cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Projections from visual areas of the cerebral cortex to pretectal nuclear complex, terminal accessory optic nuclei, and superior colliculus in macaque monkey.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the projections from visually related areas of the cerebral cortex of rhesus monkey to subcortical nuclei involved in eye-movement control; i. e., the pretectal nuclear complex, the terminal nuclei of the accessory optic system (AOS), and the superior colliculus (SC). The anterograde tracer 3H-leucine was pressure injected bilaterally into the cortex of six monkeys (for a total of 12 cases) involving the primary visual cortex (area 17); the medial prestriate cortex (medial 18/19), dorsomedial area 19; the caudal portion of the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus, upper bank (cytoarchitectural area OAa) and lower bank (area PGa); the lower bank of the caudal lateral intraparietal sulcus (area POa); and the inferior parietal lobule (area 7). The results revealed that the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract received inputs from medial prestriate cortex, dorsomedial part of area 19, OAa, and PGa. The posterior pretectal nucleus received sparse projections from area 7 and the cortex lining the intraparietal sulcus (dorsomedial part of area 19 and POa). The pretectal olivary nucleus was targeted by neurons in cortex of dorsomedial arec 19, and the anterior pretectal nucleus was targeted by neurons in both dorsomedial 19 and area 7. The nuclei of the AOS (dorsal terminal; lateral terminal; and interstitial nuclei of the superior fasciculus, posterior and medial fibers) received projections exclusively from areas OAa and PGa. Furthermore, in one case with PGa injection, the medial terminal nucleus, dorsal portion, was also labeled. The visual cortical areas studied projected differentially upon the SC laminae. The primary visual area 17 projected only to the superficial laminae, i. e., stratum zonale (SZ), stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), and stratum opticum (SO). On the other hand, the medial portion of the prestriate cortex and caudal OAa and PGa targeted the superficial and intermediate laminae, i. e., SZ, SGS, SO, stratum griseum intermediale (SGI), whereas caudal area POa projected primarily to the intermediate layer SGI. Rostral area 7 (mainly 7b) neurons terminated in the stratum album intermediale (SAI); no SC terminals were found in a case in which caudal area 7 (mainly 7a) was injected. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pedal to pavement: An energy-based proper vehicle model

Partial and complete vehicle models are an essential element of the design process within the automotive industry.
Metabolic implications for the mechanism of mitochondrial endosymbiosis and human hereditary disorders

The endosymbiosis of proto-mitochondrial prokaryotes (PMP) into proto-eukaryotic host-cells was a major advance in eukaryotic evolution. The nature of the initial relationship remains the subject of controversy. Various conceptual models have been proposed, but none has definitive support. We construct a model of inter-species interactions based upon well-established respiratory pathways, describing the respective energy gain of host-cell and PMP resulting from varying levels of cooperation. The model demonstrates conflicting evolutionary strategies (‘‘Prisoner’s Dilemmas’’) in the interspecies molecular transfers. Nevertheless, we show that coercion and iterated, multilevel selection on both species encourage endosymbiosis. Mutualism is favored if host-cells are significantly more effective than PMPs at gathering food. Otherwise, an unambiguous asymmetry between host-cell and PMP benefits implies that the initial relationship consisted of the host-cell deriving a reproductive advantage at the PMPs’ expense—a cellular version of farming. Other initial relationships such as oxygen-detoxification mutualism and parasitism are not strongly supported by the model. We compare the model behavior with experiments on mutant human mitochondria and find the model predicts proliferation rates consistent with that data. We derive from the evolutionary dynamics counter-intuitive therapeutic targets for two human hereditary mitochondrial disorders that reflect the ongoing effect of short-term selection at the mitochondrial level. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Adaptive Mode-Suppression and Disturbance-Rejection Scheme With Application to Disk Drives

The goal of a track-following controller for a disk drive is to maintain as close to perfect tracking as possible. Better tracking allows for more data to be stored on a single disk. There are several factors which make this control problem difficult, such as high-frequency resonant modes, unknown disturbances, and a preset sampling rate. The resonant modes of a disk drive are often uncertain and vary between units and can also lie near or beyond the Nyquist frequency. Suppressing these modes can be difficult. However, a multirate adaptive notch filter and adaptive bandwidth controller is proposed to suppress these resonant modes. A robust online estimator that estimates the mode frequencies is used to allow the multirate adaptive notch filter to track the disk drive's modes. By adding a multirate scheme to the adaptive notch filter, it can suppress modes at higher frequencies, which are close to or beyond the Nyquist frequency of the preset sampling rate. As the multirate adaptive notch filter tracks the plant mode frequencies, the adaptive bandwidth controller ensures that stability and performance requirements are satisfied by using the online estimate of the mode frequencies. An adaptive disturbance rejector is added to the adaptive mode-suppression scheme and broken into two parts: a part to suppress the repeatable runout and another to attenuate the residual disturbance by using a neural model. Both parts are adapted online and combined with the mode-suppression scheme to ensure good disturbance rejection even in the presence of unknown or changing resonant modes. Simulation results with a hard disk drive as the application are included and show that the adaptive mode-suppression scheme is able to maintain stability and better performance than a nonadaptive counterpart for an uncertain resonant-mode frequency. When combined with the adaptive disturbance-rejection scheme, stability is maintained and an improvement of as much as 14.3% in 3sigma is seen. This improvement in tracking can allow for data to be stored more densely on a single disk, providing larger storage media for the same size of disk drive.
ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR 3D SIMULATION OF PARAFOILS

