cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinimetric Analysis of the Motor Section of the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale: Reliability and Factor Analysis.

Author(s): Hall, Deborah A; Stebbins, Glenn T; Litvan, Irene; Bordelon, Yvette; Riley, David E; Leverenz, James; Standaert, David G | Abstract: IntroductionPSP is a rare degenerative disorder associated with significant morbidity. Recently, investigations of the etiology and treatment of PSP have been initiated. The aim of the present study was to validate the motor domain of the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) as part of a larger epidemiological study.MethodsFifty videos of patients with PSP were rated by four trained movement disorder neurologists using the PSPRS. Reliability and construct validity of the scale were evaluated using standard methods.ResultsInter-rater reliability for the total scale score was good. Internal consistency of the scale improved with the removal of three items. Four factors accounted for the majority of the variance of the scale as determined by principal components analysis.DiscussionThis study shows that the motor domain of the PSPRS is a reliable scale, with a factor structure that suggests construct validity, for the assessment of motor signs of the disease. Removal or modification of items may improve the clinimetric features of the motor domain of the scale.
Modeling of diffusion in closed cell polymeric foams

Closed-cell foams made of polymers have the lowest thermal conductivity of any currently available insulation material other than vacuum insulation systems. The increase of foam conductivity with age occurs as air diffuses into the foam while the blowing agent diffuses out, thus modifying the cell gas composition. Also, the change in cell gas composition influences the dimensional stability of the foams. To predict the long term aging behavior and dimensional stability of these foams, the diffusion characteristics of the different components need to be known. Several models exist in the literature which describe diffusion in foams. The most popular of these models are reviewed, and effective diffusivities predicted from one model are compared with experimental data. An unsteady state model is then proposed and solved numerically using a finite difference scheme. The numerical solution algorithm is developed to efficiently solve the large number of coupled equations resulting from this model. The uptake curves predicted from both the unsteady-state model and a discrete model (Bart and Du Cauze De Nazelle, 1993) are compared with available experimental data for the polystyrene-nitrogen system. From the analysis of uptake curves generated for different numbers of cells, the effective diffusivity of the PS/N 2 system is predicted. Also, the effect of initial cell gas composition and cell size on both the long term aging profile and dimensional stability of polyurethane foam is considered. The proposed model can easily be extended to include the influence of blowing agent concentration on diffusivity in the polymer phase and the isotherm describing the distribution of blowing agent between the gas and polymer phases.
Purification and Propeties of (+)-cis-Naphthalene Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida

Abstract Cells of Pseudomonas putida, after growth with naphthalene as sole source of carbon and energy, contain an enzyme that oxidizes (+)-cis-1(r),2(s)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene to 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 102,000 and apparently consists of four 25,500 molecular weight subunits. The enzyme is specific for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an electron acceptor and also oxidizes several other cis-dihydrodiols. However, no enzymatic activity was observed with trans-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, or the K-region cis-dihydrodiols of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons.
A MODEL-BASED DESIGN-FOR-VERIFICATION APPROACH TO CHECKING FOR DEADLOCK IN MULTI-THREADED APPLICATIONS

This paper explores an approach to design for verification in systems built atop a middleware framework which separates synchronization concerns from the "core-functional logic" of a program. The framework is based on a language-independent compositional model of synchronization contracts, called Szumo, which integrates well with popular OO design artifacts and provides strong guarantees of non-interference for a class of strictly exclusive systems. An approach for extracting models from Szumo design artifacts and analyzing the generated models to detect deadlocks is described. A key decision was to use Constraint Handling Rules to express the semantics of synchronization contracts, which allowed a transparent model of the implementation logic.
Parallel Simulation of Large-Scale Parallel Applications

Accurate and efficient simulation of large parallel applications can be facilitated with the use of direct execution and parallel discrete-event simulation. This paper describes MPI-SIM, a direct execution-driven parallel simulator designed to predict the performance of existing MPI and MPI-IO application. MPI-SIM can be used to predict the performance of these programs as a function of architectural characteristics, including number of processors, message communication latencies, caching algorithms, and alternative implementations of collective I/O operations. Results are presented, which show the use of MPI-SIM in performing a scalability study of real-world applications. The benchmarks chosen for the study include Sweep3D, one of the ASCI benchmarks, and BTIO, an I/O-intensive benchmark from the NAS Parallel Benchmark suite. MPI-SIM is shown to accurately and efficiently predict the performance of Sweep3D running on an Origin 2000. It is also used to demonstrate the impact of the number of I/O nodes on BTIO's performance.
Oxygen isotope map of the giant metamorphic-hydrothermal system around the northern part of the Idaho batholith, U.S.A.

