cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular junctions of ∼1 nm device length on self-assembled monolayer modified n- vs. p-GaAs

Fabrication of high-fidelity molecular junctions of 1 nm or less device length is a significant challenge due to penetration of the top contact through the molecular layer. Successively smaller device lengths allow for molecules to more strongly modulate semiconductor surface charge and conductivity for device gating applications; hence, it is of great interest to better understand electron transport over device length scales of ∼1 nm. Molecular devices on GaAs are of interest, since their integration to band-gap engineered nanostructures on GaAs can enable high-sensitivity molecular signal transduction schemes. In this study, the formation of molecular junctions of ∼1 nm device length was investigated. Complexation and electroless deposition (ELD) of copper on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified n- and p-GaAs surfaces was used to correlate the effects of variations in SAM length, terminal functional group, and substrate dopant type (n vs. p) on the morphology of ELD Cu and its penetration through the underlying SAM. Electrochemical, electron microscopy and electrical transport characterization of Cu ELD on SAM-modified n-GaAs demonstrates highly selective deposition only on carboxylic acid terminated surfaces, the strong dependence of ELD morphology on SAM order, and absence of Cu penetration through the SAM, for device lengths down to sub-nanometer scales. Cu ELD on SAM-modified p-GaAs surfaces was similar to that of the respective SAM-modified n-GaAs surface, only in those cases where the SAM layer can passivate p-GaAs from corrosion. In other cases such as the shortest SAMs studied herein, corrosion of p-GaAs resulted in the disruption of sub-nanometer molecular junctions.
Inhibition of plasma membrane Ca2+-atpase pump activity in cultured c6 glioma cells by halothane and xenon

We have compared the effect of two inhalational anesthetics, halothane and xenon, on Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) pumping activity in plasma membrane vesicles prepared from cultured rat C6 glioma cells. Halothane, at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.75 vol% (equivalent to 0.5 to 1.6 MAC), significantly inhibited Ca2+ uptake (transport) by plasma membrane vesicles in a dose-related fashion. Xenon, at partial pressures ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 atm (equivalent to 0.5 to 1.6 MAC), similarly inhibited PMCA pumping activity. Additive effects on suppression of PMCA pump activity were observed when C6 cell plasma membrane vesicles were exposed to increasing partial pressures of xenon in the presence of halothane (1 vol%). Halothane also inhibited PMCA pumping in cells from two other lines of neural origin, B104 (rat neuroblastoma) and PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma). Studies described in this report support the thesis that PMCA in cells of neural origin is inhibited by quite different inhalational anesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations.
Early predictors of one-year outcome for infants asphyxiated at birth.

UMMARY This study attempted to identify within the first 48 hours of life those infants sustaining hypoxic-ischemic insults and destined to have neurodevelopmental abnormalities at one year of age. Neurological examination and cranial CT scan were quantitated to provide a post-asphyxia score and CT low-density index for each of 34 fullterm infants. The post-asphyxia score and CT infarction index were used to predict infants with normal and abnormal outcomes at one year of age, and both were valuable predictors of neurodevelopmental sequelae. RESUME Predicteurs precoces de devenir a un an des nourrissons asphyxies a la naissance Cette etude vise a identifier, durant les 48 premieres heures de vie, ceux des nourrissons ay ant subi des dommages hypoxiques ischemiques qui presenteront des anomalies neurodevelopmentales a l'âge d'un an. L'examen neurologique et la tomodensitometrie crânienne ont ete quantifies pour fournir un score post-asphyxique et un index d'hypodensite au scanner pour chacun des 34 nourrissons nes a terme. En utilisant une technique de regression statistique, le score post-asphyxique et l'index d'infarcissement au scanner ont ete utilises pour predire le devenir normal ou anormal des nourrissons, a l'âge d'un an. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Fruhe prognostische Zeichen fur den Entwicklungsstand mil einem Jahr bei Kindern mit einer Asphyxie bei der Geburt Mit dieser Studie sollte versucht werden, innerhalb der ersten 48 Stunden nach der Geburt herauszufinden, welche der Kinder, die einen hypoxisch-ischamischen Insult erlitten hatten, voraussichtlich im Alter von einem Jahr Auffalligkeiten in der neurologischen Entwicklung aufweisen wurden. Neurologische Untersuchungen und craniale CT Scans wurden quantitativ ausgewertet, um einen post-Asphyxie Score und einen CT-low-density Index fur jedes der 34 reifen Neugeborenen zu erstellen. Unter Anwendung des logistischen Regressionsverfahrens wurden der post-Asphyxie Score und der CT-Infarkt Index dazu herangezogen, eine Voraussage uber die normale oder nicht normale Entwicklung der Kinder im Alter von einem Jahr zu machen. RESUMEN Predictores precoces del nivel conseguido al ano de edad en lactantes con asfixia neonatal Este estudio intenta identificar, dentro de las primeras 48 horas de vida, aquellos ninos con insultos hipoxico-isquemicos destinados a sufrir anomalias neuroevolutivas al ano de edad. Se cuantifico el examen neurologico y la TAC craneal para obtener un puntaje postasfixia y un indice de baja densidad a la TAC para cada uno de los 34 lactantes a termino. Utilizando un procedimiento logistico de regresion, el puntaje postasfixia y el indice de infarto en la TAC fueron usados para la prediccion de lactantes con un nivel normal y anormal al ano de edad.
Direct repair of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta.

