cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IFN-α Sensitizes Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells to Apoptosis Induced by Double-Stranded RNA

The ability of endothelial cells to mount an efficient antiviral response is important in restricting viral dissemination and eliminating viral infection from the endothelium and surrounding tissues. We demonstrate that dsRNA, a molecular signature of viral infection, induced apoptosis in HUVEC, and priming with IFN-alpha shortened the time between when dsRNA was encountered and when apoptosis was initiated. IFN-alpha priming induced higher levels of mRNA for dsRNA-activated protein kinase, 2'5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and Toll-like receptor 3, transcripts that encode dsRNA-responsive proteins. dsRNA induced activation of dsRNA-activated protein kinase and nuclear translocation of transcription factors RelA and IFN regulatory factor-3 in IFN-alpha-primed HUVECs before the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. These changes did not occur in the absence of dsRNA, and apoptosis resulting from incubation with dsRNA occurred much later when cells were not primed with IFN-alpha. The entire population of IFN-alpha-primed HUVECs underwent nuclear translocation of RelA and IFN regulatory factor-3 in response to dsRNA, whereas less than one-half of the population responded with apoptosis. When IFN-alpha-primed HUVECs were coincubated with dsRNA and proteasome inhibitors, all HUVECs were rendered susceptible to dsRNA-induced apoptosis. These studies provide evidence that many endothelial cells that are alerted to the risk of infection by IFN-alpha would undergo apoptosis sooner in response to dsRNA than non-IFN-alpha-primed cells, and this would enhance the likelihood of eliminating infected cells prior to the production of progeny virions.
Preparing for Complexity and Wicked Problems through Transformational Learning Approaches

As the information environment becomes increasingly complex and challenging, Library and Information Studies (LIS) education is called upon to nurture innovative leaders capable of managing complex situations and “wicked problems.” While disciplinary expertise remains essential, higher levels of mental complexity and adaptive capabilities are also needed to manage complexity. This article reviews three transformational learning approaches with the potential to effectively guide student growth toward these higher levels: (1) overcoming immunity to change, (2) threshold concepts and variation theories, and (3) transformative learning theory. All three approaches aim at transforming high-level meanings that are limiting into understandings that empower in order to achieve pragmatic goals, comprehend foundational disciplinary concepts, and generate new frames of reference for social justice.
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans in the Pathogenesis of Human Periodontal Disease

The present report reviews data implicating Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the etiology of human periodontal disease. Recent data are also presented relative to: (1) serological studies of this microorganism using monoclonal antibodies and the serodiagnosis of A. actinomycetemcomitans infections; (2) characterization of the serotype antigens; (3) studies of the serotype distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans in extra-oral infections; and (4) examination of the correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans colony morphology and fimbriae.
Quantitative analysis of CD degradation induced by the fogging effect in e-beam lithography

In this paper, a quantitative method to analyze the effective range of fogging effect from massive data is presented. According to the calculated effective range, we use two approaches to correct the pattern-dependent CD error that come from e-beam writing. One is the fogging effect correction(FEC), which uses a Gaussian distributed model to describe FE. Second, we implement dosage modulation based on the assumption that the error caused by FE is linearly proportional to the pattern density of a mask. In summary, we are able to successfully predict the map of CD error for various layouts, and correct the error caused by FE in mask-making.
Hybrid clutter canceler with feedback guided predicative filtering on a heterogeneous parallel processing system

In this paper we describe a novel clutter cancellation platform based on a two stage approach that combines a feedback guided predictive front-end hybrid clutter canceller with high performance back-end filtering and target detection. The front-end architecture is based on an FPGA implementation of a Kalman filter that predicts target locations in real time and removes the target signals from the incoming data prior to hybrid cancellation. The back-end is user configurable and exploits high performance GPU and multi-core parallel hardware to simultaneously compute multiple clutter suppression and target detection algorithms coupled to an intelligent selection strategy for selecting the most accurate result. These target locations are fed back to the FPGA Kalman filter periodically to update the target predictions.
Thermodynamic coupling in chemical reactions.

The significance of thermodynamic coupling in chemical reactions—which recently has been questioned on thermodynamic grounds—is examined from the point of view of kinetics. It is shown that considerations of stoichiometry lead to a meaningful definition of velocity for elementary and certain elementary-complex reactions, whereas the non-equilibrium thermodynamic definition of reaction velocity is ambiguous in multireaction systems. Based on rate laws which include the effects of nonideality, it is proven that elementary-type reactions are not coupled thermodynamically and concluded that thermodynamic coupling has no kinetic significance. A discussion is given to show that this result is compatible with coupling in both biochemical systems and oscillating reactions.
Protection against endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis by immunization with capsular polysaccharide/adhesin.

