cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal prenatal depression predicts infant negative affect via maternal inflammatory cytokine levels

Abstract Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with risk for offspring emotional and behavioral problems, but the mechanisms by which this association occurs are not known. Infant elevated negative affect (increased crying, irritability, fearfulness, etc.) is a key risk factor for future psychopathology, so understanding its determinants has prevention and early intervention potential. An understudied yet promising hypothesis is that maternal mood affects infant mood via maternal prenatal inflammatory mechanisms, but this has not been prospectively examined in humans. Using data from a pilot study of women followed from the second trimester of pregnancy through six months postpartum (N = 68) our goal was to initiate a prospective study as to whether maternal inflammatory cytokines mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and infant offspring negative affect. The study sample was designed to examine a broad range of likely self-regulation and mood-regulation problems in offspring; to that end we over-selected women with a family history or their own history of elevated symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Results supported the hypothesis: maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines during the third trimester (indexed using a latent variable that included plasma interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations as indicators) mediated the effect, such that higher maternal depressive symptoms were associated with higher maternal inflammation, and this mediated the effect on maternal report of infant negative affect (controlling for maternal affect during the infant period). This is the first human study to demonstrate that maternal inflammatory cytokines mediate the association between prenatal depression and infant outcomes, and the first to demonstrate a biological mechanism through which depressive symptoms impact infant temperament.
The mycobacterial Rv1551 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase enhances phospholipid biosynthesis in cell lysates of Escherichia coli

Latent tuberculosis is caused by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that is phenotypically tolerant to antibiotics. Dormant Mtb accumulates triacylglycerol (TAG) utilizing fatty acids obtained from macrophage lipid droplets. The Rv1551 (PlsB1) gene is annotated as a putative glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) in the Mtb genome. GPAT catalyzes the first step of the glycerophospholipid biosynthetic pathway that synthesizes the lipid precursors for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Although triacylglycerol biosynthesis is associated with Mtb dormancy, the functionality of the Rv1551 acyltransferase has not been investigated. We cloned the open reading frame of the Rv1551 acyltransferase and expressed it in Escherichia coli to study its function. We observed that E. coli cell lysates expressing Rv1551 displayed increased synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin from radiolabeled glycerol-3-phosphate and fatty acyl-coenzyme A precursors. When cultured in medium supplemented with long-chain fatty acids, E. coli expressing Rv1551 exhibited significantly higher viable cell counts during the exponential and stationary phases. These results suggest that Rv1551 displays function as a GPAT by enhancing the synthesis of phospholipids from exogenously provided fatty acids in E. coli cell lysates. This is the first report showing that Rv1551 is a functional GPAT that catalyzes the initial step of glycerophospholipid biosynthesis in the mycobacterial cell.
Application of lean manufacturing principles to improve a conceptual 238Pu supply process

Abstract The mission of the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy’s Pu-238 Supply Project is to rebuild capability to produce 238Pu at the kilogram scale in the U.S. This radioisotope is used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to power deep space probes, and the supply is dwindling. It was last produced in the U.S. in 1988. A conceptual design of a 238Pu supply process is described that uses existing processes and facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Radiochemical Engineering Development Center. The rate-limiting section of the conceptual process was analyzed using discrete-event system simulation to determine expected production rates, bottlenecks, and the effects of time delays on the production rate. Process alternatives were generated based on Lean Manufacturing principles, and those were examined and compared to the original process using simulation to identify better operating strategies.
Man with AIDS Presents with a Headache

A 48-year-old man with a history of human immunodeficiency virus infection diagnosed 10 years prior presented to the emergency department with a headache. His symptoms had begun 2 weeks earlier without any known trauma or trigger. The headache was diffuse, aching in quality, and constant throughout the day. One week before he noted associated dizziness and myalgias. Two days prior to presentation, his dizziness progressed, and he developed nausea and vomiting. He had subjective fevers with chills, neck stiffness, and decreased oral intake due to poor appetite.
Fexinidazole: a new drug for African sleeping sickness on the horizon.

Decades after the last new chemical entity was added to the pharmacopeia for human African trypanosomiasis (or sleeping sickness), orally dosed fexinidazole stands poised to replace the current treatment regimen for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections, following a positive Phase 2/3 clinical trial.
Modeling Bladder Cancer with Genetic Engineering: Fidelity of Human-to-Laboratory Models

