cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematics of EPR spectra of GD3+ in some isostructural rare-earth trisulphate octahydrate hosts

Abstract X-band data on Gd 3+ ions doping some isostructural single crystals of rare-earth trisulphate octahydrate [R 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·8H 2 O] single crystals (RSH) have been obtained at room temperature for the hosts characterized by R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb and Y, and at liquid nitrogen and liquid helium temperatures for the hosts characterized by R = Pr, Sm, Eu and Y. The data are analyzed using a rigorous least-squares fitting procedure in which all resonant line positions obtained for various orientations of the external magnetic field are fitted simultaneously to the same spin Hamiltonian parameters. The intensities of the lines obtained at liquid helium temperatures indicate the absolute sign of the parameter b 2 0 to be negative for R = Pr, Eu and Y, whereas for the Sm host the sign of b 2 0 is found to be positive. While the parameter b 2 0 does not exhibit a clear cut linear dependence upon the host ion radius, the parameter b 2 0 is found to behave approximately linearly as a function of the host-ion radius. On the other hand, the zero-field splitting is found to be a linear function of the host ion radius at all three temperatures—room, liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. A comparison is presented of the systematics of the EPR spectra for the RSH hosts with those for some other isostructural rare-earth hosts.
The activated coagulation time: Suitability for monitoring heparin effect and neutralization during pediatric cardiac surgery*

Objectives: To determine how the stage of surgery affects the relationship between activated clotting time (ACT) and heparin effect in children undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to compare the results of ACT determinations made with two different coagulation timers using different clot detection technologies and activator compositions.
Distribution of breaking waves at the ocean surface

Surface waves play an important role in the exchange of mass, momentum and energy between the atmosphere and the ocean. The development of the wave field depends on wind, wave-wave and wave-current interactions and wave dissipation owing to breaking, which is accompanied by momentum fluxes from waves to currents. Wave breaking supports air-sea fluxes of heat and gas, which have a profound effect on weather and climate. But wave breaking is poorly quantified and understood. Here we present measurements of wave breaking, using aerial imaging and analysis, and provide a statistical description of related sea-surface processes. We find that the distribution of the length of breaking fronts per unit area of sea surface is proportional to the cube of the wind speed and that, within the measured range of the speed of the wave fronts, the length of breaking fronts per unit area is an exponential function of the speed of the front. We also find that the fraction of the ocean surface mixed by breaking waves, which is important for air-sea exchange, is dominated by wave breaking at low velocities and short wavelengths.
The Political Economy of Coalition-Formation: The Case of Livestock Enclosure in the Postbellum South

Abstract Economic conditions alone cannot explain the process of institutional change because conflicts between competing interest groups often must be resolved politically. Economic developments in the late 19th century increased the relative benefits of closing the range in Georgia, but distributional conflicts made enacting the new property rights arrangement in countrywide referenda difficult. This article explores how "progressive" farmers were able to form a political coalition in favor of income-enhancing agricultural reform. When their efforts to pass the closed range policy in local referenda failed, large planters used their political influence in the state legislature to stifle their opponents.
Impairment of folic acid absorption by oral pancreatic extracts.

Higher serum folate levels were found among newly diagnosed, untreated patients with pancreatic insufficiency than among treated patients despite greater fat malabsorption in the former group.In vivo folate absorption tests using tritium-labeled pteroylmonoglutamatic acid showed folate absorption to be enhanced in pancreatic insufficiency patients as compared to control subjects (P<0.01). Moreover, pancreatic extract significantly inhibited folate absorption in both normal subjects (P<0.05) and pancreatic insufficient patients (P<0.001).In vitro testing showed pancreatic extract to form insoluble complexes with folate. Such complex formation may diminish absorption of dietary folate and lead to folate deficiency. Since both pancreatic extract and bicarbonate are used in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency and both are known to impair folate absorption, folate status should be monitored in patients being treated for pancreatic insufficiency; supplementation may be indicated.
Tricyclic Steiner Triple Systems

A Steiner triple system of order ν, denoted STS(ν), is said to be tricyclic if it admits an automorphism whose disjoint cyclic decomposition consists of three cycles. In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a tricyclic STS(ν) for several cases. We also pose conjectures concerning their existence in two remaining cases.
Cultural regions of Canada and United States: Implications for international management research

We consider why international business research comparing values, attitudes, and behaviors of managers from the United States and Canada shows conflicting results about cultural differences and sim...
Identifying Rewards for Strategic Thinking — A Survey of CEOs and Middle Managers

