cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE ANTIGENS OF RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES II. FLOCCULATION REACTIONS WITH ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF ERYTHROCYTES.

1. Flocculation reactions of anti-erythrocyte sera on emulsions of alcoholic extract of blood are described. 2. The reactions are markedly species-specific. 3. Besides the homologous reactions certain others—"heterogenetic"" ones—have been observed, and in this way the existence of new examples of heterogenetic antibodies has been demonstrated. 4. Group-specific substances can be extracted from human erythrocytes with alcohol and demonstrated by flocculation with group-specific immune sera. 5. A conception of the structure of cellular antigens based upon the known facts, is presented.
Line of critical points in 2+1 dimensions: quantum critical loop gases and non-Abelian gauge theory.

p �† − 1 d F 0 p − 1 F 0 p �† + F 1 p �† F 1 p + F 1 p F 1 p �† − F 1 p − F 1 p �† + F 2 p �† F 2 p + F 2 p F 2 p �† − F 2 p − F 2 p �†
No more monkey business with impacted canines

Various treatment mechanics have been created to direct the eruption of impacted teeth, including the application of intra- and interarch forces to some type of attachment on the affected teeth. The present communication describes the use of two simple auxiliaries, the Monkey Hook* and the Kilroy Spring*, for the directed eruption of impacted and/or the correction of severely rotated teeth.
A Theory of Medical Decision Making and Health: Fuzzy Trace Theory

The tenets of fuzzy trace theory are summarized with respect to their relevance to health and medical decision making. Illustrations are given for HIV prevention, cardiovascular disease, surgical risk, genetic risk, and cancer prevention and control. A core idea of fuzzy trace theory is that people rely on the gist of information, its bottom-line meaning, as opposed to verbatim details in judgment and decision making. This idea explains why precise information (e.g., about risk) is not necessarily effective in encouraging prevention behaviors or in supporting medical decision making. People can get the facts right, and still not derive the proper meaning, which is key to informed decision making. Getting the gist is not sufficient, however. Retrieval (e.g., of health-related values) and processing interference brought on by thinking about nested or overlapping classes (e.g., in ratio concepts, such as probability) are also important. Theory-based interventions that work (and why they work) are presented, ranging from specific techniques aimed at enhancing representation, retrieval, and processing to a comprehensive intervention that integrates these components.
Sensing Sprawl: Towards the Monitoring of Urban Expansion Using Dempster-Shafer Theory

Abstract The outward expansion of cities in the United States has been a source of concern and policy debate for well over forty years. This sprawling urban landscape has been cited as a contributing factor behind the loss of open space, environmental damage and increased congestion. To better understand urban expansion, monitoring programs are required to facilitate the systematic observation of urban expansion, and to provide critical information in order to adjust urban development policies. Monitoring the urban landscape has been a major application focus of satellite remote sensing technologies. Yet, research has shown that the complexity of the urban landscape frustrates simple characterization of cumulative land cover processes such as sprawl. In this paper an approach to the remote detection and characterization of sprawl is introduced based on the use of Dempster‐Shafer Theory of Evidence. Functioning as a soft‐classification algorithm, Demptster‐Shafer Theory offers a unique solution to the mapp...
Retrospective study of the efficacy of narrowband UVB and acitretin

background: In this retrospective analysis the effect of narrowband ultraviolet B treatment in combination with acitretin is reviewed in 40 patients with plaque psoriasis. Narrowband UVB is highly effective for plaque psoriasis, but requires multiple phototherapy treatments, making patient compliance problematic. Oral acitretin is moderately effective as monotherapy, but when combined with ultraviolet B or PUVA, its use has reduced the number of treatments required for clearing, and has resulted in clearing of patients otherwise refractory to these phototherapeutic modalities. There is only sparse data on the combination of acitretin with narrowband UVB. We therefore analyzed data on 40 patients treated with this combination.results: The majority of patients treated had psoriasis that was refractory to treatment with broadband ultraviolet B, monotherapy with narrowband UVB, monotherapy with acitretin, or the combination of acitretin and broadband UVB. In this difficult‐to‐treat group of patients, the comb...
Corticotropic axis drive of overnight cortisol secretion is suppressed in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Context Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a pro-inflammatory stress state, which, with its attendant hyperglycemia, likely disrupts hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) control, further dysregulating glucose homeostasis.
Fever : role of pyrogens and cryogens