One of the questions that have recently emerged is whether, in the era of whole-genome analyses of human specimens, modeling bladder cancer in mice is still necessary. To address this we must first ask ourselves: do we already know everything about the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer? If the answer is negative, then how can mouse models help us further our understanding of this rather complicated disease? This chapter is organized in light of the recent advances on the global alterations in the genetics and epigenetics of human bladder cancer. Major emphases are placed on genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that are proven critical in defining the combinatorial genetic and epigenetic drivers of bladder cancer initiation and progression. Divergent approaches of genetic engineering are compared and contrasted. An attempt is made to offer a balanced assessment of the pros and cons of each approach and GEMMs in general. Due to space constraints the readers are referred to other recent iterations on non-GEMM models.
The Agentic–Communal Model of Advantage and Disadvantage: How Inequality Produces Similarities in the Psychology of Power, Social Class, Gender, and Race

Abstract This integrative review presents the Agentic–Communal Model of Advantage and Disadvantage to offer insight into the psychology of inequality. This model examines the relation between individuals’ position of advantage or disadvantage in a social hierarchy and their propensity toward agency and communion. We begin by identifying and reviewing four inequalities—Resources, Opportunities, Appraisals, and Deference, or the ROAD of inequality—that are fundamental to social advantage and disadvantage. We explain how these inequalities can instill a sense of advantage and disadvantage in individuals. Next, we discuss two core drivers of human behavior: agency and communion. We integrate these literatures to introduce the model's central propositions: a sense of advantage orients individuals toward agency and a sense of disadvantage orients individuals toward communion. We review evidence for this model across four distinct social hierarchies: power, social class, gender, and race. A number of findings suggest that higher-power individuals, higher-class individuals, men, and Whites express greater agency, whereas lower-power individuals, lower-class individuals, women, and minorities express greater communion. We also consider results in the literature that appear inconsistent with our propositions (i.e., when the advantaged are communal and the disadvantaged are agentic) and offer theoretical integrations to resolve these apparent contradictions. In particular, we highlight how the orthogonal nature of agency and communion can produce behavior that results from the combination of high agency and communion. To help motivate a future research agenda, we note the importance of both hierarchy salience and cultural considerations in determining individuals’ orientations toward agency and communion. Finally, we consider the implications of this model for the study of social hierarchy and inequality, as well as the consequences of rising inequality levels.
The Sixth Amendment and Criminal Sentencing

This symposium essay explores the impact of Rita, Gall, and Kimbrough on state and federal sentencing and plea bargaining systems. The Court continues to try to explain how the Sixth Amendment jury trial right limits legislative and judicial control of criminal sentencing. Equally importantly, the opposing sides in this debate have begun to form a stable consensus. These decisions inject more uncertainty in the process and free trial judges to counterbalance prosecutors. Thus, we predict, these decisions will move the balance of plea bargaining power back toward criminal defendants.
Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and its Role in Controlling Growth and Metabolism

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a small Polypeptide growth factor, also termed Somatomedin-C, that mediates many of the growth promoting actions of human growth hormone (1). IGF-I was discovered based on two of its known biologic actions, its ability to stimulate cartilage sulfation in in vitro bioassay systems and to stimulate the incorporation of glucose into fat cells (2,3). Since both of these biologic assay systems were utilized to isolate the factor, two operational names were utilized; the first being Somatomedin; to mediate the growth promoting effects of Somatotropin, and the second insulin-like growth factor, that is, a substance with similar but not identical structure to immunoreactive insulin that had similar biologic activity. Final purification of these peptide activities to homogeneity with subsequent amino acid sequence determination showed that they were identical peptides. Sequence analysis also showed that insulin like growth factor-I IGF-I was 48% identical to human proinsulin, thus confirming a presumed evolutionary relationship between the two peptides (4). It is important to point out, however, that there are distinct amino acid differences that account for major differences in IGF-I and insulin physiology, including their ability to react with distinct transmembrane signaling receptors and their ability to bind to the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins.
Improved back-of-the-house processes with RFID enabled it model for hospitality industry in Singapore

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv PART ONE 5 Introduction 5 Purpose 7 Justification 8 Constraints 8 PART TWO 9 Literature Review 9 Introduction 9 IT as An Enabler to Meet Reliability Dimension of SERVQUAL Model 9 SERVQUAL and reliability 10 IT and integrated processes 12 RFID as One Of The IT Solution 16 Back-of-the-house compliances and RFID’s advantages 17 Cost of doing and cost of not doing 23 Conclusion to Literature Review 26 PART THREE 28 Introduction 28 Proposed RFID Enabled IT Model 28 Advantages at individual level 29 Advantages at interfaced level 31 Limitations 33 Conclusion 35 Recommendations 36 References 40 APPENDICES 52 Appendix A 52 Appendix B 53
Conversation: Linguistic Aspects

