cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Federal Civil Code of Mexico

* Professor of Law, University of San Diego School of Law (since 1983). LL.B., summa cum laude, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City; LL.M. and J.S.D. (Candidate), Yale Law School. The author was a guest lecturer on Mexican law at New York University School of Law, International Global Program in 1999, and a Visiting Professor at Stanford Law School in 1994. He also is the Founder and Director of the Mexico-United States Law Institute, University of San Diego 1983-1987, and was awarded the academic distinction of University Professor 2002-2003 by the University of San Diego. 1. "Decreto por el que se reforman y adicionan diversas disposiciones del Codigo Civil para el Distrito Federal en Materia Comun y para toda la Republica en Materia Federal, del Codigo Federal de Procedimientos Civiles, del Codigo de Comercio y de la Ley Federal de Proteccion al Consumidor," D.O. 29 de mayo de 2000 (Mex.). The newly enacted Federal Civil Code ("Code") entered into force on Monday, June 7, 2004. Nine days following its publication in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion ("D.O."), the Spanish text of this Code could be found, with its latest amendments, on the internet website sponsored by Mexico's Chamber of Deputies of the Federal Congress, the Camara de Diputados del Honorable Congreso de la Union. This website also provides access to the latest texts in Spanish of the Code of Commerce (Codigo de Comercio), the Federal Code of Civil Procedure (Codigo Federal de Procedimientos Civiles), the Federal Code of Criminal Procedure (Codigo Federal de Procedimientos Penales), the Federal Criminal Code (Codigo Penal Federal), the Code of Military Justice (Codigo de Justicia Militar), the Federal Code of Electoral Institutions and Procedures (Codigo Federal de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales), and the Fiscal Code of the Federation (Codigo Fiscal de la Federacion). In addition, the same website gives access to the complete texts of two hundred and fifty federal statutes. See Camara de Diputados del Honorable Congreso de la Union, available at www.cddhcu.gob.mx/leyinfo (last visited Dec. 27, 2004). See also Jorge A. Vargas, Mexican Law on the Web: The Ultimate Research Guide, 32 Int'l J. Legal Info. 34 (2004) (including a bilingual list of the two hundred and fifty Mexican federal statutes).
Asymptotically valid and exact permutation tests based on two-sample U-statistics

Abstract The two-sample Wilcoxon test has been widely used in a broad range of scientific research, including economics, due to its good efficiency, robustness against parametric distributional assumptions, and the simplicity with which it can be performed. While the two-sample Wilcoxon test, by virtue of being both a rank and hence a permutation test, controls the exact probability of the Type 1 error under the assumption of identical underlying populations, it in general fails to control the probability of the Type 1 (or Type 3) error, even asymptotically. Despite this fact, the two-sample Wilcoxon test has been misused in many applications. Through examples of misapplications in academic economics journals, we emphasize the need for clarification regarding both what is being tested and what the implicit underlying assumptions are. We provide a general theory whereby one can construct a permutation test of a parameter θ ( P , Q ) = θ 0 which controls the asymptotic probability of the Type 1 error in large samples while retaining the exactness property when the underlying distributions are identical. In addition, the new studentized Wilcoxon test retains all the benefits of the usual Wilcoxon test, such as its asymptotic power properties and the fact that its critical values can be tabled (which we provide in the supplementary appendix). The results are derived for general two-sample U -statistics. A key ingredient that aids our asymptotic derivations is a useful coupling method.
Study of multiplexing for group-based quality of service delivery

In this work, the problem of scheduling packets with a group as opposed to an individual deadline is considered. Packets of the same group are supposed to belong in the same application data unit for which a deadline is set, and they are assumed to arrive over fixed time intervals (frames). The Frame-based Shortest Time to Extinction (F-STE) scheduling policy is considered at a multiplexer fed by multiple streams with group deadlines; expired packets are dropped (not served). The performance of the F-STE policy is evaluated in terms of the induced packet loss (deadline violation) probabilities. It is established that the F-STE policy outperforms the similarly simple First In First Out (FIFO) policy, as well as the potentially more complex FIFO policy which identifies and drops expired packets.
Comment: The Rule of Reason and Horizontal Restraints Involving Professionals

