cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
L/I‐13 Donor hepatectomy morbidity based on the Clavien scale

Introduction and methods: Reported rates of complications after donor hepatectomy vary widely. One reason may be lack of standardization of reporting. In order to assess 1-year morbidity after donor hepatectomy based on the modified Clavien scale (MCS), which has been proposed as a quantitative scoring system for postsurgical complications, we conducted a retrospective review of 127 living donors at our center through December 2004 (minimum 1-year follow-up). Results: A total of 76 donors underwent right hepatectomy (RH); 51, left or lateral hepatectomy (LH). In all, 36% of donors experienced a complication as defined by the MCS: 27% of LH donors and 42% of RH donors. The distribution of complications is illustrated in the table below. The most common grade 1 complications were wound infection (7.8%) and ileus (7.1%); grade 2, psychiatric problems and urinary tract infection; grade 3, hernia/wound revision (11.8%). The rate of bile leak was 3.9%; heterologous transfusion, 1.6%. There was 1 aborted procedure. The mean length of stay was 6.3 days for LH donors and 7.2 days for RH donors (p=.02). Conclusion: Our data indicate that RH donors experience a higher severity of complications than LH donors, according to Clavien scoring, and the length of hospital stay for RH donors is longer. Systematic application of the MCS may permit large-scale comparisons of reported complications and thus help improve results of donor hepatectomy. *Clavien score LH RH Total *Chi-squared p = 0.046 comparing Clavien 0/I vs. II/III/IV. 0 37 44 81 I 8 12 20 II 3 7 10 III 3 14 16 IV 0 0 0 Total 11 76 46
Lack of Antianemic Principle in Human Liver from Case of Carcinoma of Stomach

SummaryAn extract was prepared from a human liver obtained from a patient whose death was due to carcinoma of the pyloric and prepyloric regions of the stomach. Its administration to a patient with Addisonian pernicious anemia in relapse failed to produce reticulocytic response. A control extract was prepared from the liver of a patient whose death was due to cerebral hemorrhage. Its administration to the same patient caused a marked stimulation of hematopoiesis. It is of interest that the portions of gastric mucosa which were replaced by neoplastic tissue in the patient with carcinoma of the stomach were those which, according to experimental observations, are the most active in the production of the "intrinsic factor."
Chiral photochemistry within a confined space: diastereoselective photorearrangements of a tropolone and a cyclohexadienone included in a synthetic cavitand

The value of a supramolecular assembly to enforce a closer interaction between a chiral auxiliary and a reaction center has been established using photoreactions of tropolone and cyclohexadienone derivatives. Two probe molecules utilized to establish the concept undergo 4 e- electrocyclization and oxa-di-pi-methane rearrangement from excited singlet and triplet state, respectively. The chiral auxiliaries investigated here has no/little effect in acetonitrile solution during phototransformations of the probe molecules to yield products with new chiral centers. On the other hand the same ones are able to enforce diastereoselectivities to the extent of approximately 30% when the reactions occur within the restricted space of a capsule made up of a synthetic cavitand commonly known as octa acid. Extensive NMR studies have been utilized to characterize the guest-host supramolecular structures. The results presented here should be of value in the overall understanding of chiral induction in photochemical reactions.
Arecibo 1418 MHz Polarimetry of 98 Pulsars: Full Stokes Profiles and Morphological Classifications

We have measured full Stokes parameter profiles of 98 pulsars at 21 cm from Arecibo observatory. Average profiles are presented with integration times as long as 1/3 day. We have studied the resulting profiles and other published data on each pulsar and classified them according to the Rankin morphological scheme.
Structural Abnormalities in the Brainstem and Cerebellum in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: Commentary on the article by Kumar et al. on page 275

Structural Abnormalities in the Brainstem and Cerebellum in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: Commentary on the article by Kumar et al. on page 275
Near-surface thermal characterization of plasma facing components using the 3-omega method

Abstract Near-surface regime plays an important role in thermal management of plasma facing components in fusion reactors. Here, we applied a technique referred to as the ‘3 ω ’ method to measure the thermal conductivity of near-surface regimes damaged by ion irradiation. By modulating the frequency of the heating current in a micro-fabricated heater strip, the technique enables the probing of near-surface thermal properties. The technique was applied to measure the thermal conductivity of a thin ion-irradiated layer on a tungsten substrate, which was found to decrease by nearly 60% relative to pristine tungsten for a Cu ion dosage of 0.2 dpa.
Phorbol diester treatment promotes enhanced adenylate cyclase activity in frog erythrocytes