Conversations are created as people carry out such joint activities as planning a party, negotiating a contract, or gossiping. A basic unit of conversation is the so-called adjacency pair, such as question plus answer, in which the first party makes a proposal, and the second party takes it up. Adjacency pairs can be chained in sequences, embedded within other adjacency pairs, and used as so-called pre-sequences to project larger sections. Pre-sequences, in particular, are used to open and close conversations, and to open and close topics within them. The participants also deploy special techniques for grounding what is said, establishing that what is said has been understood well enough for current purposes. The structure of conversations is not determined from the outset, but emerges step by step as people coordinate on each new move in their joint activities.
Epistemic Levels and the Problem of the Criterion

l'A. rejette la reponse au probleme sceptique du critere de verite qui consiste a montrer que la connaissance ne requiert pas la connaissance d'un critere de connaissance. Examinant les differentes versions de l'argument dominateur, d'une part, et l'argument de la connaissance de la connaissance, d'autre part, l'A. montre que des auteurs comme R. Chisholm et J. Van Cleve confondent le probleme du critere avec l'argument sceptique des principes epistemiques
The Abnormal Renal Axis in Children with Spina Bifida and Gibbus Deformity—The Pseudohorseshoe Kidney

AbstractThe axes of the kidneys in children with a thoracolumbar gibbus deformity may be distorted to simulate a horseshoe kidney. Measurements of the angle of the gibbus and the angle of intersection of the renal axes were made in 68 children with thoracolumbar meningomyelocele. Thirty-eight children with a gibbus deformity and thoracolumbar meningomyelocele had an abnormality of the renal axis on supine urography, including 19 (28 per cent) in whom a horseshoe kidney was suggested. Three additional children with a gibbus deformity and thoracolumbar meningomyelocele had a normal renal axis. Regression analysis of these data indicated a linear relationship between the angle of the gibbus and the amount of deviation of the renal axis for the values studied. Nuclear scintigraphy, ultrasound studies and clinical records were reviewed in all 41 children with a gibbus deformity. In none were the kidneys fused.There were 21 children with thoracolumbar myelomeningocele who had no gibbus deformity and a normal re...
Effect of reading to preterm infants on measures of cardiorespiratory stability in the neonatal intensive care unit.

To evaluate the impact of parental bedside reading (PR) on cardio-respiratory (CR) stability of preterm infants. Prospective examination of the impact of PR on CR stability in preterm NICU infants. CR data from 3 time points: pre-reading (3 and 1 h before reading), during PR, and post-reading (1 h after reading) were compared. Eighteen infants born at 23–31wks gestation, and 8 to 56 days old, were enrolled. Episodes of oxygen desaturation to <85% were fewer during PR as compared to the pre-reading periods and were fewer with live and maternal PR. Preterm infants showed fewer desaturation events less than 85% during PR than prior to reading exposure. This effect persisted up to 1 h after reading exposure. Desaturation events were fewer with live and maternal PR. Voice exposure can be an important way for parents to participate in the care of their preterm infants.
A phase I clinical trial of AZD1775 in combination with neoadjuvant weekly cisplatin and docetaxel in borderline resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

6034Background: The WEE1 tyrosine kinase regulates G2/M transition and maintains genomic stability. In TP53-deficient tumors (via mutation or HPV inactivation), inhibiting WEE1 with AZD1775 can lea...
Multimodal Patho-Connectomics of Brain Injury

The paper introduces the concept of patho-connectomics, an injury-specific connectome creation and analysis paradigm, that treats injuries as a diffuse disease pervading the whole brain network. The foundation of the “patho-connectomic” ideology of analysis is that no part of the brain can function in isolation, and abnormality in the brain network is a combination of structural and functional anomalies. Brain injuries introduce anomalies in this brain network that could affect the quality of brain tissue, break a pathway, and lead to disrupted connectivity in neural circuits. This in turn affects functionality. Thus, patho-connectomes go beyond the traditional connectome and include information of tissue quality and structural and functional connectivity, forming a comprehensive map of the brain network. Information from diffusion and functional MRI are combined to create these patho-connectomes. The creation and analysis of patho-connectomes are discussed in the case of brain tumors, that suffers from the challenges of mass effect and infiltration of the peritumoral region, which in turn affect the surgical and radiation plan, and in traumatic brain injury, where the exact injury may be difficult to determine, but the effect is diffuse manifesting in heterogenous symptoms. A network-based approach to analysis of both these forms of injury will help determine the effect of pathology on the whole brain, while incorporating recovery and plasticity. Thus, patho-connectomics with a broad network perspective on brain injuries, has the potential to cause a major paradigm shift in their research of brain injuries, facilitating subject specific analysis and paving the way for precision medicine.
Geomorphic response of inlet barrier islands to storms

