cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for cancer.

The first laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed by Clayman and colleagues in 1990. Since then, laparoscopic nephrectomy for symptomatic benign renal pathology has been performed at multiple institutions throughout the world. Based on the excellent results of laparoscopic simple nephrectomy for benign pathology, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is being carefully studied at select centers. Current experiences at these institutions suggest that, in comparison with open surgery, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy allows a technically adequate operation with decreased patient morbidity while affording equivalent cancer control over the intermediate term. At these select institutions, including the author's center, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is rapidly emerging as a preferred treatment alternative in patients with medium-sized (up to 8 cm) renal tumors. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy can be performed by the transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach. This article attempts to place the status of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in perspective. The laparoscopic technique, including patient preparation, positioning, instrumentation, and technical nuances, is presented. After evaluating the worldwide results and complications of the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic approaches, a brief overview of the perceived advantages and disadvantages of each approach is outlined. The pros and cons of morcellation versus intact extraction of the kidney with renal cell carcinoma are discussed. The intermediate-term oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is evaluated and the author's perspective on the future role of this technology presented.
A Novel Low-Power Linear Magnetostrictive Actuator With Local Three-Phase Excitation

Development of a novel low-power linear magnetostrictive actuator is presented in this paper. The magnetostrictive material used here is Terfenol-D, which is an alloy of the formula Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92 . In response to a traveling magnetic field inside the Terfenol-D element, it moves in the opposite direction with a peristaltic motion. The proposed design offers the flexibility to operate the actuator in various configurations including local and conventional three-phase excitation. In this paper, we demonstrate that the power consumption can be reduced significantly by the local excitation approach. A new force-transmission assembly incorporates spring washers to avoid the wear due to the sudden collision of the Terfenol-D element with the force-transmission assembly. The closed-loop control system was implemented using relay control, which resulted in an optimal closed-loop performance. The magnetostrictive motor has demonstrated a 410-N load capacity with a travel range of 45 mm, and the present maximum speed is 9 mm/min. The low speed is due to the local three-phase operation mode, and it could be increased to 60 mm/min by using the conventional three-phase operation. The maximum power consumption by the motor is 95 W.
Where Are Opportunities To Increase Intravenous Thrombolysis In Current Practice? (P7.126)

BACKGROUND: IV-tPA rates fluctuate depending upon location and definition, with large studies showing regional variation from 3% - 21%. To determine opportunities for improving intervention rates for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), it is important to know current thrombolysis rates as well as the theoretical maximum rate achievable within a given community. Understanding the discrepancy between current and potential intervention rates may aid in analyzing possible avenues for improvement. DESIGN/METHODS: Aggregate results from the “Get With The Guidelines” (GWTG) databases of the four primary stroke centers (PSC’s) in Monroe County, NY were analyzed from July 2011 to March 2013. Analysis was restricted to AIS patients presenting with NIHSS≠0 within 3.5 hours of stroke onset (i.e. permitting 蠅 1 hour for thrombolysis within the 4.5 hour window). We recorded whether or not patients received IV-tPA, and tracked their absolute versus relative contraindications as defined by AHA and ECASS-III criteria. RESULTS: There were 2742 patients presenting with AIS/TIA to the four PSC’s during the study. Of all patients presenting within 4.5 hours, 24.5% presented within 3.5 hours with NIHSS≠0, of whom 34.2% received IV-tPA. Reasons for not receiving IV-tPA were categorized as (a) having at least one absolute contraindication (23.3%), (b) having only relative contraindications (59.6%), or (c) no documented contraindication (17.1%). The two most frequent relative contraindications were “rapid improvement” and/or “low NIHSS”, affecting 64.0% patients. CONCLUSIONS: Excluding absolute and undocumented contraindications, patients arriving outside 3.5 hours, and patients with an initial NIHSS of 0, 73.4% of patients with stroke were eligible to receive IV-tPA before considering relative contraindications. Applying recent AHA guidelines promoting IV-tPA use in patients with rapidly improving symptoms and/or low NIHSS could have increased thrombolysis rates of 8.4% to a theoretical maximum of 14.9% in Monroe County. Analogous opportunities may exist for increasing thrombolysis rates across other communities. Disclosure: Dr. Koch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Damania has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benesch has received research support from AGA Medical. Dr. Jahromi has nothing to disclose.
Foodgrain price and trade policy in the Dominican Republic

