cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification, properties, and cellular localization of Euglena ferredoxin-NADP reductase.

Abstract Ferredoxin-NADP reductase from Euglena gracilis Klebs var. Bacillaris Cori purified to apparent homogeneity, yields a typical 36 kDa and an unusual 15 kDa polypeptide on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, exhibits a typical flavoprotein spectrum, contains FAD, and catalyzes NADPH-dependent iodonitrotetrazolium-violet diaphorase, NADPH-specific ferredoxin-dependent cytochrome- c -550 reductase and NADPH-NAD transhydrogenase activities. Rabbit antibody to the purified FNR blocks these activities specifically and also blocks the iodonitrotetrazolium-violet diaphorase activity of Euglena chloroplasts completely. The low iodonitrotetrazolium-violet diaphorase activity in the plastidless mutant, W 10 BSmL, is mitochondrial and is not specifically blocked by the ferredoxin-NADP reductase antibody. Dark-grown non-dividing (resting) wild-type Euglena cells show a 4-fold increase in ferredoxin-NADP reductase activity during greening at 970 lx. Half of the low ferredoxin-NADP reductase activity in dark-grown cells is initially soluble, but by the end of chloroplast development nearly all of the enzyme is membrane-bound. The binding of ferredoxin-NADP reductase on exposure to light correlates with the extent of thylakoid membrane formation. Immunoblots of wild-type extracts during greening indicate that the 15 kDa polypeptide increases in the same manner as the extent of reductase binding to thylakoid membranes.
New York: The electronic doorway library initiative

New York State has established the goal of enabling all libraries in the state—some 7,000—to become electronic doorway libraries. An electronic doorway library is a library enhanced and transformed by the use of computer and telecommunications technology to provide electronic services for its users.
Future directions of non-volatile memory in compute applications

NAND's new position in the compute memory hierarchy imposes new considerations for scaling to smaller lithography nodes and tightly links NAND with the external controller. Likewise, widespread acceptance of future NVM in the compute memory hierarchy will be determined by ability to meet both cost and performance criteria.
Polarity of cortical electrical stimulation differentially affects neuronal activity of deep and superficial layers of rat motor cortex

Background Cortical electrical stimulation (CES) techniques are practical tools in neurorehabilitation that are currently being used to test models of functional recovery after neurologic injury. However, the mechanisms by which CES has therapeutic effects, are not fully understood. Objective In this study, we investigated the effects of CES on unit activity of different neuronal elements in layers of rat primary motor cortex after the offset of stimulation. We evaluated the effects of monopolar CES pulse polarity (anodic-first versus cathodic-first) using various stimulation frequencies and amplitudes on unit activity after stimulation. Methods A penetrating single shank silicon microelectrode array enabled us to span the entirety of six layer motor cortex allowing simultaneous electrophysiologic recordings from different depths after monopolar CES. Neural spiking activity before the onset and after the offset of CES was modeled using point processes fit to capture neural spiking dynamics as a function of extrinsic stimuli based on generalized linear model methods. Results We found that neurons in lower layers have a higher probability of being excited after anodic CES. Conversely, neurons located in upper cortical layers have a higher probability of being excited after cathodic stimulation. The opposing effects observed following anodic versus cathodic stimulation in upper and lower layers were frequency- and amplitude-dependent.
Myth Education: Rationale and Strategies for Teaching Against Linguistic Prejudice.

People frequently make assumptions about others because of their spoken or written use of a particular dialect or language. The varieties of English that people use are often regarded as indicators of corresponding intelligence, competence, motives, and morality. Such assumptions—frequently based on myths and misconceptions about the nature of language—can lead to discriminatory practices. Literacy educators should work to combat prejudice by dispelling linguistic myths and working with students to expose and critique the processes and institutions that perpetuate such misconceptions. This article outlines and critiques common myths that contribute to language-based discrimination. These myths include misunderstandings about grammar and usage rules, misinformed beliefs about particular language varieties as “random” rather than rule governed, and misconceptions about how to judge the relative value or quality of specific language varieties. In addition, the author suggests activities that encourage learners to investigate the actual nature of linguistic diversity and to question the ways that linguistic prejudice is propagated institutionally.
The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a modulator of apoptosis

Mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of apoptosis are implicated in many diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. We investigate here the role of respiratory chain (RC) dysfunction in apoptosis, using mitochondrial DNA mutations as genetic models. Although some mutations eliminate the entire RC, others target specific complexes, resulting in either decreased or complete loss of electron flux, which leads to impaired respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Despite these similarities, significant differences in responses to apoptotic stimuli emerge. Cells lacking RC are protected against both mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–induced apoptosis. Cells with RC, but unable to generate electron flux, are protected against mitochondrial apoptosis, although they have increased sensitivity to ER stress. Finally, cells with a partial reduction in electron flux have increased apoptosis under both conditions. Our results show that the RC modulates apoptosis in a context-dependent manner independent of ATP production and that apoptotic responses are the result of the interplay between mitochondrial functional state and environmental cues.
Modified Radical Vulvectomy without Lymphadenectomy under Local Anesthesia in Medically Compromised Patients

