cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: Collection and Interpretation

Purpose/objectives To describe the role of the oncology nurse practitioner in the performance of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and discuss the indications and diagnostic value of bone marrow examination. Data sources Published articles, textbooks, personal experience. Data synthesis Bone marrow examination is useful in the diagnosis of many nonhematologic and hematologic conditions. Having a nurse practitioner perform bone marrow aspiration can improve patient care and comfort. Conclusions Greater understanding of bone marrow aspiration procedure and diagnostic tests helps nurse practitioners and oncology nurses to provide better patient care. Implications for nursing practice Advanced practice nurses in the oncology setting must take an active role in the development and implementation of clinical practice protocols for bone marrow collection.
Three-Dimensional Sonography of Biliary Tract Disorders

In this pictorial essay, we review the 3-dimensional sonographic appearance of the normal gallbladder and biliary tree, as well as the appearance of congenital and acquired biliary tract disorders. Using examples, we demonstrate the advantage of 3-dimensional scanning compared with 2-dimensional sonography and, even in certain cases, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.
Cluster Randomized Trial of a Church-Based Peer Counselor and Tailored Newsletter Intervention to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening and Physical Activity Among Older African Americans

Action Through Churches in Time to Save Lives (ACTS) of Wellness was a cluster randomized controlled trial developed to promote colorectal cancer screening and physical activity (PA) within urban African American churches. Churches were recruited from North Carolina (n = 12) and Michigan (n = 7) and were randomized to intervention (n = 10) or comparison (n = 9). Intervention participants received three mailed tailored newsletters addressing colorectal cancer screening and PA behaviors over approximately 6 months. Individuals who were not up-to-date for screening at baseline could also receive motivational calls from a peer counselor. The main outcomes were up-to-date colorectal cancer screening and Metabolic Equivalency Task (MET)-hours/week of moderate-vigorous PA. Multivariate analyses examined changes in the main outcomes controlling for church cluster, gender, marital status, weight, and baseline values. Baseline screening was high in both intervention (75.9%, n = 374) and comparison groups (73.7%, n = 338). Screening increased at follow-up: +6.4 and +4.7 percentage points for intervention and comparison, respectively (p = .25). Baseline MET-hours/week of PA was 7.8 (95% confidence interval [6.8, 8.7]) for intervention and 8.7 (95% confidence interval [7.6, 9.8]) for the comparison group. There were no significant changes (p = .15) in PA for intervention (-0.30 MET-hours/week) compared with the comparison (-0.05 MET-hours/week). Among intervention participants, PA increased more for those who participated in church exercise programs, and screening improved more for those who spoke with a peer counselor or recalled the newsletters. Overall, the intervention did not improve PA or screening in an urban church population. These findings support previous research indicating that structured PA opportunities are necessary to promote change in PA and churches need more support to initiate effective peer counselor programs.
Clover Root Curculio Injury and Vascular Decay of Alfalfa Roots

In an attempt to evaluate the importance and possible Interrelationships of insect, fungus, and nematode injury to the deterioration of alfalfa roots under field conditions over a period of 5 years, an insecticide, a nematicide, and a general soil fumigant were applied singly and in combinations to the soil prior to seeding. Root injury caused by larvae of the clover root curculio, Sitona hispidula (F.), was significantly reduced in the insecticide-treated plots. and there was more vascular decay in larval-injured roots than in roots free of insect injury. The nematicide did not significantly reduce populations of Pratylenchus negletus. Rensch (= P. minyus Sher. & Allen) so the possible relationships between nematode injury and vascular decay could not be determined. Winter injury of the crowns occurred 1 year and possibly afforded entry for vascular decay pathogens. The fungi most frequently isolated from roots were: Fusarium oxysporum Schl. sensu Snyd. and Han., a species of Pyrenochaeta, Phoma medicaginis Malbr. and Roum., and a sphaeropsidaceous fungus. F. oxysporum and the sphaeropsidaceous fungus were more frequently isolated from roots showing symptoms of vascular decay than from symptomless roots. All species were pathogenic on alfalfa seedlings. A study of the vertical distribution of larval injury showed that roots were most severely injured in the upper few inches of the root, but that injury did occur to a soil depth of 28 inches. In spite of the pressure of the biotic agents on the roots of alfalfa during this study, no significant plant mortality in untreated plots, no significant difference between treatments, and no significant difference in yields of forage occurred. It was concluded that alfalfa is an extremely hardy plant capable of withstanding the biotic agents that can cause mortality to alsike clovers under similar conditions.
Changes in Gross Output Value of Planting Industry and Their Decomposition of Crops in China Based on the LMDI Model

