologists score was divided into low and high groups. Body mass index was divided into 4 categories. The study used a repeated measures design. Results Data on 483 patients were collected between 12 and 60 months postoperatively (mean follow-up: 32.5 months, mean age: 55.9 ± 13.5 years). A mean difference of 4 points existed between the 2 groups: HHS group average score was 84.56 ± 13.18, and mHHS group average score was 88.74 ± 13.77. American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, and surgical type demonstrated a significant interaction with the HHS calculation method ( P Conclusion No clinically meaningful difference in outcomes was found between the mHHS and the HHS. The calculation of the HHS is dependent on the inclusion of the ROM measurement. However, the small point difference between the HHS and mHHS indicates that the mHHS is still useful as an accurate determinant of patient clinical outcome, and ROM assessment is not essential.
Refactoring using type constraints

Type constraints express subtype-relationships between the types of program expressions that are required for type-correctness, and were originally proposed as a convenient framework for solving type checking and type inference problems. In this paper, we show how type constraints can be used as the basis for practical refactoring tools. In our approach, a set of type constraints is derived from a type-correct program P. The main insight behind our work is the fact that P constitutes just one solution to this constraint system, and that alternative solutions may exist that correspond to refactored versions of P. We show how a number of refactorings for manipulating types and class hierarchies can be expressed naturally using type constraints. Several refactorings in the standard distribution of Eclipse are based on our results.
Interpretation of monovalent and divalent cation effects on the lac repressor-operator interaction.

We have investigated the effects of mixed Na+: Mg2+ ionic solutions on the stability of the nonspecific lac repressor-DNA complex. The effects of Mg2+ are simply interpreted in terms of its role as a competitor (with repressor) for DNA sites. From these studies, the binding constant of the Mg-DNA complex can be determined as a function of the concentration of Na+. We have used this information to interpret the data of Riggs and collaborators (Riggs, A.D., et al. (1970), J. Mol. Biol. 48, 67-83; 53, 401-417) on the ion dependence of the repressor-operator interaction. We find that there are approximately 70% as many ionic interactions in the repressor-operator complex as in the nonspecific complex. Our best estimate is that 8 +/- 1 ion pairs are formed. We calculate that the release of counterions in the formation of the specific complex contributes approximately 40% of the favorable free energy change in the association reaction under in vivo ionic conditions. Implications of these findings for the control of the lac operon and for the molecular relationship between the specific and nonspecific complexes are considered.
Sensitivity of anomalous change detection to small misregistration errors

Arguably the single greatest confound for change detection algorithms is the misregistration of the two images in which changes are being sought. On the other hand, since the effects of misregistration are exhibited over the entire image, there is reason to hope that algorithms which are designed to deal with pervasive effects (such as illumination differences in the scene, or calibration drifts in the sensor) will be less sensitive to the inevitable misregistration errors that occur when comparing two images. This work will describe some controlled experiments in which change detection performance is evaluated as a function of how misregistered the images are. The performance is observed to degrade quite rapidly with the amount of misregistration (so that any practical system for automated change detection will require accurate image registration), but algorithms that are more adaptive to pervasive differences are less sensitive to the effect of misregistration.
Diagnosis and prognosis in complete denture prosthesis

Abstract A successful restoration does not just happen—it is planned! The importance of a thorough diagnosis which enables us to make a realistic prognosis is stressed. These data aid us in outlining the treatment that is best suited for the individual patient, i.e., we plan success. A step-by-step outline which may be used to obtain this vital information has been suggested.
Participation in the U.S. RDA Test Program Helped Transform Work Habits at George Washington University Libraries

This article shares the growing pains that the George Washington University Libraries Resource Description Group staff experienced when they participated in the U.S. Resource Description and Access (RDA) Test Program. The steep learning curve that was required to apply RDA in order to meet the requirements of the test presented challenges for the trainers as well as the staff. Satisfaction finally came during a Webinar when they overcame and gained a greater confidence in their ability in adapting themselves to the sweeping changes in the world of metadata by being part of the history-making RDA Test program. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Cataloging & Classification Quarterly for the following free supplemental resources: RDA terminology quiz and RDA training exercise]
Neutron absorption measurements using converging beams – increased reaction rate

