cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 in surface waters collected and evaluated by the information collection rule and an integrated cell culture-nested PCR procedure.

We evaluated the use of an integrated cell culture-reverse transcription-PCR (ICC-RT-PCR) procedure coupled with nested PCR to detect human astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 in surface water samples that were collected and evaluated by using the Information Collection Rule (ICR) method. The results obtained with the ICC-RT-PCR-nested PCR method were compared to the results obtained with the total culturable virus assay-most-probable-number (TCVA-MPN) method, the method recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for monitoring viruses in surface and finished waters. Twenty-nine ICR surface water samples were analyzed. Viruses were concentrated by using filter adsorption-beef extract elution and organic flocculation techniques, and then the preparations were evaluated for viruses by visualizing cytopathic effects in the Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGMK) cell line. In the ICC-RT-PCR-nested PCR technique we used Caco-2 cells to propagate astroviruses and enteroviruses (ICC step), and we used BGMK cells to propagate adenovirus types 40 and 41, as well as enteroviruses. Fifteen of the 29 samples (51.7%) were positive for astrovirus as determined by the ICC-RT-PCR-nested PCR method, and eight of these samples (27.5%) contained infectious astrovirus. Seventeen of the 29 samples (58.6%) were positive for enteroviruses when the BGMK cell line was used, and six (27.6%) of these samples were determined to be infectious. Fourteen of the 29 samples (48.3%) were positive for adenovirus types 40 and 41, and 11 (37.9%) of these samples were determined to be infectious. Twenty-seven of the 29 samples (93.1%) were positive for a virus, and 19 (68.9%) of the samples were positive for an infectious virus. Only 5 of the 29 samples (17.2%) were positive as determined by the TCVA-MPN method. The ICC-RT-PCR-nested PCR method provided increased sensitivity compared to the TCVA-MPN method.
The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest

Net canopy interception (Inet) during rainfall in an old-growth Douglas-fir–western hemlock ecosystem was 22.8 and 25.0% of the gross rainfall (PG) for 1999 and 2000, respectively. The average direct throughfall proportion ( p) and canopy storage capacity (S) derived from high-temporal resolution throughfall measurements were 0.36 and 3.3 mm, respectively. Derived values of S were very sensitive to the estimated evaporation during canopy wetting (Iw). Evaporation during wetting was typically small due to low vapor pressure deficits that usually occur at the start of an event, therefore Iw is best estimated using the Penman method during canopy wetting, rather than assuming a constant evaporation rate over an entire event. S varied seasonally, from an average of 3.0 mm in the spring and fall, to 4.1 mm in the summer, coincident with canopy phenology changes. Interception losses during large storms that saturated the canopy accounted for 81% of Inet. Canopy drying after events comprised 47% of Inet, evaporation during rainfall comprised 33%, and evaporation during wetting accounted for 1%. Interception associated with small storms insufficient to saturate the canopy accounted for 19% of Inet. The Gash analytical model accurately estimated both Inet and the individual components of Inet in this system when applied on an event basis, and when the Penman method was used to compute evaporation during rainfall. The Gash model performed poorly when applied on a daily basis, due to a rainfall regime characterized by long-duration events, which violated the assumption of one rain event per day. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Charge-Based Low-Power High-SNR Capacitive Sensing Interface Circuit

This paper describes a low-power approach to capacitive sensing that achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The circuit is composed of a capacitive feedback charge amplifier and a charge adaptation circuit. Without the adaptation circuit, the charge amplifier only consumes 1 muW to achieve the audio band SNR of 69.34 dB. An adaptation scheme using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and channel hot-electron injection mechanisms to stabilize the dc output voltage is demonstrated. This scheme provides a very low frequency pole at 0.2 Hz. The measured noise spectrums show that this slow-time scale adaptation does not degrade the circuit performance. The dc path can also be provided by a large feedback resistance without causing extra power consumption. A charge amplifier with a MOS-bipolar pseudo-resistor feedback scheme is interfaced with a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for ultrasound applications.
Code Sepsis: Development of a Sepsis Protocol for the Obstetric Patient

