cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual flowering phenology, plant size, and reproductive success in Linanthus androsaceus , a California annual

For natural selection to shape population flowering phenologies, individual phenological variation must be correlated with variation in reproductive success. I therefore marked and followed individual plants of Linanthus androsaceus (a California grassland annual) throughout the flowering season, recording individual flowering phenology, flower number, mortality, and seed production. Although date of first flowering was unrelated to number of flowers, plants first flowering during an intermediate interval had a greater probability of setting seed, and a stronger relationship between seed number and flower number, than plants first flowering early or late in the season. The actual distribution of first flowering date in the population was clustered around this intermediate interval. In contrast with first flowering date, flowering duration was correlated with flower number, with a positively skewed distribution that reflected the skewed size structure of the population. The combined distributions of individual flowering dates and furations resulted in an overall population flowering curve that was skewed to the right. Within individual quadrats, Linanthus density was positively correlated with skewness if the quadrat flowering phenology curve, and negatively correlated with the percentage of plants in bloom at flowering peak. Thus, although individual variation in first flowering date was related to reproductive success in L. androsaceus, the size dependence of flowering duration provides a mechanism whereby ecological factors can shape population flowering phenologies without evolutionary change.
Sperm competition and the evolution of gametic compatibility in externally fertilizing taxa

Proteins expressed on the surface of sperm and egg mediate gametic compatibility and these proteins can be subject to intense positive selection. In this review, we discuss what is known about the patterns of adaptive evolution of gamete recognition proteins (GRPs). We focus on species that broadcast eggs and sperm into the environment for external fertilization, as the ease of observing and manipulating gamete interactions has allowed for greater advances in the understanding of GRP evolution, uncomplicated by confounding behavioral and physiological components that offer alternative evolutionary targets in internal fertilizers. We discuss whether interspecific mechanisms, such as selection to avoid fertilization between species (reinforcement selection), or intraspecific mechanisms, such as selection to increase (or decrease) the affinity between eggs and sperm based on the intensity of sperm competition, may be responsible for the pattern of GRP evolution observed. Variation in these proteins appears to influence gametic compatibility; GRP divergence among species is a better predictor of hybrid fertilization than neutral genetic markers and GRP variation within species predicts reproductive success among individuals within a population. Evidence suggests that sperm competition may play a large role in the evolution of gametic compatibility.
States of Insecurity: Everyday Emergencies, Public Secrets, and Drug Trafficker Power in a Brazilian Favela

This article analyzes how drug traffickers and police in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, co-participate in the creation of a state of (in)security in the city's poor neighborhoods. I draw on ethnographic research to argue that drug traffickers dominate Rio's favelas (squatter neighborhoods) by producing everyday emergencies (or “ordered disorder”) and by deliberately manipulating secrecy.
Energy-Level Model for Isothermal Seed Germination

We have been successful in building an energy-level model that describes seed germination. We used the autocatalytic reaction rate equation to fit the germination rate for seed germination. The two parameters [A] 0 and [F] 0 were found by fitting the integrated germination rate equation to the data. The values of [A] 0 and [F] 0 obey the Arrhenius equation energies for the second and third stage of the four-compartmental model of seed germination
The Tumor Promoter 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) Provokes a Prolonged Morphologic Response and ERK Activation in Tsc2-Null Renal Tumor Cells

Loss of tumor suppressor function dramatically alters the cellular response to chemicals. The phorbol ester tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), stimulates cell proliferation through rapid activation of protein kinase C (PKC), followed by gradual degradation of the kinase. TPA also activates the GTPase Rap1 in some cell types. The tumor suppressor protein Tsc2 has a proposed GTPase activating protein (GAP) function for Rap1, providing a common mechanistic target for Tsc2 and TPA. We compared the cellular response of Tsc2-null (ERC-18) and Tsc2-competent (NRK-52E) renal epithelial cells to TPA treatment. Treatment of ERC-18 cells with 100 ng/ml TPA for 24 h resulted in loss of cell-cell contact, retraction of the cell periphery and rounding. These changes were reversed 1 h after treatment in NRK-52E cells and were apparent 24 h after treatment of ERC-18 cells. Expression of Tsc2 in ERC-18 cells abrogated the prolonged morphologic response. TPA treatment rapidly increased phosphorylation of ERK, a reported downstream effector of both PKC and Rap1, in ERC-18 cells, but induced weak Rap1 activation. TPA-induced ERK phosphorylation was prolonged in ERC-18 cells compared to NRK-52E cells and expression of Tsc2 in ERC-18 cells did not inhibit prolonged ERK activation. The selective PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide VIII, however, inhibited TPA-induced changes in morphology and ERK activation. These results imply that TPA-induced changes in morphology and ERK activation are mediated primarily through PKC and not Rap1 in renal epithelial cells. These data also imply that Tsc2 expression modulates TPA-induced changes in renal epithelial cell morphology via an ERK-independent mechanism.
Measurement Properties of the NIH Stroke Scale During Acute Rehabilitation