The concept of direct repair of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta has been proposed. The complete repair of the dissection and concomitant repair of aortic insufficiency have been discussed.
Development and structure of a gravity current head

Axisymmetric laboratory gravity currents are used to study the structure and dynamics of gravity current heads during the inertia-buoyancy phase of the flow. The currents are produced by releasing a fixed volume of heavy fluid behind a gate into less dense ambient fluid. Using particle image velocimetry, vertical and horizontal velocity fields are obtained at different times during the evolution of the flow. During the early stages of the inertial phase, vertical velocity fields reveal a cyclic process of vortex formation. One cycle consists of three parts: formation of a vortex due to baroclinic vorticity at the leading edge of the head, formation of a vortex of opposite circulation along the bottom surface, and convection of heavy fluid forward by the vortex pair. The ‘new’ heavy fluid at the leading edge initiates a new cycle. Mixing is due not only to small-scale shear instabilities at the interface but also to large-scale entrainment of ambient fluid into the gravity current head as it develops. In horizontal velocity fields, significant azimuthal nonuniformities are observed between the radially expanding vortices and the bottom surface.
Comparison of optical analysis methods for oxide-apertured VCSELs

We present a comparison between a semi-analytic parasitic mode weighted index method and a quasi-exact vector finite element method. We derive the parasitic mode weighted index method by augmenting the older weighted index method to capture diffraction. Diffraction is included by coupling the weighted index eigenmode to a set of resonant parasitic modes. We apply both techniques to an oxide-apertured, oxide-DBR VCSEL to compute the lasing mode wavelength, threshold gain, and transverse confinement factor.
Quantitative determination of single-bead metal content from a peptide combinatorial library.

An electrothermal vaporizer inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ETV-ICPMS) was used to quantitatively screen metals bound to single polystyrene (TentaGel) beads with immobilized oligopeptides. Tests were performed using ETV-ICPMS to screen a series of identical beads as well as a series of combinatorial library beads exposed to a multimetal solution composed of Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Eu2+, and Pb2+. The residual metal content remaining bound to the beads after acid extractions was also analyzed by solid sampling of the entire bead using oxygen ashing in the ETV. Nine beads (80 mesh, 0.25 mmol g-1 nominal capacity) containing covalently attached polyaspartic acid (PLAsp; n = 20) showed metal extract concentrations in the range of 4−130 ng mL-1. After normalizing by bead volume, the precision of capacity measurements in a single bead (7−14%) was primarily dictated by analysis error and contributions from bead diameter measurement with negligible contributions, surprisingly, from variations ...
Direct in-gel hybridization of digoxigenin-labelled non-radioactive probes.

Abstract An improved, simple, cost-effective and non-radioactive procedure for in-gel hybridization is described for the detection of signal in dried agarose gels. Large and small digoxigenin-labelled DNA and oligonucleotide probes hybridized efficiently and specifically with the complementary DNA sequences in the gel. The signal-to-noise ratios for the gels dried at 55°C at 1 atmospheric pressure were 3–3·5-fold higher than the gels dried at 25°C under vacuum. The method shows an increased sensitivity over currently available non-radioactive methods for in-gel hybridization. A single copy of a gene insert could be detected by the use of this procedure.
Press fit implant arthroplasty of the hip and knee.

The bone-implant interface and the accompanying difficulties with fixation continue to be a major area of research activity. Biological fixation would appear to be the ideal method of fixation. Press-fit metal implants may be part of a larger answer that may include sintering, coatings, or both.
Somatic and reproductive outcomes in mice treated with cyclophosphamide in pre-pubertal age.

Disruption in the normal timing of female puberty, such as in pre-pubertal cancer treatments, can cause abnormal somatic development. We sought to evaluate the impact of cyclophosphamide (CTX) on the somatic, uterine, and ovarian, development of pre-pubertal mice. Pre-pubertal (day 18 of life) C57BL/6J female mice were randomized to receive placebo (group 1A and 1B), 200 mg/kg CTX (group 2A), or 120 mg/kg CTX (group 2B). Mice were euthanized on day 56 (A groups) or 95 (B groups) of life. Body weight and length, uterine and ovarian weight and right femur length and weight were measured, and ovarian insufficiency was assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. Body weight and length did not differ among groups at time of euthanasia. The femur was shorter and weighed less in mice treated with CTX than in controls. Uterine weight was lower in group 2B than 1B (46.1 mg, 95% CI: 42.9-49.4, vs. 62.2 mg, 95% CI: 58.5-65.8, respectively; p = 0.005) and was lower in mice that developed ovarian insufficienc...
Observations on the performance of wide gap spark chambers