Abstract Determinations of δ18O values from 100 outcrops of Belt Supergroup (Wallace Fm.) metasedimentary rocks in the Idaho panhandle reveal a regular regional pattern that was produced by pervasive fluid infiltration and isotopic exchange. Low grade argillites at large distances (60 km) from the Idaho batholith have high δ18O values +15, compatible with their probable primary values. Pelitic rocks with anomalously low δ18O values of + 8.7 to + 12.7‰ occur in the following zones: (1) in a 5000 km2 zone of schist and gneiss peripheral to the Idaho batholith, generally coincident with high-grade (sillimanite-bearing) assemblages; (2) in high-grade metasedimentary roof pendants within the Idaho batholith; (3) peripheral to small Cretaceous stocks; and (4) within and near the scapolite-bearing zone south-west of St. Regis. On δ18O−δ18O plots, data from coexisting minerals define trends with unit slopes, indicating that the reductions in 18O occurred under high-grade metamorphic conditions. This metamorphism culminated in the emplacement of the Idaho batholith, probably as a consequence of profound crustal thickening associated with the Cretaceous accretion of the Wallowa-Seven Devils arc terranes with North America. The huge low-18O region is bounded by a “steep” δ18O gradient (0.1–0.5‰/km) that occurs in low-grade rocks along and near the Lewis and Clark Line, well below the biotite isograd. This boundary zone may be analogous to, but is not nearly as sharp as, those of meteoric-hydrothermal systems in many regions. The important ore deposits of the Coeur d'Alene district are located in this peripheral zone, suggesting that the metamorphic-hydrothermal system may have been intimately involved in their formation. In addition, the metamorphic-hydrotermal system in Idaho is larger, deeper and higher in temperature than typical meteoric-hydrothermal systems, and it involved fluids with much higher δ18O values that were probably dominantly derived from formation waters. Accordingly, this system produced rocks with δ18O values similar to those of the Idaho batholith, and mineral assemblages that approach isotopic equilibrium under high temperature conditions.
Preservation of extracorporeal tissue in closing gastroschisis augments intestinal length.

Abstract Background Prenatal closure of the umbilical ring in gastroschisis may result in an amorphous, nonviable appearing extracorporeal tissue that is resected during the repair. However, it is unclear whether such remnant intestine is truly nonviable. Methods and Results We examined the outcomes of patients when this tissue is preserved. We identified 8 patients who presented with a closing gastroschisis and a mass of tissue connected by a vascular pedicle. Four patients underwent abdominal exploration with resection of the mass and gastroschisis closure. Histologic examination revealed normal intestinal wall architecture. All patients in this group developed short bowel syndrome, requiring long-term parenteral nutrition. Conversely, 4 patients underwent abdominal exploration with internalization of the remnant tissue, a maneuver referred to as "parking," along with either silo placement, or primary closure of the gastroschisis. At re-exploration, 3 of 4 patients were found to have viable intestine, and bowel continuity was reestablished. The mean parenteral nutrition requirement for this group was significantly shorter than the resected group. Conclusion In this series, we show that this amorphous tissue, when preserved, may exhibit normal intestinal architecture and absorptive function. Therefore, such remnant tissue should be preserved as it may significantly increase bowel length and minimize parenteral nutrition requirement.
Adaptive Significance of Intra- and Interspecific Differences in the Feeding Repertoires of Cichlid Fishes

Intraspecific modulatory multiplicity in the feeding mechanism of cichlids as elucidated by electromyography has profound implications on small-scale trophic events the sum of which is the very core of such large-scale population and evolutionary phenomena as efficiency of trophic exploitation niche width and overlap competition and adaptation. The greatest paradox emerging from the study on intra and interspecific differences in feeding repertoires of cichlid fishes is that the most specialized taxa are not only remarkable specialists in a narrow sense but also jacks-of-all-trades. If specialists are simultaneously jacks of-all-trades how could they have evolved according to the widely accepted hypothesis that broadening the range of usable resources prevents species from specializing on individual types? The organism can be considered to be composed of structural elements and functional components that exert mutual influences. As a result, a network of interacting constraints is set up. The nature of the network determines the direction and range of evolutionary changes the possibilities of optimizing adaptations and built-in variability of the trait. A change in the network can put a static trait into a different context to become dynamic. These changes in variability due to changes in the structure of the network cannot be explained in terms of simple adaptation to the external environment. Fitness is considered to depend on the nature of a network of interacting constraints. The possibilities of optimization the sensitivity of the phenotypic traits to environmental differences and the correlated evolutionary responses of different traits are all related to this network of interacting constraints between the elements and components of the organism. Thus the experimental and comparative studies of these networks of interacting constraints should become an increasingly more important focus for morphologists as they attempt to refine their understanding of adaptation.
Response of Halomonas campisalis to saline stress: changes in growth kinetics, compatible solute production and membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition

The haloalkaliphile Halomonas campisalis, isolated near Soap Lake, Washington, was grown under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions from 0 to 260 g L(-1) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 20 and 30 g L(-1) NaCl, respectively. Halomonas campisalis was observed to produce high concentrations of compatible solutes, most notably ectoine (up to 500 mM within the cytoplasm), but hydroxyectoine and glycine betaine were also detected. The types and amounts of compatible solutes produced depended on salinity and specific growth rate, as well as on the terminal electron acceptor available (O(2) or NO(3) (-)). A decrease in ectoine production was observed with NO(3) (-) as compared with O(2) as the terminal electron acceptor. In addition, changes in the phospholipid fatty acid composition were measured with changing salinity. An increase in trans fatty acids was observed in the absence of salinity, and may be a response to membrane instability. Cyclic fatty acids were also observed to increase, both in the absence of salinity, and at very high salinities, indicating cell stress at these conditions.
Intraseptal injection of the cholinergic immunotoxin 192-IgG saporin fails to disrupt latent inhibition in a conditioned taste aversion paradigm

Male Sprague-Dawley rats received injections of 100 or 375 ng 192-IgG saporin (SAP) or artificial CSF (C) into the medial septum/diagonal band complex (MSDB). SAP treated rats exhibited brief increases in daily water consumption which recovered to control levels by twenty one days following surgical treatment. Half of all subjects were preexposed to a 0.2% saccharin solution (CS) for 4 consecutive days prior to the establishment of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to saccharin. SAP was not found to alter acquisition of a normal CTA nor CS preexposure effects. All subjects which experienced CS/US pairing displayed aversions to saccharin when given a two bottle choice test. However, those subjects which were preexposed to saccharin prior to CS/US pairing displayed significantly weaker aversions than non-preexposed subjects. These subjects consumed a higher percent saccharin on test day and their CTAs extinguished more rapidly relative to non-preexposed subjects. While these behavioral measures remained undisrupted, intraseptal SAP treatment dose-dependently decreased hippocampal levels of high affinity choline transport as well as significantly decreasing HAChT in cingulate and frontal cortices. No such changes in HAChT were observed in striatum or entorhinal cortex. These data suggest that the MSDB cholinergic cell population is not critical to selective attentional processes believed to underlie latent inhibition.
Ethanol production: Energy and economic issues related to U.S. and Brazilian sugarcane

This analysis employs the most recent scientific data for the U.S. and for Brazil sugarcane production and the fermentation/distillation. These two countries were selected because they are the two largest countries in the world producing ethanol. All current fossil energy inputs used in the entire process of producing ethanol from sugarcane were included to determine the entire energy cost for ethanol production. Additional costs to consumers, including federal and state subsidies, plus costs of environmental pollution and/or degradation associated with the entire production system are discussed. The economic and the broad human food supply issues are evaluated. In addition, other studies are compared.
The Family Health Status Inventory: Development, Reliability, and Validity

The purpose of this study is to present the development of the Family Health Status Inventory (FHSI) (Norem, Malia, & Garrison, 2001), including estimates of its reliability and validity. The FHSI was developed as a parsimonious self-report, matrix-format, Likert-type assessment to measure the health status of families. The FHSI includes 16 items on which participants report for all family members. Following initial content validity appraisal and principal-components, reliability, and correlational analyses from two studies with different samples, we concluded that we had found support for the reliability and validity of the FHSI.
Observability and Criticality Analyses for Power Systems Measured by Phasor Measurements

This paper proposes observability and measurement criticality analysis methods for any type of current phasor measurement configurations. Measurement Jacobian cannot be decoupled when using current phasor measurements and thus conventional methods of network observability analysis can no longer be used. Current phasor measurements may be classified into two types based on their configuration. Depending on whether there is a voltage phasor measurement at the sending end of the measured line or not, a current phasor measurement configuration may be referred to as of type-1 or type-2, respectively. Two methods which can handle conventional as well as phasor measurements, one being a modified version of the conventional method for type-1, and the other being a new method for type-2 phasor measurements, are developed and presented. Moreover, due to the fully coupled model used in the analysis, a method to handle voltage magnitude measurements is also developed.
Mathematical theory of complex ligand-binding systems at equilibrium: Some methods for parameter fitting

Abstract In this report, the equilibrium composition of a multicomponent crossreactive ligand-binding system is characterized by solving the mass action equations. Several results in simulation and parameter fitting for radioimmunoassay, ion-protein reactions, etc., are derived from these equations: 1. (1) The Scatchard binding curve bound-to-free ratio for ligand (vs bound ligand concentration) is shown to be a hyperbola, and is expressed in the explicit form y = f ( x ), for the case of two ligands and one binding group, or one ligand and two binding groups. 2. (2) Graphic methods are presented for estimation of binding parameters (affinity constants and total concentrations of reactant) by measuring the Scatchard curve in the abovementioned cases. 3. (3) Computational methods are presented for fitting parameters to data in the case of arbitrarily many ligands and arbitrarily many binding groups. 4. (4) Formulae are derived for the partial derivatives of the bound-to-free ligand ratio with respect to all binding parameters. 5. (5) An illustrative application is made to data from the literature on thyroid hormone binding.
Hypertension and pulmonary oedema associated with ketamine administration in a patient with a history of substance abuse.