The biology of cytokines is one of the most rapidly growing areas of biomedical research. It is understandable why the assumption was made several years ago that EP was equivalent to IL-1 (both alpha and beta) and subsequently to IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF. However, as more data have been obtained, it has become clearer that many cytokines and hormones are capable of participating in the febrile response. It is also becoming apparent that EPs and ECs might influence body temperature during nonpathological states, perhaps contributing to the elevation in temperature during or after exercise, the circadian variation in temperature, and others. Medical textbooks have begun to list IL-1 as the EP. As I attempted to make clear in this review, evidence that IL-1 alpha is a circulating EP is poor. The evidence is considerably stronger that IL-1 beta is an EP, at least during LPS-induced fever in rodents. The point I have tried to emphasize is that before any cytokine or hormone can be characterized as an EP or EC (or, for that matter, as being involved in any of the acute phase responses), clearly established rules must be followed, which are patterned after the traditional criteria used by Koch to distinguish a pathogenic microorganism from a benign one. As summarized in Tables 4 and 5, there are many candidates for EPs and ECs, but much more experimental evidence is essential before we gain a clear understanding of the relationship between contact with an exogenous pyrogen, the release of EPs and ECs, and the development of fever.
Reexamining the Institutional Effects of Term Limits in U.S. State Legislatures

Research on term limits suggests that they have substantial consequences for the power of legislatures vis-a-vis the executive and interest groups and for the relationship between leaders and rank-and-file members within a chamber. Existing work, however, has not accounted for the actual power of relevant state actors. We contribute to this research by examining the effect of term limits on the influence of institutional actors conditional on the existing political power structure in a state. The inclusion of controls for the direct and moderating effect of actual institutional power suggests some significant extensions of previous findings regarding the institutional effects of term limits.
Seasonal variations of alkenones and UK37 in the Chesapeake Bay water column

Abstract Alkenone unsaturation indices (U K 37 and U K′ 37 ) have long been used as proxies for surface water temperature in the open ocean. Recent studies have suggested that in other marine environments, variables other than temperature may affect both the production of alkenones and the values of the indices. Here, we present the results of a reconnaissance field study in which alkenones were extracted from particulate matter filtered from the water column in Chesapeake Bay during 2000 and 2001. A multivariate analysis shows a strong positive correlation between U K 37 (and U K′ 37 ) values and temperature, and a significant negative correlation between U K 37 (and U K′ 37 ) values and nitrate concentrations. However, temperature and nitrate concentrations also co-vary significantly. The temperature vs. U K 37 relationships (U K 37 =0.018 ( T )−0.162, R 2 = 0.84 , U K′ 37 =0.013 ( T )−0.04, R 2 = 0.80 ) have lower slopes than the open-ocean equations of Prahl et al. [1988. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 2303–2310] and Muller et al. [1998. Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index U K′ 37 based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60°N–60°S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 1757–1772], but are similar to the relationships found in controlled studies with elevated nutrient levels and higher nitrate:phosphate (N:P) ratios. This implies that high nutrient levels in Chesapeake Bay have either lowered the U K 37 vs. temperature slope, or nutrient levels are the main controller of the U K 37 index. In addition, particularly high abundances (>5% of total C 37 alkenones) of the tetra-unsaturated ketone, C 37:4 , were found when water temperatures reached 25 °C or higher, thus posing further questions about the controls on alkenone production as well as the biochemical roles of alkenones.
Serum Withdrawal Potentiates the Toxic Effects of Methamphetamine in Vitro

: Methamphetamine (METH) has been shown to cause neurotoxic damage both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms of action are thought to involve the production of pathophysiologic concentration of free radicals. The present study was undertaken to assess the toxic effects of METH caused dose-dependent increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death. Cell death caused by METH was characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, shrinkage of cytoplasm and nuclear dissolution. Flow cytometric evaluation also revealed that this toxin causes changes similar to those observed in cells undergoing apoptosis. When taken together these observations suggest the METH can cause these cells to die via apoptosis. Further experiments indicated that growth of these cells in low (1%) serum or in the absence of serum markedly enhanced the apoptotic effects of METH. These data provide further support for the ideas that METH can cause ROS-mediated apoptosis.
Carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed mullerian tumors) of the female genital tract: Comparative molecular analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal components

Female genital tract carcinosarcomas (FGTCS) are biphasic neoplasms composed of an admixture of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Histogenesis of FGTCS centers on two theories: (1) simultaneous formation of independent tumors (biclonal theory), (2) multidirectional differentiation of a single neoplasm (monoclonal theory). In an attempt to resolve this histogenetic controversy, we determined the presence, specific genotype, and timing of p53 mutational change in each component of FGTCS using a topographic genotyping (TG) approach. We selected 43 FGTCS from the files of Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, and initially immunostained them for p53 protein. Strong p53 immunopositivity was detected in 35 (82%) of 43 tumors. Subsequently, topographic genotyping (TG) was performed on a subset of nine immunopositive tumors with sufficiently distinct malignant components to enable effective sampling. All nine tumors showed point mutations in p53 exons 5 through 8. In each case, the identical point mutational genotype was present in both components. Furthermore, in all nine cases mutations were present with loss of the wild-type allele. P53 gene mutation is a frequent event in progression of FGTCS. Of importance, both p53 mutation and allelic loss occur before the differentiation into separate epithelial and mesenchymal malignant components. These molecular findings strongly support monoclonal, multidirectional histogenesis of FGTCS.
Flexibility training with educable retarded children