Abstract Focusing lenses using neutron reflection optics may considerably increase the neutron beam current density over a small area. The technique enables neutron absorption measurements to be taken with higher sensitivity, greater spatial resolution and lower background. Experimental concerns associated with the beam converging onto the sample are considered and compared to those for a quasi-parallel beam. In particular, we show the connection between the interaction rates for the parallel beam and the isotropic field.
Specification of Asphalt Concrete Using Total Quality Management Principles

The application of total quality management principles to asphalt concrete specifications is discussed. Specifications from 16 states are reviewed, and their attributes are critiqued. Verification procedures, statistical compliance measures, tolerance limits, lot definition, point of acceptance, density determination, and pay adjustment methods are recommended. The innovative concepts of contractor rating systems and warranties are examined briefly.
Spouse ratings of quality of life in patients with metastatic prostate cancer of lower socioeconomic status: an assessment of feasibility, reliability, and validity.

Abstract Objectives. To examine the reliability and validity of spousal assessments by evaluating the collateral quality-of-life (QOL) ratings of patients of lower socioeconomic status with metastatic prostate cancer because collateral ratings provide supplemental information when advanced cancer limits patient self-report. Methods. Patients with Stage D2 prostate cancer (n = 36) of lower socioeconomic status completed validated QOL instruments (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life-30, and Quality of Life Index). Spouses completed a modified FACT-G, and physicians rated performance status using Karnofsky’s scale. Results. The internal consistency reliability was moderate to high for patient ratings on all FACT-G subscales and for spousal ratings on the modified FACT-G physical, functional, and emotional subscales. The spouses’ ratings of the patients on the social and doctor relationship subscales were below the accepted criterion for a measure’s use in group comparisons. The comparisons of the mean values of the FACT-G revealed agreement between patients and spouses, except that the spouses rated the patients as having poorer emotional function than did the patients. The intraclass correlations were moderate to high for the functional and emotional subscales and were low, but significant, for the physical and social subscales. The patient and spouse FACT-G ratings correlated with the patient ratings and physician ratings across the instruments for the functional and physical domains ( r = 0.48 to 0.77, for patients; r = 0.31 to 0.70, for spouses), with less consistent relationships for the social and emotional domains. Conclusions. The collateral QOL assessments from spouses are potentially useful in assessing the functional status in patients of lower socioeconomic status with metastatic prostate cancer. For subjective domains, such as the social domain, direct patient assessments are needed.
Thermodynamics of allosteric transitions

Abstract A new thermodynamic description of allosteric transitions in enzymes is introduced. Distinguished from previous approaches, the new method accounts for the effect of temperature on ligand binding affinities as well as the effect of ligand concentration. When applied to hemoglobin, the method yields a generalized Hill equation. It reproduces the well known Hill equation when the oxygenation is neither too high nor too low, and it predicts two aspects of the temperature effect on oxygenation: (1) the shape of a Hill plot is invariant under temperature change, and (2) for a given degree of oxygenation, the oxygen activity is linearly dependent on temperature. The predictions are born out by experiment.
Fast, super resolution imaging via Bessel-beam stimulated emission depletion microscopy

A substantial advantage of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy over other super-resolution methods is that images can be acquired in real-time without any post-processing. However imaging speed and photodamage are two major concerns for STED imaging of whole cells. Here we propose a new microscopy method we have termed Bessel-Beam STED (or BB-STED) that overcomes both of these limitations of conventional STED microscopy. In the proposed method, rather than exciting a single STED spot in the sample, an entire line of the sample is illuminated. This line-scanning technique dramatically increases the speed of STED. In addition, plane-illumination by scanning of the line across the focal plane of a detection objective limits the light to a thin layer of the sample and thus significantly reduces photobleaching and photodamage above and below the focal plane compared to epi-illumination. Using the organic dye Atto647N as an example, we calculated the STED power required to break the diffraction limit. The results presented here will be used to guide future experimental designs.
Evidence for a specific phylogenetic relationship between the methanogens Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus and Methanothermus fervidus, and the sulfur respiring Thermoproteus tenax