Abstract Inlet Barrier Islands (IBIs) are infrequently studied, and are often poorly represented in coastal lidar records. The fetch limited barrier island (FLBI) model was introduced to describe geomorphic changes of IBIs over time. The FLBI model predicts that the morphology of IBIs should remain largely static during predominate weather conditions due to sheltering from oceanic wave energy but undergo significant erosion when local and non-local waves magnify during storms, subsequently failing to recover volume and elevation losses. Using three years of high-frequency small unoccupied aircraft systems (sUAS, aka drone) surveys and existing lidar records, we document geomorphic changes on Bird Shoal (a protective IBI near the town of Beaufort, NC) resulting from storms and predominate conditions, testing the FLBI model and documenting island evolution. Our results indicate that Bird Shoal exhibits different spatial trends in erosion, accretion, and shoreline migration across its 4 km length, likely driven by varying shoreline orientation to the Beaufort Inlet and back barrier bathymetry in Back Sound. Our data indicate that the geomorphic behavior of Bird Shoal currently does not adhere to the classic FLBI model. Foreshore storm recovery and growth on Western Bird Shoal and shoreline retreat on Central Bird Shoal occurred during predominate conditions, and beach morphology was not an artifact of past storm events. The Western Bird Shoal shoreline consistently retreated landward in decades of historic imagery, but transitioned to seaward expansion sometime between 2011 and 2014. This shift is likely driven by erosion of the western end of Shackleford Banks and concurrent widening of the Beaufort Inlet, allowing increased wave energy to enter the back-barrier sound and push flood deltas onto Bird Shoal during predominate conditions. Our results suggest that open ocean inlet width and location interact with back-barrier deltas to control sediment supply and wave energy for IBIs, and that IBIs may fall into and out of conformance with the FLBI archetype over time. This study demonstrates sUAS deploying frequently over a municipal scale to fill spatial and temporal gaps in traditional coastal remote sensing datasets.
The Tropical Gothic and Beyond: El Grupo de Cali’s Legacies for Contemporary Latin American Literature, Cinema, and Culture

The creation and development of a tropical gothic is arguably the most important legacy of El Grupo de Cali , an interdisciplinary collective led by writer and film critic Andres Caicedo Estela, and filmmakers Carlos Mayolo and Luis Ospina, during the 1970s in Colombia. In El Grupo’s tropical gothic, the conventions of the literary and cinematic gothic undergo a process of transculturation and tropicalization . With this transformation, Caicedo, Mayolo and Ospina postulate a dark reality that is urban and violent, and in which youth have protagonist roles both as agents and victims of violence. The revival of the monster within this tropical gothic reveals itself as intrinsically linked not only to the influence of cinematic tropes such as Hollywood B-series vampire films, but also to the connections between local myths and legends and forms of structural violence rooted in socioeconomic, political, racial and sexual oppression. Beyond the development of a tropical gothic aesthetic, the innovations of Caicedo’s literary writing include the insistence in locating youthful characters in urban, countercultural scenarios defined by elements of popular culture such as film, popular music, or drugs. These characteristics effectively locate his writings on the flip side of magical realism and act as complements to the Grupo’s tropical gothic in their efforts to narrate the experience of the modern tropical Latin American city.
Integrating collection-and-delivery points in the strategic design of urban last-mile e-commerce distribution networks

Abstract The use of collection-and-delivery points (CDPs) within multi-echelon distribution networks is becoming an increasingly popular last-mile distribution strategy. In this work, we provide a method to integrate CDPs in the design of multi-echelon distribution networks. We formulate a non-linear optimization model that includes CDP location decisions and accounts for changes in demand patters occurring with their placement. To enable its application to large-scale problem instances, we formulate extended routing cost approximation formulae. We then propose a heuristic solution method and apply the model and solution approach to a real-world case study of last-mile distribution by a major Brazilian e-commerce player.
Should We Be Performing More Pancreas Transplants

Pancreas transplantation can provide insulin independence, improved survival, and improved quality of life for patients with diabetes mellitus. However, there has been a steady decline in the number of pancreas transplants (either alone or with a kidney) performed in the United States over the past decade. This decline has occurred despite a steady increase in the number of diabetic patients with end stage renal disease on the kidney transplant alone waiting list. This paper will review the current status of pancreas transplantation, suggest possible explanations for the declining numbers of transplants, highlight current gaps in knowledge, and suggest possible future studies and developments aimed at increasing the application of this effective therapy.
Quality Improvement in Cardiology Practice: A Fellows' Program

Early career physicians are finding themselves under scrutiny from payers to demonstrate that they deliver high-quality health care. Physicians are expected to balance this on top of competing pressures from patient care, prior authorization, clinical documentation, and electronic health records,
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HOSPITAL CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURAL VOLUMES AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR

Cardiovascular (CV) procedural volumes can serve as metrics of hospital infrastructure and quality and are the basis for thresholds for initiating transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) programs. Whether hospital volumes of TMVr and other CV procedures are indicators of TMVr quality of care is not
Multiquadrant surgery in the robotic era: a technical description and outcomes for da Vinci Xi robotic subtotal colectomy and total proctocolectomy