Some commentators contend that professional self-regulation should be treated much more leniently than horizontal restraints in other industries because professional service markets differ substantially from other markets. Specifically, they argue that all professional restraints should be entitled to the full-fledged rule of reason analysis, which, as the Comment discusses, rarely hands plaintiffs a victory. They will, hereafter, no doubt invoke California Dental Association v. FTC, 119 S.Ct. 1604 (1999), in support of their argument. Though the implications of the rather ambiguous opinion are far from clear, given the Court's expansive discussion of the uniqueness of professional markets, it is quite possible that CDA's analysis may well extend beyond the issue of professional advertising restrictions to reach all horizontal arrangements involving professionals. As discussed in this Comment, this would effectively insulate virtually all professional restraints (except perhaps naked price fixing agreements) from antitrust liability. In view of this possibility, the Comment examines the main characteristics distinguishing professional from other markets, namely, informational asymmetries and "quality" considerations, and concludes that they do not call for a different rule of reason standard for analyzing the legality of professional self-regulation. The principal argument that is made here is not that professional self-regulation is almost always suspect, but merely that the contrary view is also not true - that self-regulation is not always, or even almost always, procompetitive. Thus, the risk in having the CDA standard govern in all except direct price fixing cases is that many anticompetitive professional restraints may go unpunished. Indeed, most such restraints would be shielded from serious antitrust scrutiny. The Comment argues that the antitrust analytical framework for determining the legality of horizontal restraints in general is flexible enough to take into account the distinguishing characteristics of professional services, and that contemporary antitrust standards applicable in general cases are just as appropriate in the professional context.
CDG: Managing in China's Economic Transformation

China Data Group (CDG) is a leading business processes outsourcing company based in Beijing, China. Roc Yang, Chairman of CDG had to confront a dilemma when he discovered that one of his senior managers gave a gift to a potential client in an effort to win a large business deal. Although this practice was pervasive in the China business context characterized by heavy reliance on personal relationships or guanxi, it went against the founding principles of CDG - professionalism and service quality. Yang had to decide where to draw the line between adherence to principles of professionalism and local norms in a country caught in the midst of rapid economic transformation.Learning Objective:This case illustrates a key challenge of globalization - how and where do companies draw the line between global business practices and deeply ingrained local cultural norms. As students debate and discuss what the protagonist should do, they should appreciate the various sources of the tension faced by companies operating in emerging markets. The case also allows for specific discussion on the dynamics of relationships and networks (guanxi) when doing business in China.
Mary Evelyn Northridge, PhD, MPH: Public Health Leadership in a Style All Her Own.

The article focuses on Dr. Mary Evelyn Northridge, editor-in-chief of "American Journal of Public Health" (AJPH) for 16 years. It presents bibliographic information on her and mentions how challenges faced by her stepfather and stepbrothers with racism helped shape her interests and comments on how under her leadership the AJPH expanded its coverage of public health to include articles on minority health and environmental justice. It reports she has applied for tenure at New York University.
Joint beamforming, power control and scheduling for multihop wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a joint beamforming, power control and link scheduling algorithm for multihop wireless networks. We consider a multihop wireless network of nodes where each node is equipped with a transmit antenna array and a receive antenna array. A prespecified average data rate requirement is given for each link, as well as the channel matrix between each transmit array and receive array. The objective is to meet the required data rates while minimizing the average transmission power expended, subject to a peak transmission power constraint per node. While beamforming, power control and link scheduling need to be jointly optimized to achieve this goal, our proposed duality approach enables us to decouple these mechanisms. A simple, link-optimal, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming algorithm is derived. Also, it is demonstrated that a simple 2 level (On-Off) power control suffices for the most energy efficient networking. Numerical examples suggests that while a TDMA scheduling is optimal for a low traffic demand, we need to schedule more simultaneous transmissions as the traffic load increases.
Some extremal problems for positive definite matrices and operators

Let G be a real-valued function defined on the set Pn,F of all positive definite complex hermitian or real symmetric matrices according as F = C (the complex field) or F = R (the real field). Suppose A, B ∈ Pn,F. We study the optimization problems of (1) finding max G(X) subject to A − X, B − X positive semidefinite, (2) finding min G(X) subject to X − A, X − B positive semidefinite. For a general class of functions G, we construct the optimal solutions, and give conditions under which the solutions obtained are unique. The particular case of the determinant function, which motivated this work, is studied in detail. We then extend the results to the infinite- dimensional case using the theory of symmetrically normed ideas. Similar optimization problems with more constraints are also briefly discussed.
Raman probe studies of Nd: YAlG laser generated non-equilibrium excitations in GaAs

Abstract A survey is presented of the non-equilibrium excitations in GaAs that can be probed by Raman scattering. Intense Q-switched Nd:YAlG laser pulses are used both for generating the non-equilibrium excitations at low temperature, and for in-situ Raman scattering probe measurements. Particular emphasis is placed on the search for non-equilibrium, zone-edge slow TA phonons. We discovered that the difference frequency combination spectrum involving slow TA phonons is surprisingly coincident with the acceptor excitation line spectrum for the Zn impurity. The discrimination between the non-equilibrium phonon population and a non-equilibrium hole population on minority acceptors in n-GaAs is discussed.
Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-mediated action of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein on cholesterol entry into Leydig cell mitochondria