Childbearing Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program In 2003, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign partnered with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), which led to Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundles for quality improvement techniques to treat sepsis and decrease mortality. Although great strides have been made in early recognition and intervention for sepsis in the general population, there has been little focus on the obstetric population and their unique considerations. The labor and delivery (LD however, the staff at Women and Children's recognized that sepsis presentation in the obstetric population was unique and would require specific bundles. As frontline caregivers who perform initial assessments, the nurses in L&D are a critical part of the health care team responsible for early identification and timely intervention. Using the Iowa model, benchmarking, and a current literature review, a multidisciplinary team collaborated to establish a protocol and a sepsis screening tool specific to the obstetric patient. Preeducational and posteducational surveys were created to identify knowledge deficits surrounding sepsis, and educational in-services were presented to staff. Posteducational surveys showed improvements in early identification and recognition to promptly treat sepsis in the hospital setting. Implications for Nursing Practice In many cases, sepsis-related deaths and additional severe comorbidities are preventable through swift detection and treatment. The first 24 hours in sepsis treatment are critical because mortality increases with each passing hour sepsis goes unrecognized and untreated. Implementation of standardized sepsis education, initiation of a sepsis screening tool, and a sepsis protocol can improve the care provided to patients. Incorporating a standardized, multidisciplinary approach will ensure that patients receive the best care to promote optimal outcomes.
A Model for Protein Sequence Evolution Based on Selective Pressure for Protein Stability: Application to Hemoglobins

Negative selection against protein instability is a central influence on evolution of proteins. Protein stability is maintained over evolution despite changes in underlying sequences. An empirical all-site stability-based model of evolution was developed to focus on the selection of residues arising from their contributions to protein stability. In this model, site rates could vary. A structure-based method was used to predict stationary frequencies of hemoglobin residues based on their propensity to promote protein stability at a site. Sites with destabilizing residues were shown to change more rapidly in hemoglobins than sites with stabilizing residues. For diverse proteins the results were consistent with stability-based selection. Maximum likelihood studies with hemoglobins supported the stability-based model over simple Poisson-based methods. These observations are consistent with suggestions that purifying selection to maintain protein structural stability plays a dominant role in protein evolution.
Solid solutions of AlN and SiC grown by plasma-assisted, gas-source molecular beam epitaxy

Solid solutions of aluminum nitride (AlN) and silicon carbide (SiC), the only intermediate phases in their respective binary systems, have been grown at 1050 [degree]C on [alpha](6H)--SiC (0001) substrates cut 3[minus]4[degree] off-axis toward [11[bar 2]0] using plasma-assisted, gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. A film having the approximate composition of (AlN)[sub 0.3](SiC)[sub 0.7], as determined by Auger spectrometry, was selected for additional study and is the focus of this note. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the film was monocrystalline with the wurtzite (2H) crystal structure.
Slides: A dictionary system for computer controlled study of graphic or pictorial displays

This paper describes a general purpose riling system which permits a user to assign labels to particular objects or a group of objects for any of a large number of photographic slides. Stored in a computer in the form of a “dictionary”, the information can be used to drive a carousel-type projector in synchrony with an unfolding “dialogue” which takes place at a teletype console between a computer user and his machine. The system makes it possible to incorporate photographically organized pictorial, graphic, or diagrammatic information into computer programs without having to resort to complex programming. An example of one type of implementation is given to illustrate special features and potentialities of the system. This is accompanied by a discussion of the rationale employed as well as a detailed description of key functions used in manipulating the slides data in con junction with other computer generated information. The flexibility achieved through the creation of the dictionary makes the system particularly attractive as a research tool, since it not only permits the researcher to use pictorial material in intimate interaction with sophisticated natural language interchanges, but it also provides a simple vehicle to test alternative strategies or materials without extensive programming. Finally, it may be used as an aid in attempts to evaluate pictorial material using the computer's computational and logical decision-making capacity.
Expressing the self through greeting card sentiment: Working theories of authentic communication in a commercial form

• As mass-produced vehicles of sentiment, greeting cards draw attention to the use of socially constructed codes for communicating, even feeling, emotion. This article describes the results of interviews with 51 greeting card consumers, focusing on what makes greeting cards 'personal' for them, despite their mass-produced nature. Consumers negotiate their relationships with pre-printed sentiments differently depending on whether their allegiance is stronger to an expressive individualist understanding of authenticity or a ritual perspective, and these allegiances tend to reflect cultural capital. Specifically, suspicion of pre-printed sentiments is common among people with higher cultural capital, while this is the feature of greeting cards that is most important to other greeting card consumers. I argue that scholars should avoid taking an expressive individualist understanding of authenticity as a standard against which we evaluate mass culture and its consumption. •
Essential Role of Nuclear Factor κB in the Induction of Eosinophilia in Allergic Airway Inflammation