Abstract Introduction. Our objective was to review our experience with vulvar cancer treated with modified radical vulvectomy without lymphadenectomy under local anesthesia and sedation. Methods. A retrospective review of surgical case lists revealed five patients who underwent modified radical vulvectomy without lymphadenectomy under local anesthesia with sedation. All patients had significant medical diseases which precluded regional or general anesthesia. Modified radical vulvectomy was performed in standard fashion under sedation and local anesthesia. Inguinal lymphadenectomy was not performed. Results. Median operative time was 1.5 h and median blood loss was 100 cc. Median diameter of tissue resected was 5 cm and median depth was 5 cm. Median length of hospital stay was 4 days. No patient complained of pain during the operative procedure. At a median follow-up of 2.5 years, there has been one local recurrence. Conclusion. Five patients with symptomatic vulvar cancer who were not candidates for regional or general anesthesia underwent modified radical vulvectomy without lymphadenectomy under local anesthesia with sedation. The procedure was well-tolerated and produced minimal morbidity and adequate short-term local control.
A two-locus gene conversion model with selection and its application to the human RHCE and RHD genes

A two-locus gene conversion model with selection is developed. Under the joint action of selection, mutation, gene conversion, recombination, and random genetic drift, approximate formulas for the expectations of the moments of allele frequencies and the expected amounts of variation within and between two loci are obtained by a diffusion method assuming relatively strong selection. It is shown that the pattern of allelic variation is mainly determined by the balance between gene conversion and selection, because these two mechanisms act in opposite directions. As an application of the theoretical results, the human RHCE and RHD genes are considered. The very high level of amino acid divergence between the two genes is observed only in a short region around exon 7. It is known that exon 7 encodes amino acids that characterize the difference between the RHCE and RHD antigens. The observed pattern of DNA variation in this region is consistent with the selection model developed in this article, suggesting that strong selection might be working to maintain the RHCE/RHD antigen variation in the two-locus system. The selection intensity is estimated on the basis of the theoretical result.
Tuberculosis surveillance: data for decision-making.

Disease surveillance has often been described as the "conscience" of an epidemic. Surveillance represents a discipline that is often taken for granted in the practice of epidemiology, yet surveillance data are commonly requested and quoted. Surveillance data are crucial to measuring the burden of diseases and, thus, serve as the basis for informed decisions regarding the planning and targeting of health care interventions. Ideal surveillance systems are comprehensive, accurate, and timely. Analysis and reporting of information to those "who need to know" completes the "feedback loop" of robust and useful surveillance systems. An early example of the analysis and use of tuberculosis mortality trends in the United Kingdom was published by Frost [1], who helped to elucidate the influence of cohort year of birth. The article by Falzon and Ait-Belghiti [2], published in this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, reflects a commendable assessment of tuberculosis trends in the 25 countries belonging to European Union, based on data collected and collated by EuroTB, a surveillance network imple-
Advantages of high level test synthesis over design for test

There are two major reasons why high-level test synthesis (HLTS) has advantages over design for testability (DFT) at low level: (l) size complexity and (2) functional abstraction. A design grows significantly in size when it is synthesized into a low level description. For example, the behavioral description of an FIR filter in Silage language required only one page, whereas the structural VHDL of the same design at gate level required as much as forty pages. This explosion in size complexity causes a loss in the effectiveness of any automated tool. The second advantage, functional abstraction, allows one to utilize specific functional behaviors, that can be used for various activities during ATPG. For example, it is easy to identify that an adder will propagate a pattern at one of the inputs to its output provided the other input is zero, but at the gate level it requires a large amount of search to derive the same information. HLTS has access to more information than low-level DFT, hence the former is capable of achieving more than the latter. As we go higher in the description, the more functional abstraction we can get, thereby making the testing tasks easier.
Drivers of Customer Relationships in Quick-Service Restaurants: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility

