cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Justice in medicine and public health.

On the beautifully clear and sun-filled morning of September 11, 2001, just before I went to vote in the New York City primary elections, news came over the car radio that a plane had crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. As I drove toward Manhattan after casting my ballot, newscasters reported a second plane crashing into the South Tower. It became instantly clear to everyone that these were acts of terrorism. We were under attack. All around me the behavior of New York City drivers immediately converted from the standard aggressive mode to a remarkably accommodating style, and in a dramatically uncharacteristic way cars yielded to make way for the emergency vehicles that were suddenly racing down the highway. Only one car surged to follow in their wake.This paper is a revised and shortened version of my chapter, “Justice in Allocations for Terrorism, Biological Warfare, and Public Health” in Public Health Ethics, edited by Michael Boylan, Kluwer; 2004. Portions of this material were presented at the International Bioethics Retreat, Pavia, Italy, June 2003, and at the meetings of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences, Philadelphia, September 2003.
Training a Parent to Teach Communication Skills A Case Study

The purpose of the present study was to train a mother to teach communication skills to her retarded adolescent child. The presenting complaint of the mother was that her child had poor conversational skills. The mother was seen for six sessions in a clinic setting and was trained to teach two communication skills (encourages to talk, on-topic questions) to her daughter. The mother conducted training and assessment sessions in the home. Training and assessment sessions were tape recorded and subsequently examined by the experimenters. Use of a multiple baseline design across skills indicated that training of each skill was associated with increases in that skill. The increases were maintained at a two-month follow-up.
Regenerative amplification of picosecond pulses in Nd:YAG at repetition rates in the 100-kHz range

An all-acousto-optically switched picosecond Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier has been developed for operation at pulse repetition rates in the 20–100-kHz range. The amplifier produces stable 50-ps pulses at 1064 nm in a TEM00 transverse mode with pulse energies of the order of 20–100 μJ. Generation of the second harmonic at 532 nm in KTP crystal results in conversion efficiencies greater than 40%. Using the frequency-doubled TEM00 output of the regenerative amplifier to pump a two-pass dye amplifier, we have amplified the 50-fs output pulses from an antiresonant ring dye laser to the 200-nJ level and have successfully produced a stable white-light continuum at a 100-kHz repetition rate. This preliminary demonstration of synchronous dye-laser amplification and continuum generation attests to the overall quality of the regenerative amplifier output and the general utility of this approach for high-repetition-rate amplification. Limitations of the current regenerative amplifier design and scaling to higher pulse energies are briefly discussed.
The Independent Living Scales in civil competency evaluations: Initial findings and prediction of competency adjudication.

We address a gap in the literature on civil competency by examining characteristics of those who undergo civil competency evaluations and how well Managing Money and Health and Safety subscales of the Independent Living Scales (ILS) predict legal competency adjudications. We were also interested whether these subscales are more accurate in making such predictions than the Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B, well-known measures of neuropsychological functioning. Actual legal competency decisions were obtained from public court records on 71 individuals with either mental retardation/borderline intellectual functioning (MR/BIF) or psychiatric, neurological, or combined psychiatric or neurological diagnoses. We found that those with neurological diagnoses performed significantly better on the Trail-Making Test, Part A, than the MR/BIF and combined neurological and psychiatric groups, and they demonstrated trends in the same direction for other measures. Both ILS subscales performed better than the cognitive measures, in terms of both hit rate and predictive value, in predicting ultimate judicial decision-making about competency. These findings are particularly relevant for clinicians who must decide what measures to include in an assessment battery in civil competency evaluations.
A seasonally breeding tropical bird lacks absolute photorefractoriness in the wild, despite high photoperiodic sensitivity

Summary 1Photoperiod is an important seasonal cue for temperate seasonal breeders. In birds, increasing photoperiod typically stimulates reproductive maturation, while also triggering gonad regression through photorefractoriness at a later date. Curiously, many tropical birds show photoperiodic reproductive responses, even though day-length changes in their natural habitat are minimal. 2Spotted Antbirds (Hylophylax n. naevioides) from a near-equatorial rainforest in Panama are highly sensitive to small photoperiodic changes at the onset of reproduction. We therefore tested whether these tropical birds use photoperiod as the primary signal for seasonal processes, as do most temperate birds, and terminate reproduction through photorefractoriness. 3Male and female Spotted Antbirds captured during postbreeding moult significantly increased gonad sizes when exposed to a photoperiod of 22 h. Furthermore, males exposed to a naturalistic 1-h increase in photoperiod (to 13 h) also grew their gonads, suggesting that these birds retain photosensitivity at a time of year when most temperate birds are unable to grow their gonads. Hatch-year birds in all groups showed reproductive development indicating their capability to breed. Unlike in many temperate-zone birds, the moult of adult birds was not inhibited by gonad development. 4The lack of photorefractoriness allows Spotted Antbirds to flexibly adjust the end of breeding to environmental conditions. Our findings support the view that photoperiodic mechanisms are evolutionary plastic and match the ecology of a particular species.
A Graph-Based Hybrid Framework for Modeling Complex Heterogeneity