Abstract This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that training in perceptual and cognitive shifts would improve the performance of EMR children on flexibility measures and on the Binet and WISC scales. Twenty-eight children received 42 exercises in cognitive flexibility and were compared to a control group that was matched on mental age. Instruction facilitated performance on variables measuring verbal fluency and concept formation; however, significant improvement was generally limited to those variables which shared content with the training exercises.
Intravascular mechanoreceptor modulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity in the cat

Experiments were performed in chloralose-anesthetized cats to characterize intravascular mechanoreceptro input to renal nerve activity in the intact and vagotomized sinoaortic-denervated states. High-pressure intravascular mechanoreceptors were stimulated by rises in arterial pressure caused by norepinephrine. Low-pressure intravascular mechanoreceptors were stimulated by progressive blood volume expansion (14-23%) at a rate of 4.4 or 17.6 ml/min. In addition, veratrine was used to stimulate directly both high- and low-pressure receptors. In the intact animal the administration of norepinephrine or blood volume expansion was associated with substantial decreases in renal nerve activity. Veratrine also caused a large dose-related decrease in renal nerve activity. However, in the vagotomized sinoaortic-denervated animal there was no change in renal nerve activity with norepinephrine, volume expansion, or veratrine administration. These experiments demonstrate that the major afferent pathways for renal sympathetic circulatory reflexes are confined to the carotid sinus and aortic and vagus nerves. No evidence was found for a significant contribution from sympathetic afferent nerves.
Practices and Perceptions of Animal Contact and Associated Health Outcomes in Pregnant Women and New Mothers.

Companion animals play an important role in our society. However, pregnant women and new mothers might have specific concerns about animal-associated health outcomes because of their altered immune function and posture as well as their newborn babies. The study was conducted to collect baseline data for developing an evidence-based intervention for pregnant women and new mothers to help them adopt certain behaviors to prevent adverse animal-associated health outcomes. A survey, using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework, was developed and administered to 326 women attending the Women, Infants, and Children programs in Illinois and Indiana in 2015. Prevalence of dog and cat ownership was estimated to be 39% (95% CI 33%–45%) and 26% (95% CI 21%–31%), respectively. Regardless of pet ownership, 74% of the respondents reported having some type of animal contact in the past month. Pregnancy or the birth of a child altered some animal contact practices among the study participants; particularly a discontinuation or decrease in cleaning cat litter boxes. Reports of diseases contracted from animals were low (4%) in this study. By contrast, animal-associated injuries were prevalent (42%), and the majority were caused by animals the respondents owned (56%). Overall, respondents indicated that they appreciated the benefits of a program addressing animal-associated health outcomes and did not indicate strong resistance to adopting certain behaviors. The majority recognized human health-care providers as a source of information about animal contact and associated health outcomes but less frequently identified veterinarians as a source for such information. In addition, although most of the respondents felt that health-care providers and veterinarians should initiate discussions about preventing animal-associated illness and injuries, only 41% among those who had visited doctors or prenatal care services reported that their health-care providers discussed these issues with them. The results indicate the importance of an intervention concerning animal contact and associated health outcomes for the target population and provide insights to the potential implications of program implementation.
USEPA method 415.3: Quantifying TOC, DOC, and SUVA

and selection. During method development experiments, TOC, DOC, and SUVA were determined for seven source waters using five instrument types. Mean values for DOC, TOC, and SUVA ranged from 0.42 to 3.38 mg/L, 0.42 to 3.64 mg/L, and 1.95 to 3.37 L/mg-m, respectively, with pooled fortified recoveries of 102.7±1.8%. The data generated using method 415.3 showed improved accuracy and precision over existing methods. The method was ultimately approved as part of the Stage 2 D/DBPR.
Tracing Emergent Processes in Marketing Strategy Formation

Though a process perspective has been adopted in emerging conceptualizations of strategic marketing, little attention has been given to process issues in marketing strategy research. Using an explo...
Interfacial energetics approach for analysis of endothelial cell and segmental polyurethane interactions

