cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of MDM2 stabilizes p53 by inhibiting p53 ubiquitination in response to specific alkylating agents

p53 is stabilized in response to DNA damaging stress. This stabilization is thought to result from phosphorylation in the N-terminus of p53, which inhibits p53:MDM2 binding, and prevents MDM2 from promoting p53 ubiquitination. In this report, the DNA alkylating agents mitomycin C (MMC) and methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), as well as UV radiation, stabilized p53 in a manner independent of phosphorylation in p53 N-terminus. This stabilization coincided with decreased levels of MDM2 mRNA and protein, and a corresponding decrease in p53 ubiquitination. Importantly, MDM2 overexpression inhibited the stabilization of p53 and decrease in ubiquitination following MMC, MMS, and UV treatment. This indicates that downregulation of MDM2 contributes to the stabilization of p53 in response to these agents.
Public health aspects of animal tumor viruses

Abstract Some believe animal tumor viruses are frequently involved in our public health, however, over 100 animal tumor viruses have been isolated and only one (Yaba Tumor Virus) has minor public significance: FeLV is highly contagious in cats and some have recommended FeLV infected cats be euthanized because of “possible” public health importance. When all evidence bearing on possible public health relationship is assembled, it is clear that most evidence indicates no likelihood of association between FeLV and any human disease.
Location of the origin-terminus of the viral strand of the duplex replicative form of bacteriophage G4 DNA.

Abstract One of the products of bacteriophage G4 DNA replication late in the infectious process is an open-circular, duplex replicative form DNA, RFII. These molecules contain a single discontinuity located at a specific site in the viral strand. Limited enzymatic repair of such RFII molecules with 32 P-labeled deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates specifically labels restriction fragments Hpa II A, Hae III Z 2 , Hin d(II and III) A and Hin d(II and III) D 2 and places the 3′OH terminus of the viral strand at a point approximately half-way round the genome from the single Eco RI site. These results taken together with the in vitro localization of the origin of the complementary strand at a point close to the Eco RI site (Zechel et al. , 1975) suggest that G4 replicates by a mechanism involving distinct and widely separated origins of the individual strands (e.g., a displacement-loop mechanism).
Absorption Spectra and Geometries of ArN+ (N = 30−60)†

We report finite temperature simulations of (N = 30−60) using a semiempirical model Hamiltonian. We calculate the photoabsorption spectra and analyze the charge distribution in both ground and excited states. The maximum photoabsorption wavelength for this set of clusters is in good agreement with experimental data. We analyze the average position of the atoms and the finite temperature distribution of the positive charge over the cluster. We find the charge localized on three atoms in the ground state and over the first two solvation spheres in the excited states. The extent of delocalization in the excited states can be correlated with the shift in the maximum photoabsorption wavelength.
The fan-beam short-scan FBP algorithm is not exact

The fan-beam short-scan filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm is popular in the computed tomography (CT) industry and in clinical applications. This paper points out that the fan-beam short-scan FBP algorithm is not exact, even in an ideal noiseless situation. The error depends on the focal length of the imaging geometry. When the focal length is long enough, the error is small and can therefore be ignored.
ESR spectra of cobaltocene in rare gas matrices

Abstract Cobaltocene has been isolated in neon, argon and krypton matrices and studied by ESR at 4.2°K. Since spin-orbit coupling is largely quenched by dynamic Jahn-Teller coupling in the orbitally degenerate 2 E 1g ground state of cobaltocene, the magnetic parameters ( g tensor, 59 Co hyperfine tensor) are extremely sensitive to the environment. The present ESR data together with the results of an earlier study lead to the conclusion that the orthorhombic splitting parameter δ (measuring the deviation from exact five-fold symmetry) increases in the host series ruthenocene ≈ nickelocene −1 to ≈ 350 cm −1 , while the bonding parameters and the vibronic coupling strength do not depend on the host system to a great extent.
Determination of paclitaxel and related taxanes in bulk drug and injectable dosage forms by reversed phase liquid chromatography