Data heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of many high impact applications, such as insider threat detection, traffic prediction, brain image analysis, quality control in manufacturing processes, etc. Furthermore, multiple types of heterogeneity (e.g., task/view/instance heterogeneity) often co-exist in these applications, thus pose new challenges to existing techniques, most of which are tailored for a single or dual types of heterogeneity. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel graph-based hybrid approach to simultaneously model multiple types of heterogeneity in a principled framework. The objective is to maximize the smoothness consistency of the neighboring nodes, bag-instance correlation together with task relatedness on the hybrid graphs, and simultaneously minimize the empirical classification loss. Furthermore, we analyze its performance based on Rademacher complexity, which sheds light on the benefits of jointly modeling multiple types of heterogeneity. To solve the resulting non-convex non-smooth problem, we propose an iterative algorithm named M3 Learning, which combines block coordinate descent and the bundle method for optimization. Experimental results on various data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Another Look at Biotech Regulation

The EU has had the difficult task of creating new regulations for genetically modified food labeling while simultaneously developing its governing institutions. It is unclear that the resulting policies have produced substantial welfare gains for consumers. What is clear, instead, is that the current labeling policies fail all three standard criteria typically used to justify regulation.
Maternal Nutritional Status Dictates Neonatal Outcome

Maternal undernutrition, whether it occurs before conception or throughout gestation, may lead to physiological adaptations in the fetus that can contribute to adult cardiovascular and/or metabolic diseases. Anthropometric measurements are better nutritional predictors of pregnancy outcome than is dietary intake and the goal of anthropometric assessment in pregnancy is to provide an estimate of the prevalence and severity of malnutrition. Maternal nutritional status and fetal growth status can be assessed using a combination of anthropometric parameters, namely maternal weight, height, body mass index (BMI) calculated from the height and weight of the mother, feto-placental ratio (F/P ratio), skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference, abdominal circumference, and fundal height. Measurement of maternal weight gain during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI gives an indication of the short-term and long-term nutritional status of the mothers. Improving pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy are effective strategies to help reduce and prevent the incidence of low birth weight. Anthropometric reference charts are useful for both clinical and epidemiological studies and estimation of reference growth curves has traditionally relied on construction of several quantile curves based on information from samples of the reference populations. Recently, more flexible methods based on nonparametric quantile regression have provided a new approach to estimating reference growth curves and these methods compare favorably with traditional methods. We believe that gestational weight gain appropriate for BMI is one of the most important predictors of neonatal outcome as well for predicting postpartum obesity and related metabolic complications and must therefore be closely monitored as pregnancy advances. Anthropometric nutritional assessment has several public health implications and increased effort should be made by public health agencies to educate health-care providers as well as the general public about the importance of these simple measurements in facilitating a favorable neonatal outcome, particularly in high-risk women who have a moderately high or low pre-pregnancy BMI.
Cellular and molecular physiology of volume-sensitive anion channels

Maintenance of a constant cell volume in the face of osmotic stress is an evolutionarily ancient homeostatic process. Over the last two decades physiologists have gained an impressive understanding of the "volume-sensitive" channels, cotransporters, exchangers, metabolic pathways, and genes that are responsible for modulating intracellular solute content and cell volume. This review focuses on one part of this story, the characteristics and osmoregulatory functions of volume-sensitive anion channels. Three distinct types of swelling-activated anion channels have been observed and studied extensively in animal cells. These channels include 1) ClC-2, which is a member of the ClC family of voltage-gated anion channels, 2) an outwardly rectifying intermediate conductance channel, and 3) a large-conductance or "maxi" channel. In addition to these three channels, several other less well-characterized anion channels have been observed. This review discusses the electrophysiological and molecular biological characteristics and regulation of these channels. The possible roles different types of anion channels might play in cell volume homeostasis are also discussed.
Digestible sulfur amino acid requirement of starting turkeys