Cocaine use, frequently associated with other substance abuse, is becoming more common in the pregnant patient. These patients are more likely to experience peripartum complications. A case of hypertension and pulmonary oedema in such a patient, possibly triggered by ketamine, is reported. A tumultuous course in the intensive care unit was resolved when the patient’s hypertension and sympathetic reactivity were successfully treated with barbiturates. A number of factors supported a diagnosis of barbiturate withdrawal in this patient, its onset also was related temporally to ketamine administration. Hypertension should be considered a sign of acute barbiturate withdrawal. If a history of cocaine use, particularly crack cocaine, is elicited, one should suspect multiple substance abuse and be especially cautious when administering ketamine.
503 SUSTAINED CATCH-UP GROWTH IN HYPOPITUITARY CHILDREN TREATED WITH INTERMITTENT GROWTH HORMONE (GH) AND FLUOXYMESTRONE (F)

Children with GH deficiency exhibit rapid “catch-up” growth during the first year of therapy, but growth often slows later. In an effort to prolong “catch-up” growth, 9 children with hypopituitarism, initial chronological age (CA) 12.2 yr., initial bone age (BA) 8 yr., were treated for a mean of 3 years with four different regimens of intermittent GH (dose - 2 U/day X 28 consecutive days every 3 months X 2) and/or F (dose - 2.5 mg/m2/day). Each regimen lasted 6 months, and the order of regimens was chosen at random. The four regimens were: GH alone, GH + F on the same days that GH was given (GH + FS), GH + daily F (GH + FL), and F alone. The growth rates (X±SE) and mean change in BA/change in height age (HA) for each regimen are listed below: Mean growth rates and ΔBA/ΔHA were similar in 5 children who have stopped therapy (initial CA 13.3 yr., initial BA 9.5 yr., mean treatment length 2.6 yr., growth rate 8.2 cm/yr., ΔBA/ΔHA 1.16) and 4 children who continue treatment (initial CA 8 yr., initial BA 6.1 yr., mean treatment length 3.5 yr., growth rate 8.4 cm/yr., ΔBA/ΔHA 1.14). The combination of intermittent GH and F has maintained rapid growth for at least 3 years without excessive BA maturation.
An Integer Goal Programming Model for Determining Military Aircraft Expenditures

The decision-making process involved in the procurement of military weapon systems, although quite critical and complex, still encompasses the basic characteristics of a capital budgeting problem. Given a number of expenditure items and a limited budget, it is desired to procure those weapon systems that will achieve the goals and objectives of the government and/or military in the most efficient manner. Since these objectives are typically numerous and diverse, traditional decision-making techniques are not applicable. As such, integer goal programming is suggested as a technique to be employed to determine the number of military aircraft to be procured, given conflicting expenditure, budget and effectiveness goals. This method is demonstrated via a case example in which the solution results are presented.
The Potential Role of Chemokines and Inflammatory Cytokines in Periodontal Disease Progression

Inflammation is regulated by the expression of mediators that cause a number of pleiotropic events culminating in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and release of biologic mediators by leukocytes. If the inflammation is transient in nature, it can protect the host by activating defense mechanisms and initiating wound repair. However, if the inflammation is inappropriate, it can lead to considerable tissue damage. My colleagues and I have investigated the role of chemokines, particularly monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, in various pathological processes and the role of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in experimental periodontitis. I will discuss first the studies on chemokines and then the use of IL-1 and TNF blockers in inhibiting inflammation and bone loss in the periodontium.
129I and 36Cl concentrations in waters of the eastern Clear Lake area, California: Residence times and source ages of hydrothermal fluids

Abstract The Clear Lake area of northern California is the location of hot spring activity, some of which is associated with the formation of Au and Hg deposits. We measured 129 I I and 36 Cl Cl ratios in nine warm springs (formation springs), six cold springs with elevated levels of Cl and I (mineral springs), and five springs of recent meteoric origin. Dating of the I in the formation waters indicated that sources of I in these waters are formations with minimum ages between 60 and 80 Ma. This age range is in good agreement with the ages of the Franciscan Complex and the Great Valley Sequence, the dominant formations in this area. Because the mineral waters are essentially formation waters diluted with meteoric water, I in these waters is of the same origin. Residence times of the waters were calculated based on the build-up of129I and 36Cl as a consequence of the presence of U and Th in the crust. The residence time of the formation waters in the Great Valley Sequence, the location for most of these springs, was probably not longer than 84,000 yr. The concentrations found for 36Cl and 129I in the mineral waters indicate that these waters have residence times of similar magnitude in formations such as the Franciscan Complex or the Clear Lake Volcanics, which have slightly higher levels of U and Th than the Great Valley Sequence.
Marjory Scott Wardrop and Early Twentieth-century Georgian History

