cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Aquifer pressure buildup

The city of St. Petersburg has been testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future non-potable reuse. The injection zone originally contained native saline ground water that was similar in composition to sea water. The zone has a transmissivity of about 1.2 X 106 feet squared per day (ft2/d) and is within the lower part of the Floridan aquifer. Treated sewage that had a mean chloride concentration of 170 milligrams per liter (mg/1) was injected through a single well for 12 months at a mean rate of 4.7 X 105 cubic feet per day (ft3/d). The volume of water injected during the year was 1.7 X 108 cubic feet. Pressure buildup at the end of one year ranged from less than 0.1 to as much as 2.4 pounds per square inch (lb/in2) in observation wells at the site. Pressure buildup in wells open to the upper part of the injection zone was related to buoyant lift acting on the mixed water in the injection zone in addition to subsurface injection through the injection well. Calculations of the vertical component of pore velocity in the semiconfining bed underlying the shallowest permeable zone of the Floridan aquifer indicate upward movement of native water. This is consistent with the 200- to 600-mg/l increase in chloride concentration observed in water from the shallowest permeable zone during the test.
Inertial manifolds and completeness of eigenmodes for unsteady magnetic dynamos

We prove the emergence of asymptotic spatial patterns in magnetic dynamos generated by unsteady fluid flows. The patterns emerge because solutions of the dynamo equation converge exponentially to a time-dependent inertial manifold. This inertial manifold exists for general time-aperiodic velocity fields under a spectral gap condition on the associated Stokes operator. For time-periodic velocity fields, we show that the inertial manifold is spanned by Floquet eigenmodes that are analogous to the strange eigenmodes observed in the mixing of diffusive tracers. This result gives an affirmative answer to the long-standing question of completeness of Floquet solutions in time-periodic dynamo problems.
Cortina: a system for large-scale, content-based web image retrieval

Recent advances in processing and networking capabilities of computers have led to an accumulation of immense amounts of multimedia data such as images. One of the largest repositories for such data is the World Wide Web (WWW). We present Cortina, a large-scale image retrieval system for the WWW. It handles over 3 million images to date. The system retrieves images based on visual features and collateral text. We show that a search process which consists of an initial query-by-keyword or query-by-image and followed by relevance feedback on the visual appearance of the results is possible for large-scale data sets. We also show that it is superior to the pure text retrieval commonly used in large-scale systems. Semantic relationships in the data are explored and exploited by data mining, and multiple feature spaces are included in the search process.
Cryo-ablation for septal tachycardia substrates in pediatric patients: Mid-term results

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of catheter-based cryo-therapy for septal tachycardia substrates in pediatric patients. Background Cryo-therapy may be particularly useful for ablation of septal tachycardias, including atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating high in the conduction system. Methods Thirty-one pediatric patients (median = 13.7 years, range 5.3 to 19.6 years) with septal tachycardia substrates underwent cryo-ablation (CA). Twenty-two had AVNRT, 8 AVRT, and 1 VT. Applications were considered cryo-maps (CMs) if the temperature set-point was −35°C or the application time was Results A total of 242 CMs (4 per patient, range 0 to 40 CMs) and 89 CAs (2 per patient, range 1 to 8 CMs) were performed, for a total cryo-therapy time of 689 s/patient (range 158 to 3,300 s). Procedural success with cryo-therapy was achieved in 27 of 31 patients (87.1%), including two procedures with a His potential at the CA location and three performed in tachycardia. The success rate for AVNRT was higher than for AVRT (95.5% vs. 62.5%, p Conclusions Cryo-therapy was used to effectively and safely ablate septal tachycardias in this group of 31 pediatric patients. Cryo-therapy may be more effective for AVNRT than septal AVRT.
Vehicle Reidentification as Method for Deriving Travel Time and Travel Time Distributions: Investigation

Vehicle reidentification was investigated as a method for deriving travel time and travel time distributions with loop and video detectors. Vehicle reidentification is the process of tracking vehicles anonymously from site to site to produce individual vehicle travel times and overall travel time distribution. Travel time and travel time distribution are measures of the performance and reliability of the transportation system and are useful in many transportation applications such as planning, operations, and control. Findings from the investigation included (a) results from a platoon reidentification algorithm that improved upon a previous indvidual vehicle reidentification algorithm, (b) sensitivity analysis on the effect of time windows in deriving travel times, and (c) derivation and goodness of fit of travel time distributions using vehicle reidentification. Arterial data from Southern California were used in testing the algorithm's performance. Test results showed that the algorithm can reidentify v...
Metabolism of (R)-(+)-Pulegone and (R)-(+)-Menthofuran by Human Liver Cytochrome P-450s: Evidence for Formation of a Furan Epoxide