Summary Using three dimensional ribosome structure as a probe of evolutionary relationships, we have investigated the relationship between the methanogens and the sulfur dependent archaebacteria or eocytes. Specifically, we show that the large ribosomal subunit structures of Thermoproteus tenax, Methanothermus fervidus and Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus are closely related. We interpret this (rotting the tree with the data of others) to suggest that the methanogens are derived from a sulfur dependent organism that had ribosomes of the Thermoproteus tenax type.
Bovine T cell responses to Cryptosporidium parvum infection

To better understand the immune mechanisms important for clearing of the primary infection and the subsequent development of resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection, several groups have recently characterised changes within the lymphoid cell population of the intestinal mucosa and associated lymphoid tissue in calves with cryptosporidiosis. In naive animals, infection results in a significant increase in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells present within the intraepithelial lymphocyte population, lamina propria and Peyer's patch of the ileum. This is accompanied by a rapid and transient increase in the number of gamma/delta T cells present within the intestinal villi. In response to a challenge infection in immune calves, there is a substantial increase in the number of CD4+ T cells present in the Peyer's patch of the ileum and a specific localization of CD8+ T cells to the epithelium of the intestinal villi. Together, these data demonstrate that C, parvum elicits a strong cell-mediated response following both primary and secondary infections in calves, and that CD8+ T cells may play an important role in the bovine immune response to C. parvum infection.
Three-dimensional object reconstruction from two-dimensional images

In order to construct a 3D model from a collection of 2D images of an object, an energy function is defined between the object's images and corresponding images of an articulated mesh in three dimensions. Repeated adjustment of the mesh to minimize the energy function results in a mesh that produces images which closely approximate the input images, that is to say that under the appropriate conditions it realizes a preconceived object. It has implications for model building, reverse engineering and computer vision. Minimization of the energy function is a multivariate problem of large scale with many local minima. We give an approach for solving this problem. For certain restricted, but useful applications, intuitive solutions to the minimization are consistently obtained.
MyD88 dependence of beryllium-induced dendritic cell trafficking and CD4 + T-cell priming

Beryllium exposure results in beryllium hypersensitivity in a subset of exposed individuals, leading to granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. In addition to its antigenic properties, beryllium has potent adjuvant activity that contributes to sensitization via unknown pathways. Here we show that beryllium induces cellular death and release of interleukin (IL)-1α and DNA into the lung. Release of IL-1α was inflammasome independent and required for beryllium-induced neutrophil recruitment into the lung. Beryllium enhanced classical dendritic cell (cDC) migration from the lung to draining lymph nodes (LNs) in an IL-1R-independent manner, and the accumulation of activated cDCs in the LN was associated with increased priming of CD4+ T cells. DC migration was reduced in Toll-like receptor 9 knockout (TLR9KO) mice; however, cDCs in the LNs of TLR9-deficient mice were highly activated, suggesting a role for more than one innate receptor in the effects on DCs. The adjuvant effects of beryllium on CD4+ T-cell priming were similar in wild-type, IL-1R-, caspase-1-, TLR2-, TLR4-, TLR7-, and TLR9-deficient mice. In contrast, DC migration, activation, and the adjuvant effects of beryllium were significantly reduced in myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 knockout (MyD88KO) mice. Collectively, these data suggest that beryllium exposure results in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns that engage MyD88-dependent receptors to enhance pulmonary DC function.
Psychiatric Hospitals and Instrumental Rationality

Therapists in psychiatric hospitals often overuse a model borrowed from natural science, with the patient becoming an object to be examined, assessed, and altered, and underuse an interpretive psychotherapeutic approach, or misuse it to control patients. And while expressing an interest in the meaning of what patients say, they exclude most of the traditional sources of meaning, in ethics, religion, literature, art, and political thought. The author argues that therapists do these things for two ideological reasons: to maintain their position in the authoritarian structure of the hospital and to maintain the hospital as an agent of class domination. Along with other groups, therapists bring instrumental rationality, such as that of natural science, to bear on political, cultural, and personal questions for which this type of rationality is often destructive. In the long run, political participation and social integration decrease, culture traditions provide less meaning, and personality formation is disrupted. Thus the end result of the overuse of instrumental rationality is not only domination by one class of others, but a decrease in the stability of the society as a whole. Hospital therapists participate in these trends, but they could do otherwise, by working to create a more democratic form of therapy.
Molecular dynamics simulations of a highly charged peptide from an SH3 domain: possible sequence-function relationship.