Three experiments (a total of 1,020 poults) were conducted to determine the digestible sulfur amino acid (SAA) requirement for female turkey poults during the starter period. Poults were fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet (PC) that met or exceeded NRC recommendations (28% CP, 3,172 kcal MEn/kg) for 1 wk and were then randomly assigned to treatments until 22 d (Experiment 2 and 3) or 23 d (Experiment 1) of age. Dietary treatments included the PC diet and seven or nine titrated levels of methionine added to a basal corn-soybean meal diet, for a total of 0.50 to 1.33% total digestible SAA. The basal diet contained 18.4% intact crude protein. All diets contained 3,171 kcal MEn/kg. The true digestible SAA content of the basal diet without methionine additions was 0.50% based on digestibility assays of the corn and soybeans with cecectomized turkeys. Diets were formulated to contain 1.40% digestible lysine. Other amino acids were maintained at levels in relation to lysine based on previous research with turkeys and the Illinois Ideal Chick Protein. Broken-line analysis suggests that the digestible SAA requirement for female turkeys during the starter period is 0.76% for optimum body weight gain and 0.75% for optimal feed:gain at the energy levels used in these studies.
Hydroquinone Formation from the Cleavage of p-Diisopropylbenzene Dihydroperoxide by Gaseous Acids

Decomposition of p-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide in a benzene solution by hydrogen chloride could be carried out quantitatively in a saturated benzene solution at the temperature range of 2040°C, and its yield was 9293%, while that of acetone was found in 7377%.The formed hydroquinone was highly pure (98%).Similar decomposition also took place by using SO2. However, the decomposition by hydrochloric acid gas gave a better result.
Semantic vernacular system: an observation-based, community-powered, and semantics-enabled naming system for organisms

The Semantic Vernacular System is a novel naming system for creating named, machine-interpretable descriptions for groups of organisms. Unlike the traditional scientific naming system, which is based on evolutionary relationships, it emphasizes the observable features of organisms. By independently naming the descriptions composed of sets of observational features, as well as maintaining connections to scientific names, it preserves the observational data used to identify organisms. The system is designed to support a peer-review mechanism for creating new names, and uses a controlled vocabulary encoded in the Web Ontology Language to represent the observational features. A prototype system is under development in collaboration with the Mushroom Observer website. It allows users to propose new names and descriptions, provide feedback on those proposals, and ultimately have them formally approved. This effort aims at offering the mycology community a knowledge base of fungal observational features and a tool for identifying fungal observations and further provides a prototype example of how other communities may use a semantically-enabled portal to evolve community naming systems.
Happiness is the Wrong Metric (Extended)

People are motivated not only by a quest for satisfaction but also by trying to live up to their sense of what is moral. This sense cannot be reduced to a form of satisfaction, among other reasons because it often engenders pain and sacrifice rather than pleasure. Analysis is enriched when we realize people are moral wrestlers who are pulled by both kinds of motivations. Such a recognition is also useful for public policy. The concept of well-being is a step forward but one must take into account that people can find meaning and purpose in bad behavior from gang-like activities to serving in ISIS.
Quality Measures for Oncologic Emergency Medicine

Cancer patients experience a number of quality of care issues in the emergency department (ED) and in other healthcare settings. Routine measurement and public reporting of the outcomes, processes, and structure of care has been recommended as an important policy lever to increase provider accountability and, ultimately, improve the quality of care. However, quality measure development for oncologic emergency medicine has lagged behind other conditions and care delivery settings for more than a decade. Thus, ED-based oncology care is largely excluded from the current national quality reporting programs. To address this gap, we advocate the implementation of a national quality reporting program for cancer care, in harmony with recent recommendations from the Institute of Medicine. With formal national leadership, adequate funding, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and a robust and transparent health information technology infrastructure, this program could do much to increase the transparency and quality of oncologic emergency medicine across the nation.
Children’s bibles in America: a reception history of the story of Noah’s Ark in US children’s bibles

This book manages to successfully negotiate two often competing demands. It is a scholarly book well written and researched with a strong engagement with the relevant literature. At the same time i...
Studies on Segmental Transport in Models of Acute Renal Failure

The syndrome of acute renal failure (ARF) has been the subject of intensive investigation for many years (Stein et al., 1978). Much of our understanding of this syndrome is based on animal models using a host of modalities to precipitate the renal failure and an equally impressive list of maneuvers to ameliorate or protect agar (***) ARF. Renal artery clamping for 60 min is a model we have (***) to examine the pathophysiology of this syndrome at the level of the individual nephron segment. The effect of ischemia on segmental nephron function was assessed by the method of isolated tubule microperfusion. The response of nephron segments to ischemic injury provides a rational explanation for the genesis of the syndrome and the laboratory values encountered.
Theory Is Dead

This article discusses the possibility that Western theory, with its ghostly apparition of power, is dead. Suggesting that Indigenous and quantum thought erase the difference between the measuring object and the object of measurement found in traditional Western theory, this article argues that Indigenous and quantum thought may change the narrative structure of traditional Western theory, allowing for qualitative research in/through being. The author concludes with a prayer and coda to a practice of qualitative inquiry beyond Western theory.
Just Organic Wholes