Hormone-induced steroid biosynthesis begins with the transfer of cholesterol from intracellular stores into mitochondria. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) have been implicated in this rate-determining step of steroidogenesis. MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells were treated with and without oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) antisense to PBR and StAR followed by treatment with saturating concentrations of human choriogonadotropin. Treatment with ODNs antisense but not missense for both proteins inhibited the respective protein expression and the ability of the cells to synthesize steroids in response to human choriogonadotropin. Treatment of the cells with either ODNs antisense to PBR or a transducible peptide antagonist to PBR resulted in inhibition of the accumulation of the mature mitochondrial 30-kDa StAR protein, suggesting that the presence of PBR is required for StAR import into mitochondria. Addition of in vitro transcribed/translated 37-kDa StAR or a fusion protein of Tom20 (translocase of outer membrane) and StAR (Tom/StAR) to mitochondria isolated from control cells increased pregnenolone formation. Mitochondria isolated from cells treated with ODNs antisense, but not missense, to PBR failed to form pregnenolone and respond to either StAR or Tom/StAR proteins. Reincorporation of in vitro transcribed/translated PBR, but not PBR missing the cholesterol-binding domain, into MA-10 mitochondria rescued the ability of the mitochondria to form steroids and the ability of the mitochondria to respond to StAR and Tom/StAR proteins. These data suggest that both StAR and PBR proteins are indispensable elements of the steroidogenic machinery and function in a coordinated manner to transfer cholesterol into mitochondria.
Efficient model-fitting and model-comparison for high-dimensional Bayesian geostatistical models

Geostatistical models are appropriate for spatially distributed data measured at irregularly spaced locations. We propose an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for fitting Bayesian geostatistical models with substantial numbers of unknown parameters to sizable data sets. The algorithm facilitates use of MCMC sampler output for computing Bayes factors for model selection. In our illustrative analysis of an environmental data set, model selection is critical because the inference of primary interest changes depending on whether the model includes or ignores spatial correlation.
Performance of diploid and vegetatively doubled clones of Phureja-haploid tuberosum hybrids

The performance of 15 diploid clones and their vegetatively doubled counterparts was evaluated in the field for 2 years. The diploid clones produced more stems and were taller 4 weeks after planting, flowered earlier, and produced more total tuber yield. The significantly greater total tuber production of the diploids was due mainly to having more tubers less than 2.5 inches in diameter. The tetraploid clones usually produced more and heavier tubers over 2.5 inches in diameter, but not enough to offset the higher total tuber number of the diploids. Male and female fertility were evaluated in the greenhouse and although tetraploid seed set was 50% less than for the diploids, the doubled clones were sufficiently fertile for use in genetic and breeding programs. The results indicate that vegetative chromosome doubling of selected diploid clones generally will not produce high yielding tetraploid clones. These materials will be very useful in breeding and for genetic investigations.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: role of a surface protein in the attachment organelle

Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to host cell by means of a specialized terminus initiates infection. Monoclonal antibodies to a surface protein (Pl) inhibit this process, and react with a region of the tip covered with peplomer-like particles. Since antibodies against the Pl protein are generated by natural and experimental infection and by immunization, the substance may be an important determinant of protective immunity.
Concurrent progressive-ratio schedules to compare reinforcing effectiveness of different phencyclidine (PCP) concentrations in rhesus monkeys.

Rationale: Progressive ratio (PR) schedules have become well accepted for testing the reinforcing effectiveness of drugs. This study extends the methods to concurrent PR schedules with different concentrations of orally delivered phencyclidine (PCP). Objective: The sensitivity of the procedure is tested by presenting different PCP concentrations with independently-operating PR schedules. Method: PCP self-administration was investigated in seven rhesus monkeys. Six different PCP concentrations (0.03–1.0 mg/ml) and water were randomly paired (21 pairings). Liquid delivery (24 ml) was contingent upon lip-contact responses on solenoid-operated drinking spouts; whereby, the response requirement or fixed-ratio (FR) increased (from 8 to 16, 32, 64, 128... to 4096) after each successful completion of a previous FR and subsequent liquid delivery. Monkeys self administered PCP during daily 3-h sessions, and each pair of concentrations was held constant until behavior had stabilized for at least 4 days. Results: The higher of the two PCP concentrations always maintained greater responding, PR break point (BP), or the last ratio completed, and liquid deliveries than did the lower concentration. However, the monkeys did not exclusively respond on the drinking spout that yielded the higher drug concentration. When examined across all drug pairings, the percentage of total available deliveries of the higher concentration was significantly greater than those of the lower concentration. The monkeys maximized the amount (mg) consumed for the response output. Responding, BPs and liquid deliveries maintained by 0.12 and 0.25 mg/ml PCP were significantly greater than other PCP concentrations; however, drug intake (mg) increased directly with PCP concentration. Conclusion: These results indicate that concurrent PR schedules using oral drug self-administration and a concurrent choice paradigm reliably provide an estimation of relative reinforcing strength, and behavior maintained by these schedules is sensitive to small changes in PCP concentration.
The effect of molecular weight on the melt viscosity and fracture energy of BDSDA/APB