Background and Purpose The scale of stroke impairment characteristics by Brott and associates, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale, has been used widely in various studies of stroke outcome; however, the measurement properties of the items applied to patients during medical rehabilitation have not been evaluated thoroughly. This study evaluated the extent to which scale items cohere to define a unidimensional construct and have a useful range for application to patients during medical rehabilitation. Methods Rating scale (or Rasch) analysis of the 15 NIH Stroke Scale items was conducted using the BIGSTEPS computer program to evaluate (1) the range of impairment assessed by the items, (2) the items’ coherence with an underlying construct of impairment, and (3) range of impairment measured in rehabilitation patients. We sought to maximize the range of impairment measured by conducting analyses recursively; at each subsequent step, the worst fitting item was deleted or rescored. The sample comprised 1291 admission and discharge records from 693 rehabilitation inpatients with stroke. Results Thirteen items arrayed the sample across a sufficient range of impairment. The limb ataxia item fit poorly and was deleted; lower ratings for this item were associated with higher scores on the total scale. Pupillary response was also deleted because ratings reflected poor congruence with the total score. Best language was rescored because intermediate ratings were inconsistently related to the total score. Patients with hemorrhagic strokes had poorer fitting measures than did patients with ischemic strokes. Conclusions The items in a revised NIH Stroke Scale worked well together to define the severity of impairment resulting from stroke that is observed during medical rehabilitation. Directions regarding limb ataxia should be modified to indicate untestability due to hemiplegia.
Behavioral risk factors among Black and White women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.

Background: To determine the rates of three behavioral risk factors (depression symptoms, smoking, and drinking) among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and to examine if the rates under investigation differed between Black and White women. Method: Subjects were 147 women (47% Black, 53% White) newly diagnosed with breast cancer and participating in an epidemiologic interview study conducted at two metropolitan area cancer centers in the same city. The epidemiologic interview included women's tobacco, alcohol, and drug use history, medical and family history, and depression symptoms. Results: Among all women in the sample, 33% reported clinically significant depression symptoms, 10% currently smoked cigarettes, and 57% currently drank alcohol. Seventy percent of women reported experiencing one or more behavioral risk factors, and White women were more likely than Black women to do so. After controlling for other demographic variables, White women were 50% more likely to report clinical symptoms of depression (odds ratio=1.55, 95% confidence interval=1.03, 2.30) and over two times more likely to report being current drinkers (odds ratio=2.19, 95% confidence interval=1.45, 3.30) than were Black women (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that certain behaviors of Black women may be associated with lower levels of self-reported distress. These findings also suggest the need for further research to examine behavioral comorbidity among women with breast cancer, and the roles that race, ethnicity, and culture may play in their expression. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High throughput on-chip analysis of high-energy charged particle tracks using lensfree imaging

We demonstrate a high-throughput charged particle analysis platform, which is based on lensfree on-chip microscopy for rapid ion track analysis using allyl diglycol carbonate, i.e., CR-39 plastic polymer as the sensing medium. By adopting a wide-area opto-electronic image sensor together with a source-shifting based pixel super-resolution technique, a large CR-39 sample volume (i.e., 4 cm × 4 cm × 0.1 cm) can be imaged in less than 1 min using a compact lensfree on-chip microscope, which detects partially coherent in-line holograms of the ion tracks recorded within the CR-39 detector. After the image capture, using highly parallelized reconstruction and ion track analysis algorithms running on graphics processing units, we reconstruct and analyze the entire volume of a CR-39 detector within ∼1.5 min. This significant reduction in the entire imaging and ion track analysis time not only increases our throughput but also allows us to perform time-resolved analysis of the etching process to monitor and optimize the growth of ion tracks during etching. This computational lensfree imaging platform can provide a much higher throughput and more cost-effective alternative to traditional lens-based scanning optical microscopes for ion track analysis using CR-39 and other passive high energy particle detectors.
The Anti‐inflammatory Activity of N‐Substituted Indazolones in Mice

N-Substituted indazolones were shown to be potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents in mice at 8 mg/kg. In addition, the agents were able to protect against death caused by endotoxins similar to those found in chronic infections. In part, the ability of these agents to suppress the inflammatory process is due to their blockage of cytokine release, e.g.TNF alpha and IL-1, as well as their inhibition of high affinity binding to receptors on target cells of inflammation. Suppressing these receptors can be linked to the inhibition by the agents of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes, prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and 5'-lipoxygenase activities. Free radical generation involved in inflammation was also stabilized in the presence of most of these agents.
Multivariate Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction: Evaluation of ARIMAX Modeling

