cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BI-03GLIOBLASTOMA-SPECIFIC AND GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELL SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC SIGNATURES OF LONG, NON-CODING RNAs

Long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are large and heterogeneous group of non-protein coding RNAs larger than 200nt. They regulate the expression of their target genes by multiple mechanisms including regulation of transcription, splicing, translation and epigenetic regulation. There is growing evidence of important role of lncRNAs in carcinogenesis, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). To profile lncRNAs in GBM patient samples and cells, we designed a platform using NanoString system to detect 73 lncRNAs that has been implicated in cancer pathophysiology. We used our collection of matched samples (i.e. from the same patient) of GBM tumors and adjacent brain tissue. We showed that 27-lncRNA signature (10 GBM-low and 17 GBM-high) clustered these samples. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are highly tumorigenic and therapy-resistant sub-population of glioblastoma. We characterized our large collection of patient-derived GSCs maintained in serum-free culture. Based on 10-gene signature we ascribed them to either proneural (PN), mesenchymal (MES) subtype. We demonstrated that 28-lncRNA signature (7 PN-low and 21 PN-high) clustered PN and MES GSCs. Testing the functionality of lncRNAs, we showed that PN-MES subtype switch achieved by de-regulation of important regulator of GSC self-renewal - miR-128, was concurrent with the shift in lncRNA signature. Finally, based on 29-lncRNA signature, we were able to establish that, irradiated PN GSCs acquired more mesenchymal characteristics. Our results thus suggest broad involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of pathophysiological processes in GBM/GSC cells.
Heat Transfer in Film-Cooled Turbine Blades

In order to study the effect of film cooling on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of actual turbine blades, a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code has been developed. An existing code (Chima and Yokota, 1990) has been modified for the purpose. The code is an explicit finite difference code with an algebraic turbulence model. The thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a general body-fitted coordinate system. The effects of film cooling have been incorporated into the code in the form of appropriate boundary conditions at the hole locations on the blade surface. Each hole exit is represented by several control volumes, thus providing an ability to study the effect of hole shape on the film-cooling characteristics. Comparison with experimental data is fair. Further validation of the code is required, however, and in this respect, there is an urgent need for detailed experimental data on actual turbine blades.© 1993 ASME
FRACTURE OF THE FEMUR IN PATIENTS WITH PAGET'S DISEASE; RESULTS OF TREATMENT IN TWENTY-THREE CASES.

Fractures of the femoral shaft in Paget's disease are dangerous and difficult to treat: 1. In twenty-three patients with Paget's disease of the femur, eleven patients were thought to have a satisfactory end result. In three patients the fractures failed to heal and they did not walk again. Five died as a result of osteogenic sarcoma, four of them within the first two months after operation. 2. In fractures of the femoral shaft involved with Paget's disease one should suspect sarcoma and obtain a biopsy specimen. 3. In this series of cases it was not possible to get some of the elderly patients out of bed early, because of inability to achieve rigid internal fixation of the abnormal bone of Paget's disease. 4. Trochanteric fractures healed with the least difficulty. 5. Fractures of the femoral neck in this series did poorly, with one exception. Prosthetic replacement is not advocated. 6. Fractures of the femoral shaft in Paget's disease do not heal faster than fractures in normal bone. 7. No one method of treatment is recommended. Each case must be weighed on its merits after careful preoperative evaluation.
Using Coordination Classes to Analyze Preservice Middle-Grades Teachers’ Difficulties in Determining Direct Proportion Relationships

Numerous studies, primarily conducted with school children, have reported the misapplication of direct proportion reasoning strategies to situations in which two quantities do not covary in a fixed ratio relationship. In the present study, preservice middle-grades mathematics teachers (N = 28) evidenced similar difficulties in a content and methods course. In particular, they correctly explained relationships between quantities that were not direct proportions but still tried to solve problems involving those quantities using direct proportions. To understand how this could occur, we used the coordination class construct (diSessa and Sherin, International Journal of Science Education 20(10):1155–1191, 1998) to analyze knowledge resources that the preservice teachers used before, during, and after a unit on proportions. Where past research has often characterized the misapplication of direct proportion reasoning strategies as the result of intuitive or impulsive responses to familiar missing-value problem presentations, our analysis suggests that recognizing directly proportional relationships is more complex than carefully interpreting problem statements.
Combining manual therapy with pain neuroscience education in the treatment of chronic low back pain: A narrative review of the literature