Viscosite a l'etat fondu et energie de rupture de 3 echantillons de polyphenyleneethersulfimide a masse moleculaire de 8700 a 14000
Preferential DNA cleavage under anaerobic conditions by a DNA-binding ruthenium dimer

In the absence of dioxygen, the cationic complex [(phen)2Ru(tatpp)Ru(phen)2]4+ (P4+) undergoes in situ reduction by glutathione (GSH) to form a species that induces DNA cleavage. Exposure to air strongly attenuates the cleavage activity, even in the presence of a large excess of reducing agent (e.g., 40 equiv of GSH per P4+), suggesting that the complex may be useful in targeting cells with a low-oxygen microenvironment (hypoxia) for destruction via DNA cleavage. The active species is identified as the doubly reduced, doubly protonated complex H2P4+, and a carbon-based radical species is implicated in the cleavage action. We postulate that the dioxygen concentration regulates the degree to which the carbon radical forms and thus regulates the DNA cleavage activity.
Potassium nitrite: Preparation and thermometric analysis☆

Abstract Commercial potassium nitrite which always contains several per cent potassium nitrate cannot be purified by recrystallization. Sodium nitrite can be so purified, and was used to prepare the nitrite form of an anion exchange resin. The nitrite resin was used to remove the nitrate content of “Reagent Grade” commercial potassium nitrite. It was found that the temperature of the first order phase transition of potassium nitrite at 39·14° is raised by the presence of potassium nitrate and lowered by potassium chloride. This temperature change was used as a sensitive indication of the amount of either impurity.
Danger signs of unethical behavior: How to determine if your firm is at ethical risk

This paper is designed to do three things. First, it discusses some of the key trends in business ethics in the academic and corporate communities. Initiatives like the Arthur Andersen Business Ethics Program are noted. Secondly, the paper examines certain basic misconceptions about the field and concludes that the adage that good ethics is good business is still true. Finally, the paper highlights fourteen business attitudes or practices that may put a firm at ethical risk. For example, the paper discusses the risk of using ethics as simply a public relations initiative. Man's life is not a state of unalloyed happiness. The earth is no paradise. Although this is not the fault of social institutions, people are wont to hold them responsible for it. The foundation of any and every civilization, including our own, is private ownership of the means of production. Whoever wishes to criticize modern civilization, therefore, begins with private property. It is blamed for everything that does not please the critic, especially those evils that have their origin in the fact that private property has been hampered and restrained in various respects so that its full social potentialities cannot be realized.1 Ludwig von Mises
Designing an interactive Web tutorial with cross‐browser dynamic HTML

Texas AM dragging objects; and windows‐style drop‐down menus. It also integrates interactive forms, common gateway interface (CGI), frames, and animated GIF images in the design of the WBT. After describing the design and implementation of the tutorial project, an evaluation of usage statistics and user feedback was conducted, as well as an assessment of its strengths and weaknesses, and a comparison of this tutorial with other common types of training methods. The present article describes an innovative approach for CD‐ROM training using advanced Web technologies such as dynamic HTML, which can simulate and demonstrate the interactive use of the CD‐ROM, as well as the actual search process of a database.
Assessing Attention and Disruptive Behavior Symptoms in Preschool-Age Children: The Utility of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children

Data are presented from two samples of preschool children to evaluate the reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the ADHD, ODD, and CD sections of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Fourth Edition (DISC-IV). Information was obtained from a community sample of 128 children (Mage = 53.16 months; 63 girls) and from a sample of 72 externalizing children (Mage = 45.23 months; 31 girls) plus 25 control children (Mage = 44.51 months; 8 girls). In both studies, the DISC-IV was administered to parents along with parent and teacher behavior rating scales, and teacher rating scales were obtained again later to evaluate the predictive validity of the DISC-IV (after approximately 6 months in Study 1, and 3 years in Study 2). The ADHD and ODD sections exhibited acceptable internal consistency in both studies, and showed concurrent validity with parent behavior rating scales. In both studies, the ADHD section was also concurrent with teacher reports. In Study 2, the ADHD, ODD, and CD sections distinguished externalizing children from controls. In both studies, the ADHD section predicted future teacher ratings beyond initial teacher ratings, and beyond initial parent rating scales; the ODD section similarly predicted later teacher ratings in Study 1. Findings provide strong support for the utility of the ADHD section for preschool children and moderate support for the ODD and CD sections.
Radioimmunoassay of serum prostatic acid phosphatase after prostatic massage

Abstract The effect of prostatic massage on the concentration of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in blood serum as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was compared with that determined by a standard enzymatic assay (EA). Serum was drawn from 24 men before prostatic massage and after—at specified intervals, up to twenty-four hours. Three of these men were young, normal controls; 10 had biopsy-proved prostate cancer (CA); 11 had histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). After prostatic massage, 3 of the 10 CA patients (30%) had elevation of PAP as determined by EA and 4 of the 11 BPH patients (36%) as determined by RIA. None of the controls showed elevated levels of PAP by either assay. In all patients elevated levels of PAP by both assays had returned to normal twenty-four hours after massage. It was concluded that serum for PAP testing by either assay method should be drawn before or twenty-four hours after rectal examination to prevent false positive results and the need for retesting.
President's page: ACC councils, sections, and committees: where membership makes a difference.