Based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, this study systematically analyzes the change in gross output value of planting industry in China during 1990–2012 , reveals the contribution of total sown areas of farm crops, planting structure, per hectare output of crop and price level of crop on gross output value of planting industry and identifies significant contributors to the changes at different times, thereby providing reference for the rapid growth in gross output value of planting industry in China. The following results are obtained: (1) The gross output value of planting industry in China was increased by 995.31 billion Yuan during 1990–2012; during those nine crops, rice had the maximum increment in gross output value, while peanut increased at the fastest rate; the output value of rice, wheat and maize occupied an important position, but showed overall downward trend with fluctuation. (2) The cumulative contributions of total sown area of farm crops, planting structure, per hectare output of crop and price level of crop on the gross output value were 88.64, −24.18, 228.22 and 702.63 billion Yuan, respectively. Price level of crop and per hectare output of crop were the main contributors to the rapid increase in gross output value of planting industry; from the view of respective crops, the effects of price level of crop and per hectare output of crop in those nine crops were positive; the rapid rise in the price of rice, maize, wheat, cotton and peanut, superimposed with the significant increase in the per hectare output of cotton and the planting proportion of maize, obviously promoted gross output value of planting industry during 1990–2012. (3) The gross output value of planting industry in China was closely related to national macroeconomic policies. The rise of crop price was the major contributor to increase in gross output value of planting industry during 1990–1996; the overall decline in the price of crop and the planting proportion led to significant decline in gross output value during 1997–2003; the rebound rise in the price of crop and the rapid increase in per hectare output of crop resulted in significant increase in gross output value of planting industry during 2004–2012.
ADVANCES IN CLUSTER HEADACHE MANAGEMENT

Cluster headache, an uncommon, excruciating headache distinct from migraine, is often misdiagnosed. Until recently, therapy was difficult, but verapamil has revolutionized treatment.
Mechanistic studies of O2 reduction effected by group 9 bimetallic hydride complexes.

Synthetic and kinetic studies are used to uncover mechanistic details of the reduction of O2 to water mediated by dirhodium complexes. The mixed-valence Rh20,II(tfepma)2(CNtBu)2Cl2 (1, tfepma = MeN[P(OCH2CF3)2]2, CNtBu = tert-butyl isocyanide) complex is protonated by HCl to produce Rh2II,II(tfepma)2(CNtBu)2Cl3H (2), which promotes the reduction of O2 to water with concomitant formation of Rh2II,II(tfepma)2(CNtBu)2Cl4 (3). Reactions of the analogous diiridium complexes permit the identification of plausible reaction intermediates. Ir20,II(tfepma)2(CNtBu)2Cl2 (4) can be protonated to form the isolable complex Ir2II,II(tfepma)2(CNtBu)2Cl3H (5), which reacts with O2 to form Ir2II,II(tfepma)2(CNtBu)2Cl3(OOH) (6). In addition, 4 reacts with O2 to form Ir2II,II(tfepma)2(CNtBu)2Cl2(η2-O2) (7), which can be protonated by HCl to furnish 6. Complexes 6 and 7 were both isolated in pure form and structurally and spectroscopically characterized. Kinetics examination of hydride complex 5 with O2 and HCl furnishes a rat...
Formulation for a practical implementation of electromagnetic induction coils optimized using stream functions

Continuous-wave (CW) electromagnetic induction (EMI) systems used for subsurface sensing typically employ separate transmit and receive coils placed in close proximity. The closeness of the coils is desirable for both packaging and object pinpointing; however, the coils must have as little mutual coupling as possible. Otherwise, the signal from the transmit coil will couple into the receive coil, making target detection difficult or impossible. Additionally, mineralized soil can be a significant problem when attempting to detect small amounts of metal because the soil effectively couples the transmit and receive coils. Optimization of wire coils to improve their performance is difficult but can be made possible through a stream-function representation and the use of partially convex forms. Examples of such methods have been presented previously, but these methods did not account for certain practical issues with coil implementation. In this paper, the power constraint introduced into the optimization routine is modified so that it does not penalize areas of high current. It does this by representing the coils as plates carrying surface currents and adjusting the sheet resistance to be inversely proportional to the current, which is a good approximation for a wire-wound coil. Example coils are then optimized for minimum mutual coupling, maximum sensitivity, and minimum soil response at a given height with both the earlier, constant sheet resistance and the new representation. The two sets of coils are compared both to each other and other common coil types to show the method’s viability.
Role and preliminary mechanism of heat shock protein 10 of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in inducing inflammatory reaction