The age-old problem of the justification of punishment has classically opposed two remarkably different schools of thought. On the one hand we have the school of thought that justifies punishment by (some of) the alleged consequences that punishment is supposed to generate—consequentialism. And on the other hand we have the school of thought that justifies punishment by the fact that punishment is deserved—retributivism. While the debate is as old as society itself, in its contemporary incarnation, the debate is typically seen, for obvious reasons, as opposing utilitarianism and Kantianism. In a sense, then, this specific debate is part and parcel of the more or less recent history of ideas. That is, insofar as modern utilitarianism is properly seen as the British (or the Anglo-American, perhaps; or as the analytic) approach, and Kant is evidently properly seen as the German (or continental) approach, the debate may seem as one manifestation of this binary general distinction.
Impact of Personal Health Records on Stroke Readmission and Outpatient Follow Up Rates (P1.354)

Objective: To improve readmission and outpatient follow up rates of stroke patients who are discharged home. Background: Readmissions can be a significant burden on our healthcare system. Educating our stroke patients about their medical conditions and having adequate follow up is important to their recovery and prognosis. We conducted a quality improvement project by distributing a Personal Health Record (PHR) at discharge and investigating its effect on our readmission and outpatient stroke neurology follow up rates. Methods: All stroke patients over a 12 month period with the discharge disposition of home were included in our study. The control group was discharged over the first 6 month period with our standard stroke discharge instructions including hospital course, medications and follow up appointments. The PHR group was discharged over the following 6 month period using standard discharge instructions and a PHR binder which consisted of 3 sections including a calendar, a medication page, and a note section. It was filled out by the patient with a neurology provider present. The readmission and outpatient stroke follow up rates were examined with a chart review and statistically analyzed by using JMP software. Results: There were 98 patients in the control group and 90 in the PHR group. When comparing outpatient follow up rates, the control group showed up to 68.4[percnt] of their appointments versus 70.2[percnt] in the PHR group which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). When comparing readmission rates, the PHR group had 4 readmissions versus 12 in the control group which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: This data suggests that a PHR could be an effective tool to provide stroke patients with the knowledge of their own medical conditions. This can help improve their readmission rates and provide better care for our stroke patients after discharge. Disclosure: Dr. Cherian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Erney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khawaja has nothing to disclose.
Emotion Coregulation in Mother-Child Dyads: A Dynamic Systems Analysis of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

Few studies have investigated patterns of emotion coregulation in families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or contrasted the ways in which their emotion coregulation patterns differ from families of typically developing (TD) children. To address this gap, we used a dynamic systems approach to compare flexible structure and emotional content of coregulation between mothers and children (3-7 years) with ASD (n = 47) and TD children (n = 26). Mother-child play interactions in the home were videotaped and emotion-engagement states were coded in micro-level 5-s intervals based on behavioral and affective expressions. Analyses indicated that mother-child dyads in the ASD group spent more time than dyads in the TD group in mismatched emotion-engagement states (e.g., child negative/mother positive), and children with ASD spent more time than TD children engaged exclusively with objects. Mother-child dyads in the TD group stayed longer in mutual positive engagement states. Compared to dyads in the TD group, mother-child dyads in the ASD group exhibited greater flexibility (i.e., a wider range of emotional-engagement states, more frequent changes in states, and less time in each state). These findings suggest that mothers and their children with ASD do not sustain dyadic positive engagement patterns in a low-stress environment. Findings confirmed the preference of children with ASD for objects over social partners, even when they are at home with their mothers, and elucidated a challenging mother-child interactional style. Results have implications for mother-child interventions aimed at regulating negative emotional states and sustaining positive ones in families raising children with ASD.
Seeking Beta: Experimental Considerations and Theoretical Implications Regarding the Detection of Curvature in Dose-Response Relationships for Chromosome Aberrations

The concept of curvature in dose-response relationships figures prominently in radiation biology, encompassing a wide range of interests including radiation protection, radiotherapy and fundamental models of radiation action. In this context, the ability to detect even small amounts of curvature becomes important. Standard (ST) statistical approaches used for this purpose typically involve least-squares regression, followed by a test on sums of squares. Because we have found that these methods are not particularly robust, we investigated an alternative information theoretic (IT) approach, which involves Poisson regression followed by information-theoretic model selection. Our first objective was to compare the performances of the ST and IT methods by using them to analyze mFISH data on gamma-ray-induced simple interchanges in human lymphocytes, and on Monte Carlo simulated data. Real and simulated data sets that contained small-to-moderate curvature were deliberately selected for this exercise. The IT met...
Alkali pug bake process for the decomposition of monazite concentrates