In this paper we provide an overview of the computational methods developed by the Team for Advanced Flow Simulation and Modeling (T*AFSM) for 3D simulation of parafoils, particu- larly large, ram-air parachutes. The model is based on 3D Navier-Stokes equations governing the in- compressible flow around the parafoil and New- ton's law of motion governing the dynamics of the parafoil, with the aerodynamic forces acting on the parafoil calculated from the flow field. The meth- ods developed include a stabilized space-time finite element formulation that accommodates for the mo- tion and shape changes, special mesh generation and mesh moving strategies, iterative solution tech- niques for the large, coupled nonlinear equation sys- tems encountered, and parallel implementation of these methods on distributed-memory and shared- memory parallel computing systems such as the Thinking Machines CM-5, CRAY T3E, and multi- processor SGI systems. This set of methods devel- oped over the past few years gives us new, powerful tools that enable us to carry out pa&oil simulations at new levels of
Fission cross-sections for 243Pu, 250Bk, 247Cm, 245Cm, 254mEs and 254Es, and odd-odd systematics☆

Abstract Fission cross-sections measured in back-to-back ion chambers in a graphite thermal column of a reactor are: 243 Pu, 196±16 barns; 250 Bk, 960±150 barns; 247 Cm, 108±5 barns; 245 Cm, 2040±80 barns; 254m Es, 1840±80 barns; 254 Es, 3060±180 barns. A more accurate beta decay half-life of 4·955±0·003 hours was found for 243 Pu. Of the 12 known thermal neutron fission cross-sections for odd-neutron and odd-proton target nuclei, only one cross-section is more than a factor of 2·3 from 1350 barns. A more striking uniformity is observed in the ratio of thermal neutron fission cross-section to target spin: eight of the ten known ratios are grouped at 600±320 barns per spin unit. The dependency of fission cross-section upon target spin is also shown by the three sets of isomers ( 254 Es, 242 Am, 244 Am) in which the higher fission cross-section of each pair is associated with the higher spin isomer. No simple correlation between fission cross-section and calculated compound nucleus level-density was found.
Gated molecular baskets

In this review, we describe the construction of gated molecular baskets, discuss their mechanism of action in regulating the exchange of guests and illustrate the potential of these concave hosts to act as catalysts for controlling chemical reactions. Importantly, a number of computational and experimental studies have suggested that gated baskets ought to unfold their gates at the rim for permitting the passage of guests to/from their inner space. These dynamic hosts are therefore offered as useful models for investigating the process of gating in artificial systems. Furthermore, gated baskets should permit examining the benefit of controlling the rate by which reactants access a gated catalyst for promoting chemical reactions occurring in its confined space.
Early discontinuation and suboptimal dosing of duloxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: analysis from a US third-party payer perspective

AbstractObjective:Little is known about early discontinuation of duloxetine therapy or the effect that initial dose has on discontinuation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:Data from a private payer insurance claim database included 6132 patients with MDD who started duloxetine between 7/1/2005 and 6/30/2006, had no prescription for duloxetine in the previous 3 months, and were enrolled for 12 months before and after initiation. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to compare demographic, clinical, and healthcare cost data stratified by length of continuation. Early discontinuation was defined as continuation ≤30 days. Healthcare costs, persistence, and adherence were compared between patients with suboptimal initial dose ( 180 days. Suboptimal initial dose, younger age, male gender, p...
Racial Redistricting and African-American Representation: A Critique of "Do Majority-Minority Districts Maximize Substantive Black Representation in Congress?"