BACKGROUNDStaphylococcus epidermidis is the principal pathogen in prosthetic valve endocarditis. The capsular polysaccharide adhesin (PS/A) has been shown to mediate attachment of bacteria to medical devices. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of active and passive immunization against PS/A in preventing S. epidermidis endocarditis in a rabbit model.METHODS AND RESULTSAortic valve vegetations were produced by inserting a Teflon catheter into the left ventricle through the right carotid artery. Bacteremia and endocarditis were then established by implanting in the left jugular vein a catheter that was attached to an osmotic pump and contaminated with S. epidermidis strain RP62A. During a 3-week study period, of 64 blood cultures taken every second or third day from six nonimmune rabbits, 54 (84%) yielded strain RP62A. In rabbits actively immunized with PS/A, eight of 60 blood cultures (13%) were positive (odds ratio 5.0, 95% CI, 2.0-12.3, p = 0.005). At death, all six nonimmune rabbits had infecte...
Driving Function-Based Design With Outcome-Driven Inputs

This paper presents research that integrates outcome-driven design methods with the more established function-based design methodologies. Outcome-driven design offers a more systematic approach to understanding the opportunity than the traditional and inconsistent means of gathering customer needs by exploring the reasons customers purchase products. These specific customer inputs are mapped to a process modeling technique to first broadly define how a customer will use a product. From this process model, a functional model can be extracted that abstractly captures what must happen within the product boundaries such that the product operates as intended to achieve the customers desired outcomes. An illustrative reverse engineering example is used to demonstrate the methodology. Preliminary case study validation results are discussed along with the conclusions and future work.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Radiation and cloudiness

The knowledge of the relation between climatological elements and factors is obviously basic, not only for a better physical understanding of the phenomena but also for the calculation of one variable from others which are often better and more completely known from observations. This point of view is particularly valid for radiation-observations, the number of which is not only rather restricted on the surface of the Earth, but also the distribution of the places with such observations is disadvantageous. An overwhelming percentage of the stations are crowded in the highly cultivated countries.
Quantifying and understanding protein adsorption to non-fouling surfaces

Surfaces grafted with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are known to resist protein adsorption. Research efforts in this field have focused on both developing surfaces with better resistance to protein adsorption and understanding the origin of resistance of PEO grafted surfaces to protein adsorption. In the first part of this contribution, we describe a novel quantification technique for extremely low protein coverage on surfaces. This technique utilizes measurement of the landing rate of microtubule filaments on kinesin proteins adsorbed on a surface to determine the kinesin density. The detection limit of our technique is 100 times lower than that of standard characterization methods and is employed to test the performance of novel and established coatings with outstanding resistance to protein adsorption. In the second part, a random sequential adsorption (RSA) model is presented for protein adsorption to PEO coated surfaces. The model suggests that PEO chains act as almost perfect steric barriers to protein adsorption. Furthermore, it can be used to predict the performance of a variety of systems towards resisting protein adsorption and can help in the design of better non-fouling surface coatings.
A powerful new approach for the treatment of dispersive media in finite-difference time-domain method

We show here that both the Debye poles and Lorentz pole pairs are special cases of complex-conjugate pole-residue pairs, and the general form of such pairs in fact offers us a much more efficient approach of treating real dispersive media in FDTD than the usual ones that are based on Debye poles and Lorentz pole pairs. We first derive a unified formulation of the auxiliary differential equation method for arbitrary dispersive media by using these pairs. We then use this formulation to perform several numerical experiments, including the permittivity of noble metal Ag and the electroabsorption coefficient of semiconductor quantum wells. The result of these experiments clearly demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of using these pairs in treating dispersive media in FDTD.
Identification and covalent modification of a renal brush-border anion exchanger

Brush-border membrane (BBM) proteins that bind the arginine-specific reagent phenylglyoxal (PG) and interact with stilbene disulfonic derivatives were identified in canine kidney cortex. Pretreatment of BBM vesicles with PG resulted in irreversible inhibition of anion exchange as assayed by 36Cl− influx mediated via Cl− /Cl− exchange. Cl− /Cl− exchange was reversibly inhibited by the disulfonic stilbene 4,4′-dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate (DNDS). A stilbene-affinity matrix was prepared by immobilizing DNDS in polyacrylamide beads. Elution of the BBM proteins from a disulfonic stilbene (DNDS) affinity matrix revealed two proteins at 160 and 230 kDa that were significantly enriched compared to initial material. Radiolabeling of the eluted mixture with [14C]phenylglyoxal demonstrated covalent binding to several proteins, including the 160 kDa protein. Reconstitution of the proteins eluted from the affinity matrix into phosphatydilcholine demostrated DIDS-sensitive 36Cl−-influx mediated via Cl−/Cl− exchange. Pretreatment of the BBM vesicles with PG selectively blocked binding of the 160 kDa protein to the DNDS affinity matrix. Radiolabelling of the PG-pretreated, affinity-purified membrane proteins showed selective prevention of [14C]phenylglyoxal binding to the 160 kDa protein. Reconstitution of the PG-pretreated proteins eluted from the affinity matrix demonstrated significant reduction in Cl−/Cl− exchange activity. These results suggest that a 160 kDa protein is a strong candidate for anion exchange transport in kidney proximal tubules.
Dynamic properties of a high-Tc superconductor : direct evidence for non-BCS behavior