To investigate the role and mechanism of heat shock protein 10(HSP10) of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in inducing inflammatory reaction.Purified native recombinant HSP10 from C.pneumoniae(CHSP10) were inactivated for cleaning contaminated endotoxin and were used to stimulate THP-1 with different concentrations for different time,then the cytokines levels were measured by using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.Peritoneal macrophages from TLR4-deficient mice and wide-type mice were stimulated with endotoxin-free proteins respectively,and the cytokines levels were measured.Furthermore,blocking experiments with neutralizing anti-human TLR2 or/and TLR4 MAb were carried out and ELISA was used to detect the concentration of cytokines.Result showed that HSP10 was able to induce IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in THP-1.Wild-type macrophages from C3H/HeN secreted higher IL-1β and IL-6 level compared with macrophages from TLR4-deficient mice after stimulation with HSP10,and the level of HSP10-induced proinflammatory cytokines decreased in blocking experiments compared with untreated control.In conclusion,HSP10 may be involved in the pathogenesis of C.pneumoniae-induced inflammation,while TLR2 and TLR4 appear to be involved in CHSP10-mediated expression of IL-1β and IL-6.
Mechanisms of twinning. II. Laterality and intercellular bonding in monozygotic twinning.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize observations on laterality and handedness to gain insight into the initiating mechanism of monozygotic human quadruplets. STUDY DESIGN: In a study of thumbprints and handedness in sets of monozygotic quadruplets, homolateral and heterolateral comparisons were used to distinguish mirror-image from symmetric divisions. RESULTS: Data were consistent with a mechanism involving a mirror-image duplication in the first division and a subsequent symmetric separation of the daughters. In addition, these data failed to substantiate a genetic linkage between dermatoglyphics and handedness. CONCLUSION: Reported and reviewed data tend to support the analogy of monozygotic polyembryony in armadillos and humans, The plausible roles of delayed implantation and intercellular bonding are explored, especially as they relate to ambient calcium concentration. Factors tending to enhance the likelihood of monozygotic twinning include calcium channel blockers, lactation, ovulation induction and prolonged in vitro fertilization incubation.
Duplication of the urethra

Ten patients with patent urethral duplication are presented. Nine patients had two independent patient channels originating from the bladder or the posterior urethra. Both voiding cystourethro and retrograde urethrography are necessary to completely evaluate this anomaly. In each instance the ventral channel, regardless of the position of its meatus, proved to be the more functional urethra. In those patients whose dorsal channel was in an epispadiac position, the symphysis pubis was abnormally wide. A functionally and anatomically accurate classification is proposed, and the embryology of these anomalies is discussed.
Autologous rectus sheath grafts. V. Growth in aortic grafts.

Experiments were designed to test autologous rectus sheath as a replacement for the thoracic aorta in the growing dog. Adequacy of graft function was determined by angiography at 4 month intervals; stress-strain measurements and microscopic examination were made at the time of autopsy. A 3 cm tubular graft of rectus sheath tissue was employed as an aortic graft in 13 mongrel puppies. Nine puppies (70%) were long-term survivors and were put to death between 6 and 22 months postoperatively. No deaths were due to graft failure. Angiographic studies demonstrated patency of the graft without development of pressure gradients. An increase in diameter of the aorta (21.25%) and the rectus sheath graft (22.87%) were demonstrated in all cases. During the time of observation, the compliance of the growing aorta (93,120 dynes/cm2) decreased to one fourth that of the control aortic tissue (24,800 dynes/cm2), whereas the compliance of the rectus sheath graft (547,1000 dynes/cm2) decreased to only one eighth that of the control rectus sheath (47,400 dynes/cm2). Tensile strength is maintained in both the growing aorta (4.5 × 107 dynes/cm2) and the rectus sheath graft (4.7 × 10’ dynes/cm2; p
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung: Review of a rare form of lung cancer.

Abstract Rationale Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare malignant lung tumor that histologically resembles typical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when it is metastatic to the lung. To date, this clinical entity has not been highlighted in the pulmonary literature. Objective We present a review of all known cases of HAC, including the relevant clinical and histopathological features important for pulmonologists. Measurements and main results The purpose of this report is to present a new case of HAC, with typical clinical and histologic features of this malignancy, and to summarize findings of previously reported cases. A systematic literature search of the electronic database PUBMED was conducted to identify all cases of hepatoid adenocarcinoma reported in the English literature, between January 1980 and June 2015. HAC and HCC can be distinguished by immunohistochemical staining. HAC usually presents as a large bulky solitary mass in the upper lobe; there is an exceedingly high prevalence in males and most patients with this tumor are smokers. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in very high levels has been a distinguishing feature of this tumor. Nodal and distant metastases are common at initial presentation and, as a result, the prognosis is very poor. Resection and long-term survival, however, have been reported. Conclusion Hepatoid adenocarcinoma, first described as a gastric tumor, has also been described in the lung. It morphologically resembles and must be distinguished from metastatic HCC of the lung. While most tumors produce AFP, the case we present demonstrates that this should not be a criterion for diagnosis.
Asthma control in adolescents 10 to 11 y after exposure to the World Trade Center disaster.