Contrary to Cameron, Epstein, and O'Halloran's article (1996), (1) racial redistricting remains vital to the election of African Americans to the U.S. House, and (2) the tradeoff between black descriptive and substantive representation is actually greater in the South than in the North. Substantive and methodological errors explain why they arrived at their findings. Specifically, their analysis ignores the effect of the presence of Latinos on the election of African Americans. Ironically, due to the very policy assessed in the article, Cameron, Epstein, and O'Halloran's data set does not allow them to examine the link between the racial composition of a district and the ideology of its representative. In addition, they do not consider that racial redistricting not only changes the aggregation of seats into votes but also indirectly boosts the Republican share of votes and seats.
Data Fusion Support for Intrusion Detection and Prevention

Our main purpose for this work is to examine how to integrate multiple intrusion detection sensors in the order to minimize the number of incorrect-alarms The first problem is how to integrate data from multiple sensors, and the second how to identify most important data provided by multiple sensors. We are currently developing series of analytical models to use potential benefits of multiple sensors for reducing false alarms. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss implementation of prototype multisensor based intrusion detection system. We are especially interested in analyzing traffic that has an abnormal or malicious character and should prompt a closer look. A specific feature of the model is that the systems use multiple sensors to process log files
Hand movements reveal the time-course of shape and pigmentation processing in face categorization.

Although the roles of shape and pigmentation cues in face categorization have been studied in detail, the time-course of their processing has remained elusive. We measured participants’ hand movements via the computer mouse en route to male or female responses (gender task) or young or old responses (age task) on the screen. Participants were presented with male and female faces (gender task) or with young and old faces (age task) that were typical, shape-atypical, or pigmentation-atypical. Before settling into correct categorizations, the processing of atypical cues led hand trajectories to deviate toward the opposite gender or age category. A temporal analysis of these trajectory deviations revealed dissociable dynamics in shape and pigmentation processing. Pigmentation had a privileged, early role during gender categorization, preceding shape effects by approximately 50 ms and preceding pigmentation effects in age categorization by 100 ms. In age categorization, however, pigmentation had a simultaneous onset of influence as shape. It also had a more dominant influence than shape throughout the gender and age categorization process. The results reveal the time-course of shape and pigmentation processing in gender and age categorization.
From clinical trials to clinical practice: therapeutic cancer vaccines for the treatment of prostate cancer

Therapeutic options for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer are increasing, spurring an urgent need to better understand which treatments are best for individual patients. The recent approval of a first-in-class agent, sipuleucel-T, has intensified this need. This therapeutic cancer vaccine has demonstrated a survival advantage in two Phase III trials, but does not alter progression in the short term. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is taking shape, based on broader understanding of available therapies. This new clinical approach seeks to maximize patient benefit from treatment, minimize associated toxicities, and may have far-reaching implications for other therapeutic cancer vaccines currently in clinical development.
Diagnosis and assessment of pain associated with herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia.

Abstract Accurate evaluation of pain plays a critical role in identifying new interventions for the treatment and prevention of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Different types of pain and other sensory symptoms are found in patients with herpes zoster, and these vary greatly with respect to their presence, location, duration, intensity, and quality. The results of recent studies of herpes zoster and PHN and the development of new methods for assessing neuropathic pain provide a foundation for diagnosing and assessing the pain associated with herpes zoster. We review the results of recent research to identify the essential components that must be considered in developing an evidence-based description of pain associated with herpes zoster and PHN. Perspective Comprehensive assessments of pain are necessary for clinical research on the epidemiology, natural history, pathophysiologic mechanisms, treatment, and prevention of pain in herpes zoster and PHN.
Shunt and notch-fed HF aircraft antennas

In the hf range radiation from aircraft must be accomplished by exciting radiating currents on the airframe itself. One method of exciting such currents is by shunts or notches which electrically penetrate the airframe. The strength of coupling of such devices is analyzed and shown to be proportional to the square of the normal mode current which they interrupt. A theory is developed and substantiated by experimental data, which enables the prediction of the impedance characteristics of such antennas. It is shown that these antennas are most effective when located in a region of high current concentration, and that the current concentration which occurs in the fillet area of swept-wing aircraft makes this area particularly favorable for their installation. Shunt and notch antennas, when they can be used, have a number of structural advantages over cap-type antennas, and certain electrical advantages also. They require no special lightning protection and eliminate the need for special isolating devices. In general, they are capable of handling higher powers before encountering high-altitude voltage breakdown.
Building Practice Evidence for Parent Mentoring Home Visiting in Early Childhood

Objective: A multidisciplinary preventive parent mentoring intervention was applied through home visiting with high-risk families receiving well-baby health care. Two implementations were examined for effectiveness. Method: The first implementation employed a quasiexperimental nonequivalent group design, whereas the second used a randomized experiment. A multivariate repeated-measures design compared intervention and control families from both implementations on parenting outcomes. Logistic regressions examined children’s outcomes. Results: Compared to controls, intervention families significantly improved their family resources, parenting knowledge, practices, and maternal resilience. Intervention status significantly predicted children’s immunization and early language. Conclusions: Parent mentoring anchored in multidisciplinary approach with empirically informed practices may be a desirable intervention addressing the multifaceted developmental needs of very young children. Limitations and implications...
The Cdk1 and Ime2 Protein Kinases Trigger Exit from Meiotic Prophase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Inhibiting the Sum1 Transcriptional Repressor