A seven-residue peptide that is highly conserved in SH3 domains despite being far from the active site has been shown by NMR to be stable in solution. This peptide, biologically important because it is a likely folding nucleus for SH3 domains, provides a challenging subject for molecular dynamics because it is highly charged. We present stable, 10-ns simulations of both the native-like diverging turn structure and a helical model. Free energies of these two conformations, estimated through MM-PBSA analysis using several force fields, suggest a comparable free energy (ΔΔG ≤6 kcal/mol) for native and helix conformations. NOE intensities calculated from the native trajectory reproduce experimental data quite well, suggesting that the conformations sampled by the trajectory reasonably represent those observed in the NMR experiment. The molecular dynamics results, as well as sequence analysis of a diverse 690-member family of SH3 domain proteins, suggest that the presence of two elements is essential for formation of the diverging turn structure: a pair of residues with low helical propensity in the turn region and, as previously recognized, two hydrophobic residues to close the end of the diverging turn. Thus, these two sequence features may form the structural basis for the function of this peptide as a folding nucleus in this family of proteins. Proteins 2001;45:4–15. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Democracy (In)Action: A Critical Policy Analysis of New York City Public School Closings by Teachers, Students, Administrators, and Community Members

In this article, I serve as a secretary for the critical policy analysis presented by hundreds of teachers, parents, students, and community members during 19 public hearings on school closures in New York City. In testimony at hearings, community members rejected the narrow, statistical approach they felt the Department of Education was using to develop policy. They examined the stated motives for school closures, the terms on which school closures were justified, the interests negotiated in policies, and the consequences of these decisions. Finally, this article challenges academics and policymakers to engage more authentically with community knowledge.
Harnessing the Trade Winds: The Story of the Centuries-Old Indian Trade with East Africa, using the Monsoon Winds – By Blanche Rocha D'Souza

In this book, the author attempts to trace three thousand years of Indian trade in East Africa while seeking to redress the “Arab and particularly European sources of information” that have “downpl...
Defibrotide as treatment for hepatic veno-occlusive disease

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a potentially devastating complication of both allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation. Severe VOD usually occurs very early in the course of transplantation, and the mortality rate of these cases is at least 90%. The pathogenesis of VOD involves
A phase II trial of peg-L-asparaginase in the treatment of non-hodgkins lymphoma

A polyethylene glycol conjugate of L-asparaginase (PEGLA) was administered to 21 patients with refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The dose given was 2,000 u/m2 intramuscularly every 2 weeks. Eligibility required at least one prior trial of chemotherapy and ambulatory performance status. At entry, all patients had measurable lesions and documented disease progression. The median age of the patients was 61 years; 18 (86%) were ambulatory with minimal symptoms, 12 patients (57%) had 3 or more prior regimens, and 13 (62%) had stage IV disease. Histologic subtype was low grade in 11 patients (52%), intermediate in 7 (33%), high grade in 2 (10%) and unclassifiable in one (5%). There were two partial responses (11%) noted (95% confidence interval of response of 1–30%). Eleven patients (52%) were removed from study due to disease progression. Nine patients (43%), required removal for toxicity (7 for protracted nausea and vomiting and 2 for confusion). One patient died of sepsis while on study but this was not considered drug related. Almost one third of patients complained of fatigue or loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting occurred in approximately half the patients and was moderate to severe in 9. Diarrhea and abdominal pain were also noted in onethird of those treated. Changes in the partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen were noted in most patients but resulted in no bleeding complications. In this trial, PEGLA displayed modest activity in a heterogenous group of patients with progressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Thin Film Water on Muscovite Mica

We have shown that water adsorbed to the (001) plane of muscovite mica has an infrared spectrum consistent with a bonding network that is more structured than that found in bulk water. Isotherms taken at temperatures ranging from near the ice melting point to room temperature suggest that water wets mica incompletely. Additionally, we find that the enthalpy and entropy of the adsorbed water molecules imply a strongly bound first layer. Both enthalpy and entropy approach the bulk values as the thickness of the adsorbed layer increases.
Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum: Identification of genus- and species-specific antigenic egg glycoproteins