Baseline separation of 15 taxanes including paclitaxel (Taxol) was achieved on pentafluorophenyl (PFP) HPLC columns. Methods using aqueous acetonitrile gradients on each of two commercial PFP columns were developed that are suitable for the determination of potency, content uniformity, and degradation profile of the paclitaxel bulk drug and injectable dosage form. The elution order is apparently related to molecular size, the number of acetylated hydroxyl groups, and the substitution of a xylosyl group at the 7-position. The resolution of several of the taxanes is a sensitive function of the starting eluent composition and the programming rate, which requires optimization of the methods on both columns. Retention of 10 of the taxanes was studied over the temperature range from 30 to 70 degrees C, and enthalpies of transfer, delta H degree, were determined. Conversion of a hydroxy group to an acetyl group, which can interact more strongly with the fluorines on the PFP, has a large effect on the delta H degree, as does the addition of a xylosyl derivative to the 7-hydroxy. The methods developed for the injectable drug form allow good resolution of the taxanes from the excipient Cremophor EL, a polyethoxylated castor oil used with ethanol to solubilize the paclitaxel. The methods for the bulk drug were fully validated in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity including forced degradation, limits of detection and quantitation, and linearity and range.
Analysis of relaxation times on the human head using the thermal wave model

Abstract Cellular phones and bluetooth devices have become essential electronic devices for many people in today’s society. However, these devices emit low radio frequencies that may be harmful to both the skin and brain tissue. The thermal wave model is used to predict an unsteady temperature distribution of microwaves as it transmits through the human head. A time dependent finite difference method models a multilayer system depicting this external heat source passing through three mediums: skin, bone, and brain. This model accounts for the heat generated within the body from the chemical reactions of the tissue and a relaxation time in order to account for the response time the tissue takes caused by the perturbation. Previous human head studies took these values to be negligible. Parameters of the head for both the adult and child are shown. Various parameters, including frequency, power density, and relaxation time were varied. It was shown that the relaxation parameters was important; however, changing other variables such as frequency and power density within a certain range are ineffective. This manuscript is aimed to identify the potential threats on the human body caused by the everyday use of today’s technologies such as cellular phones and bluetooth devices.
Science heads east

The coming decade will see China overtake the US as the world's research superpower. What does that mean for science, asks Jonathan Adams
Optimizing screening for osteoporosis in patients with fragility hip fracture.

Background Osteoporosis, the underlying cause of most hip fractures, is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The 2008 Joint Commission report Improving and Measuring Osteoporosis Management showed only an average of 20% of patients with low-impact fracture are ever tested or treated for osteoporosis. We developed an integrated model utilizing hospitalists and orthopaedic surgeons to improve care of osteoporosis in patients with hip fracture.
VIDEOKERATOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES IN A FAMILY WITH POSTERIOR POLYMORPHOUS DYSTROPHY

Purpose To describe a unique videokeratographic pattern in one family with the vesicular form of posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPD). Methods Descriptive case series of five patients with PPD including keratometry, videokeratography, axial length, and pachymetry. Results All affected family members with PPD demonstrated videokeratographic steep corneas with keratometry greater than three standard deviations over reported mean. Conclusions Videokeratographic corneal steepening appears to be associated with PPD in one family with the autosomal dominant vesicular form of disease.
Distinct mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes with opposing roles in cell‐cycle control

The mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is becoming increasingly recognized for its role in tumor suppression, based on its ability to regulate accessibility of proliferation-associated genes to transcription factors. However, understanding the biological role of the complex is complicated because the same complex seemingly plays both positive and negative roles in gene expression. Work described here reveals that a choice between two independently encoded, closely related variants of a major subunit of the ARID protein family determines whether the SWI/SNF complex forms further associations with activator versus repressor complexes. The choice distinguishes assemblies with opposite effects on cell-cycle activity. The specific complexes control access of factors such as E2F1, Tip60, and HDAC1/2/3 to the promoters of various cell-cycle-specific genes, with c-Myc emerging as a particularly critical target.
Coalinga Fibre: A Short-Fibre, Amphibole-Free Chrysotile: Part 4: Further Evidence for a Lack of Fibrogenic and Tumorigenic Activity

Coalinga chrysotile is a short-fibre, amphibole-free as bestos from California. It is prototypic of many other short-fibre chrysotiles found elsewhere in the world. Since short-fibre chrysotile is ...
Reversibility of the differentiated state in somatic cells

Analysis of de novo gene activation in multinucleated heterokaryons has shown that the differentiated state, although stable, is not irreversible, and can be reprogrammed in the presence of appropriate combinations of trans-acting regulatory molecules. These properties have been exploited to design strategies for identifying novel regulators of cellular differentiation.
The Relationship of State Medicaid Coverage to Medicaid Acceptance Among Substance Abuse Providers in the United States

