cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Socialization, Economic Self-Efficacy, and the Attainment of Financial Independence in Early Adulthood

The attainment of financial independence is a key marker of the contemporary transition to adulthood. In this study we ask, how do young adults gain the capacity to support themselves? We contend that communication about work in the family during adolescence is an important precursor of economic self-efficacy during adolescence, which is positively associated with financial independence in early adulthood. Drawing upon rich longitudinal data that span adolescence and young adulthood, we first ask whether family communication and socialization practices surrounding work and finances influence the development of ways of thinking about oneself that imply self-reliance and confidence in the economic domain (economic self-efficacy). Second, we assess whether economic self-efficacy, measured during adolescence, has a long-term influence on the transition to adulthood, status attainment, and financial independence. Our findings indicate that direct communications about work with parents foster the development of economic self-efficacy. This positive dimension of the self-concept fosters achievement during the transition to adulthood (e.g., educational achievement, employment status, and income attainment), which, in turn, heighten financial independence in early adulthood.
Shuffling toward oblivion: The long walk of the fat body

ABSTRACTThe authors use poststructuralist analysis to examine the portrayal of the fat body as “flawed” through the lens of Stephen King’s The Long Walk, a novel about the contestants of an annual walking competition held in a dystopian, totalitarian version of the United States. The story can be read as an allegory of the way society treats bodies coded as “fat,” where the pejorative myth of the fat body is used to force “help” on these individuals as a result of their physicality being perceived as a moral weakness.
Demo Abstract: Mobile Sensing to Improve Medication Adherence

One of major challenges in chronic disease self-management is the lack of medication adherence. Despite the proliferation of mobile technologies, the potential of using pervasive computing solutions for improved medication management has remained almost unexplored. In this paper, we present a smart-phone based system capable of delivering adaptive activity-aware medication reminders by learning the user’s activity of daily living and detecting the most appropriate and effective timing for medication reminders centered around the initial user-specified schedule.
Recent developments in neurobiology: Part I. Synaptic transmission.

Although much is known about the biology of major psychiatric disorders, our understanding of the pathophysiology and of the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs has been disappointingly fragmentary. For example, while it has long seemed obvious that the antidepressants and neuroleptics exert their therapeutic effects by acting on central monoamine neurons or their postsynaptic targets, 1 a robust understanding of what this means in terms of the overall workings of the brain remained elusive. Recent changes in our understanding of how neurons process information, combined with the techniques of molecular genetics, hold out promise for a more meaningful synthesis in the coming years. Because of the rapidity with which new developments have appeared, it is worth reviewing some areas that have potential relevance to psychiatry. After briefly reviewing the principles of synaptic transmission, this series will focus in turn on neurotransmitters, receptors, and the effectors of receptor-mediated signaling.
Pili of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli from Pigs and Calves

The ability to colonize mucosal surfaces is an important attribute that is required for the virulence of most bacterial pathogens Both invasive and noninvasive bacteria must proliferate and ultimately achieve sufficient populations on mucosal surfaces to cause disease. Various physiologic functions of mammals tend to reduce the size of bacterial populations in vivo. When bacteria are potentially pathogenic, these functions provide a defensive mechanism against disease. The flow of fluids and particulate matter in small intestines due to peristalsis and villus pumping helps to keep bacterial populations low. In the small intestines of man where bacterial populations are normally small, any overgrowth that results from a cesation of flow has the potential to be coupled to a disease process. In the large intestine, where the rate of flow becomes quite slow, bacterial populations are naturally higher and ecologically complex.
Out of the Frying Pan, Into the Fire: Trauma in the Lives of Homeless Youth Prior to and During Homelessness

Anecdotal evidence from those who work with homeless youth indicates that trauma permeates these young people’s lives. This paper presents the findings from a study of 100 homeless youth regarding the presence of trauma in their lives, both before and during homelessness. Participants living in the Maritime Provinces volunteered to take part in a semi-structured interview lasting one to two hours. The interview questionnaire was conducted by a trained interviewer, and was composed of standardized and adapted survey instruments, as well as questions regarding demographics, experiences prior to becoming homeless, assistance received while dealing with stressors, and current needs. The results indicate that trauma is both a cause and a consequence of youth being homeless, as a large majority of participants experienced a number of types of highly stressful events both preceding and during homelessness, and that trauma in the lives of both male and female homeless youth should be understood as a pervasive reality with serious implications. Implications for service delivery are discussed.
Extracapsular local infiltration analgesia in hip arthroscopy: a retrospective study.