Little is known about asthma control in adolescents who were exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks of 11 September 2001 and diagnosed with asthma after 9/11. This report examines asthma and asthma control 10–11 y after 9/11 among exposed adolescents. The WTC Health Registry adolescent Wave 3 survey (2011–2012) collected data on asthma diagnosed by a physician after 11 September 2001, extent of asthma control based on modified National Asthma Education and Prevention Program criteria, probable mental health conditions, and behavior problems. Parents reported healthcare needs and 9/11-exposures. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between asthma and level of asthma control and 9/11-exposure, mental health and behavioral problems, and unmet healthcare needs. Poorly/very poorly controlled asthma was significantly associated with a household income of ≤$75,000 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–8.8), having unmet healthcare needs (AOR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.4–27.1), and screening positive for at least one mental health condition (AOR: 5.0; 95% CI: 1.4–17.7), but not with behavioral problems. The impact of having at least one mental health condition on the level of asthma control was substantially greater in females than in males. Comprehensive care of post-9/11 asthma in adolescents should include management of mental health-related comorbidities.
Model-based techniques for QoS assessment of cloud-hosted CDN services

Given cloud-based realization of a CDN service S (i.e., Content Distribution Network), QoS auditing captures the QoS violations that arise under various resource depletion and outage scenarios faced by S. Third-party control of the underlying cloud VM and storage nodes hosting the content (i.e., proxies of content server) raises the issue of reasoning about how well the CDN internal mechanisms are engineered to offer a required level of service to the application (i.e., low latency and overhead). We employ computational models of S to determine the optimal feasible proxy placements in the CDN topology and verify how close is the actual behavior of S to this 'gold standard'. Using declarative specifications, the QoS meta-data and CDN adaptation processes of S are externalized to enable a management module H reason about QoS violations. The paper elucidates the software and system engineering issues that arise in an external evaluation of the QoS provisioning of S by H.
Response to Symposium Participants

I am grateful to Professor David Schaefer for organizing this symposium and to him and the other participants for engaging with my book Leo Strauss Man of Peace. All the participants seem to think ...
What Exposes African Americans to Police Violence

The tragic deaths of African Americans at the hands of police officers have generated a public debate about race and policing. This is not the first time police violence against African Americans has been the predicate for a nationwide conversation about race. Likely, it won’t be the last. Yet, for all the discussions we have had about race and excessive force over the past decade, our understanding of the phenomenon has not much improved. In part, this is because we continue to frame excessive force as a problem that derives from rogue police officers who harbor racial animus against African Americans. That some police officers employ excessive force as a means through which to express their racial animosity is undoubtedly true. But, to lump all or even most police officers in that basket obscures the structural dimensions of police violence and ignores significant findings from the field of social psychology suggesting that conscious racial animosity likely accounts for only a small percentage of racially-inflected police conduct. This Article broadens the analytical frame. More specifically, the Article presents a theoretical model that articulates racialized police violence as a systemic and structural problem that cannot be solved by simply looking for and punishing “bad” police officers.
The effectiveness of global thresholding techniques in segmenting two-phase porous media

Abstract The effectiveness of five global thresholding techniques, to accurately segment different geomaterials, was evaluated in this work. X-ray CT images-taken from two-phase pervious concrete, glass bead, and silica sand specimens-were analyzed for evaluating five chosen methods. The core algorithms for these methods were coded using a Matlab programming language and packaged into a standalone application software. Three hundred and thirty-five image slices were provided for the pervious concrete specimen and the cropped size of this specimen was approximately 68 mm in diameter. The method proposed by Kapur et al. (1985) yielded the best results qualitatively and quantitatively (e = 0.28) to the laboratory and Image-Pro measured void ratios of 0.26 and 0.30, respectively. Eleven image slices were analyzed for a 10 mm in diameter glass bead specimen. Once again, the method proposed by Kapur et al. (1985) gave the best results with a void ratio of 0.91, as compared to the Image-Pro void ratio of 0.89. Ten image slices, with a cropped diameter of 4.48 mm, were used for the analysis of the silica sand specimen and the Otsu (1979) method was the most successful image segmentation technique, yielding a void ratio of 0.85 (Image-Pro e = 0.77). From the results, it can be said that, no single image segmentation technique performs well over a wide range of material and that the performance of each image segmentation technique varies depending on the type and state of the analyzed media.
Images of Little Cigars and Cigarillos on Instagram Identified by the Hashtag #swisher: Thematic Analysis