Abstract As in many developing countries, the Dominican Republic has both an overvalued official foreign exchange rate and a policy of heavy government intervention in foodgrain markets. The Institute of Price Stabilization (INESPRE) controls the marketing, pricing and imports of the staple foodgrain, rice. INESPRE's operations and the overvalued currency produced an undervaluation of domestic rice production and an upward distortion of foodgrain imports. Additionally, the increasingly unfavourable rice-fertilizer price ratio has undoubtedly suppressed yields. As part of a set of austerity measures, the newly elected President banned rice imports. Dominican foodgrain policy may be at an important crossroads and a policy assessment is very timely.
Microchip-based ethanol/oxygen biofuel cell

One of the limitations of lab-on-a-chip technology has been the lack of integrated power supplies for powering various devices on the chip. This research focused on design of a stackable, microchip-based biofuel cell. The biofuel cell is powered by the addition of ethanol through a flow channel to a bioanode. The bioanode contains a micromolded carbon ink anode that has been modified with two layers. The first layer is poly(methylene green), which is an electrocatalyst for NADH oxidation; the second layer is a membrane that contains an immobilized enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase. Each layer was characterized electrochemically. It was found that the poly(methylene green) layer is kinetically-limited, but when the complete bioanode is formed, the bioanode is diffusion-limited due to slow mass transport of NADH within the modified Nafion membrane. When used relative to an external platinum cathode, the biofuel cell showed maximum open circuit potentials of 0.34 V and maximum current densities of 53.0 ± 9.1 µA cm−2. This research demonstrates the feasibility of a microfabricated biofuel cell device.
Cut-set arguments for source-channel networks

This paper suggests a simple cut-set argument to bound the optimum trade-offs, by combining the capacity-cost function of the channel with the rate-distortion function of the source.
A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF SHEET-IRON COVER ENAMELS1

Based on the limits of composition for sheet-iron cover enamels as commercially used, a systematic field of compositions was plotted and studied. The results show the relation between composition and properties of these enamels. The acid-resisting properties were studied and a treatment developed for improving it.
Democratization as a Global Phenomenonand its Impact on Civil-Military Relations

The most recent wave of democratization has placed control over military and security forces in the hands of elected officials in more countries than ever before. Despite the implications of this trend for international security, scholarly work on democratization and civil-military relations has tended to focus on purely local actors, interests, and strategies when explaining outcomes. When the impact of global trends is considered at all, the focus has been on imitation effects or structural changes in the international system. This is at odds with the reality that the international community has deliberately created a large number of programmes and institutions to promote democratization. This article argues that global democracy promotion efforts by leading powers, such as the United States and members of the European Union, have propagated a particular liberal understanding of civil-military relations which, in most parts of the world, has clearly privileged civilian control over two other elements of...
Benzoyl peroxide: a review of its current use in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Background: Owing to the use of topical and systemic antibiotics for acne vulgaris, the incidence of antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes is increasing worldwide. Topical benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Objective: This review describes and evaluates recent clinical literature regarding the efficacy and tolerability of BPO. Methods: A PubMed literature search was conducted using the keywords benzoyl peroxide, acne, and combination therapy. Results: BPO is equally effective at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10%. However, a concentration-dependent irritant dermatitis can occur with higher concentrations. The efficacy of BPO can be enhanced when used in combination with topical retinoids, antibiotics and tertiary amines. BPO-containing combinations do not induce bacterial resistance and are important first-line treatments for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Virtual Reality: Emerging Applications and Future Directions:

Virtual reality is an emerging technology that has resulted in rapid expansion in the development of virtual immersive environments for use as educational simulations in schools, colleges and universities. This article presents an overview of virtual reality, describes a number of applications currently being used by special educators for personnel preparation in colleges and universities and for service delivery to children and adults with disabilities in K-12 schools and community services, and discusses possible future directions in virtual reality applications and their implications for rural special education.
Interaction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with mitochondria regulates oxidative stress and function in fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

An increase in oxygen tension at birth is one of the key signals that initiate pulmonary vasodilation in the fetal lung. We investigated the hypothesis that targeting endothelial nitric oxide synth...
Modeling geomicrobial processes in reservoirs

To permit interpretation and evaluation of geomicrobial processes occurring in reservoirs, a model was developed that incorporates the salient features of pathways for major chemical species of interest in reservoir. The model, REDROX, includes an anaerobic stage that evolves reduced chemical species in the stepwise manner characteristic of natural systems. This is followed by an aerobic stage that oxidizes the reduced chemical species produced by the first stage. Measures for obtaining rate coefficients suitable for use in the model are considered, and representative data for each of the stages are presented. Interpretation and evaluation of the information obtained using these rate coefficients are discussed.
Asynchronous FUD

The one problem yet to be adequately solved in the growing asynchronous community is the synchronous design industry momentum, which has proven hard to redirect to include asynchronous options. This column examines some of the reasons why.
Addressing Health Disparities Is a Place-Based Issue.