Many hip arthroscopy patients experience significant pain in the immediate postoperative period. Although peripheral nerve blocks have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating some of this pain, they come with significant costs. Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) may be a significantly cheaper and efficacious treatment modality. Although LIA has been well studied in hip and knee arthroplasty, its efficacy in hip arthroscopy is unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine the efficacy of a single extracapsular injection of bupivacaine-epinephrine during hip arthroscopy in reducing the rate of elective postoperative femoral nerve blocks. A retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy at a single medical center was performed. The control group consisted of 50 patients before the implementation of the current LIA protocol, whereas another 50 patients received a 20-ml extracapsular injection of 0.25% bupivacaine-epinephrine under direct arthroscopic visualization after capsular closure. In the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), patients were offered a femoral nerve block for uncontrolled pain. The rate of femoral nerve block, and total opioid consumption, was compared between groups. The proportion of patients receiving elective femoral nerve blocks was significantly less in the LIA group (34%) as compared with the control group (56%; P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in total PACU opioid consumption between groups (P = 0.740). The decreased utilization of postoperative nerve blocks observed in the LIA group suggests that LIA may improve postoperative pain management and should be considered as a potentially cost-effective tool in pain management in hip arthroscopy patients. Level of Evidence: III.
Preparing for Filming

We started the process of filmmaking with brainstorming and storyboarding. During this procedure, you figured out what media you needed and how to piece these elements into a story. There is a good chance that you have already visualized what certain shots in your film will look like. Now, the burden is on you to procure or capture the necessary footage. You may be temped to be brash and jump into the field with your camera blazing. This is a great mentality for a fun day, however when filming is part of a business or other’s expectations are riding on your footage, some structure is advantageous. How can you take action to prepare for your future days of filming? This chapter reviews tried and true methods for putting all of your ducks in a row before you need to be on the set, in the lab or roaming the conference shooting video.
Remembering, Reflecting, Reckoning: German Women and the Long Shadow of National Socialism

The present moment in Germany is marked by efforts to reckon with the Nazi past on both public and private levels. The research presented here, based on interviews with twenty-nine non-Jewish Germa...
Toward the total synthesis of citreamicin η: Synthesis of the pentacyclic core and GAB-ring annelation model studies

Abstract A short 11-step synthesis of the pentacyclic core of the polycyclic xanthone antibiotic citreamicin η has been completed. Although the basic approach was inspired by our previous explorations of polycyclic xanthone chemistry, the present report features some new insights into the Moore rearrangement and offers some improvements to our original methodology that include additions of aryllithiums to squarate esters, additions of cerium acetylides to hindered ketones utilizing PDA as an internal indicator, and the use of cyclic di-tert-butylsilyl (DTBS) ethers to protect electron-rich benzyl alcohols toward ionization under acidic conditions. We also developed an improved protocol for selective o-bromination of phenols utilizing N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) that promises to be generally useful. Finally, we developed a modular approach for the synthesis of isoquinolones and dihydro-5H-oxazolo[3,2-b]isoquinoline-2,5(3H)-diones that features a novel sequence of alkoxycarbonylation, acetone arylation, transamidation.
The Social Psychology of Immigration and Inequality

Immigration and inequality are inextricably intertwined. Inequality is an important determinant of immigration, and immigration in turn generates powerful inequalities. The study of immigration and inequality is not usually considered “social psychological.” Yet social psychology provides general conceptual tools which can illuminate not only the inner workings of immigration and inequality but also their deep connections and affinities with phenomena and processes in farflung domains. Accordingly, this chapter explores the social psychology of immigration and inequality. We adopt the strategy of starting both from basic theory and from inductive exploration of immigration and inequality. As will be seen, the two approaches touch, suggesting that someday, with the growth of knowledge, they will converge. Basic theory yields a wealth of testable predictions for the relations between natives and immigrants and between different types of immigrants, including predictions for emigration, social distance, discrimination, segregation, profiling, and assimilation. Inductive exploration yields a wealth of testable propositions, including propositions about types of migrants, the effects of U.S. immigration law on sibship inequality, and the black immigrants and native U.S. citizens who may help eradicate racial and color inequality. Both approaches increase knowledge, not least by pointing to theoretical and empirical lacunae as well as data deficiencies. Each approach nurtures and spurs the other—basic theory by challenging empiricalists to test the theoretical predictions, inductive exploration by challenging theorists to incorporate new terms (such as rights) and to derive new predictions.
Helical actuation on a soft inflated robot body

Continuum and soft robots can leverage routed actuation schemes to take on useful shapes with few actuated degrees of freedom. The addition of vine-like growth to soft continuum robots opens up possibilities for creating deployable structures from compact packages and allowing manipulation and grasping of objects in cluttered or difficult-to-navigate environments. Helical shapes, with constant curvature and torsion, provide a starting point for the shapes and actuation strategies required for such applications. Building on the geometric and static solutions for continuum robot kinematics given constant curvature assumptions, we develop a static model of helical actuation and present the implementation and validation of this model. We also discuss the forces applied by the soft robot when wrapped around an object that deforms the static shape, allowing a quantification of grasping capabilities.
Calibrator assay of I-123 using a commercially available copper filter