The Affordable Care Act will dramatically increase the number of Americans with Medicaid coverage for substance abuse treatment (SAT). Currently, few SAT providers accept Medicaid, and consequently, there is concern that newly-eligible Medicaid enrollees will have difficulty finding SAT providers willing to serve them. However, little is known about why few SAT providers accept Medicaid. In response, this study examines how features of state Medicaid coverage for SAT, including benefits, eligibility, and oversight, are associated with Medicaid acceptance among SAT providers. Medicaid acceptance was positively associated with the number of SAT services covered, and the number of optional categorical expansions implemented by the state. Requirements for physician involvement were associated with lower odds of acceptance. The results suggest that more generous Medicaid coverage may encourage SAT providers to accept Medicaid, but regulatory policies may inhibit their ability to do so.
Morphologic Alterations of Epidermal Melanocytes and Melanosomes in PUVA Lentigines: A Comparative Ultrastructural Investigation of Lentigines Induced by PUVA and Sunlight

Ultrastructural studies were conducted in order to determine morphologic and functional differences in melanocytes and melanosomes in PUVA lentigines and solar lentigines, and light-protected buttock skin. Compared to melanocytes in solar lentigines from 7 subjects and light-protected buttock skin from 5 subjects (none of these subjects had received UV radiation therapy), melanocytes in PUVA lentigines from 6 subjects generally had longer and more numerous dendrites, and showed more active melanogenesis. Basal keratinocytes in PUVA lentigines had a significantly increased frequency of large, single melanosomes, and revealed significantly larger individual melanosomes within compound melanosomes. Other findings in some PUVA lentigines included the close apposition of Langerhans cells to melanocytes, and atypical nuclear, cytoplasmic, and melanosomal alterations, including melanosomal pleomorphism and melanin macroglobules. The presence of relatively large and predominantly single melanosomes in basal keratinocytes of PUVA lentigines suggests more active melanogenesis and/or an irreversible somatic alteration. It will be important to determine the clinical course and ultrastructural findings of PUVA lentigines that persist long after PUVA is discontinued.
Impact of Antistrip Additives on Pavement Performance Using Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide

AbstractA comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the impact of liquid and lime additives on the pavement performance of asphalt mixtures from five different sources around the United States. Three types of mixtures were evaluated from each source: untreated, liquid-treated, and lime-treated. The measured properties of the 15 mixtures included the dynamic modulus and their resistance to rutting and fatigue at the undamaged and moisture-damaged conditions. The measured performance properties of the mixtures were then used to conduct 20 years’ worth of structural designs for actual projects selected from the five sources of mixtures. For each project, a total of three structural designs were established using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide by changing the type of mix used in the hot mix asphalt (HMA) layer. The percent cost savings or additional costs were estimated relative to the cost of the HMA pavement with the untreated HMA mixtures. Overall, the use of lime additives in HMA mixt...
Every 7-regular digraph contains an even cycle

Abstract We show that every 7-regular digraph contains an even cycle. Furthermore, we give a closed formula for the maximum degree of a regular subdigraph of a given digraph.
Antennal sexual dimorphism in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Le Conte) (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae): Male specific structures, ultrastructure of a unique sensillum, and sites of esterase activity

Abstract Morphological and histochemical studies were performed on the flagellar antennal segments of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera : Chrysomclidae). The work was part of a program to investigate the biological significance of a soluble esterase (Est-a) found only in the antennae. Est-a was known to be produced initially it the distal flagellar segments and age-related increases in concentration have been recorded in male beetles in comparison to females. The ventral surface of the 5 distal segments of male antennae possess a field of raised, smooth cuticle having pit-like depressions. The pits contain unusual cup-shaped sensilla abundantly supplied with pore tubules, typical of those associated with olfactory processes in other species. The epicuticle of the cur) sensilla is thin but lacks the pores commonly found in olfactory sensilla. The duct of at least one dermal gland opens into each pit. When sectioned antennae were stained fcr general esterase activity, it was the cells of the dermal glands that stained positive. The pit fields are unique to males. However, cup sensilla and dermal glands with esterase activity are present on female antennae and at sites outside the pit fields on male antennae. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the observed sensillum type functions in olfaction. The sensilla and associated glands in the pit fields of males may be involved in detection of the female-produced sex pheromone, 8-methyl-2-decyl propanoate.
Epizoic Organisms on Turtles in Pool 20 of the Upper Mississippi River