(R)-(+)-Pulegone, a monoterpene constituent of pennyroyal oil, is a hepatotoxin that has been used in folklore medicine as an abortifacient despite its potential lethal effects. Pulegone is metabolized by human liver cytochrome P-450s to menthofuran, a proximate hepatotoxic metabolite of pulegone. Expressed human liver cytochrome (CYP) P-450s (1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4) were tested for their ability to catalyze the oxidations of pulegone and menthofuran. Expressed CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP2C19 oxidized pulegone to menthofuran, with respective Km and Vmax values of 29 microM and 8.4 nmol/min/nmol P-450 for CYP2E1, 94 microM and 2.4 nmol/min/nmol P-450 for CYP1A2, and 31 microM and 1.5 nmol/min/nmol P-450 for CYP2C19. The human liver P-450s involved in the metabolism of menthofuran are the same as pulegone except for the addition of CYP2A6. These P-450s were found to oxidize menthofuran to a newly identified metabolite, 2-hydroxymenthofuran, which is an intermediate in the formation of the known metabolites mintlactone and isomintlactone. Based on studies with 18O2 and H218O, 2-hydroxymenthofuran arises predominantly from a dihydrodiol formed from a furan epoxide. CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP2C19 oxidized menthofuran with respective Km and Vmax values of 33 microM and 0.43 nmol/min/nmol P-450 for CYP2E1, 57 microM and 0.29 nmol/min/nmol P-450 for CYP1A2, and 62 microM and 0.26 nmol/min/nmol P-450 for CYP2C19.
Valve orientation and functional morphology of the foramen of some siphonotretacean and acrotretacean brachiopods

It has recently been suggested that the foramen of siphonotretacean and acrotretacean brachiopods functioned as an exhalant siphon and that it was a feature of the dorsal valve. In representatives of these superfamilies the pedicle was considered to have emerged from between the valves. Re-examination of the evidence on which these arguments were based suggests that some of it is capable of more than one interpretation. The remainder, together with consideration of the mantle canal patterns, cemented mode of attachment, and comparative morphology of some discinaceans and siphonotretaceans, strongly supports the traditional view that the foramen of these forms was located in the ventral valve and that it served as a pedicle opening.
Multi-class alignment of LC-MS data using probabilistic-based mixture regression models

In this paper, a framework of probabilistic-based mixture regression models (PMRM) is presented for multi-class alignment of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data. The proposed framework performs the alignment in both time and measurement spaces of the LC-MS spectra. The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is used to estimate the joint parameters of spline-based mixture regression models and prior transformation densities. The latter are incorporated to account for variability in time and measurement spaces of the data. As a proof of concept, the proposed method is applied to align a single-class replicate LC-MS spectra generated from proteins of lysed E.coli cells. Its performance is compared with the dynamic time warping (DTW) and continuous profile model (CPM) approaches.
Effect of Mechanical Chest Percussion on Intracranial Pressure: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND Treatment of brain injury is often focused on minimizing intracranial pressure, which, when elevated, can lead to secondary brain injury. Chest percussion is a common practice used to treat and prevent pneumonia. Conflicting and limited anecdotal evidence indicates that physical stimulation increases intracranial pressure and should be avoided in patients at risk of intracranial hypertension. OBJECTIVES To explore the safety of performing chest percussion for patients at high risk for intracranial hypertension. METHODS A total of 28 patients with at least 1 documented episode of intracranial hypertension who were having intracranial pressure monitored were studied in a prospective randomized control trial. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (no chest percussion) or the intervention group (10 minutes of chest percussion at noon). Intracranial pressure was recorded once a minute before, during, and after the intervention. RESULTS Mean intracranial pressures for the control group before, during, and after the study period (14.4, 15.0, and 15.9 mm Hg, respectively) did not differ significantly from pressures in the intervention group (13.6, 13.7, and 14.2 mm Hg, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Mechanical chest percussion may be a safe intervention for nurses to use on neurologically injured patients who are at risk for intracranial hypertension.
Severity of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanuts as Detected By Infrared Aerial Photography

Abstract The severity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as detected on aerial infrared photography was correlated with actual yield losses in the field. Peanut pod losses in the soil increased as disease severity became more pronounced as determined by imagery interpretation. In areas of fields on the imagery interpreted to be slightly, moderately and severely infected with S. sclerotiorum, pod losses due to infection were 2, 5 and 7 times greater, respectively, than normally expected losses in nondiseased areas (ca. 300 kg/ha). Sclerotial populations were 10 times greater in soil from severely infested areas on the field than from slightly and noninfested areas.
Uncertainties in Precipitation and Their Impacts on Runoff Estimates