Teaching people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) about the neurobiology and neurophysiology of their pain is referred to as pain neuroscience education (PNE). There is growing evidence that when PNE is provided to patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, it can result in decreased pain, pain catastrophization, disability, and improved physical performance. Because the aim of PNE is to shift the patient's focus from the tissues in the low back as the source of their pain to the brain's interpretation of inputs, many clinicians could mistakenly believe that PNE should be a "hands-off," education-only approach. An argument can be made that by providing manual therapy or exercise to address local tissue pathology, the patient's focus could be brought back to the low back tissues as the source of their problem. In this narrative literature review, we present the case for a balanced approach that combines PNE with manual therapy and exercise by considering how manual therapy can also be incorporated for interventions with patients with CLBP. We propose that as well as producing local mechanical effects, providing manual therapy within a PNE context can be seen as meeting or perhaps enhancing patient expectations, and also refreshing or sharpening body schema maps within the brain. Ideally, all of this should lead to better outcomes in patients with CLBP.
Sonographic Detection of Solid Pseudopapillary Epithelial Neoplasm

Solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasms are a rare form of exocrine pancreatic tumors. While most of these neoplasms are benign, small percentages are malignant. Complete resection is associated with long-term survival, even in the presence of metastatic disease. This case study presents a solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm arising from the pancreatic tail. The pancreatic neoplasm was initially detected as an incidental finding sonographically and then further investigated by magnetic resonance imaging. This case highlights the importance of documenting incidental findings during sonography and how the combination of multiple imaging modalities provided an accurate diagnosis that led to proper treatment.
Automated CT Perfusion Ischemic Core Volume and Noncontrast CT ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score): Correlation and Clinical Outcome Prediction in Large Vessel Stroke.

Background and Purpose— The semiquantitative noncontrast CT Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and RAPID automated computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP) ischemic core volumetric measurements have been used to quantify infarct extent. We aim to determine the correlation between ASPECTS and CTP ischemic core, evaluate the variability of core volumes within ASPECTS strata, and assess the strength of their association with clinical outcomes. Methods— Review of a prospective, single-center database of consecutive thrombectomies of middle cerebral or intracranial internal carotid artery occlusions with pretreatment CTP between September 2010 and September 2015. CTP was processed with RAPID software to identify ischemic core (relative cerebral blood flow<30% of normal tissue). Results— Three hundred and thirty-two patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median age was 66 years (55–75), median ASPECTS was 8 (7–9), whereas median CTP ischemic core was 11 cc (2–27). Median time from last normal to groin puncture was 5.8 hours (3.9–8.8), and 90-day modified Rankin scale score 0 to 2 was observed in 54%. The correlation between CTP ischemic core and ASPECTS was fair ( R =−0.36; P 50 cc and ASPECTS ≥6 (29% had modified Rankin scale 0–2, whereas 21% were deceased at 90 days). Moderate correlations between ASPECTS and final infarct volume ( R =−0.42; P <0.01) and between CTP ischemic core and final infarct volume ( R =0.50; P <0.01) were observed; coefficients were not significantly influenced by the time from stroke onset to presentation. Multivariable regression indicated ASPECTS ≥6 (odds ratio 4.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–11.46; P =0.01) and CTP core ≤50 cc (odds ratio 3.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–12.15; P =0.02) independently and comparably predictive of good outcome. Conclusions— There is wide variability of CTP-derived core volumes within ASPECTS strata. Patient selection may be affected by the imaging selection method.
An FPGA Platform Proposal for Real-Time Acoustic Event Detection: Optimum Platform Implementation for Audio Recognition with Time Restrictions

Nowadays, monitoring of people and events is a common matter in the street, in the industry or at home, and acoustic event detection is commonly used. This increases the knowledge of what is happening in the soundscape, and this information encourages any monitoring system to take decisions depending on the measured events. Our research in this field includes, on one hand, smart city applications, which aim is to develop a low cost sensor network for real time noise mapping in the cities, and on the other hand, ambient assisted living applications through audio event recognition at home. This requires acoustic signal processing for event recognition, which is a challenging problem applying feature extraction techniques and machine learning methods. Furthermore, when the techniques come closer to implementation, a complete study of the most suitable platform is needed, taking into account computational complexity of the algorithms and commercial platforms price. In this work, the comparative study of several platforms serving to implement this sensing application is detailed. An FPGA platform is chosen as the optimum proposal considering the application requirements and taking into account time restrictions of the signal processing algorithms. Furthermore, we describe the first approach to the real-time implementation of the feature extraction algorithm on the chosen platform.
De Garengeot's hernia: A case description and surgical approach

Femoral hernias account for 3% of all hernias and can frequently present with incarceration of omentum, preperitoneal fat, small bowel and colon, and more rarely a Meckel's diverticulum or appendix. De Garengeot's hernia (GH) is a rare type of femoral hernia representing 1% of all femoral hernias and contains the vermiform appendix. The purpose of this report is to present a case of GH with discussion of the clinical findings along with description and details of the surgical technique applied for its repair.
Discrete-Trial Lever-Press Avoidance in the SHR and WKYN Strains