ABSTRACT Turtles were collected from three habitats in the upper reach of Pool 20, Mississippi River-open river, slough, and backwater. One hundred thirty-nine turtles of six species were examined for epizoites, but only red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta), common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), painted turtle (Chrysemys scripta), and softshelled turtles (Apolone spp.) were collected in sufficient numbers for data analysis. Five epizoites were attached directly to turtles, including three leech species of the genus Placobdella, algae of the genus Basicladia, and the protozoan Vorticella sp. All hard shelled turtle species carried all five epozoites, but softshelled species carried only Placobdella multilineata, P. ornata, and Vorticella sp. The highest infestation rates occurred on snapping turtles with 94% leeches, 94% algae, and 48% Vorticella sp. The lowest rates for each group of epizoites were for the painted turtle with 26% leeches and softshelled turtles with 0% algae and 5% Vorticella sp. ...
Martial Gods and Magic Swords: Identity, Myth, and Violence in Chinese Popular Religion

L'A. estime que la religion chinoise est tres ritualisee et que dans les formes symboliques qu'elle met en scene interviennent frequemment une gestuelle martiale qui prend sa source dans le passe imperial et d'ou transparait une certain violence. Il s'efforce de comprendre les raisons de la survie de ces rites. Dans ce but il etudie, d'une part, la logique de la culture chinoise et, d'autre part, la dynamique des processus d'identification subjective et sociale des individus. Il presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees a Taiwan entre 1988 et 1991 aupres de la population Han. Il examine leurs manifestations culturelles et identifie les elements symboliques lies a la representation, a la personnification du pouvoir martial
250 Robotic Pancreatic Resections: Safety and Feasibility

Background and Objectives:Computer-assisted robotic surgery allows complex resections and anastomotic reconstructions to be performed with nearly identical standards to open surgery. We applied this technology to a variety of pancreatic resections to assess the safety, feasibility, versatility, and
Parallel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and Src-dependent pathways lead to CXCL8-mediated Rac2 activation and chemotaxis.

The requirement for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the establishment of cell polarity and motility in a number of cell types has recently come into question. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K by wortmannin in neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 cells expressing CXCR2 resulted in reduced cell motility but normal chemotaxis in response to a gradient of CXCL8. However, wortmannin inhibition of PI3K did impair the ability of cells to re-orient their polarity and respond quickly to a change in the direction of the CXCL8 gradient. We hypothesized that Src-regulated ELMO-Dock2-Rac2 activation mediates chemotaxis in the absence of PI3K activity. Inhibition of Src with the small molecule inhibitor, PP2, or inhibition of Dock2 by shRNA knockdown confirmed the functional role of Src and Dock2 in regulating chemotaxis when PI3K was inhibited. Moreover, neutrophils isolated from bone marrow of hck-/-fgr-/-lyn-/- mice exhibited much more severe inhibition of chemotaxis when PI3K was blocked with wortmannin as compared with neutrophils isolated from bone marrow of wild-type mice. Thus, PI3K and Src-ELMO-Dock2 pathways work in parallel to activate Rac2 and modulate chemotaxis in response to a CXCL8 gradient in neutrophils.
The effects of a central incentive-motivational state on measures of job satisfaction

Abstract A central incentive-motivational state has been proposed as an internal construct which becomes conditioned to incentive-motivational stimuli in a work environment and influences a wide variety of responses, including self-report measures of satisfaction. Using three financial reward manipulations, 135 undergraduates performed a simple repetitive task and were either (a) rewarded, (b) nonrewarded, or (c) their rewards were unknown at the time they were asked to complete a set of semantic differential scales. Rewarded Ss reported not only greater satisfaction with pay and general affective tone than nonrewarded Ss but also reported greater satisfaction with fellow workers, the supervisor, and the task. The postulate that a central incentive-motivational state can be conditioned by an organizational reinforcer and subsequently influence attitudes regarding various other organizational stimuli was generally substantiated, especially for stimuli associated with affective feeling regarding a responsible reinforcing stimulus.
Effects of low frequency magnetic fields on Na,K-ATPase activity