The induction of middle meiotic promoters is a key regulatory event in the life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that controls exit from prophase, meiosis, and spore formation. The Sum1 repressor and Ndt80 activator proteins control middle promoters by binding to overlapping DNA elements. NDT80 is controlled by a tightly regulated middle meiotic promoter through a positive autoregulatory loop and is repressed in vegetative cells by Sum1. It has previously been shown that the meiosis-specific kinase Ime2 promotes the removal of Sum1 from DNA. Here, we show that Sum1 is also regulated by the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdk1. While sum1 phosphosite mutants that are insensitive to Cdk1 or Ime2 complete meiosis and form spores, a mutant that is insensitive to both Ime2 and Cdk1 (sum1-ci) blocks meiotic development in prophase with an ndt80Δ-like phenotype. Ectopic expression of NDT80 or mutation of a Sum1-binding element in the NDT80 promoter bypasses the sum1-ci block. Hst1 is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase that is linked to Sum1 by the Rfm1 tethering factor. Deletion of HST1 or RFM1 also bypasses the sum1-ci block. These results demonstrate that Sum1 functions as a key meiotic brake through the NDT80 promoter and that Cdk1 and Ime2 trigger exit from meiotic prophase by inhibiting the Sum1 transcriptional repression complex.
Preparation of Nanometer Sized Aluminum Powders

Nanometer aluminum powders have been prepared from the catalytic thermal decomposition of aluminum hydride adducts in organic solvents. This process provides excellent control of particle size and uniformity with batch particle sizes ranging from 50 to 600 nm. Variables affecting particle size were explored, including reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and adducting amine concentration. Passivation techniques of the reactive aluminum powders were established for safe handling in air. Samples were mainly characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.
Redescription of Pinnixa Arenicola Rathbun, 1922 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae), With New Observations on Its Range and Host

Abstract Pinnixa arenicola is redescribed and illustrated on the basis of new collections and reexamined type material. Its occurrence in the burrows of Upogebia vasquezi Ngoc-Ho is reported, along with range extensions that include Florida, Puerto Rico, Aruba, and the Cayman Islands. New collections represent the first reports of P. arenicola since original discoveries in Curacao and suggest a potentially wide distribution of the species in the tropical western Atlantic. Following publication of the unillustrated original description for the holotype male, females were also noted to occur in Curacao, but illustrations with limited detail were provided by Rathbun for only the male holotype specimen. Prior to our work, no illustrations have depicted female morphology, unique male gonopods, or some pereopod features of potential value in defining phylogenetic relationships.
The Intersections of Race and Gender in Help-Seeking Strategies Among a Battered Sample of Low-Income African American Women

National and community studies report greater incidence and prevalence rates of intimate partner violence among Blacks than other racial groups yet many Blacks do not seek help. Using an intersectionality perspective, race, ethnicity, class, and gender are considered as intersecting factors that impact Black women’s help-seeking strategies. Using quantitative and qualitative measures on help-seeking, the researcher conducted face-to-face interviews with a community and shelter sample of 110 Black women, ranging in age 18 to 66. While participants sought help from both formal and informal sources, race appeared as a barrier to formal help-seeking. Resiliency surfaced as another barrier that may work against Black women in their help-seeking strategies. This has significant implications for social workers.
Impacts of surface water diversions for marijuana cultivation on aquatic habitat in four northwestern California watersheds.

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation has proliferated in northwestern California since at least the mid-1990s. The environmental impacts associated with marijuana cultivation appear substantial, yet have been difficult to quantify, in part because cultivation is clandestine and often occurs on private property. To evaluate the impacts of water diversions at a watershed scale, we interpreted high-resolution aerial imagery to estimate the number of marijuana plants being cultivated in four watersheds in northwestern California, USA. Low-altitude aircraft flights and search warrants executed with law enforcement at cultivation sites in the region helped to validate assumptions used in aerial imagery interpretation. We estimated the water demand of marijuana irrigation and the potential effects water diversions could have on stream flow in the study watersheds. Our results indicate that water demand for marijuana cultivation has the potential to divert substantial portions of streamflow in the study watersheds, with an estimated flow reduction of up to 23% of the annual seven-day low flow in the least impacted of the study watersheds. Estimates from the other study watersheds indicate that water demand for marijuana cultivation exceeds streamflow during the low-flow period. In the most impacted study watersheds, diminished streamflow is likely to have lethal or sub-lethal effects on state-and federally-listed salmon and steelhead trout and to cause further decline of sensitive amphibian species.
Multifunctional Particles for Melanoma-Targeted Drug Delivery