Recently, the senior author of this study conducted a series of seminars for top executives on “Strategic Management: A Problem of Implementation”. The series followed the traditional seminar format in that a brief theoretical introduction was followed by lengthy open‐ended discussions. The most critical problem relating to strategic management, as perceived by the participants, was how to create an environment that encourages and rewards middle managers for thinking strategically. One of the executives aptly summarised the reasons for rewarding middle management for strategic thinking:
Energy-Gap Measurements in Type-II Superconductors by a New Method

Current-voltage characteristics are presented for pressure contacts between type-II superconductors and normal metals. The characteristics are studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field. A simple model of the phenomenon indicates that, under suitable conditions, a measure of the energy gap at the boundary can be obtained directly from the $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics.
Heterogeneous nucleation of calcium phosphates on solid surfaces in aqueous solution.

The heterogeneous nucleation of calcium phosphates on solid surfaces of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly-(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), silicone rubber, mica, and radiofrequency glow discharge (RFGD)-treated PMMA, FEP, and silicone rubber has been studied in solutions supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite. The surface properties of the substrates were characterized by contact angle measurements. For the RFGD-treated surfaces, the Lifshitz-Van der Waals surface tension component changes very little, but the Lewis acid-base surface tension parameters vary greatly depending upon the materials. With scanning electron microscopy, nucleation of calcium phosphates was observed only on the surfaces: mica, RFGD-treated PMMA and FEP, with relatively high values of the Lewis base surface tension parameter. The more hydrophobic surfaces having low Lewis acid-base surface tensions, untreated PMMA and FEP, silicone rubber, and even RFGD-treated silicone rubber showed no nucleation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sequence divergence of coiled coils--structural rods, myosin filament packing, and the extraordinary conservation of cohesins

The amino acid sequences of the long, anti-parallel coiled coils of the cohesin subunits SMC1 and SMC3 are almost totally conserved in mammals. To understand this exceptional conservation more broadly, we analyzed amino acid sequence variation for several groups of coiled-coil proteins. Some long coiled coils, including giantin, NuMA, and Ndc80p/Nuf2p diverge approximately 20% from humans to rodents, suggesting they function as spacer rods, whose sequence divergence is constrained only by the need to maintain the coiled-coil structure. Other coiled coils such as skeletal muscle myosin, intermediate filaments, and the lamins diverge only 1-3%. We suggest that this sequence divergence is constrained by the extensive packing contacts over the entire surface of the coiled-coil. The coiled coils of SMC5/6 and SMC2/4 (condensin) are slightly more constrained than the presumed spacer rods, diverging 10-15%. Conversely, the coiled coils of SMC1/3 (cohesin) diverge only 0.0-1.0%. This extreme constraint suggests that the entire surface of the coiled coil is intimately involved in the mechanism of sister chromatid cohesion. Direct binding of the coiled coils to chromatin, or perhaps the need to avoid such binding, are two possible mechanisms. Finally, analysis of the heptad repeat shows that the a and d positions are more constrained in spacer rods, and the bcefg positions more constrained in skeletal muscle myosin.
Selenium metabolism: I. Respiratory excretion

Abstract The amount of injected selenite or selenate had a significant effect on its metabolism. This effect rapidly decreased with time and was no longer detectable 48 h later. Our observations are compatible with the hypothesis that the reduction of selenite and selenate and the methylation of Se take place in the liver. Methylation of Se and the respiratory excretion of dimethyl selenide were not impaired in rats with cholin-deficient diet-induced fatty liver and cirrhosis. Rats fed a choline-deficient diet for 10 months reacted as if they also became Se-deficient. Experimental liver injury had a significant effect on the metabolism of selentae in vitro.
Dose-response relationships for furosemide ototoxicity in rat

Furosemide is an ototoxic loop diuretic which is highly bound to serum albumin. Previous studies have shown that rats deficient in albumin are more susceptible to furosemide ototoxicity than are rats with normal serum albumin concentrations. The present study was designed to compare the dose-response relationships for furosemide ototoxicity in rats with normal serum albumin concentration to rats without albumin in their serum. Young adult rats 50-80 days of age from each group were anesthetized with Rompun, and the endocochlear potential (EP) and compound action potential (CAP) thresholds were measured before and after furosemide injection. Afer a stable EP and CAP threshold were measured, each animal was injected with a single dose of furosemide through a cannula in the jugular vein. Rats with normal serum albumin had very little change in the EP or CAP threshold until the dose of furosemide was 40 mg/kg or greater. The dose-response curves for EP reduction and CAP threshold elevation then rose steeply to reach a maximum at 50 mg/kg. Albumin-deficient rats were much more sensitive to the effects of furosemide. The dose-response curves for both EP and CAP were shifted to the left. The doses resulting in half-maximal effects in the albumin-deficient rats were about half that found in the normal rats. These findings support the hypothesis that the access of furosemide to its site of ototoxic action in the cochlea depends on the quantity of unbound furosemide in the serum.
In Vitro Studies on Longwave Ultraviolet Light-Dependent Reactions of the Skin Photosensitizer Chlorpromazine with Nucleic Acids, Purines and Pyrimidines