Water balance calculations are becoming increasingly important for earth-system studies. Precipitation is one of the most critical input variables for such calculations because it is the immediate source of water for the land surface hydrological budget. Numerous precipitation datasets have been developed in the last two decades, but these datasets often show marked differences in their spatial and temporal distribution of this key hydrological variable. This paper compares six monthly precipitation datasets—Climate Research Unit of University of East Anglia (CRU), Willmott‐Matsuura (WM), Global Precipitation Climate Center (GPCC), Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and NCEP‐Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Reanalysis (NCEP-2)—to assess the uncertainties in these datasets and their impact on the terrestrial water balance. The six datasets tested in the present paper were climatologically averaged and compared by calculating various statistics of the differences. The climatologically averaged monthly precipitation estimates were applied as inputs to a water balance model to estimate runoff and the uncertainties in runoff arising directly from the precipitation estimates. The results of this study highlight the need for accurate precipitation inputs for water balance calculations. These results also demonstrate the need to improve precipitation estimates in arid and semiarid regions, where slight changes in precipitation can result in dramatic changes in the runoff response due to the nonlinearity of the runoff-generation processes.
A parallel genome-wide RNAi screening strategy to identify host proteins important for entry of Marburg virus and H5N1 influenza virus

Background Genome-wide RNAi screening has been widely used to identify host proteins involved in replication and infection of different viruses, and numerous host factors are implicated in the replication cycles of these viruses, demonstrating the power of this approach. However, discrepancies on target identification of the same viruses by different groups suggest that high throughput RNAi screening strategies need to be carefully designed, developed and optimized prior to the large scale screening.
Cricetus cricetus (European or black-bellied hamster)

The karyotypes depicted here were made from bone marrow preparations and were kindly donated by Dr. U. Wolf, University of Freiburg, Germany. The sex chromosomes were identified by radioautography. The X chromosome constitutes about 10-11% of the haploid set, the Y chromosome is about 80% of the size of the X. Five male and five female animals were studied.
Undocumented Youth Mobilization and the DREAM Act: The Potential for Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress

For some years, the U.S. Congress has been working on the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act, which would create the possibility for young undocumented immigrants to obtain temporary residence in the United States. This paper looks at how this project fundamentally changes the relationship between American institutions of government on the one hand, and undocumented immigrants on the other. Beyond the change in status of undocumented youth from objects to subjects of the law, and their recent emergence as political actors, the consideration of the DREAM Act leads us to reopen the debate on the concept of collective representation in the U.S. Congress, and how it can be used as a tool in the mobilization and greater representation of the interests of immigrants in the United States.
Enhanced clearance of surfactant protein D during LPS-induced acute inflammation in rat lung

Pulmonary surfactant participates in the regulation of alveolar compliance and lung host defense. Surfactant homeostasis is regulated through a combination of synthesis, secretion, clearance, recycling, and degradation of surfactant components. The extracellular pool size of surfactant protein (SP) D fluctuates significantly during acute inflammation. We hypothesized that changes in SP-D levels are due, in part, to altered clearance of SP-D. Clearance pathways in rats were assessed with fluorescently labeled SP-D that was instilled into control lungs or lungs that had been treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 16 h earlier. SP-D clearance from lavage into lung tissue was time dependent from 5 min to 1 h and 1.7-fold greater in LPS-treated lungs than in control lungs. Analysis of cells isolated by enzymatic digestion of lung tissue revealed differences in the SP-D-positive cell population between groups. LPS-treated lungs had 28.1-fold more SP-D-positive tissue-associated neutrophils and 193.6-fold greater SP-D association with those neutrophils compared with control lungs. These data suggest that clearance of SP-D into lung tissue is increased during inflammation and that tissue-associated neutrophils significantly contribute to this process.
Using Property to Teach Students How to 'Think Like a Lawyer': Whetting their Appetites and Aptitudes