Abstract New magnetic-based core–shell particles (MBCSPs) were developed to target skin cancer cells while delivering chemotherapeutic drugs in a controlled fashion. MBCSPs consist of a thermo-responsive shell of poly( N -isopropylacrylamide–acrylamide–allylamine) and a core of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) embedded with magnetite nanoparticles. To target melanoma cancer cells, MBCSPs were conjugated with Gly–Arg–Gly–Asp–Ser (GRGDS) peptides that specifically bind to the α 5 β 3 receptors of melanoma cells. MBCSPs consist of unique multifunctional and controlled drug delivery characteristics. Specially, they can provide dual drug release mechanisms (a sustained release of drugs through degradation of PLGA core and a controlled release in response to changes in temperature via thermo-responsive polymer shell), and dual targeting mechanisms (magnetic localization and receptor-mediated targeting). Results from in vitro studies indicate that GRGDS-conjugated MBCSPs have an average diameter of 296 nm and exhibit no cytotoxicity towards human dermal fibroblasts up to 500 μg ml −1 . Further, a sustained release of curcumin from the core and a temperature-dependent release of doxorubicin from the shell of MBCSPs were observed. The particles also produced a dark contrast signal in magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, the particles were accumulated at the tumor site in a B16F10 melanoma orthotopic mouse model, especially in the presence of a magnet. Results indicate great potential of MBCSPs as a platform technology to target, treat and monitor melanoma for targeted drug delivery to reduce side effects of chemotherapeutic reagents.
The Law of Mortality Revisited: Interspecies Comparisons of Mortality

Summary In 1825 the British actuary Benjamin Gompertz believed he had discovered a consistency in the timing of death in people that was so important that he labelled his observation a ‘law of mortality’. To Gompertz, this ‘law’ was equivalent in importance to Newton's law of gravity because he believed it would be observed in all living things. Gompertz's quest for the ‘law’ eventually failed, as did similar efforts by other scientists in the 19th and most of the 20th century. However, the search for the law of mortality was successfully resolved in 1996 when my colleagues and I discovered that the only way to ‘see’ Gompertz's law expressed as common age patterns of death across species was to partition total mortality into its intrinsic and extrinsic components, and examine mortality schedules on a uniform time scale. Scientists had been unable to reveal the law of mortality in the past not only because they could not partition total mortality, but also because of the previous anthropocentric perspective that forced some scientists to view duration of life along a single time scale – one based on human measurements of chronological time. The law of mortality is relevant today not only because it links the epidemiology of disease, ageing and death across species, but because it creates a window into the future for those who study disease epidemiology in animals that now live long enough in protected environments to experience the biological consequences of ageing. In this paper I summarize the historical search for the law of mortality, explain why the solution could only be found by linking two seemingly unconnected scientific disciplines (evolution biology and actuarial/demographics), explain why age patterns of disease and death in humans may be used to understand and predict disease epidemiology in other species, and describe how a new scientific discipline has arisen in the modern era as a result of this research.
Catalog of significant earthquakes 2000 B.C. to 1979, including quantitative casualties and damage

abstract A quantitative file of earthquake casualties and damage has been assembled and is being maintained by World Data Center A. The file now existing is an expansion of a file originally created by the authors to produce the World Map of Significant Earthquakes 1900 to Present .
Long Term Oxidation of Model and Engineering TiAl Alloys

The purpose of this research was to characterize the oxidation behavior of several model (TiAl, TiAl-Nb, TiAl-Cr, TiAl-Cr-Nb) and engineering alloys (XD, K5, Alloy 7, WMS) after long-term isothermal exposure ({approx}7000 h) at 704 C, and after shorter time exposure ({approx}1000 h) at 800 C in air. High-resolution field emission and microprobe scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the scales formed on these alloys. Similarities and differences observed in the scales are correlated with the various ternary and quaternary microalloying additions.
Derivation of the Hopf Bifurcation Formula Using Lindstedt’s Perturbation Method and MACSYMA

This paper involves the sudden appearance and growth of a periodic motion called a limit cycle in an autonomous system of two nonlinear first order ordinary differential equations. The bifurcation occurs as a parameter is tuned so that an equilibrium point goes from a stable focus to an unstable focus. The resulting limit cycle will generically occur either i) when the equilibrium is stable (in which case the limit cycle is unstable), or ii) when the equilibrium is unstable (in which case the limit cycle is stable). The Hopf bifurcation formula determines which of these two cases occurs in a given system, and depends in a complicated way on the second and third derivatives of the right-hand sides of the differential equations.
On the behavior-based architectures of autonomous agency