Measurements of the temperature dependence of the infrared conductivity of the CuO{sub 2} planes in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} in the superconducting state are reported. Remarkably, we find that the temperature dependence of {sigma}{sub 1}({omega},{ital T}) is independent of {omega} for {omega}{approx lt}500 cm{sup {minus}1}, and that it is the same as that of the nuclear Korringa product, 1/{ital T}{sub 1}{ital T}. These observations indicate that for the best-characterized high-temperature superconductor, YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7}, the phenomenology of dynamic properties is fundamentally different from that of conventional superconductors.
Effect of oxidative sulfitolysis of disulfide bonds of bovine serum albumin on its structural properties: A physicochemical study

The effect of S-S bond cleavage of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on some of its structural properties, including solubility, viscosity, and conformation, were investigated. Cleavage of S-S bonds decreased the solubility of serum albumin and also shifted its isoelectric point to lowerpH values. S-S bond cleavage resulted in changes in shape and hydrodynamic volume of the protein, increasing the specific viscosity, with cleavage of up to 14 S-S bonds, followed by a decrease with further cleavage. Both UV difference and fluorescence spectral measurements indicated that conformational flexibility increases with S-S bond cleavage. Secondary structure estimations by far UV-CD suggested a gradual decrease in α-helical content of the protein with progressive cleavage of its S-S bonds. However, fully S-S bond cleaved protein maintained some α-helical structure. Sulfitolysis of the protein also decreased its I, 8-anilino-naphthalene sulfonate-binding ability.
Berkson’s theorem

We give a new proof of the theorem that Amitsur’s complex for purely inseparable field extensions has vanishing homology in dimensions higher than 2. This is accomplished by computing the kernel and cokernel of the logarithmic derivativet →Dt/t mapping the multiplicative Amitsur complex to the acyclic additive one (D is a derivation of the extension field).
Searches for Technicolor Particles at DØ

We present preliminary results of searches for technirho (ρT) and techniomega (ωT) particles, using the decay channels (ρT), ωT → e+e- and , where , . These searches are based respectively on 200 pb-1 and 238 pb-1 of data collected in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. We select events with b–quark jets by identifying secondary vertices in the jets. We interpret our findings in terms of limits on the production of particles predicted by extended technicolor models. For the WπT analysis, in the absence of an excess over standard model background, we compute a 95% C.L. upper limit on the techniparticle production cross section for the mass combination m(ρT) = 200 GeV and m(πT) = 105 GeV of 6.4 pb. In the e+e- channel, for certain model parameters, we exclude the existence of degenerate ρT and ωT states with masses below 367 GeV; the most restrictive constraints on dilepton technicolor decays to date.
Photoluminescent Polymer/Quantum Dot Composite Nanoparticles

Core−shell CdS/SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared and modified with the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator 3-(2-bromopropionyloxy)propyl dimethylethoxysilane (BIDS). The initiator-modified nanoparticles were then used as macroinitiators for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) catalyzed by NiBr2(PPh3)2. These hybrid polymer/inorganic nanoparticles could be cast into films that retained the photoluminescence of the precursor CdS nanoparticles and showed even dispersal of the CdS/SiO2 cores throughout the PMMA matrix. These hybrid nanoparticles are versatile structures: their films can be processed from solution and show uniform dispersion of the inorganic phase throughout the host organic matrix on the microscopic level. These nanoparticles also have components whose structures and compositions can be altered to introduce new properties to the material (i.e., the luminescence of the inorganic core or the conductivity of the polymer arms) and to allow for self-assembly of the ma...
Testicular infiltrate in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia The need for biopsy in suspected relapse

Abstract The testicle is a prime initial target for infiltration during relapse in male children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Herein we report our experience with management of this entity in 8 children. It is stressed that a biopsy is essential to the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is usually straightforward. One is admonished not to make presumptive diagnosis by palpation. Orchiectomy is unwarranted. The treatment of choice is testicular radiation with 2,000 rads in ten fractions in a twelve-day course plus reinstitution of high-dose adjunctive chemotherapy in those children off chemotherapy, or reinduction therapy for children who relapse while still on chemotherapy. Prognosis of male children who undergo a bout of testicular infiltration is guarded.
A maximum principle for mean-curvature type elliptic inequalities