Professor Wendel begins by explaining that the teaching of Property to first-year law students is not the only way they learn to “think like a lawyer”; students develop such an ability throughout the three years of law school. He sees Property as a stepping stone to developing this thought process, however. Professor Wendel illustrates this by describing the process he uses to help his class analyze their first case in his first-year Property class - Pierson v. Post. In using the “benevolent Socratic Method,” which involves prompting students to discuss the case through gentle leading rather than scare tactics, Professor Wendel coaxes the discussion away from a purely fact-based analysis of the case (since the natural tendency of first-year law students is to focus on the facts), and toward a multi-faceted legal analysis, in which they discover that the real issue the Pierson court was addressing is not the fact-based “Who gets the fox?” but instead the rule-based “What constitutes occupancy?”. He makes it clear that this is an issue that needs addressing - not only to solve the dispute at hand, but also to develop new law that sufficiently reflects important public policy concepts. He helps the students arrive at this newly articulated issue by discussing the legal procedures that occurred up to the point that the Pierson court heard the case, pointing out that since Pierson is an appellate ruling, the court was not so much interested in analyzing the facts of the particular conflict as they were in determining what the law regarding occupancy should be. Professor Wendel’s main objective in teaching the first Property class of the year in this way is to help students realize that that they need to go through a particular process when analyzing cases; specifically, that they need to look at the “interaction between the factual, legal, and theoretical/public policy considerations.” He explains how he illustrates these concepts through a collection of multi-dimensional planes. In the end, Professor Wendel believes that teaching the students to analyze cases in such a multi-faceted way is critical, since this type of analysis is “inherent in the process of ‘thinking like a lawyer.’”
Ring-Fencing Cross-Border Banks: How is it Done and How Important is it?

Territorial bias or home bias refers to the degree of geographical separation of the local operations of a cross border banking group from its foreign parent bank or affiliates to protect the local operations from cross-border contagion. The purpose of this paper is to measure and rank territorial bias in prudential banking regulation and supervision in 22 European Union (EU) and non-EU countries with financial systems predominantly owned by foreign banks. First, a scoring system is developed to measure territorial bias on an individual country basis (vertical analysis). Second, the results are compared across two peer groups, EU and non-EU (horizontal analysis). I find that territorial bias is present to a varying degree in the prudential supervision and the regulations of the countries surveyed. On average higher territorial bias is observed in the non-EU group. Generally, there is also less dispersion in the EU, which can be explained by a more unified regulatory framework and the efforts to achieve supervisory convergence. Non-EU countries also use a wider array of instruments; typically higher capital ratios, mandatory conversion from systemic branches to subsidiaries, stricter local governance requirements, and liquidity restrictions. This is the first analysis and quantification of territorial bias in bank supervision and regulation.
Population Models and Enveloping

One dimensional nonlinear difference equations are commonly used to model population growth. Although such models can display wild behavior including chaos, the common models have the interesting property that they are globally stable if they are locally stable. We show that a model with a single positive equilibrium is globally stable if it is enveloped by a self-inverse function. In particular, we show that the standard population models are enveloped by linear fractional functions which are self-inverse. Although enveloping by a linear fractional is sufficient for global stability, we show by example that such enveloping is not necessary. We extend our results by showing that enveloping implies global stabilty even when f(x) is a discontinuous multifunction, which may be a more reasonable description of real biological data. We also show that our techniques can be applied to situations which are not population models. Finally, we mention some extensions and open questions.
The Groucho Marx Dilemma in Media Branding: Audience as Part and Signal of Media Brands

This chapter deals with the idea that a target group evaluates the media on the basis of their respective users. It is important for the recipients to know about their fellows. They want to identify with them; they do not want a possibly negative user image to reflect on themselves. Thus, users become an integral part of a media brand. This assumption is based on three theoretical approaches: social distinction, impression management and social identity. A literature overview shows that media use represents a means of social distinction and that other persons are judged on the basis of their media use. These results in the following implications for media branding: Media companies should try to control their audience’s image of their media brands. A marketing strategy that is very blatantly focused on a large range may be risky because it endangers the exclusivity of the media brand and its potential for distinction.
PD01-08: Heterogeneity of Lapatinib Responses in HCC1954 HER2−Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells Revealed by Single-Cell Automated Microscopy.