Quick-service restaurants (QSRs) face a particular challenge in creating customer relationships, given low levels of consumer brand loyalty and a standardized product that makes it difficult to developing a distinctive identity. One way that quick-service firms attempt to set themselves apart is through genuine, long-term corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts, in addition to the quality of their food, service, and overall restaurant environment. This article explores the extent to which customers’ perceptions of Chick-fil-A’s food, service, environment, and CSR affect the three dimensions of their relationship quality with that firm—namely, satisfaction, trust, and identification, based on convenience survey of 483 of the firm’s customers. With regard to the elements of a customer relationship, the analysis found that (1) awareness of CSR programs did not improve customer satisfaction but did boost identification and trust, (2) service quality supported trust and satisfaction but does not influenc...
Iron Requirements and Aluminum Sensitivity of an Hydroxamic Acid-Requiring Strain of Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium strain ATCC 19213 secretes a ferric-chelating secondary hydroxamic acid, whereas a mutant (strain SK11) derived from it cannot produce a hydroxamate. Strain SK11 could be cultivated in a sucrose-mineral salts medium (treated with Chelex 100 to reduce trace metals) in the absence of added hydroxamate, if the inoculum was high. The lowest iron supplements necessary for maximal growth of both strains were equivalent (0.01 to 0.04 μg of iron per ml). Addition of either aluminum (0.5 μg/ml) or chromium (0.1 μg/ml) to the medium prevented full growth of strain SK11 at the minimal iron concentration, although elevated iron (1 μg/ml) reversed this inhibition. The iron-free secondary hydroxamate, Desferal, also abolished aluminum and chromium inhibition of strain SK11, producing maximal population densities at the low iron concentration. Growth of the hydroxamate-producing strain 19213 was not altered significantly by the aluminum or chromium levels which inhibited strain SK11. However, strain 19213 responded to these metals by increasing its secretion of a secondary hydroxamate. It was concluded that aluminum and chromium interfered with iron incorporation, either directly or by formation of nonutilizable aggregates with iron. The secondary hydroxamates may have overcome this interference by solubilization of iron for delivery to a single uptake process, or the ferric-hydroxamate chelate may enter the cell by an alternate route.
Simulating test program methods in semiconductor assembly test factories

Significant opportunities for improvement in semiconductor Assembly/Test (A/T) manufacturing reside in the Test areas. These Test areas can very often be the system constraint, due to complex testing policies, bin-to-order mapping, and cost. A very difficult problem for both researchers and manufacturers is to determine the best methods for assigning test programs for lots on these test equipment. To answer these problems, Intel has produced dynamic discrete event simulation models that consider multiple wafer types, multiple end products, multiple test program methods, and binning policies of end products according to the tested performance of the die. This model does not require modeling specific manufacturing equipment and operator activities, only detailed logic of test program and binning policies. The quantitative output data from this model provides the relative decision support necessary to determine what methods work best for Intel, given other costs and business drivers.
Simple Method for Determining Frictional Sliding Resistance and Frictional Energy Dissipation in Layered Ceramics

A method is presented for measuring the frictional sliding resistance between cracked laminae in a layered ceramic. The first step in the test involves using a wedge to completely crack a weak interface along the length of the specimen. The cracked specimen is then loaded in three-point bending, and the load-deflection response is monitored. A deviation from linearity is observed when the load is sufficiently high for sliding to occur between the upper and lower halves of the specimen. The load at which this nonlinearity is first observed can be related to the interfacial sliding resistance. A model is then developed to relate the energy absorbed during a load-unload cycle to the frictional sliding resistance. The analysis is verified using a model system made from steel, and a ceramic composite made from silicon nitride and boron nitride.
The American Interest in Islamic Schooling: A Misplaced Emphasis?

Since 2001, many American intellectuals and policymakers have blamed terrorism and conflict on Middle Eastern educational systems, which they claim do little but indoctrinate students with anti-American sentiment. Pressure has been put on many countries in the region to rewrite their curricula as a cure for violence and xenophobia. This article discusses some historical parallels to current concerns about inadequate schooling, but argues that solving political problems through curricular reform is misguided. "Rewriting books," it argues, "is easier than changing fundamental social, economic and political institutions with powerful constituencies. . . .Curriculum reform without the reform of infrastructure, political participation and economic opportunity will do nothing to stem internal and external conflicts that do far more than schools to create violent motivations. The doomed economy of petroleum, the patriarchal authority structures of rural villages, the brutality of the Saudi religious police, the legal persecution of Egyptian homosexuals, the abuse of Iraqi prisoners by American soldiers, targeted assassinations by Algerian paramilitaries or by Israeli pilots in American helicopters. . .have far more influence over the political consciousness of children and youth than does anything taught in school, religious or otherwise.”
A joint theoretical and experimental study of phenylene–acetylene molecular wires

Abstract The excited state electronic structure of π conjugated phenylene–acetylene oligomers is calculated using time-dependent density functional theory approaches. The theoretical fluorescence spectra are analyzed in terms of Frank–Condon active nuclear normal modes and shown to compare well with experiment. Theoretical and experimental results for the optical absorption and emission spectra of these molecules indicate that the conjugation length can be significantly reduced by conformational rotations about the triple-bonded carbon links. This has serious implications on the electronic functionalities of polyphenylene–acetylene based molecular wires and their possible use as charge/energy conduits in nano-assemblies.
Spatial Distribution of Myosin Heavy-chain Isoforms in Mouse Masseter