Consider the divergence structure elliptic inequality $$ {\rm div}\{\boldsymbol A(x,u,Du)\} + B(x,u,Du) \ge 0 \leqno (1) $$ in a bounded domain $\Omega\subset \RR^n$. Here $$ \boldsymbol A(x,z,\boldsymbol \xi): \,K \to \RR^n; \qquad B(x,z,\boldsymbol \xi): \,K \to \RR, \qquad K = \Omega \times \RR^+ \times \RR^n, $$ and $\boldsymbol A$, $B$ satisfy the following conditions $$ \begin{aligned} \langle\boldsymbol A(\boldsymbol \xi) , \boldsymbol \xi \rangle \ge |\xi| - & c(x)z - a(x), \qquad |\boldsymbol A(x,z,\boldsymbol \xi)| \le \mbox{Const.},\\ & B(x,z,\boldsymbol \xi) \le b(x),\end{aligned} $$ for all $(x,z,\boldsymbol \xi)) \in K$, where $a(x)$, $b(x),\ c(x)$ are given non-negative functions. Our interest is in the validity of the maximum principle for solutions of (1), that is, the statement that {\it any solution which satisfies $u\le 0$ on $\partial\Omega$ must be a priori bounded above in $\Omega$.} This question arises, in particular, when one is interested in the mean curvature equation $$ {\rm div}\frac{Du}{\sqrt{1+|Du|^2}} = nH(x). $$
Acute illness-induced behavioral alterations are similar to those observed during withdrawal from acute alcohol exposure

Exposure to an immunogen results in a constellation of behavioral changes collectively referred to as “sickness behaviors,” with alterations in cytokine expression previously shown to contribute to this sickness response. Since behaviors observed during ethanol withdrawal are strikingly similar to sickness behaviors, we hypothesized that behavioral manifestations of ethanol withdrawal might be an expression of sickness behaviors induced by ethanol-related changes in peripheral and/or central cytokine expression. Accordingly, behaviors exhibited during a modified social investigation test were first characterized in male rats following an acute injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 μg/kg). Subsequently, behavioral changes after either a high (4-g/kg; Experiment 2) or low dose (0.5 g/kg; Experiment 3) of ethanol were also examined in the same social investigation test, as well as in the forced-swim test (FST; Experiment 4). Results from these experiments demonstrated similar reductions in both exploration and social investigatory behavior during acute illness and ethanol withdrawal, while a seemingly paradoxical decrease in immobility was observed in the FST during acute ethanol withdrawal. In follow-up studies, neither indomethacin (Experiment 5) nor interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Experiment 6) pre-exposure reversed the ethanol withdrawal-induced behavioral changes observed in this social investigation test. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the behavioral sequelae of acute illness and ethanol withdrawal are similar in nature, while antagonist studies suggest that these behavioral alterations are not reversed by blockade of IL-1 receptors or inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Though a direct mechanistic link between cytokines and the expression of acute ethanol withdrawal-related behaviors has yet to be found, future studies examining the involvement of brain cytokines as potential mediators of ethanol effects are greatly needed.
TGF-β in Renal Development and Renal Growth

Organogenesis of the metanephric kidney is regulated by a number of polypeptide growth factors. Members of the TGF-β family of growth factors have been shown to be produced in kidney during its develo
Comparative growth of spring-planted canola, brown mustard and camelina

Abstract With increased emphasis for diesel substitution, production of brown mustard (Brassica juncea), canola (Brassica napus) and camelina (Camelina sativa) used as biodiesels may increase in the High Plains. Since these are new crops to this region, understanding their growth is critical for their acceptance. The objective was to elucidate the growth pattern of these crops when spring-planted in western Nebraska. Field trials were conducted in 2005, 2006 and 2007 with early May planting. Plots were seeded 2 cm deep at 200 plants m−2. Four plants were destructively sampled at about 28, 40, 53, 61, and 82 days after planting (DAP). Canopy growth was field measured. Canopy heights peaked by 61 DAP at 95, 85 and 70 cm for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. Stem length increased to 82 DAP at the rates of 1.24, 1.22 and 0.85 cm/d for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. Root weight accumulated linearly from 28 to 61 DAP. The Brassica grew roots faster and achieved higher weights than camelina. From 28 to 40 DAP, vine fresh weight accumulated rapidly for these crops, leveled and then gradually declined as leaves desiccated. Vine dry weight increased to 61 DAP and then plateaued. The maximum vine dry weights, reached at 61 DAP, were 4.3, 4.5 and 3.0 g/plant for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. By 61 DAP, pods were present and accumulated dry matter while leaves senesced. Pod fresh weight reached its peak at 61 DAP while its dry weight increased linearly to 82 DAP at rates of 0.36, 0.24 and 0.096 g/d for brown mustard, canola and camelina, respectively. Harvest in 2006 showed no significant (p
Mapping of polished coal surfaces by automated reflectance microscopy

Modification effectuee a l'Universite de Pennsylvanie, du systeme Rapid Scan de mesure microscopique automatisee du coefficient de reflexion pour l'etablissement de cartes des variations petrographiques sur des surfaces polies de charbon
Correlates of success in the baccalaureate education of registered nurses