Short-term freeway traffic flow forecasting efforts to date have focused on predictions based solely on previous observations at the location of interest. This univariate prediction is useful for certain types of intelligent transportation system (ITS) forecasts, such as operational demand forecasts at system entry points. In addition, data from upstream sensors should improve forecasts at downstream locations. This motivates investigation of multivariate forecast models that include upstream sensor data. A candidate model is transfer functions with autoregressive integrated moving average errors, otherwise known as the ARIMAX model. The ARIMAX model was applied to motorway data from France that had been the subject of previous traffic flow forecasting research. The results indicate that ARIMAX models provide improved forecast performance over univariate forecast models. However, several issues must be addressed before widespread use of ARIMAX models for ITS forecasts is feasible. These issues include the...
Development of test methods for scale model simulation of aerial applications in the NASA Langley Vortex Facility

Methods have been developed at the Langley Vortex Research Facility to simulate and measure the deposition patterns of aerially applied sprays and granular materials by means of tests with small-scale models of agricultural and dynamically scaled test particles. Interactions between the aircraft wake and the dispersed particles are studied with the aim of modifying wake characteristics and dispersal techniques in order to increase swath width, improve deposition pattern uniformity, and minimize drift. This paper examines the particle sizing analysis, test methods for particle dispersal from the model aircraft, and measurement and computer analysis of test deposition patterns. Results that indicate improved control of chemical drift by winglets are presented to demonstrate test methods.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurements in Hospitalized Children with Asthma

Background. The reproducibility of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurements performed in pediatric hospitalized asthmatics has not been previously evaluated. Objective. To evaluate the reproducibility of FENO measurements in the hospital; to look for differences between those who were and were not able to perform FENO measurements; and to assess any factors correlated with FENO measurements. Methods. 89 hospitalized pediatric asthmatics performed FENO, FEV1, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) maneuvers in triplicate at the time of discharge. Reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Demographic and measured variables were compared between those who were and were not able to perform FENO measurements. Correlation of FENO with other variables was investigated. Results. FENO measurements showed clinically acceptable ICC and CV values (0.973 and 5.59%, respectively). These values were superior to the values obtained for FEV1 and PEFR. ...
Continued rise in the use of mid-level providers in US emergency departments, 1993–2009

Emergency department (ED) visits in the US have risen dramatically over the past 2 decades. In order to meet the growing demand, mid-level providers (MLPs) – both physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) – were introduced into emergency care. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that MLP usage in US EDs continues to rise. We analyzed ED data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to identify trends in ED visits seen by MLPs. We also compared MLP-only visits (defined as visits where the patient was seen by a MLP without being seen by a physician) with those seen by physicians only. During 1993 to 2009, 8.4% (95%CI, 7.6–9.2%) of all US ED visits were seen by MLPs. These summary data include marked changes in MLP utilization: PA visits rose from 2.9% to 9.9%, while NP visits rose from 1.1% to 4.7% (both Ptrend < 0.001). Together, MLP visits accounted for almost 15% of 2009 ED visits and 40% of these were seen without involvement of a physician. Compared to physician only visits, those seen by MLPs only were less likely to arrive by ambulance (16% vs 6%) and be admitted (14% vs 3%). Mid-level provider use is rising in US EDs. By 2009, approximately one in seven visits involved MLPs, with PAs managing twice as many visits as NPs. Although patients seen by MLPs only are generally of lower acuity, these nationally representative data confirm that MLP care extends beyond minor presentations.
The Effect of Fire, Mowing and Fertilizer Amendment on Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Tallgrass Prairie

Abstract Tallgrass prairie sites subjected to 10 y of annual burning, mowing, nitrogen (N) fertilization or phosphorus (P) fertilization and untreated reference sites were studied to examine effects of these management practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Spring burning of native prairie field plots significantly reduced AM fungal species diversity, while increasing spore abundance. This increase in total spore number was due to a general increase in most of the 17 fungal species present. In general, the management treatments had larger effects on the richness component of diversity than on the evenness of AM species abundances. Burning and mowing had no significant effects on AM fungal colonization of roots or extraradical mycorrhizal hyphae (EMH) development. However, nitrogen fertilization significantly increased root colonization and EMH development, and P amendment decreased EMH development. There was no significant effect of fertilizer amendment on AM spore abundance, fungal species d...
Should the Tail Wag the Dog?: The Potential Effects of Recidivism Data on Character Evidence Rules