The molecular mechanisms that contribute to an eosinophil-rich airway inflammation in asthma are unclear. A predominantly T helper 2 (Th2)-type cell response has been documented in allergic asthma. Here we show that mice deficient in the p50 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)- κB are incapable of mounting eosinophilic airway inflammation compared with wild-type mice. This deficiency was not due to a block in T cell priming or proliferation in the p50−/− mice, nor was it due to a defect in the expression of the cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 that are required for the extravasation of eosinophils into the airways. The major defects in the p50−/− mice were the lack of production of the Th2 cytokine interleukin 5 and the chemokine eotaxin, which are crucial for proliferation and for differentiation and recruitment, respectively, of eosinophils into the asthmatic airway. Additionally, the p50−/− mice were deficient in the production of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β that have been implicated in T cell recruitment to sites of inflammation. These results demonstrate a crucial role for NF-κB in vivo in the expression of important molecules that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Project-Based Learning of Advanced Computer Graphics and Interaction

This paper presents an educational case study and its pedagogical lessons. It is a project-based course in advanced computer graphics and interaction, DH2413, conducted in the fall of 2012 at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden. The students and the teacher, the author, learned through a constructivist approach. The students defined and researched the material covered in class through their theme selection of original research projects which consisted of interactive graphics systems. The students demonstrated, taught, and discussed with each other what they had learned. Finally, the students openly presented their work to hundreds of people in large public venues. The teacher s role was to design the learning environment, guide the research, provide indepth lectures on the research material chosen by the students, and organize and motivate the students to produce accountable results. In synthesis, the pedagogical lessons are: 1) learning means building with self-motivation, guidance, and accountability; 2) self-motivation means trust and independence; 3) guidance means asking for less, not more; and 4) accountability means public presentations of working systems.
A QCD Survey: 0≤Q2≤105GeV2

Selected, recent results, primarily form collider experiments but including some fixed target experiments, are presented as a survey of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The concepts of leading order and next-to-leading order QCD are introduced. Inclusive jet and dijet production and deep inelastic ep scattering at very large momentum transfer are shown to be in good agreement with perturbative QCD (pQCD). Dijet, three-jet and multi-jet results from , ep, and ee colliders Q2 are also compared to pQCD. BFKR searches from all three colliders are discussed. Recent measurements of structure functions and contributions to the parton distribution functions are presented. New measurements of αs are summarized, the world average is αs = 0.1184 ± 0.0031.
Application of marketing companies in the Czech Republic

The article deals with the use of marketing activities in some firms in the Czech Republic. It is not only manufacturing companies but also companies providing services. Article characterize as some companies understand the concept of marketing and how to access to use it in their companies. Further reveals how the marketing activities undertaken and the importance attributed to this activity.
Evidence for a 180-km-long subducted slab beneath northern California

We present new seismic data for subduction of a 180-km-long segment of the Gorda plate beneath Cape Mendocino in northern California. The inclined seismic zone dips ∼10 to 11° in the direction S68°E for a length of 120 km to depths of 30 to 35 km, then steepens in dip to 25° and plunges to depths of at least 60 km. P -wave focal mechanisms of two earthquakes at depths of 30 and 58 km are consistent with downdip tension and imply that these events resulted from stresses within the slab and not from Gorda-North American plate interaction.
Is the doer effect a causal relationship?: how can we tell and why it's important

The "doer effect" is an association between the number of online interactive practice activities students' do and their learning outcomes that is not only statistically reliable but has much higher positive effects than other learning resources, such as watching videos or reading text. Such an association suggests a causal interpretation--more doing yields better learning--which requires randomized experimentation to most rigorously confirm. But such experiments are expensive, and any single experiment in a particular course context does not provide rigorous evidence that the causal link will generalize to other course content. We suggest that analytics of increasingly available online learning data sets can complement experimental efforts by facilitating more widespread evaluation of the generalizability of claims about what learning methods produce better student learning outcomes. We illustrate with analytics that narrow in on a causal interpretation of the doer effect by showing that doing within a course unit predicts learning of that unit content more than doing in units before or after. We also provide generalizability evidence across four different courses involving over 12,500 students that the learning effect of doing is about six times greater than that of reading.
Running Parallel Discrete Event Simulators on Sierra

In this proposal we consider porting the ROSS/Charm++ simulator and the discrete event models that run under its control so that they run on the Sierra architecture and make efficient use of the Volta GPUs.
Joining the Game: Living and Learning as an Action Researcher.