In her article "Marjory Scott Wardrop and Early Twentieth-century Georgian History" Shorena Stoyer presents documents and translations of Marjory Scott Wardrop (1869-1909), of hitherto unpublished manuscripts archived in the Wardrop Collection of the Oxford Bodleian Library. The manuscripts attest to Wardrop's role as an outside observer of matters Russian and Georgian in the early twentieth century and show her commitment to support the aspirations towards freedom by the Georgian people against tzarist invasion. Wardrop's manuscripts reveal valuable information about Russian and Georgian history, as well as Wardrop's views from a British angle. Thus, the Wardrop manuscripts are important for the study of Georgian and Russian politics and history including social and church history. Shorena Stoyer, "Marjory Scott Wardrop and Early Twentieth-century Georgian History" page 2 of 7 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 13.1 (2011):
Nucleotide homologies between the glycosylated seed storage proteins ofGlycine max andPhaseolus vulgaris

We have compared the partial nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of a phaseolin seed storage protein gene ofPhaseolus vulgaris (1) and a conglycinin storage protein gene ofGlycine max (2). Although these proteins are not antigenically related to one another, the architecture of the genes is similar throughout the sequences compared here. Intervening sequences interrupt the same amino acid positions in both genes. Within the 28% of theG. max gene and the 38% of theP. vulgaris gene represented in this comparison, 73% of the nucleotides in the coding and intervening sequences are identical, excluding the insertions and deletions. The nucleotide mismatches found in the coding sequences are distributed throughout the three codon positions with little bias towards the third codon position. In addition to the single nucleotide differences, six insertions or deletions, ranging from three to twenty-seven nucleotides in length, occur in this portion of the coding region and these are partially responsible for the molecular weight differences of the conglycinin α′-subunit and the phaseolin subunit.
Endometrial T-lymphocyte subset infiltration during the ovine estrous cycle and early pregnancy.

T-lymphocytes were quantitated within luminal, stromal and glandular areas of ovine endometrium. In experiment 1, ovariectomized (OVX), estrus (E) and day 13 (D13) ewes (six/group) received 500 μg of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or vehicle in ligated right and left uterine horns, respectively. At 48 h, uteri were removed for the immunohistochemical evaluation of T-lymphocyte subsets. In experiment 2, T-lymphocytes were quantitated within non-pregnant and pregnant uterine horns on day 19. For experiment 1, mean numbers of T4 and T8 lymphocytes within luminal and stromal areas of PHA-treated horns were greatest (P 0.05) between non-pregnant and pregnant horns; however, the number of CD45R lymphocytes was greater (P < 0.05) in endometrial tissue of pregnant than non-pregnant horns. The data indicate that the in vivo response of specific ovine T-lymphocytes to PHA was generally dependent upon reproductive stage and the presence of conceptus tissue influenced the infiltration of CD45R lymphocytes.
Solutions of pseudo-heat equations in the whole space

A brief survey of equations similar to (1.1) was made in [30], where mixed problems for pseudo-parabolic equations had been studied. We refer to the references in [30] for earlier results on equations of this type. Much progress on mixed problems in a cylindrical domain has recently been made [19, 27-31]. The objective of this work is to study the solutions of (1.1) in the whole space R ' x R under the initial condition
Clinical significance of microsatellite instability in endometrial carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of endometrial carcinomas with and without microsatellite instability (MSI). METHODS The authors prospectively acquired DNA from patients with endometrial carcinomas at Washington University Medical Center. Tumors were assigned MSI (+) status when two or more of five microsatellite repeat markers revealed novel bands in tumor DNA not present in the corresponding normal DNA. Clinical characteristics and survival data of patients with and without MSI were abstracted from patient charts. Statistical significance was calculated with the chi-square test, and survival was assessed with Kaplan–Meier methods. RESULTS The authors found 65 of 70 (93%) patients with MSI (+) tumors to be of white race, whereas only 124 of 159 (78%) patients with MSI (−) tumors were white (P = 0.012). Advanced disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage III–IV) was observed in 9 of 70 (13%) MSI (+) patients and 44 of 159 (28%) MSI (−) patients (P = 0.017). In addition, aggressive histologic subtypes were observed less frequently in MSI (+) tumors (6/70 [8%]) than in MSI (−) tumors (30 of 159 [19%]) (P = 0.034). Race and stage were shown by multivariate analysis to be different in MSI (+) and MSI (−) patients. Recurrence and overall survival were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MSI (+) tumors were more likely to be of white race and to present with early stage disease. Further investigation is needed to explain why patients with MSI (+) tumors have similar survival to patients with MSI (−) tumors, despite presenting at earlier stages, being of white race, and being less likely to be associated with virulent histologic subtypes. Cancer 2000;89:1758–64. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
The action of monochromatic ultaviolet light on proteins