Fluorescence spectral shifts were observed when chlorpromazine was irradiated with long-wave ultraviolet light in the presence of nucleic acids. An increase in fluorescence was accompanied by incorporation of radioactivity from 3 H-chlorpromazine into the alcohol-insoluble (nucleic acid) fraction of reaction mixtures. Apparent complex formation proceeded at a faster rate with single-stranded nucleic acids than with double-stranded nucleic acids. Spectral shifts also occurred when chlorpromazine was irradiated with thymine, cytosine, uracil, or adenine.
Ball motion in angular contact bearings

Abstract The nature of the frictional forces and moments applied to an angular contact bearing ball is examined in terms of slip, pivoting, spin and precession. Experimental methods for determining these quantities are given, together with results which indicate that the ball is retainer-controlled for pivoting, and race-controlled for slip.
Nonlinear cooperative dynamics in distributed power control for wireless networks

Power-controlled multiple access (PCMA) is a class of distributed algorithms for transmitter power control (TPC) in wireless networks. In this paper, we develop and evaluate a continuous analog (fluid model) of the discrete version of PCMA in order to clearly demonstrate PCMA's capability to, without centralized coordination, induce a network behavior akin to time-division multiple access (TDMA), which we call “induced” TDMA (iTDMA). This analysis allows us to provide new insights into the throughput improvements of PCMA over the classical and widely-used Foschini-Miljanic (FM) constant signal-to-interference algorithm for distributed TPC, particularly in high-interference channels. Furthermore, this fluid model shows that PCMA's iTDMA behavior is fundamentally tied to the functional form of the central PCMA equation, and that PCMA holds significant potential for various types of interference-limited wireless networks.
Interfacial engineering of pyridinium gemini surfactants for the generation of synthetic transfection systems

Pyridinium gemini surfactants possess a soft charge, a high charge/mass ratio and a high molecular flexibility – all key parameters that recommend their use in synthetic gene delivery systems with in vitro and in vivo efficiency. In present study we generated a DNA delivery system through interfacial engineering of pyridinium gemini surfactants at the level of linker, hydrophobic chains and counterions. The self-assembling of the pyridinium amphiphiles and the physicochemical properties of the resultant supra-molecular assemblies were studied in bulk and in solution through a combination of techniques that included DSC, X-ray diffraction, polarized microscopy, CMC, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. We assessed the impact of different structural elements and formulation parameters of these pyridinium amphiphiles on their DNA compaction properties, transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, in a complete structure–activity relationship study. This interfacial engineering process generated transfection systems with reduced cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency in media containing elevated levels of serum that mimic the in vivo conditions.
The role of labelling processes in the assessment of geriatric depression

Informed by a labelling theory perspective, the authors examine the difficulties in diagnosing depression in elderly persons. Two popular diagnostic tools, the DSM-III and depression scales, are used to illustrat the value judgements, theoretical biases, and insensitivity to geriatric norms that underlie the diagnostic decisions. The implications of these problems are discussed.
Radionuclide techniques for the evaluation of diseases of the urinary tract in children.

This review is directed toward a description of radionuclide techniques for the evaluation of disease of the urinary tract in children. The literature in this area is relatively sparse, and therefore the vast majority of the references are taken from adult experience. However, all the techniques described have been used by the authors and have been found to be equally applicable in children. Single injection clearances have gained a great deal of interest over the last several years since their simplicity and ease of performance offer particular advantages in dealing with children. The radio-hippuran renogram also has its place in evaluation of obstructive disease of the urinary tract but has yet to be fully appreciated by the practicing pediatrician. The renogram is particularly useful when combined with scintigraphy and computer analysis with area of interest generation of the curves. At the termination of a renogram it is perfectly feasible to also measure the residual urine if any exists. Scintigraphy is of use in patients with uremia for outlining the position and size of the kidneys and also can be used in the evaluation of a variety of congenital anomalies of the kidney including horseshoe kidney and crossed renal ectopia. Various combined radionuclide studies employing 99 Tc pertechnetate and 311 I-orthoiodohippurate may be useful in the evaluation of trauma. These studies demonstrate the presence of renal infarction and segmental areas of abnormal renal function. Ureterovesical reflux may also be demonstrated by the instillation of 99m Tc pertechnate into the urinary bladder with subsequent counting over the region of the kidneys. The field of renal transplantation, which is rapidly extending into the pediatric age group, has been greatly aided by the availability of radionuclide tests, especially serial sequential scintiphotos, which demonstrate the vascular patency of the anastomosis and the ability of the transplanted kidney to extract hippuran from the blood stream. A limited use for radiorenography and scintigraphy also exists in patients who have demonstrated contrast media sensitivity or in whom renal biopsy is to be performed and fluoroscopic localization of the kidney is not readily available.
Nonparametric location theory