Abstract The performance of wide gap spark chambers was studied under experimental operating conditions. With care these chambers perform well as high spatial resolution detectors for multitrack events if all tracks are at angles less than about 20° relative to the electric field. When some tracks are at angles greater than 20° serious inefficiencies develop. Various techniques for minimizing these inefficiencies are discussed.
The Diminution in Number of the Nodes in the Bivalents of Lilium

THE species of Lilium examined have twelve pairs of long chromosomes. The numbers of nodes in the bivalents of Lilium longiflorurn (and Lilium regale) were counted at different stages, from the earliest prophase, immediately after the diplotene stage, to the diaphase; and also at the metaphase itself. These counts were usually made after pressing cytoplasm and chromosomes from the cell. Such counts showed that the average number of nodes for the group of twelve chromosome pairs was 22.1 for the diaphase and metaphase, while in the earliest prophase it was found to be 39. Thus nearly half the nodes (43 per cent.) disappeared between the diplotene stage and the diaphase. In L. longifiorum, pollen mother-cells observed at stages between the earliest prophase and the diaphase showed different degrees of diminution in the number of nodes. In the four largest chromosomes of Hosta cœrulec, a similar reduction was observed, from 9 to 5 nodes. From the drawings of Newton (Lirn. Soc. Jour. (Bot.); 1927) it can be estimated that there was a loss of nodes between the earliest prophase and the diaphase of somewhat less than one-half the number in Tulipa.
The relation between excitation and adaptation within the rod's outer segment

Abstract The relation between excitation and adaptation in vertebrate rod photoreceptors was studied by measuring the membrane current of toud rod outer segments in light and darkness. Steady illumination attenuated and sped the rod response to flashes, and it suppressed membrane current noise. When steady illumination ended, the rod's electrical response, and presumably the internal transmitter which caused it, decayed quickly, but adaptation's effects persisted temporarily. This new observation suggests that excitation and adaptation are loosely coupled phenomena which may be mediated by different chemical signals.
The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2) in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated colitis-associated neoplasia

We have previously found that TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) mice demonstrate decreased expression of mucosal PGE 2 and are protected against colitis-associated neoplasia. However, it is still unclear whether PGE 2 is the central factor downstream of TLR4 signaling that promotes intestinal tumorigenesis. To further elucidate critical downstream pathways involving TLR4-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis, we examined the effects of exogenously administered PGE 2 in TLR4-/- mice to see if PGE 2 bypasses the protection from colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Mouse colitis-associated neoplasia was induced by azoxymethane (AOM) injection followed by two cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. Two different doses of PGE 2 (high dose group, 200 μg, n = 8; and low dose group, 100 μg, n = 6) were administered daily during recovery period of colitis by gavage feeding. Another group was given PGE 2 during DSS treatment (200 μg, n = 5). Inflammation and dysplasia were assessed histologically. Mucosal Cox-2 and amphiregulin (AR) expression, prostanoid synthesis, and EGFR activation were analyzed. In control mice treated with PBS, the average number of tumors was greater in WT mice (n = 13) than in TLR4-/- mice (n = 7). High dose but not low dose PGE 2 treatment caused an increase in epithelial proliferation. 28.6% of PBS-treated TLR4-/- mice developed dysplasia (tumors/animal: 0.4 ± 0.2). By contrast, 75.0% (tumors/animal: 1.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) of the high dose group and 33.3% (tumors/animal: 0.3 ± 0.5) of the low dose group developed dysplasia in TLR4-/- mice. Tumor size was also increased by high dose PGE 2 treatment. Endogenous prostanoid synthesis was differentially affected by PGE 2 treatment during acute and recovery phases of colitis. Exogenous administration of PGE 2 increased colitis-associated tumorigenesis but this only occurred during the recovery phase. Lastly, PGE 2 treatment increased mucosal expression of AR and Cox-2, thus inducing EGFR activation and forming a positive feedback mechanism to amplify mucosal Cox-2. These results highlight the importance of PGE 2 as a central downstream molecule involving TLR4-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis.
Optimum design for a radiative fin array system with least horizontal dimension

Abstract The present research attempts to optimize a radiating four-fin fin array system such that the total horizontal space occupied by the system is minimum. The horizontal fins of the fin array have a rectangular profile; while the vertical fins can be either rectangular or triangular in profile. The proposed optimized system can be shortened by about 30% in the horizontal dimension compared to the conventional two-fin system for the practical fin surface emissitivity. The optimum dimensions of the fin array are presented in simple working formulae or in the form of design charts in order to facilitate the thermal designers.
Fusion of images on affine sampling grids

We present a method for combining multiple images of a common object assuming two-dimensional (2D) affine transformations between the image sampling grids. Our method is based upon the projection-onto-convex-sets approach of Yeh Stark [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A7, 491 (1990)]. Each image frame constitutes a single projection in our approach. We derive a frame projection algorithm under the 2D affine transform assumption that uses one-dimensional fast Fourier transform operations. We demonstrate that all the parameters required for successful image fusion can be estimated with sufficient accuracy from the image data proper. Four 64×64-pixel images taken by the Galileo Orbiter spacecraft of the asteroid Gaspra were fused to produce a result with twice the sampling rate and significantly improved spatial resolution. The total processing time was 55 s on a single-processor workstation.
Multiaxial Loading Fracture of Al2O3 Tubes: II, Weibull Theory and Analysis