Understanding the physicochemical interactions between endothelial cells and biomaterials is vital for regenerative medicine applications. Particularly, physical interactions between the substratum interface and spontaneously deposited biomacromolecules as well as between the induced biomolecular interface and the cell in terms of surface energetics are important factors to regulate cellular functions. In this study, we examined the physical interactions between endothelial cells and segmental polyurethanes (PUs) using l-tyrosine based PUs to examine the structure-property relations in terms of PU surface energies and endothelial cell organization. Since, contact angle analysis used to probe surface energetics provides incomplete interpretation and understanding of the physical interactions, we sought a combinatorial surface energetics approach utilizing water contact angle, Zisman's critical surface tension (CST), Kaelble's numerical method, and van Oss-Good-Chaudhury theory (vOGCT), and applied to both substrata and serum adsorbed matrix to correlate human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior with surface energetics of l-tyrosine based PU surfaces. We determined that, while water contact angle of substratum or adsorbed matrix did not correlate well with HUVEC behavior, overall higher polarity according to the numerical method as well as Lewis base character of the substratum explained increased HUVEC interaction and monolayer formation as opposed to organization into networks. Cell interaction was also interpreted in terms of the combined effects of substratum and adsorbed matrix polarity and Lewis acid-base character to determine the effect of PU segments.
Hospital treatment of psychiatric emergencies.

This article reviews the determinants of the decision to hospitalize, examines the outcome of those decisions, explores the reasons decision-makers offer for their emergency admissions, and proposes a framework and set of criteria within which to view this decision.
Childhood Gonadoblastoma and Seminoma in a Dysgenetic Cryptorchid Gonad

AbstractA case of gonadoblastoma and seminoma occurring in a genotypic male child with ambiguous genitalia is presented. A review of the literature establishes that children with intersex disorders who possess a Y chromosome and undescended gonads stand a particularly high risk of having this type of gonadal neoplasm and should be explored.
Ion Exchange: Past, Present, and Future

The history and evolution of ion exchange are viewed in the broader context of the development of science and technology in our time.
Kriesberg Reflections: Discovering Constructive Ways of Peacemaking

This essay is a reflection on my work in peace studies and conflict resolution; it is not a personal memoir nor an autobiography. I focus on my academic writings and some related professional activities, tracing my discoveries about and contributions to the emerging and expanding fields of peace studies and conflict resolution. Nevertheless, I will mention not only my thoughts and steps as I made my way in these endeavors, but also the world events and my relationships and engagements that affected my choices, stumbles, and accomplishments. I want to share these reflections to make my work more understandable and hopefully convincing, and also to encourage others to rely on evidence, to think creatively, to appreciate small contributions, and to persevere in the struggle to advance peace and justice. My approach to conflict analysis and resolution has been comprehensive in three ways. First, although I focus on large-scale conflicts within and among countries, my analytic framework pertains to all kinds of inter-group conflicts. I think this is useful because insights gleaned from considering one kind of conflict often offer new understandings to studying other kinds of conflicts. Furthermore, large-scale conflicts incorporate many smaller-scale conflicts, and the different scale conflicts affect each other. Secondly, my approach is comprehensive in examining conflicts at all stages, as they emerge, escalate, de-escalate, and are transformed. Finally, I draw upon multiple explanatory perspectives to understand the trajectory of conflicts. This essay discusses my comprehensive approach and how I came to discover and shape it.
Conceptualizing Gender Expertise: Locating the Expertise in Gender Expertise

The concept of expertise has a detailed history within the social sciences; however, gender expertise, and more specifically the conceptualization of gender expertise, has received relatively little attention in non-feminist and feminist literatures. This absence of attention to the conceptualization of gender expertise should not be sustained in a political environment in which gender equality is receiving increasing focus. The exclusion of women from analysis is nothing new; since the 1980s, feminist scholars have been creating and modifying concepts in order to create better scientific theory that can account for women and gender (Goertz and Mazur 2008). This process, referred to as gendering, involves “bringing out or making explicit the hidden biases and assumptions in standard conceptualizations” (Goertz and Mazur 2008, 7). The concept of expertise and its historical use, which has virtually excluded women and gender expertise, requires gendering in order to fully understand and analyze the current political environment in which gender expertise is becoming increasingly important.
Abstract 382: Anti-MAA Antibodies in Sprague Dawley Rats are Increased in Response to a High Fat Western Diet