Abstract Membrane Na,K-ATPase activity is affected in opposite ways by electric and magnetic fields. Under optimal conditions, enzyme activity is inhibited by electric fields and stimulated by magnetic fields. However, both fields cause large increases in enzyme activity when the initial (basal) activity of the enzyme is reduced greatly by aging, by lowering the temperature, or by inhibitors. With the enzyme under basal conditions, magnetic fields (in the range 0–70 Hz and 0–2 G) increase Na,K-ATPase activity 5–10%, with little dependence on field intensity. The optimal frequency in the range studied, around 60 Hz, is very close to the measured enzyme rate at 37 °C, suggesting that the magnetic field affects the ATPase reaction. The effect of an electric field is similar to an increase in binding of activating ions on the enzyme surface. Ion activation would also account for the observed frequency dependence of the electric field effect, as well as the difference between optimal frequencies for ion pump influx and efflux. Although effects of magnetic fields vary with enzyme activity, they cannot act through increases in ion binding, because the effects are in the opposite direction. Magnetic fields probably influence charge flow within the enzyme during the reaction.
Isolated Bone Marrow Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Clinicopathologic Study

Background Isolated bone marrow non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is rare, and determining the diagnosis is difficult. Patients We describe four patients with apparent isolated bone marrow NHL. The features they had in common included fever, abnormal liver function, pancytopenia, polyserositis, neurologic symptoms, opportunistic infections, and a short, fatal course. Findings Routine cytologic and histologic studies showed intermediate and large lymphomatous cells in the bone marrow, with a predominantly interstitial pattern. Immunophenotyping revealed three cases of T-cell and one case of B-cell NHL. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated an abnormal clone in two patients. Conclusion The diagnosis of isolated bone marrow NHL should be based on the examination of both bone marrow aspirates and biopsy specimens.
Tree species growth under a rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) plantation: native restoration via enrichment planting in southern Bahia, Brazil

Enrichment planting is a technique that is gaining recognition for its potential to restore native forests. Due to the steep economic trade-offs involved and dearth of silvicultural and ecological knowledge about native flora, however, it remains unclear whether it has promise for widespread application. Focusing on growth performance, this study explores the restoration potential of twenty-one native tree species 3 years after planting in the understory of a rubber plantation in southern Bahia, Brazil. We tested the effects of slope, aspect, successional guild and basal area of the overstory rubber trees on the enriched species’ height, root collar diameter, and diameter at breast height. Height was the growth parameter that most differentiated species, with Parkia pendula, Sloanea monosperma, and Tachigali densiflora being three of the most successful species. Pioneer species grew faster than the non-pioneer species. Overstory basal area was the most important variable influencing the performance of the planted tree seedlings, while aspect and slope were less important. For every additional unit of basal area per hectare of rubber, there was an incremental decrease in the growth rates of the enrichment species. This suggests that the tree species are likely limited by available light, and that there are distinct trade-offs between overstory rubber density and understory tree species growth that are important to consider when accelerating forest recovery by using enrichment planting techniques.
The problem with upward mobility.

In psoriasis, expression of the α1β1 integrin is necessary for T cells to enter the epidermis to cause inflammation and psoriatic lesions (pages 836–842).
Platelet Hyperfunction in Dogs With Malignancies

In vitro platelet aggregometry was performed on whole blood samples from 59 dogs with malignancies and 24 control dogs. Three reagents were used for the aggregation studies: collagen, arachidonic acid, and adenosine diphos-phate (ADP). The parameters measured to evaluate response to collagen included delay in the aggregation response, slope of the aggregation curve, maximum aggregation, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion. The platelets of dogs with malignancies exhibited significantly (P < .05) shorter delays in the aggregation response, higher maximum aggregation, and higher ATP secretion when compared to control dogs. For the weaker reagents, ADP and arachidonic acid, the lowest concentration resulting in aggregation was determined. Platelets of dogs with malignancies tended to aggregate in response to lower concentrations of ADP than did those of controls (P < .05). The response of platelets to the concentrations of arachidonic acid employed in this study was poor, with few samples achieving measurable aggregation. The findings of this study suggest that dogs with malignancies have hyperaggregable platelets.
Evaluation of low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance in analytical chemistry