![Figure][1] In these pages we have been emphasizing the overarching mission of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the strategies within each of the College's 4 main focus areas: 1) education; 2) advocacy; 3) research; and 4) quality. It too often goes without saying, however, that
Militarism in Environmental Disguise: The Greenwashing of an Overseas Military Base

What is the relationship between militarized landscapes, especially overseas military bases, and the natural environment? Scholars have noticed that militarized spaces—permanent bases, demilitarized zones, live fire ranges, training areas, historical battlefields and so forth—are often accompanied by de facto nature reserves. Thus, the unparalleled seclusion that militarization imposes upon delineated geographic spaces can create safe havens for plants and animals that would otherwise suffer from human encroachment. Others retort that military activities cause severe damage to the natural environment. In this article, I problematize attempts to evaluate the environmental impact of militarized spaces in a way that divorces the natural environment from the broader web of social and political relations to which military activities belong. In particular, I argue that environmental issues often serve as “greenwash” to distract attention—lay, scholarly, and official—from the negative aspects of militarism, including instances of environmental degradation, the mistreatment of human subjects, and the perpetuation of colonial forms of government. To illustrate and buttress my argument, I present a detailed case study of the US military base on Diego Garcia in the British Indian Ocean Territory.
A hierarchical framework for understanding human-human interactions in video surveillance

Understanding human behavior in video is essential in numerous applications including smart surveillance, video annotation/retrieval, and human-computer interaction. However, recognizing human interactions is a challenging task due to ambiguity in body articulation, variations in body size and appearance, loose clothing, mutual occlusion, and shadows. In this paper we present a framework for recognizing human actions and interactions in color video, and a hierarchical graphical model that unifies multiple-level processing in video computing: pixel level, blob level, object level, and event level. A mixture of Gaussian (MOG) model is used at the pixel level to train and classify individual pixel colors. A relaxation labeling with attribute relational graph (ARG) is used at the blob level to merge the pixels into coherent blobs and to register inter-blob relations. At the object level, the poses of individual body parts are recognized using Bayesian networks (BNs). At the event level, the actions of a single person are modeled using a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). The results of the object-level descriptions for each person are juxtaposed along a common timeline to identify an interaction between two persons. The linguistic 'verb argument structure' is used to represent human action in terms of triplets. A meaningful semantic description in terms of is obtained. Our system achieves semantic descriptions of positive, neutral, and negative interactions between two persons including hand-shaking, standing hand-in-hand, and hugging as the positive interactions, approaching, departing, and pointing as the neutral interactions, and pushing, punching, and kicking as the negative interactions.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The doctor's order: eugenic anxiety in Henry James's Washington square.

The world of Washington Square is shaped by representations absorbed from the evolutionary biology of James's era. Through the relationship between Austin Sloper and his daughter Catherine James dramatizes and critiques these representations, suggesting how the novelist is plagued by the same epistemological and ethical problems as nineteenth-century science.
The mode of adrenal gland enlargement in the rat in response to exercise training.

The mode of adrenal gland enlargement in the rat in response to exercise training. The mode of adrenal gland enlargement produced by physical training has been studied in normal, thyroidectomized, and thyroidectomized-hormone-treated rats. The animals were trained for 10 weeks with a program of running in motor-driven wheels at speeds and durations that approached their maximal capacities. Training produced a significant increase in adrenal weight in all groups. The DNA content, and thus cell number, of the adrenals of each trained group was higher than that of the respective sedentary control group. The weight per adrenal cell was also higher in the trained than the untrained groups. These data indicate that adrenal enlargement during training is the result of a combination of hyperplasia and hypertrophy and that this effect is not dependent upon the presence of thyroid hormone.
Treatment of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

Excerpt Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis has been exceedingly difficult to treat. The methods reported have had varied success. Transfer factor was effective in the treatment of one anergic girl b...
Addition of Epinephrine (Epi) to Dopamine (DA) Increases Blood Pressure (BP) and Urine Output (Uv) in Critically Ill Extremely Low Birthweight Neonates(ELBW) with Uncompensated Shock † 1131