Introduction Malondialdehyde/Acetaldehyde (MAA) modified proteins have been suggested to play a role in the development/progression of atherosclerosis. Circulating antibodies directed against these proteins have recently been shown to be associated with the severity of the disease. More specifically, the isotype of the antibody to MAA correlated with either an acute MI (IgG) or stable plaque formation (IgA) formation. MAA is thought to form as a result of the oxidation of fat(s) and thus the concentration and antibody response should reflect the amount of fat in the diet. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibody responses to MAA modified proteins following immunization and high fat western diet feeding in rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were immunized with MAA-modified protein weekly for 5 weeks and then assayed for antibodies to these proteins. Animals were then separated into the following groups: chow sham, chow MAA immunized, high fat sham, and high fat MAA immunized. The high fat animals were fed a Western diet with 2-thiouracil for 12 weeks, bled every 3 weeks, and serum assayed for the presence of circulating MAA antibodies. Results Prior to feeding with high fat diet, rats immunized with MAA-modified protein had a significant increase (P Conclusions These data demonstrate that following immunization with MAA-modified proteins, circulating antibodies are produced that increase following consumption of a high fat Western diet. It suggests that MAA-modified proteins are produced at low levels following normal diet, producing antibodies which act as a normal clearance method for altered protein. When high fat consumption increases these antibody levels are increased in response to the oxidative stress. Implications Use of these antibodies as a biomarker in the future may help predict the onset or progression of atherosclerosis.
A comprehensive reanalysis of the metacognitive self-regulation scale from the MSLQ

The metacognitive self-regulation (MSR) scale is among the most widely used measures of metacognition in educational research. However, the psychometric properties and validity of the scale have not been well established. A series of analyses on a college sample were performed to address this issue. In Study 1, a split-sample exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the one-factor specification of the MSR scale. Time and study environment (TSE), total study time, and cumulative grade performance average (cGPA) were introduced as outcome variables in a structural equation model (SEM) to examine the factors suggested by the EFA. The results of Study 1 indicated poor one-factor model fit and suggested two and three-factor models provided improved fits of the sample data. Results from the SEM indicated the novel factors from the two and three-factor models had different relationships with the outcome variables than the originally specified one-factor model. In Study 2, a modified one-factor model was introduced that consisted of nine items and was named metacognitive self-regulation revised (MSR-R). Five additional samples were included to replicate the model fit for the revised model specification. Finally, a path analysis was performed to examine the relationship of the MSR-R to variables from Study 1. The results of Study 2 revealed improved psychometric properties and reliability for the MSR-R. An indirect relationship emerged between MSR-R and cGPA through TSE. In conclusion, convincing evidence for replacing the MSR was found and implications of the revised scale for future studies was discussed.
Surface-Based Detection and 6-DoF Pose Estimation of 3-D Objects in Cluttered Scenes

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for both 3-D object detection and six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) pose estimation based on smooth 3-D surface segments and their visual signatures in cluttered scenes with objects partially occluded. It is an appearance-based approach that does not require precise geometric models of the objects. We introduce a robust and flexible strategy to build object models based on segmented smooth surfaces of RGB-D images. We next introduce a strategy to detect objects and estimate their 6-DoF poses from a single image by taking full advantage of the surface-based object models. Our approach can reconstruct objects in cluttered scenes from a single view, where different objects or multiple instances of the same object can be stacked together or physically attached and occlude one another. It detects objects and estimates their 6-DoF poses even if the objects have transparent regions. Experimental results and comparison with related work demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Abstract IA22: An oncogenic enhancer drives NOTCH1-induced leukemia.

Most genetic abnormalities found in cancer are located in intergenic regions and their role in cancer development remains poorly understood. Here we report the identification of a long range enhancer driving NOTCH1-induced transformation in T-ALL. Using genome wide ChIPseq mapping of NOTCH1 binding and functional epigenetic marks in T-ALL we identified a NOTCH1-occupied enhancer located in a gene desert island in 8q24, +1,427 kb 39 from the MYC locus. This regulatory element named N-Me for NOTCH-bound MYC enhancer activates MYC reporter constructs in T-ALL cells and directly interacts with MYC promoter sequences via long range chromatin loops. Notably, high resolution aCGH analysis revealed recurrent focal duplications at chromosome 8q24 encompassing this enhancer in 8/160 (5%) T-ALL cases. Functional characterization of N-Me in T-cell development and transformation using N-Me knockout and conditional knockout mice revealed a major role for this enhancer during thymocyte development and in T-ALL. Thus N-Me null animals showed a marked and selective reduction in thymus size and cellularity and were completely resistant to NOTCH1-induced transformation. Moreover, secondary deletion of N-Me in established NOTCH1 induced leukemias from tamoxifen-inducible N-Me conditional knockout mice induced profound antileukemic effects with extended survival and almost complete suppression of leukemia initiating cell activity. Altogether, these results identify N-Me as a major downstream effector NOTCH1 critically required for MYC expression in T-cell development and leukemia. Citation Format: Adolfo Ferrando. An oncogenic enhancer drives NOTCH1-induced leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Molecular structure determination for photogenerated intermediates in photoinduced electron transfer reactions using steady-state and transient XAFS