2420 Objectives In the last several years, there has been an increase in the use of I-123 radiopharmaceuticals. Significant variation in the dose calibrator activity readouts for I-123 have been observed in glass vials and plastic syringes. The aim of the study was to evaluate a commercially available copper filter to accurately assay I-123 in a dose calibrator. Methods A 0.5 mm commercially available copper filter (Biodex Medical) was utilized. The degree of attenuation by the copper filter was analyzed by obtaining a I-123 energy spectrum with a multichannel analyzer. The degree of activity attenuated by syringes and glass vials was determined by placing an I-123 capsule into various plastic syringes (5-20 mL) and into five vials (various thickness) and activity measured in a dose calibrator. A new calibration dial setting was obtained with a copper filter in a Biodex Atomlab 500 dose calibrator by placing a manufactures stated I-123 vial and syringe activity in a dose calibrator and changing the dial setting to reflect the stated activity. Results As demonstrated by the I-123 energy spectrum, the copper filter was effective at removing the low energy characteristic x-rays. I-123 dose calibrator activity readouts were significantly reduced in glass vials (18-34%) and minimally reduced in plastic syringes. A calibration dial setting of 44.5 was experimentally determined when using a copper filter in a Atomlab 500 dose calibrator. Accurate activity measurements with the new dial values were observed in both glass vial and plastic syringes. Conclusions The use of a commercially available copper filter was shown to significantly reduce/eliminate low energy I-123 x-rays. The use of a copper filter with a dose calibrator was effective in accurately measuring I-123 activity in syringes and glass vials using an experimentally determined new single dial setting of 44.5
Nutritional In-Hospital Management of Chronic Diarrhea in Children

Throughout the world, diarrhea is responsible for a large portion of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children (Amin-Zali, 1971; Kielmann and McCord, 1977; Thomas and Tillett, 1975; Walker and Harry, 1972). Examination of the causes of death in 13 Latin American areas emphasizes the significance of this disease. It was the underlying cause of death in over 40% of the deaths in children under 5 (excluding neonatal deaths). In over 60% of the deaths from diarrhea, moderate or severe malnutrition was an associated cause (Panamerican Health Organization, 1973). If the cure rates in Latin America were comparable to the cure rates in the United States, 98% of the 1969 Latin American deaths from diarrhea would have been prevented.
Converting Truss Interlandmark Distances to Cartesian Coordinates

Coordinate-based landmark data are required to use many of the recent advances in morphometrics, although interlandmark distance measurements were used extensively in the past. In many cases the latter are still being used in morphometric research. The conversion of distance data to coordinate data is not straightforward because insufficient measurement redundancy among landmarks and measurement error obscures the possibility of direct geometric reconstruction. Iterative multivariate methods and redundant measurements, such as the truss protocol, allow for a reasonably accurate conversion of interlandmark distance data into coordinate landmark data. We examine two multidimensional scaling methods for making this conversion. One is based on the nonmetric method found in the statistical package, NTSYS-pc, and the other is a simplified weighted least squares method tailored for this type of conversion. The latter method is amenable to heuristic modification and found to be more accurate than the former, although the NTSYS-pc based method may be more convenient for some users.
The Perceptions and Goals of Special Education Advocacy Trainees

Although the field of special education advocacy is growing, little is known about the perceptions and goals of individuals who participate in advocacy trainings. It is important to understand why individuals want advocacy training to design more effective programs and determine whether training meets participant expectations. In this study, we evaluated the perceptions of 142 participants who completed the Volunteer Advocacy Project (VAP), a special education advocacy training. Using participants’ responses to open-ended questions on the VAP application, we examined the perceptions of caregivers and professionals to understand their motivations for becoming advocates, their plans for using their newfound knowledge and skills, and their perceptions of the attributes of special education advocates. Findings indicated some key differences between caregivers and professionals in their reasons for becoming advocates and plans for using their newfound knowledge and skills. Participants wanted to become special education advocates to help their own child (if they were caregivers) and to help others. Participants planned to use their newfound knowledge and skills to advocate and to provide service to the community at three levels depending on their role: school, community, and state/national. Finally, regardless of role, participants perceived warmth, competence, and grit to be necessary attributes of successful advocates. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Neuroanatomical correlates of sensory deficits in children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke.