A number of autonomous robots with varying degrees of reactive functionality have been built, based on different architectures. We review the foundations, limitations, and achievements of a number of architectures of such autonomous agents from the three categories: (1) reactive; (2) deliberative; and (3) hybrid. Most of these architectures contain behaviors. The principle of avoiding an explicit representation of goals in the purely behavior-based robots has limited their achievements to simple tasks like box pushing, pipe inspection, and navigation. This paper makes two contributions: (1) reviewing autonomous agent architectures and (2) proposing a new class of architectures where behaviors are coupled and/or markers are introduced in environment, without a planner or sequencer and without an explicit representation of goals and investigating tradeoffs in these architectures. We develop a model of behaviors, environmental modification and goals and then show how the behavior-based robots can be made goal-directed. The tradeoffs in increasing their goal directedness are examined. Defining the notion of coupling that captures dependency within the internal structure of a behavior space, it is shown that more complex goals demand higher coupling or more behaviors or a modification to the environment. These novel tradeoffs show a new spectrum of architectures for integrating goals and the behavior-based reactive functionality.
Semi-Empirical Interpretation of Nuclear Masses and Deformations*

In this talk I would like, first, to describe a semi-empirical mass formula and then to mention three items that are of interest in the interpretation of nuclear masses.
Brillance China Automotive: Case

This case explores the strategic direction of the Chinese auto maker, Brilliance China Automotive, as it faced increased competition from foreign firms due to changing Chinese trade policies.
Care team identification in the electronic health record: A critical first step for patient‐centered communication

Patient-centered communication is essential to coordinate care and safely progress patients from admission through discharge. Hospitals struggle with improving the complex and increasingly electronic conversation patterns among care team members, patients, and caregivers to achieve effective patient-centered communication across settings. Accurate and reliable identification of all care team members is a precursor to effective patient-centered communication and ideally should be facilitated by the electronic health record. However, the process of identifying care team members is challenging, and team lists in the electronic health record are typically neither accurate nor reliable. Based on the literature and on experience from 2 initiatives at our institution, we outline strategies to improve care team identification in the electronic health record and discuss potential implications for patient-centered communication. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:381-385. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Automatic Claim Negation: Why, How and When

The main goal of argumentation mining is to analyze argumentative structures within an argument-rich document, and reason about their composition. Recently, there is also interest in the task of simply detecting claims (sometimes called conclusion) in general documents. In this work we ask how this set of detected claims can be augmented further, by adding to it the negation of each detected claim. This presents two NLP problems: how to automatically negate a claim, and when such a negated claim can plausibly be used. We present first steps into solving both these problems, using a rule-based approach for the former and a statistical one towards the latter.
'Finders Keepers, Losers Weepers' - Finding 'Lost' Property in Missouri a Judicial and Statutory Analysis

This small legal article deals with an almost daily occurrence when one finds a "lost" article. It discusses the judicial decisions and statutes of Missouri relating to that simple, but often difficult subject.Not too much has been written about this practical subject. This article deals with the law of the state of Missouri when one "finds" lost personal property and discusses the differences between "lost" and "mislaid" property. It discusses the Missouri judicial decisions and compares them with judicial decisions in other states. It also discusses the legal rights and duties of a finder under the statutory law of Missouri.It concludes that many of the Missouri judicial decisions are leading ones often cited in other states.
Antibiotic therapy and interval appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children: a selective approach.

The role of initial nonoperative treatment in pediatric perforated appendicitis remains controversial. We examined our outcomes after using this approach in a selective manner. Children with perfor...
Reporting Financial Information by Segment: A Comment of the American Accounting Association on the IASC Draft Statement of Principles

This paper summarizes the views of the American Accounting Association on the IASC's initial proposed amendments to IAS 14, Reporting Financial Information by Segment. The paper finds that extant academic literature views current IAS and US rules on geographic segment disclosure, relatively ineffective. The report analyses the two proposed solutions for designing segments, the risk and return approach (advocated by IASC) and the Management approach (of the FASB). The paper finds in favor of the former. The report makes specific recommendations for tightening of thresholds for reporting and simplification of segment disclosure requirements.
Iodine Supplementation for Pediatric Patients Receiving Long‐Term Parenteral Nutrition

Background:Patients dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) are among a group at risk of developing iodine deficiency. Supplementation with iodine in this population has been debated in a number of studies, resulting in variable clinical practices. The Committee on Clinical Practice Issues of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition recommends a dose of 1 mcg/kg/d of parenteral iodine for patients receiving PN. At our institution, PN trace elements do not include iodine, although this is not the case internationally. Our study sought to assess iodine levels and thyroid function in a cohort of PN-dependent pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis studied 32 pediatric patients with a variety of medical diagnoses who received PN as a primary means of nutrition for 6 months or longer. Patients received variable proportions of their total caloric intake as PN, which ranged from 14%–100%. Iodine and thyroid function levels were obtained by serum sampling. Results: No patient in our cohort of 32 d...
Dissociation of diglycolamide complexes of Ln3+ (Ln = La-Lu) and An3+ (An = Pu, Am, Cm): redox chemistry of 4f and 5f elements in the gas phase parallels solution behavior.