Abstract Incubation of intact frog erythrocytes with 12- O -tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor-promoting phorbol diester which activates protein kinase C, results in an approximate two- to threefold increase in subsequently tested β-adrenergic agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. This increase is due to an elevation in the V max of the enzyme rather than to a change in affinity for the agonist. TPA treatment of frog erythrocytes does not alter the affinity ( K D ) or the binding capacity ( B max ) for the β-adrenergic antagonist [ 125 I]cyanopindolol. In addition, agonist/[ 125 I]cyanopindolol competition curves are not affected by TPA pretreatment nor is their sensitivity to guanine nucleotides. Incubation of frog erythrocyte membranes alone with TPA does not promote sensitization or activation of adenylate cyclase activity. Pretreatment of intact frog erythrocytes with TPA also produces approximately two- to threefold increases in basal, guanine nucleotide-, prostaglandin E 1 -, forskolin-, NaF-, and MnCl 2 -stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in frog erythrocyte membranes. This enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity by TPA is induced rapidly ( t 1 2 ≅ 5 min ) and with an EC 50 of about 10 −7 to 10 −6 m . Other tumor-promoting phorbol diesters or phorbol diester-like compounds including 4β-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, 4β-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, and mezerein are effective in promoting enhanced adenylate cyclase activity. In contrast, phorbols such as 4β-phorbol, 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, and 4- O -methylphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which are inactive in tumor promotion and which do not activate protein kinase C, do not affect frog erythrocyte adenylate cyclase activity. These data are suggestive of a protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of one of the adenylate cyclase components that is distal to the receptor, i.e., the nucleotide regulatory and/or catalytic components.
Science and the Art of Georgia O'Keeffe: Creative Ideas Honorable Mention

(1989). Science and the Art of Georgia O'Keeffe: Creative Ideas Honorable Mention. Science Activities: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 19-21.
Haploscope: A tool for the graphical display of haplotype: Structure in populations

Patterns of linkage disequilibrium are often depicted pictorially by using tools that rely on visualizations of raw data or pairwise correlations among individual markers. Such approaches can fail to highlight some of the more interesting and complex features of haplotype structure. To enable natural visual comparisons of haplotype structure across subgroups of a population (e.g. isolated subpopulations or cases and controls), we propose an alternative visualization that provides a novel graphical representation of haplotype frequencies. We introduce Haploscope, a tool for visualizing the haplotype cluster frequencies that are produced by statistical models for population haplotype variation. We demonstrate the utility of our technique by examining haplotypes around the LCT gene, an example of recent positive selection, in samples from the Human Genome Diversity Panel. Haploscope, which has flexible options for annotation and inspection of haplotypes, is available for download at http://scheet.org/software.
Multigrid methods for the computation of singular solutions and stress intensity factors II: Crack singularities

We consider the Poisson equation −Δu=f with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition on a two-dimensional polygonal domain Ω with cracks. Multigrid methods for the computation of singular solutions and stress intensity factors using piecewise linear functions are analyzed. The convergence rate for the stress intensity factors is $$\mathcal{O}(h^{(3/2) - \in } )$$ whenfeL 2(Ω) and $$\mathcal{O}(h^{(2 - \in )} )$$ whenfeH 1(Ω). The convergence rate in the energy norm is $$\mathcal{O}(h^{(1 - \in )} )$$ in the first case and $$\mathcal{O}(h)$$ in the second case. The costs of these multigrid methods are proportional to the number of elements in the triangulation. The general case wherefeH m (Ω) is also discussed.
Ran-binding protein 1 (RanBP1) forms a ternary complex with Ran and karyopherin beta and reduces Ran GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP) inhibition by karyopherin beta.

The nuclear accumulation of proteins containing nuclear localization signals requires the Ran GTPase and a complex of proteins assembled at the nuclear pore. RanBP1 is a cytosolic Ran-binding protein that inhibits RCC1-stimulated release of GTP from Ran. RanBP1 also promotes the binding of Ran to karyopherin β (also called importin β and p97) and is a co-stimulator of RanGAP activity. Yeast karyopherin β inhibits the GTP hydrolysis by Ran catalyzed by RanGAP. To further define the roles of RanBP1 and karyopherin β in Ran function, we explored the effects of RanBP1 and karyopherin β on mammalian proteins known to regulate Ran. Like RanBP1, karyopherin β prevented the release of GTP from Ran stimulated by RCC1 or EDTA. As with the yeast protein, mammalian karyopherin β completely blocked RanGAP activity. However, the addition of RanBP1 to this assay partially rescued the inhibited RanGAP activity. Kinetic analysis of the effects on RanGAP activity by karyopherin β and RanBP1 revealed a combination of competitive and noncompetitive interactions. Solution binding assays confirmed the ability of RanBP1 to associate with Ran and karyopherin β in a ternary complex, and RanBP1 binding was not competed out by the addition of karyopherin β. These results demonstrate that RanBP1 and karyopherin β interact with distinct sites of Ran and suggest that RanBP1 plays an essential role in nuclear transport by permitting RanGAP-mediated hydrolysis of GTP on Ran complexed to karyopherin β.
Breakthrough: new guidance for silent cerebral ischemia and infarction in sickle cell disease