Immunoreactive egg glycoproteins of Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum which are genus- and species-specific, or react with sera of patients infected with other parasites, have been identified. Egg proteins were labeled with Iodine-125, and the concanavalin A-binding glycoproteins were immunoprecipitated with sera of patients infected with one of four species of Schistosoma or Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Entamoeba histolytica, or Wuchereria bancrofti. These immunoprecipitates were analyzed by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Despite the strikingly different patterns of glycoproteins of the African species, the antibody immune responses of patients infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium were found to be so similar that differentiation could not be established. In contrast, sera of patients infected with S. japonicum, S. mekongi, or parasites not of the genus Schistosoma, immunoprecipitated fewer of the major S. mansoni or S. haematobium glycoproteins. Likewise, antibody immune responses of patients infected with the Oriental schistosomes (S. japonicum and S. mekongi) could not be differentiated. Only a few quantitative differences were noted between our S. mansoni egg glycoprotein extract and a standardized soluble egg antigen extract. This study provides an explanation for the extensive cross-reactivity observed in diagnostic assays which utilize various fractions of schistosomal egg extracts as the antigen.
The Papilla Rotation Flap

A new technique is described for correction of specific mucogingival defects which is designed to encourage rapid healing of the defect and donor areas. Further, this approach often yields a greater width of attached gingiva than other techniques, and is well tolerated by the patient.
SU-E-J-73: Using Surface-Based Imaging for Patient Identification.

Purpose: A feasibility study to determine if daily surface‐based imaging can be used for patient identification with reliable accuracy. Methods: Three‐dimensional surfaceimages were acquired using AlignRT (VisionRT Ltd., London, UK) prior to daily radiotherapy treatment for 12 breast cancer patients. These were compared retrospectively to body contours generated from computed tomography simulation (CT sim) scans. Two types of comparisons were made. The first compared the surface of each patient for all fractions of treatment. The second compared a random incorrect patient body contour for each patient in the study. The ‘surface statistic’ tool reveals the percentage of surface points within a threshold distance of 3mm. Results: Comparison of the patients’ daily AlignRT images to the CT sim body contour showed similarity of the surfaces of 81.0% +/− 6.6% with a total range of 61.5–95.3%. This same comparison of the wrong patient's CT sim body contour to a random fraction of another patient's AlignRT image revealed similarity of the surfaces of 27.9% +/− 10.2% with a range of 6.7‐58.3%. A threshold of approximately 60% separates misidentification from correct identification in our limited study set. There was no overlap between the two groups in our test. However, we recognize that the two groups come close to the threshold value and could overlap in a larger study set. Conclusions: Using daily surface‐based imaging to identify patients is feasible with AlignRT using a surface statistic threshold of approximately 60%. This has the possibility of improving radiotherapy safety using existing image‐guided technology. Further study is needed to better understand the sensitivity and specificity of this tool for a larger patient population.
Metabolic studies in a mouse model of hepatorenal tyrosinemia: absence of perinatal abnormalities.

Summary Radiation induced chromosomal deletions at the albino locus in the mouse, lethal when homozygous, cause abnormalities of expression of several unlinked liver specific genes. Recently, the gene encoding FAH was shown to be included in the deletions. Since in humans FAH mutations cause tyrosinemia type I, deletion homozygous mice were suspected of having tyrosinemia. Studies of plasma amino acids did not confirm this suspicion. Also, succinylacetone levels were normal in fetal and newborn livers of deletion homozygotes. The present evidence, therefore, does not support the assumption that the earlier described ultrastructural and enzyme abnormalities in deletion homozygotes are secondary effects of tyrosinemia caused by the deletion of FAH.
Search Processes For Applications Of Artificial Intelligence

This paper concerns search as an aspect of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In the paper [1], five topics are called out as necessities to develop AI. The one that we are discussing appears there as the first of the five, and that is for good reason: the role of search is fundamental.
The Human Estrogen Sulfotransferase - a Half-Site Reactive Enzyme