Tripositive lanthanide and actinide ions, Ln3+ (Ln = La–Lu) and An3+ (An = Pu, Am, Cm), were transferred from solution to gas by electrospray ionization as Ln(L)33+ and An(L)33+ complexes, where L = tetramethyl-3-oxa-glutaramide (TMOGA). The fragmentation chemistry of the complexes was examined by collision-induced and electron transfer dissociation (CID and ETD). Protonated TMOGA, HL+, and Ln(L)(L–H)2+ are the major products upon CID of La(L)33+, Ce(L)33+, and Pr(L)33+, while Ln(L)23+ is increasingly pronounced beyond Pr. A C–Oether bond cleavage product appears upon CID of all Ln(L)33+; only for Eu(L)33+ is the divalent complex, Eu(L)22+, dominant. The CID patterns of Pu(L)33+, Am(L)33+, and Cm(L)33+ are similar to those of the Ln(L)33+ for the late Ln. A striking exception is the appearance of Pu(IV) products upon CID of Pu(L)33+, in accord with the relatively low Pu(IV)/Pu(III) reduction potential in solution. Minor divalent Ln(L)22+ and An(L)22+ were produced for all Ln and An; with the exception of ...
Some Program Anomalies and the Parameter Theorem

Recursive function theory studies functions that can be evaluated by an algorithm based on some computing model such as a Turing machine or computer program. These functions are called partial recursive (p.r.) and are defined on subsets of N, where N = {0, 1,... }, with values in N. (A good introduction to the theory may be found in [2].) This paper explains the Parameter Theorem, illustrates some unusual computer programs, and explains their connection to recursive function theory. Basing our computing model on a modern high level language, we can construct programs whose existence is known through more formal means. Our functions will operate on strings rather than numbers, however. There is no loss in generality since strings can be viewed as members of N, and vice-versa. From a practical aspect, this approach is somewhat more desirable since conventional programming languages often allow making use of long strings, but place more restrictive limits on the size of integers. We first pose a problem: Does there exist a program (written in some conventional programming language) which halts if and only if its input is identical to the program's text (i.e., source code)? For the remainder of this note X is the set of ASCII characters 'a,' 'b," +,' space, line feed, and so forth, needed to write programs in most programming languages. We denote by X * the set of all strings (finite sequences) over X. Let P1 be the set of all one variable partial recursive functions on X *. A function I belongs to P1 if and only if there is a subset of S of X* and some algorithm which computes 't by associating with each element of S a well-defined element of X *. Similarly, 't belongs to P2 if and only if there is a set S c X * X X *, and an algorithm for 't which associates with each element of S a well-defined element of X *. A partial recursive function I in P1 (or in P2) is recursive if the algorithm is defined on all of X * (or X * X X *). This is equivalent to saying that the algorithm which evaluates I always halts. Our computing model will be based on Adat; its high-level string-handling properties simplify later examples. For readability, however, we will express algorithms in a more familiar Pascal-like style. Readers familiar with either programming language should find forthcoming algorithms sufficiently clear. A formal presentation in Ada is given in the Appendix. A string of ASCII characters, such as in FIGURE 1, represents a function in our language which takes strings to strings. Of course, strings of ASCII characters such as "The quick brown fox" and "%*!!" represent nothing at all in our programming language. Let A1 be the set of all strings in X * representing functions in our language of one input STRING which outputs a STRING. Similarly let A2 be the set of all strings in
Size Selective Photoetching of CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitizers on Single-Crystal TiO2

Cadmium selenide quantum dots covalently attached to and photosensitizing single-crystal TiO2 surfaces are observed to corrode under illumination in aqueous electrolyte containing iodide as a regenerator. Comparison of photocurrent spectra before and after long-term monochromatic illumination indicated that the CdSe QD sensitizers photocorroded and decreased in size until their band gap energy exceeded the excitation energy. This wavelength-dependent photoelectrochemical etching mechanism can be used to tune the size distribution of surface adsorbed QDs and may account for the instability of QD sensitized solar cells that do not employ sulfide-based electrolytes.
Air Aap Discharging of 750 kV Single Compact Power Transmission Line

The compact power transmission technology is a new technology which is developed quickly and applied in China for recent years.Compared with conventional lines,the compact power transmission lines improve the delivery of natural power,compress the width of corridor,and have lower construction cost.This technology has great economic and social benefits.This paper studies the air gap discharging of 750 kV single circuit linear tower under switching impulse and lighting impulse,introduces the method for calculating the insulation flashover probability,and calculates them under different altitudes.
The soil moisture active passive mission: Fault protection performance and lessons learned