Aim Our aim was to characterize the sensory processing outcome following neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) and identify neuroanatomical correlates of abnormal sensory processing. Method We evaluated children with NAIS longitudinally at 12 months, 18 months, and/or 30 months in areas of cognitive, motor, and language development. We gathered sensory processing data using the Sensory Profile-2 Caregiver Questionnaire. These data were analyzed against early magnetic resonance imaging using a voxel-based approach. Results Eighteen children (10 males, 8 females) with NAIS were evaluated longitudinally, of which six exhibited atypical sensory processing. Children with sensory processing deficits had lower overall developmental scores in motor, cognitive, and language domains. Neuroanatomical correlates were identified in the posterior periventricular white matter extending superiorly into the supramarginal gyrus, and inferiorly into the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri. Interpretation Our results provide new evidence that children with NAIS may experience difficulty processing sensory information, which is most likely associated with injuries in the posterior periventricular white matter, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and posterior thalamic radiation. What this paper adds Atypical sensory processing is common in children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). NAIS territories in sensory areas were correlated with atypical sensory processing behaviors. Children with NAIS may benefit from early interventions targeted toward sensory processing. Future research mapping NAIS injuries using early magnetic resonance imaging may predict long-term outcomes.
Diffractive deep neural networks for all-optical machine learning (Conference Presentation)

Deep learning is a class of machine learning techniques that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks for automated analysis of signals or data. The name comes from the general structure of deep neural networks, which consist of several layers of artificial neurons, each performing a nonlinear operation, stacked over each other. Beyond its main stream applications such as the recognition and labeling of specific features in images, deep learning holds numerous opportunities for revolutionizing image formation, reconstruction and sensing fields. In fact, deep learning is mysteriously powerful and has been surprising optics researchers in what it can achieve for advancing optical microscopy, and introducing new image reconstruction and transformation methods. From physics-inspired optical designs and devices, we are moving toward data-driven designs that will holistically change both optical hardware and software of next generation microscopy and sensing, blending the two in new ways. In this presentation, I will provide an overview of some of our recent work on the use of deep neural networks in advancing computational imaging systems, also covering their biomedical applications. Furthermore, I will go over an all-optical framework to implement various functions after deep learning-based design of passive diffractive layers that work collectively.
Whose North America is it? “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.”

Responding to the question, “Whose North America is it?,” this essay argues North America does not belong to anyone. As a Sonoran Desert Tohono O’odham said of the mountain: “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.” Contrasting Native American and Euro-American views of the natural world, the essay maintains that European immigrants introduced the startling concept of Cartesian duality. Accepting a division between spiritual and material, they viewed the natural world as physical matter, devoid of spirituality. North America’s First People saw it differently: they perceived the Earth/Universe as a spiritual community of reciprocal relationships bound by intricate ties of kinship and respect. This clash has shaped American history. From the sixteenth century forward, many European immigrants envisioned land ownership as a dream. Creators of the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution thrust “happiness”/“property” into the nation’s mythology. Southern Euro-Americans claimed “ownership” of African Americans, defining them as “property”; Native Americans resisted Euro-Americans’ enforcement of land ownership ideology; by the late 1800s, Euro-Americans’ view of the natural world as physical matter spurred massive extraction of natural resources. The Cartesian duality persisted, but, given its dubious legacy, Native Americans question the wisdom of this interpretation of the natural world.
Digital ischemia in Behçet’s disease: case-based review

Behcet’s disease is a rare chronic autoimmune disease affecting primarily Middle and East Asian populations between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Behcet’s disease manifests with oral and genital mucocutaneous lesions, ocular disease, venous thrombosis, and central nervous system degradation. Treatment can be challenging and may require immunosuppressive agents and/or topical wound-care. While larger vascular involvement has been reported, digital ischemia due to small-vessel involvement has not been well described in the literature. Based on a systematic literature review, we were only able to find seven published cases of limb ischemia, none of which reported digital involvement. We present a unique case of Behcet’s disease with severe digital ischemia and ulceration caused by small-vessel involvement. The patient was managed successfully with antiplatelet, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories with complete resolution of the ischemic symptoms. By focusing on small-vessel involvement and digital ischemia, we provide insight into clinical presentation and treatment for this very rare vascular manifestation of Behcet’s disease.
Coccoid Helicobacter pylori: An uncommon form of a common pathogen