This study reports on graduate students’ thoughts and beliefs about utilizing action research as a means of professional development two years after their graduation from a Master of Arts program in Education. Because many school districts now encourage teachers to engage in self-study and to collect data that informs their instruction, the author sought to broaden graduate students’ view of action research as a tool that can enhance several areas of practice. The article discusses feedback from students who learned the benefits of action research in their program of study, and their beliefs about the use of action research to (a) model a commitment to learning for continuous professional growth, (b) set into motion a plan for professional development, (c) create new options or solve problems, and (d) act as a path for leadership opportunities in their buildings or districts. Students generally reported the benefits of utilizing action research as a tool for continuous professional development.
Isolation and Identification on Pathogens of Swine Streptococcosis and PCR Assays for Detection of Virulence Factors of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2

Gram-postive bacterium,identificated with Streptococcus suis serotype 2 by Rapid ID 32 Strep reagent of Streptococcus suis,was isolated in Guangxi.PCR assays were performed for detection of cps2J and three virulence factors,muramidase-relseased protein(MRP),extracelluar factor(EF) and suilysin gene(SLY) of Streptococcus suis.The sequence analysis revealed 98.8% homology to that of cps2J in GenBank.Virulence factors of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 were sly+mrp+ef+,which indicated that the cause of acute death of pigs was high-virulence Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in the pig farm.It was showed that determined bacteria caused infected rats death and leaded to infected rabbits showing temperature hoist to 40.3 ℃ and death due to blood poisoning.
Study on Combined Insulation Configuration of 500 kV AC Transmission Line

In order to provide reference for insulation engineering design and application,the voltage distribution of a combined insulation in EHV transmission lines was studied for glass insulators installed at both end of a composite insulator.Three-dimensional finite element models of electrostatic field were established to compute the voltage distribution referring to the actual shape of composite and glass insulators,and static voltmeter was used to measure the voltage distribution in laboratory.The comparison of results showed that the combination with five pieces of glass insulator installed at high voltage side,and grading rings installed at joint and low voltage side can effectively improve the voltage distribution of composite insulators,with the voltage percentage of the junction reduced from 28% to 12%.
Effect of hypoxia on nitric oxide production in neonatal pig lung

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors potentiate hypoxic vasoconstriction (HV), suggesting that NO production during hypoxia normally acts to attenuate HV. To begin to examine the effect of hypoxia on lung NO production, we studied four groups of isolated neonatal pig lungs. In three groups of lungs, the accumulation of nitrite/nitrate (NOx-) was measured in the recirculating perfusate during ventilation with a control gas mixture (Cont), a hypoxic gas mixture (Hyp), or the control gas mixture with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) added to the perfusate. Both hypoxia and L-NAME significantly increased perfusion pressure [pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa)-pulmonary venous pressure (Pv)] compared with control. NOx- accumulated in the perfusate at an average rate of 9.1 +/- 2.3 (SE) nmol/min in Cont, 3.7 +/- 0.8 nmol/min (P < 0.05 vs. control) in Hyp, and 3.7 +/- 0.6 nmol/min (P < 0.05 vs. control) in L-NAME. In the fourth group of lungs, exhaled NO output was measured during ventilation with th...
Altered Host Response and Special Infections in the Elderly

Infection remains one of the most common causes for Emergency Department evaluation and hospital admission in the elderly. Unfortunately, aged individuals may not manifest the typical symptoms and signs as their younger counterparts. The emergency physician must recognize that the elderly individual may exhibit a less vigorous physiologic response to infectious states, which can delay or make diagnosis difficult. This article attempts to explain the apparent dysfunctions in the elderly that places this important population at greater risk for certain infections.
On the tightness of an LP relaxation for rational optimization and its applications

We consider the problem of optimizing a linear rational function subject to totally unimodular (TU) constraints over {0,1} variables. Such formulations arise in many applications including assortment optimization. We show that a natural extended LP relaxation of the problem is tight. In other words, any extreme point corresponds to an integral solution. We also consider more general constraints that are not TU but obtained by adding an arbitrary constraint to the set of TU constraints. Using structural insights about extreme points, we present a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the general problem.
The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Dietary Protein and Fat on Blood Gas, Hematologic Serum Chemistry, and Body Temperature Before and After Exercise in Labrador Retrievers.

Optimal dietary protocols for the athletic canine are often defined by requirements for endurance athletes, that do not always translate into optimal dietary interventions for all canine athletes. Prior research studying detection dogs suggests that dietary fat sources can influence olfaction; however, as fat is added to the diet the protein calories can be diminished potentially resulting in decreased red blood cell counts or albumin status. Optimal macronutrient profile for detection dogs may be different considering the unique work they engage in. To study a calorically high protein: low fat (18:57% ME), high protein: high fat (27:57% ME), and high protein: low fat (27:32% ME) approach to feeding, 17 dogs were provided various diets in a 3 x 3 cross over design. Dogs were exercised on a treadmill and blood was taken pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 10 minutes and 20 minutes post-exercise to assess complete blood count, serum chemistry, blood gases, and cortisol; as well as rectal and core body temperature. Exercise induced a decrease in serum phosphorus, potassium, and increases in non-esterified fatty acids and cortisol typical of moderate exercise bouts. A complete and balanced high protein: high fat diet (27:57% ME) induced decreases in serum cortisol and alkaline phosphatase. Corn oil top dressed low protein: high fat diet (18:57% ME) induced a slightly better thermal recovery than a complete and balanced high fat: high protein diet and a low fat: high protein (32:27% ME) diet suggesting some mild advantages when using the high fat: low protein diet that warrant further investigation regarding optimal protein and fat calories and thermal recovery.
Early molecular events during retinoic acid induced differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors.