The acquisition of a discrete-trial lever-press avoidance response was compared between the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and nor-motensive rat (WKYN). Rats from each strain received 10 days of training at one of four different CS-US intervals ranging from 7 sec to 100 sec. At the shortest interval (7 sec), the avoidance performance and the number of shocks per day were similar for the two strains. However, as the CS-US interval increased the SHR rats made significantly more avoidance responses and received fewer shocks than the WKYN rats on Days 2 through 10 of training. These results are discussed in terms of the features of this task as a stress procedure and the behavioral differences between the SHR and WKYN strains.
The Global Leadership Project: A Comprehensive Database of Political Elites

Contributing to the recent revival in studies of the effects of the biographical characteristics of leaders, this paper presents an attempt at the most complete description to date of the world’s current leaders. The Global Leadership Project (GLP) provides the first dataset offering biographical information on leaders of most countries in the world, including members of the executive, the legislature, the judiciary, and other elites whose power is of an informal nature. GLP encompasses 146 sovereign and semisovereign nation-states and 40,566 leaders, each of whom is coded along 33 parameters, producing approximately 1.2 million data points in a cross-sectional format centered on 2010-13. This paper describes the coding process and the resulting data, and compares the characteristics of leaders across offices within countries, across countries, and across regions.
The Prevalence of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Among Regular Marijuana Smokers in an Urban Public Hospital.

Epidemiological data, including prevalence, for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) remain largely unknown. Without these data, clinicians often describe CHS as 'rare' or 'very rare' without supporting evidence. We seek to estimate the prevalence of CHS in a population of patients presenting to a socio-economically and racially diverse urban Emergency Department of a public hospital. This study consisted of a questionnaire administered to a convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED of the oldest public hospital in the United States. Trained Research Associates (RAs) administered the questionnaire to patients between the ages of 18-49 years who reported smoking marijuana at least 20 days per month. The survey included questions related to CHS symptoms (nausea and vomiting) and Likert scale rankings on eleven symptom relief methods, including 'hot showers'. Patients were classified as experiencing a phenomenon consistent with CHS if they reported smoking marijuana at least 20 days per month and also rated 'hot showers' as five or more on the ten-point symptom relief method Likert scale for nausea and vomiting. Among 2127 patients approached for participation, 155 met inclusion criteria as smoking 20 or more days per month. Among those surveyed, 32.9% (95% CI, 25.5-40.3%) met our criteria for having experienced CHS. If this is extractable to the general population, approximately 2.75 million (2.13-3.38 million) Americans may suffer annually from a phenomenon similar to CHS.
Comprehensive Community-Based Interventions for Youth with Severe Emotional Disorders: Multisystemic Therapy and the Wraparound Process

Two comprehensive community-based interventions for youth with severe emotional disorders are contrasted and compared. The interventions are multisystemic therapy (MST)—a brief but intensive, clinician-provided, and home-based treatment; and wraparound—a long-term approach to planning and coordinating the provision of both formal and informal services in the community. Both approaches are spreading rapidly across the country. As this occurs, it is important for families, clinicians, and policymakers to have sufficient information to understand the requirements and the research base for each. This paper provides a description of both MST and wraparound across multiple dimensions (i.e., origin, theory, target population, principles, role of family, cultural competence, staffing, training, quality monitoring, costs, and the evidence base). The respective similarities and differences are discussed and options for utilizing both for selected youth and families who require intensive and long-term care are explored briefly.
Alteration of Human Body Composition and Tumorigenesis by Isomers of Conjugated Linoleic Acid

• Mixed isomers of conjugated linoleic acid improved the lean body mass/adipose tissue ratio, decrease risk of cardiovascular disease, improve insulin sensitivity, and decrease risk and prevention of cancer in animal models.
Long-term effects of different cleaning methods on copolyester retainer properties.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate light transmittance, surface roughness, and flexural modulus of copolyester retainer material after long-term exposure to different cleaning methods. Materials and M...
A Discrete Interaction Model/Quantum Mechanical Method for Simulating Plasmon-Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption.