Microscopic recognition remains a major component of diagnosing specific infectious agents or, at the minimum, an important first step in initiating a workup to confirm a specific infectious etiology. However, organisms are known to adapt in response to treatment, not only by developing resistance mechanisms but also undergoing major morphologic changes in some cases. Such morphologic adaptation can make them drastically different and hence difficult to recognize or characterize by an unwary examiner. The purpose of this article is to highlight a rare and unusual form of Helicobacter pylori referred to as coccoid H. pylori.
You Can't Always Blame the Chemo: A Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient with Invasive Ductal Cell Carcinoma of the Breast.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency characterized by metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities, observed during the destruction of tumor cells. While it is commonly seen during cytotoxic treatment of hematologic malignancies, it is rarely seen or suspected in solid tumors. The incidence of spontaneous tumor lysis (before cancer treatment) in solid malignancies is even rarer. Herein, we present the case of a spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) in a woman who presented with chest pain and was found to have metastatic ductal cell carcinoma of the breast. She presented with acute renal failure and demonstrated all laboratory derangements consistent with TLS, despite not being on chemotherapy. Fortunately, her clinical status improved with prompt treatment, but the long-term effects of TLS can be fatal if not recognized and managed immediately. This case highlights that early recognition and appropriate treatment can be lifesaving. Furthermore, it demonstrates the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion in all patients with malignancy, whether hematologic or solid, of the possibility of TLS, even in the absence of chemotherapy.
Working on inflammatory injury in heart transplant

Ex vivo perfusion for preservation of donor hearts may be improved by preventing inflammatory tissue injury, including through mechanical work.
Training in Neurology: Identifying and addressing struggling colleagues in the era of physician burnout.

Careers in medicine are rewarding, but fraught with challenges that can contribute to burnout, depression, and substance abuse. Burnout is classically defined as chronic workplace stress that has not been managed successfully, and is measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which addresses (1) emotional exhaustion, (2) feelings of cynicism and detachment (depersonalization), and (3) a sense of low personal accomplishment.1 Serial surveys demonstrate that neurologists are more likely than the average physician to experience burnout.1 Over half of neurologists and neurology trainees in the United States report at least one dimension of burnout.2,3
Diagnostic accuracy of abdominal ultrasound to detect pathology that needs surgical exploration in children with umbilical discharge

Background: Umbilical discharge is common in children and mostly attributed to infection or granuloma. However, an underlying congenital abnormality warranting surgery might also be present. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose the presence of a congenital abnormality. The aim of this study is to investigate diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound to detect pathology requiring surgical excision. Methods: All patients ≤ 18 years with umbilical discharge from January 2008 to September 2019 were retrospectively included. Diagnostic accuracy, i.e., sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR +) and negative likelihood ratio (LR −), were calculated. Results: Eighty-one patients were included and 56 were operated. The ultrasound was false positive in 10 patients and false negative in 13 patients. The sensitivity of ultrasound was 71.1% (95% CI 55.7–83.6), specificity 72.2% (54.8–85.8), PPV 76.2% (64.7–84.8), NPV 66.7% (54.8–76.8), LR + 2.6 (1.5–4.5) and LR − 0.40 (0.2–0.7). Conclusions: This study shows that the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for detecting underlying congenital abnormalities warranting surgery for umbilical discharge in the pediatric population is low, even with experienced pediatric radiologists. Therefore, the role of the ultrasound in the diagnostic workup and value in clinical decision making is limited. Type of study: Study of diagnostic test. Level of evidence: III
OPG-Fc treatment partially rescues low bone mass phenotype in mature Bgn/Fmod deficient mice but is deleterious to the young mouse skeleton

Abstract Biglycan (Bgn) and Fibromodulin (Fmod) are small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) which are abundant in the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of mineralized tissues. We have previously generated a Bgn/Fmod double knock-out (DKO) mouse model and found it has a 3-fold increase in osteoclastogenesis compared with Wild type (WT) controls, resulting in a markedly low bone mass (LBM) phenotype. To try and rescue/repair the LBM phenotype of Bgn/Fmod DKO mice by suppressing osteoclast formation and activity, 3- and 26-week-old Bgn/Fmod DKO mice and age/gender matched WT controls were treated with OPG-Fc for 6 weeks after which bone parameters were evaluated using DEXA, micro-computed tomography (μCT) and serum biomarkers analyses. In the appendicular skeleton, OPG-Fc treatment improved some morphometric and geometric parameters in both the trabecular and cortical compartments in Bgn/Fmod DKO female and male mice, especially in the repair module. For many of the skeletal parameters analyzed, the Bgn/Fmod DKO mice were more responsive to the treatment than their WT controls. In addition, we found that OPG-Fc treatment was not able to prevent or ameliorate the formation of ectopic ossification, which are common lesions seen in aged joints and are one of the phenotypical hallmarks of our Bgn/Fmod DKO model. Analysis of skull bones, specifically the occipital bone, showed the treatment recovered some parameters of LBM phenotype in the craniofacial skeleton, more so in the younger rescue module. Using OPG-Fc as treatment alleviated, yet did not completely restore, the severe osteopenia and mineralized tissue structural abnormalities that Bgn/Fmod DKO mice suffer from.
Adverse Birth Outcomes Among Women of Advanced Maternal Age With and Without Health Conditions in Maryland.