ABSTRACT Bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) residing in the caudal epiblast drive coordinated body axis extension by generating both posterior neuroectoderm and presomitic mesoderm. Retinoic acid (RA) is required for body axis extension, however the early molecular response to RA signaling is poorly defined, as is its relationship to NMP biology. As endogenous RA is first seen near the time when NMPs appear, we used WNT/FGF agonists to differentiate embryonic stem cells to NMPs which were then treated with a short 2-h pulse of 25 nM RA or 1 µM RA followed by RNA-seq transcriptome analysis. Differential expression analysis of this dataset indicated that treatment with 25 nM RA, but not 1 µM RA, provided physiologically relevant findings. The 25 nM RA dataset yielded a cohort of previously known caudal RA target genes including Fgf8 (repressed) and Sox2 (activated), plus novel early RA signaling targets with nearby conserved RA response elements. Importantly, validation of top-ranked genes in vivo using RA-deficient Raldh2−/− embryos identified novel examples of RA activation (Nkx1-2, Zfp503, Zfp703, Gbx2, Fgf15, Nt5e) or RA repression (Id1) of genes expressed in the NMP niche or progeny. These findings provide evidence for early instructive and permissive roles of RA in controlling differentiation of NMPs to neural and mesodermal lineages.
Nephropleural Fistula Effectively Managed with Serial Thoracentesis: A Case Report

Abstract Nephropleural fistulae are rare but serious thoracic complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Herein, we present the management of a 54-year-old female with a delayed presentation of nephropleural fistula. The role of serial thoracentesis as a safe, less invasive, less painful alternative to tube thoracostomy is highlighted. In select cases, this may represent an attractive management strategy for nephropleural fistula after PCNL.
Acute plasma tau relates to prolonged return to play after concussion

Objective: To determine whether tau changes after sport-related concussion (SRC) relate to return to play (RTP). Methods: Collegiate athletes underwent preseason plasma sampling and cognitive testing and were followed. After a SRC (n = 46), athletes and controls (n = 37) had sampling at 6 hours, and at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after SRC. A sample of 21 nonathlete controls were compared at baseline. SRC athletes were grouped by long (>10 days, n = 23) and short (≤10 days, n = 18) RTP. Total tau was measured using an ultrasensitive immunoassay. Results: Both SRC and athlete controls had significantly higher mean tau at baseline compared to nonathlete healthy controls ( F 101,3 = 19.644, p F 39,1 = 3.59, p = 0.022), compared to long RTP athletes, at 6 ( p p p = 0.02). Receiver operator characteristic analyses showed that higher plasma tau 6 hours post-SRC was a significant predictor of RTP >10 days (area under the curve 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.97, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Elevated plasma tau concentration within 6 hours following a SRC was related to having a prolonged RTP, suggesting that tau levels may help inform RTP.
Phase Centers of Subapertures in a Tapered Aperture Array.

Antenna apertures that are tapered for sidelobe control can also be parsed into subapertures for Direction of Arrival (DOA) measurements. However, the aperture tapering complicates phase center location for the subapertures, knowledge of which is critical for proper DOA calculation. In addition, tapering affects subaperture gains, making gain dependent on subaperture position. Techniques are presented to calculate subaperture phase center locations, and algorithms are given for equalizing subapertures’ gains. Sidelobe characteristics and mitigation are also discussed.
When Words Are the Weapons: Using Tinker, Bell, and Premises Liability to Keep Schools Safe in a Digital Age

With Tinker nearing its golden anniversary, the Supreme Court has gifted the ruling with a possible continued relevance regarding its applicability in today’s off-campus student-speech world. As a result, both schools and lower courts continue to struggle with how to balance off-campus student speech with the problems it can cause on campus. This Article suggests for the first time that much of the confusion can be eliminated by utilizing a framework for analyzing off-campus student speech based on the well-rooted doctrine of premises liability coupled with relevant portions of Tinker and Bell. This approach calls for an emphasis based on the identity of the speech target. Such an approach not only ensures essential protections to student speech, but also safeguards the institution of education through protecting the most important aspects of the school environment: teachers and students.
Using social network analysis to quantify interoperability in a large system of systems