There is a paucity of information regarding the anatomy and muscle fiber phenotype of the masseter. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution of each myosin heavychain (MyHC) isoform within different anatomical regions of male and female mouse masseters. Masseters from male and female CD-1 mice (2-4 months old) were examined for description of the anatomical partitioning of muscle fibers and endplate distribution. The spatial distribution of MyHC isoforms—embryonic, neonatal, slow, α cardiac, IIa, and IIb—was determined within the defined masseter partitions by means of Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent localization. Types IIa, IIx, and lIb were the predominant MyHC isoforms observed. Distinct differences in the spatial distribution of these MyHC isoforms were found between muscle regions and varied between sexes. The regionalization of muscle fiber types in the mouse masseter is consistent with the functional compartmentalization of the masseter observed in other species.
MEASURING THE INEQUITY OF URBAN PUBLIC SERVICES METHODOLOGICAL DISCUSSION WITH APPLICATIONS

This article attempts to extend the analysis of urban service delivery beyond equality of units of service input to measurement of the equity of both inputs and outputs (impact). The author develops an original technique for measuring and indexing service equity. It is applied to police services in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The findings are generally consistent with other recent research around the nation in that only modest inequities in service inputs and outputs are found and little evidence of systematic discrimination toward the poor and racial minorities is found.
Chapter 6 – DNA Mixtures

DNA mixtures arise when two or more individuals contribute to the sample being tested. Mixtures can be challenging to detect and interpret without extensive experience and careful training. DNA detection technologies have become more sensitive through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification coupled with fluorescent measurements using capillary electrophoresis (CE). This detection sensitivity has improved the ability to see minor components in the DNA profile of mixed samples over that which was available with early DNA methods. Likewise, the theoretical framework for statistical calculations involved in mixture interpretation has expanded in recent years. This chapter will focus on mixture detection and evaluation.
Second quarter results of chemical measurements in the single heater test (milestone SP9240M4)

In the first quarter report, comparison was made between measured water compositions obtained from Hole 16, interval 4 (16-4), and preliminary simulations of that water chemistry. This report describes additional data collected since that sampling, as well as the results of refined simulations that provide a better approximation of the reaction path followed by the water. Also, during this period waters were extracted from pads placed on SEAMIST liners in boreholes specifically for chemical sampling. Several pads exhibited evidence of having collected moisture, so they were removed and the water analyzed. However, for reasons discussed below, analytical problems were encountered. As a result, refined sampling techniques will be used in the future Drift Scale Test, when employing sample pads on the liners.
Cereal Aphid Populations in Winter Wheat: Spatial Distributions and Sampling with Fixed Levels of Precision

Taylor's power law and Iwao's patchiness regression were used to analyze spatial distributions of four aphid species, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Macrosiphum avenae (F.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and R. maidis (Fitch), in 0.3-m samples taken from winter wheat fields. Taylor's power law generally provided a better description of variance/mean relationships for the species than did Iwao's patchiness regression. All species exhibited aggregated patterns of spatial distribution, but patterns of distribution differed among some species. Sample size requirements for fixed levels of precision and sequential sampling plans of fixed levels of precision were determined by utilizing estimated variance/mean relationships obtained from Taylor's power law regressions. Sample size requirements for estimation of population means with fixed levels of precision were greatest for R. padi , and decreased in the order M. avenae , S. graminum , and R. maidis .
Deet-impregnated net shirt repels biting flies.

Mosquitoes, tabanids, punkies, black flies, and other blood-sucking Diptera are often the bane of field researchers, sportsmen, and laborers in many areas. A few years ago I read an abstract of a Soviet paper concerning the use of net shirts impregnated with diethylamidemetatoluate for invididual protection against biting flies (Cherapanov and Gomoyunova 1963). Using the abstract as a guide I made several net shirts from “mosquito bar” material and soaked them each in 200 ml of 30% technical deet (Metadelphene®, Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del.) in alcohol. The shirts were of loose hooded ski-jacket design with elastic at bottom, wrist, and hood openings. The net material was woven cotton-rayon mosquito bar cloth with hexagonal openings (13/in.).
Crystal and molecular structure of (±)-cyclomethylenomycinA

The structure of (±)-cyclomethylenomycinA, a penultimate synthetic precursor of the antibiotic methylenomycinA, was determined by direct methods from MoKα diffractometer data. The crystals of (±)-cyclomethylen-omycinA are orthorhombic, space groupPbca, a=15.5724(1),b=11.4415(1),c=9.5454(1)A, andZ=8. The structure was refined toR=0.077. The chemically determined structure was confirmed. Bond distances and angles are normal and there are no unusual C-H | | | O intermolecular contacts.
Descriptions of Immature Stages of the Grape Root Borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae),