Abstract Background Advanced maternal age (AMA) has been linked to both higher risk of adverse birth outcomes and higher levels of comorbidities. It is unclear if adverse outcomes are higher for older healthy women. This study examined the association between AMA and adverse birth outcomes among women with and without preexisting and pregnancy-related health conditions. Methods Analysis of data for 14,933 singleton births between 2004 and 2015 from the population-based Maryland Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System was conducted, comparing women aged 20–34 years and 35 years and older. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the difference in odds of preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW) by age group among women with and without health conditions. The analysis of women without health conditions was stratified by parity. Results Among women without health conditions, AMA was associated with higher odds of PTB regardless of birthweight, LBW regardless of term, LBW term births, and LBW PTBs; stratified analysis showed higher risk of these outcomes among both older primiparas and multiparas. Compared with younger women with hypertensive disorders, older women with similar health conditions had higher odds of PTB regardless of birthweight. Older women with asthma had higher odds of LBW term births. Conclusions AMA is associated with adverse birth outcomes among women with and without health conditions compared with younger women with similar health status. Improved screening and management of health conditions during pregnancy is needed for older women, regardless of parity.
The influence of a non-isocyanate urethane monomer in the film formation and mechanical properties of homogeneous and core-shell latexes

Abstract A urethane methacrylate monomer, 2-((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate, (MEM), was synthesized via a non-isocyanate pathway and incorporated into latexes using a semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. Homogeneous and core-shell latexes were prepared using MEM, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). Narrow particle size distribution and high conversion was achieved for all latexes. Core-shell structure was corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal properties, viscoelastic, mechanical properties and morphology were evaluated and compared as a function of increasing concentration of the urethane methacrylate monomer. Enhanced viscoelastic and mechanical properties were obtained with higher MEM content in both homogeneous and core-shell latexes. Incorporation of MEM into latexes lowered the minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) and also enhanced the extent of film formation. Core-shell latexes displayed higher storage modulus, Young's modulus, tensile strength and hardness compared to homogeneous latexes due to the combination of hard core and the pendent urethane present in the continuous phase (shell).
FIR Collective Scattering from the UCLA Microtor Tokamak

The anomalous transport and energy loss observed in present toroidal magnetic fusion confinement devices may be due to low frequency microturbulence [1]. One way of studying such turbulence has been to scatter microwave or CO 2 laser radiation from small-scale density fluctuations [2-8]. As long as the scattering parameter α = 1/kλ D ≃ λ O /4Πλ sin(θ/2) ≳ 1, one obtains information about collective fluctuations. The problem with both CO 2 and microwave scattering is that if one satisfies the abovementioned criterion it is not possible to simultaneously provide a localized scattering measurement and good wavenumber resolution. On the other hand, FIR laser scattering is ideally suited to magnetic fusion parameters and easily provides spatial resolution Δx ≃ 1.5-3 cm while providing wavenumber resolution Δk ≳ 3 cm−1 FWHM. An additional bonus arises from the ease of changing incident laser wavelength, thereby increasing the range of instability wavenumbers which can be investigated (k ≃ 4Πsin(θ/2)/λ O ).
Cocaine and Levamisole Induced Vasculitis.

Levamisole adulterated cocaine is a rare cause of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis. It is increasingly diagnosed because of raised awareness; however, it is still underdiagnosed in part because of its rarity and patients not reporting cocaine use. Here we report a case of levamisole-induced vasculitis. We present a 48-year-old non-Hispanic white male with a past medical history significant for Crohn’s Disease and pneumonia who presented with acute bilateral ear pain and rash. His urinary drug screen was positive, which prompted suspicion of contamination and potential levamisole adulterated cocaine-associated vasculitis. A punch biopsy showed evidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and multiple fibrin thrombi further supporting contamination with levamisole. We believe this case highlights the importance of using patient history in guiding diagnostic testing in the setting of acute vasculitis. Once the history of illicit substance use was confirmed, our differential diagnosis and considerations for treatment significantly changed.
Population-based Incidence and Clinico-radiological Characteristics of Tumefactive Demyelination in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA.