The major purpose of this investigation was to identify correlates of success in a baccalaureate completion program to aid in the selection of registered nurses. The sample included 170 graduates from one baccalaureate program. Their ages ranged from 20 to 51; 79% graduated from a diploma program and 21% from a community college associate degree (AD) program. The predictors of achievement were () age, () diploma versus associate degree background, (c) work experience, (d) six validation examination scores, and (e) two entry grade point averages (GPAs) based on liberal arts and nursing subjects. respectively. The criteria of success were two exit GPAs from the baccalaureate program, based on liberal arts and nursing subjects. Comparison of mean scores and multiple regression analyses were used to relate predictors and criteria. The major conclusions are that () entry liberal arts GPA is the best predictor of achievement in this baccalaureate program, irrespective of how long ago it was obtained; () diploma school graduates perform better than junior college graduates in the classroom as well as in clinical practice; and (c) age is NOT a factor in performance in a baccalaureate completion program.
Identifying a Multivariate Screening Model to Predict Reading Difficulties at the Onset of Kindergarten: A Longitudinal Analysis.

The purpose of this followup study was to determine the long-term predictive validity of theoretically coherent reading measures administered during fall and winter of kindergarten. Seventy-nine children were screened using measures representing letter identification, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and rapid automatized naming. Reading achievement was measured at the end of grades 1 through 4 on passage comprehension, oral reading fluency, sight-word recognition, and phonemic decoding. A multivariate screening model incorporating letter identification, phonological awareness, and rapid automatized naming emerged as the most parsimonious model for predicting long-term reading achievement. This screening model yielded the highest correlations with oral reading fluency as the outcome measure. There was no practical significance between the fall and winter screening over the four-year period using this model. Results are interpreted as confirming the importance of a multivariate screening approa...
Outcomes of feeding problems in advanced dementia in a nursing home population.

Objectives: To describe quality of care for feeding problems in advanced dementia and probability and predictors of weight loss and mortality. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Twenty-four nursing homes (NHs). Participants: Nursing home residents with advanced dementia and feeding problems and family surrogates (N = 256). Measurements: Family reported on quality of feeding care at enrollment and 3 months. Chart reviews at enrollment and 3, 6, and 9 months provided data on feeding problems, treatments, weight loss of more than 5% in 30 days or more than 10% in 6 months, and mortality. Organizational variables were obtained from administrator surveys and publically reported data. Results: Residents with advanced dementia and feeding problems had an average age of 85; 80% had chewing and swallowing problems, 11% weight loss, and 48% poor intake. Family reported feeding assistance of moderate quality; 23% felt the resident received less assistance than needed. Mortality risk was significant; 8% died within 3 months, 17% within 6 months, and 27% within 9 months. Residents with advanced dementia who had stable weight over 3 months had a 5.4% rate of significant weight loss and a 2.1% risk of death over the next 3 months. Residents with advanced dementia and weight loss over 3 months had a 38.9% chance of stabilizing weight over the next 3 months but also had a 19.2% chance of dying. Weight loss was the only independent predictor of death. Conclusion: Weight loss is a predictor of death in advanced dementia. Treatments can often stabilize weight, but weight loss should be used to trigger discussion of goals of care and treatment options.
Epoxy/Nickel Conductive Adhesive Rheology During Processing and Cure

Epoxy/Ni adhesives can be used as integrated circuit (IC) packaging materials due to their lower cost than epoxy/Ag adhesives with acceptable electrical conductivity. In this work, the effects of preshear history, resin viscosity, temperature, particle size, solid loading, as well as different yield stress determination methods were investigated for moderately filled epoxy/Ni suspensions (10∼60 wt% of Ni). The preshear effect manifests itself from successive shear rate sweeps with the same sample, and one shear rate sweep was employed as the preshear conditioning to obtain reproducible results. Shear thinning generally occurs for epoxy/Ni suspensions. The fractal dimension (Df ) can be employed to describe these flocculated structures, and a higher Df value was observed for Epon815C/Ni system as compared to Epon830/Ni system. The Arrhenius equation describes the temperature dependence of suspension viscosity well.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Abstract 2403: DNAJB6 suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL DNAJB6 is an HSP40 family protein which plays an important role in regulating tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer and melanoma. Expression of DNAJB6 is found to be reduced in advanced stages of the disease. Restoration of its expression significantly decreases tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft studies. DNAJB6 expressing cells also show altered morphology, gain in epithelial markers and loss of mesenchymal markers and increased expression of DKK1, a secreted Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our current studies elaborate the intricate mechanistic details about contributions of DNAJB6 to the negative regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We describe the important role of the “J” domain of DNAJB6 in inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin. Deletion of “J” domain renders DNAJB6 incapable of impeding tumor growth and metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, mammalian-two-hybrid and FPLC studies show that DNAJB6 can form a multimeric complex with HSPA8 (HSC70), GSK3β and PP2A. DNAJB6 binds HSC70 and dephosphorylates GSK3β by recruiting PP2A. Activated GSK3β in-turn degrades β-catenin protein. Deletion of the J domain does not allow the formation of this multiprotein complex, which inactivates GSK3β and restores β-catenin levels. We further noted that the morphology of the cells grown in three dimensional matrix show distinct difference in WT-DNAJB6 and J-domain deleted expressors. In vivo and in vitro studies done with J domain deleted expressors showed increased malignancy. We also demonstrate the importance of J domain of DNAJB6 in suppressing osteopontin as one of the critical factors contributing to its reduced malignant activity in suppressing invasion and growth of xenografts. In summary, our studies unravel a novel mechanistic role of DNAJB6 in regulating GSK3β, a critical kinase which restricts tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2403. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2403
Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on GFR and renal hemodynamics in adenosine-1 receptor-deficient mice

The reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) caused by inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CA) is thought to be initiated by activation of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. We determined the effect of the CA inhibitor benzolamide (Bz) on renal hemodynamics in adenosine-1 receptor (A1AR) knockout mice that have been shown previously to lack a TGF response. In A1AR+/+ mice, Bz (150 µg plus 2 µg/min) reduced RBF by 19.8% (from 829±42 to 666±44 µl/min; n=7), and GFR by 19.8% (from 396±43 to 324±46 µl/min; n=9, P=0.001). In A1AR−/− mice, RBF fell by 15.9 % (from 809±24 to 680±40 µl/min; n=7), and GFR by 21.1% (from 358±27 to 287±32 µl/min; n=10, P=0.0003; NS compared with A1AR+/+). The absence of TGF responses both before and during Bz infusion in A1AR−/− mice was confirmed by micropuncture. Following angiotensin II-receptor blockade with candesartan, Bz did not alter RBF (1.4±0.2 vs. 1.4±0.15 ml/min in A1AR+/+, and 1.4±0.22 vs. 1.39±0.2 ml/min in A1AR−/−; n=5/genotype) while GFR changed by −8.9 % in A1AR+/+ mice (n=7), and by −1% in A1AR−/− mice (n=9; NS compared with A1AR+/+). Bz caused a significant rise of plasma renin concentration in both A1AR+/+ and A1AR−/− mice. Our data show that the absence of a functional TGF mechanism does not prevent the reduction in GFR or RBF caused by CA inhibition. Acute angiotensin II receptor blockade, on the other hand, diminishes the effect of CA inhibition on GFR and RBF. The causes for the GFR reduction appear to be complex and include an effect of the renin-angiotensin system.
Towards a Cultural Economy: Lessons from the American South-West

The United States has an enviable diversity of public lands that are held in trust for all Americans. However, there is a war raging in the US between exploitative and protectionist ideals. The war’s main victim is America’s public lands. Some believe that public lands — open landscapes preserved for their scenic beauty, ecological assets (especially clean air and water), and cultural and natural resources — are best used for mining these resources, specifically their energy (oil, gas, and coal) reserves. It is the responsibility of archaeologists to contribute their perspective on this national and international public policy debate and help to build a cultural economy perspective. In addition to highlighting heritage tourism economies built on travel, meals, souvenir, and lodging expenditures, archaeologists must help convey the value of preserving historic sites.
Thermodynamics and kinetics simulations of multi-time-scale processes for complex systems

We discuss in this review paper the recent development of enhanced sampling methods for searching in energy and configuration space, as well as that for the reactive transition paths. These methods allow accelerated calculations of thermodynamics and kinetics. We summarize in this review the theoretical background and numerical implementation of a variety of methods. Examples of applications are given for each method.
Wild cantor sets as approximations to codimension two manifolds

Abstract The main result establishes a technique for constructing wildly embedded Cantor sets in Euclidean n -space ( n >2). For any ( n −2)-manifold M embedded there with a closed neighborhood W homeomorphic to the product of M and a 2-cell, it gives a Cantor set C in W such that the only loops from the complement of W that are contractible in the complement of C are those that are contractible in the complement of M .
On the role of lubricant rheology and piezo-viscous properties in line and point contact EHL