This article is an empirical analysis of the propensity character rules of evidence based upon data derived from recent recidivism studies published by the United States Sentencing Commission and the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics. It analyzes recidivism data in light of the historical underpinnings of the propensity character rules of evidence and recent developments in personality trait theory, positing that now is perhaps the time for change in evidentiary law based upon this research.
Abstract 487: Saturated FFA Induced NF-κB Activation Is Independent of IKK/IκBα in Aortic Endothelial Cells

Accumulating evidence has suggested a linkage between free fatty acids (FFAs) and chronic inflammation. It has been shown that saturated FFAs inhibits insulin signal in adipocytes though the activation of IKK. In this study, we examined the effect of FFAs on NF-κB activation in bovine aortic endothelial cells. We found that the saturated FFAs, but not the unsaturated FFAs, caused the activation of NF-κB at a low but sustained level. As a result, ICAM-1 expression was also increased. Interestingly, inconsistent with the previous reports on insulin signal, no changes in IKK phosphorylation and IκBα protein level were observed. IKK16, an IKK inhibitor, failed to block saturated FFA induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. These results imply that saturated FFA induced NF-κB activation is independent of IKK activation and IκBα degradation in aortic endothelial cells, suggesting a novel mechanism for NF-κB activation.
Some Factors Influencing Students' Attitudes Toward Older People

If, on the other hand, the social milieu of the lower-class boy supported the school and encouraged him to bend every effort to keep up with his work, he would finish high school whether he enjoyed it or not-the way middle-class boys do. At graduation he might decide that he would like to become a plumber. That is, he might not crave middle-class status enough to suffer the discipline of continued education. But if he were not content with a lower-class status, if he wanted above all things to "be somebody," the educational route to high status would still be open. He would still have a choice; he would not be forced to accept a menial occupational role whether he liked it or not. As it is, the crucial decision is made before he is old enough to have a voice in it; it is made by his parents, his neighbors, and his friends. To sum up, the middle-class child has the following advantages in school compared with the lower-class child: (1) his parents are probably better educated and are therefore more capable of helping him with his school work if this should be necessary; (2) his parents are more eager to make his school work seem meaningful to him by indicating, implicitly or explicitly, the occupational applications of long division or history; (3) the verbal skills which he acquires as part of child training on the middle-class status level prepare him for the type of training that goes on in school and give him an initial (and cumulating) advantage over the lower-class child in the classroom learning situation; and (4) the coordinated pressure of parents, friends, and neighbors reinforce his motivation for scholastic success and increase the probability of good school adjustment.
Integrating the Visual Arts Back into the Classroom with Mobile Applications: Teaching beyond the "Click and View" Approach.

AbstractTeachers can use mobile applications to integrate the visual arts back into the classroom, but how? This article generates recommendations for selecting and using well-designed mobile applications in the visual arts beyond a “click and view ” approach. Using quantitative content analysis, the results show the extent to which a sample of 16 mobile applications promoted physiological features (e.g., interactive touch), psychological learning principles (post, share comment/art work), pedagogical voice (e.g., social constructivist teaching), socio-cultural dimensions (artist ’s background), aesthetic understanding (e.g., line, color) and creative self-efficacy (e.g., the belief in the ability to make a new painting). We propose to address this imbalance through the pedagogical model Play, Curricular activities, Reflection, Discussion (PCARD).
Noninvasive Neuromodulation Via Tragal Stimulation: Time to Lend an Ear?∗

The tight link between the cardiac autonomic nervous system and arrhythmogenesis is well established [(1)][1]. After cardiac injury, remodeling occurs at various nexus points in the cardiac neural hierarchy [(2–5)][2]. The degree of remodeling at these centers demonstrated in animal models and in
TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF AN AEROSOL DISINFECTANT

Objective To study toxicity of an aerosol disinfectant containing extract of Artemisia argyi,assess its potential toxicity and provide experimental data for application safety.Method Animal test was employed for toxicological assessment of the aerosol disinfectant.Results LD50 in mouse acute oral toxicity test was higher than 5000 mg/kg.No significant difference between testing group and control group was found in mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test.In subacute tests,the growth of animals,blood routine examination items and blood biochemical indexes of the test animals showed no abnormal changes.The disinfectant had no irritating effect on intact skin of test animals.Conclusions The aerosol disinfectant containing extract of Artemisia argyi showed no toxic effects on mice,and had no irritating effcct on rabbit skin and potential capacity of inducing micronucleus in mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes.
Stratifying risk of prostate cancer recurrence following external beam radiation therapy: Comparing prostate MRI with prostate biopsy pathology.