Common colorectal procedures that require access to all quadrants of the abdomen are subtotal colectomy (STC) and total proctocolectomy (TPC). These are frequently performed with a surgical robot, but multiquadrant operations have unique challenges during robot-assisted surgery. Patients who underwent robotic STC or TPC with the da Vinci Xi surgical robot at our institution from July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2019 were identified by diagnosis and procedure codes. A technical description is provided for the techniques utilized at our institution. Outcomes included operative times (OT), supply cost and length of stay. Associated morbidity and mortality was also analyzed. From a review of our institution’s robotic surgery data, 37 cases were identified that utilized the described technique. Of these cases, 21 were robotic STC and 16 were TPC. Total mean OT was 276.86 min (SD ± 119.49). Mean OT was further analyzed by year, which demonstrated an overall decrease in OT from 350.91 min (SD ± 46.38) in 2016 to 221.43 min (SD ± 16.46) in 2018 (p = 0.008). A total of 21 cases were performed prior to 2018. Overall OT for STC was 222.81 min (SD ± 14.54) compared to overall TPC OT 347.81 min (SD ± 34.35). Median length of stay was 5 days [25th and 75th percentiles 4, 6, respectively]. There was no 30-day mortality and only one return to operating room for mesenteric bleeding. There was a low risk of mortality associated with this technique. The current study provides the largest cohort of patients assessed who have undergone multiquadrant robotic STC or TPC. The study provides a detailed description of the technique utilized at our institution. There was no associated 30-day mortality and a low risk of morbidity. The data suggest that the learning curve for improved operative time is between 15 and 20 cases.
AQuaMuSe: Automatically Generating Datasets for Query-Based Multi-Document Summarization.

Summarization is the task of compressing source document(s) into coherent and succinct passages. This is a valuable tool to present users with concise and accurate sketch of the top ranked documents related to their queries. Query-based multi-document summarization (qMDS) addresses this pervasive need, but the research is severely limited due to lack of training and evaluation datasets as existing single-document and multi-document summarization datasets are inadequate in form and scale. We propose a scalable approach called AQuaMuSe to automatically mine qMDS examples from question answering datasets and large document corpora. Our approach is unique in the sense that it can general a dual dataset -- for extractive and abstractive summaries both. We publicly release a specific instance of an AQuaMuSe dataset with 5,519 query-based summaries, each associated with an average of 6 input documents selected from an index of 355M documents from Common Crawl. Extensive evaluation of the dataset along with baseline summarization model experiments are provided.
EXAMINING DUAL ACADEMIC CREDIT AND THE LOCATION OF INSTRUCTION AS A PREDICTOR OF 12TH GRADE NAEP READING SCORES

This study explored 12th grade reading scores on the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and how they relate to enrollment in dual credit college courses and the location in which they were taught. To gain a better understanding of dual credit attainment through various instructional delivery methods and the prediction of 12th grade reading scores, data was mined from the 2015 NAEP and presented in this descriptive research study. The findings of this study include for 12th grades students: (1) Students who earned ELA dual college credit delivered at their high school campus did not result in higher NAEP reading scores. (2) Students who earned ELA dual college credit delivered at a postsecondary campus did not result in higher NAEP reading scores. (3) Students who earned ELA dual college credit delivered through distance learning had higher NAEP reading scores when 11-25% of the 12th grade students enrolled. These findings make evident the high school campus or postsecondary campus dual credit courses for 12th grade students did not have an impact or can be used as a predictor on the NAEP reading test. The dual credit distance learning did have a positive impact on the 12th grade NAEP reading scores, specifically if a smaller percentage of students at the school enrolled, identifying that increasing access to dual credit may not always translate to increased college readiness and rigor.
Perioperative Emergencies: Who, What, When, Where, Why?

Objective(s) Throughout the last several decades, the perioperative mortality rate from anesthesia care has declined, shifting focus to perioperative emergencies. Data on these emergencies, often referred to as “Anesthesia STAT” calls (STATs), are lacking at adult hospitals. The goal of this study was to determine the etiology of STATs at a major academic medical center and to determine surgical cases and patient comorbid conditions that increase the risk for STATs. Design This was a retrospective observational study. Setting This study took place at a large academic medical center. Participants Patients who underwent anesthesia care were included in this study. Interventions No interventions were performed during this study. Measurements and Main Results Data collected included the etiologies of STATs, patient demographic information, patient comorbid conditions, and surgeries during which STATs occurred. Between February 1, 2019, and January 31, 2020, 92 STATs occurred during 58,547 anesthetic cases, with an incidence rate of 0.16%. The most common etiology for a STAT was cardiac arrest, followed by respiratory compromise. Surgical services associated with a significant increase of STATs included general, thoracic, oral/maxillofacial, and vascular surgery. Comorbid conditions that significantly increased the risk of STATs included hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Conclusions Cardiac arrest is the most common etiology of STATs. Specific surgical services and comorbid conditions are associated with an increased risk of STATs.
Provider recommendations and maternal practices when providing breast milk to children with immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy.