The Department of Defense (DoD) manages a large, complex system of systems that must operate together on the battlefield to deliver value. However, it is difficult to understand the network wide impacts of changes to the system of systems. The DoD has had difficulty managing this system of systems due to the scale and complexity of the network and traditional systems engineering tools do not provide necessary insights for DoD decision makers. This paper proposes applying social network analysis to understand the interoperability associated with the DoD system of systems. It applies several centrality metrics to a network of Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs) to quantify the interoperability of individual systems within the system of systems. Specifically, it examines the differences between the degree, closeness, and eigenvector centrality metrics to identify which metric best represents the interoperability of individual systems.
Performance of a monolith biotrickling filter treating high concentrations of H2S from mimic biogas and elemental sulfur plugging control using pigging.

Abstract A novel biotrickling filter using a 3D-printed honeycomb-monolith as its filter bed has been proposed and studied in this work and a solution to bed-clogging problems using pigging was demonstrated. The inlet H2S concentration in the mimic biogas was controlled around 1000 ppmv and the empty bed gas residence time (EBRT) was 41 s corresponding to a loading rate of 127 g S–H2S m−3 h−1. The influence of different H2S/O2 ratios on the removal performance and fate of sulfur end-products was investigated. The results indicated that at a H2S/O2 molar ratio of 1:2, an average removal efficiency of 95% and an elimination capacity of 122 g H2S m−3 h−1 was obtained. Under all conditions investigated, elemental sulfur (rather than sulfate) was the dominant end-product which mostly accumulated in the bed. However, the monolith bed design reduced the risk of clogging by elemental sulfur, while bed pigging was shown to be an effective means to remove excess biomass and elemental sulfur accumulated inside the bed and extend the life of the system indefinitely. Altogether, these findings could lead to significant process improvement for biological sweetening of biogas or for removing biomass in biotrickling filters at risk of plugging.
FUJINAMI SARCOMA VIRUS AND SARCOMAGENIC, AVIAN ACUTE LEUKEMIA VIRUSES HAVE SIMILAR GENETIC STRUCTURES

ABSTRACT The structure of the genomic RNAs and the gene products of avian Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) and of avian acute leukemia viruses with sarcomagenic potential, i.e., viruses of the myelocytomatosis (MC29)- and erythroblastosis (AEV)-subgroups, are compared. The genome of replication-defective FSV is a 4.5 kilobase (kb) RNA and, like the RNAs of defective acute leukemia viruses, consists of three distinct sections: an internal FSV-specific section flanked by 5′ and 3′ helper-virus-related sequences. Their related terminal sequences identify each of these viruses as belonging to the avian tumor virus group. The internal specific sequences are the structural basis for the distinction of the different subgroups of avian oncogenic viruses, i.e., the MC29-, AEV-, and FSV-subgroups. These sequences are not shared between members of different subgroups, and are not related to the src gene of the Rous subgroup of sarcoma viruses. In each of these viruses, the 5′- gag gene-related and internal specific sequences together form a genetic unit that codes for a nonstructural phosphoprotein which is probably involved in transformation. These genetic units represent less than the total coding capacity of the acute leukemia viral RNAs. However, in the case of FSV, the genetic complexities of the 4.5-kb RNA and of the 140,000-dalton, FSV-specific protein are nearly identical, a fact which excludes the synthesis of other major proteins, in the same reading frame, and suggests that this protein would be sufficient for transforming function. The 140,000-dalton FSV protein is phosphorylated in an in vitro kinase reaction by itself or an associated phosphokinase.
Minimizing Privilege Assignment Errors in Cloud Services

The Principle of Least Privilege is a security objective of granting users only those accesses they need to perform their duties. Creating least privilege policies in the cloud environment with many diverse services, each with unique privilege sets, is significantly more challenging than policy creation previously studied in other environments. Such security policies are always imperfect and must balance between the security risk of granting over-privilege and the effort to correct for under-privilege. In this paper, we formally define the problem of balancing between over-privilege and under-privilege as the Privilege Error Minimization Problem (PEMP) and present a method for quantitatively scoring security policies. We design and compare three algorithms for automatically generating policies: a naive algorithm, an unsupervised learning algorithm, and a supervised learning algorithm. We present the results of evaluating these three policy generation algorithms on a real-world dataset consisting of 5.2 million Amazon Web Service (AWS) audit log entries. The application of these methods can help create policies that balance between an organization's acceptable level of risk and effort to correct under-privilege.
Requirement for dietary lysine and arginine by fry of rainbow trout.