The authors comment on the use of place-based interventions in addressing health disparities. They consider various strategies in improving population health and addressing health disparities, including sustainable community initiatives, community health development, neighborhood revitalization initiatives, and collective impact programs. They mention new models in place-based intervention using collective impact and collective efficacy, and how various communities require different approaches.
Advances in the diagnostic imaging of pulmonary embolism (PE)

1035 Learning Objectives 1. To illustrate the technological & interpretive advances made in diagnostic imaging for PE beginning from the era of CXR alone to the current times of lung scintigraphy and computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA)2. Review major landmark studies viz. PISAPED and PIOPED with a comparative analysis of their recommended interpretive criteria3. Comparative analysis of lung V/Q scintigraphy studies vs the CTPA4. Discuss the potential for V/Q SPECT in USA Summary: This educational exhibit will review the evolution of different imaging modalities for the diagnosis of acute PE. We begin with planar lung Q scintigraphy, review the development of diagnostic systems that combine V scintigraphy and/or CXR with the Q scan, and discuss in detail the major landmark studies viz. Prospective Investigative Study of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PISAPED) and the Prospective Investigation Of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) series. Each of these studies recommends their own unique interpretive criteria; however, none of which are absolute sensitive or specific. The detailed discussion of these studies is aimed at enlightening the reader with the pros and cons of these individual studies with comparative analysis of the accuracies of their recommended interpretive criteria. This is followed with the discussion on the advent of CTPA and its emergence as the modality of choice for most patients with suspected PE. A comprehensive comparative analysis is made between the reported accuracies of CTPA and scintigraphy with review of PIOPED II and other similar studies in literature. Finally, we review the advances made with SPECT lung scintigraphy in the diagnosis of PE and its comparison with CTPA.
Photophysical Properties of β-Substituted Free-Base Corroles

Corroles are an emergent class of fluorophores that are finding an application and reaction chemistry to rival their porphyrin analogues. Despite a growing interest in the synthesis, reactivity, and functionalization of these macrocycles, their excited-state chemistry remains undeveloped. A systematic study of the photophysical properties of β-substituted corroles was performed on a series of free-base β-brominated derivatives as well as a β-linked corrole dimer. The singlet and triplet electronic states of these compounds were examined with steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods, which are complemented with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations to gain insight into the nature of the electronic structure. Selective bromination of a single molecular edge manifests in a splitting of the Soret band into x and y polarizations, which is a consequence of asymmetry of the molecular axes. A pronounced heavy atom effect is the primary determinant of the photophysical pro...
Mo Fiorina's Advice to Children and Other Subordinates

In recent work ([2], [3]) Morris Fiorina, a political scientist at the California Institute of Technology, dealt with the question of constituency influence on representatives' roll call voting by contrasting the predictions of an expected utility maximizing model with those of what he refers to as a "maintaining" model. In Fiorina's maintaining model, Congressmen are assumed to set an "acceptable" level of reelection probability and to vote in such a way as to maintain their (subjectively estimated) reelection probability at this level. Fiorina uses this model to account for a number of anomalies in congressional voting behavior. In this note we generalize Fiorina's maintainer model so as to make it applicable to any dichotomous choice where an actor is confronted with (potential) demands or pressures from sources which may conflict with his own preferences. These outside sources may make incompatible demands, may differ in their ability to reward and/or punish the actor for disobedience, and may also differ in their likelihood of administering the promised rewards (or threatened punishments). We confine ourself to a three-actor model consisting of an actor (a child) and two outside sources of (potential) demands or pressures (her parents), and give an analysis as seen from the perspective of the actor (the child). Although the discussion is presented in terms of child-parent conflict, the analysis is a perfectly general one, applicable to a wide variety of conflict situations, e.g., a worker torn between demands of union and management; a student torn between demands of teacher and of peer group; a legislature torn between pressures from competing interest groups; or a soldier torn by conflicting commands from his immediate commanding officer vs. general directives of remote superiors. We consider six cases, based on the extent to which the actor's preferences (e.g., those of the child) and those of the sources of demands (the parents) are in conflict. These cases are summarized in the following chart:
Cost-Effectiveness of Old and New Technologies for Aneuploidy Screening