Background: Little cigar and cigarillo use is becoming more prevalent in the United States and elsewhere, with implications for public health. As little cigar and cigarillo use grows in popularity, big social media data (eg, Instagram, Google Web Search, Twitter) can be used to capture and document the context in which individuals use, and are marketed, these tobacco products. Big social media data may allow people to organically demonstrate how and why they use little cigars and cigarillos, unprimed by a researcher, without instrument bias and at low costs. Objective: This study characterized Swisher (the most popular brand of cigars in the United States, controlling over 75% of the market share) little cigar- and cigarillo-related posts on Instagram to inform the design of tobacco education campaigns and the development of future tobacco control efforts, and to demonstrate the utility in using big social media data in understanding health behaviors. Methods: We collected images from Instagram, an image-based social media app allowing users to capture, customize, and post photos on the Internet with over 400 million active users. Inclusion criteria for this study consisted of an Instagram post with the hashtag “#swisher”. We established rules for coding themes of images. Results: Of 1967 images collected, 486 (24.71%) were marijuana related, 348 (17.69%) were of tobacco products or promotional material, 324 (16.47%) showed individuals smoking, 225 (11.44%) were memes, and 584 (29.69%) were classified as other (eg, selfies, food, sexually explicit images). Of the marijuana-related images, 157/486 (32.3%) contained a Swisher wrapper, indicating that a Swisher product was used in blunt making, which involves hollowing out a cigar and refilling it with marijuana. Conclusions: Images from Instagram may be used to complement and extend the study of health behaviors including tobacco use. Images may be as valuable as, or more valuable than, words from other social media platforms alone. Posts on Instagram showing Swisher products, including blunt making, could add to the normalization of little cigar and cigarillo use and is an area of future research. Tobacco control researchers should design social media campaigns to combat smoking imagery found on popular sites such as Instagram. [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(7):e255]
Preparing Elementary School Teachers of Mathematics: A Continuing Challenge

This chapter analyzes the mathematical background and related program experiences of pre-service elementary education candidates (defined here as grade levels K–6) in the United States. The chapter includes an annotated review of selected international perspectives which have the potential to influence this topic [International perspective derived from recent international research and selected papers from ICME 13 TSG 47 (Hamburg Germany July 24–31, 2016)]. The analysis traces historical elements of elementary teacher preparation in the United States, considers the importance of mathematical knowledge for teaching at the elementary school level, current issues related to teacher accreditation in the U.S. and internationally, and the potential of elementary school mathematics specialists. It concludes by presenting current and emerging challenges related to elementary education programs, including supply and demand, program quality and the need for ongoing research, with particular attention to the impact of mathematical knowledge for teaching, elementary mathematics specialist models, and preparation provider impact and integrity.
Theta-gamma coupling: a nonlinear dynamical model

Cross-frequency coupling in the hippocampus has been hypothesized to support higher-cognition functions. While gamma modulation by theta is widely accepted, evidence of phase-coupling between the two frequency components is so far unconvincing. Our observations show that theta and gamma energy increases with rat speed, while the overall nonlinearity of the LFP trace also increases, suggesting that energy flow is fundamental for hippocampal dynamics. This contradicts current representations based on the Kuramoto phase model. Therefore, we propose a new approach, based on the three-wave equation, a universally-valid nonlinear-physics paradigm that synthesizes the effects of leading order, quadratic nonlinearity. The paradigm identifies bispectral analysis as the natural tool for investigating LFP cross-frequency coupling. Our results confirm the effectiveness of the approach by showing unambiguous coupling between theta and gamma. Bispectra features agree with predictions of the three-wave model, supporting the conclusion that cross-frequency coupling is a manifestation of nonlinear energy transfers.
6.08 – Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings: The Dynamics of Continental Breakup and Extension

The great variety of forms of continental extension zones, or rifts, may result from the interaction of a small number of processes. Observational and theoretical studies have helped constrain the relative importance of those processes. At the most basic level either mountain building or intrusion of basaltic magma is needed to heat and weaken the lithosphere enough to allow extension at reasonable tectonic force levels. Controversies persist over what controls the form of rifting, including what controls the dip angle of extensional faults; whether rifting is generally symmetric or asymmetric; and why some rifts are narrow and some are wide. Increasing evidence indicates that massive magmatic events coincide with most rifts. Both the genesis of pulses of mantle melting and the effect of magma on the lithosphere are not well understood. The fact that continents split to change the pattern of plate tectonics and produce economically important basins should keep interest high in deepening understanding of extensional processes.
The One Entry

Up until this time Mademoiselle Germain had not published a thing. Then there occurred a remarkable event that established her as an author. A German scholar, Chladni, came to Paris to repeat his intriguing experiments on the vibration of elastic plates. They caused a sensation. Napoleon, before whom they were performed, took a lively interest in them, regretted that they had not been subject to calculation, and, in order to facilitate this, proposed that the Institute offer a prix extraordinaire. Yet geometers were completely discouraged by a word from Lagrange, who said that the solution of this problem would require a new kind of analysis. Despite the imposing authority of this geometer of Turin, Mademoiselle Germain never despaired of success. She studied these phenomena in a thousand ways, applied analysis to them, and submitted a memoir in competition wherein she gave an equation for elastic surfaces.1
Rules for Computer Simplification of the Formulas in Operator Model Theory and Linear Systems