In this work, we extend the discrete interaction model/quantum mechanical (DIM/QM) method to simulate plasmon-enhanced two-photon absorption (PETPA). The metal nanoparticle is treated atomistically by means of electrodynamics, while the molecule is described using damped cubic response theory within a time-dependent density functional theory framework. Using DIM/QM, we study the PETPA of para-nitroaniline (p-NA) with a focus on the local and image field effects, the molecular orientation effects, and the molecule–nanoparticle distance effects. Our findings show that the enhancement is more complex than the simple |E|4 enhancement mechanism, where |E| is the local field at the position of the molecule. Because of specific interactions with the nanoparticle, we find that a TPA dark state of p-NA can be significantly enhanced through a coupling with the plasmon excitation. The results presented in this work illustrate that the coupling between molecular excitations and plasmons can give rise to unusual and c...
An Efficient Transient EM Solver with Dynamic P- Adaptation and Multirate Time Integration

In the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) simulation of a transient electromagnetic (EM) problem, the polynomial orders in the solution domain can be adjusted locally and dynamically in real time of the simulation to achieve a similar spatial resolution with a reduced computational cost compared to the simulation with uniformly high-order polynomials. The resulting dynamic p-adaptation technique has been shown to be very flexible and efficient. However, the time step size of an explicit time integration method is limited by the element with the smallest size and the highest polynomial order, which can be unnecessarily small for the elements with larger sizes or lower polynomial orders. To alleviate the global constraint on the time step size, a multi rate time integration technique, which permits different time step sizes in different elements, is adopted in this work to enhance the efficiency of the p-adaptive DG TD method. An EM scattering problem is given as an example to demonstrate the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Scientific Pollyannaism of Authentic Happiness, Learned Optimism, Flow and the Empirically Correct Positivity Ratios

This chapter positions contemporary “positive psychology as an iteration of scientific Pollyannaism,” tracking the development of this movement, including the financial and political support it was shown for the sake of personal and professional gain. The torture of animals and human beings in pursuit of positive-psychological research is discussed. In addition, the chapter highlights a significant push to re-introduce evolutionary and biologized views of happiness as genetic, as well as links between research in positive psychology and organizations and scientists who uphold racial and other inequalities. Some problematic scientific assumptions of positive psychology are noted, in particular its denials of the significance of socio-political context or oppression.
Numerical modeling of the impact of hurricanes on ocean dynamics: sensitivity of the Gulf Stream response to storm’s track

The study is focused on the disruption that a storm can cause to ocean stratification and ocean currents in a region dominated by a western boundary current and meso-scale variability. Sensitivity experiments with a regional numerical ocean model of the US East Coast are used to simulate different hurricane tracks to study the impact on the Gulf Stream (GS) flow, surrounding waters and coastal sea level. Realistic simulations of Hurricane Matthew (October 2016) using surface wind and heat flux from NOAA’s operational coupled forecast system were compared with idealized artificial hurricanes with tracks located at different distances from the coast (~ 200–600 km). Despite the limitation of representing realistic wind patterns by an analytical formula, coastal storm surge near the hurricane was simulated quite well. The height of the coastal storm surge was found to be very sensitive to the location of the hurricane track relative to the coast, but the impact of the hurricane on the GS flow was found to be less sensitive to the exact hurricane track, though the maximum influence was when the hurricane track passed ~ 100 km east of the GS with winds over the GS opposing the current direction. Hurricanes that passed within hundreds of kilometers from the GS caused disruption in the GS dynamics and weakening in the downstream flow of the GS that can last for many days after the storm disappeared. This indirect impact of hurricanes on the GS can elevate sea level along long stretches of the coast. The impact of a hurricane on a region dominated by meso-scale variability is complex, creating unpredictable spatial changes in temperatures and currents. After the hurricane disappeared and without additional surface heating, it may take the stratification as much as 2 months to recover to pre-hurricane conditions by advection alone. This lasting impact of a storm on ocean dynamics is consistent with observations that show minor tidal coastal flooding that lasts for days after hurricanes passed offshore.
What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter

This paper examines the ways that social movement organizations affiliated with the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement use Twitter through three content analysis studies. The main finding presented in the paper is that the modal tweet generated between December 1, 2015 and October 31, 2016 was an emotional response—an expression of sadness, outrage, or despair—to police brutality and the killings of African Americans. The second key finding is that BLM organizations generated more tweets that framed the movement as a struggle for individual rights than ones that utilized frames about gender, racial, and LGBTQ identities. Finally, the paper shows that BLM activists urge their followers to pursue disruptive repertoires of contention less frequently than they encourage other political behaviors. These findings suggest that the BLM movement is intelligible through both the resource mobilization and new social movement paradigms within social movement studies.
Facility, Equipment, Specimen Preparation, and Stains

Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has been shown to improve diagnostic performances of fine needle aspiration biopsy, image-guided tissue biopsy, as well as intraoperative consultation service. This chapter provides information about how to set a ROSE service, make a high-quality specimen preparation, and select an appropriate staining protocol. All these pre-analytic issues have profound impact on the outcome of ROSE service.
Low Immunogenicity to Romiplostim in Clinical Studies with ITP Subjects.