The Weibull statistical fracture theory for multiaxial loading was developed for thick- and thin-walled tube geometries subjected to multiaxial loading in tension-internal pressure, compression-internal pressure, and pure torsion. As compared to uniaxial tension, lower strengths are predicted for tension-tension stress states and higher strengths for tension-compression stress states. Comparison to experimental results for A1203 tubes indicates a reasonable agreement with Weibull theory predictions for tension-internal pressure and compression-internal pressure conditions, but an underestimation of stress state effects in pure torsion. Results indicate a weakening effect of in-flaw-plane tensile stresses, with no observed influence of in-plane compressive stresses.
Investigation of molecular co-doping for low ionization energy p-type centers in GaN

This work initiates an investigation of molecular co-doping to produce p-type centers in (Ga,Al)N with ionization energies lower than Mg. Dopant complexes can be formed between a doubly ionized acceptor such as (Li or Ag) and a singly ionized donor (silicon). Ion implantation of Li and Ag into silicon doped GaN films grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) has been performed. High resolution X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the crystalline damage and subsequent recovery upon anneal. A complete recovery was observed after annealing at 850 °C. Higher temperature anneal was required to activate the implanted Si dopants and was also performed with the co-doped samples. Conductivity measurements – Hall and Van der Pauw – were employed to analyze the conductivity type of these samples. None of the samples analyzed showed any indication of p-type conductivity. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Algorithms for a network design problem with crossing supermodular demands

We present approximation algorithms for a class of directed network design problems. The network design problem is to find a minimum cost subgraph such that for each vertex set S there are at least f(S) arcs leaving the set S. In the last 10 years general techniques have been developed for designing approximation algorithms for undirected network design problems. Recently, Kamal Jain gave a 2-approximation algorithm for the case when the function f is weakly supermodular. There has been very little progress made on directed network design problems. The main techniques used for the undirected problems do not have simple extensions to the directed case. Andras Frank has shown that in a special case when the function f is intersecting supermodular the problem can be solved optimally. In this article, we use this result to get a 2-approximation algorithm for a more general case when f is crossing supermodular. We also extend Jain's techniques to directed problems. We prove that if the function f is crossing supermodular, then any basic solution of the LP relaxation of our problem contains at least one variable with value greater or equal to ¼. This result implies a 4-approximation algorithm for the class of directed network design problems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Release of biologically active CD154 during collection and storage of platelet concentrates prepared for transfusion

Summary. Background: Millions of platelet transfusions are given each year. Transfusion reactions occur in as many as 30% of patients receiving unmodified platelet transfusions. The cause of some transfusion reactions remains unclear. The current paradigm suggests that platelet concentrates (PC) contain proinflammatory mediators that are released by white blood cells during collection, processing and storage. CD154 (CD40 ligand, CD40L) is a potent inflammatory mediator, normally sequestered inside the resting platelet, that is known to translocate to the platelet membrane and be shed into plasma in response to agonist activation. We hypothesized that platelet-soluble CD154 (sCD154) is ‘spontaneously’ released by transfused platelets and plays a major role in transfusion reactions. Objectives: To determine the time course and biological properties of CD154 translocation and release during collection and storage of platelets for transfusion. Methods: We measured surface and sCD154 in platelets prepared by the platelet-rich plasma method or apheresis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The specific biological activity of platelet sCD154 was assayed by stimulation of the CD154/CD40 pathway in known CD40-positive cells with PC-derived supernatants. Results and conclusions: We demonstrate that PCs prepared for transfusion have high levels of membrane-bound CD154 and sCD154, with maximum levels being seen 72 h after platelet collection. Importantly, we show that platelet-derived sCD154 potently stimulates CD40-positive cells. We propose that platelet-derived CD154 is a key ‘cytokine’ responsible for adverse reactions associated with platelet transfusions. Improved methods of platelet collection and/or storage, which limit CD154 expression, could reduce the risks of transfusion reaction.
Sleep-wake processes play a key role in early infant crying

The crying curve across early infancy may reflect the developing interaction between circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep-wake regulation. Excessive crying may be interpreted as a misalignment of the two processes. On the basis of the proposed mechanism, excessive crying may be an honest signal of need, namely, to elicit parental resources to modulate the behavioral state.
Gestational nutrition and the development of obesity during adulthood

Recent epidemiological studies indicate a strong link between intrauterine under-nutrition and propensity of such offspring for developing obesity and metabolic syndrome in later life. Garg et al investigated the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon and its potential reversibility in rats. The authors found that rats experiencing gestational under-nutrition but fed normally after birth (IUGR) gained body mass with excessive subcutaneous and visceral fat. The IUGR rats were also metabolically inflexible since they showed similar rates of energy expenditure and O2 consumption in the fed and fasted states. However, if such pups were food-restricted during lactation (PNGR), their metabolic profiles resembled those of control and IPGR (subject to food restriction during pre- and postnatal periods) rats. Thus, postnatal caloric restriction superimposed on intrauterine under nutrition significantly improved insulin sensitivity and adiposity of rats that would otherwise develop metabolic inflexibility and visceral obesity. The observations of Garg et al, have serious implications in term of the design of the future experimental studies as well as their clinical translation in humans.
Chemical design of direct-gap light-emitting silicon.