Many photoinduced electron transfer reactions are accompanied by nuclear rearrangements of the molecules involved. In order to understand the reactivities of the molecules and the reaction mechanisms, precise information on the molecular structural changes accompanying the electron transfer is often required. We present here conventional XAFS and transient energy dispersive XAFS studies on (1) the structures of excited and photoinduced charge separated states of porphyrin and porphyrin based supermolecules, and (2) stmctures of TiO2 colloid and the heavy metal ions that bind to the colloid surfaces during photocatalytic reductions.
Bithalamic Dysfunction in Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

We describe a 65-year-old, nonalcoholic, right-handed female with multiple vascular risk factors who developed transient visuospatial hemineglect and global aphasia after presenting with the classic triad of Wernicke’s encephalopathy (mental status changes, nystagmus/ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia). A brain MRI showed no evidence of acute infarction, but demonstrated signal change in the medial thalami and mammillary bodies. Intravenous thiamine therapy was given, and visuospatial hemineglect and ophthalmoplegia disappeared while the aphasia improved. The occurrence of these acute transient clinical features has not been previously reported in Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Impact of Consuming ‘Toxic’ Monarch Caterpillars on Adult Chinese Mantid Mass Gain and Fecundity

Predators that feed on chemically-defended prey often experience non-lethal effects that result in learned avoidance of the prey species. Some predators are able to consume toxic prey without ill-effect. The Chinese mantid is able to consume cardenolide-containing monarch caterpillars without immediate adverse effects. Although they discard the caterpillars’ gut contents, mantids consume sequestered cardenolides. Although consumption of these cardenolides does not elicit an acute response, there may be long-term costs associated with cardenolide consumption. We tested the hypothesis that consumption of monarch caterpillars will adversely affect adult mantid biomass gain and reproductive condition. We reared mantids from egg to adult and assigned them to one of four toxicity groups that differed in the number of monarch caterpillars offered over a 15-day period. Mantids consumed similar amounts of prey biomass during the experiment. Yet, mantids in the high-toxicity group had a higher conversion efficiency and gained more biomass than mantids in other groups. Mantids in all treatment groups produced similar numbers of eggs. However, mantids in the high-toxicity group produced heavier eggs and devoted a greater portion of their biomass toward egg production than those in the control group. This increase in reproductive condition is probably driven by variation in prey nutritional value and/or the nutritional advantages inherent in eating multiple food types. Our results demonstrate the mantid is able to incorporate ‘toxic’ monarch prey into its diet without acute or chronic ill-effects.
Neutrosophic segmentation of breast lesions for dedicated breast CT

We proposed the neutrosophic approach for segmenting breast lesions in breast Computer Tomography (bCT) images. The neutrosophic set (NS) considers the nature and properties of neutrality (or indeterminacy), which is neither true nor false. We considered the image noise as an indeterminate component, while treating the breast lesion and other breast areas as true and false components. We first transformed the image into the NS domain. Each voxel in the image can be described as its membership in True, Indeterminate, and False sets. Operations α-mean, β-enhancement, and γ-plateau iteratively smooth and contrast-enhance the image to reduce the noise level of the true set. Once the true image no longer changes, we applied one existing algorithm for bCT images, the RGI segmentation, on the resulting image to segment the breast lesions. We compared the segmentation performance of the proposed method (named as NS-RGI) to that of the regular RGI segmentation. We used a total of 122 breast lesions (44 benign, 78 malignant) of 123 non-contrasted bCT cases. We measured the segmentation performances of the NS-RGI and the RGI using the DICE coefficient. The average DICE value of the NS-RGI was 0.82 (STD: 0.09), while that of the RGI was 0.8 (STD: 0.12). The difference between the two DICE values was statistically significant (paired t test, p-value = 0.0007). We conducted a subsequent feature analysis on the resulting segmentations. The classifier performance for the NS-RGI (AUC = 0.8) improved over that of the RGI (AUC = 0.69, p-value = 0.006).
Use of a Respondent-Generated Personal Code for Matching Anonymous Adolescent Surveys in Longitudinal Studies.

Abstract Purpose Research on sensitive and private topics relies heavily on self-reported responses. Social desirability bias may reduce the accuracy and reliability of self-reported responses. Anonymous surveys appear to improve the likelihood of honest responses. A challenge with prospective research is maintaining anonymity while linking individual surveys over time. Methods We have tested a secret code method in which participants create their own code based on eight questions that are not expected to change. Results In an ongoing middle school trial, 95.7% of follow-up surveys are matched to a baseline survey after changing up to two-code variables. The percentage matched improves by allowing up to four changes (99.7%). Conclusions The use of a secret code as an anonymous identifier for linking baseline and follow-up surveys is feasible for use with adolescents. While developed for violence prevention research, this method may be useful with other sensitive health behavior research.
The Social Psychology of Groups by J. W. Thibaut and H. H. Kelley