The affinity of 17β-estradiol (E2) for the estrogen receptor is weakened beyond the point of physiological relevance by the transfer of the sulfuryl moiety (−SO3) from PAPS (3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate) to the 3′-hydroxyl of E2. The mechanism of this transfer reaction, catalyzed by estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), is investigated here in detail. The enzyme (a dimer of identical protomers) presents a clear example of half-sites reactivity—only one of the subunits of the dimer produces product during the catalytic cycle. This is the first example of half-sites reactivity in the sulfotransferase family. A burst of product, with an amplitude that corresponds to one-half of the available active sites, reveals that the mechanism is rate-limited by product release. The equilibrium constant governing interconversion of the substrate (E·PAPS·E2) and product (E·PAP·E2S) central complexes was determined and is strongly biased toward product (Keq int ∼ 49). Slow product release allows the interconversion of...
Software Development Management Planning

The lack of comprehensive planning prior to the initiation of a software development project is a very pervasive failing. This paper walks through a sample software development plan discussing the various areas that a software development manager should address in preparing his project's plan. Various considerations and suggestions are presented for each of the management subject areas. How the user/customer can use the developer's plan to aid in monitoring of his software's evolution is also presented. Detailed planning of a software development project is necessary to the successful completion of the project.
On the question of universality of imploding shock waves

For the case of initially infinitesimally weak spherically and cylindrically imploding shocks, Ponchaut et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 560: 102-122, 2006) recently obtained universal solutions. We study the effect of starting the shock with an initially finite strength on the trajectory of the shock by performing numerical calculations for the incoming shock imploding spherically into a diatomic perfect gas. Deviations from the universal solution are extremely small. A solution for the initially infinitesimally weak shock obtained by using Whitham's (Linear and nonlinear waves, Wiley, New York, 1974) Shock Dynamics is virtually indistinguishable from the Ponchaut solution.
Comparison of methods for quantifying reef ecosystem services: A case study mapping services for St. Croix, USVI

Abstract A key challenge in evaluating coastal and watershed management decisions is that monitoring efforts are largely focused on reef condition, yet stakeholder concerns may be more appropriately quantified by social and economic metrics. There is an urgent need for predictive models to quantitatively link ecological condition of coral reefs to provisioning of reef ecosystem goods and services. We investigated and compared a number of existing methods for quantifying ecological integrity, shoreline protection, recreational opportunities, fisheries production, and the potential for natural products discovery from reefs. Methods were applied to mapping potential ecosystem services production around St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Overall, we found that a number of different methods produced similar predictions. Furthermore, areas predicted to be high in ecological integrity also tended to be high in other ecosystem services, including the potential for recreation, natural products discovery, and fisheries production, but this result depended on the method by which ecosystem services supply was calculated. Quantitative methods linking reef condition to ecosystem goods and services can aid in highlighting the social and economic relevance of reefs, and provide essential information to more completely characterize, model, and map the trade-offs inherent in decision options.
Study of Quick Test, WAIS, and premorbid estimates of intelligence for neuropsychiatric patients

For 30 patients high correlations among scores on Quick Test forms and between scores on Quick Test forms and WAIS scores are as expected from prior work. Premorbid scores were higher than current scores. Range was restricted (IQs of 50 to 127), variances heterogeneous as expected.
Electrical Activation of Na/K Pumps Can Increase Ionic Concentration Gradient and Membrane Resting Potential

It has been previously demonstrated by our group that our specifically designed synchronization modulation electric field can dynamically entrain the Na/K ATPase molecules, effectively accelerating the pumping action of these molecules. The ATPase molecules are first synchronized by the field, and subsequently their pumping rates are gradually modulated in a stepwise pattern to progressively higher and higher levels. Here, we present results obtained on application of the field to intact twitch skeletal muscle fibers. The ionic concentration gradient across the cell membrane was monitored, with the membrane potential extrapolated using a slow fluorescent probe with a confocal microimaging technique. The applied synchronization-modulation electric field is able to slowly but consistently increase the ionic concentration gradient across the membrane and, hence, hyperpolarize the membrane potential. All of these results were fully eliminated if ouabain was applied to the bathing solution, indicating a correlation with the action of the Na/K pump molecules. These results in combination with our previous results into the entrainment of the pump molecules show that the synchronization-modulation electric field-induced activation of the Na/K pump functions can effectively increase the ionic concentration gradient and the membrane potential.
III. The Georgia Epidemic