Triplicate lots of fry of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were fed a basal diet (47% protein) containing 67% corn gluten meal with and without a mixture of essential amino acids. The composition of the mixture was based on the differences between the amino acid contents of corn gluten meal and trout eggs. Fry fed the basal diet without added essential amino acids gained little weight, suffered high mortality and had eroded caudal fins. Addition of the mixture of amino acids (lysine, arginine, histidine, isoleucine, threonine, valine and tryptophan) significantly improved weight gain and prevented nearly all mortality and fin erosion. Single deletions of the amino acids valine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine and isoleucine had no significant effect on weight gain but the deletion of lysine alone significantly reduced weight gain and caused fin erosion and mortality. Deletion of arginine reduced weight gain (P less than .05), but did not cause mortality or fin erosion. Feeding graded levels of each of these two amino acids showed that the minimum lysine requirement for maximum growth was about 6.1% of protein, and the minimum arginine requirement was between 5.4 and 5.9% of protein. The lysine requirements for prevention of fin erosion and mortality appeared to be lower than that for maximum weight gain.
Molecular and Signaling Pathways That Modulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Self-renewal

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells that have the ability to multiply and maintain themselves while retaining the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. This unique attribute of MSCs makes them attractive candidates for tissue repair. MSCs have been utilized in several preclinical and clinical models, but with limited progress in the translation of preclinical observations to clinical success. Inadequate survival of implanted cells in the host tissue is a substantial impediment in the progress of stem cell therapy. It is therefore a big task for the scientific community to understand and exploit the molecular signals that regulate the self-renewal and other properties that may regulate tissue engraftment of MSCs. Several published reports have examined the molecular mediators involved in MSC self-renewal and this chapter assembles the findings. Multiple developmentally conserved pathways have appeared as essential components that modulate MSC fate, including Wnt, BMP, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways. MSCs are introduced into complex microenvironments that provide competitive signals controlling self-renewal and differentiation. An understanding of the interplay between these signals provides a valuable insight into MSC regulation. Concomitantly, we have also reviewed the effects of growth factors, epigenetic modifications and telomerase activity that modulate MSC biology during self-renewal and differentiation. Particularly, we emphasize the involvement of key regulators, such as sFRP2, in maintaining MSC biology during self-renewal. This review will encompass the integration of extrinsic and intrinsic factors that determine the fate of MSCs and will highlight the major scientific developments in understanding the molecular regulators of MSC self-renewal.
Parents’ Beliefs about Child Socialization

It is one of the tenets of anthropology that societies vary in their cultural beliefs about the nature of the world in which they live. Human groups differ in their beliefs about the way rain is created, how diseases spread, and what is the best way to teach a child. These differences extend to the most basic beliefs we have about the nature of the physical world: about human nature, about the supernatural, and about how human beings learn and relate to each other. A recent article in the Annual Review of Anthropology devoted dozens of pages to the different ways in which anthropologists (among others) have tried to define “family” and the different beliefs various cultures have about the best way to live together and to raise children (Yanagisako, 1979). Accepting cultural variation in beliefs and values concerning the family and parenthood is too seldom acknowledged when the subject matter is closer to home. Experts in many fields tend to ignore the cultural diversity of child-rearing beliefs and values in the United States, often to the detriment of families, children, and programs—indeed, to the richness of everyday life. The finding that most startled the 1980 White House Conferences on Families was the lack of agreement concerning definitions of family life, parenthood, and socialization (Sutherland & Meditch, 1980). It should not have been such a surprise.
Sources of college EFL learners' self-efficacy in the English public speaking domain

Abstract The English language is playing an ever-increasing role in global cultural, political, and economic domains. This underscores a rapidly growing need for good English public speaking (EPS) skills among college students and a need to better understand instructionally manipulable factors, such as self-efficacy, that may contribute to EPS skills development. Grounded in Bandura's self-efficacy theory, this study investigated the degree to which four sources of self-efficacy— enactive mastery experience (EME), vicarious experience (VE), verbal persuasion (VP), and physiological and affective states (PAS)—predicted EPS self-efficacy among 263 adult Chinese English as a foreign language learners. The overall results in the combined sample largely support Bandura's hypothesized sources of self-efficacy, with EME, VE, and VP—but not PAS—significantly making unique contributions to predicting EPS self-efficacy. The results by subsample highlight prior EPS course experience, gender, and academic major as factors that may impact the existence and the magnitude of the relationship between self-efficacy and its theoretical sources. This is particularly important for educators who wish to foster their students' EPS self-efficacy beliefs as the findings suggest that different groups of students may respond differently to their instructors' efforts. Pedagogical recommendations for EPS self-efficacy building are discussed.
Pilot Study of the Safety and Tolerability of a Subconjunctival Penciclovir Implant in Cats Experimentally Infected with Herpesvirus