Abstract The ultraviolet inactivation spectra are reported for dry trypsin at 300° K and 90° J, gramicidin, RNA-ase in acid and alkali, and aldolase. Trypsin and RNA-ase, which have relatively large amounts of cystine, have action spectra which differ markedly from their absorption spectra. Their action spectra show a large component which is similar to the absorption spectrum of cystine. The action spectrum for trypsin at 90° K is parallel to, but less than, that at room temperature. The inactivation efficiency of photons absorbed in cystine has been estimated to be 0.05 compared to 2·10−3 for the other amino acids and the peptide bond. The existence of several inactivation mechanisms is shown by the difference in sedimentation patterns of trypsin inactivated at 2537 and 2805 A. Gramicidin has a constant quantum yield of about 4·10−3. A large change in the spectrum of RNA-ase, produced by partial ionization of tyrosine in alkali, produced only a small change in the action spectrum. The data indicate that the quantum efficiency for tyrosine is not constant but decreases toward long wavelengths. The action spectrum for aldolase is parallel to the absorption spectrum except for wavelengths above 2800 A where the RNA-ase data indicate a decrease in the efficiency of photons absorbed in tyrosine. The absolute value of the quantum yield for aldolase depends on the environmental conditions after irradiation.
Well and barrier dynamics and electron transfer rates. A molecular dynamics study

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for model electronically adiabatic electron transfer (ET) reactions. The reactants are immersed in various model dipolar aprotic solvents, ranging from slightly overdamped to strongly overdamped. In all cases, the solvent barrier recrossings which give the solvent dynamical influence on the ET rate are determined by motion in the barrier top region, and not in the solvent wells as some current notions would have it. The MD reaction transmission coefficients are reproduced by Grote-Hynes theory to within the simulation error bars, while other analytic descriptions such as Zusman theory (in its range of applicability) and Kramers theory are less satisfactory, and fail significantly in the overdamped solvent regime. The reasons for these results as well as their implications for the interpretation of adiabatic ET rates are briefly discussed.
A kinetic study of the CF3CFH recombination and O2 addition reactions

Abstract The CF3CFH+O2 and the CF3CFH recombination reactions have been studied via flash photolysis—time-resolved ultraviolet spectroscopy. The rate constant for the oxygen addition reaction has a measured value of kO2=(2.1±0.5) × 10−12 cm3s−1, whereas it is ks = (1.0±0.3) × 10−11 cm3 s−1 for the self-reaction. We also report the UV absorption spectrum of the CF3CFH radical which extends from 220 nm to shorter wavelengths and has a maximum cross section of (1.6±0.3) × 10−18 cm2 in the range of 190–220 nm.
Of Cartridges and Columns: New Roles for Cadherins in Visual System Development

In this issue of Neuron , two papers provide new insights into roles for local cadherin-based interactions during axon targeting in the Drosophila visual system. Using high-resolution analyses, Chen and Clandinin identify nonautonomous roles for the atypical cadherin Flamingo during photoreceptor targeting, while Nern et al. demonstrate that local cell type-specific roles for N-cadherin control layer-specific targeting of lamina neurons.
Vygotsky's Stage Theory 1 : The Psychology of Art and the Actor under the Direction of Perezhivanie

This article reviews Vygotsky's writings on arts (particularly logocentric art including the theater) and emotions, drawing on his initial exploration in The Psychology of Art and his final considerations set forth in a set of essays, treatises, and lectures produced in the last years of his life. The review of The Psychology of Art includes attention to the limits of his analysis, the mixed Marxist legacy that is evident in the book, the cultural blinders that affect his vision of the relative value of different artistic productions, the content of what he elsewhere refers to his “tedious investigations” into extant views, and the gist of what he considers to be the essence of art. Attention to his late work falls into two areas: Emotion in formal drama and emotion in everyday drama, each of which involves perezhivanie, roughly but incompletely characterized as emotional experience. The article concludes with an effort to situate Vygotsky's writing on art and emotion both within his broader effort to art...
Duration of hospital stay and post-myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality: a Kaiser-Permanente experience.

Among 209 evaluable consecutive patients (mean age 57 years) admitted in 1978 and 1979 for acute myocardial infarction, 186 survived. The mean hospital stay of the survivors was 9.7 days. Of these patients, 99 (53%) with complicated myocardial infarction had a mean hospital stay of 11.2 days; 87 (47%) with uncomplicated infarction had a mean stay of 7.9 days.All patients were followed for at least 6 months. During the 6-month post- hospitalization interval, the overall mortality was about 6%. Of the 12 patients who died, 11 had complicated, and 1 had uncomplicated myocardial infarction.The reinfarction rate in 6 months was 4% for complicated and 2% for uncomplicated infarction. Congestive heart failure was 3% for complicated and zero for uncomplicated infarction.Comparing these findings with reported series of patients with longer hospitalizations, we found no evidence that shortened hospitalization ad versely affects mortality or morbidity.
Information acquisition in an incomplete information model of business cycle