This article presents an introduction to nonparametric location demand theory. The general framework is presented in simplified form, new graphical proofs are provided for established results, and the analysis is extended to provide new nonparametric results as well. One contribution of the nonparametric approach is that it is sometimes more easily extended than parametric models to deal with complications. Another contribution is that it brings the standard approach to location theory closer to the revealed preference approach, motivating a new empirical research agenda based on the latter methodology, testing the ordinal relationships predicted by the theory.
Ethnic Differences in Breast Cancer Survival: Status and Determinants:

Ethnic differences in breast cancer survival have been a long-standing concern. The objective of this article is to present relevant studies for all major US racial/ethnic groups including African–Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Japanese–Americans and Native Hawaiians, and to discuss underlying causes of disparity. In comparison to Caucasian women, African–American women continue to experience the poorest breast cancer-specific survival of all ethnic groups in the USA. The prognosis for Latinos, Native Hawaiians and Native Americans is intermediate, better than for African–Americans but not as good as for Caucasians, whereas Japanese–American women tend to have better outcomes. The following possible contributors to the observed differences are discussed in detail: unfavorable distribution of stage at diagnosis due to low screening rates, limited access to care and treatment, tumor type, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, obesity and physical activity.
Synovitis and osteoarthritic changes in canine articular cartilage after anterior cruciate ligament transection. Effect of surgical hemostasis

Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in the dog produces changes in the articular cartilage of the unstable knee that are consistent with those of osteoarthritis (OA). To determine whether the degrees of severity of OA cartilage changes, of synovitis, and of synovial iron deposition were related to adequacy of hemostasis at the time of ACLT, a modified surgical technique was devised, whereby electrocautery was used to obtain meticulous control of bleeding when the ligament was severed and irrigation was used to remove intraarticular blood before closure of the joint. When no particular attention was given to hemostasis, 69% of the dogs showed synovitis in the OA knee 10 weeks after ACLT; when electrocautery and irrigation were used to maintain hemostasis, synovitis was present in only 24% of the OA knees 10 weeks after ACLT (P less than 0.01). Iron deposits were present in 75% of synovial samples obtained after routine ACLT, but in only 6% (P less than 0.001) when attention was given to hemostasis. Hypertrophy of articular cartilage, chondrocyte cloning, fibrillation, and changes in tangential zone chondrocytes were less prominent in the OA knee when electrocautery and irrigation were used. However, the water content, uronic acid concentration, and rate of net 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycan synthesis were similarly increased regardless of the surgical technique used, and presumably, these changes reflect the reaction of joint cartilage to mechanical instability in this model of OA.
Ascaris suum: Aldolase I Purification and immunologic study☆

Abstract Fructose-1,6-diphosphate d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate lyase (aldolase) (EC 4.1.2.13) from the body wall of Ascaris suum was purified 80-fold by a combination of salt precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. A group of pigs was immunized with the purified aldolase preparation and was subsequently challenged with infective Ascaris larvae. The immunized animals showed clinical and histopathologic symptoms of acute sensitization reaction. Thrice as many larvae were found in the nonimmunized control pigs as compared to the immunized animals.
Incorporating human intention into self-adaptive systems

Self-adaptive systems are fed with contextual information from the environments in which the systems operate, from within themselves, and from the users. Traditional self-adaptive systems research has focused on inputs of systems performance, resources, exception, and error recovery that drive systems' reaction to their environments. The intelligent ability of these self-adaptive systems is impoverished without knowledge of a user's covert attention (thoughts, emotions, feelings). As a result, it is difficult to build effective systems that anticipate and react to users' needs as projected by covert behavior. This paper presents the preliminary research results on capturing users' intention through neural input, and in reaction, commanding actions from software systems (e.g., load an application) based on human intention. Further, systems can self-adapt and refine their behaviors driven by such human covert behavior. The long-term research goal is to incorporate and synergize human neural input. Thus establishing software systems with a self-adaptive capability to "feel" and "anticipate" users intentions and put the human in the loop.
Investigation of the Spatial Structure of the Microcirculation in a Capillary Bundle From Rat Spinotrapezius Muscle Tissue