Background Tumefactive demyelination (TD) presents with large inflammatory lesions mimicking tumors or other space-occupying lesions. Limited epidemiology, clinical and radiologic data exist. We report incidence rate, clinical and radiological features in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with CNS inflammatory demyelination-related diagnostic codes (1/1/98-12/31/18) via the Rochester Epidemiology Project database with incidence rates by age and sex adjusted to the 2010 US total population. We used the Expanded Disability Status Scale score (EDSS) to assess outcomes (index attack and last follow-up). Results 15/792 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (8 males,7 females) had Tumefactive MS, representing 1.9% of the MS population. Median attack-onset age was 34.2 years (range 2-61). Tumefactive lesion was the first clinical MS attack in 8/16 patients. CSF oligoclonal bands (OCBs) were present in 8/12 patients. 11/16 patients met Barkhof criteria for dissemination in space. Most remained fully ambulatory (EDSS ≤4 in 13/16 [81%]) after median follow-up duration of 10.5 years (range 1-20.5). Age-adjusted annual incidence rates were 0.46/100,000 [95% CI: 0.12-0.81] for females, 0.66/100,000 [95% CI: 0.23-1.02] for males, and overall 0.56/100,000 [95% CI: 0.28-0.83]. When age- and sex-adjusted to the 2010 US total population, overall annual incidence rate was 0.57 [95% CI: 0.28-0.84]. Despite aggressive clinical presentation at disease onset, most patients remained fully ambulatory (EDSS≤4 in 13/16) with a relapsing-remitting course. Conclusions Although incidence is rare, TD should be suspected in patients presenting with subacutely progressive neurological deficits associated with MRI findings of ring enhancement, ADC restriction, and OCB on spinal fluid analysis.
The Possibility of a Fair Paretian

In my preceding article, I respond to the claim that the weak Pareto principle implies welfarism.1 Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell make this claim in a series of recent papers.2 In my article, I have consistently adopted the definition of welfarism that is standard among social choice theorists.3 Under this standard definition, welfarism "restricts the information that can be utilized in ranking social states to utility information corresponding to those social states."4 In their prior writings, Kaplow and Shavell have indicated that they intend to refer to this same concept.5 They contrast
Designing U.S. Corn Grades to Reflect End Use Value

The 1986 U.S. Grain Quality Improvement Act introduced an explicit, economic purpose for grades—that they transmit information about end use value—but provided little guidance about what factors to include in grades. We determine which quality characteristics best reflect the processed value of U.S. corn in the case of a Japanese wet miller. Foreign material is the only grade factor closely related to processed value, but a large number of nongrade attributes, many of which reflect the intrinsic properties of corn, are found to vary substantially across shipments and to provide extensive information about value. Recommendations for U.S. grades are made.
Currency at the Speed of Light: Suitability of the Foreign Exchange Market for High-Frequency Trading

High-frequency trading has undergone momentous evolution within the past decade, to the point to where it now accounts for a major percentage of global exchange traded securities. However, its application to the global foreign exchange market has been relatively limited. Correspondingly, the amount of literary review and research on the topic has been similarly inadequate. This article examines the characteristics and determinants that contribute to the particular suitability of the foreign exchange market for high-frequency trading. This examination suggests that a new paradigm has evolved within the foreign exchange market—one that is highly apposite for high-frequency trading strategies.
Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

The number of centers providing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy to newborns with intractable respiratory failure has grown dramatically. The ECMO registry now includes 37 institutions in the United States,1 and there may be additional centers offering ECMO but not participating in the registry. To date, more than 1,400 patients have been treated with ECMO with a survival rate exceeding 80%. Widespread acceptance of ECMO therapy has been accomplished despite a paucity of controlled clinical trials2 and without the benefit of long-term follow-up of survivors. Initial fervor about neonatal ECMO has stemmed from the excellent survival statistics cited by most of the earlier investigators.2-4
Response of the gravid uterus at term to intranasal oxytocin as determined by intra-amniotic fluid pressure recordings.

Abstract Intranasal oxytocin spray was administered to 15 pregnant women at or near term for the induction or stimulation of labor. The effect was recorded and measured by the intra-amniotic catheter technique of registering uterine contractility. The response to oxytocin administered by the intranasal route was compared with the response elicited by the intravenous route. Uterine activity resulting from the administration of one spray to each nostril was slightly greater than the response obtained by the administration of 0.7 mU. per minute of oxytocin continuously for 15 minutes. The corresponding activity due to a second spray, administered at the mean time of 41 minutes after the first spray, was approximately equal to the activity obtained by the intravenous administration of 1.5 mU. per minute continuously for 15 minutes. Uterine response to the intranasal spray of oxytocin occurred within 6 minutes (standard deviation ±2 minutes, 15 seconds). We feel that the intravenous administration of oxytocin is more precise and more readily controlled than oxytocin administered by nasal spray, and is the method of choice under ordinary conditions.
Word Sense Disambiguation for Vocabulary Learning

Words with multiple meanings are a phenomenon inherent to any natural language. In this work, we study the effects of such lexical ambiguities on second language vocabulary learning. We demonstrate that machine learning algorithms for word sense disambiguation can induce classifiers that exhibit high accuracy at the task of disambiguating homonyms (words with multiple distinct meanings). Results from a user study that compared two versions of a vocabulary tutoring system, one that applied word sense disambiguation to support learning and another that did not, support rejection of the null hypothesis that learning outcomes with and without word sense disambiguation are equivalent, with a p-value of 0.001. To our knowledge this is the first work that investigates the efficacy of word sense disambiguation for facilitating second language vocabulary learning.
Children's introduction to alcohol use: sips and tastes.