Abstract This paper studies the consequences of allowing information acquisition in a version of Lucas-Barro incomplete information model of business cycle. We apply the information equilibrium concept to show that an agent's information acquisition is not invariant to fluctuations of price level and that it has a significant effect on the size of output-inflation tradeoff. Using the optimality criteria, developed by Muench, we find that a change in mean money growth rate does not have any real consequences and that a constant money growth rule is superior to any monetary policy that induces all the agents to be fully informed.
Cast aluminum-matrix composites for automotive applications

The potential automotive applications of metal-matrix composites, particularly aluminum-matrix composites, are numerous. Although some composite components have reached the demonstrator stage, there is still much work to do and many barriers to conquer before widespread application can be expected. These challenges include such issues as processing for specific properties, compiling property databases and addressing recyclability.
Lipid composition of human alveolar macrophages

Lipids from human alveolar macrophages were characterized. The cells were obtained from a patient with pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar monocytosis. Phospholipids accounted for 80% of the total lipids, with the remainder neutral lipids. Phosphatidylcholine was the major phosphatide. Phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, and lyso-(bis)phosphatidic acid were the other phosphatides present. Arachidonic acid, especially in phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol, was present in significantly high amounts. The lipids from the human cells were compared with those obtained from normal rabbit alveolar macrophages. Five major differences are observed between the lipids from these two species. First, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin from human cells contained predominantly palmitic acid, whereas those from rabbit cells consisted mainly of fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms. Second, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol from the patient underwent partial oxidation, whereas the lipids of rabbit macrophages were not oxidized. Third, the lyso(bis)phosphatidic acid from the human cells contained significantly less arachidonic acid than that from rabbit cells. Fourth, all phosphatides, except phosphatidylglycerol, in human macrophages contained significantly less linoleic acid compared with those from rabbit cells. In the case of phosphatidylglycerol, the reverse was true. Fifth, free fatty acids were present only in the cells obstained from the patient.
The Double-Edged Sword of "Disaster Volunteerism": A Study of New Orleans Rebirth Movement Participants.

We examine the political and personal effects of disaster volunteerism with participants of the New Orleans Rebirth Movement (NORM) using four waves of pre- and postsurveys and qualitative analysis of participant journals. Significant increases are found in internal political efficacy, desire to be active in politics, and value placed on social justice issues, but disaster volunteerism also dramatically increases cynicism and emotional distress. Nearly every NORM participant in the study experienced emotional stress, and 1-in-5 self-medicated as a coping strategy upon one's return. Disaster volunteerism holds the potential to rapidly accelerate social justice consciousness and activism, even among those already inclined to be active, but the cost is high. Further research on this unique and increasingly popular type of community-based learning is needed.
The value of baseline CT head scans in the assessment of shunt complications in hydrocephalus.

The purpose of this study was to determine the value of a baseline CT head scan in the assessment of patients who subsequently presented with symptoms which may have been due to shunt complications (such as block-age or infection). In all these patients the shunt had been inserted in the treatment of hydrocephalus. We conclude that the presence of a baseline scan does not add to the interpretation of CT scans done when the patient presents with symptoms of possible shunt malfunction.
A depth-averaged turbulence model for the computation of free-surface flow

A numerical model to compute the free-surface flow by solving the depth-averaged, two-dimensional, unsteady flow equations is presented. The turbulence stresses are closed by using a depth-averaged model. However, viscous stresses and momentum dispersion stresses are neglected. The governing equations are first transformed into a general curvilinear coordinate system and then solved by the Beam and Warming Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme. To verify the model and illustrate its applications in hydraulic engineering, it is used to analyze (i) the developed uniform flow in a straight rectangular channel, (ii) hydraulic jump in a diverging channel, (iii) supercritical flow in a diverging channel, and (iv) circular hydraulic jump. The computed results are compared with the available measured data. The comparison of results with and without effective stresses shows that in many cases the effective stresses do not significantly affect the solution. However, it was observed that the computation of sup...
Prediction of recidivism using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles within a forensic sample

The Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R) has been well established as a predictor of recidivism in the literature. However, the research generally points to Factor 2 (antisocial behavior) as a str...
Technologies of the future

In the coming years, the requirements of industry will generate a wide range of hardware devices and software programs. These products will have the potential to significantly alter and improve the quality of education, but this will depend on several factors: allocation of resources for the hardware and the development of educational software and courseware; training to effectively use the new technologies; and development of authoring systems that are friendly, powerful and affordable.
Application of the rational function approximation to Wiener–Hopf calculations for fluid-loaded plates

This paper discusses the Wiener–Hopf analysis for the solution of fluid-loaded plate problems when the planar acoustic impedance is represented by a rational function approximation. With such a formulation, the factorization of the integrand kernel can immediately be written once the system poles are determined. The approach is applied to several representative problems, and the approximate results are shown to be in agreement with those of exact solutions.
An Analytical Investigation of Delamination Front Curvature in Double Cantilever Beam Specimens