Silent cerebral infarction (SCI) is a highly prevalent and morbid condition in sickle cell disease (SCD). SCI can occur beginning in the first year of life and becomes more common with increasing age. Potentially modifiable risk factors for SCI include anemia and blood pressure. Headache does not appear to be associated with SCI, so neurologically normal children with headache do not necessarily warrant screening MRI for SCI. SCI does affect cognition, but biological determinants of cognition are not more important than socioeconomic factors. The recent identification of acute silent cerebral ischemic events indicates that the total burden of ischemic injury to the brain in SCD is far greater than previously realized. Acute anemic events appear to increase the risk of acute silent cerebral ischemic events and SCI dramatically. The medical management of SCI is not yet defined, but documentation of the presence of SCI may qualify affected individuals for special resources because comprehensive interventions are needed to optimize patients' academic and vocational outcomes.
Ion implantation effects on fatigue properties of Fe-13Cr-15Ni alloys

Bend fatigue tests and microhardness measurements were carried out on eight complex Fe-13Cr-15Ni alloys based on the composition Fe-13Cr-15Ni-2Mo-2Mn-0.2Ti-0.8Si-0.06C, implanted simultaneously with 400 keV boron and 550 keV nitrogen ions to a dose of 2.3{times}10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2} for each ion. For all eight alloys, the dual implantation improved surface hardness but reduced the fatigue life. Optical microscopy revealed that the implantation suppressed slip band formation and slip band crack initiation. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the near surface microstructures. It is evident that the suppression of slip band formation promoted grain boundary cracking to relieve stresses developed in the grains, thus leading to a reduced fatigue life. A similar study of four simple alloys based on the ternary Fe-13Cr-15Ni indicated that while dual implantation improved fatigue life, up to 250% in one case, triple implantation with boron, nitrogen and carbon ions reduced fatigue life, again due to a shift to grain boundary cracking. Improvement in fatigue properties of polycrystalline alloys by multiple ion implantation thus is limited by the presence of grain boundaries. 13 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
A Textual Analysis of Fortune Cookie Sayings: How Chinese Are They?

The present study analyzes 595 fortune cookie sayings as cultural texts and explores the predominant values and ideologies embedded in those texts. The study indicates that fortune cookie sayings f...
The Role of Histidine 632 in Catalysis by Human Topoisomerase I

Based on the crystal structure of human topoisomerase I, we hypothesized that hydrogen bonding between the side chain of the highly conserved His(632) and one of the nonbridging oxygens of the scissile phosphate contributes to catalysis by stabilizing the transition state. This hypothesis has been tested by examining the effects of changing His(632) to glutamine, asparagine, alanine, and tryptophan. The change to glutamine reduced both the relaxation activity and single-turnover cleavage activity by approximately 100-fold, whereas the same change at three other conserved histidines (positions 222, 367, and 406) had no significant effect on the relaxation activity. The properties of the mutant protein containing asparagine instead of histidine at position 632 were similar to those of the glutamine mutant, whereas mutations to alanine or tryptophan reduced the activity by approximately 4 orders of magnitude. The reduction in activity for the mutants was not due to alterations in substrate binding affinities or changes in the cleavage specificities of the proteins. The above results for the glutamine mutation in conjunction with the similar effects of pH on the wild type and the H632Q mutant enzyme rule out the possibility that His(632) acts as a general acid to protonate the leaving 5'-oxygen during the cleavage reaction. Taken together, these data strongly support the hypothesis that the only role for His(632) is to stabilize the pentavalent transition state through hydrogen bonding to one of the nonbridging oxygens.
Parameter estimation in a highly non-linear model using simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation

Often it is necessary to estimate the parameters of a model or unknown system. Various techniques exist to accomplish this task, including Kalman and Wiener filtering, least-mean-square (LMS) algorithms, and the Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M) algorithm. These techniques require an analytic form of the gradient of the function of the parameters to be estimated. A key feature of the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) method is that it is a gradient-free optimization technique (Spall; 1992,1998a,b, 1999). In the current problem, the function of parameters to be identified is highly non-linear and of sufficient difficulty that obtaining an analytic form of the gradient is impractical. Therefore, in this paper the performance of the SPSA algorithm will be examined in terms of parameter selection, data requirements, and convergence performance on this non-linear problem. Results will be reported on both a first-order "standard" implementation of SPSA and on a second-order version of SPSA that t...
Mapmaking for precision 21 cm cosmology

Author(s): Dillon, JS; Tegmark, M; Liu, A; Ewall-Wice, A; Hewitt, JN; Morales, MF; Neben, AR; Parsons, AR; Zheng, H | Abstract: In order to study the "Cosmic Dawn" and the Epoch of Reionization with 21 cm tomography, we need to statistically separate the cosmological signal from foregrounds known to be orders of magnitude brighter. Over the last few years, we have learned much about the role our telescopes play in creating a putatively foreground-free region called the "EoR window." In this work, we examine how an interferometer's effects can be taken into account in a way that allows for the rigorous estimation of 21 cm power spectra from interferometric maps while mitigating foreground contamination and thus increasing sensitivity. This requires a precise understanding of the statistical relationship between the maps we make and the underlying true sky. While some of these calculations would be computationally infeasible if performed exactly, we explore several well-controlled approximations that make mapmaking and the calculation of map statistics much faster, especially for compact and highly redundant interferometers designed specifically for 21 cm cosmology. We demonstrate the utility of these methods and the parametrized trade-offs between accuracy and speed using one such telescope, the upcoming Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array, as a case study.
Low-cost, Mo(S,Se)2-free superstrate-type solar cells fabricated with tunable band gap Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 nanocrystal-based inks and the effect of sulfurization