Abstract Background There is limited research investigating maternal dietary practices and health care provider recommendations when providing breast milk (BM) to children with immunoglobulin (Ig) E–mediated food allergy. Objective To explore health care provider recommendations and maternal practices when providing BM to children with IgE-mediated food allergy and to assess for possible IgE-mediated reactions to BM while the mother consumed the food to which her child has allergy. Methods A web-based survey was distributed to breastfeeding (BF) mothers of children with IgE-mediated food allergies. Reported reactions to BM were scored by an allergist, provided only with the details of the possible reaction and not the suspect allergen or route of exposure, as to the likelihood that the reaction was IgE mediated. Results A total of 133 mothers completed the survey. After food allergy diagnosis, 47.4% (n = 63) of the mothers reported that they were advised by their health care provider to continue BF without dietary restriction, 17.3% (n = 23) were advised to avoid eating the food(s) their child has allergy to while BF, and in 28.6% (n = 38), this concern was not addressed. A few of the mothers (12%, 16/133) reported that their child experienced an allergic reaction to BM. An allergist evaluated most of these reactions (75%, 12/16) as not likely IgE mediated. Conclusion This study exposed inconsistent recommendations for mothers providing BM to children with IgE-mediated food allergies. Most mothers were able to consume the food their child has allergy to without adverse sequelae. Standardized, evidence-based recommendations would enhance the well-being of these mother-infant dyads.
Cracks to Craters: College Advising During COVID-19

The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease–2019) pandemic disrupted the education of students across the globe in the spring of 2020. Students who were previously at most risk for falling behind their peers...
Comparison of Clinical Features and Outcomes Between Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most common primary liver cancers (PLCs). Differences in their clinical features and outcomes are open for investigation in a large-scale study. We aim to investigate the differences in clinical features and outcomes between iCCA and HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 18 Database (2000-2017) was used to extract demographic and clinical features of HCC and iCCA patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with iCCA diagnosis versus HCC. Cox regression analysis was used to assess factors affecting overall survival (OS). There were 13,611 iCCA and 96,151 HCC patients. Half of iCCA (50.7%) and three quarters of HCC (76.3%) patients were male. Diagnosis in recent year, age (<50 or ≥65), female sex, non-Hispanic White race, higher income, rural area, and higher tumor burden were independently associated with iCCA diagnosis versus HCC. Patients with iCCA had worse OS than those with HCC (9 vs. 13 months; P < 0.001). However, OS was comparable between iCCA and HCC in multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.99-1.05). In subgroup analyses, iCCA was associated with better OS than HCC in patients with tumor ≥5 cm (aHR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.80-0.86), lymph node involvement (aHR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.72-0.81), distant metastasis (aHR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.73-0.79), poorly/undifferentiated tumors (aHR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.83-0.94), and those receiving noncurative treatment (aHR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.93-0.98). CONCLUSIONS We identified the demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical features associated with iCCA diagnosis over HCC among patients with PLC. Although iCCA patients presented at an advanced stage, OS was similar between iCCA and HCC in multivariable analysis. iCCA was associated with longer OS for subgroups with poor prognostic features.
Literature and the Taste of Knowledge

Introduction: among the analogies 1. What Henry knew 2. After such knowledge 3. Kafka and the Third Reich 4. Seven types of obliquity 5. Missing dates 6. The fictionable world Epilogue: the essays of our life.
Controlled-release morphine tablets in patients with chronic cancer pain: a narrative review of controlled clinical trials.

BACKGROUND Controlled-release (CR) morphine tablets have become routine therapy in the management of cancer pain. Compared with immediate-release (IR) morphine, this formulation provides the benefit of dosing every 12 hours. METHODS This study reviewed the 10 published, well controlled, repeated-dose, comparative studies with CR morphine tablets administered every 12 hours to patients with cancer pain. RESULTS CR morphine tablets were uniformly effective; 98% of patients completed a treatment course of every-12-hours therapy. Although the effective analgesic dose varied considerably from study to study (range, 90-330 mg per day), pain was well controlled with CR morphine tablets as the primary analgesic. Mean pain scores, converted to a common 10-point scale, ranged from 1.1-2.9 across all studies. There was only occasional need for IR morphine rescue medication (range, 2-39 mg per day). The mean discontinuation rate because of side effects or lack of every-12-hours efficacy was 2%. In seven studies that used IR morphine as the comparative agent, CR morphine tablets were found to be equally effective as IR morphine. CONCLUSIONS Twice-daily dosing of CR morphine provides convenient, safe, and effective relief of cancer pain. Cancer 1998;82:2299-2306. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
A novel cytoplasmic tail fqqi motif mediates internalization and intracellular trafficking of guanylyl-cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (539.4)