Abstract Romiplostim, a member of the thrombopoietin (TPO) mimetic class, is an Fc-peptide fusion protein (peptibody) that activates intracellular transcriptional pathways leading to increased platelet production via the TPO receptor (also known as cMpl). The peptibody molecule contains two identical single-chain subunits each consisting of human immunoglobulin IgG1 Fc domain, covalently linked at the C-terminus to a peptide containing two TPO receptor-binding domains. Due to the general concern regarding the immunogenic potential for all therapeutic proteins and the specific concern for monitoring antibodies capable of neutralizing thrombopoietin (TPO), an extensive immunogenicity assessment program was developed to support romiplostim. Romiplostim has been engineered to have no amino acid sequence homology to endogenous TPO. A low theoretical risk of developing conformational antibodies that cross-react against TPO exists. This risk was addressed by using an immunogenicity assessment strategy that relied upon a surface plasmon resonance based biosensor immunoassay using the Biacore 3000 capable of simultaneously monitoring antibodies that bind to romiplostim, TPO, or the active peptide portion of romiplostim (TMP). Samples that tested positive for binding antibodies in the Biacore immunoassay were then tested in the definitive functional biological assay to identify any antibodies capable of neutralizing the biological effect of romiplostim or TPO. Serum samples from 236 actively treated subjects were obtained both before and after exposure to romiplostim and were tested for romiplostim and TPO antibodies. In baseline samples, seventeen subjects (7.1%) tested romiplostim antibody positive and 12 subjects (5.1%) tested TPO antibody positive for pre-existing binding antibodies. After romiplostim exposure, twenty-five out of 236 (10.5%) subjects with ITP developed binding antibodies against romiplostim (inclusive of antibodies to both peptide and the whole molecule) and 12 out of 236 (5.1%) subjects with ITP developed binding antibodies against TPO. The antibodies that developed against romiplostim did not cross react with TPO and the antibodies that developed against TPO did not cross react with romiplostim. The incidence of anti-romiplostim neutralizing antibodies among 236 subjects with ITP who were treated with romiplostim across 10 clinical studies was 0.4% (1 out of 236). No cases of anti-TPO neutralizing antibodies were detected in romiplostim treated samples. In conclusion, after thorough immunogenicity assessment of all subjects treated with romiplostim using sensitive methods to detect binding and neutralizing antibodies, only one subject was found positive for the presence of antibodies capable of neutralizing romiplostim that was negative at the time of follow up 4 months later. As expected, none of the subjects treated were positive for antibodies capable of neutralizing TPO. No clinical sequelae were observed in association to the presence of antibodies.
Enhancing chlorophyll fluorescence imaging under structured illumination with automatic vignetting correction for detection of chilling injury in cucumbers

Abstract Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) is useful for detecting physiological disorders or defects for green-skinned horticultural products, because defective and normal plant tissues would have different responses to ultraviolet (UV) or short-wavelength visible excitation. This study was intended to evaluate the effectiveness of a new CFI approach by using structured illumination coupled with a proposed automated method for vignetting correction of chlorophyll fluorescence images, for enhanced detection of chilling injury in cucumbers. A CFI system with UV-blue light as an excitation source under structured illumination was assembled. Spectral images over the spectral region of 660–800 nm in 5 nm increments were first acquired from chilling-treated cucumbers under uniform UV-blue illumination to determine appropriate wavebands for implementation of CFI under structured illumination. Further experiment was conducted on a larger group of chilling treated cucumbers to acquire chlorophyll fluorescence images under structured illumination for two wavebands centered at 675 nm and 750 nm. An automatic method for vignetting correction of fluorescence images was proposed by using a modified bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) technique. Results showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence spectra of cucumbers were characterized by two emission peaks around the regions of 685–690 nm and 740–745 nm respectively. The proposed BEMD method was effective for vignetting correction of fluorescence images, which eliminates the need of using a physical fluorescence target for image correction. Moreover, compared to uniform illumination, structured illumination was found to provide significantly better fluorescence images in terms of the image sharpness and contrast between the normal and chilling-injury tissues, which were inductive to enhancing the detection of chilling injury in cucumbers.
Dad and Mom Bods? Inferences of Parenting Ability from Bodily Cues