Quantum confinement effect has been the dominant approach guiding the search for light-emitting silicon. By first-principles total energy calculations of Si $\ensuremath{\delta}$-doped with oxygen layers, however, we show that this generally accepted mechanism is ineffective. Instead, a different mechanism is proposed based on defect engineering where the oxygen atoms chemically shift the valence band edge of Si away from the zone center, resulting in the desired optical functionality. Our calculation suggests new design principles for light-emitting silicon as well as providing the microscopic origin for the observed strong luminescence and band gap increase in the SiO(001) multi-$\ensuremath{\delta}$-layers.
Effects of a bis(benzyl)spermine analog on MCF-7 breast cancer cells in culture and nude mice xenografts

We studied the effects of a polyamine analog, N,N'-bis{3-[(phenylmethyl)amino]propyl}-1,7-diaminoheptane (MDL 27695) on MCF-7 cells, as part of an attempt to develop new drugs for breast cancer treatment. Using [H-3]-thymidine incorporation assay and long-term growth curves, we found that MDL 27695 inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner in the low mu M range. G1 synchronized cells progressing in cell cycle showed delayed and inefficient entry into S phase in the presence of 4 mu M MDL 27695. Consistent with a G1 arrest, MDL 27695 significantly reduced estradiol-mediated increase in the expression of cyclin D1. HPLC analysis showed that treatment of MCF-7 cells with MDL 27695 reduced the accumulation of natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, by 43, 38, and 45%, respectively, at 8 h after the initiation of cell cycle. This decrease in polyamine levels was not associated with a decrease in the activity of polyamine biosynthetic (ornithine decarboxylase, ODC; s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, SAMDC) or catabolizing (spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase, SSAT) enzymes. However, there was a 40% decrease in the uptake of putrescine and spermidine, in cells treated with MDL 27695. Our studies also showed that MDL 27695, at a dose of 20 mg/kg, caused a significant inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice harboring MCF-7 cell derived tumors, without overt symptoms of toxicity. These data indicate that the polyamine analog MDL 27695 is an efficient inhibitor of MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that polyamines are critical factors in cell cycle regulation of breast cancer cells and potential targets for therapy.
The effect of porcine thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone (TRH) on the release of TSH from sheep and goat anterior pituitary tissue in vitro.

Abstract Highly purified porcine TRH and porcine SME extract increased the release of TSH from anterior tissue of sheep and goats in vitro . These studies extend to two more species the evidence of responsiveness to TRH and indicate a general lack of species specificity to porcine TRH among mammals.
Microporous flow surface variation and short term thrombogenicity in dogs.

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the effect of three luminal surface coatings on short-term thrombogenicity in 4 mm internal diameter vascular prostheses. Microporous replamineform grafts (20–30 μm pore size) composed of silicone rubber were coated with medical grade biomaterials: Biolite®, TEDMAC-heparin, and Biomer®.These grafts were compared to each other and to control grafts of silicone rubber and Biomer that did not have coatings. Following three hours of implantation in the canine femoral artery, the prostheses were removed, opened longitudinally and evaluated for quantity of thrombus, % thrombus free surface, and type of thrombus. Silicone rubber grafts coated with Biolite carbon had the least thrombogenic flow surface followed by the control Biomer grafts, Biomer-coated silicone rubber grafts, TEDMAC-heparin coated silicone rubber grafts, and the control silicone rubber grafts. Due to the small number of samples, no statistical analysis was performed. Hence, the conclusions drawn are tentative.
Management of the patient with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram.

Angina in the setting of a normal coronary angiogram (NOCAD) occurs in 20% to 30% of patients undergoing coronary angiography. The management of these patients can be challenging and requires a correct diagnosis of the etiology. The differential diagnosis of NOCAD can be classified anatomically into three categories: (1) epicardial disease, (2) coronary microvascular dysfunction, and (3) noncoronary disease. The pathophysiology of NOCAD and a systematic diagnostic approach to these patients is reviewed. Potential therapeutic options and prognosis are also discussed.
Clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study of endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis

1. Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of ChurgStrauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1094–1100. 2. Takanashi T, Uchida S, Arita M, et al. Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor and ischemic vasculitis in Churg-Strauss syndrome: report of two cases and review of the literature. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1129–1133. 3. Penfold PL, Wen L, Madigan MC, et al. Triamcinolone acetonide modulates permeability and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression of the ECV304 cell line: implications for macular degeneration. Clin Exp Immunol 2000;121:458–465. 4. Jonas JB, Kreissig I, Degenring RF. Treatment of oedematous, proliferative and neovascular diseases by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2003;220:384–390. 5. Jonas JB, Kreissig I, Degenring R. Intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:24–27.
Geoindicators for river and river-valley monitoring in the humid tropics