Background: In patients with clinically localized prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy, studies have shown information from prostate biopsy cores can be predictive of clinical outcomes. Recent work from our institution compared several biopsy findings in low- and intermediate-risk patients and found a subset of patients who were more likely to fail treatment. This indicates patients in these groups may benefit from further risk stratification prior to initiation of therapy. Furthermore, findings on pre-treatment prostate MRI independently predict PSA relapse after external beam radiation therapy. Comparing MRI and pathological data may help to accurately further risk stratify patients. Our purpose is to determine if there is a correlation between the poor prognostic factors demonstrated on prostate biopsy cores and selected findings on prostate MRI. Methods: Intermediate risk prostate cancer patients with 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI scans of the prostate performed from 2007-2011 were selected for a retrospective cohort study. Cases were reviewed by two body-trained radiologists who were blinded to clinical patient information. Reader consensus was obtained at the time of reading regarding presence of extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and disease in each sextant by T2 and ADC imaging, including a dominant nodule. Results were analyzed for correlation between these findings on MRI and compared with results of prostate biopsy cores, including maximum involvement of any biopsy core (MIBC), percentage of cancer volume (PCV) and percent positive biopsy cores (PPBC). Results: The absolute presence of a dominant nodule on MRI was statistically significantly correlated with elevated PCV and PPBC applying the t-test for equality of means, with p-values of 0.019 and 0.006 respectively. PSA, Gleason score, and MIBC were not found to be correlated with dominant nodule on MRI. Conclusions: There is a strong positive correlation between MRI findings of a dominant nodule and prognostic biopsy findings of elevated PPBC and PCV.
Latent residual tumor following external radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma

AbstractFifty patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated by external supervoltage radiotherapy. Needle biopsies were obtained at timed intervals after completion of therapy. Six of 17 patients with stages A and B disease and 15 of 33 patients with stage C disease had positive biopsies. In patients biopsied more than 18 months after therapy 15 of 29 (52 per cent) had residual tumors. Of 17 patients biopsied 36 months or more after therapy 10 (59 per cent) had residual tumor. These results suggest that patients with residual tumor 18 months after therapy will not have resolution of the tumor at a future date and represent treatment failure.
Imagination in Action

Recent interest in phenomena of simulation, pretense, and play has given rise to new philosophical debates on the basic structure of human action and action planning. Some philosophers sought to transform Hume's desire-belief-action model by sophisticating its basic structure. For example, they introduced “hypothetical world boxes” or imaginary “i-desires” and “i-beliefs” into the standard model, in order to account for the representational and motivational structures of imaginary scripts. Others used phenomena of behavior driven by imagination to attempt a more fundamental critique of the Humean tradition. This article aims to show how the pragmatist tradition could be used as a resource in reframing current debates on imagination, pretense, and simulation in the cognitive sciences. This will help determine the role of imagination in intelligent human deliberation.
Health Reform and Retirement.

Objective To analyze whether there was an increase in retirement or in part-time work among older workers after January 2014, when new health insurance coverage options became available because of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Method We analyze trends in retirement and part-time work for individuals aged 50-64 years in the basic monthly Current Population Survey from January 2008 through June 2016. We test for a break in trend in January 2014. We also test for differences in trends, both before and after 2014, in states that expanded their Medicaid programs in January 2014 under the ACA compared with those that did not. Results We find that there was no change in the probability of retirement or part-time work among older workers in 2014 and later, either overall or in Medicaid expansion states relative to nonexpansion states. Discussion Although many observers had predicted that an unintended consequence of health reform would be reduced labor supply, we find no evidence of this for older workers in the first 2.5 years after the law's major coverage provisions took effect.
Chapter 16 Wolf Prey Selection in an Elk-Bison System: Choice or Circumstance?

Theme What a predator eats when given choices, and the subsequent effects of this behavior on ecosystem stability, has long been a topic of interest for ecologists. Prey selection is influenced by the absolute and relative abundances of prey types, the life history characteristics of predators and prey, and the attributes of the environment in which these interactions occur. Strong preference by a predator for a particular prey type can lead to ecosystem instability, while prey switching can lessen predation effects on the less abundant prey and enhance system stability. Evaluating prey selection in large mammal systems is difficult due to the broad spatial and temporal scales at which these predatory interactions occur, and investigations, particularly with wolf-ungulate systems, typically involve only the primary prey. Multiple prey species characterize most large mammal predator-prey systems, therefore research into predator-multiple prey dynamics has the potential to yield important ecological insights. We studied winter prey selection during 1996–1997 through 2006–2007 in a newly established wolf-elk-bison system where prey differed substantially in their vulnerability to wolf ( Canis lupus ) predation and wolves preyed primarily on elk ( Cervus elaphus ) but also used bison ( Bison bison ) to varying degrees within and among winters and packs. We analyzed the relative influences of prey abundance, predator abundance, and environmental variables on the selection of prey species and age classes and evaluated whether wolves exhibited prey switching from elk to bison.
Perineal Repair of Rectal Prolapse