In breast cancer, 20–30% of patients present with HER2 overexpression, making them potential candidates for targeted HER2 therapies such as lapatinib. Lapatinib is a dual, intracellular tyrosine kinase inhibitor of HER2 & EGFR and is standard care for metastatic breast cancer. Drug resistance to this type of therapy is a major cause of death in cancer patients. Intra-tumor heterogeneity with respect to drug response can be a driving force for relapse and/or drug resistance. In current drug response end-point assays (IC50), information on heterogeneity is lost because cell differences are averaged out over the whole population. To produce a more realistic appreciation of drug response variability within a tumor, our lab has developed an extension of high content automated microscopy, called Extended Time Resolved Automated Microscopy (ETRAM). ETRAM entails the visual tracking of single cells with fine temporal & spatial resolution, allowing for the calculation of proliferation, death, and quiescence rates from image stacks and movies. HER2+ breast cancer HCC1954 cells were fluorescently labeled w/a nuclear tag (H2BmRFP) and treated w/lapatinib in a dose-dependent manner, from 2000 nM to 0 nM (DMSO control). Using the ETRAM method we followed nearly 1000 single cells/treatment condition over 72 hours, acquiring images every 10–12 minutes. Unexpectedly, we discovered that small but significant subpopulations of HCC1954 cells are unaffected by high lapatinib concentrations (2000 nM) and continue to divide. Furthermore, a substantial subpopulation responds to high lapatinib by entering quiescence, not apoptosis. Since HCC1954 cells have a previously reported lapatinib IC50 of 300 nM, our data demonstrate a need to further investigate these subpopulations of cells in order to determine their contribution to the IC50. Image stacks are being further analyzed to extract cellular metrics of division, quiescence and death rates in the presence of lapatinib. We are also investigating single cells by immunofluorescence of signaling molecules in the HER2 pathway, along with downstream targets such as PI3K, mTOR/AKT, SHC, and RAF1, to assess molecular differences regarding dividing and quiescent subpopulations in lapatinib, versus lapatinib-sensitive cells that apoptose. Our ETRAM-based single cell analyses may stimulate a re-interpretation of lapatinib responses in HER2−overexpressing breast cancer, and hopefully point to improved strategies of lapatinib treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD01-08.
TCTAP C-175 Endovascular Treatment of Aorto-Iliac Occlusion with Extreme Severe Calcification

### Patient initials or identifier number T.T. ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam A 72 year-old man visited our hospital complaining of severe intermittent claudication (Rutherford 3) in the both legs. He received medical treatment for hypertensive heart disease and underwent
LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORIDA LANCELET, BRANCHIOSTOMA FLORIDAE: SOME FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION DYNAMICS IN TAMPA BAY

ABSTRACT The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on population dynamics was studied for Branchiostoma floridae in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. As lancelets grow from 4 mm (newly settled) to 58 mm (maximum size), their numbers decline steadily. A conspicuous cause of mortality of large lancelets is predation by stingrays. During the late spring and summer reproductive period, individual females probably spawn repeatedly at weekly to fortnightly intervals. The number of oocytes shed per spawning female increases geometrically with body size. For example, females of 23 mm and 50 mm typically spawn about 500 and 11,000 oocytes, respectively. Settled juvenile and adult lancelets survive temperatures from 3 to 37 °C and salinities down to 6%c; however, early developmental stages are less tolerant. Small lancelets are uncommon very close to shore where water temperature and salinity will fluctuate widely. Also, in comparison to the sand plain nearby, the substrate beneath seagrass beds contained relatively few s...
Crohn's Disease and Gynecologic Manifestations in Young Women.

Abstract Study Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the reproductive and gynecological concerns of young women with Crohn's disease. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective chart review of young women with Crohn's disease and gynecologic concerns at a large, urban tertiary children's hospital. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Documentation of abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, genital fistula, ulcer, or abscess. Results Most of the patients (85.7%) had menstrual concerns reported as abnormal bleeding patterns or chronic pelvic pain. Genital complaints (fistula, ulcer, or abscess) were present in 75% of patients who ultimately required immune modulators or antibiotics to control their Crohn's disease. Genital complaints were present in only 1 of 3 patients who did not have a history of immune modulator use for Crohn's disease related flare. Conclusion There is a paucity of information available on gynecological concerns occurring in patients with Crohn's disease. Providers should be aware of gynecological manifestations that might appear concurrently with Crohn's colitis, including vulvovaginal pain, vulvar infections, rectovaginal or rectovestibular fistulas, pelvic pain, and menstrual irregularities.
American Society of Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire 2015: Transplantation

The Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire remains an extremely popular session for attendees of the Annual Kidney Week Meeting of the American Society of Nephrology. Once again, the conference hall was overflowing with audience members and eager quiz participants. Topics covered by the expert discussants included electrolyte and acid-base disorders, glomerular disease, ESRD/dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Complex cases representing each of these categories along with single best answer questions were prepared and submitted by the panel of experts. Before the meeting, training program directors of US nephrology fellowship programs and nephrology fellows answered the questions through an internet-based questionnaire. During the live session, members of the audience tested their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by the experts. They compared their answers in real time using their cell phones with a special application with the answers of the nephrology fellows and training program directors. The correct and incorrect answers were then discussed after the results of the questionnaire were displayed. As always, the audience, lecturers, and moderators enjoyed this highly educational session. This article recapitulates the session and reproduces its educational value for the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology readers. Enjoy the clinical cases and expert discussions.
Reliability Assessment and Application of County Electric Power Network Planning

Reliability assessment method is applied in county electric power network planning.The characteristic of closed loop design and opened loop operation in county electric power network is analyzed,and an N-1+1 rule and corresponding reliability indexes in county electric power network reliability assessment is proposed.The reliability of a practical planning in a 2010 county electric power network is analyzed as an example by TPLAN-software of reliability assessment.Results show that the reliability assessment of county electric power network has great benefits to the improvement of reliability management and decision making.
The Independence of Internal Auditing and the Construction of it's Organizational Model