Geoindicators for rivers and river valleys in the humid tropics are suggested to indicate environmental change during periods of up to a century. Geoindicators suggested for upland areas of supply are rainfall-runoff relations, rates of soil movement and slope failure, and analyses of drainage density. Data applicable to sediment storage in lowlands are rates of sediment deposition as shown by monuments, short-lived radioisotopes, and pollen. Discharges of water, sediment, and dissolved solids are basic geoindicators for large streams, especially when analyses include flood frequency, stage-discharge relations, flow duration, sediment-rating curves, and comparisons of dissolved loads to sediment loads. The utility of geoindicators in the humid tropics may be greatest if observation sites are selected with a network design to permit comparisons of sites with similar conditions of climate and drainage-basin characteristics.
RECRUITING AND SELECTING COMMUNITY COLLEGE FACULTY

Recruiting and selecting faculty members is a challenging, expensive, and time‐consuming task for 2‐year institutions. Organizational processes help a search committee distribute work among members...
Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Human Cytochrome P450 1A2 by Furafylline: Detection of a 1:1 Adduct to Protein and Evidence for the Formation of a Novel Imidazomethide Intermediate†

The rapid loss of human CYP1A2 (cytochrome P450 1A2) activity caused by the 8-methylxanthine furafylline is investigated with the aim of determining whether a stable covalent adduct of the xanthine to the enzyme could be identified. Metabolic studies employing expressed CYP1A2 with radiolabeled furafylline and a close analogue, cyclohexylline, where the furan ring is replaced with cyclohexane, indicate that these xanthines are bound in a 1:1 ratio to CYP1A2 protein. This result, combined with earlier kinetic studies, verifies that these compounds are mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme. The 8'-methyl carbinols are the only metabolites formed by CYP1A2, and substantial (70-80%) incorporation of oxygen from the medium into the carbinols is observed. Carbinol formation is further characterized by high intramolecular isotope effects (kH/kD > 9) and low intermolecular isotope effects (DV/K < 2). Overall partition ratios are low (5.0 and 7.6, respectively), confirming our previous conclusion that furafylline is an efficient inactivator. By contrast, the N7-methyl-8-methylxanthines are good substrates for CYP1A2 but are not themselves inactivating agents. In addition to other metabolic products, the 8'-methyl carbinols of these N7-methyl-8-methylxanthines are formed in substantial amounts with equally high intramolecular isotope effects; however, the carbinol oxygen is derived exclusively from molecular oxygen. We conclude that oxidation of the 8-methyl group of furafylline and cyclohexylline, but not their N7-methyl analogues, by CYP1A2 promotes a major fraction of the inactivating xanthines to a two electron oxidized intermediate which either terminates enzyme activity by reaction with an active site amino acid or is decomposed by reaction with the medium to give carbinol.
Reexamining Racial Resentment: Conceptualization and Content

There is an ongoing debate in the racial attitudes literature about the degree to which new racism measures actually tap negative racial beliefs. Racial resentment is one construct that has been criticized on such grounds. To date, Kinder and Sanders (1996) have proposed the most commonly utilized measure of racial resentment, which is largely based on a similar construct—symbolic racism. The authors enter this discussion by proposing and testing an alternative racial resentment measure, one that is more explicit. They analyze data from two convenience samples of college students and from two national adult samples. They find the Explicit Racial Resentment (EXR) measure to have strong measurement properties and associations with known correlates of racial attitudes, suggesting promise as a survey-based indicator of underlying racial resentment.
Exploring the Effects of Sexual Desire Discrepancy Among Married Couples

Previous studies have found associations between the individual discrepancy of desired sexual frequency and actual sexual frequency and relational outcomes among premarital couples. The present study extended this research by using a sample of 1,054 married couples to explore how actor and partner individual sexual desire discrepancy (SDD) scores were associated with relationship satisfaction, stability, communication, and conflict during marriage. All participants took an online survey which assessed both couple sexual dynamics and relationship outcomes. Findings suggested that higher actor individual SDD was generally associated with negative relational outcomes, including lower reported relationship satisfaction, stability, and more reported couple conflict. These effects were found after controlling for background factors, baseline sexual frequency and desire, and couple desire discrepancies. Some partner effects were also found and were generally in the same direction. Marital length did not moderate the effects found although gender moderated associations between individual SDD and reported couple communication. Negative associations between individual SDD and communication were particularly strong when the husband reported high discrepancies between desired and actual sexual frequency. Results suggested that higher individual sexual desire discrepancies among married individuals may undermine relationship well-being. Applications of these findings to a clinical setting are also discussed.
Development and relationships of locomotor, feeding, and oxygen consumption rhythms in house crickets