Abstract An alkali pug bake-leach process was studied for the decomposition of monazite and extraction of rare earth elements (REEs), uranium, and thorium. Under the conditions studied, 4 h bake time and 210 °C with an alkali to concentrate ratio (A/C) of 4:1 allowed for relatively high REEs extraction while maintaining relatively low thorium and uranium extraction, which may allow for at least partial separation of REEs from thorium and uranium. At this level, and with an average particle size of 81 µm, more than 90% of REEs were extracted, uranium extraction dropped to ∼38% by partly reporting to the water leach solution, and thorium extraction was consistently low at ∼25%. Baking temperature (180–250 °C) was found to have a pronounced effect on the extraction of REEs, uranium, and thorium. The maximum extraction of REEs was achieved during the 210 °C, 3 h bake time test. Thorium extraction was greater than 90% in the 2 h bake time at 210 °C, then dropped drastically to 50% or less for the 3 and 4 h bake times. Uranium extraction preferred the 250 °C level, but remained fairly low for the vast majority of the levels tested. The effect of particle size (48–137 μm) was studied at 210 °C and was found to have some effect on the extraction in the 1 and 2 h tests. However, in the 3 and 4 h tests, extractions were of similar magnitude for all three particle sizes studied. Thorium extraction peaked during the 2 h test and then dropped in 3 and 4 h tests. Alkali consumption was calculated and found to increase with increasing temperature and decreasing particle size (0.01–0.22 g alkali/g concentrate). Alkali consumption was increased with increasing extraction. The drop off in extraction is attributed to the dehydration of the hydroxides produced and the formation of insoluble phosphate phases.
Factors associated with survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a solitary metastasis.

e19121 Background: Although palliative chemotherapy is the standard of care for metastatic NSCLC, somepatients with oligometastatic disease may benefit from aggressive local therapy. We investigate...
Changing state of pediatric injuries in South Africa: An analysis of surveillance data from a Pediatric Emergency Department from 2007 to 2011.

Background Pediatric injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Data to characterize the cause and risk factors associated with childhood injuries in low- and middle-income countries are very scarce. The aim of this study is to describe the cause of pediatric injuries and their possible changes between 2007 and 2011 using hospital-based data in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods Data from injured children Results In total, 14,915 injured children with 15,414 injuries presented to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in 2007 and 2011. The mean age was 5.01 ± 3.5 years and 60.3% were male. Common mechanisms of injury included falls (n = 6,036; 40%), road traffic injuries (n = 1,939; 13%), burns (n = 1,885; 12.6%), and assault (n = 640; 4.3%). Comparing 2011 to 2007, the incidence of road traffic injuries has decreased by 7% (P Conclusion These epidemiologic findings suggest that while road traffic injuries decreased and burn injuries increased at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, there is a need for data that are population-based and not hospital based. If we could describe injuries accurately within the pediatric population of a city such as Cape Town, we could in turn use this data to strengthen the need for targeted interventions to address risk factors for pediatric injuries. Despite this, hospital-based data remain a powerful tool to study injuries in low and middle-income countries.
The Erdös-Kac Theorem. Kubilius Models

In this chapter we apply directly the Kubilius models which were studied in Chapter 3. In particular, we obtain the celebrated theorem of Erdos and Kac. We shall confine our attention to strongly additive functions. It is straightforward to modify the appropriate results so that they will apply to additive functions.
Adaptor proteins GIR1 and GIR2. II. Interaction with the co-repressor TOPLESS and promotion of histone deacetylation of target chromatin

Understanding how root hair development is controlled is important for understanding of many fundamental aspects of plant biology. Previously, we identified two plant-specific adaptor proteins GIR1 and GIR2 that interact with the major regulator of root hair development GL2 and suppress formation of root hair. Here, we show that GIR1 and GIR2 also interact with the co-repressor TOPLESS (TPL). This interaction required the GIR1 protein EAR motif, and was essential for the transcriptional repressor activity of GIR1. Both GIR1 and GIR2 promoted histone hypoacetylation of their target chromatin. Potentially, GIR1 and GIR2 might may link TPL to and participate in epigenetic regulation of root hair development.
Relationship between electrical properties and crystallization of indium oxide thin films using ex-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering

Grazing-incidence, wide-angle x-ray scattering measurements were conducted on indium oxide thin films grown on silica substrates via pulsed laser deposition. Growth temperatures (TG) in this study ranged from −50 °C to 600 °C, in order to investigate the thermal effects on the film structure and its spatial homogeneity, as well as their relationship to electrical properties. Films grown below room temperature were amorphous, while films prepared at TG = 25 °C and above crystallized in the cubic bixbyite structure, and their crystalline fraction increased with deposition temperature. The electrical conductivity (σ) and electrical mobility (μ) were strongly enhanced at low deposition temperatures. For TG = 25 °C and 50 °C, a strong ⟨100⟩ preferred orientation (texture) occurred, but it decreased as the deposition temperature, and consequential crystallinity, increased. Higher variations in texture coefficients and in lattice parameters were measured at the film surface compared to the interior of the film, ...
Abstract 5446: Tumor-derived miR-200c and 141 contribute to high levels of plasma microRNA-200c and 141 through exosomes

Circulating microRNAs (miRs) have potential as cancer biomarkers, but their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here we used a breast cancer model (Foxp3 heterozygous Scurfy mutant female mice, Foxp3sf/+) for identification of circulating miR biomarkers, and the formation and regulation of these miRs were investigated. Aging Foxp3sf/+ female mice developed spontaneous breast cancers and lung metastases. Levels of miR-200c and 141 were lower in the Foxp3sf/+ breast cancer cells than in normal breast epithelial cells, but plasma levels of miR-200c and 141 in the Foxp3sf/+ mice increased during tumor progression, especially during metastasis to the lung. Likewise, 259 participants, including patients with breast cancer or benign breast tumors, members of breast cancer families, and matched normal healthy controls, were assessed for circulating levels of candidate miRs. The results showed that: 1) the levels of miR-200c and 141 were lower in the FOXP3low breast cancer cells relative to those with FOXP3high, especially for late-stage and metastatic cancer cells; 2) the levels of miR-200c and 141 were higher in plasma of patients with metastatic breast cancer than in plasma of those with localized breast cancer, with benign breast tumors, with a family history of breast cancer, or normal healthy controls. Furthermore, in Foxp3sf/+ mice, plasma miR-200c and 141 were released from tumor cells through exosomes. Thus, plasma levels of miR-200c and 141 are potential biomarkers for early detection of metastases. MiR-200c and 141 appear to be released from breast cancer cells, through exosomes, into the circulation. Citation Format: Lizhong Wang, Runhua Liu, Song Gao, Yicun Wang, Meng Wang, Zhi Li. Tumor-derived miR-200c and 141 contribute to high levels of plasma microRNA-200c and 141 through exosomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5446. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5446
False Data Injection Attacks in Electricity Markets by Limited Adversaries: Stochastic Robustness

Deregulated electricity markets rely on a two-settlement system consisting of day-ahead and real-time (RT) markets, across which electricity price is generally volatile. In electricity markets, locational marginal pricing is widely adopted to set electricity prices and manage transmission congestion. Such locational marginal prices (LMPs) strongly hinge on the reliability and accuracy of the state estimation routines, which are designed to provide RT information about the state of the power grid based on meter measurements. However, state estimation is vulnerable to false data injection attacks (FDIAs), which aim to compromise the readings of measurement meters in order to distort state estimates and, subsequently, mislead the computation of RT LMPs, and thus carry out financial misconduct. Existing studies show that if the adversaries are omniscient , i.e., have full and instantaneous access to grid topology and state, they can design profitable attack strategies without being detected by the residue-based bad data detectors. This paper focuses on a more realistic FDIA setting, in which the attackers have only partial and imperfect information due to their limited resources and restricted physical access to the grid. Specifically, the attackers are assumed to have uncertainties about the state of the grid, and the uncertainties are modeled stochastically. Based on this model, this paper offers a framework for characterizing the optimal stochastic guarantees for the effectiveness of the attacks and the associated economic impacts. Designing such attacks is investigated analytically, and is examined in the standard IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus systems.
Absolute acoustic travel-time measurements for deep-sea vertical heat flux estimates

Correlation of vertical velocity fluctuations with temperature fluctuations from a stationary sensor can provide estimates of vertical heat flux. A sensor that makes simultaneous measurements of 3 axes of velocity while measuring the acoustic travel time between transducers permits this correlation to be made. The speed of sound, determined primarily by temperature, can be measured with the same acoustic transmission that is used to measure fluid velocity in a differential travel-time measurement to obtain the correlation of vertical velocity with temperature (speed of sound) fluctuations and thus determine heat flux.
Efficient framework for secure VANET membership management