(1961). The Social Psychology of Groups by J. W. Thibaut and H. H. Kelley. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 353-354.
Cold stress alters characteristics of sympathetic nerve discharge bursts

Frequency-domain analyses were used to determine the effect of cold stress on the relationships between the discharge bursts of sympathetic nerve pairs, sympathetic and aortic depressor nerve pairs...
Freedge: Fighting Food Insecurity With Connected Infrastructure

We created the "freedge" smartfridge network to level the playing field for the 1 in 10 Americans that live with "food insecurity", the condition of not knowing where a next meal will come from at least once per week. To understand more about how to alleviate hunger, we spoke with food assistance organizations and conducted a cultural probe with the general public. Our research suggested our design must (1) focus on both the short- and long-term problems (2) be close to people's homes (3) support ad-hoc use (4) enable low-obligation volunteering. Our prototype "freedge" is a device for neighborhoods to collect and distribute food donations. It has built-in cameras and locking compartments, with a companion app that allows users to browse and reserve food remotely as well as to crowdsource quality assurance.
Revamping timing error resilience to tackle choke points at NTC systems

Process variation is a conspicuous predicament for sub-micron VLSI circuits. In this paper, we illustrate “choke points” as a vital consequence of process variation in the Near Threshold Computing (NTC) domain. Choke points are process variation affected sensitized logic gates with increased delay deviation. They dominate the choice of critical paths postfabrication. To mitigate the timing errors induced thereby, we propose Dynamic Choke Sensing (DCS). This technique senses the timing error causing opcode sequences, and uses the knowledge to prevent similar sequences from causing errors in future. Our scheme provides 25%–160% improvement in performance and 50%–90% improvement in energy efficiency as compared to contemporary timing error mitigation schemes, with minimal area and power overheads.
Application Level Reordering of Remote Direct Memory Access Operations

We present methods for the effective application level reordering of non-blocking RDMA operations. We supplement out-of-order hardware delivery mechanisms with heuristics to account for the CPU side overhead of communication and for differences in network latency: a runtime scheduler takes into account message sizes, destination and concurrency and reorders operations to improve overall communication throughput. Results are validated on InfiniBand and Cray Aries networks, for SPMD and hybrid (SPMD+OpenMP) programming models. We show up to 5! potential speedup, with 30-50% more typical, for synthetic message patterns in microbenchmarks. We also obtain up to 33% improvement in the communication stages in application settings. While the design space is complex, the resulting scheduler is simple, both internally and at the application level interfaces. It also provides performance portability across networks and programming models. We believe these techniques can be easily retrofitted within any application or runtime framework that uses one-sided communication, e.g. using GASNet, MPI 3.0 RMA or low level APIs such as IBVerbs.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and the Prevalence and Severity of Aortic Stenosis in Elderly Patients

BackgroundThe relationship between ideal cardiovascular health reflected in the cardiovascular health score (CVHS) and valvular heart disease is not known. The purpose of this study was to determin...
Naloxone Use Among Emergency Department Patients with Opioid Overdose.

Abstract Background Emergency department (ED) visits for unintentional opioid overdoses have increased dramatically. Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan®) is an opioid antagonist commonly used to treat these overdoses. Objective This study was undertaken to identify experiences regarding naloxone use among ED patients with opioid overdose. Methods This prospective survey study was conducted at an urban level I trauma center. A survey was administered to eligible ED patients after unintentional opioid overdose. This study identified current and previous use of naloxone among ED patients with opioid overdose. Results Eight-nine ED patients with accidental overdose of opioids participated (90% participation rate). Most participants reported a history of opioid overdose (n = 62 [70%]). A significant minority stated they have had access to a naloxone kit (n = 28 [31%]). Most participants with a naloxone kit stated that their frequency and dosage of opiate use did not change after access to naloxone (n = 17 [63%]), and a few used opiates more often (n = 1 [4%]) or less often (n = 9 [33%]). There was a significant negative correlation between total dose and age (Spearman ρ –0.27; p = 0.01). There was no association between dose and sex. Conclusions Many patients presenting with opioid overdose have had a history of opioid overdose. Patients with opioid overdose required a highly variable dose of naloxone. Higher doses of naloxone were associated with lower age. Despite widespread availability of naloxone to consumers, a minority of patients in this study reported access to naloxone. Participants who had access to a naloxone kit stated that their frequency and dosage of opioid use did not change.
Anaphylatoxins: C3a and C5a.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural and functional characterization of anaphylatoxins, spasmogenic substances released during complement activation. These low molecular weight peptide fragments of C3 and C5 elicit a variety of cellular responses, which implies that they play a significant role in inflammation and acute allergic reactions. Their stimulation of multiple cell types at pico- and femtomolar concentrations suggests a hormone-like action via specific cell surface receptors. By using the information available defining the amino acid sequences of these molecules it is possible to synthesize oligopeptides with the properties of anaphylatoxins and these compounds serve as effective tools for analyzing further the mechanism(s) by which these potent substances function. They are functionally defined by their actions on the vasculature, smooth muscle, mast cells, and certain types of peripheral blood cells. The most important contribution of anaphylatoxin research to biology is the realization that complement reaction products act as hormone-like messengers that profoundly affect the function of certain cells. A variety of cell types is activated by the complement reaction products C3a and C5a, whether they are acting as spasmogens, chemotaxins, or cause release reactions.
Gamow-Teller strength in the 54Fe(p,n)54Co reaction at 135 MeV.