. Locomotor, feeding, drinking, and oxygen consumption rhythms in adult virgin Acheta domesticus L. all appear to peak in the first half of the scotophase, be entrained cophasically by a LD 14:10 h cycle, have a lights-off Zeitgeber and persist in LL with a πc. 25 h for the locomotor rhythm and c. 23 h for the oxygen consumption rhythm. There is no evidence of these rhythms in last instar larvae. The onset of the locomotor rhythm requires 3 days at 30°C but 5–7 days at 25–28°C after the final ecdysis in virgins, indicating a temperature related development of the locomotor rhythm. Oxygen consumption rhythms are lacking in 2-day-old virgins but present in 8-day-old virgins. Feeding rhythms can be recorded in virgins as young as 2 days (before locomotor rhythm developed). Both oxygen consumption and locomotor rhythms persist during starvation. The results suggest that a central brain oscillator drives both feeding and locomotor rhythms independently, but that the oxygen consumption rhythm is derived from the metabolic demands associated with the other rhythms.
CREEP AND DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF TOMATO CONCENTRATES: EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION AND FINISHER SCREEN SIZE

Based on laser diffraction, pulp particles > 900 μm were detected in tomato concentrates; particles greater than 100-200 μm were found in serum from a concentrate. Creep-compliance and dynamic rheological data showed that viscoelastic properties of 21° Brix tomato concentrates using a 0.84 mm finisher screen were higher than those from a 0. 69 mm screen. Both types of viscoelastic properties were sensitive to increase in concentration in that they increased with increase in Brix of the concentrates. Magnitudes of instantaneous modulus (G 0 = 1/J 0 ) of the tomato concentrates were of the same order of magnitude as the storage modulus (G') at 1 rad s -1 .
Software design representation: A case study

In on attempt to improve the representation used for software design, this paper describes the representation used on an actual project. Improvement through the use of case studies such as this one requires explicit analysis; this is presented in the following paper, so that the two should be read together.
Influence of a poor-quality low-energy ration on lipolytic activity in milk.

Abstract Four Holstein cows were placed for 8 wk on a ration composed of 47% cottonseed hulls, 40% cottonseed meal, 10% molasses, 2% bonemeal, 1% salt, and 2.3kg of very poor quality native hay per day. Four similar Holstein cows were kept on the regular herd ration as the control group. Feeding rates of the experimental ration were at a level to provide only 50% of the energy requirements for maintenance and milk production. Susceptibilities of milk from these animals to spontaneous- and agitation-induced rancidity were compared to milk from animals on normal herd ration. Average mean difference between induced and initial ADV's in the milk was 1.34 for the experimental cows and 0.99 for the controls, which was significant, P
Correlation of ammonia liberation and calcium deposition by the avian egg and blood ammonia levels in the laying hen.

Mittels biochemischer Daten wird der Nachweis erbracht, dass im Ovidukt des Huhnes wahrend der Schalenbildung zwar vermehrt NH4 + freigesetzt wird, jedoch eine negative Korrelation zwischen NH4 +-Produktion und Ca++-Abscheidung besteht.
A Petrified Lepidophyte Cone From The Pennsylvanian Of Michigan

Fossilized remains of the strobili of the Paleozoic Lycopodiales have frequently been reported but usually as flattened impressions showing little or none of the original structure. Of petrified remains structurally preserved, only two discoveries have thus far been reported in America. Lepidostrobus Fischeri Scott & Jeffrey (3) is a portion of a petrified strobilus from the Mississippian of Kentucky, and another specimen which has not received specific designation is reported from the Pennsylvanian of Iowa (i). The recently discovered Michigan specimen is an entire cone but neither of the others were complete. The specimen under consideration was found by Professor H. H. Bartlett in a sandstone layer in a shale pit one mile west of Grand Ledge, Michigan, during the summer of I929. The formation exposed at this place is considered as belonging to the Pottsville series which is low down in the Pennsylvanian system. Two coal seams, each a foot or more in thickness, are exposed in the quarry and the accompanying shales and sandstones have yielded several species of Carboniferous plants. Stigmaria ficoides, the root like organ of the Lepidodendreae, is abundant. The cone, which measured 2.5 X I .5 centimeters, had the general shape and dimensions of a good sized cigar (text fig. I). It tapered rather gradually at both ends and had been flattened to about one-half of its original diameter. Judging from the base of the cone, it was originally borne on a peduncle. Preservation of the structure is only partial. The xylem strand is intact but the phloem, the cortex, and the attachment of the sporophylls have disappeared. Also the spores had escaped and nothing remained of the sporangia except the crumpled fragments of the walls mixed with the infiltrated siliceous matrix. Since most of the structure of the sporophylls had disappeared and the sporangia had collapsed, very little could be determined concerning the morphology of these parts. However, decay did not take place until the enclosing matrix had partly solidified which resulted in the formation of cavities in the rock mass which were formerly occupied by the bracts. The cavities corresponding to the free upturned laminae on the distal portion of the stipes are well shown on the upper portion of the cone. On the lower portion the outside is broken away so as to show the
Adolescent Mothers' Perceptions of their Work Lives in the Future: Are They Stable?

Adolescent parents 'decisions about work are related to other critical life decisions about marriage, education, economic self-sufficiency, and interpersonal relationships. Such decisions may be ba...
A Review of SimuMCAT: A Simulation Software for Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Testing.