The microcirculation in the fascia of rat spinotrapezius muscle is studied using a computational approach that accounts for the shear- and hematocrit-dependent rheology of blood [1]. The simulations are based on a realistic network reconstruction derived from microscopic images of the fascia. The model includes fundamental aspects about passive properties of microvessels [5] as well as active myogenic constriction in arterioles [2]. We also present the development of a software tool to perform a spatial analysis of the hemodynamic results. This tool provides local information about the flow properties within a spatial microvessel network map in order to optimize the comparison with experiments. A review can be found in [4].© 2013 ASME
AMPA Receptor-Dependent Clustering of Synaptic NMDA Receptors Is Mediated by Stargazin and NR2A/B in Spinal Neurons and Hippocampal Interneurons

Under standard conditions, cultured ventral spinal neurons cluster AMPA- but not NMDA-type glutamate receptors at excitatory synapses on their dendritic shafts in spite of abundant expression of the ubiquitous NMDA receptor subunit NR1. We demonstrate here that the NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B are not routinely expressed in cultured spinal neurons and that transfection with NR2A or NR2B reconstitutes the synaptic targeting of NMDA receptors and confers on exogenous application of the immediate early gene product Narp the ability to cluster both AMPA and NMDA receptors. The use of dominant-negative mutants of GluR2 further showed that the synaptic targeting of NMDA receptors is dependent on the presence of synaptic AMPA receptors and that synaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors are linked by Stargazin and a MAGUK protein. This system of AMPA receptor-dependent synaptic NMDA receptor localization was preserved in hippocampal interneurons but reversed in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
Information theory and Kalman filtering methods for the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract The Kalman filter is a recursive, digital filtering algorithm which has been used for state and parameter estimation in several areas of chemistry. The filter is based on a two-part model, consisting of a description of the system dynamics, and a description of the measurement process. The algorithm equations allow both linear and nonlinear models to be employed, and offer several advantages over more conventional fitting procedures. Here, some studies are described which are based on the use of Kalman filtering techniques for the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds. Thin-layer chromatographic techniques have been used in conjunction with fluorescence spectroscopic detection to determine these compounds. Several approaches using the Kalman filter have been developed to allow improved analysis characteristics for these compounds. The Kalman filter algorithm has been used to resolve overlapped chromatographic and fluorescence responses. An adaptive Kalman filter algorithm has been combined with a derivative spectroscopic model which allows variable background responses to be subtracted and accurate concentration estimates to be obtained. In addition, the Kalman filter has been used in conjunction with information theory principles in order to determine optimal experimental designs for multidimensional fluorescence measurements. Two related measures of the information yield have been employed to select subsets of an excitation—emission matrix which yield the highest information.
UPTAKE OF 22Na BY INTACT SEEDS

SUMMARY When the intact seeds of forty-two species were exposed to a salt-isotope solution containing 22Na it was found that about 75% of the different seeds showed signs of accumulation of the 22Na. All halophytes and species associated with halophytes, with one exception, displayed the above-mentioned pattern. The seeds responded to a 24 hour exposure period by either decreasing, remaining essentially the same, or increasing in uptake of 22Na as compared with an 8 hour exposure period. Surface area of the seeds, as determined for twenty species, had no apparent relationship to 22Na uptake. The time interval to first germination showed a relationship to sodium uptake for grasses only, and this was valid only up to a 48 hour germination period. The two grasses Oryzopsis hymenoides and Secale montanum. were for some reason an exception to the above trend. The per cent total germination of the seeds after 149.5 hours showed no relationship to 22Na uptake.
Obstacles to Understanding Cognition As Situated

Greeno (1997) argued that these are misreadings of situative positions, occasioned by paradigmatic differences in presupposition and language: "In discussions of the situative and cognitive perspectives, proponents of the two sides tend to talk and write past each other because they address different questions" (pp. 5-6). Greeno is optimistic that "by identifying the presuppositions of the different questions, we can clarify substantive differences between the perspectives and thereby understand better what theoretical and educational issues are at stake in the debate" (p. 6). But despite his notable effort to contrast the cognitive and situative presuppositions, Anderson, Reder, and Simon (1997) continue to see the problems as "more linguistic than substantive" (p. 19): "For the life of us, we fail to see the difference between these questions" (p. 19); "A rhetorical language game is being played" (p. 19); "If it were not for Greeno's labeling we would not have been able to guess which was the cognitive and which was the situated question" (p. 20). In this response, we explore the current state of situated cognition theory and point to underlying issues that remain to be clarified for the substantive differences be-
Reactivity of Intermediates in the Photochemistry of Copper(II) Macrocyclic Complexes