Covered in this chapter are complications of perineal proctectomy, rectal mucosectomy (Delorme), anal circlage (Thiersch), and stapled perineal proctectomy (TRANSTAR or PSP). The relative risk of each complication is not presented as it is impossible to calculate from the cited case reports and series. Rather atentin is drawn to their existence so that they might be recognized should they occur.
Sediment gravity flows triggered by remotely generated earthquake waves

Recent great earthquakes and tsunamis around the world have heightened awareness of the inevitability of similar events occurring within the Cascadia Subduction Zone of the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed seafloor temperature, pressure, and seismic signals, and of video stills of sediment-enveloped instruments recorded during the 2011- 2015 Cascadia Initiative experiment, and seafloor morphology. Our results led us to suggest that thick accretionary prism sediments amplified and extended seismic wave durations from the April 11, 2012 Mw8.6 Indian Ocean earthquake, located more than 13,500 km away. These waves triggered a sequence of small slope failures on the Cascadia margin that led to sediment gravity flows culminating in turbidity currents. Previous studies have related the triggering of sediment-laden gravity flows and turbidite deposition to local earthquakes, but this is the first study in which the originating seismic event is extremely distant (>10,000 km). The possibility of remotely triggered slope failures that generate sediment-laden gravity flows should be considered in inferences of recurrence intervals of past great Cascadia earthquakes from turbidite sequences. Future similar studies may provide new understanding of submarine slope failures and turbidity currents and the hazards they pose to seafloor infrastructure and tsunami generation in regions both with and without local earthquakes.
Grade Perceptions of Students in Chemistry Coursework at All Levels.

Various reasons are attributed to poor student performance in physical science courses such as lack of motivation, lack of ability, and/or the overall difficulty of these courses. One overlooked reason is a lack of self-awareness as to preparation level. Through a study over a two-year period, students at all levels (freshman through M.S.) of a chemistry program were surveyed and asked to self-report predictions of their score on examinations. At all levels, strong evidence of the Kruger–Dunning effect was seen where higher performing students tended to underpredict their examination scores while the lowest performing students tended to grossly overpredict their scores.
Are employees with higher organization-based self-esteem less likely to quit? A moderated mediation model

Abstract This study focuses on striving for achievement as an important antecedent forming Organization-Based Self-Esteem (OBSE) and the relationship between achievement striving and turnover intention in the hospitality industry. More specifically, employees with higher achievement striving traits show a stronger negative correlation between OBSE and turnover intention, through organizational commitment. An online survey was distributed to restaurant employees; 160 valid responses were analyzed. An analytic framework based on confirmatory factor analysis and logic regression was used to examine the hypotheses. The results show that organizational commitment fully mediated the relationship between OBSE and turnover intention, and higher levels of individual achievement striving significantly modified the conditional indirect relationship. The results showed that the mediation model and achievement striving strength accounted for 15.7% of the variance in turnover intention at the 50 th, 75 th, and 90 th level and was most effective for low OBSE employees. Theoretical implications and future research are included.
Capturing Lessons for Practice

Classroom practitioners are often asked to adopt continually changing standards, to be collaborators and reflective practitioners, and to make new and evolving technologies an integral part of their practice. Understanding Problems of Practice: A Case Study in Design Research describes a process for thinking about and reflecting on innovative practice – the design research process. Each of the five phases of the design research process is exemplified by a discussion of how the authors used this process to create a technology education course for perspective secondary educators. In this chapter, the authors discuss the fifth phase of the design research process. In the design research literature, this phase is generally concerned with gathering evidence to promote the broader adoption, enactment, and sustainability of an innovation and often involves professional development, diffusion, technical support, and problem-solving. The authors acknowledge that the activities associated with this phase are only rarely within the purview of the classroom practitioner. Thus, for the classroom practitioner, the fifth phase of the design research process should focus on capturing lessons learned about both practice and the use of the design research process. Reframing this phase as capturing lessons learned better suits the classroom practitioner as it supports the goal of design research to contribute to improvements in practice as well as expand practitioner knowledge. To exemplify this phase, the authors present the lessons they learned about their practice and the reframed design research process they used as classroom practitioners.
Social and Environmental Impacts of the Rise and Fall of Flue-Cured Tobacco Production in the Copán Valley