Abstract Accurate prediction of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) characteristics, i.e., film thickness and traction coefficient, requires the knowledge of lubricant rheology. The EHL analyses based on Newtonian fluid model may be useful primarily for film thickness prediction of mineral oils. However, for applications involving mineral oil/polymer blends and synthetic oils that exhibit shear-thinning behavior, the use of an appropriate non-Newtonian fluid model is required to predict the EHL behavior correctly. It is, thus, no surprise that characterization of non-Newtonian fluid behavior in EHL studies has been the focus of attention over last four decades. In this regard, several types of non-Newtonian EHL models have been presented and solved using different methods. Unfortunately, many of these studies suffer from various drawbacks such as use of inappropriate non-Newtonian model, approximations in the numerical solution and lack of sufficient experimental data pertaining to lubricant rheology as well as piezo-viscous properties. Over the years, some of these shortcomings have been transferred erroneously from one generation of researchers to the next. For example, notwithstanding the fact that the sinh-law lubricant model (commonly referred to as the “Ree–Eyring” model) was actually rejected for use as a shear-thinning model by Henry Eyring himself, it is still being widely used to describe the shear-thinning behavior of EHL lubricants. The present paper discusses the recent developments clearly indicating the incapability of sinh-law for the EHL applications. This paper also reviews the perturbation method often used to reduce the actual constitutive equation to a simplified form in order to derive a Reynolds-type equation to which normal EHL solvers can be applied. This approach is still in use even though appropriate procedures for implementing the generalized Newtonian approach are available that can conveniently and accurately allow the use of the exact constitutive equation in its original form. In the light of above facts, this paper presents a collective perspective in an effort to emphasize the importance of implementing realistic non-Newtonian and piezo-viscous models with accurate treatment methods in EHL applications.
Three-phase syntactic foams: structure-property relationships

This study addresses a unique problem that occurs in composite materials containing hollow reinforcements, that is the density-filler content relationship. Unlike a traditional solid reinforcement, a hollow reinforcement can be manufactured with a variety of densities. Subsequently, when fabricating composite materials with a particular density requirement, a large variation in volume percent of that reinforcing phase can occur. Hollow reinforcements under consideration are carbon microballoons (CMBs) of various densities determined by both tap density and pycnometry. Our approach is to study several different densities and volume percents of microballoons while maintaining a constant volume percent (8.5%) of the polymer binder phase. The resulting syntactic foams are three-phase materials consisting of binder, microballoon (MB), and interstitial void phases. The volume of the MB and binder phase is measured by helium pycnometry. The complementary volume of the interstitial void phase will depend on the volume of microballoons in the billet. Mechanical characterization is done by compression and flexure testing and results are discussed to highlight structure-property relationships. Results show that, in addition to bulk density of the foam, the packing arrangement of the CMBs is an important factor in the mechanical behavior of the foam and is shown to be an important design criterion.
Hemodynamic factors limiting the response to transdermal nitroglycerin in severe chronic congestive heart failure

Abstract To clarify the continuing controversy concerning the use of transdermal nitroglycerin (MN), the short-term hemodynamic responses to sublingual, oral and transcutaneous nitrates were evaluated and compared in 22 patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. Sixteen patients showed favorable hemodynamic effects with TDN, but the doses needed to achieve this response varied greatly: 10 mg/24 hours in 6 patients, 20 mg/24 hours in 5 patients, 40 mg/24 hours in 3 patients and 60 mg/24 hours in 2 patients. Of the 6 remaining patients, 3 did not respond to high-dose TDN even though they showed marked effects after sublingual and oral nitrate administration; 3 others did not respond to any nitrate formulation by any route. TDN produced immediate increases in cardiac index and decreases in right and left ventricular filling pressure, mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance (p In conclusion, the use of TDN in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure is limited by the large doses of the drug that are needed in some patients, by the rapid attenuation of its beneficial effects during prolonged therapy, by the potential for cross tolerance to other nitrates, and by the occurrence of rebound phenomena after drug withdrawal.
Additional considerations with regard to multiple regression and equal weighting

Abstract The present paper reevaluates the relative merits of multiple regression models and the equal weighting procedure. It is argued that coefficients in multiple regression models could be replaced with equal weights only under restricted circumstances. Previous authors ( Dawes, R. M., & Corrigan, B. Psychological Bulletin , 1974 , 81 , 95–106; Einhorn, H. J., & Hogarth, R. M. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 1975 , 13 , 171–192; Wainer, H. Psychological Bulletin , 1976 , 83 , 213–217) who recommended the use of equal weights have made some restrictive assumptions. In particular, they overlooked a large family of conditions, namely, those of a suppressor variable as broadly defined by A. J. Conger ( Educational and Psychological Measurement , 1974 , 34 , 35–46), under which it is shown that the multiple regression model is by far superior to the equal weights procedure. In addition, equal weighting has been always ompared to the multiple regression model under the assumption that the coefficients for the latter are derived via least squares estimates. It is argued that other estimation procedures (like Ridge regression) might yield a better performance of the multiple regression model. Rather than abandoning the multiple regression model in favor of the heuristic equal weights procedure, the effort should be directed toward better estimation procedures of the regression coefficients and development of criteria to measure the “goodness” or “desirability” of such procedures.
Microstructure Refinement of Sintered Alumina by a Two-Step Sintering Technique