Cost-effectiveness analyses allow assessment of whether marginal gains from new technology are worth increased costs. Several studies have examined cost-effectiveness of Down syndrome (DS) screening and found it to be cost-effective. Noninvasive prenatal screening also appears to be cost-effective among high-risk women with respect to DS screening, but not for the general population. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is a genetic sequencing method superior to but more expensive than karyotype. In light of CMAs greater ability to detect genetic abnormalities, it is cost-effective when used for prenatal diagnosis of an anomalous fetus. This article covers methodology and salient issues of cost-effectiveness.
Rational Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Spinal Pain

Low back pain is a common adult complaint throughout the developed world. The majority of acute low back pain episodes will relent spontaneously. Evaluation is not needed immediately if there are no red flags. A small number of patients with acute disk herniation will require surgery based upon severity of pain and real or impending neurological deficits. Many can be relieved of radicular pain by perineural steroid injection and/or a short course of oral steroids. Rapid mobilization and return to function are helpful.
Flash Photolysis Experiment of o-Methyl Red as a Function of pH: A Low-Cost Experiment for the Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Lab.

A low-cost, time-resolved spectroscopy experiment appropriate for third year physical chemistry students is presented. Students excite o-methyl red in basic solutions with a laser pointer and use a modular spectrometer with a CCD array detector to monitor the transient spectra as the higher-energy cis conformer of the molecule converts back to the thermodynamically more stable trans form. The transient absorption dynamics are monitored as a function of time averaged between 340 and 360 nm, and the transient bleach dynamics are monitored as a function of time averaged between 440 and 460 nm. The bleach dynamics are monitored in basic solutions at several values of pH, and the observed rate constants are used to extract the rate constant for the isomerization of the protonated form and the deprotonated form of the molecule.
Spastic Diplegia and the MRI

The MRI findings in 34 children with spastic diplegia examined between 2 and 10 years of age are reported from the Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Mikatabara, Hammamatsu, Shizuoka; Nagoya City Medical School; and the National Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children, Tokyo, Japan.
Phase-independent multilayer defect repair for EUV photomasks

EUV mask repair techniques have primarily focused on absorber biasing to recover the imaging contrast loss originating from multilayer blank defects, while exploratory efforts have investigated local multilayer modification for compensating any through-focus Bossung asymmetry. The work here evaluates these repair techniques and attempts to expand upon them through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. In particular, the possibility of local material deposition as an added repair technique is considered, and the interactions between various compensation strategies and illumination modes are explored. A multilayer defect repair methodology that is non-disruptive to the multilayer stack is introduced for the recovery of both the amplitude loss and phase error originating from native blank defects. The effectiveness of the compensation technique is shown to be independent of the defect type, providing a repair solution that is impartial to the phase offset induced by the multilayer defect. Significant lithographic process window improvements are reported, as compared to conventional absorber-based repair, attributed primarily to the restoration of symmetric printing behavior through defocus. This provides an alternative, viable approach to HVM multilayer defect repair.
Chapter 15 – Timing Sequences and Influence of Time

Chapter Summary In this chapter, we present a computational-based framework for the representation of social interactions. A knowledge/social machine can thus analyze, scrutinize, enhance, and improve any interaction process. In a rational setting, computer-aided social processes can be smooth and directionally convergent without irritations, misunderstandings, and emotionally exhausting. In an emotional setting, computer-aided social interactions can be accepting, forgiving, and adjusting. Since almost all social entities have a fair proportion of intelligence and emotion content in their dealings, the machine can so adjust the tone of the interaction to be intellectual yet emotionally satisfying and also be emotionally gratifying yet intellectually rewarding. The mode of interaction can be made mood, situation, culture, and time dependent. The role of the machine becomes desirable in corporate and national negotiations where the situation is generally depicted by a zero-sum game strategy. Fairness and risk are both explored for both the participants simultaneously. When the situation is depicted by nonzero-sum game strategy, the machine will search the Internet knowledge bases to find a creative conclusion of the social interactions by introducing other linked objects into the negotiation process with time, and timings are negotiable parameters. It is also foreseeable that such machines will train the next generation of adolescents in the art of social elegance and work creative solutions for social problems thus reducing social friction in the society.
Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity

Obesity is prevalent in the U.S. population and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Treatments include behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Some sequelae of obesity are reversed with weight loss. Maintaining weight loss is a challenge.
The Selfie Generation and Pharmacy Education.