Independence is the soul of internal auditing,the better organizational status with which the internal auditing department can conduct the independent audit activity is the first importance to ensure it to perform its responsibility indenpendently.The sufficient organizational status can ensure the extensitivity of the auditing scope, ensure auditing to conduct freely,ensure the auditing decision to be implemented,ensure the auditing suggestions to be accepted.According to the model of corporation governance,the organizational model of internal audit has three types such as stockholder dominant model,board of directors dominant model and board of supervisors dominant model.According to the current model of mixed governance,This article takes choice of the organizational model of internal auditing in the condition of group corporate,state-owmed enterprises,listed company and private enterprises.
Urogynecologic causes of chronic pelvic pain.

SUMMARY Many women with CPP undergo lengthy evaluations and sometimes empiric operative procedures only to continue to have pain for which no clear source can be found. Occasionally, a review of urinary symptoms may be the key to initiating a diagnostic and therapeutic course that reveals a urologic cause for their pain. Appropriate treatment directed to the urinary disorder may lead to improvement and potentially obviate gynecologic surgery.
Corn Response as Affected by Planting Distance from the Center of Strip-Till Fertilized Rows.

Strip-till has been used at a large scale in east central Kansas as an alternative to earlier planting dates under a no-till system. To determine the effects of planting corn (Zea mays) under previously established strip-tilled fertilized rows, experiments were conducted on an Osage silty clay loam soil in 2006 and 2008 and on a Woodson silt loam soil in 2009, 2010, and 2011 using three different planting distances from the strip-tilled fertilized rows (0, 10, 20, and 38 cm) with a strip-till operation performed between 1 to 73 days before planting. The depth of the strip-till fertilizer application was 13 to 15 cm below the soil surface. Corn that was planted 10 cm from the fertilized row showed greater early season growth, higher plant population, and grain yield. Planting 20 and 38 cm from the center of the fertilized rows showed none of the benefits that are typically associated with strip-tillage system. Enough time should be allowed between the strip-till operation and planting to reach satisfactory soil conditions (e.g., moist and firm seedbed). Our results suggest that the best location for planting strip-tilled fertilized corn vary depending on soil and climatic conditions as well as the time between fertilizer application with the strip-till operation and planting. With fewer number of days, planting directly on the center of fertilized strip-till resulted in decreased plant population and lower grain yield. However the greatest yield benefit across different planting conditions was attained when planting within 10 cm of the strip.
Abstract A88: Poorly differentiated cancer cell and less percentage of early diagnosed cases may be among the contributors explaining the racial disparity of prostate cancer mortality

To find out whether low income status among blacks or other factors can account for the racial disparity of prostate cancer mortality we conducted this study. Cancer registry and death data in all the 159 Georgia counties were sorted by percentage of families with annual incomes less than $10,000. We merged every 10 counties as a county group based on similar percent of low income families, and 16 county groups were formed. The data available for the year 1999–2004. It was found that 1) the incidence rate ratio of blacks over whites ranged from 1.6 to 2.3, whereas the mortality ratio ranged from 1.9 to 3.5 in our 16 county groups. This indicates that the higher mortality rates in blacks is partly due to higher incidence rate, but other factors also play important role; 2) the incidence rates in blacks is not related to percent of low income families, but the mortality rates among blacks are positively with the increase of low income families (R2 =0.25), indicating social economic factors other than incidence, may play key role for disparity; 3) Although there is an inverse relationship between percent of low income families and incidence rates among whites (R2=0.36), the lower incidence rates in poor areas did not result in lower mortality rate among whites; 4) Percentage of early diagnosed cases has no relation to the percent of low income families for both whites and blacks. However, the percentage of early diagnosed cases is always higher among whites than blacks in all the 16 county groups; 5) Percentage of well- and moderately differentiated prostate cancer cases has no relation to the percent of low income families for both whites and blacks. However, the percentage of well- or moderately differentiated cases is always higher among whites than blacks in all the 16 county groups. Conclusion: lower percent of early diagnosed cases and lower percent of well- or moderately differentiated cases among blacks may be among contributors on racial disparity. Higher percent of low income families are also independent risk factor in both blacks and whites.
DC Collection for Wind Farms