This article formulates and treats questions in operator theory arising from computer simplification of formulas commonly found in the study of operator models. Operator model theory originated with Moshe Livsic and subsequently became one of the main branches of operator theory. In studying a particular operator model polynomials in certain expressions occur repeatedly. This makes it a natural area for exploring computer algebra simplification.
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Oxygenated Form of the Hemocyanin Subunit II of Limulus Polyphemus at Atomic Resolution

Hemocyanins are large multisubunit proteins that transport molecular oxygen in a variety of invertebrates. Their properties have been reviewed in references 1 and 2. Arthropod hemocyanins are copper containing proteins that occur extracellularly and they are composed of multiples of six subunits. The oxygenated form of these proteins is characterized by absorption maxima at about 340 and 580 nm, while the deoxygenated form is colorless. A major interesting question that can be addressed after determining the structure of hemocyanin using single crystal x-ray diffraction methods is: How does the protein bind molecular oxygen?
Der Einsatz eines Computeralgebrasystems in der Lebensversicherungsmathematik

An Hand von Beispielen aus der Lebensversicherungsmathematik zeigen wir, da\ sich die dort auftretenden Fragestellungen in au\erordentlich einfacher Weise durch ein Computeralgebrasystem losen lassen. Zentraler Aspekt ist hierbei die FAhigkeit derartiger Systeme, Gleichungssysteme selbstAndig aufzulosen, so da\ es genugt, die Formeln des jeweiligen mathematischen Modells einzugeben.
A force augmenting exoskeleton for the human hand designed for pinching and grasping

Almost 1 million Americans suffer from debilitative disorders or injuries to the hand, which result in decreased grip strength and/or impaired ability to hold objects. The objective of this study was to design and test the functioning of a fivedigit exoskeleton for the human hand that augments pinching and grasping efforts. The exoskeleton digits and the wrist and forearm structure was computer designed and 3-D printed using ABS plastic, while the housing for the control system, motors, and batteries was constructed from laser-cut acrylic. The user’s finger movement efforts were monitored with force sensing resistors (FSR) located within the fingertips of the exoskeleton. A microcomputer-based control system monitored the FSRs and commanded linear actuators that augmented the wearer’s force production. The exoskeleton device was tested on six healthy individuals. Using the device for grasping efforts significantly decreased the muscle activity necessary to maintain a constant force $( \mathrm {p}<0.001)$; however, no significant benefit was identified during pinching efforts. In conclusion, a novel 5-digit exoskeleton was designed, and functional testing identified a significant benefit of using the device during grasping efforts.
Development of a Flexible Modular Multilevel Converter Test-Bed

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been widely adopted for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications and have been targeted for use in future dc grids as well. However, most of the MMC research is still limited to digital simulations or relied on hardware demonstrations with a specific setup and limited number of submodules (SMs). In this paper, a MMC test-bed with 10 SMs in each arm is developed that has flexible reconfiguration of the MMC topologies, switching frequencies, and passive element parameters. The MMC test-bed hardware construction, control scheme, and communication architecture are described, and typical MMC scenarios are conducted to verify its multiple functions.
The role of therapy productiveness on MFT clients’ intentions to persist in therapy

AbstractMany clients drop out of therapy before reaching their goals (Bohart & Wade, 2013), though being in therapy produces more change than not being in therapy (Lambert, 1992). To investigate th...
Correction of etaloning effects in ground-based hyperspectral image cubes of Jupiter

The New Mexico State University Acousto-optic Imaging Camera (NAIC) at the Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope is collecting narrowband hyperspectral image cubes of Jupiter from 470–950 nm during the perijove passes of the Juno spacecraft. For operations prior to 2018, the focal plane used for NAIC was a 1024×1024 pixel2 backside illuminated, high quantum efficiency CCD. However, the narrowband images show evidence of “fringing”, due to “optical etaloning.” For much of our collected data, a flat-field correction successfully removes the fringing from the science images. However, for some absorption features, especially in Jupiter's prominent CH4 bands at ∼890 nm, differences in the illumination spectrum of the flat-field source and Jupiter leave residual fringing in the images. Observation of the fringe pattern in the flat-field images as a function of wavelength suggested we could assume a thickness function with a single layer involving a single reflective surface. The thickness of the sensor has a “dish-shaped” variation as a function of pixel position in addition to finely spaced surface polishing marks. Using a mathematical interference (fringe) model, we were able to solve for the 2-D physical thickness function of the CCD at each pixel by minimizing the mean square error between the fringe model and the pixel spectral data. Synthetic fringe frames were created using the 2-D thickness function and scaled with best-correction contrast values. The flat-field and Jupiter images were corrected separately for fringing with division by the synthetic fringe frames. Fringe-corrected Jupiter frames are divided by fringe-corrected flat field frames to yield the final Jupiter science images, which show little evidence of etaloning.
cAMP Signaling Regulates DNA Demethylation by Augmenting the Intracellular Labile Ferrous Iron Pool