Our students are typical young adults. Their phone is always at hand, and pictures are the preferred method of communication. They often take pictures of their friends, pets, food, their locations, and most frequently, themselves. These photos are often posted on social media for the world to see.
Alumni Engagement in Higher Education: A Matter of Marketing and Leveraging Social Identities

University advancement officers are tasked with engaging the public in order to create and further relationships and to increased donations. There is a complex strategy at most US colleges and universities that leads to the engagement of alumni and others. These relationship strategies can be viewed as a form of marketing. Historically, American higher education, like much of the nonprofit sector, engaged all of its constituencies in very similar ways, with some differences mattering on the size of donation. However, as higher education continues to diversify and becomes less homogeneous, more nuanced strategies, that take into account social identity and cultural difference, are needed. This chapter explores existing literature on why social identity should be considered in higher education marketing and provides recommendations for practice.
Missasigned Structures: Case Examples from the Past Decade

Research on marine-derived biosynthetic products is continuing on a worldwide basis, resulting in an annual rise in the number of increasingly complex marine natural products reported in the literature. However, corresponding to the increase in the number of published marine-derived structures is a concurrent rise in the number of disputed and revised structures. This chapter begins by introducing the concept of structural diversity. Next, many of the common problems encountered in the process of marine natural product structure elucidation are discussed.
Use of transesophageal echocardiography in evaluating coronary arteries.

Improvements in ultrasound technology and proximity of proximal coronary arteries to the esophagus have facilitated coronary artery imaging by TEE. Discussed in this article are the applications of TEE in imaging of the proximal coronary arteries, identification of coronary artery anomalies, evaluation of coronary artery disease, measurement of coronary flow reserve, and transesophageal atrial pacing.
Young Adulthood (Ages 20–40)

Although perhaps not exclusive to it, certain experiential and biological phenomena characterize young adulthood. For example, it is the time when most individuals in Western culture leave home, begin careers, marry, and become parents. However, the shift from physical progression to retrogression, from growth to aging, is one biological phenomenon unique to this phase.
The Commitment Account of Hypocrisy

Hypocrisy is widely thought to be morally objectionable in a way that undermines the hypocrite’s moral standing to blame others. To wit, we seem to intuitively accept the “Nonhypocrisy Condition:” R has the standing to blame S for some violation of a moral norm N only if R’s blaming S is not hypocritical. This claim has been the subject of intensifying philosophical investigation in recent years. However, we can only understand why hypocrisy is morally objectionable and has an effect on standing to blame if we can correctly characterize hypocrisy itself. Unfortunately, some recent discussions fail to do this, which fatally undermines subsequent arguments concerning the effect of hypocrisy on the standing to blame. This paper’s central aim is to develop and defend a better account of hypocrisy. The hope is that with such an account in hand, we can explain and perhaps justify our moral aversion to hypocrisy in general as well as the Nonhypocrisy Condition in particular.
Education for Grandparents in Longevity Societies.

What should grandparents be expected to learn in longevity societies experiencing rapid social transformation? Grounded theory was initially applied to identify assumptions, goals and curriculum. T...
Politics, markets, and rare commodities: responses to Chinese rare earth policy

This paper examines economic statecraft in the case of rare-earth elements, of which China controls over 90% of the world's current supply, and famously cut off exports to Japan during a territorial dispute in 2010. The rare-earth sanctions provide an opportunity to investigate claims of economic statecraft, power and interdependence, and the political implications of near-monopoly control of a resource critical for high-tech military, consumer, medical, and environmental industries. A vector error correction model statistically disentangles the effects of China's economic statecraft from their rare-earth quota and pricing policies. Prior to the sanctions, there was little international supply diversification. China's purported use of rare-earth elements was an economically costly diplomatic signal that demonstrated their potential leverage, but also had unintended consequences, as Japan moved to diversify rare-earth supplies and in doing so deepened diplomatic ties with China's neighbors. Economic statecraft served to heighten regional tensions and undermine the China's own end goals.
The Emergence of Nominal Expressions in Spanish-English Early Bilinguals: Economy and bilingual first language acquisition