The Copan Valley, located in western Honduras adjacent to the Guatemalan border, is famous as the site of the ancient Maya city of Copan, which attracts thousands of tourists to the Valley every year. Visitors to the archeological site find a beautiful Valley with an appealing agricultural landscape of crops, pastures, and tobacco barns scattered along the bottomlands of the Copan River, which lies at about 600 m above sea level (masl) and flows westward into Guatemala. The surrounding hills and mountains, extending up to about 1,500 masl, are a patchwork of land cleared for crops and pastures, secondary forest, coffee groves, and pine-oak forests.
Ideology and Ideological Modes of Reasoning: A Theory of Contingent Preference Formation

Focusing on foreign policy, this study formulates a theory of contingent reasoning. Choices between alternative courses of action, we show, are a function of the interaction of ideological dispositions and asymmetries in causal attributions. In a series of experiments embedded in a national survey we find that liberals and conservatives differ in the value they attach to multilateral processes and also in the emphasis they put on the character of the countries involved. Conservatives treat the character they attribute to countries as a significant feature guiding policy choice; liberals attach more weight to context and procedure. Contrary to the impression of much previous research, then, ideology thus plays a consequential role in foreign policy reasoning in mass publics. Conservatives and liberals consistently take opposing sides of foreign policy choices as a function of consistently following distinctive decision rules that focus their attention on different features of choice situations.
Fibrous Polymers for the Delivery of Contraceptive Steroids to the Female Reproductive Tract

Research and development on the application of controlled-release technology to fertility regulation was initiated in the late 1960s and has been accelerated in recent years.1’2 Since sustained-release doses obviate the problem of cyclic overdosing and underdosing associated with the conventional administration of steroids, the technology, in principle, affords a means of effecting an optimum pharmacological response with a minimum dose of exogenous steroid.3 Depending upon the half-life of the drug in plasma, the duration of the dose regimen, and the route of administration, the total dose can be reduced to 1/100 or less for continuous versus intermittant delivery.
Horses: Behavior and Welfare Assessment

The behavior of horses, as with other species, can be an important indicator of their welfare. Obvious changes occur with disease process, but others can reflect subtle changes in environment too. Stereotypies are relatively common in horses and are generally considered to be an indicator of poor welfare. Recent research indicates that the situation may be much more complicated than that. Other major factors that impact the welfare of horses are also described.
Reviews and price on online platforms: Evidence from sentiment analysis of Airbnb reviews in Boston

Abstract There is a growing interest in deriving value from user-generated comments and reviews online. For businesses and consumers using online platforms, the reviews serve as quality metrics and influence consumers purchasing decision. This study examines the relationship between guests' reviews, used as a proxy for quality, and the price set by hosts on the Airbnb platform in Boston. Using sentiment analysis to derive the quality from the reviews and a hedonic spatial autoregressive model applied to rental room prices on Airbnb, we find that prices are strategic complements and are influenced by the review score, the characteristics of the room, and the features of the neighborhood. The marketing implication is that consumers respond to the contents of online reviews, in addition to customer ratings. Policies that improve the quality of the room for one host will have a spillover effect on the price of rooms offered by other hosts.
America's Abundance for School Lunches

(1942). America's Abundance for School Lunches. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 144-189.
The real earnings management of cross-listing firms

Abstract We examine the existence of real and accrual-based earnings management before and after cross-listings on the U.S. market. The results indicate that firms actively manage their earnings around cross-listing events, using both accrual and real earnings management, but real earnings management is dominant. American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) cross-listed at Level 1 and sponsored ADRs show the largest increase in real earnings management from before to after the listing. Firms that have adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) display lower increases than firms under domestic GAAP. Finally, our results confirm a significant negative relationship between long-run performance and real earnings management before and after major corporate events.
Anastomosing hemangioma of the liver: a case series

To report imaging and pathologic features of five pathologically proven anastomosing hemangiomas of the liver (AHL). A retrospective review for AHL was conducted using our institutional database from 6/2004 to 3/2018. Histology proven AHL with radiologic imaging available for review were included. A total of five patients who met our criteria were identified from our institutional database. Computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging findings, including location, size, attenuation/signal intensity, enhancement characteristics, and additional imaging data were reviewed. The clinical and pathological data were also reviewed. The imaging characteristics of AHL are variable, but features such as peripheral or diffuse hyperintensity on diffusion weighted imaging, arterial hyperenhancement without globular interrupted enhancement, and persistent enhancement without complete filling in the delayed phases were more characteristic of AHL. Imaging also demonstrated a lack of aggressive features. AHL present a diagnostic dilemma as they can mimic more malignant lesions, such as angiosarcoma, both on imaging and at pathology. While the imaging characteristics of AHL are variable, there are some features which can help distinguish AHL from other liver lesions. When the diagnosis of anastomosing hemangioma is known, the management of choice is primarily surveillance, as intervention can cause unnecessary morbidity, and no degeneration to malignancy has been identified to date.
The Philosophical Foundations of Ecological Civilization: A Manifesto for the Future