In the US, much of the wind resource is located a significant distance from population centers. Existing AC grids, if available, are weak and incapable of carrying large amounts of wind power. Use of proven HVDC technology using voltage source converters (VSC) to perform the long haul for wind energy offers significant advantages at the system level. If one maintains the existing architecture with 60 hertz AC machines (DFIG or PM) connected in parallel, with another VSC converter station at the wind-farm, then the approach appears to be very expensive. This paper proposes a cost effective approach that is based on a compact and light HVDC architecture where individual turbine output is directly converted to DC, using PM generators, medium frequency transformers and simple power converters.
Preparation of3H-phosphatidylmyoinositol withKloeckera brevis

The growth ofKloeckera brevis in the presence of uniformly tritiated myoinositol is described. The major radioactive lipid isolated from the cells is3H-phosphatidylmyoinositol, labeled exclusively in the myoinositol moiety. Chromatographic methods for purifying3H-phosphatidylmyoinositol, free from other labeled lipids, are described, and the use of this labeled lipid as a precursor in studying enzymatic synthesis of complex inositol lipids is demonstrated.
Path loss prediction for electromagnetic side-channel signals

This paper investigates propagation mechanisms that EM side-channel signals experience at different frequencies and proposes models for near-field and far-field propagation of side-channel signals. The near-field propagation is modelled as a field created by an electric monopole (Hertzian dipole) and a magnetic dipole, where the received power is collected using only magnetic components of the EM field. This model resulted in excellent match with measured data. Furthermore, this paper investigates unintentionally modulated side-channel signals. The propagation of EM side-channel signals was modelled using free-space propagation model which resulted in excellent match with measured data. In both cases we have observed that signal can be received at several meters from the side-channel source. The proposed models are the first step in understanding propagation mechanisms of EM side-channel signals and how to predict the distance at which they can be received.
Implementing Intensive Care Unit Family-Centered Care: Resources to Identify and Address Gaps

During creation of the 2017 Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines for Family-Centered Care in the Intensive Care Unit, 2 implementation tools were developed to assist intensive care unit clinicians in incorporating the new recommendations into local practice: a gap analysis tool and a work tools document. The gap analysis tool helps intensive care unit teams rapidly develop unit- or organization-specific recommendations to enhance family-centered care and assess local barriers to implementation. The work tools document identifies readily available and tested resources that may further assist with action planning for change. The goal of these implementation tools is to promote rapid translation of the SCCM Guideline recommendations into practice, thereby streamlining the process of enacting meaningful evidence-based practice change.
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy: A New Microanalytical Technique?

Out of all the techniques which will be discussed in this conference concerning microanalysis, the one which I will present here is the newest and cannot as yet be thought of as a viable technique. That is my main reason for putting the question mark in the title. However, performing microchemical analysis by analyzing the energy of electrons transmitted through thin specimens may have great potential at very high spatial resolution and high sensitivity and that is the reason that there is interest in the technique.
Submesoscale Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Part III: Lagrangian Implications

AbstractFour numerical simulations are used to characterize the impact of submesoscale circulations on surface Lagrangian statistics in the northern Gulf of Mexico over 2 months, February and August, representative of winter and summer. The role of resolution and riverine forcing is explored focusing on surface waters in regions where the water column is deeper than 50 m. Whenever submesoscale circulations are present, the probability density functions (PDFs) of dynamical quantities such as vorticity and horizontal velocity divergence for Eulerian and Lagrangian fields differ, with particles preferentially mapping areas of elevated negative divergence and positive vorticity. The stronger the submesoscale circulations are, the more skewed the Lagrangian distributions become, with greater differences between Eulerian and Lagrangian PDFs. In winter, Lagrangian distributions are modestly impacted by the presence of the riverine outflow, while increasing the model resolution from submesoscale permitting to sub...
Functional display of amylase on yeast surface from Rhizopus oryzae as a novel enzyme delivery method

ABSTRACTFungal amylase has great importance in fermentation industry such as brewing, food fermentation, starch hydrolysis and for improving microbial populations in chicken intestine through feed applications. In the present investigation, alpha amylase cDNA from Rhizopus oryzae was cloned, sequenced, and successfully surface anchored in functional form using Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 as host, yielding enzyme activity of 4.35 (±0.5) U/ml. The surface displayed yeast expressed amylase activity using plate assay, produced glucose and maltose as hydrolysis products using starch as substrate. The targeted and armed yeast with displayed enzyme was evaluated for its characterization at various pH and temperatures. The engineered yeast showed optimal activity at neutral pH and at 50°C incubation temperature. Reducing sugars produced by displayed enzyme were visualized by paper chromatography. The data suggested successful heterologous expression and display of amylase enzyme on yeast cell surface. The dis...
Elevator to the shallows: spatial verticality and the questionable depth of social relations in Mad Men

Set in the world of Madison Avenue advertising during the 1960s, a century after the earliest construction of vertical lifts in New York City, Matthew Weiner’s Mad Men illustrates how central the e...
Spatially Inhomogeneous Contact Processes