Descriptions of the egg, first-stage larva, and pupa of the grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), are given. Also, an amendment to MacKay's description of the late-stage larva is included, and a key is presented to distinguish between the pupae of V. polistiformis and the peach tree borer, Sanninoidea exitiosa (Say). All stages described are illustrated.
The parameter optimization of ELISA and precise determination of aflatoxin B_1 in edible oil

Objective In order to improve the precision and accuracy of the determination of aflatoxin B1 in edible oil by ELISA,some relative detection conditions should be optimized and discussed. Methods After optimization of the pretreatment procedures for sample and some parameters in the immunoassay,the RSD and recovery rates were also compared. Results Under current optimized conditions,the recovery rate of sample was located within 75. 5% ~ 115. 6%. The RSD of the same sample extraction solution detected by current modified ELISA immunoassay method was lower than 8. 5%. Moreover,the ELISA experiments results were verified by UPLC-MS-MS test,and comparison results were also satisfied. Conclusion Under the optimized determination conditions,the performance was effectively improved,and the repeatability of sample detection was satisfied. The optimized parameters can be applied to practical determinations,moreover,the current methods will be apt to the common analysis of the aflatoxin B1by ELISA for general laboratory.
Reducing Emergency Department Visits for Acute Gastrointestinal Illnesses in North Carolina (USA) by Extending Community Water Service.

Background:Previous analyses have suggested that unregulated private drinking water wells carry a higher risk of exposure to microbial contamination than regulated community water systems. In North...
Urology Payments from Industry in the Sunshine Act.

Abstract Introduction Payments to practitioners from drug and device manufacturers or group purchasing organizations are reported in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) databases as a part of the Sunshine Act. Characterizing these payments is a necessary step in identifying conflicts of interest and the influence of payments on practice patterns, if any. Payments have never been analyzed in detail among urologists. Methods We reviewed the most recent CMS Open Payments database for the full year 2014, released on June 30, 2015. Urology practitioners were extracted and the database was analyzed for number of total payments, total dollar value of payments, mean, median and number of physicians, number of manufacturers, and number of drugs/biologicals. Data were further categorized according to provider specialty, form of payment, nature of payment, practitioner ownership and dispute status. Results Payments totaled $32,450,382. Practitioner payments were unevenly distributed, with a median payment of $15. The majority of payments were in the form of food and beverage. Female pelvic medicine practitioners received the highest payments out of the provider specialties. The largest categorical difference from the median was in the form of stock, options and other ownership interests ($24,050). Ownership status and disputed payments were associated with payment values above median values ($400 and $61, respectively). Conclusions There are major disparities in industry payments to urology practitioners. Whether this influences practice patterns remains to be seen, although identifying categorical differences in payments is an important first step in the process.
The Idylic Vision of Idylls of The King

Carlyle’s despair over Alfred is also evident in his dismissal of the one work that is often regarded as Tennyson’s greatest; I have already cited his comments on the Idylls, and it is obvious that his dislike of that poem is based on his moral aesthetics. To Carlyle, Tennyson in the Idylls was again simply ‘spinning rhymes’ and talking of ‘Art’; Alfred had forgotten that the times demanded not mere aestheticisms but poetry that dealt with truth, the truth that Carlyle had seen in some of Tennyson’s earlier idyls. He had failed to image the age.1
Trauma and Disorders of Memory

This chapter describes conditions under which people remember traumatic events: most quite clearly, some barely at all, while a minority remembers such events pathologically well. The account outlined here is based on the central premise that acute and chronic stressors, acting through the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) systems, modulate brain systems to change the ways in which experience is transduced, distributed, stored, retrieved and integrated, reaggregated, and used. We start with a discussion of contextualized remembering, separating the concept of context into two distinct entities: settings and situations. We argue that a person's perception of setting and situation is filtered through individual differences reflecting genetic predispositions (traits), acquired characteristics (habits), and acute motivational states. We then outline remembering under normal circumstances. We then disambiguate the concepts of fear, stress, and trauma. Fear, we claim, is a state triggered through extant traits, states, and acquired characteristics mediated through the SAM axis. Once triggered, fear can bleed into stress, mediated through the HPA axis, which, under specific circumstances, bleeds into trauma. We discuss the neural bases of settings, situations, fear, and stress and discuss the representational structures the brain generates under both normal and stressful conditions. These considerations offer a way of understanding the nature of memory for trauma and suggest a resolution of recent debates in the trauma memory literature.
Gambling and the Reasoned Action Model: Predicting Past Behavior, Intentions, and Future Behavior