Cardiac hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) modulates blood pressure and blood volume by activation of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), which produces the second m...
Osmosis and Ion Transport in Charged Porous Membranes: A Macroscopic, Mechanistic Model

Based on a simple mechanistic model where mass exchange takes place by continuum flow in charged, macroscopic pores, explicit equations are derived for water and ion fluxes through a charged membrane. The equations (which contain nonlinearities) show the cross coupling between the fluxes, and the coefficients are expressed explicitly in terms of the physical structure and fixed charge content of the membrane, as well as the properties of the permeant fluid. The model is applied to the hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis mode where salt is rejected as the solution is forced through the membrane under pressure.
Repetir hasta 4º de Primaria: determinantes cognitivos y sociales según PIRLS

This paper deals with the determinants of grade retention until the fourth year of Primary Education in Spain, taking advantage from the information in PIRLS data on children’s abilities and parental teaching practices prior to primary school. It is based on a multiple regression which stepwise introduces the children’s sex and quarter of birth, habitat, the existence of diglosia between home and school, the cultural level at home (books, mather’s education), reading and counting teaching by parents, years of preschooling, abilities prior to primary school, various types of motivation, parents control, learning resources at home, PIRLS reading score and three variables at the school level: private management, means level in PIRLS reading score and retention rate. The study finds strong effectts of singular schools, hardlymnoted before in the literature. It confirms previous results on the main role of cognitive competences while removing doubts on endogeneity through the measurement of abilities before primary school. It moreover confirms the minor role of social factors, as well as their persistence after controlling for their assotiation with cognitive abilities. It finds very weak effects for teaching resources and habits, both domestic and scholastic, which hardly reduce the residual coefficientes of the social variables; finally, it suggests how to continue research on the non cognitive determinants of grade retention.
X-Ray Spectral Variability of Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries

We report on a study of the x-ray spectral variability of 37 low-mass x-ray binaries (LMXRB). The sample studied consists of all LMXRB which were detected with the EINSTEIN Monitor Proportional Counter (MPC) at greater than 10 c s-1. The spectral variability has been studied through the use of Hardness-Intensity Diagrams (HID). The brighter sources often show complicated HID which contain ‘loops’, while the HID of the less bright, bursting sources are much simpler. We speculate on the cause of the ‘loops’ in the HID, and point out that observations of bursts in the brighter sources may help to determine the cause of the loops. The spectral variations of some of the bursters indicates that Compton scattering mechanisms dominate their x-ray emission. It is shown that the brighter sources may have a higher level of radio emission than the bursting sources, indicating that additional energy generation mechanisms are operating in the brighter sources.
Packet-based PSNR time series prediction for video teleconferencing

It has been shown that various statistics of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) time series of a video sequence can be used to construct fairly accurate Quality of Experience (QoE) models. To predict QoE, it is sufficient to predict the PSNR time series. The possibility of predicting QoE further enables QoE-based network resource allocation. We propose two approaches to packet-based prediction of PSNR time series to overcome the limitations of frame-based approaches. The proposed first approach adopts a parametric model for the impact on the video quality due to losing a packet, while the second proposed approach is parameter-free. Simulation results show that both approaches significantly outperform the simple mean or median algorithms and are close to their respective performance bounds.
From child rescue to family protection: The evolution of the child protective movement in the United States

Abstract The child protective movement, an offshoot of animal protective work, initially adopted a punitive, law enforcement emphasis. Under the leadership of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, anti-cruelty work took on a broader focus based on prevention rather than punishment. The new approach stressed the need to maintain and enrich family life through broad social supports, relying on family casework and social reform. “Normal family life,” a vaguely denned but firmly middle-class notion, was established as the ideal to which social agencies should subscribe in their drive to protect children and insure an orderly society. Child protection, formerly isolated from the child welfare movement, gradually became a part of it.
Effect of Aspartame Loading on Plasma and Erythrocyte Free Amino Acid Concentrations in One-Year-Old Infants

Aspartame is a new dipeptide sweetener. It has been suggested that infants metabolize its constituent amino acids (aspartate and phenylalanine) less well than adults. To test this hypothesis, 24 1-year-old infants were administered 34, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight aspartame in cherry-flavored beverage mix. Plasma amino acid concentrations and the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) were determined and were compared with values in adults administered equivalent doses. The doses studied include the 99th percentile of projected ingestion for adults (34 mg/kg), a very high use dose (50 mg/kg body weight), and a potentially abusive dose (100 mg/kg body weight). Plasma aspartate concentrations did not change significantly (P greater than 0.05) at aspartame doses of 34 and 50 mg/kg body weight, but did increase significantly at the 100 mg/kg body weight dose. The change over base line was similar in infants and adults. Aspartame dosing significantly increased both the mean peak plasma phenylalanine concentration and the plasma phenylalanine AUC value in proportion to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma phenylalanine concentrations in infants were 9.37 +/- 1.44, 11.6 +/- 4.44 and 22.3 +/- 11.5 mumol/100 ml at aspartame doses of 34, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Values in infants were similar to those noted in adults. The data do not support the suggestion that infants metabolize the amino acids of aspartame less well than adults.
A preliminary investigation of sleeping site selection and sharing by the brown mouse lemur Microcebus rufus during the dry season