This monograph examines the first syntactic unit in child language by presenting a longitudinal multiple-case study that focuses on the inner structure of nominal expressions in bilingual or monolingual child Spanish. This compilation of case studies offers the first insight on some of the properties of nominal expressions in bilingual or monolingual child Spanish and test some of the current theoretical proposals to analyze the main syntactic properties and operations within the nominal phrase. The findings of the study suggest new directions to address some core questions about monolingual and bilingual language acquisition taking as a point of departure the notion of economy, prevalent in the most recent theoretical discussion. Given the combination of empirical and theoretical discussions, this monograph will be appealing to a broad range of researchers in syntax and language acquisition.
Optimal nanoparticles for heat absorption and cost

Abstract As the demand for solar energy increases, so too does the demand for efficient absorption of solar energy and solar energy cost reduction. Prior research has shown that nanofluids improve the efficiency of solar thermal collector absorption. Nanofluids are a composition that consists of varying-sized nanoparticles within a base fluid. This research introduces linear and non-linear programs that are formulated and solved to determine two optimally efficient nanoparticle combinations. The first optimal combination maximizes the absorption of heat within a heterogeneous nanofluid while the second minimizes the cost of another heterogeneous nanofluid. The nanoparticles analyzed for optimal efficiencies are silver, aluminum, gold, cobalt, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, palladium, titanium, vanadium, and graphite, and all range in size from 10 nm to 150 nm. All of these nanoparticles form the database of particles which is optimized, however multiple subsets of the database are also optimized in this research. The optimal combinations of these nanoparticles are determined numerically for varying particle concentration, container height, and temperature.
A geospatial analysis between the sale prices of single-family properties and the presence of registered sex offenders in Jefferson County, Kentucky:

This study explores whether a relationship exists between sale prices and the presence of registered sex offenders in Jefferson County, Kentucky after accounting for observed and unobserved neighbo...
Gloria Jean Merriex (1950–2008)

This chapter highlights the accomplishments and historical significance of Gloria Jean Merriex, a noted mathematics teacher in Florida who used culturally relevant pedagogy to increase student achievement. The chapter also offers a critical analysis of the role Gloria Jean Merriex had in contributing to the growth and development of education in Florida’s African American community, especially as it relates to education policies and practices in the latter part of the twentieth-century America through the early twenty-first century in America.
Detection and monitoring of repetitions using an mHealth-enabled resistance band

Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related loss of muscle mass and strength which impairs physical function leading to disability and frailty. Resistance exercises are effective treatments for sarcopenia and are critical in mitigating weight-loss induced sarcopenia in older adults attempting to lose weight. Yet, adherence to home-based regimens, which is a cornerstone to lifestyle therapies, is poor and cannot be ascertained by clinicians as no objective methods exist to determine patient compliance outside of a supervised setting. Our group developed a Bluetooth connected resistance band that tests the ability to detect exercise repetitions. We recruited 6 patients aged 65 years and older and recorded 4 specific, physical therapist-led exercises. Three blinded reviewers examined the findings and we also applied a peak finding algorithm to the data. There were 16.6 repetitions per exercise across reviewers, with an intraclass correlation of 0.912 (95%CI: 0.853-0.953, p<0.001) between reviewers and the algorithm. Using this novel resistance band, we feasibly detected repetition of exercises in older adults.
Free surface oscillations in Lake Constance with an interpretation of the “Wonder of the Rising Water” at Konstanz in 1549

The structures and periods of the lowest four normal modes of Lake Constance and the fundamental mode of the Bay of Konstanz are determined by an application of a simplified version of the two-dimensional theory developed by Rao and Schwab [12]. The effect of the earth's rotation is neglected, because the medium size of the Lake implies only a minor influence on the oscillations. The calculations of the lowest four modes are verified by spectral analyses of simultaneous measurements of water level fluctuations at up to 9 stations on the shore. In particular, the water wonder at Konstanz in 1549 described by Schulthaiss [14] is explained in terms of a possible resonant excitation of the fundamental mode of the Bay of Konstanz. For the analysis of this event a translation of Schulthaiss' notes, which give the oldest known observations on seiches, is included in the text together with some historical comments.
Super-resolution imaging of surface-enhanced Raman scattering hot spots under electrochemical control