The reactivity of unstable copper macrocycles which act as intermediates in photochemical transformations of copper(II) complexes with synthetic macrocyclic ligands has been reviewed. Although most of these species were investigated by flash photolysis, a number of pulse radiolytic investigations of related species were also incorporated in this review.
Computer‐Enhanced Beginning Russian

: The initial encounter with a foreign language requires a successful integration of oral, aural, and visual stimuli. A student of beginning Russian must learn to recognize the Cyrillic letters in print and cursive forms and to associate these symbols with underlying units of sound. CALL (computer-aided language learning) provides an effective platform for this complex orchestration. A working prototype for introducing the Russian writing and sound system, the “Russian Dynamic Hand” (RDH) has been available for student use at the LSU Foreign Language Laboratory since September 1988. The project's evolution is discussed from an initial graphics-centered IBM prototype to a Macintosh version enhanced by an audio component. Central to the development of the second adaptation is the utilization of commercially available innovative computer authoring systems and templates. Future modifications incorporating expanded pronunciation drills and applying alternate technologies are considered.
Method for the display of avian chromosomes.

WHILE chickens and other avian species have been widely used as subjects in many areas of biology, especially embryology, karyological investigations in birds have been restricted because of inherent and procedural difficulties1. The relatively large number of small chromosomes seen in birds, the number and morphology of which cannot easily be ascertained, has been one discouraging factor. Another is the fact that the leucocyte culture technique developed by Moorhead et al.2, while generally applicable to mammals, is unsuitable for feral birds. We have found that parasites, which are normally found in the blood, proliferate in culture and interfere with the procedure. This communication describes a simple method for the display of avian chromosomes which has been used with a variety of tissues taken from both praecoces and altrices.
Uterine Artery Embolization for Control of Life-Threatening Hemorrhage at Menarche: Brief Report

Uncontrolled acute menorrhagia resulting in hemodynamic instability in the adolescent is uncommon. We report a case of life-threatening menorrhagia upon first menses in a 12-year-old girl who was successfully treated with uterine artery embolization after failure of standard gynecologic and medical measures. Testing eventually revealed a coagulopathy that resulted from decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity in combination with an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Coagulation disorders are more common in patients presenting with severe menorrhagia upon menarche. Interventional radiologists should be aware of such coagulation abnormalities and the differences between adults and adolescents when contemplating uterine artery embolization for adolescent patients.
Neuronal and intracellular signaling pathways mediating GLP-1 energy balance and glycemic effects

The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is physiologically involved in the control of energy balance and blood glucose homeostasis. Thus, GLP-1-based pharmaceuticals are emerging as a potent treatment for not only type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but potentially for obesity as well. Despite the plethora of investigations over the last two decades examining the physiological, endocrine, and behavioral responses mediated by the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), the field is only recently embracing the perspective that GLP-1-mediated control of food intake and glycemia involves action on GLP-1R that are distributed throughout the periphery (e.g. pancreatic β-cells, vagus nerve), as well as action on many GLP-1R-expressing nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS). This review highlights peripheral, as well as central GLP-1R populations that mediate GLP-1's food intake inhibitory and glycemic effects. In addition, focus is devoted to recent studies that examine the GLP-1R-mediated intracellular signaling pathways that are required for GLP-1's glycemic and feeding responses.
Immunological Transference: Commensals Get Kicked

The classic device to explain psychological transference involves a bad day at work that results in a dog being kicked. New work by Hand et al. indicates that the mammalian immune system may also engage in a type of transference. The authors show that gastrointestinal pathogens can incite an immune response that is directed against both the pathogens and the commensal gastrointestinal bacteria required for appropriate bowel function. The immune system must allow commensal organisms to survive in the bowel while keeping them from entering other body spaces. How gastrointestinal infection upsets this balance is not well understood. Hand et al. examined this question by infecting mice with a parasite and tracking the expansion of T cells that recognized commensal organisms but not the parasite. These commensal-specific T cells expanded upon parasitic infection, indicating that the adaptive immune system is unable to discriminate pathogens from commensal microbes during infection. Despite clearance of the parasite from the bowel, as determined by fluorescence microscopy, activated commensal-specific T cells persisted. The observation that T cells that mediated the immune attack of commensal organisms lasted long after the pathogen had left the bowel provides a new bit of evidence that supports a clinical association between infection and autoimmunity. However, wild-type mice did not show evidence of inflammatory bowel pathology after the parasitic infection was cleared, despite the presence of these T cells. It is possible that the commensal-specific T cells could cause mucosal pathology by attacking mucosal commensal bacteria. Whether chronic exposure of commensal-specific T cells to their target bacteria inactivates these T cells or whether active immuoregulatory mechanisms restrain commensal-specific immunity are future research questions that will provide a mechanism for prevention of immunopathology from “immune transference.” T. W. Hand et al ., Acute gastrointestinal infection induces long-lived microbiota-specific T cell responses. Science 337 , 1553–1556 (2012). [[Full Text] ][1] [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6101/1553.long
PURE CULTIVATION OF SPIROCHAETA REFRINGENS.