Definition of Terms.—A glossary of terms used in this publication is included in a previous paper.1 In the preceding papers of this series, evidence has been presented which indicates that the 502A strain ofStaphylococcus aureusis capable of colonizing the cord and nasal mucosa of newborn infants,1and that the presence of this organism actively interferes with the subsequent acquisition of other coagulase positive staphylococci, including type 80/81, under epidemic conditions.2The present communication presents additional evidence bearing on this point, as well as certain other data on the ecology of staphylococcal infection in newborn infants and their contacts. During September and October of 1961, an increase in the rate of impetigo among infants discharged from a proprietary Atlanta hospital was noted by the pediatricians in the area. Preliminary studies were carried out by a group of investigators from the Communicable Disease Center between Nov
A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Decode-and-Forward Cooperation in Gaussian Channels

A game-theoretic analysis of decode-and-forward user cooperation is presented. Cooperative communications is modeled as a game in which the two participating terminals are selfish and seek to maximize their own payoff, a general utility function that monotonically increases with signal-to-noise ratio. The terminals communicate to a common destination terminal using orthogonal additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Both deterministic and mixed-strategy Nash Equilibria are studied. Results show the selfish nature drives users away from a mutually cooperative equilibrium in a one-shot game. However, when the communication scenario is modeled as a repeated game, a Nash Equilibrium in which users cooperate can be achieved. The requirement for such an equilibrium is that users value future payoff and a proper power control scheme is utilized. Examinations of two possible payoffs (i.e., channel capacity and transmission reliability) show that such a power control scheme can be easily implemented.
Some Potential Negative Social Consequences of Cigarette Smoking: Marketing Research in Reverse1

The effects of cigarette smoking on first impressions were examined in an interlocking series of studies. Provided college students evaluated peers who were neither extremely attractive nor unattractive, smoking typically reduced the positivity of evaluations regardless of participants' smoking. Targets photographed with smoking material were rated, for example, to be less considerate, calm, disciplined, honest, healthy, well-mannered, and happy than when smoking material was absent. Replication with apparently older participants evaluating college students did not reveal smoking to influence ratings strongly. Further replication did not reveal smoking material simply to influence college students' ratings of an attractive professional model. These results were compared with earlier studies of the effects of cigarette smoking on interpersonal evaluation and an educational unit for deterring smoking was discussed.
The prevalence of bipolar disorder in general primary care samples: a systematic review

Abstract Objective To obtain an estimate of the prevalence of bipolar disorder in primary care. Methods We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method to conduct a systematic review in January 2013. We searched seven databases with a comprehensive list of search terms. Included articles had a sample size of 200 patients or more and assessed bipolar disorder using a structured clinical interview or bipolar screening questionnaire in random adult primary care patients. Risk of bias in each study was also assessed. Results We found 5595 unique records in our search. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria. The percentage of patients with bipolar disorder found on structured psychiatric interviews in 10 of 12 studies ranged from 0.5% to 4.3%, and a positive screen for bipolar disorder using a bipolar disorder questionnaire was found in 7.6% to 9.8% of patients. Conclusion In 10 of 12 studies using a structured psychiatric interview, approximately 0.5% to 4.3% of primary care patients were found to have bipolar disorder, with as many as 9.3% having bipolar spectrum illness in some settings. Prevalence estimates from studies using screening measures that have been found to have low positive predictive value were generally higher than those found using structured interviews.
STUDIES ON THE ENZYMES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS : III. CARBOHYDRATE-SPLITTING ENZYMES: INVERTASE, AMYLASE, AND INULASE.

1. A method is described for the preparation of an active enzyme-containing solution of pneumococci, in which no living cells are present. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing sucrose, starch, and inulin. 2. The invertase and amylase of pneumococcus are active within the limits pH 5 to 8, with an optimum reaction of about pH 7. This reaction range corresponds closely with limiting hydrogen ion concentrations which define growth of the organism in the presence of carbohydrate. 3. These studies indicate that the enzymes described are not true secretory products of the living cell, but are of the nature of endoenzymes, since their activity can be demonstrated only when cell disintegration has occurred.