A low-cost and Mo(S,Se)2-free superstrate-type device structure is reported for the first time with the tunable band gap Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 nanocrystals. Using a facile hot-injection approach with only oleylamine reagent for synthesizing Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 nanocrystals with varied Se to (S + Se) ratio, the role of Se in Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 nanocrystals during the sulfurization step is systematically investigated. The loss of Sn is suppressed and the grain size is enlarged when the Se in Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 nanocrystals is replaced by S during the sulfurization. As a proof-of-concept, our superstrate-type architecture without using any binder in the ink exhibits Voc and FF comparable to the typical substrate-type device structure, in addition to its advantage of low cost.
Finding the convex hull of a sorted point set in parallel

We present a parallel algorithm for finding the convex hull of a sorted planar point set. Our algorithm runs in O(log n) time using O(n/log n) processors in the CREW PRAM computational model, which is optimal. One of the techniques we use to achieve these optimal bounds is the use of a parallel data structure which we call the hull tree.
Pathways of identity development in college women

In order to study pathways of identity achievement, the identity statuses of college women were assessed through an interview procedure. Based on areas of identity achievement, the women were designated as following a female pathway, a male pathway, an androgynous pathway, or no pathway. Women in the female pathway were significantly higher on self-esteem than women in the male pathway. In addition, youthfulness was positively related to self-esteem. The results were interpreted to indicate difficulties of choice confronting modern women. Commitments in nontraditional areas such as career and ideological concerns may raise anxieties for women which are reflected in lower self-esteem.
Photo Layout with a Fast Evaluation Method and Genetic Algorithm

Photo collages are an effective form of visual communication and sharing. This paper is devoted to a particular style of photo layout, in which photos are tightly packed into a rectangular canvas while the aspect ratio and orientation of photos are preserved. In addition, users may specify a desired size for each photo within the canvas. BRIC (block recursive image composition) is a method that has been proposed for this problem [1]. In this paper, we present a better method based on the framework of genetic algorithm. Our method builds on three key components. First, we developed a fast method for computing the photo dimensions for a given layout tree. This makes it feasible to evaluate a large number of layout trees within a time limit that is acceptable for interactive multimedia applications. Second, we adapted a fitness measure that takes into account both the photo coverage of the canvas area and the size distribution of photos. Finally, we constructed appropriate genetic operators and incorporated the aforementioned evaluation method and fitness measure. Our experimental results showed that the proposed method is consistently better than BRIC.
Accelerated aging study on 15 kV XLPE and EPR cables insulation caused by switching impulses

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) are the common polymeric materials used for power cable insulation in the USA. While in service, the main threats to the cable insulation include electrical stress, thermal stress, and mechanical stress. The electrical stress, from either operation voltages or abnormal over-voltages during transients, has negative impacts to the power cables insulation. The excessive electrical stress will trigger the aging of insulation materials, which will lead to the failures of cables, resulting in outages of power systems. The aging phenomena of polymeric power cables have been extensively studied during the past decades. Although the study of aging mechanisms was done on molded samples, little is known about the aging phenomena of the XLPE and EPR cables by switching impulses. In this experiment, the 15 kV XLPE and EPR cable samples were aged up to 10,000 switching impulses. The study helped to assess the reliability of the XLPE and EPR cables serving in electrical power systems.
Group velocity modified Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides with dual Bragg gratings

Experimental results are reported on the modification of the group velocity in the Ti-diffused LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides with dual Bragg gratings. The Bragg gratings were fabricated along the Ti-diffused waveguides. The average bandwidth was measured to be approximately 30 GHz separated by 30 GHz. Calculation showed approximately 10% modification of the group velocity between the stop bands.
An Incremental Fullwave EM Simulator for RF and Microwave Design

The paper presents an incremental electromagnetic (EM) simulator that is capable of simulating layout variants without compromising accuracy. Simulation efficiency in such situations typically is more than an order of magnitude faster than the initial solution of the same layout. This solver is also compatible with automated design flows in which a layout optimization tool creates design variants and uses an EM simulator as an evaluator.
The diagnostic value of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in children and adolescents with liver disease

Sera of 115 patients were assayed for gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activity. Seventy-four were control subjects; a normal range was established for the pediatric-adolescent age group. Forty-one children had either a predominantly inflammatory disease of the liver or cirrhosis. The mean serum GGTP activity of both of the subjects in these subgroups with liver disease was significantly higher than of those in the control group; patients with cirrhotic liver disease had higher GGTP activities than did those with active inflammatory disease.
A Multilevel Fuzzy Control Design for a Class of Multiinput Single-Output Systems