A VANET allows vehicles to share information to improve on-road safety. The critical role of the network necessitates vehicle authentication. However, the dynamic membership makes the authentication process challenging. This paper proposes a novel integrated authentication and membership management framework that enables scalability, sustains integrity and privacy, and reduces the overhead. Our system employs a Certificate Authority (CA) to authenticate vehicles. Upon admission, a new vehicle will be given a temporary key that only allows it to report data without receiving the data of other network nodes. Based on the correctness of the data provided by a new vehicle, it becomes a full member and receives data as well. A lightweight and scalable key management scheme is employed to facilitate changing the session key and the eviction of misbehaving nodes. To increase efficiency and overcome intermittent connectivity to the CA, we employ some of the existing vehicles as certified endorsers.
Making Memristive Neural Network Accelerators Reliable

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have attracted substantial interest in recent years due to their superior performance on many classification and regression tasks as compared to other supervised learning models. DNNs often require a large amount of data movement, resulting in performance and energy overheads. One promising way to address this problem is to design an accelerator based on in-situ analog computing that leverages the fundamental electrical properties of memristive circuits to perform matrix-vector multiplication. Recent work on analog neural network accelerators has shown great potential in improving both the system performance and the energy efficiency. However, detecting and correcting the errors that occur during in-memory analog computation remains largely unexplored. The same electrical properties that provide the performance and energy improvements make these systems especially susceptible to errors, which can severely hurt the accuracy of the neural network accelerators. This paper examines a new error correction scheme for analog neural network accelerators based on arithmetic codes. The proposed scheme encodes the data through multiplication by an integer, which preserves addition operations through the distributive property. Error detection and correction are performed through a modulus operation and a correction table lookup. This basic scheme is further improved by data-aware encoding to exploit the state dependence of the errors, and by knowledge of how critical each portion of the computation is to overall system accuracy. By leveraging the observation that a physical row that contains fewer 1s is less susceptible to an error, the proposed scheme increases the effective error correction capability with less than 4.5% area and less than 4.7% energy overheads. When applied to a memristive DNN accelerator performing inference on the MNIST and ILSVRC-2012 datasets, the proposed technique reduces the respective misclassification rates by 1.5x and 1.1x.
Cluster Algebras from Surfaces

Cluster algebras were introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky [17] in 2002. Their original motivation was coming from canonical bases in Lie Theory. Today cluster algebras are connected to various fields of mathematics, including Combinatorics (polyhedra, frieze patterns, green sequences, snake graphs, T-paths, dimer models, triangulations of surfaces) Representation theory of finite dimensional algebras (cluster categories, cluster-tilted algebras, preprojective algebras, tilting theory, 2-Calabi–Yau categories, invariant theory) Poisson geometry and algebraic geometry (cluster varieties, Grassmannians, stability conditions, scattering diagrams, Poisson structures on \({{\mathrm{SL}}}(n)\)) Teichmuller theory (lambda-lengths, Penner coordinates, cluster varieties) Knot theory (Chern–Simons invariants, volume conjecture, Legendrian knots) Dynamical systems (frieze patterns, pentagram map, integrable systems, T-systems, sine-Gordon Y-systems) Mathematical Physics (statistical mechanics, Donaldson–Thomas invariants, quantum dilogarithm identities, BPS particles).
Theorizing Ability as Capabilityin Philosophy of Education

This chapter traces ‘capability’ as a topic of educational concern and ongoing debate, exploring what is meant by the philosophical concept of ‘capability’ in the international lineage of educational philosophy. Its purpose is first to clarify and situate the meaning of ‘capability’ within historical and contemporary debates within educational philosophy, and, second, to explore the relationship between specific philosophical accounts of capability and the notions of educational equality and social justice in education. While the term and concept of ‘capability’ has been used by philosophers of education to denote a specific theoretical framework for thinking about educational justice and equality – The Capability Approach – the concept of capability is also understood more broadly in terms of the power or potential of individual students relative to the interaction of their individual capacities with educational environments, access, and opportunities. Literature within philosophy of education that considers capability in this latter, more general way looks at the role of educational institutions, structures, and practices as enabling and disabling social forms and considers the limiting effects of categories of difference related to individuals’ perceived and assessed capacities. These two areas of research are linked by the question of what forms of education enable students of varying abilities to develop the capabilities to live good lives.
Study on insulation characteristics of oil-impregnated paper bushing under the combined effect of electrical-thermal