Gambling is a serious concern for society because it is highly addictive and is associated with a myriad of negative outcomes. The current study applied the Reasoned Action Model (RAM) to understand and predict gambling intentions and behavior. Although prior studies have taken a reasoned action approach to understand gambling, no prior study has fully applied the RAM or used the RAM to predict future gambling. Across two studies the RAM was used to predict intentions to gamble, past gambling behavior, and future gambling behavior. In study 1 the model significantly predicted intentions and past behavior in both a college student and Amazon Mechanical Turk sample. In study 2 the model predicted future gambling behavior, measured 2 weeks after initial measurement of the RAM constructs. This study stands as the first to show the utility of the RAM in predicting future gambling behavior. Across both studies, attitudes and perceived normative pressure were the strongest predictors of intentions to gamble. These findings provide increased understanding of gambling and inform the development of gambling interventions based on the RAM.
Place, nature and masculinity in immigrant integration: Latino immigrant men in inner-city parks and community gardens

ABSTRACTWith this paper, I offer three contributions to the subfields of gender and migration scholarship, and to the sociology of immigration. Firstly, the paper argues for the importance of place and gender in immigrant integration, and seeks to nudge the sociology of immigration away from the dominant paradigms of assimilation and transnationalism, towards one that acknowledges how quotidian practices and the materiality and meanings of place constitute active assertions for the right to make a home in the city. Secondly, this paper builds on several decades of gender and migration scholarship, and seeks to bring immigrant men back into the frame, not as androcentric agents, but as actors with gendered, intersectional social locations imbued with both masculine privilege and social marginality. Thirdly, the sociology of immigration has mostly ignored the materiality of the local environment in processes of settlement and immigrant integration, and this paper adds a focus on how plant nature and landsca...
Construction of Dynamic Multifidelity Locally Optimized Surrogate Models

The conceptual design phase for the development of new and revolutionary aircraft should include both low- and high-fidelity multidisciplinary engineering analyses to enable reasonable computationa...
Fluorescence visualization of wound closure in partial and full-thickness wound models (Conference Presentation)

Background and Objectives: UV Fluorescence Excitation Imaging (u-FEI) has been shown to be a simple but robust, non-invasive and non-contact method to visualize cells with a high proliferative rate. We had demonstrated the ability of u-FEI to visualize the re-epithelialization of skin wounds in an organ culture system. In this work, we investigated the potential of u-FEI for visualization of wound closure of partial and full-thickness skin wounds. Study Design: Partial and full-thickness skin wounds were created in the tail of rats. Wounds were imaged weekly using u-FEI system operating at 295/340nm excitation/emission wavelengths, which correspond to the excitation/emission bands of the endogenous fluorophore tryptophan. Histology and immunohistology were used to determine the association between fluorescence intensity and proliferation of keratinocyte cells. Results: Similar to human skin, the skin of a rat tail heals by re-epithelialization. Keratinocytes migrated and proliferated from the edge and skin appendages of partial-skin wounds to close the wound by creating neo-epidermis. The fluorescence intensity of the whole wound area increased uniformly during week one and decreased to non-wounded control levels around week three. For full-thickness wounds, keratinocytes migrated only from the wound edges as skin appendages were missing. The fluorescence intensity was higher by the wound edge and marched towards the center during healing. H&E and immunohistology show that changes in fluorescence intensity corresponded to newly formed epidermis. Conclusions: u-FEI of tryptophan allowed visualization of wound closure of partial and full-thickness skin wounds in an in vivo model of wound healing by epithelialization.
Valuing urban land: Comparing the use of teardown and vacant land sales

Abstract This study explores the use of “teardown” sales to estimate the value of urban land. When a buyer purchases a property intending to tear down the existing structure and rebuild, the value of land can potentially be estimated as the purchase price plus demolition costs. There has been little exploration of teardown sales in cities around the country, or any explicit comparisons between the estimates of land values derived from teardown sales and those derived through vacant land sales. This paper undertakes just such an explicit comparison, analyzing approximately 3800 teardown sales and 4900 vacant land sales occurring in New York City between 2003 and 2009. The two approaches yield surprisingly similar estimates of the value of both parcel attributes and locational amenities. However, vacant parcels are disproportionately located in very distressed neighborhoods and tend to be valued less highly than teardown parcels, even in the same neighborhood. Teardown parcels appear to be more representative of the city as a whole and may be a more useful approach to developing estimates of land prices, at least in the central cities of large urban areas where sample sizes are large enough.
Effects of an Interdisciplinary Practice Bundle for Second-Stage Labor on Clinical Outcomes.