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy controller is developed for a class of multiinput single-output nonlinear systems, where the system differential output has a monotonically increasing or decreasing relationship with each system differential input. The system dynamics is modeled in fuzzy domain, and the fuzzy inverse model is automatically constructed, which uniquely determines the inverse relationship for each differential input-output pair. Based on this inverse model, a multilevel fuzzy controller is designed with an embedded adaptive structure for each control variable to compensate for system uncertainties and time-varying parameters. Two sets of simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller for this class of multivariable systems under different operating conditions.
ATTENUATION OF STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION IN PERIODICALLY LAYERED ELASTIC MEDIA

An exact viscoelastic analogous relation between a periodically layered elastic medium and a homogeneous viscoelastic medium was introduced, based upon which a short-time relaxation function was developed. Both the wave front decay and the spatial attenuation of stress waves in a periodically layered medium were studied. It was shown that the spatial attenuation of long waves propagating in a periodically layered elastic medium describes the attenuation of the wave trailing the wave front, while the spatial attenuation of a short wave characterizes the wave front decay. The effects of thickness ratio of the two constituent layers, their mechanical properties, and the cell thickness on the attenuation of stress wave propagation were examined. The results showed that the use of the short-time analogous relaxation function is valid for the attenuation analysis of stress waves propagating in a periodically layered elastic medium.
A Role for Cytoplasmic PML in Cellular Resistance to Viral Infection

PML gene was discovered as a fusion partner with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α in the t(15:17) chromosomal translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Nuclear PML protein has been implicated in cell growth, tumor suppression, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and anti-viral defense. The localization pattern of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is drastically altered during viral infection. This alteration is traditionally viewed as a viral strategy to promote viral replication. Although multiple PML splice variants exist, we demonstrate that the ratio of a subset of cytoplasmic PML isoforms lacking exons 5 & 6 is enriched in cells exposed to herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). In particular, we demonstrate that a PML isoform lacking exons 5 & 6, called PML Ib, mediates the intrinsic cellular defense against HSV-1 via the cytoplasmic sequestration of the infected cell protein (ICP) 0 of HSV-1. The results herein highlight the importance of cytoplasmic PML and call for an alternative, although not necessarily exclusive, interpretation regarding the redistribution of PML that is seen in virally infected cells.
The status of marine turtles in the Egyptian Red Sea

Abstract Five species of marine turtle occur in the Egyptian Red Sea and three are recognised by local fishermen: Eretmochelys imbricata (L.), Chelonia mydas (L.), and Dermochelys coriacea (L.). The last named is rarely sighted, and although the other two nest, only Eretmochelys is common; possibly 500 nest yearly, mainly on offshore islands. Both nesting and feeding habitats appear to be extensive for this species, but clutches have an unusually high percentage of yolkless eggs. The significance of this is not understood, but it indicates that the animals are under pressures not experienced in other parts of their range. The small population of Chelonia is probably due to the scarcity of feeding habitat; marine pastures are generally small in area and standing crop. Dermochelys may be rarely sighted because local fishermen infrequently venture into epipelagic waters where this animal is most common, but the available data indicate that the species is a vagrant in Egypt. The enormous swarms of jellyfish that occur in the Egyptian Red Sea evidently do not attract these turtles, although seasonal concentrations of jellyfish are often accompanied by Dermochelys in other seas. Exploitation of turtles, mainly for meat and eggs, is slight, but habitat perturbations are intense from oil pollution and marine explosions. There is a great need for more basic information and rigorous management of the marine environment.
Regional Variations in α1‐Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Rat Brain

alpha 1-Adrenergic receptor subtypes were differentiated by their affinities for the competitive antagonist WB 4101 and their sensitivities to inactivation by chlorethylclonidine (CEC) in eight rat brain regions. WB 4101 showed low Hill coefficients for inhibition of specific 125I-[2-beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl]tetralone (125IBE) binding in all regions. Nonlinear regression analysis showed that there were two binding sites with different affinities for WB 4101 in each region. The proportions of these sites varied among regions, although the affinity of WB 4101 for each site remained constant. Thalamus and cerebral cortex had the highest proportion of low-affinity sites, whereas hippocampus and pons-medulla had the highest proportion of high-affinity sites. Pretreatment with CEC in hypotonic buffer significantly reduced the density of 125IBE binding sites in all brain regions. Cerebral cortex and cerebellum had the highest proportion of CEC-sensitive sites, whereas hippocampus and spinal cord had the highest proportion of CEC-insensitive sites. There was a significant correlation between the proportion of binding sites with a low affinity for WB 4101 and those sensitive to inactivation by CEC.
Geometric aspects of covariant control laws