For a few oxide ceramics, the use of an initial precoarsening step prior to densification (referred to as two-step sintering) has been observed to produce an improvement in the microstructural homogeneity during subsequent sintering. In the present work, the effect of a precoarsening step (50 h at 800 C) on the subsequent densification and microstructural evolution of high-quality alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) powder compacts during constant-heating-rate sintering (4 C/min to 1,450 C) was characterized in detail. The data were compared with those for similar compacts that were sintered conventionally (without the heat treatment step) and used to explore the mechanism of microstructural improvement during two-step sintering. After the precoarsening step, the average pore size was larger, but the distribution in pore sizes was narrower, than those for similar compacts that were sintered conventionally to 800 C. In subsequent sintering, the microstructure of the precoarsened compact evolved in a more homogeneous manner and, at the same density, the amount of closed porosity was lower for the compacts that were sintered by the two-step technique, in comparison to the conventional heating schedule. Furthermore, a measurably higher final density, a smaller average grain size, and a narrower distribution in grain sizes were achievedmore » with the two-step technique. The microstructural refinement that was produced by the two-step sintering technique is explained in terms of a reduction in the effects of differential densification and the resulting delay of the pore channel pinch-off to higher density.« less
An availability study of electronic articles in an academic health sciences library

Objectives: The purposes of this study were: to determine the number of articles requested by library users that could be retrieved from the library's collection using the library catalog and link resolver, in other words, the availability rate; and to identify the nature and frequency of problems encountered in this process, so that the problems could be addressed and access to full-text articles could be improved.
Alcohol and drug use in stressful times: The influence of the masculine role and sex-related personality attributes

In times of stress, men and women sometimes turn to the use of alcohol and drugs as an avenue for relieving their discomfort and distress. One explanation of this finding implicates traditional male tendencies as predisposing factors. The purpose of the present investigation was to study how the relationship between stress and substance use is moderated (1) by the masculine role, as measured by the Masculine Role Inventory; and (2) by socially desirable and undesirable masculine-instrumental and feminine-expressive personality attributes, as measured by the Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The results indicated that during stressful episodes men characterized by socially undesirable instrumental personality attributes reported using tranquilizers and sedatives. By contrast, it was found that during stressful times, women characterized by success preoccupation reported less use of mind-altering drugs and more use of tranquilizers-sedatives. In addition, it was found that socially desirable expressive attributes served to buffer the impact of stressful experiences on women's use of alcohol.
A tapered bondline thickness double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen geometry for combinatorial fracture studies of adhesive bonds

Abstract The characterization of fracture energy (GIc) of an adhesive joint as a function of bondline thickness requires multiple specimens covering a range of bondline thicknesses. In this work, DCB specimens with linearly increasing or decreasing bondline thickness were studied for their feasibility to determine fracture energy as a function of bondline thickness. In a combinatorial characterization sense, this approach explores the possibility to characterize the effect of bondline thickness on fracture energy through fewer tests than those required for a “one at a time” characterization approach, thus offering a significant reduction in characterization times. Fracture energies were characterized under mode I loading conditions using corrected beam theory. The results obtained from linearly increasing or decreasing bondline thickness specimens showed good agreement with those obtained from specimens with a range of constant bondline thicknesses.
Diving-related injuries in children <20 years old treated in emergency departments in the United States: 1990-2006.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to comprehensively examine diving-related injuries in the United States among children and adolescents <20 years of age. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of diving-related injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, including patients aged <20 years old who were seen in an emergency department for a diving-related injury from 1990 through 2006. RESULTS: An estimated 111341 patients aged <or=19 years were treated in emergency departments for diving-related injuries over the 17-year period of the study. The average annual injury rate was 8.4 injuries per 100000 US residents <20 years old. Patients aged 10 to 14 years composed the largest group (36.3%) of injured divers. Injuries to the head and/or neck (38.2%) and face (21.7%) were the most common, with the most frequent diagnoses being lacerations (33.9%) and soft tissue injuries (24.3%). Collision with a diving board and/or platform was the leading cause of injuries (43.9%). Children <10 years old had increased odds of sustaining a laceration, children <5 years old had increased odds of injury to the face, and 10- to 19-year-olds had increased odds of sustaining a fracture or an injury to the extremities. The odds of injury caused by contact with the diving board dramatically increased if the child was performing a flip and/or handstand or a backward dive. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine recreational and competitive diving-related injuries among children and adolescents using a nationally representative sample. These results can help inform pediatricians, parents, coaches, and trainers regarding injuries seen during recreational and competitive diving and can help guide future prevention efforts. Language: en
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior in Spinodal Fe35Ni15Mn25Al25 Alloy

Previous studies using transmission electron microscope (TEM) found that these spinodal alloys’ microstructure consisted of alternating coherent body center cubic (b.c.c.) and B2 (ordered b.c.c.) phases aligned along directions.[1] The microstructures of three different states (as processed, 30min annealed, 2hrs annealed) of directionally solidified (DS) Fe35Ni15Mn25Al25 were characterized by using the high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) viewed along . The annealing temperature is 873 K. As showed in Figure 1, Mn-rich precipitates began to form and grow larger as annealing time went on. The SEM image in Figure 2 showed the spinodal structure clearly as well.