Super-resolution surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging is used to map out SERS hot spots in aggregated silver nanoparticles labeled with the electrochemically-active probe molecule Nile Blue. In super-resolution SERS, the diffraction-limited emission from a SERS-active nanoparticle aggregate is fit to a 2-dimensional Gaussian in order to localize the site of emission, or emission centroid, with 5-10 nm precision. This strategy typically involves working at or near the single molecule concentration level, in order to avoid the super-position of signals from multiple emitters, which leads to an ensemble-averaged centroid position and no spatial information about the location of individual emitters. We have proposed working above the single molecule concentration by using electrochemical control to transition the Nile Blue between its emissive (oxidized) and non-emissive (reduced) form, in order to spatially isolate individual Nile Blue molecules on the surface of aggregated silver nanoparticles. Using this electrochemical modulation strategy, SERS-active regions on nanoparticle aggregates can be mapped out by fitting the centroid location of the emitters as a function of applied potential. Interestingly, while the modulation of Nile Blue SERS intensity does not follow the expected on/off trend with applied potential, we find that we are still able to map out SERS hot spots even while working above the single molecule level.
Midblock Pedestrian Crash Predictions in a Systemic, Risk-Based Pedestrian Safety Process:

Although pedestrian fatalities and injuries in the United States decreased for decades at a rate similar to vehicule occupant fatalities, recent years have seen substantial increases in the pedestr...
YouTube for Cosmetic Plastic Surgery: An Effective Patient Resource?

BACKGROUND YouTube is increasingly being utilized as a major educational resource by patients. It is important for plastic surgeons to understand the quality and characteristics of videos that patients are likely to view about procedures of interest. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the videos that patients are most likely to encounter when searching YouTube for the most common cosmetic plastic surgery procedures. METHODS Based on Google Trends data, the most searched medical and colloquial terms were identified for common cosmetic surgery procedures: "abdominoplasty," "tummy tuck," "breast augmentation," "boob job," "liposuction," "lipo," "mastopexy," "breast lift," "reduction mammoplasty," and "breast reduction." On YouTube, videos were searched by relevance (default) and view count; the top 10 results were collected in each group and rated according to the DISCERN criteria. Each video was assigned an overall and bias DISCERN score (DS). A score of 1 indicates high bias and low overall quality and a score of 5 indicates the opposite. RESULTS In total, 143 unique videos were identified, which resulted in a mean bias DS of 2.29 and mean overall DS of 2.44. Seventy-two videos included US board-certified plastic surgeons and 58 were classified as patient experience. Videos had 667,373,209 total views and were an average of 4.27 years old. Videos including US board-certified plastic surgeons were of significantly higher quality and showed lower bias than videos without these practitioners (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, YouTube videos showed high bias and low quality. Plastic surgeons should be aware of this popular resource and counsel patients about the bias that is often present. Plastic surgeons and academic plastic surgery organizations should strive to upload high-quality, unbiased videos to provide patients with a more appropriate resource.
356. HIV-HCV Coinfection: An Investigation of CD4 T-Cell Reconstitution after HCV Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment

Background Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can adversely affect CD4 cell count. Among patients with HIV-HCV coinfection, treatment with HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) may be an opportunity to restore/reconstitute CD4 count. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether DAA treatment results in improved CD4 cell counts in HIV-HCV coinfected patients.
Machine learning-assisted classification of quantum emitters (Conference Presentation)

Identification of a suitable source of single photons via second-order autocorrelation function measurement within an array of thousand possible candidates is a routine, key step of any practical realization in quantum optics. Within this work, we have shown that machine learning algorithms enable high precision classification between “single” and “not single” quantum emitters based on sparse autocorrelation data measurement and require 1 min. Machine learning assisted classification, done on a sparse 1-s dataset, provides ~85% accuracy of “single”/“not single” emitter identification versus only 57% of the conventional Levenberg-Marquardt approach.
WEATHERING PIT CHARACTERISTICS AND TOPOGRAPHY ON STONE MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA

A detailed analysis of weathering-pit distribution on Georgia's Stone Mountain granite dome reveals a complex relationship between pit size and density, compared with slope aspect and angle. The uniform nature of the lithology provides an ideal natural laboratory for the analysis of weathering pits. Through the random establishment of 32 dome-encircling, ten-by-ten meter study plots within an elevational range from 610 to 650 meters, the distribution, size, aspect, slope and lithology of pit features were mapped, measured, and analyzed. Thematic maps were used in the visual representation of pit distribution and dimension data. Correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses were utilized to determine the relationships of these variables. Pits showed a dimensional and density increase toward a southwestern aspect as well as a dimensional and density increase with decreasing slope angle. Greatest pit dimensions were found at approximately the 200° N azimuth. These findings lead the author...
Relationship of Self-Compassion, Hope, and Emotional Control to Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Suicidal Ideation