Abstract Purpose: To assess safety and tolerability of a subconjunctival penciclovir implant in cats infected with feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1). Methods: Subconjunctival blank (n = 4 cats) or ...
Targeting Anxiety Sensitivity as a Prevention Strategy

Abstract Psychopathology in general and anxiety disorders in particular represent massive public health burdens due to their prevalence and chronicity, which results in substantial impairment across the lifespan. A multifaceted approach is needed to effectively address issues that require increased attention to prevention efforts. Indeed, there have been numerous calls to increase efforts to address mental health problems from a preventive perspective (e.g., American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1990 ). In a review of prevention for anxiety and related psychopathology, Feldner and Zvolensky concluded that most existing prevention efforts fail to investigate the effects of modifying specific risk factors on the incidence of anxiety psychopathology. Instead, prevention programs for anxiety disorders have typically modified existing treatment strategies rather than targeting a specific risk factor or collection of theorized risk factors. Thus, prevention approaches tend to be symptom driven versus being based on theoretical models of psychopathology. These authors argued that there are several key reasons to incorporate risk-factor research into prevention programs but foremost is that prevention programs designed to target specific risk factors could be enormously helpful in providing causal tests of putative risk factors and thereby directly inform our understanding of these conditions. Work on anxiety sensitivity represents one such opportunity for risk factor focused preventative efforts.
Relationships between microstructure and micromechanical stresses on local pitting during galvanic corrosion in AA7050

Abstract The mechanisms affecting localized stress corrosion in AA7050-T7451 were jointly investigated by spatially characterizing the microstructure, heterogeneous strains, and surface morphological evolution across the same region of interest for three specimens subjected to corrosion under loading. The experimental observations were used to infer local stresses relative to the microstructure via crystal plasticity modeling. The statistical relationships between corrosion and the micromechanical quantities were studied using Gaussian Process modeling. The results showed that highly-concentrated tensile stresses intensify corrosion at the particles, concluding that pitting is a confined chemical process strongly related to the high levels of axial stresses near microstructural features.
Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects Resolve Low-Temperature Substrate Radical Reaction Pathways and Steps in B12-Dependent Ethanolamine Ammonia-Lyase.

The first-order reaction kinetics of the cryotrapped 1,1,2,2-2H4-aminoethanol substrate radical intermediate state in the adenosylcobalamin (B12)-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL) from Sal...
Growth and Flowering of Three Garden Chrysanthemum Cultivars Produced in Plastic or Copper-Impregnated Fiber Containers

Abstract A study was conducted with three garden chrysanthemum cultivars (Dendranthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura), ‘Grenadine’, ‘Nicole’, and ‘Tolima’ to evaluate growth and flowering in 2....
Transcriptional programming using engineered systems of transcription factors and genetic architectures.

The control of gene expression is an important tool for metabolic engineering, the design of synthetic gene networks, and protein manufacturing. The most successful approaches to date are based on modulating mRNA synthesis via an inducible coupling to transcriptional effectors. Here we present a biological programming structure that leverages a system of engineered transcription factors and complementary genetic architectures. We use a modular design strategy to create 27 non-natural and non-synonymous transcription factors using the lactose repressor topology as a guide. To direct systems of engineered transcription factors we employ parallel and series genetic (DNA) architectures and confer fundamental and combinatorial logical control over gene expression. Here we achieve AND, OR, NOT, and NOR logical controls in addition to two non-canonical half-AND operations. The basic logical operations and corresponding parallel and series genetic architectures represent the building blocks for subsequent combinatorial programs, which display both digital and analog performance. Successful approaches for controlling gene expression modulate mRNA synthesis by coupling it to inducible transcription effectors. Here the authors design 27 non-natural and non-synonymous transcription factors.
Graph signal smoothness for direction-of-arrival estimation of source targets using non-uniform line arrays

Performing direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of a detected source target using data collected from an array of sensors is a long-studied problem in signal processing. The emerging framework of signal processing on graphs (SPG) offers the opportunity to look at this problem from a different point of view by adding the concept of a graph underlying the measured data as an extra layer of information that can be incorporated in to the data processing system. While a recent presentation [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143, 1852 (2018)] showed how to use the Graph Fourier Transform to estimate DOA on a uniform line array, the purpose of this talk is to show how we can use the smoothness of a graph signal across vertices for the more involved case of a non-uniform line array. The scope of the problem was narrowed to DOA estimation of a single, far-field, and narrowband source signal. An iterative approach was developed that demonstrates the utility of SPG, and the approach was verified and tested through simulation under different signal-to-noise ratios. We also compared the results to conventional delay-and-sum beamforming to gain insight on what differentiates SPG over existing methods.