Though much research has explored how facial and bodily features connote heritable fitness, particularly in the context of short-term mating, such cues similarly may influence perceptions of potential parenting ability. The current study explored how body fat variation and breast size in female targets and body fat and muscularity variation in male targets influence men’s and women’s perceptions of targets’ positive (e.g., nurturance) and negative (e.g., hostility) parenting capacities. Participants viewed 4 female targets orthogonally manipulated along dimensions of adiposity (high vs. low) and breast size (small vs. large), and 4 male targets orthogonally manipulated along similar adiposity dimensions and muscularity (small vs. large) before indicating targets’ inferred parenting ability. High-fat female targets were perceived to have more positive and less negative parenting abilities relative to low-fat female targets, an effect that was most pronounced among women; breast size did not influence perceptions of female parenting ability. For male targets, high fat and small muscles were perceived as more indicative of positive parenting abilities and less indicative toward negative abilities; the low body fat/high muscle male target was perceived to have especially negative parenting abilities. These results suggest body cues often associated with good genes and short-term mating success also systematically influence perceptions of parenting ability.
An Examination of Bullying Roles and Moral Disengagement Using Latent Analysis

Bullying persists as a concern in schools, including the question of why some children bully. One idea differentiating bullying roles (e.g., bully, victim, bully-victim) is that some individuals ar...
Recent molecular insights into canonical pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.

The majority of eukaryotic messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) undergo cleavage and polyadenylation at their 3′ end. This canonical 3′-end processing depends on sequence elements in the pre-mRNA a...
Supply Chain Resilience Assessment With Financial Considerations: A Bayesian Network-Based Method

Supply chain resilience assessment and strengthening has become a strategic topic in supply chain management. Extant literature on the subject of supply chain resilience assessment mainly focuses on evaluating the operational performance (e.g., inventory, capacity, lead time) while overlooking aspects of the financial performance. This article presents an event-based Bayesian approach as an effective tool for modeling the causal relationships among variables at different time intervals to evaluate resilience across operational and financial criteria. The model focuses on two key elements of resilience—reliability (the ability of the system to sustain an original state) and recoverability (the ability of a system to recover following a disruption), which allows us to investigate how different operational and financial factors affect the network reliability, recoverability, and resilience. This article contributes to the literature in three ways—first, we incorporate a financial perspective to the quantitative study of supply chain resilience; second, we evaluate both the financial and operational aspects from a longitudinal perspective; third, we show that the financial performance of individual supply chain entities has a strong influence on the overall supply chain resilience. From a practical standpoint, the article presents a model that can help managers identify the weakest nodes in their supply chain, considering operational and financial aspects over time, allowing them to design and operate more resilient supply networks.
Causes of False-Positive Radioactive Iodine Uptake in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Radioactive iodine (RAI) whole-body scan is a sensitive imaging modality routinely used in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer to detect persistent and recurrent disease. However, there can be false-positive RAI uptake that can lead to misdiagnosis and misclassification of a patient’s cancer stage. Recognizing the causes of false positivity can avoid unnecessary testing and treatment as well as emotional stress. In this review, we discuss causes and summarize various mechanisms for false-positive uptake. We report a patient with differentiated thyroid cancer who was found to have Mycobacterium avium complex infection as the cause of false-positive RAI uptake in the lungs. Using this case example, we discuss and summarize findings from the literature on etiologies of false-positive RAI uptake. We also supplement additional original images illustrating other examples of false RAI uptake. False-positive RAI uptake may arise from different causes and RAI scans need to be interpreted in the context of the patient’s history and corresponding cross-sectional imaging findings on workup. Understanding the potential pitfalls of the RAI scan and the mechanisms underlying false uptake are vital in the care of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
Questioning Empathetic Responsiveness to Nonhuman Animal Vulnerability: Noninnocent Relations and Affective Motivations in the Animal Turn in Religious Studies

The author uses critical theorizations of empathy, compassion, and epistemology in order to draw out the limits of appeals to respond to nonhuman animal gazes in religious studies. Taking Aaron S. Gross’s and Donovan O. Schaefer’s recent works as exemplary, the author argues that empathetic postures towards vulnerability deny the potential violences of empathy and inadvertently reproduce the scholar as an ethical, conscious, and knowing subject. Instead, noninnocent framings of the relation of a scholar to her objects of study might allow religious studies to think more critically about the affective motivations of our desires to recognize the nonhuman animal and our epistemic limitations—especially in ways that do not presuppose the human/animal binary as a master binary whose collapse will entail the demise of racism, sexism, and colonialism.
Mispricing in the Black-Scholes model: an exploratory analysis