The notion of a covariant control law, previously defined in terms of canonical forms of linear systems, is clarified. An alternate, more geometric characterization is given, and the role of these laws in a unique decomposition of an arbitrary control law is illustrated.
Microbial and Host Factors That Influence Adherence of Escherichia coli to Kidney Epithelium

The adherence of Escherichia coli 06K13H1 to punch biopsy specimens of rabbit renal pelvic tissue and isolated epithelial cells was examined quantitatively. Organisms with pill adhered readily to kidney tissue, whereas organisms without pill (nonpiliated or grown in glucose-containing media) had significantly less adherence. Adherence was inhibited by antibody to pill antigen but not by mannose (a determinant of adherence to buccal mucosal cells). Studies were done to evaluate adherence under conditions operative in the renal medulla. The combination of hypertonic salt or urea solutions in acid pH interfered with adherence of the mannose- resistant strain. In additional studies of kidneys from humans, a similar effect of antipili serum and mannose was seen. These studies provide further evidence that pill are important in the initiation of upper urinary tract infection and define host factors that may inhibit initiation of infection.
Frequency Stability of a 10GHz Optical Frequency Comb from a Semiconductor Based Mode-locked Laser with an Intra-cavity 10,000 Finesse Etalon

An optical frequency comb from a semiconductor-based mode-locked laser with temperature-stabilized intra-cavity etalon held in a vacuum chamber is demonstrated to have 12 minutes, and fractional deviation of 2×10−11 at 50 ms.
Sepsis increases endocytosis of endotoxin into hepatocytes.

Background. Chylomicrons bind endotoxins and accelerate their clearance from plasma to the liver. This results in reduced mortality from septic shock in a rodent model. We hypothesized that the clearance of the LPS-chylomicron (LPS-CM) complex by hepatocytes is due to receptor-mediated endocytosis and that sepsis up-regulates this process. Methods. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats; (1) control; (2) pretreated with 10 μg/kg LPS 24 hours before treatment; and (3) pretreated with 17-∝-ethinyl estradiol (EE, 5 mg/kg subcutaneously for 3 days), were infused with labeled I125-LPS alone or with I125-LPS bound to chylomicron. Livers were removed 2.5, 15, and 30 minutes after LPS injection, and hepatic endosomes were isolated from the liver homogenates by serial ultracentrifugation in sucrose gradients. Results. The injection of I125-LPS-CM complexes resulted in higher levels of endosomal I125-LPS in all groups, as compared with I125-LPS alone. In addition, the endosomal uptake of I125-LPS was markedly increased by both LPS and EE pretreatments. Conclusions. These data strongly suggest a primary role for receptor-mediated endocytosis in the increased clearance of LPS when bound to chylomicron. In addition, exposure to LPS appears to increase the accumulation of LPS in endosomes by a mechanism similar to that of EE, which is known to up-regulate receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. This endogenous pathway for the catabolism of endotoxins may provide a teleological explanation for the hypertriglyceridemia observed during sepsis.
The effects of customer service on consumer complaining behavior

Presents a dynamic model of the consumer complaining behavior process. Is unique in that it distinguishes between negative word‐of‐mouth that occurs prior to seeking redress (or in lieu of seeking redress) and negative word‐of‐mouth that occurs after seeking redress. Another unique aspect of this study is that it specifically recognizes positive word‐of‐mouth as a possible post‐complaint response. The results indicate that the major factor that determines why some dissatisfied consumers seek redress and give the seller a chance to remedy the problem, while others exit and engage in negative word‐of‐mouth behavior, is the perceived likelihood of success. Results also show that, once a dissatisfied customer seeks redress, that person expects to receive a fair settlement but, more importantly, to be treated with courtesy and respect. Based on these results, discusses the pervasive effects of customer service on consumer complaining behavior, and offers managerial recommendations.
An International Call for Democratizing the Academic Journal Culture From a Community of Editors

In our reflective essay from our multiple perspectives as journal editors, peer reviewers, and published authors, we present ideas about editorial support, democracy, and innovation in the publishing process. As four tenured professors who work in universities in the states of Illinois, Virginia, Texas, and Kentucky, we are a community of editors who are committed to a transparent, service-oriented support process. Our collective experience has allowed us to shape numerous academic bodies of work, culminating in an experiential point of view that reflects a political take on the support role of editors. We include lengthy, databased statements from journal editors in the form of vignettes that underscore the importance of community-based, democratic editorial practices that are themselves simultaneously personal testimonials and political statements. Our call is intended to foster large-scale social change within the academic editorial culture through global understanding about the sensibilities of editors and reviewers as well as authors and publishers engaged in the complex work of publication review. Our academic goal is to enhance fair practices and inclusive opportunities, worldwide, through more relational, equitable, and supportive editorial practices.
Noise as a diagnostic of tunneling mechanisms