Critically ill ELBW may present with systemic hypotension and oliguria/anuria unresponsive to combined DA and dobutamine (DOB) administration at “conventional” doses (20-30 μg/kg/min). In such cases, further escalation of DA treatment or addition of Epi infusion(with or without administration of stress doses of hydrocortisone) may be effective in the management of systemic hypotension. However, the addition of Epi carries the theoretical risk of severe alpha receptor-mediated renal vasoconstriction, resulting in further decreases in Uv. Since no data are available on the potential oliguric effect of Epi in the neonate, we reviewed the cardiovascular and renal response to Epi in 5 ELBW (GA=26.6±2.3 weeks; BW=894±183 g; postnatal age=23.2±12.4 days) who received the drug at a dose range of 0.05-0.3 μg/kg/min, when DA alone (14-26μg/kg/min, n=2) or in combination with DOB (10-15 μg/kg/min, n=3) failed to increase BP effectively (Table, mean±SD,(range); *=P 0.05). However, in the 3 patients with the lowest Uv during the Pre-Epi period (Uv<2.0 mL/kg/hour), Epi increased Uv significantly. Total volume administration was unchanged during the two periods (7±2 vs 7.1±1.2 mL/kg/h). DOB was weaned off in 2 of the 3 ELBW within 2 hours of Epi treatment. Three of the patients survived.
32 × 32 Port Microsecond Reconfigurable All-Optical Cross Connect

We are presenting a new implementation of a 32 x 32 port optical cross connect using diffraction from a Texas Instruments Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) as the core switching mechanism.
Clonal predominance of CD8(+) T cells in patients with unexplained neutropenia.

Objective T-cell–mediated autoimmunity may be involved in some cases of idiopathic neutropenia. We hypothesized that a precise T-cell receptor repertoire analysis may uncover cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) expansions that are less pronounced than those seen in T large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL), but are pathophysiologically analogous and thus can serve as markers of a T-cell–mediated process. Materials and Methods Using rational algorithms for T-cell receptor analysis and in vivo tracking of CTL responses previously established in our laboratory, we studied patients with unexplained chronic neutropenia (n = 20), T-LGL (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 12). We further investigated the involvement of soluble inhibitory factors by coculture assays. To determine the level of immune activation, we studied interferon-γ expression in CD8 + cells using Taqman polymerase chain reaction. Results Fifteen expanded (immunodominant) CTL clones were detected in 12 of 20 patients. In comparison to LGL leukemia, these clones were less immunodominant, but clearly discernible from subclinical lymphoproliferations in controls. As a surrogate of cytotoxic activity, we found markedly increased production of interferon-γ in most of the neutropenia patients, irrespective of the presence of immunodominant CTL clones. Conclusions These results suggest that, while immunodominant CTL clones are detectable in a proportion of patients only, CTL-mediated pathophysiology may be a general mechanism operating in idiopathic neutropenia. Oligogoclonal CTL expansions in chronic neutropenia may indicate an ongoing autoimmune process, while highly polarized monoclonalities in a subset of neutropenic LGL patients may represent the "extreme" end of the clonal continuum.
Personality Patterns in Migraine and Ulcerative Colitis Patients

This is part of a larger study of relationships between Wechsler subtest patterns and personality traits as identified by the Personality Assessment System (PAS). The PAS, a descriptive system which offers the clinician a method for inferring personality structure and function from objective Wechsler test data, has major advantages for clinical research. The system provides a number of readily testable hypotheses related to differential personality patterns in various clinical groups. It also identifies specific developmental patterns thought to produce conflict and anxiety and to predispose the individual to particular disease states. The PAS views personality in terms of complex interaction patterns berween the individual and the environment and identifies three levels of personality structure and three major personality dimensions. Only the first, the Externalizer-Internalizer dimension, is considered here. In brief, the Externalizer (E), ar one extreme of this dimension, is thought of as perceptually dominant, physically active, and environmentally dependent. The Internalizer (I), at the other extreme, is seen as ideationally dominant, physically inactive, and essentially self-sufficient. An account of the theory and of procedures used in deriving PAS personality patterns from Wechsler test data has appeared previously (Schucman 81 Thetford, 1968). The PAS hypothesizes that migraine patients are predominantly Es, while those with ulcerative colitis are predominantly Is. A specific "tension producing" developmental pattern is hypothesized as characterizing both groups. The sample used in testing these hypotheses included 61 young adults, 36 medically diagnosed as suffering from ulcerative colitis and 25 from migraine. In so far as possible, those with additional medical complications were excluded. The groups were comparable in age and WAIS IQs. In comparing the groups on the incidence of Es and Is at rhe "inherent" or "primitive" level of personality strucrure as identified by the PAS, it was found that 76% of the migraine group and 42% of the ulcerative colitis patients were Es, while 24% of the migraine Ss and 58% of the ulcerative colitis patients were Is. The comparison produced a Yates-corrected X"f 5.52, (p < .02). Further, the predicted "tension-producing" developmental pattern predominated in both groups to a statistically significant extent. The study illustrates the kind of specific hypothesis-testing which the PAS framework permits and also suggests its potential usefulness in clinical research. A more detailed report, which includes analyses related to developmental patterns and to the three personality dimensions which the PAS identifies, is in preparation.
RNA-directed DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus: Initiation of synthesis with 70 S viral RNA as template☆