An analytical investigation is conducted to determine the shape of a growing delamination and the distribution of the energy release rate along the delamination front in a laminated composite double cantilever beam specimen. Distributions of the energy release rate for specimens with straight delamination fronts and delamination front contours for delaminations whose growth is governed by the fracture criterion that G = Gc at all points are predicted as a function of material properties and delamination length. The predicted delamination front contours are utilized to ascertain the effect of the changing shape of the delamination front on the value of the critical strain energy release rate as computed from double cantilever beam fracture toughness test data.
Generalized grating equation for virtually-imaged phased-array spectral dispersers

The virtually-imaged phased array (VIPA) is a side-entrance etalon with potential application as a high-resolution spectral disperser for wavelength division multiplexing. Here we present an approximate analytical spectral dispersion law for the VIPA, which we confirm experimentally.
Vocational behavior 1989: The year in review

Abstract This article represents the 15th in a series of yearly reviews of the vocational behavior literature. Fitzgerald and Rounds' (1989, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 105–163) structural representation of the vocational literature served as the basis for organizing this year's review, although some modifications were necessitated by the growing volume of research in this area. The review ends with a commentary on the status and future of these yearly reviews.
Rock ’n’ Roll Experiences in Middle Age

Although many observers still assume that rock ’n’roll is essentially a feature of youth culture, the author argues that it is a key feature of adult culture and a primary source of everyday meanings for the first generation raised on it. The concept of the existential self, which focuses on the situational and evolving aspects of individuality in a rapidly changing social world, informs several qualitative studies to produce the following ways to characterize personal rock ’n’ roll experiences: the e-self, the self as lover, the self as parent, the self as believer, and the self as political actor.
Formation of the zebrafish midbrain–hindbrain boundary constriction requires laminin-dependent basal constriction

The midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) is a highly conserved fold in the vertebrate embryonic brain. We have termed the deepest point of this fold the MHB constriction (MHBC) and have begun to define the mechanisms by which it develops. In the zebrafish, the MHBC is formed soon after neural tube closure, concomitant with inflation of the brain ventricles. The MHBC is unusual, as it forms by bending the basal side of the neuroepithelium. At single cell resolution, we show that zebrafish MHBC formation involves two steps. The first is a shortening of MHB cells to approximately 75% of the length of surrounding cells. The second is basal constriction, and apical expansion, of a small group of cells that contribute to the MHBC. In the absence of inflated brain ventricles, basal constriction still occurs, indicating that the MHBC is not formed as a passive consequence of ventricle inflation. In laminin mutants, basal constriction does not occur, indicating an active role for the basement membrane in this process. Apical expansion also fails to occur in laminin mutants, suggesting that apical expansion may be dependent on basal constriction. This study demonstrates laminin-dependent basal constriction as a previously undescribed molecular mechanism for brain morphogenesis.
Catalytically active monomer of class mu glutathione transferase from rat.

Although rat glutathione transferase M1-1 is crystallized as a homodimer (GST M1-1), we have generated monomers (GST M1) of the enzyme by adding potassium bromide to buffer solutions containing the wild-type enzyme and by introducing point mutations in the electrostatic region of the subunit interface. The wild-type enzyme was evaluated in 0.05 M MES (pH 6.5) containing up to 3 M KBr. We report that the addition of KBr greatly influences the monomer−dimer equilibrium of the wild-type enzyme and that at 3 M KBr GST M1 has a specific activity close to that of GST M1-1. Since the effect of KBr is likely due to charge screening at the subunit interface, the influence on the monomer−dimer equilibrium exerted by the amino acid residues in the electrostatic region of the interface (Arg77, Asp97, Glu100, Asn101) was investigated. Mutations introduced at positions 97, 100, and 101 promote monomerization, resulting in enzymes that exhibit a decreased weight average molecular weight in comparison to that of the wild...
A Persistent Circhoral Ultradian Rhythm is Identified in Human Core Temperature

There have been inconclusive reports of intermittent rhythmic fluctuations in human core temperature, with the fluctuations having a period of about an hour. However, there has been no definitive demonstration of the phenomenon. This is likely due to the intermittency and seeming instability of the events. They have been assumed to be secondary rather than autonomous phenomena, putatively arising from the oscillation between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. In this study, we report identification of a clear, persistent circhoral ultradian rhythm in core temperature with a period for this study sample of 64 +/- 8 minutes. It appeared simultaneously with an intact circadian core temperature rhythm, persisted despite complex perturbations in core temperature brought about by the sequelae of 40 h of sleep deprivation, and could not be attributed to sleep stage alternation or other endogenous or exogenous factors. Analysis of power spectra using the maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) method, which can uncover hidden rhythmicities, demonstrated that the apparent intermittency of the rhythm is due to periodic interference of this rhythm by other rhythmic events. The persistence of this oscillation suggests that, in this system as in the endocrine system, circhoral regulation is an integral component of thermoregulatory control. Identifying the source and functional role of this novel rhythm warrants further work.