This article reviews the software package SimuMCAT that simulates unidimensional and multidimensional computerized adaptive testing with various types of items (dichotomous/polytomous) and loading structures (simple-/complex-structured). In addition, the software allows users to choose from five different item selection procedures, two stopping rules for variable-length tests, as well as test constraints to satisfy test blueprint and limit item exposure.
Tracking in an inhomogeneous solenoid

Abstract This article presents a technique that deals with the effects of inhomogeneous solenoidal magnetic fields on charged particle trajectories. A simple analytic expression is derived that gives corrections to track coordinates that yield optimal momentum and vertex resolutions. It is demonstrated that field homogeneity is not an essential requirement for a precise charged particle tracking system.
Considerations of Alloy N for Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor Applications

Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors (FHRs) are a promising new class of thermal-spectrum nuclear reactors. The reactor structural materials must possess high-temperature strength and chemical compatibility with the liquid fluoride salt as well as with a power cycle fluid such as supercritical water while remaining resistant to residual air within the containment. Alloy N was developed for use with liquid fluoride salts and it possesses adequate strength and chemical compatibility up to about 700°C. A distinctive property of FHRs is that their maximum allowable coolant temperature is restricted by their structural alloy maximum service temperature. As the reactor thermal efficiency directly increases with the maximum coolant temperature, higher temperature resistant alloys are strongly desired. This paper reviews the current status of Alloy N and its relevance to FHRs including its design principles, development history, high temperature strength, environmental resistance, metallurgical stability, component manufacturability, ASME codification status, and reactor service requirements. The review will identify issues and provide guidance for improving the alloy properties or implementing engineering solutions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Trafficking experiences and psychological dysfunction among female trafficking survivors returning to Vietnam

Abstract Background Studies have shown high levels of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in female trafficking survivors and that mental disorders might be associated with factors such as pretrafficking childhood abuse, trafficking trauma, and unmet needs at post-trafficking. No study has provided comparisons of trafficking experiences and subsequent psychological dysfunction between individuals trafficked for different types of exploitation. Methods A cross-sectional convenience sample of trafficked women and girls returning to and receiving assistance through a post-trafficking project in Vietnam's northern border region were recruited for the study. Participants who provided informed consent were interviewed about demographic characteristics, trafficking experiences including trafficking trauma, and self-reported health. Psychological dysfunction was assessed by a score on the self-reporting questionnaire-20 items. Univariate and bivariate statistics were done to examine distributions of trafficking experience and psychological dysfunction between women trafficked into sex work, marriage, and domestic servitude. Multivariate regression analyses were done to determine predictive factors of psychological status in this sample of returning trafficking survivors. Findings 80 of 92 participants who agreed to participate in the study had complete data for the dependent variable; of whom 23 reported being trafficked into sex work, 15 into marriages, 12 into domestic servitude, and 30 in other/missing category. In the sample, age at trafficking averaged at 21·0 years (SD 5·5, range 14–45), duration of trafficking averaged at 7·9 months (SD 12·2, range 0–58), and most (n=57) were rescued by the police. Participants reported an average of 5·5 trauma items (of 18, SD 3·9, range 0–14). Individuals in domestic servitude reported the most amount of trauma (mean 8·4, SD 2·7, range 4–12), followed by those in sex work (mean 6·1, SD 3·9, range 0–14), and then those in marriages (mean 4·8, SD 2·7, range 0–10). The sample averaged a self-reporting questionnaire-20 score of 7·2 (SD 3·8, range 0–20). Regression analysis showed that individuals trafficked into marriages and domestic servitude reported significantly more psychological dysfunction than those trafficked into sex work, when adjusted for age, marital status, trafficking duration, and trafficking trauma (marriage: b=3·02, SE 1·17, p=0·012; domestic servitude: b=2·47, SE 1·21, p=0·045). Interpretation Trafficking trauma and post-trafficking psychological dysfunction might be different between women trafficked into sex work, marriages, or domestic servitude. Provision of services for trafficking survivors should assess the types and severity of trauma and mental health status while remaining cognisant of the specific type of exploitation. Further evidence is needed to determine if these patterns are present in other samples of trafficking survivors. Funding None.
Electrode measurement of redox potential in anaerobic ferric/ferrous chloride systems

Abstract The behaviour of two inert redox electrodes (Pt and wax-impregnated graphite) was investigated in anaerobic ferrous and ferric chloride solutions in order to establish if these electrodes respond to the Fe3+/Fe2+ couple in a Nernstian manner. A new method for determining dissolved ferric iron at any point in time was used which permitted the calculation of Eh values that are independent of variations in the solubility of ferric oxyhydroxides. This method is applicable to simple iron solution at pH levels of 4 or less. In solutions of ironic strength greater than 0.005 M, both electrodes yielded measured potentials that correspond to the value calculated by the Nernst equation. In solutions of ionic strength less than 0.005 M, electrode response became non-Nernstian. Low exchange current densities did not appear to be responsible for the non-Nernstian behaviour.