The Black-Scholes option pricing model has been highly influential in security trading and in analyses of risk-price relationships, despite the fact that it has been shown to have an apparent unexplainable mispricing bias. This study examines the mispricing exhibited by the Black-Scholes model and shows that it can be explained by the estimation procedures utilized and the measures of volatility. Specifically, a model is constructed to test for the systematic over- or underpricing of the Black-Scholes model. Striking price and time-to-maturity are included in the model. The model also includes an autoregressive error structure. Recognizing the autocorrelation in the errors improves estimation efficiency and predictability of future option prices. The method of entering implied volatility into the model has a great impact. When only one estimated implied volatility was used to explain the option data, the Black-Scholes model exhibited a bias that was a similar function of striking price for all of the securities studied. When separate estimated implied volatilities for different option positions were used, the bias as a function of striking price and time-to-maturity varied among securities. Predictions of market option prices based on the model containing striking price, time-to-maturity, and an autoregressive error structure were more accurate than those based on the Black-Scholes model.
Campylobacter Prevalence and Diversity in Antimicrobial Free and Conventionally Reared Market Swine

ORAL PRESENTATIONS Discussion and Conclusions: Among genotyping methods, PFGE has been shown to have superior discriminatory power and reproducibility. Currently, it is the gold standard fingerprinting technique used for subtyping foodborne bacterial pathogens in humans under the pulsenet system (CDC). AFLP has also, in recent years, gained popularity due to its high discriminatory power and reproducibility. However, these methods are also known to have a high initial cost and moderate ease of use (Gebreyes, 2003). Based on phenotypic classification of isolates in the present study, the most common and widespread cluster type (cluster type 11) was composed predominantly of phage type DT104. The genetic diversity within DT104 in the present study was limited as compared to other phage types. This is consistent with previous reports. Using antibiotyping as an alternative approach, two predominant pentaresistance types among 12 antibiotypes have been detected: AmCmStSuTe and AmKmStSuTe patterns (Gebreyes and Altier, 2002). The use of phage typing in addition to genotypic approaches remains an important step in subtyping Salmonella, particularly in outbreaks involving serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis as recommended previously (Ward et al., 2001).
Psychological Characteristics: The Real Barrier to Trade with Japan

Although the Multilateral Trade Negotiations, concluded on April 12, 1979, eliminated the overall tariff disparity on dutiable trade with Japan from 4.3 points in favor of Japan to 0.6 points in favor of the U.S. (MTN, 1979) it is doubtful that this will significantly alter their favorable balance of trade with the U.S. due to their unique national psychology. The purpose of this paper is to examine the salient psychological characteristics of the Japanese businessman in order to demonstrate how they protect their home market.
Teaching of Biochemistry in Medical School: A Well-Trodden Pathway?.

Biochemistry and molecular biology occupy a unique place in the medical school curriculum. They are frequently studied prior to medical school and are fundamental to the teaching of biomedical sciences in undergraduate medical education. These two circumstances, and the trend toward increased integration among the disciplines, have led to reconsideration of biochemistry instruction in many medical schools. We conducted a survey to explore the evolving trends in biochemistry education. A broad diversity was evident in parameters including course content, faculty, governance, prerequisites, and teaching methods. Notably, sharp differences were apparent between freestanding biochemistry courses and those in which biochemistry is integrated with other subjects. Furthermore, the data imply a likely trend toward increased integration of biochemistry with other disciplines in the medical school curriculum.
Fairness and delay guarantees of the new pipelined-sections buffer management method

The buffer manager provides the first line of defense against abusive flows that transmit excessive number of packets. The pipelined-sections buffer management scheme described in our earlier work [S.Y. Cheung et al., April 2001] can discriminate between compliant and abusive flows. It can also provide a lossless guarantee to compliant leaky bucket rate constrained flows using very low buffer reservations. In this paper, we present an improved version of the pipelined sections buffer management method that has O(1) run time complexity and can also provide a fairness and delay guarantee to leaky bucket compliant flows
Leading-edge receptivity to a vortical freestream disturbance: A numerical analysis

The receptivity to free-stream vorticity of the boundary layer over a flat plate with an elliptic leading edge is investigated numerically. The flow is simulated by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes system in general curvilinear coordinates with the vorticity and stream function as dependent variables. A finite-difference scheme which is second-order accurate in both space and time is used. As a first step, the steady basic-state solution is computed. Then a small amplitude vortical disturbance is introduced at the upstream boundary, and the governing equations are solved time-accurately to evaluate the spatial and temporal growth of the perturbations leading to instability waves (Tollmien-Schlichting waves) inside the boundary layer. Preliminary results for a symmetric, 2-D disturbance reveal the presence of TS waves aft of the flat-plate/ellipse juncture for an aspect ratio 6 leading edge subject to a non-dimensional forcing frequency of 230.
Incremental batch learning

Chapters 3 through 5 have described how incremental version-space merging can be used to learn incrementally from a sequence of training instances. More generally, however, the information processed by incremental version-space merging need not correspond directly training data; as long as a piece of information can be converted into a version space of viable concept definitions it can be used by incremental version-space merging.
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein M Forms a Disulfide-Linked Heterodimer with the UL49.5 Protein