It is widely accepted that cAMP regulates gene transcription principally by activating the protein kinase A (PKA)-targeted transcription factors. Here, we show that cAMP enhances the generation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in multiple cell types. 5hmC is converted from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases, for which Fe(II) is an essential cofactor. The promotion of 5hmC was mediated by a prompt increase of the intracellular labile Fe(II) pool (LIP). cAMP enhanced the acidification of endosomes for Fe(II) release to the LIP likely through RapGEF2. The effect of cAMP on Fe(II) and 5hmC was confirmed by adenylate cyclase activators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and most notably by stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The transcriptomic changes caused by cAMP occurred in concert with 5hmC elevation in differentially transcribed genes. Collectively, these data show a previously unrecognized regulation of gene transcription by GPCR-cAMP signaling through augmentation of the intracellular labile Fe(II) pool and DNA demethylation.
P209 Culinary Medicine Program Improves Physician Resident's Nutrition Knowledge and Communication Skills

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a culinary medicine interactive class for physician residents. Use of Theory or Research Translating current nutritional guidelines into practical advice for patients is imperative in healthcare. However, 71% of the medical schools across the country do not provide the suggested benchmark of 25 hours of nutrition education suggested by the National Academy of Sciences. Target Audience Physician residents, MD's who have completed and received their medical degree requirements and are in the University of Central Florida residency program, were participants in a culinary medicine session that they were asked to evaluate for efficacy. Program Description In an effort to improve the quality and quantity of nutrition education for physicians, a graduate medical education half day was set aside for a culinary medicine session. In phase I of the session, participants were asked to read peer reviewed nutrition research articles available on-line. Phase II consisted of case studies and a discussion of resident physicians’ confidence in their nutrition knowledge and communication skills. Phase III was a culinary session where participants and were given ingredients to prepare a healthy meal and then asked to make a presentation with nutrition recommendations to the group. Evaluation Methods The physician residents were asked to answer pre- and post surveys asking their opinion on the efficacy of the program. Results On the pre-session survey, 76% of physician residents reported they would like to have additional nutrition education. On the post-survey, participant's reported the culinary medicine session did improve their nutrition knowledge and communication skills. Conclusions This program evaluation gives evidence suggesting culinary medicine sessions for physician residents can provide additional training in nutrition and the opportunity to explore ways to translate important nutrition guidelines to patients. Funding None.
Chronic systemic symptoms in cancer patients

Abstract Late systemic symptoms in cancer patients are common, severe, and often underreported. Chronic systemic symptoms tend to present in clusters and may include fatigue, weight changes, behavioral and mood disorders, insomnia, thermal dysregulation, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this chapter is to characterize chronic system symptoms in cancer survivors and to provide a general overview of the possible therapeutic options available.
Heroin Adulterated with the Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid, 5F-MDMB-PINACA: A Case Series.

Author(s): Ershad, Muhammed; Dela Cruz, Maricel; Mostafa, Ahmed; Khalid, Muhammad M.; Arnold, Ryan; Hamilton, Richard | Abstract: Introduction: Heroin can be adulterated with various substances that may or may not have pharmacological effects. Here we report a case series of 8 patients who presented to the emergency department after overdose with intravenous heroin preparation adulterated with the synthetic cannabinoid methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PINACA).Case Series: Except for one patient, all of them presented with a typical initial opioid toxidrome consisting of central nervous system and respiratory depression along with pinpoint pupils. Naloxone was given to them, triggering severe agitation and combative behavior along with overlapping features of anticholinergic and sympathomimetic toxidrome. All patients required multiple doses of benzodiazepines. Three were successfully treated with physostigmine.Discussion: 5F-MDMB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid that was added to heroin in samples obtained from patients reported in this case series. Patients demonstrated significant agitation after receiving naloxone for opioid toxidrome, presumably because of the removal of the depressant effect of opioids, which unmasked the excitatory effects of the synthetic cannabinoids. Three patients required physostigmine along with the benzodiazepines for control of their agitation, urine retention and abnormal vitals, suggesting the possibility of an anticholinergic toxidrome to have developed in these patients.Conclusion: Heroin contaminated with 5F-MDMB-PINACA exhibits variable severities of anticholinergic effects, some on presentation and others only after opiate antagonism.
Nuclear Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: It's a Complex Situation.