The $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$(p,n${)}^{54}$Co reaction was studied at 135 MeV by the time-of-flight technique. Neutrons were detected with an energy resolution of 245 keV in large-volume, mean-timed counters at a flight path of 125 m. The forward-angle spectra are dominated by the excitation of ${1}^{+}$ states with characteristic \ensuremath{\Delta}l=0 angular distributions peaked at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The strengths of the ${1}^{+}$ excitations are interpreted as being equivalent to Gamow-Teller (GT) strengths excited in beta decay. This strength is observed to be highly fragmented; GT strength is identified in more than 30 states. The B(GT-) strength is obtained relative to the Fermi strength B(F) assumed to be concentrated in the ${0}^{+}$, isobaric-analog ground state. The total B(GT-) strength observed in discrete states, combined with the B(GT+) strength obtained from the (n,p) reaction, yields a lower limit of 48 percent of the 3(N-Z) sum rule. Inclusion of \ensuremath{\Delta}l=0 strength in the background and continuum above a quasifree scattering background increases this lower limit to 73 percent. If one considers the \ensuremath{\Delta}l=0 strength observed in the full background and continuum up to ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=25 MeV, the entire sum rule may be satisfied. The observed distribution of GT strength is in good agreement with a truncated 1f-2p shell-model calculation.
Radiofrequency Application to the Posteroseptal Region Alters Retrograde Accessory Pathway Activation

Introduction: Radiofrequency applications to the posteroseptal region can ablate the atrioventricular accessory pathway residing in this area. In conjunction with the adjacent anatomic structures, however, ablative lesions which do not effectively ablate the accessory pathway could markedly alter retrograde atrial activation sequence and confound interpretation of further mapping of an accessory pathway. Methods and Results: Electrophysiologic studies, endocardial activation mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation were undertaken in three patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia. Patients were initially thought to have a single posteroseptal accessory pathway; earliest ventrioatrial activation during tachycardias and during ventricular pacing was at the coronary sinus ostium, but initial radiofrequency applications were unsuccessful to ablate the pathway. After initial radiofrequency applications to the posteroseptal region, the earliest retrograde atrial activation changed to the right atrial free wall in two patients. Additional radiofrequency application to the posteroseptal area was able to ablate the single posteroseptal accessory pathway in one patient. Radiofrequency application to the right atrial free wall was required to stop tachycardia initiation in other patient. The third patient was suspected of having a slow-slow atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Radiofrequency application to the posteroseptal area changed the earliest retrograde atrial activation to the distal coronary sinus recording site, mimicking an accessory pathway at the left atrial free wall. Radiofrequency application to the anteroseptum was able to ablate the concealed accessory pathway. Conclusion: Radiofrequency applications to the posteroseptal region can markedly alter retrograde atrial activation, thereby confounding further mapping of the accessory pathway.
Microglial cell activation and senescence are characteristic of the pathology FXTAS.

Background Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder associated with premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene. Expansions of more than 200 CGG repeats give rise to fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited form of cognitive impairment. Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is characterized by cerebellar tremor and ataxia, and the presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions in neurons and astrocytes. It has been previously suggested that fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is associated with an inflammatory state based on signs of oxidative stress-mediated damage and iron deposition. Objective Determine whether the pathology of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome involves microglial activation and an inflammatory state. Methods Using ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and cluster differentiation 68 antibodies to label microglia, we examined the number and state of activation of microglial cells in the putamen of 13 fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and 9 control postmortem cases. Results Nearly half of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases (6 of 13) presented with dystrophic senescent microglial cells. In the remaining fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases (7 of 13), the number of microglial cells and their activation state were increased compared to controls. Conclusions The presence of senescent microglial cells in half of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome cases suggests that this indicator could be used, together with the presence of intranuclear inclusions and the presence of iron deposits, as a biomarker to aid in the postmortem diagnosis of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. An increased number and activation indicate that microglial cells play a role in the inflammatory state present in the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome brain. Anti-inflammatory treatment of patients with fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome may be indicated to slow neurodegeneration. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.