Background: Cultivating positive feelings of self in relationships with others can affect perceptions of belongingness and burdensomeness. Aims: The present study examines the relationships of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. Method: Participants were 481 college students who completed scales measuring self-compassion, hope, emotional control, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. Results: Correlation and parallel mediation analysis results show relationships between self-compassion, hope, and emotional control with perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation. Limitations: The study is limited by its cross-sectional design, sample demographics, and inability to distinguish between individuals with suicidal ideation and those who attempt suicide. Conclusion: The results show that the relationships of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation are worth further investigation.
Active Time-of-Flight 3D Imaging Systems for Medium-Range Applications

Active 3D imaging systems use artificial illumination in order to capture and record digital representations of objects. The use of artificial illumination allows the acquisition of dense and accurate range images of textureless objects. An active 3D imaging system can be based on different measurement principles that include time-of-flight, triangulation, and interferometry. The different time-of-flight technologies allow the development of a plethora of systems that can operate at a range of a few meters to many kilometers. In this chapter, we focus on time-of-flight technologies that operate from a few meters to a few hundred meters. The characterization of these systems is discussed and experimental results are presented using systems related to construction, engineering, and the automobile industry.
Diabetes mellitus and muscle infarction

Abstract This condition usually presents in patients with a longstanding history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. It has been speculated that the low prevalence is in part due to the lack of awareness of this condition. In this chapter, we review the clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics of this diabetes complication. The quality of the current management recommendations is limited due to the lack of controlled clinical studies. Taking this into consideration, in this chapter we also discuss the management, length of recovery and prognosis of diabetic muscle infarction.
Reflection-driven magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the solar atmosphere and solar wind

We present three-dimensional direct numerical simulations and an analytic model of reflection-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the solar wind. Our simulations describe transverse, non-compressive MHD fluctuations within a narrow magnetic flux tube that extends from the photosphere, through the chromosphere and corona and out to a heliocentric distance , the turbulent heating rate in our simulations is comparable to the turbulent heating rate in a previously developed solar-wind model that agreed with a number of observational constraints, consistent with the hypothesis that MHD turbulence accounts for much of the heating of the fast solar wind.
We Are not Victims: The Roma, An Outdoor Art Gallery and the Same Old Story – Critical Thinking in Communication for Development

Based on three months of ethnographic research, this paper analyses the Bodvalenke Fresco Village Project, an open-air art gallery created to help villagers with Roma roots in a Hungarian settlement reaffirm their identity and develop tourism. Examining how the project (as help provider) and the locals (as help recipients) understand help similarly or differently, the author concludes that differences in concept, conduct, and action regarding social, political and economic empowerment have led to an intractable conflict between the Fresco Village Project and villagers. The emphasis is that helping disadvantaged Roma in Western societies should not repeat the basic error of developmental communication – telling a single story of poverty and misery while positioning helpers as saviours and recipients as victims. This concept of help becomes problematic when applied to Roma/Gypsies, who have lived within this society for hundreds of years. Ultimately, the author concludes that those who want to help Roma communities need to use a language that will reflect on their own help practices, one that calls for more advanced principles for analysing help and empowerment practices and offers critical metrics for doing so.
Association between adverse childhood experiences among children with special healthcare needs and dental care utilization

Objectives Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) often have consequences beyond the immediacy of any specific event. The purpose of this study is to identify if ACEs in children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) are associated with oral problems and dental care utilization. Methods The data source for this cross-sectional, secondary data analysis study was the 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's Health. Children were categorized as CSHCN or children with no special healthcare needs (CNSHCN) who had no, 1, 2, or ≥3 ACEs. Rho-Scott Chi-Square tests and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results CSHCN who have had 1, 2, or ≥3 ACEs were significantly more likely to have had an oral problem or dental caries within the previous year as compared with CNSHCN who did not have any ACE. For no dental visits for any reason and no preventive visits, CSHCN at all levels of ACE were not significantly different from CNSHCN and no ACE in adjusted analyses. However, CNSHCN who had ≥3 ACEs were significantly more likely to not have had a preventive dental or any dental visit within the previous year. Conclusions In this nationally representative study of children and adolescents in the United States, CSHCN who have had ACE were more likely to have oral health problems within the previous year as compared with CNSHCN who did not have ACE.
Dazzling Descriptions and Tantalizing Titles: How Simple Versus Complex Course Information Influences Course Selection:

Research exploring a student’s “path to purchase” when considering course selection has revealed a number of influential factors including course content, reputation, and professor style. To date, ...