In order to investigate the insulation characteristics of AC oil-impregnated paper bushing during its operation, the electrical-thermal combined test platform was established to carry out the insulation characteristics tests under different oil temperature condition and different load condition. The change law of dielectric loss factor, capacitance, insulation resistance and frequency domain dielectric spectrum for AC oil-impregnated paper bushing under different oil temperature and different load conditions were mastered and the mechanism of the change law for these parameters were analyzed systematically based on the dielectric polarization theory as well. The results showed that the change of transformer oil temperature will lead to the regular change of insulation performance parameters of AC oil-impregnated paper bushing. The influence of different loads on the insulation performance of the bushing was mainly concentrated on the thermal effect, and the change of load would be finally reflected by the change of the internal temperature of the bushing. With the same oil temperature, when the bushing, which was applied with voltage and current simultaneously, was under the different load condition, it had worse insulation performance than the one with single assessment factor. Therefore, it can be more accurate to grasp the insulation characteristics of the bushing when insulation characteristics tests with electrical-thermal combined effect were taken, and will provide a strong support for the evaluation and diagnosis of bushing as well.
Learning objective based design of a computer simulation course

Our experience in developing a computer simulation course for computer scientists and engineers is described. Design of the course was complicated due to perceived differences in the needs of the different groups of students. Over several offerings of the course it became apparent that the real issues in the course development were not in the selection of topics, rather they came from decisions regarding things such as teaching and learning modes, depth of coverage, ordering of supporting topics and review of prerequisite knowledge. A careful study of learning objectives, both explicit and implicit, has uncovered the course design difficulties, to shed light on how the course can be improved, and how the course satisfies its role within our programs. While the use of learning objectives for course design is not novel, our experience should have value to others faced with similar issues when developing nonstandard or nontraditional courses.
Case-Specific CT Imaging to Evaluate Thoracic Aortic Pathologies

CT angiography has become the main imaging method used for the assessment of the thoracic aorta (Fig. 10.1). It is preferable that any patient being evaluated for a thoracic aortic procedure have imaging of the entire aorta commencing above the aortic arch and extending inferiorly to include the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries as far as the inguinal ligament. Use of multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images on the CT workstation enables review of the location and extent of the aortic lesion, the presence of proximal and distal landing zones for an endograft(s), the configuration of the aorta and iliac vessels with regard to tortuosity and kinking which might cause problems in delivery of the endograft to the required site and review the access site and iliac arteries for their diameter and amount of calcification.
Traditional Gender Roles and Their Connections to Relational Uncertainty and Relational Satisfaction

ABSTRACTThe current study utilised an adult population (N = 294) to investigate the relationships between traditional gender role endorsement, relational uncertainty and relational satisfaction. Specifically, it was hypothesised that individuals who more strongly endorsed traditional gender roles would report significantly less relational uncertainty. Further it was proposed that relational uncertainty would mediate a significant association between endorsement of traditional gender roles and relational satisfaction. Both hypotheses were supported. Implications of these results on the literature surrounding masculine and feminine gender roles are discussed, as well as some considerations for how future research might consider traditional gender role endorsement.
Resampling methods

Resampling methods are statistical procedures that reuse the sample data for the purpose of statistical inference. However, they do not require parametric assumptions that may be difficult to verify in practice. This focus article describes four resampling techniques, the bootstrap, the jackknife, cross-validation, and permutation tests. Another method, subsampling, is mentioned with two references but is not covered in any detail. These resampling methods and the history of their development are outlined in this paper. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic manganese ferrites.

Abstract This research work explored the synthesis and characterization of magnetic manganese ferrites using a simple combustion method. The purpose of creating the magnetic manganese ferrites was for their planned use as ozonation catalysts. Their magnetic properties allow for their recovery from the treatment system. Magnetic manganese ferrites were prepared by mixing manganese nitrate and iron nitrate in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:2. Polyvinyl alcohol was added to the mixed metal salt solution and the ratio of PVA: total nitrate salt added was varied from 1:1 up to 1:2 by weight. The resulting particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), tunneling electron microscope (TEM), and Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis).
Transsylvian Approach to Intrinsic Brain Tumors: Insular Tumors

Abstract The Sylvian fissure is the most prominent anatomic structure on the lateral surface of the human brain. In its floor lies the pyramidal-shaped insula, a common location for intrinsic brain tumors. Opening the Sylvian fissure via the transsylvian approach provides access to lesions not visible on the surface of the brain without dissecting through the brain. Here we describe the transsylvian approach to intrinsic brain tumors, particularly diffuse gliomas, emphasizing intrinsic tumors of the insula, which are among the most difficult tumors to resect owing to the complex neural and vascular structures within and surrounding the Sylvian fissure. We discuss relevant anatomical and surgical techniques for resecting insular tumors via the transsylvian approach, including complication avoidance. We prefer this approach to the transcortical approach because it avoids resecting healthy brain, permits early identification of critical middle cerebral artery branches (sometimes engulfed by tumor), permits identification of lenticulostriate perforators, permits early devascularization of the tumor, and exploits the normal sulcal anatomy of the operculo-insular component of the Sylvian fissure to delineate the limits of the tumor.