Nine glycoproteins (gB, gC, gD, gE, gG, gH, gI, gK, and gL) have been identified in bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). gM has been identified in many other alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses, in which it appears to play a role in membrane penetration and cell-to-cell fusion. We sought to express BHV-1 open reading frame UL10, which encodes gM, and specifically identify the glycoprotein. We corrected a frameshift error in the published sequence and used the corrected sequence to design coterminal peptides from the C terminus. These were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein containing the 63 C-terminal amino acids from the corrected gM sequence engendered antibodies that immunoprecipitated a 30-kDa protein from in vitro translation reactions programmed with the UL10 gene. Proteins immunoprecipitated by this antibody from virus-infected cells ran at 36 and 43 kDa in reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 43 and 48 kDa in nonreducing SDS-PAGE. Only the larger of the pair was present in virions. A 7-kDa protein was released from gM by reducing agents. The 7-kDa protein was not recognized in Western blots probed with the anti-gM antibody but reacted specifically with antibodies prepared against BHV-1 UL49.5, previously reported to be a 9-kDa protein associated with an unidentified 39-kDa protein (X. Liang, B. Chow, C. Raggo, and L. A. Babiuk, J. Virol. 70:1448–1454, 1996). This is the first report of a small protein covalently bound to any herpesvirus gM. Similar patterns of hydrophobic domains and cysteines in all known gM and UL49.5 homologs suggest that these two proteins may be linked by disulfide bonds in all herpesviruses.
Contributions of supernovae to the chemical and dynamical evolution of the ISM

Supernovae of Types Ia, Ib, and II contribute, on average, 1051 ergs of turbulent energy to the interstellar medium for each 2 Mo of new heavy elements. This permits a dynamical extension of the homogeneous one-zone model (with constant IMF and instantaneous recycling) that is familiar from studies of galactic chemical evolution. Chemically possible scenarios predict current kinetic energy inputs ranging from 1039 to 1040 ery yr−1 per solar mass of interstellar gas. Dynamical studies might narrow this.
Image primitive signatures

Image signatures are generated from the comparison of segments contained within an image to a database of segments collected over a large variety of images. It is impossible to retain all of the segments from all of the images so the segments are clustered becomes an image primitive as each cluster contains a unique set of similar segments. The size of the image signature is NK where N is the number of segments and K is the number of clusters. These numbers are significantly smaller than the dimensions of the image and so a signature is a condensed representation of the contents of the image.
Oxidative inactivation of Escherichia coli by hypochlorous acid. Rates and differentiation of respiratory from other reaction sites.

The enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPOase) catalyzes peroxidation of Clto form hypochlorous acid, which is potently microbicidal [I]. Oxidation by hypochlorous acid is markedly selective for nucleophilic compounds [2,3]. Among the most reactive biological substrates are the electron-rich iron-sulfur proteins, carotenes, porphyrins and heme proteins, nucleotides and proteins containing active sulfhydryl groups [4]. These types of compounds are rapidly bleached by both HOC1 and cell-free MPOase-catalyzed chloride peroxidation systems 14-61. From these observations and the demonstration that bacterial cells exposed to HOC1 undergo irreversible oxidation of cytochrome 6, carotene and adenine nucleotides, we have inferred that the microbicidal action of HOC1 arises from interruption of energy-linked cellular respiration and, because phagocytizing leukocytes that contain MPOase are capable of generating HOC1 [I], that leukocytic disinfection can occur by analogous mechanisms 141. rough correspondence between the 2 phenomena, but the reports differ in quantitative detail, i.e., loss of respiration is either more [S] or less [7,9] sensitive than E. coli survival to chlorine oxidation. It is important to resolve this difference since loss of viability preceding respiratory loss would indicate the existence of other HOC1 disinfection mechanisms, whereas parallel loss would indicate that aerobic respiration is crucial to survival. We report here the results of experiments which demonstrate that E. coli is inactivated within milliseconds of exposure to HOC1 and that the initially oxidized sites responsible for killing are not respiratory components.
Lymphocysts; a complication of radical pelvic surgery.

Abstract Lymphocysts developed in 68 of 281 patients following pelvic lymphadenectomy, an incidence of 24 per cent. This is the second report in the American literature of this complication in a large series of cases. The statistical relationship of the incidence of lymphocyst formation to the stage of the carcinoma, preoperative irradiation, and metastases to the regional lymph nodes is presented. No one factor can be isolated as the causative agent at the present time. Methods of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are discussed. The significance of this problem is reflected in the prolonged postoperative disability that follows this complication.