Fault protection as a discipline involves a collection of flight software logic and operational processes for detecting unacceptable anomalous behavior, responding prior to reaching criticality, restricting the propagation of a failure beyond a fault containment region, and recovering the vehicle back to full or degraded functionality if possible. The System Fault Protection (SFP) design for the SMAP Earth orbiter was put to the test during its 90-day vehicle Commissioning activities. During this time, the SFP software autonomously protected the vehicle from multiple faults to critical hardware, and the operations team successfully returned the observatory to its science state. The SFP also performed well in the presence of anomalous behavior below true safety limits by not taking unnecessary response actions, instead allowing the operations team time to monitor the behavior. Certain aspects of the SFP design were modified during operations via both parameter updates and a full flight software update in order to better match the vehicle behavior in the flight environment. An evaluation of the SMAP SFP performance during vehicle Commissioning will be provided in this paper, as well as a set of lessons learned largely focused on visibility, SFP mutability in operations, responses to peripheral device faults, and Safe Mode recovery and design. By capturing some of the knowledge gained during SMAP Commissioning, it is intended that this paper provide guidance for making future System Fault Protection designs more robust and supportive of operations.
Siblings of Children with Disabilities

A combination of societal and legislative changes have made the lives of individuals with disabilities and their families more comfortable in comparison to the way things were throughout history. In vast areas of society, the accommodations and sensitivity offered to individuals with disabilities have created a less restrictive and more accessible environment to people with an array of challenges. Families of individuals with disabilities have also gained attention and now have a collection of services provided for their education and support.
Impact of Massive Transfusion and Aging Blood in Acute Trauma.

Blood transfusions cause altered immunity and the duration of storage is contributory. In the era of massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) this impact is unclear, particularly as it relates to balanced transfusions. Trauma patients requiring our MTP after admission to our Level II trauma center were studied. The average age of blood transfused was calculated; old blood was a storage time of ≥14 days versus new blood 1:1. Infections, organ dysfunction multiorgan injury (MOI), and death were compared based on ratios and blood storage times. Of 2200 trauma admissions, 89 patients required MTP. Penetrating injuries were the majority, n = 53; and Injury Severity Score was 33 ± 14. Overall mortality was 31 per cent and sepsis was 28 per cent. Outcomes (storage time): Patients receiving old versus new blood had comparable age and Injury Severity Score. Sepsis rates, multiorgan injury and mortality were similar. Outcomes (packed red blood cells:fresh frozen plasma): Balanced transfusions (ratios of 1:1) demonstrated significant survival benefit and less infections compared with ratios >1:1. These data underscore the complexity of transfusion-related morbidity. In the modern era of MTP and balanced transfusions, the age of stored blood may not impact outcomes as demonstrated historically.
Condensation on hybrid-patterned copper tubes (II): Visualization study of droplet dynamics

Abstract Condensation heat transfer performance can be significantly enhanced by patterning the condenser surface with different wettability regions as shown by numerous studies, including part I of this study. In part I of this study, some patterned surfaces with alternative parallel straight stripes consist of hydrophobic (β) and less-hydrophobic (α) regions at different ratios exhibited higher heat transfer rate than others. In this Part II of the study, our objective is to analyse the droplet dynamics during water vapor condensation on hybrid-wettability patterned horizontal tube surfaces under saturation conditions near the atmospheric pressure. Three major outlines were found in the course of the droplets dynamic investigation. First, the existence of an optimum (β/α) ratio that maximized the condensation heat transfer rate, as demonstrated in part I of a sample carrying β and α-regions widths of 0.6 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively is justified. This is because the optimum ratio exhibits the maximum droplet departure frequency and the minimum droplet area coverage rate among other samples. Second, the reduction in the heat transfer rate resulting from any deviation from the optimum ratio is also identified. We observed that by increasing the α-regions width on the hybrid patterned surface, the condensation was dominated by the filmwise mode, thus reducing the condensation rate. In contrast, decreasing the width of α-regions less than the optimum ratio was found to be unfavourable due to the increase in the bridging droplets observed and discussed herein. Lastly, the undesirable observed bridging phenomenon found to occur on all tested hybrid patterned surfaces, can significantly influence the condensation heat transfer performance. A bridging droplet can be referred to a droplet joined (bridged) by two, three, or four neighboring α-stripes. Increasing these unwanted droplets formation frequency can induce additional thermal resistance which can reduce the condensation rate. The most dominant and frequent bridging droplet type observed herein was found to be for droplets that were bridged by two α-regions, followed by those between three and four α-regions. A quantitative method (i.e. Bridging coverage area rate) was adapted herein to quantify the influence of the velocity, frequency, and size of the three types of bridging droplets on the condensation rate of the hybrid patterned surfaces.