The Philosophical Foundations of Ecological Civilization: A Manifesto for the Future is the most recent work by Australian environmental ethicist Arran Gare. Gare is one of the world’s leading prop...
Ocean E-Field Measurements Using Gliders

Abstract : Our long-term technical goal is to determine the limits of applicability of ocean electric field for vessel detection, classification and location on mobile and stationary platforms. Our primary objectives are to improve the sensitivity, size, power and usefulness of ocean electric field sensor systems on ocean-going, autonomous, mobile platforms. Our approach is to design, install and operate E-field sensor components on the UW Seaglider.
Caught Between the Push and the Pull: ELL Teachers’ Perceptions of Mainstreaming and ESOL Classroom Teaching

Seventy-one ELL teachers working in low-incidence settings were surveyed on their experiences teaching in both mainstream and ESOL classrooms settings. Responses showed a looming gap between the id...
Androgen Regulation of IgA Levels in Tears of Rats

Publisher Summary The secretory immune system plays an important role in the defense of mucosal surfaces throughout the body. Effector actions of this system are generated through secretory IgA. This immunoglobulin, which is transported into external secretions by secretory component (SC), acts to prevent bacterial adherence and viral invasion. Research has suggested that the secretory immune system of the eye might be regulated by hormones. This hypothesis is based upon several findings, which include: (1) SC concentrations in tears of male rats are greater than those of female rats; (2) orchiectomy results in a time-dependent decrease in tear SC levels; (3) testosterone administration to orchiectomized rats induces a significant increase in the SC concentration in tears; and (4) androgen exposure in vivo leads to a marked rise in the production of SC by the exorbital gland in vitro . SC controls the movement of polymeric IgA into mucosal secretions. Tear IgA is polymeric. This chapter examines whether androgens might also modulate tear IgA concentrations.
Bi-objective autonomous vehicle repositioning problem with travel time uncertainty

We study the problem of repositioning autonomous vehicles in a shared mobility system in order to simultaneously minimize the unsatisfied demand and the total operating cost. We first present a mixed integer linear programming formulation for the deterministic version of the problem. We extend this formulation to make it easier to work with in the non-deterministic setting. We then show how the travel time uncertainty can be incorporated into this extended deterministic formulation using chance-constraint programming. Finally, two new reformulations for the proposed chance-constraint program are developed. We show a critical result that the size of one of the reformulations (in terms of the number of variables and constraints) does not depend on the number of scenarios, and so it outperforms the other reformulation. Both reformulations are bi-objective mixed integer linear programs with a finite number of nondominated points and so they can be solved directly by algorithms such as the balanced box method (Boland et al. in INFORMS J Comput 27(4):735–754, 2015). A computational study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed reformulations.
Mass spectrometric characterization of carfentanil metabolism in human, dog, and rat lung microsomes via comparison to chemically synthesized metabolite standards

The metabolism of carfentanil was assessed using human, dog, and rat pulmonary microsomes. Mass spectrometry based analysis allowed for metabolite identification and species differentiation. Participation of different metabolic enzymes in carfentanil biotransformation was also assessed. Metabolite profiling was accomplished by incubating 10 µM carfentanil in human, dog, and rat lung microsomes. The metabolites were separated and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 18 metabolites were detected. Nine metabolites were authentically identified through comparison to synthesized reference standards. In human lung microsomes, nine metabolites were identified. In dog lung microsomes, 15 metabolites were identified with three being dog specific. In rat lung microsomes, 15 metabolites were identified and two were rat specific. Proposed metabolic pathways included N-dealkylation, monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, N-oxidation of piperidine ring nitrogen, and ketone formation. Participation of enzymes CYP2B6, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A4/5 to carfentanil metabolism was suggested by selective enzymatic inhibition. The pulmonary clearance in human lung microsomes was lower than the previously reported hepatic metabolism suggesting organ specific metabolic rates. The contribution of multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes to human, dog, and rat pulmonary microsomal carfentanil biotransformation varied between species. The identified metabolites may provide useful markers for possible forensic and clinical determination of the mode of ingestion but the use of dog and rat animal models was not indicated. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of chemically synthesized reference standards for the unequivocal identification of lung carfentanil metabolites.