Wnt signaling is an evolutionarily conserved metazoan cell communication pathway required for proper animal development. Of the myriad of signaling events that have been ascribed to cellular activation by Wnt ligands, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been the most studied and best understood. Misregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in developmental defects in the embryo and major diseases in the adult. Despite the latter, no drugs that inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been approved by the FDA. In this review, we explore the least understood step in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway—nuclear regulation of Wnt target gene transcription. We initially describe our current understanding of the importation of β-catenin into the nucleus. We then focus on the mechanism of action of the major nuclear proteins implicated in driving gene transcription. Finally, we explore the concept of a nuclear Wnt enhanceosome and propose a modified model that describes the necessary components for the transcription of Wnt target genes.
Outcomes of Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Consolidation in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Mayo Clinic Experience

ABSTRACT A paucity of randomized phase III clinical trials in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has resulted in no uniform consensus on the optimal strategy for consolidation and conditioning regimens for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). The past 2 decades have witnessed a preference for thiotepa (TT)-based conditioning regimens due to superior central nervous system penetration. We retrospectively evaluated outcomes of patients with PCNSL who underwent ASCT at Mayo Clinic, Rochester over the past 2 decades, and the impact of TT-based conditioning regimens. Fifty-six patients underwent transplant for PCNSL, with 25 and 31 patients receiving BEAM (non-thiotepa) and carmustine (BCNU)/TT-based conditioning, respectively. All patients received high-dose methotrexate-based induction therapy. While the BCNU/TT group had higher risk disease features such as high International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group prognostic score, elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein, and older patient population, there was no significant difference at 2 years post-transplant in progression-free survival (BEAM 68.0% [46.1% to 82.5%] versus BCNU/TT, 65.5% [45.2% to 79.8%], P = .99) or overall survival (OS) (84.0% [62.8% to 93.7%] in the BEAM group versus 81.6% [61.3% to 91.9%] in the BCNU/TT group, P = .95). Disease response status before transplant significantly affected the outcomes as those in complete remission had an OS at 2 years post-transplant of 94.7% (68.1% to 99.2%) in the BEAM group and 90.5% (67.0% to 97.5%) in the BCNU/TT group compared with those in partial response, 57.1% (17.2% to 83.7%) in BCNU/TT group and 50.0% (11.1% to 80.4%) in the BEAM group, respectively (P
Under-FET Thermal Sensor Enabling Smart Full-Chip Run-Time Thermal Management

This article reports design, fabrication and analysis of a novel under-transistor (under-FET) in-hole thermal sensor diode structure. Being able to accurately monitor self-heating of individual transistor in-operando, the under-FET temperature sensor enables smart full-chip run-time thermal management with spatial resolution down to single transistor level. The in-hole thermal sensors were fabricated in a CMOS process and validated in measurements. The new chip level thermal management technique was demonstrated using a prototype power amplifier (PA) IC designed in a foundry 40nm CMOS. It opens a door for self-learning based full-chip real-time intelligent thermal management for future ICs.
Clinical Coaching Cards: A Game of Active Learning Theory and Teaching Techniques.

Introduction Clinical Coaching Cards is a serious game for faculty development in which players take turns as Teacher and Coach to apply teaching techniques on game cards to identify new approaches...
Engaging High School Students in a University-Led Summer Anatomy Camp to Promote STEM Majors and Careers

University-led K-12 outreach programs are designed to expose students to a variety of fields and career choices, but the benefits and outcomes of these have not been well documented. Existing programs often range from short presentations to more extensive residential summer programs. Nationally, there are only a few university-led high school human anatomy camps, with no current publications focusing on a formal evaluation of their goals. Described herein is a week-long human anatomy summer camp at Colorado State University (CSU) designed to inspire high school students to attend college and attract them to STEM majors and careers. The camp schedule includes lectures presented by CSU’s faculty, hands-on activities including learn from human cadavers and animal organs, as well as mentorship opportunities. Success of the program is measured by qualitative feedback and a follow-up survey to measure if the goals of the camp were well received. The data shows that all 28 of the senior high school students who attended camp have applied to college and are considering a STEM career after college. Camp counselors have reported continued mentor/mentee relationships with the students after camp.
A Novel Stochastic Economic Dispatch Method Considering Renewable Energy Correlation and Demand Response

With the gradual increase of renewable energy scale in modern power system, the pressure of renewable energy consumption, such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, is growing continuously, due to the randomness of renewable energy outputs. Meanwhile, complex nonlinear correlations between renewable energy outputs can also influence the economic dispatch of power system and these correlations should be accurately described. Demand response, as a power balance adjustment method, has obvious effects in promoting the consumption of renewable energy and ensuring the safety and economics of power system operation, especially under power market conditions. This paper proposes a novel stochastic economic dispatch method considering demand response, and Monte Carlo method based on M-Copula theory is adopted to deal with the complex nonlinear correlation between renewable energy outputs, which can avoid the limitations of each single Copula function to great extend and achieve further accuracy of economic dispatch results. The necessity and effectiveness of proposed method can be proved by the case studies.