A strain of Spirochœta refringens has been obtained in pure culture, and its morphological and cultural characteristics have been studied. The strain possessed no pathogenicity for rabbits or monkeys. It probably belongs to the genus Treponema, but it is easily differentiated from Treponema pallidum, Treponema microdentium, and Treponema macrodentium. Its relation to Spirochœta balanitidis and Spirochœta buccalis is still undetermined.
Self healing in System-S

Faults in a cluster are inevitable. The larger the cluster, the more likely the occurrence of some failure in hardware, in software, or by human error. System-S software must detect and self-repair failures while carrying out its prime directive--enabling stream processing program fragments to be distributed and connected to form complex applications. Depending on the type of failure, System-S may be able to continue with little or no disruption to potentially tens of thousands of interdependent and heterogeneous program fragments running across thousands of nodes. We extend the work we previously presented on the self healing nature of the job manager component in System-S by presenting how it can handle failures of other system components, applications and network infrastructure. We also evaluate the recoverability of the job management orchestrator component of System-S, considering crash failures with and without error propagation.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Market Segmentation and Product Family Definition

Market demand models capable of representing heterogeneous preferences in a consumer population have seen increased use in engineering design problems. This paper explores how the choice of a Latent Class multinomial logit or hierarchical Bayes mixed logit model of consumer preference can influence the results of a feature-package design problem. In this case study, three different approaches to optimizing a product family design with respect to preference share are demonstrated: designing optimal products for each latent class, designing an optimal product family spanning all latent classes, and designing an optimal product family spanning all individual respondents. The preference share and the computational expense for each solution are reported and discussed. Analysis of the results shows that individual products designed for each latent class capture maximum preference share in both the latent class and hierarchical Bayes models. Finally, a product architecture study is conducted to balance the conflicting objectives of market coverage and product family complexity.
Miocene biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California, and characterization of the Clarendonian mammal age (late Miocene) in California

i ng on other continents (Savage and Russell, 1983). The characterization of the NMLMA has undergone continuous revision since 1941, but the The Dove Spring Formation (DSF) is an 1,800-m-thick succes- first comprehensive redefinition was recently completed after a 12-year sion of fluvial, lacustrine, and volcanic rocks that contains a nearly effort (Woodburne, 1987). Detailed studies of local successions, such as continuous sequence of diverse vertebrate fossil assemblages. When the Dove Spring Formation (DSF), provide the data needed for further the North American provincial mammalian ages were originally de- refinement of the North American terrestrial biochronologic system, fined in 1941, the fossil fauna of the DSF (now part of the Ricardo Due to rapid rates of speciation in fossil mammals during Cenozoic Group) was one of four fossil assemblages named as principal correla- time, it is possible to construct detailed biostratigraphic histories that often tives of the Clarendonian mammal age. Early radiometric work depict complex evolutionary patterns. Terrestrial vertebrates are influ- yielded a maximum age of 10.0 Ma for this fossil assemblage, and by enced by tectonic barriers and local environmental factors, however, and correlation to the Great Plains of the United States, this date was these animals become isolated into regional zoogeographic provincial as- considered representative of Clarendonian time. s ociations. The significance of biostratigraphies developed in localized ba- Detailed geologic mapping and precise stratigraphic control of sins thus cannot be fully evaluated in the absence of independent fossils collected in the DSF permit the development of a biostratig- chronological control. raphy consisting of four mammalian fossil assemblage zones. The ; Radiometric-dating techniques provide a powerful tool for establish- biologic characterization of the Clarendonian mammal age in Califor- ing the desired age control. Radioisotopic dates (Evernden and others, nia is expanded on the basis of this succession of assemblage zones. 1964) have yielded valuable insights into timing of evolutionary events, Radiometric and paleomagnetic results provide a detailed chron- but these dates could only be applied to a limited number of fossil-bearing ologic framework that indicates a time span from at least 13.5 Ma to sequences, most found in the far-western United States. More recently, 7.3 Ma for the fossils of the DSF. Furthermore, the new sequence of studies utilizing magnetic polarity stratigraphy, often in conjunction with assemblage zones helps to fill faunal gaps that appear to exist at the radiometric dating, have been successfully applied to terrestrial sediments
Mycosis fungoides in young patients: Clinical characteristics and outcome