Abstract DNA synthesis by the RNA-directed DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus with 70 S viral RNA as template initiates by the covalent attachment of dAMP to the 3′ terminal adenosine of an RNA molecule. Initiation continues throughout the course of a 90-minute enzymatic reaction, and chain propagation occurs on most if not all of the dAMP residues attached to primer RNA. The nature of the primer molecules was established in two ways. First, the RNA was tagged by attachment of radioactive mono- and oligodeoxynucleotides. Second, primers were isolated directly from their covalent complexes with nascent DNA. The results of both procedures indicate that DNA synthesis initiates on the 3′ termini of 4 S RNA molecules hydrogen-bonded to 70 S RNA. Purified primer RNA has a nucleotide composition (G + C = 64%) different from that (G + C = 60%) of other 4 S RNAs found hydrogen-bonded to the 70 S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus.
Fluctuations in closed-loop fluorescent particle tracking

We present a comprehensive theory of closed-loop particle tracking for calculating the statistics of a diffusing fluorescent particle’s motion relative to the tracking lock point. A detailed comparison is made between the theory and experimental results, with excellent quantitative agreement found in all cases. A generalization of the theory of (open-loop) fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is developed, and the relationship to previous results is discussed. Two applications of the statistical techniques are given: a method for determining a tracked particle’s localization and an algorithm for rapid particle classification based on real-time analysis of the tracking control signal.
Universal Information Access Through Multimodal Interaction: Graduate Student Consortium

Each year since 2003, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) has sponsored a graduate student consortium at the VL/HCC Symposia, on themes related to diversity and universal access of software development technologies. The research theme of this year's event is expressed by the following question and elaboration: How can designers of digital devices and environments better address universal access issues through multiple modes of interaction? Operation of digital devices is increasingly necessary in our information society, to locate, retrieve, and manipulate information, whenever it is needed, wherever it may reside. Providing these capabilities to all people, including those who are disadvantaged by their background, education, learning style, or physical abilities, is a universal access problem. We aim to explore all aspects of universal access, with a special emphasis on multimodal interaction
Automated market-making in the large: the gates hillman prediction market

We designed and built the Gates Hillman Prediction Market (GHPM) to predict the opening day of the Gates and Hillman Centers, the new computer science buildings at Carnegie Mellon University. The market ran for almost a year and attracted 169 active traders who placed almost 40,000 bets with an automated market maker. Ranging over 365 possible opening days, the market's event partition size is the largest ever elicited in any prediction market by an order of magnitude. A market of this size required new advances, including a novel span-based elicitation interface. The results of the GHPM are important for two reasons. First, we uncovered two flaws of current automated market makers: spikiness and liquidity-insensitivity, and we develop the mathematical underpinnings of these flaws. Second, the market provides a valuable corpus of identity-linked trades. We use this data set to explore whether the market reacted to or anticipated official communications, how self-reported trader confidence had little relation to actual performance, and how trade frequencies suggest a power law distribution. Most significantly, the data enabled us to evaluate two competing hypotheses about how markets aggregate information, the Marginal Trader Hypothesis and the Hayek Hypothesis; the data strongly support the former.
Evaluation of Male-Baited Traps for Control of Boll Weevils Following a Reproduction-Diapause Program in Monroe County, Mississippi

In the spring of 1969, male-baited traps for Anthonomus grandis Boheman were placed around ca. 4000 acres of cotton in a large-scale field test in Monroe County, after completion of a voluntary grower-sponsored reproduction-diapause control program the fall of 1968. The few fields that had not been treated produced a population of weevils which varied from field to field. Where over wintered boll weevils numbered less than 5 per acre, the trap efficiency was estimated to be 93%, but it dropped to 21% when the populations averaged about 300 weevils/acre. Differences in the number of over wintered boll weevils collected per trap were not significant when 1, 2, 4, and 8 traps per acre were compared. However, significantly more over wintered boll weevils were found in the fields with 8 traps per acre than in fields with 2 traps per acre. Inter field movement of over wintered weevils from the fields that had not been treated appeared to be restricted to those fields that shared over wintering sites with the untreated fields. Some fields were treated with insecticides in July for control of 1st-generation boll weevils, but many fields did not require treatment until early August.
A case study of mental imagery deficit

Abstract We describe a patient with a deficit in imagery ability, following a left posterior cerebral artery infarction and possible anoxic episode. This deficit was inferred from the patient's performance on several tasks, including one in which normal adults are known to rely on imagery and two that tested imagery nonverbally, allowing us to examine the possibility of a language-imagery disconnection. In addition, we queried the patient on some cognitive capacities related to visual imagery: dreaming, geographical knowledge, and introspection regarding visual and auditory imagery. Hypotheses concerning the critical lesion site and underlying cognitive mechanism of image generation deficits are discussed in relation to this and other recent cases of impaired imagery ability with intact recognition ability, and the relevance of this deficit to the “imagery debate” is discussed.
Testing for Stochastic Dominance