A one-dimensional spatially inhomogeneous contact process is a Markov process in {0, 1}Z, where Z is the set of integers, which has the following transitions: $$ 1 \to 0 at site k at rate \delta \left( k \right), and $$ $$ 0 \to 1 at site k at rate \rho \left( k \right)\eta \left( {k + 1} \right) + \left( k \right)\eta \left( {k - 1} \right), $$ , where δ(k) < 0, ρ(k) ≥ 0, λ(k) ≥ 0, and η ∈ {0, 1}Z is the current configuration. If δ(k) ≡ 1 and ρ(k) ≡ λ(k) ≡ λ, this is the basic contact process which was first studied by Harris in 1974. If {(δ(k), ρ(k), λ(k)), k ∈ Z} is chosen randomly in a stationary ergodic manner, it is natural to call this a contact process in a random environment. In this paper, we present three types of results, giving sufficient conditions (a) for extinction of the process, (b) for survival of the process, and (c) for the process to have at most four extremal invariant measures.
Development of Translucent Aluminum Nitride (AIN) Using Microwave Sintering Process

Pure aluminum nitride (AIN) has been successfully sintered to highly translucent form by microwave sintering at 1850°C with a dwelling time of 30–60 minutes. The results showed that the sintering temperature should be at least 1850°C or higher to get reasonable translucency in the AIN sample by the microwave sintering process. On the other hand, the conventional sintering method requires much longer sintering time to obtain a translucent AIN ceramics.
Advances in the use of growth factors for treatment of disorders of soft tissues

Repair and healing of injured and diseased tendons have been traditionally fraught with apprehension and difficulties, and often lead to rather unsatisfactory results. The burgeoning research field of growth factors has opened new venues for treatment of tendon disorders and injuries, and possibly for treatment of disorders of the aorta and major arteries as well. Several chapters in this volume elucidate the role of transforming growth factor β in pathogenesis of several heritable disorders affecting soft tissues, such as aorta, cardiac valves, and tendons and ligaments. Several members of the bone morphogenetic group either have been approved by the FDA for treatment of non-healing fractures or have been undergoing intensive clinical and experimental testing for use in healing of bone fractures and tendon injuries. Because FGFs are involved in embryonic development of tendons and muscles among other tissues and organs the hope is that their testing would lead to the development of some new treatment strategies providing that we can control angiogenicity of these growth factors. The problem, or rather question regarding practical use of IGF-I in tendon repair is whether IGF-I acts independently or under the guidance of growth hormone. FGF2 or PDGF alone or in combination with IGF-I stimulated regeneration of periodontal ligament, a matter of importance in Marfan patients with periodontitis. In contrast, VEGF appears to have rather deleterious effect on experimental tendon healing, perhaps because of its angiogenic activity and stimulation of matrix metalloproteinases, proteases whose increased expression has been documented in a variety of ruptured tendons. Other modalities, such as local administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and/or of mesenchymal stem cells have been explored extensively in tendon healing. Though treatment with PRP and mesenchymal stem cells has met with some success in horses (who experience a lot of tendon injuries and other tendon problems), the use of PRP and mesenchymal stem cells in people has been more problematic and requires more studies before PRP and mesenchymal stem cells can become reliable tools in management of soft tissue injuries and disorders.
Vebrotactile adaptation of a RA system: A psychophysical analysis

Its capacity for precise frequency discrimination, and the fact that its detection threshold is nearly independent of frequency, suggest that the RA system is importantly involved in the perceptual representation of vibratory waveform. This possibility is supported by experiments comparing the threshold-raising abilities of vibrotactile adapting stimuli that differ along dimensions of amplitude, frequency, and complexity. These studies show that information about the peak amplitude of a vibratory stimulus, which is essential for a non-distorted representation of waveform, is preserved by the RA system.
Project HealthDesign: stimulating the next generation of personal health records.

Project HealthDesign is a national program designed to rethink the power and potential of personal health records. It intends to stimulate development of new personal health management tools by harnessing the content of the personal health record and making advice, recommendations, and data-tracking tools available to lay people. The program goals include creating a set of prototype personal health records applications, deriving the core functions needed to support interoperable ‘plug-and-play’ resources for managing health challenges, and addressing the ethical, legal, and social issues that confront the development of computer tools to promote health actions. Response to the call for proposals was tremendous; from the over 160 groups who submitted proposals, 9 teams were selected to design and create prototypes of innovative personal health management tools. This paper summarizes the full set of proposals, their populations of interest, and the technical challenges that await full implementation of the PHR-based applications designed to promote health.