Abstract Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) can begin as early as the first decade of life. Few studies have reviewed MF in younger patients and none has been large enough to assess prognosis and outcome. Objective: We reviewed the clinical characteristics, prognosis, factors related to disease progression, and therapy in patients with MF younger than 35 years of age. Methods: Fifty-eight patients were entered into this retrospective cohort analysis. Results: Significantly fewer patients with MF who are younger than 35 years presented with erythroderma (T4) and more with limited patch/plaque (T1) disease than older patients. Duration of skin disease before diagnosis of MF did not vary between the two groups. The long-term survival of younger patients with MF is significantly decreased when compared with a race-, age-, and sex-matched control population ( p p p = 0.47, p = 0.59). Patient age was not a significant predictor of survival when controlled for T-stage. Sixteen of 58 young patients with MF have died, 13 because of MF (22%), compared with 138 of 500 older patients (28%) who died as a result of MF. All younger patients with MF who progressed had at least T2 disease at presentation. Fifty of 56 young patients with MF and T1-T3 disease were treated initially with total skin electron beam or topical nitrogen mustard. The response to therapy was similar in younger and older patients with MF. Conclusion: T1 disease is more common and T4 disease is unusual in young patients with MF compared with an older population of patients with MF. Young patients with T1 disease, all of whom were treated with either topical nitrogen mustard or total skin electron beam therapy, or both therapies, showed no disease progression. Overall, young patients with MF showed slightly better DSS, but this was because of differences in stage distribution.(J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:696-701.)
Vibration and wave propagation attenuation for metamaterials by periodic piezoelectric arrays with high-order resonant circuit shunts

Beam or plate metamaterials with periodic piezoelectric arrays have attracted more and more attention in recent years for wave propagation attenuation and the corresponding vibration reduction. Conventional designs use resistive shunt (R-shunt) and resistor-inductor shunt (RL-shunt). An innovative metamaterial with a high-order resonant shunt circuit is proposed and investigated for vibration and wave propagation attenuation in this paper. The proposed high-order resonant shunt circuit can introduce two local resonances in series around the tuning frequency to broaden the attenuation bandwidth, or can create two separate resonances to achieve two separate bandgaps. Finite element modeling of the beam metamaterial with wave propagation and vibration in the transverse direction is established. Simulations have been conducted to compare the vibration attenuation performances among R-shunt, RL-shunt, and the proposed high-order shunt. An impedance-based method has been presented for the parameter design of electrical components in the proposed high-order shunt for bandgaps at two desired frequencies.
Toward a further understanding of the intuitive personologist: Some preliminary evidence for the dialectical quality of subjective personality impressions

Despite significant advances over the past three decades in our understanding of the implicit personality theorist, some important questions remain, particularly as regards the nature of the underlying reasoning process by which subjectively meaningful personality impressions are formulated and expressed. The present article seeks to address this issue, with particular attention being given to the distinction between demonstrative and dialectical reasoning. Preliminary empirical evidence is offered to suggest that, at least under certain conditions, lay persons formulate and express subjective personality impressions on the basis of a reasoning process that is essentially dialectical in nature. Some major implications of this point of view for the study of the intuitive personologist are discussed. The limitations of the evidence presented, and the need for further research are also noted.
Achieving Higher Modulation Efficiency in Electrooptic Polymer Modulator With Slotted Silicon Waveguide

Silicon slot waveguide based Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulators with electrooptic polymers in the slot have the advantage of low half-wave voltage-length product (Vπ *L). Several key aspects of this unconventional electrooptic polymer modulator design to optimize the modulator performance are studied in this work. Both computer simulation and experiments have been conducted to understand the relationship between modulator performance such as modulation efficiency, optical loss and the waveguide design parameters. Techniques to achieve efficient poling of electrooptic polymers in the silicon slot waveguide have been developed. The doping of the silicon to enhance conductivity for efficient poling and the trade-off between conductivity and optical loss are experimentally investigated. Surface passivation of silicon nanophotonic structures has been found to be effective in improving poling efficiency. By applying these techniques to a silicon slot waveguide Mach-Zehnder modulator, a low Vπ*L of 0.52 V ·cm has been achieved. Finally travelling wave electrode designs have been evaluated and the results show that the bandwidth is mainly limited by the attenuation of the radio frequency signal in the electrode and a standard coplanar waveguide electrode design is able to reach 20 GHz in modulators of silicon slot waveguide embedded in electrooptic polymer.