For three tunneling systems, the classical Coulomb blockade, tunneling of noninteracting particles, and resonant tunneling through an Anderson impurity, the zero frequency current noise provides useful information about the tunneling rates and interactions that is not available by measuring the average current alone. In the case of the Coulomb blockade the noise measures the variance in the number of electrons on the metal particle, while the current measures the mean number of electrons. For tunneling in noninteracting systems the noise measures the mean square variation in energy of the transmission probability as well as the average transmission probability measured by the current. Finally, for resonant tunneling through an Anderson impurity we can show formally that the noise contains information about the mean square variation in the impurity density states as a function of energy. The average current is proportional to the net impurity density of states between the chemical potentials of the two leads.
The approach of solutions of nonlinear diffusion equations to travelling wave solutions

The paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior as t → ∞ of solutions u(x, t) of the equation ut—uxx—∞;(u)=O, x∈(—∞, ∞) , in the case ∞(0)=∞(1)=0, ∞′(0)<0, ∞′(1)<0. Commonly, a travelling front solution u=U(x-ct), U(-∞)=0, U(∞)=1, exists. The following types of global stability results for fronts and various combinations of them will be given. 1. Let u(x, 0)=u0(x) satisfy 0≦u0≦1. Let \(a\_ = \mathop {\lim \sup u0}\limits_{x \to - \infty } {\text{(}}x{\text{), }}\mathop {\lim \inf u0}\limits_{x \to \infty } {\text{(}}x{\text{)}}\). Then u approaches a translate of U uniformly in x and exponentially in time, if a− is not too far from 0, and a+ not too far from 1. 2. Suppose \(\int\limits_{\text{0}}^{\text{1}} {f{\text{(}}u{\text{)}}du} > {\text{0}}\). If a− and a+ are not too far from 0, but u0 exceeds a certain threshold level for a sufficiently large x-interval, then u approaches a pair of diverging travelling fronts. 3. Under certain circumstances, u approaches a “stacked” combination of wave fronts, with differing ranges.
Temperature, frequency, and rf field dependence of the surface resistance of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x.

The rf surface resistance of a single bulk polycrystalline YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} sample was measured with TEM resonant cavities as a function of temperature from 4.2 to 100 K, rf field amplitude from 0 to 640 G, and frequency from 175 to 1050 MHz. The surface resistance increased monotonically with rf field amplitude, saturating at a value approximately 5% of the normal-state surface resistance. The surface resistance is strongly frequency and temperature dependent below the saturation region and weakly frequency and temperature dependent above. Low-field surface resistances as small as {approx lt}1.1 {mu}{Omega} (at 175 MHz) were observed at {ital T}=4.2 K. The superconducting state did not break down, even at the highest field achieved ({similar to}640 G).
The effect of homologos amini acid replacement on the conformation of oligopeptides. III. CD studies on co‐oligopeptides of methionine and valine or methionine and glycine in organic solution

A conformational analyis of co-ologopeptides containing methionine and valine or methionine and glycine was carried out using circular dichrosim. The oligopeptides containing valine and methionine (dimer to hexamer) are disorder in hexafluoropropane diol·0.5 H2O and trimethyl phospate but become helical in trifluoroethanol at the heptamer. The CD spectra for hesamers and heptamers containing methionine or methionine and one valine give evidience that one valyl residue can be inserted into these peptides wothout affecting their secondry structure. Co-oligomethionines. The effect of a glycyl residue are generally less ordered than the analogous homo-oligomethionines. The effect of a glycl residue on the structure of the longer oligopeptides depends on its position in the chain. When inserted in the center of a hexamer or heptamer, the single glycyl residue destabilizes the ordered secondry structures in solution. Finally, evidence is presented that the CD patterns observed for various pentamers and hexamers are consistent with some order at these chain lenghts.
Shape estimation in natural illumination

The traditional shape-from-shading problem, with a single light source and Lambertian reflectance, is challenging since the constraints implied by the illumination are not sufficient to specify local orientation. Photometric stereo algorithms, a variant of shape-from-shading, simplify the problem by controlling the illumination to obtain additional constraints. In this paper, we demonstrate that many natural lighting environments already have sufficient variability to constrain local shape. We describe a novel optimization scheme that exploits this variability to estimate surface normals from a single image of a diffuse object in natural illumination. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on both simulated and real images.
Ferric chelate reduction by suspension culture cells and roots of soybean: A kinetic comparison

The abilities of suspension cultures and intact roots of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Hawkeye) to reduce ferric chelate were compared. Ferric chelate was supplied as ferric hydroxyethylethylenediaminetri-acetic acid (FeHEDTA) and reduction was measured spectrophotometrically using bathophenan-throlinedisulfonic acid (BPDS) as the ferrous scavenger. Ferric chelate reduction by cell suspension cultures showed typical saturation kinetics; however, no difference was observed between cells that had been continuously grown with Fe (+Fe) and those that had been grown for four days without added Fe (-Fe). Values for Km and Vmax, determined from a Lineweaver-Burk plot, were 57 μM and 28 nmoles mg-1 dry weight for the +Fe cells and 50 μ M and 22 nmoles mg-1 dry weight for the -Fe cells, respectively. Ferric chelate reduction by Fe-deficient roots also exhibited saturation kinetics, while roots grown with adequate Fe did not reduce ferric chelate. The Km and Vmax values for Fe-deficient roots were 45 μM and 20 nmoles mg-1 dry weight, respectively, and did not differ from values obtained for cells in culture. This study offers strong evidence that the mechanism responsible for the reduction of ferric chelate is the same for cultured cells and roots and that the process is controlled at the cellular level. We propose that suspension cultures can be used as an alternative to intact roots in the study of ferric chelate reduction.
The Role of Hostile Communications in a Crisis Simulation Game