Background: Sipping or tasting alcohol is one of the earliest alcohol use behaviors in which young children engage, yet there is relatively little research on this behavior. The present research describes the prevalence of sipping or tasting in a community sample of children, examines the sociodemographic correlates and social contexts of this behavior, and tests whether variables reflecting psychosocial problem-behavior proneness, that predict adolescent drinking, account for this behavior. Methods: A sample of 452 children (238 girls) aged 8 or 10 and their families was drawn from Allegheny County PA using targeted-age directory sampling and random digit dialing procedures. Children were interviewed using computer-assisted interviews. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the univariate and multivariate correlates of sipping/tasting. Results: Thirty-nine percent of the sample had only sipped or tasted alcohol (35% of 8 year olds and 48% of 10 year olds), while 6% reported having had a drink of alcohol (5% and 7%, respectively). African-American children were less likely than White children to be sippers. Neither gender nor mother's education related to sipping status. Most sipping was done in a family context. Sipping/tasting did not generally relate to variables reflecting psychosocial proneness for problem behavior. Instead, the variables most predictive of sipping/tasting were perceived parents' drinking status, perceived parents' approval for child sipping, mother's drinking frequency, and children's attitudes toward sipping/tasting alcohol. Conclusions: Young children's sipping/tasting of alcohol reflects parental modeling of alcohol use and increased opportunities to try alcohol in the home rather than deliberate family socialization of alcohol use, and appears not to be a precocious manifestation of a psychosocial proneness to engage in problem behavior. Language: en
Making Science Seen: Le Corbusier's Photomural at the Pavillon Suisse

Le Corbusier aligned science with Modern movement architecture. At the opening of the Pavillon Suisse in 1933, he was directed by the Pavillon’s president to ‘cover up’ the exposed stone wall in the building’s lounge-dining room. Opposed to the decorative arts, Le Corbusier conceived of a photomural comprised of highly scientific, dramatically enlarged ‘new vision’ views of nature, artistically composed and integrated into the building. The mural imaged science and high technology, metaphorically aligning both with the new architecture. The provincial press understood the mural as propaganda exuding the virtues of high materialism. Andre Breton praised the mural as an example of ‘concrete irrationality’ that set the ‘objectin crisis’. Like beauty, Le Corbusier’s picture of science resided, it seemed, in the eye of the beholder. This paper proceeds by interpreting Le Corbusier’s early works as ‘exhibition’, underscoring notions of propaganda and mobility in Modern movement architecture, and then details the demand for the Pavillion Suisse photomural, its make-up, and the assessment of the mural by the press and by artists. It attempts to illuminate one way of making science visible while underscoring the ambiguity of visual imagery in an age when science carried great authority.
Photoemission extended x-ray-absorption fine structure from clean and Al-covered InP(110) surfaces

Note: Univ wisconsin,synchrotron radiat ctr,stoughton,wi 53589. univ wisconsin,dept phys,stoughton,wi 53589. Choudhary, km, univ notre dame,notre dame,in 46556.ISI Document Delivery No.: P3357 Reference LSE-ARTICLE-1988-007doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.38.1566 Record created on 2006-10-03, modified on 2017-05-12
Myocyte injury along myofibers in left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is considered to contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Though myofiber organization is a key component of cardiac structure, functional and anatomical features of injured myofiber during LV remodeling have not been fully defined. We investigated myocyte injury after acute MI in a mouse model. Mice were subjected to surgical coronary occlusion/reperfusion by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation and examined at 1 week and 4 weeks post-MI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in systolic regional wall thickening (WT) in the border and remote zones at 4 weeks post-MI compared to that at 1 week post-MI (-86% in border zone, P<0.05, and -77% in remote zone, P<0.05). Histological assays demonstrated that a broad fibrotic scar extended from the initial infarct zone to the remote zone along mid-circumferential myofibers. Of particular note was the fact that no fibrosis was found in longitudinal myofibers in the epi- and endo-myocardium. This pattern of the scar formation coincided with the helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) model, introduced by Torrent-Guasp. MRI analysis demonstrated that the extension of the fibrotic scar along the band might account for the progression in cardiac dysfunction during LV remodeling.