Mouse lemurs (Microcebus) are solitary, experience heavy predation, and use torpor to conserve energy, so an individual's choice of daytime sleeping site can have a major impact on its fitness. Sharing a sleeping site may strengthen social bonds or insulate against fluctuating ambient temperatures. Changing sites often may prevent tracking by predators. Choosing a site in a hole in an old, thick tree may allow for longer and deeper torpor. The aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary characterization of sleeping site selection and use in Microcebus rufus, the brown mouse lemur. We trapped mouse lemurs in disturbed forests in the peripheral zone of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar, and tracked 7 individuals using temperature-sensitive radiocollars. Radiotracked individuals shared sleeping sites concurrently and serially and slept in same-sex and mixed-sex groups. They slept in tree holes as well as in piles of leaves on branches. Radiotracked individuals tended to use higher-diameter at breast hei...
Enhancement of Lignin Degradation in Streptomyces spp. by Protoplast Fusion

Protoplast fusion was investigated as a technique for genetically manipulating two lignin-degrading Streptomyces strains, Streptomyces viridosporus T7A and Streptomyces setonii 75Vi2. Four of 19 recombinants tested showed enhanced production of acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), producing 155 to 264% more APPL from corn stover lignocellulose than was produced by the wild-type S. viridosporus T7A. APPLs are lignin degradation intermediates known to be potentially valuable chemical products produced by bioconversion of lignin with Streptomyces spp. The prospects of utilizing protoplast fusion to construct APPL-overproducing Streptomyces strains was considered especially promising.
Distribution of the quotient of noncentral normal random variables

The Mellin convolution is used to derive in analytical form an exact 3-parameterprobabilitydensity function of the quotient of two noncentral normal random variables. In contrast with the 5-parameter probability density function previously derivedby Fieller (1932) and Hinkley (1969), this 3-parameter probability density function is feasible for computer evaluation of the mean and cumulative distribution function, which are needed, for example, when dealing with estimation and distribution problems in regression analysis and sampling theory. When the normal variables are independent, the probability density function reduces to a 2-parameter function, for which a computer program is operational. An illustrative example is given for one set of parameters when the normal variables are independent, in which themean and functional form of the probability density function are presented, together with a brief tabulation of the probability density function.
Imaging genetics and the neurobiological basis of individual differences in vulnerability to addiction

Background Addictive disorders are heritable, but the search for candidate functional polymorphisms playing an etiological role in addiction is hindered by complexity of the phenotype and the variety of factors interacting to impact behavior. Advances in human genome sequencing and neuroimaging technology provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore the impact of functional genetic variants on variability in behaviorally relevant neural circuitry. Here, we present a model for merging these technologies to trace the links between genes, brain, and addictive behavior.
More on separation of a diagonal

Abstract We investigate when and how the diagonal of a space X can be separated from any closed subset of the square X × X that lies off the diagonal. Several examples are given to help illuminate these properties of diagonal separation and distinguish between them.
microRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Cells following Acute Ischemic Stroke and Their Predicted Gene Targets

Background: microRNA (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression. In patients with ischemic stroke we have previously shown that differences in immune cell gene expression are present. In this study we sought to determine the miRNA that are differentially expressed in peripheral blood cells of patients with acute ischemic stroke and thus may regulate immune cell gene expression. Methods: miRNA from peripheral blood cells of forty-eight patients with ischemic stroke and vascular risk factor controls were compared. Differentially expressed miRNA in patients with ischemic stroke were determined by microarray with qRTPCR confirmation. The gene targets and pathways associated with ischemic stroke that may be regulated by the identified miRNA were characterized. Results: In patients with acute ischemic stroke, miR-122, miR-148a, let-7i, miR-19a, miR-320d, miR-4429 were decreased and miR-363, miR-487b were increased compared to vascular risk factor controls. These miRNA are predicted to regulate several genes in pathways previously identified by gene expression analyses, including toll-like receptor signaling, NF-kb signaling, leukocyte extravasation signaling, and the prothrombin activation pathway. Conclusions: Several miRNA are differentially expressed in blood cells of patients with acute ischemic stroke. These miRNA may regulate leukocyte gene expression in ischemic stroke including pathways involved in immune activation, leukocyte extravasation and thrombosis.