A test for second-degree stochastic dominance is proposed. The test is a permutation test using only the sample data. It is exemplified using data from Kramer and Pope. The test conclusions differ substantially from standard practice in which no statistical test is conducted.
Shifting natural frequencies of plates through preforming

Through an energy formulation and the use of a large deflection theory, it is shown that if a thin plate has a slight initial preform, and if its edges are constrained against in–plane displacements, then all of the natural frequencies of the plate will be shifted upward. For a uniform thin plate, the amount of frequency shift depends on the type of boundary conditions and the ratio of the amplitude of preform to the thickness of the plate. Examples of square and rectangular plates preformed in the shape of their first mode shapes are presented. The method holds the promise of shifting or essentially removing a troublesome vibration mode.
SYMBOLIC RACISM IN CANDIDATE EVALUATION: AN EXPERIMENT

The authors explored the symbolic racism construct to determine whether discrimination in the evaluation of political candidates can be attributed to a combination of traditional values and antiblack affect as suggested by Sears. Using an experimental design where candidate race was manipulated in three conditions, they found that differential racial attributions do operate in the evaluation of political candidates. Contrary to expectations, however, no antiblack affect was found to be at work in the evaluation of the black candidate. Findings are discussed in the framework of contemporary assumptions of research on racial reasoning.
Drinking Songs: Alcohol Effects on Learned Song of Zebra Finches

Speech impairment is one of the most intriguing and least understood effects of alcohol on cognitive function, largely due to the lack of data on alcohol effects on vocalizations in the context of an appropriate experimental model organism. Zebra finches, a representative songbird and a premier model for understanding the neurobiology of vocal production and learning, learn song in a manner analogous to how humans learn speech. Here we show that when allowed access, finches readily drink alcohol, increase their blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) significantly, and sing a song with altered acoustic structure. The most pronounced effects were decreased amplitude and increased entropy, the latter likely reflecting a disruption in the birds’ ability to maintain the spectral structure of song under alcohol. Furthermore, specific syllables, which have distinct acoustic structures, were differentially influenced by alcohol, likely reflecting a diversity in the neural mechanisms required for their production. Remarkably, these effects on vocalizations occurred without overt effects on general behavioral measures, and importantly, they occurred within a range of BEC that can be considered risky for humans. Our results suggest that the variable effects of alcohol on finch song reflect differential alcohol sensitivity of the brain circuitry elements that control different aspects of song production. They also point to finches as an informative model for understanding how alcohol affects the neuronal circuits that control the production of learned motor behaviors.
Martian intracrater splotches: Occurrence, morphology, and colors

Martian intracrater splotches and related streaks are studied using new morphologic, color, and global mapping data. The splotches are concentrated at high latitudes; surface properties such as albedo and thermal inertia have little influence on splotch occurrence. A significant fraction of splotches at high southern latitudes is formed of dune fields, some of which are much greater than 100 m thick. Evidence of complex histories of sedimentary filling and erosion is common at all latitudes for craters that contain splotches. The kind of splotches is correlated with the amount of crater floor erosion. Changes in splotch-related streaks are more common for those originating from dunes than for those associated with splotches lacking visible dunes. Colors of splotches fall in a specific range and indicate that dune and nondune splotches are part of a closely related group of materials.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE GOVERNMENT‐BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES: COLONIAL TIMES TO PRESENT

Everything has a history. At least part of the answer to any question about the contemporary world can come from studying the circumstances that led up to itThe more you understand about these past influences, the more you will know about the present subject to which they are related.1
Layout Optimization of Shapeable Components With Extended Pattern Search Applied to Transmission Design

An extended pattern search algorithm is presented for the placement of shapeable components within a product layout. Shapeable octrees are used to evaluate the amount of overlap between pairs of components, extending previous technology that requires fixed-size components. The method is used to conceptualize the layout of the cross-section of an automatic transmission.
Beta and gamma vibrational bands in 152Sm and 154Gd

Abstract Relative intensities of gamma transitions in 152 Sm, 152 Gd and 154 Gd were measured using a Ge(Li) detector. Several new gamma transitions were observed. Angular correlation experiments were performed to determine the multipole mixing ratios of transitions from the gamma vibrational band to the ground state band in 154 Gd. It is found that neither the beta nor the gamma band transition strengths in 152 Sm and 154 Gd can be accounted for by a single parameter band-mixing theory, nor can agreement be found by considering mixing between the beta and the gamma band. Transition rates from the negative parity levels also disagree with predictions of the strong coupling model including first order corrections.