BACKGROUND There is renewed interest in second-stage labor practices as recent evidence has challenged historical perspectives on safe duration of second-stage labor. Traditional practices and routine interventions during second-stage have uncertain benefit for low-risk women and may result in cesarean birth. PURPOSE The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement an interdisciplinary second-stage practice bundle to promote safe outcomes including method of birth and women's birth experience. METHODS Standardized second-stage labor evidence-based practice recommendations structured into a 5 Ps practice bundle (patience, positioning, physiologic resuscitation, progress, preventing urinary harm) were implemented across 34 birthing hospitals in the Trinity Health system. RESULTS Significant improvements were observed in second-stage practices. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses' perinatal nursing care quality measure Second-Stage of Labor: Mother-Initiated Spontaneous Pushing significantly improved [pre-implementation 43% (510/1,195), post-implementation 76% (1,541/2,028), p < .0001]. Joint Commission Perinatal Care-02: nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex cesarean rate significantly decreased (p = 0.02) with no differences in maternal morbidity, or negative newborn birth outcomes. Unexpected complications in term births significantly decreased in all newborns (p < 0.001), and for newborns from vaginal births (p = 0.03). Birth experience satisfaction rose from the 69th to the 81st percentile. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Implementing 13 evidence-based second-stage labor practices derived from the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses and the American College of Nurse-Midwives professional guidelines achieved our goals of safely reducing primary cesarean birth among low-risk nulliparous women, and optimizing maternal and fetal outcomes associated with labor and birth. By minimizing routine interventions, nurses support physiologic birth and improve women's birth satisfaction.
Impact of Specialized Hauling Vehicles on Load Rating Older, Bridge-Class, Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts:

This paper describes the comparison of load ratings associated with application of three live load models recognized by AASHTO—AASHTO legal loads, the notional rating load including single-unit spe...
Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity of Hormone and Growth Factor Receptors

Publisher Summary The phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of proteins is recognized as a mechanism for regulating cellular processes. In this connection, a host of different protein kinases involved in a variety of cellular functions exist. This chapter presents the evidence that the receptor and kinase functions of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptors are present on the same macromolecule. It discusses the properties of these enzymes, their substrates, and their interaction with other hormone systems. Besides the receptors themselves, a number of endogenous cellular proteins as well as a variety of exogenous proteins and peptides serve as substrates for the growth factor-stimulated protein tyrosine kinases. Synthetic peptides with defined sequences serve as substrates for the growth factor-stimulated tyrosine kinases. Many of the enzymes catalyzing the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of serine/threonine residues in proteins are regulated by second messengers, such as cyclic nucleotides, diacylglycerol, and calcium ions; therefore, they are controlled by the hormones that alter the levels of these substances.
Abstract 92: Endovascular Thrombectomy Access in the United States: the Current Status and an Optimization Model

Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) is established for acute ischemic strokes (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Timely direct access to EVT-capable centers is integral for EVT utilization...
10. Sequential Probability Ratio Tests

Since the distribution of \(\sum(X_i - \bar{X})^{2/\sigma^2}\) does not depend on ξ or σ, the probability \(P\{\sum(X_i - \bar{X})^2 \geqq C|\xi, \sigma\}\) is independent of ξ and increases with σ, so that the conditions of Corollary 5 are satisfied.
ARF-Like (ARL) Proteins

The ARF-like (ARL) proteins, within the ARF family, are a collection of functionally diverse GTPases that share extensive (>40 %) identity with the ARFs and each other and are assumed to share basic mechanisms of regulation and a very incompletely documented degree of overlapping regulators. At least four ARLs were already present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, along with one ARF, and these have been expanded to >20 members in mammals. We know little about the majority of these proteins so our review will focus on those about which the most is known, including ARL1, ARL2, ARL3, ARL4s, ARL6, ARL13s, and ARFRP1. From this fragmentary information we extract some generalizations and conclusions regarding the sources and extent of specificity and functions of the ARLs.
The hippocampus and schizophrenia

It is now widely accepted that schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities of the brain. The details, however, are unclear: Which neural circuits are affected and which remain intact? When do structural and functional abnormalities develop in the brain? How can brain abnormalities explain the clinical features?
Product knowledge and information processing of organic foods

This paper aims to examine how product knowledge influences consumers to consider available information before choosing between organic and non-organic options. As “certified organic” is based on a complex standard in the USA, many consumers have only partial understanding of the term. This research shows how that knowledge influences consumer evaluation of the options presented in the market.,A two-study experimental survey that offers respondents a choice between two canned soups, one organic and one not, along with front- and back-of-label information which they can decide to use is utilized. The two studies differ in inclusion of national brand.,Consumer behavior with respect to information significantly affects rationale for product choice, and higher levels of knowledge are associated with choice rationale. Objective and subjective knowledge influence information processing differently. Inaccurate knowledge displayed by consumers influences their information processing behavior.,While the survey stimuli are a realistic representation of two products, the online survey abstracts from in-store distractors that might influence behavior. The product chosen, while familiar and commonly consumed, is a low-involvement product which may reduce consumer effort.,Marketers of organic foods must understand the level of knowledge held by consumers, as well as the information that most influences their choices if the industry is to grow further.,This study contrasts subjective and objective knowledge about organic foods and calculates the degree to which consumers under- versus over-estimate “organic” in their ignorance. As such, the research offers insight into a well-established label claim that has yet to achieve significant market share.
Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries

State-of-the-art lithium (Li)-ion batteries are approaching their specific energy limits yet are challenged by the ever-increasing demand of today’s energy storage and power applications, especially for electric vehicles. Li metal is considered an ultimate anode material for future high-energy rechargeable batteries when combined with existing or emerging high-capacity cathode materials. However, much current research focuses on the battery materials level, and there have been very few accounts of cell design principles. Here we discuss crucial conditions needed to achieve a specific energy higher than 350 Wh kg−1, up to 500 Wh kg−1, for rechargeable Li metal batteries using high-nickel-content lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides as cathode materials. We also provide an analysis of key factors such as cathode loading, electrolyte amount and Li foil thickness that impact the cell-level cycle life. Furthermore, we identify several important strategies to reduce electrolyte-Li reaction, protect Li surfaces and stabilize anode architectures for long-cycling high-specific-energy cells. Jun Liu and Battery500 Consortium colleagues contemplate the way forward towards high-energy and long-cycling practical batteries.
LC3 Overexpression Perturbs Pancreatic Acinar Cell Homeostasis and Alters Pancreatitis Responses

Background & AimsDespite accumulating evidence for important role of autophagy in pancreatitis, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Conversion of the key autophagy-related (Atg) protei...
Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomative syn‐1,4‐Oxyamination

A palladium-catalyzed dearomative syn-1,4-oxyamination protocol using non-activated arenes has been developed. This one-pot procedure utilizes arenophile chemistry, and the corresponding para-cycloadducts are treated with oxygen nucleophiles via formal allylic substitution, providing direct access to syn-1,4-oxyaminated products. The reaction conditions permit a range of arenes, as well as different O-nucleophiles, such as oximes and benzyl alcohols. Moreover, this process was established in an asymmetric fashion, delivering products with high enantioselectivity. The dearomatized products are amenable to a multitude of further derivatizations ranging from olefin chemistry to C-H activation, giving rise to a diverse set of new functionalities. Overall, this dearomative functionalization offers rapid and controlled formation of molecular complexity, enabling straightforward access to functionalized small molecules from simple and readily available arenes.
Assembling a prehistory for formal methods: a personal view

The history of formal methods has barely been written. Haigh recapitulates his own exposure to relevant material during three phases of his development as a scholar: as a student of computer science, as a graduate student in history, and as a professor researching the history of computing. Triangulating these perspectives suggests that formal methods is one of several strands emerging from a community of researchers that gathered around Algol, flirted with software engineering, and found an enduring home in the IFIP working group on programming methodologies. Yet the story of how a declared “formal methods” movement emerged fromthis group has remains unclear.Haigh explores some relevant ideas fromacademic history, sketches historical connections between formal methods and other areas of computer science, and concludes with some suggestion for and challenges to formal methods participants who aim to tell the story of their field. This, he suggests, may cheer up Donald Knuth.
Burr Hole Aspiration of Brain Abscess in Children with Cyanotic Heart Disease.

Objective To determine the efficacy of burr hole aspiration of brain abscess in children with cyanotic heart disease in terms of number of aspirations and residual abscess. Study design Experimental study. Place and duration of study Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery at The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Multan, from July 2010 to June 2014. Methodology Pediatric patients of cyanotic heart disease with brain abscess were admitted. After taking history, clinical examination and necessary investigation, aspiration of abscess through a burr hole was performed. Data was collected through pre-designed proforma. Analysis of results was performed and comparison was made through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-20). Results Total number of patients were 50 with 31 (62%) male and 19 (38%) female children. Patients' age ranged from 5-10 years with mean age of 7.44 ±1.11 years. Single abscess in supra tentorial was commonly found in 44 (88%) patients. Multiple abscesses were present in 4 (8%) patients. Cerebellum was involved in 2 (4%) patients. Abscess was completely aspirated in single attempt in 37 (74%) patients, two attempts in 9 (18%) patients, and three attempts in 4 (8%) patients. No bacterial growth on culture was reported in 32 (64%) patients. Culture was positive in 18 (36%) patients. Postoperative hematoma developed in 2 (4%) patients. No mortality was reported in early postoperative period. Conclusion Aspiration of brain abscess in children with cyanotic heart disease through a burr hole is safe and successful.