Diplomacy rests on the proper tools and the successful implementation of communication. This article examines the impact of the tone of messages sent between opponents in a simulated crisis game. Findings are that hostile communications precipitate higher amounts of weapons purchasing and lower allotments of money to industrial production. Additional findings are that leaders who engage in friendly communications are more likely to negotiate, whereas those who exchange hostile messages are more likely to initiate or continue a war.
Detection of Salmonella enteritidis-specific immunoglobulin A antibodies in crop samples from chickens infected with Salmonella enteritidis

The crop (ingluvies), an organ for food storage in most avian species when the proventriculus is full, is located at the base of the esophagus. Little is known about any immunological capacity in the crop, and the current study was conducted to determine whether any antibodies to SE could be found in crop flushes taken from White Leghorn hens following infection with this organism. Surprisingly, an exceptionally strong IgA anti-SE response could be detected in the crops of hens 17 d postchallenge, and a comparison at Day 22 of crop vs. intestinal IgA anti-SE responses showed a good correlation between anti-SE antibody levels in the two regions. Histologic examination of crop tissues revealed development of lymphoid aggregates in the crop walls following challenge with SE. These results indicate that the crop may serve a role in immune protection in addition to its capacity as a food storage organ.
Role of REM sleep and dream variables in the prediction of remission from depression

To test the hypothesis that REM sleep and/or dreams contribute to overnight mood regulation, 61 subjects were tested on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and for 3 nights of monitored sleep on two occasions, once close to, and 1 year after, a marital separation. Forty-nine percent of the variance in the follow-up BDI could be accounted for by the initial BDI score, and three sleep and dream variables associated with the mood regulatory hypothesis: eye movement density in the first REM, strength of the affect in the first dream and total number of negative dreams recalled from REM awakenings. Among the 39 who met BDI depression criteria initially, 71.8% could be classified correctly as remitted or not remitted at follow-up by discriminant function analysis based on the presence of negative dreams the first vs. second half of the night. Subjects reporting more negative dreams at the beginning and fewer at the night's end were more likely to be in remission 1 year later than were those with fewer negative dreams at the beginning and more at the end of the night. Early negative dreams may reflect a within-sleep mood regulation process taking place, while those that occur later may indicate a failure in the completion of this process.
Comparative Analysis of Spatial Knowledge and En Route Diversion Behavior in Chicago and San Francisco: Implications for Advanced Traveler Information Systems

Drivers' spatial knowledge and en route response to unexpected delay information are examined. Compared are behavioral responses to information across two metropolitan areas in the United States: Chicago and the San Francisco Bay Area. Comparable behavioral data were collected through handout-mailback questionnaires targeting peak-period automobile commuters. The Chicago respondents perceived higher traffic congestion levels, and more of them knew one or more alternate routes. Among the Chicago respondents, fewer received information about unexpected delays from the radio (as opposed to self-observation of congestion) and more automobile commuters diverted to their alternate routes. To understand the factors that influence knowledge of alternate routes and en route diversion in response to unexpected congestion, a full information maximum likelihood nested logit model is estimated. Results of the model indicate that longer duration of residence, higher propensity for discovering new routes, and locational...
Acute pulmonary embolism treated with thrombolytic agents: current status of tPA and future implications for emergency medicine.

Pulmonary embolism is diagnosed 120,000 times yearly in the United States and contributes to 30,000 deaths. This probably represents an under-estimate of incidence because massive acute pulmonary embolism may often result in rapid and therefore unexplained death in the absence of autopsy confirmation. The innovative and judicious use of thrombolytic agents by emergency department and paramedical ambulance personnel may lead to a decreased mortality for this disease. Clinical studies are necessary to determine if the cardiopulmonary compromise associated with massive pulmonary embolism can be rapidly reversed through thrombolysis and whether that reversal will lead to increased survival. The use of thrombolytic agents will gain favor only if their risk: benefit and cost: benefit ratios are acceptable. We discuss the results of using first- and second-generation thrombolytic agents in the treatment of pulmonary embolism and review the encouraging data that have emerged from our studies with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). This agent has relative fibrin specificity and may provide therapeutic advantages over the conventional thrombolytic agents, urokinase and streptokinase, particularly when the latter are administered in the currently recommended dose schedules for treatment of pulmonary embolism.