Abstract An evaluation of low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance has been completed and the possibility of enhanced quantitative lower limits of detection is discussed. By lowering the temperature of the cavity, the Q -factor is considerably increased producing a more efficient system. Also, the relaxation time is optimized by decreasing the temperature of the sample. Different temperatures for each system produced a maximum signal owing to a combination of these two factors. Thus, in order to improve the lower limits of detection for these metal ions, the analytical curves were run at the optimum temperature for each system. These data are compared to the data obtained at room temperature. Also, the instrumental parameter effects have been evaluated. The metal ions investigated are copper(II), manganese (II), titanium(III), vanadium(IV), chromium (III), gadolinium(III), and iron(III).
Strong-Field Atomic Physics in the X-ray Regime

In 1999 the DOE Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee defined an innovative scientific direction for the new millennium. In the report the panel recognized the scientific opportunity posed by accelerator-based and tabletop sources of short wavelength radiation. The report emphasized that revolutionary science would be enabled by source parameters that include “high degree of coherence, pulse brevity and high pulsed energy” while pushing the frontiers towards the hard x-ray regime. The panel recommended strategic investment in a new light source, which marked the genesis of the world’s first x-ray free-electron laser project. This chapter reports on some of the initial atomic physics experiments conducted at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC and addresses the question as to limits of validity of perturbation theory in describing an intense x-ray pulse interacting with matter.
Variation in nitrogen fixation among populations ofFrankia sp. andCeanothus sp. in actinorhizal association

Wildland shrub improvement is needed for sound range and disturbed land revegetation practice. The possibility of selecting superior N2-fixingFrankia-Ceanothus spp. actinorhizal associations was examined. Greenhouse tests were used to expose various soil-borne microsymbiont andCeanothus sp. population accessions in reciprocal combination. The acetylene reduction rate was used as a measure of N2-fixation capacity. There was no significant interaction between host and microsymbiont regardless of source for all variables measured. The acetylene reduction rate, nodule number and mass, plant biomass, and root: shoot ratio were significantly different among soil sources. The acetylene reduction rate was not significantly different amongCeanothus sp. accessions. Neither was it strongly correlated with other variables. It was concluded that the N2-fixation rate is more a function ofFrankia sp. than the hostCeanothus sp. in actinorhizal associations. It appears possible to select soil sources with superior N2-fixing microsymbiont populations.
The New Copyright Act, or How to Get into a Heap of Trouble Without Really Trying

On January 1st, 1978, a new Copyright Act will go into effect. It is the first revision of copyright law since 1909. Copyright is perhaps the oldest public policy extant in America. Indeed, its origins can be traced back to colonial times prior to the adoption of the Constitution in 1787. By that year, only Delaware of the original thirteen colonies had failed to establish its own copyright law. When the Constitution was adopted, Article 1, Section 8 (which likely was penned by James Madison, a person with substantial intellectual interests), stated that “Congress shall have the Power to Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts, by securing for Limited Times to Authors and Inventors the Exclusive Right to their respective Writings and their Discoveries.” In 1790, Congress passed the first national Copyright Act.
The Ear and the Shunting Yard: Meaning Making as Resonance in Early Information Theory

Our cultural institutions host large collections of audio recordings comprising important cultural artifacts. Some of these recordings date back to the nineteenth century and up to the present day. These recordings include music but also poetry readings, field recordings, and presidential speeches and phone calls, as well as the only recordings of languages, oral traditions, and voices that we no longer remember. We have dedicated significant resources to digitizing these collections, yet, even digitized, these artifacts are only marginally accessible for listening and almost completely inaccessible for new forms of access and scholarship. In order to discover convergences in seemingly divergent theories that may guide how we build information infrastructure around our sound heritage, this article considers how early information theory, much of which was crafted within the context of developing communication and sound technologies, can provide a framework for thinking through how to build an information i...
Hypertension medication use and adherence among adults with developmental disability.

Abstract Background/objective Adults with developmental disability (DD) have high prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors, as well as impediments to optimal diagnosis and management. We analyzed antihypertensive medication (AM) use and adherence patterns in a Kansas Medicaid cohort. Methods We studied adults (18–64 years) with DD and claims for HT from 7/1/05 to 8/31/06, with review of prescription records of AM use and adherence from 9/1/06 to 8/31/07. Adherence was calculated as proportion of days covered (PDC). Results Of 3079 eligible people, 280 (9%) had claims for HT: 51% male, mean age 42 ± 13, and 81% Caucasian. Of these, 280 (72%) had claims for at least 1 AM; 57% received ≥2 AM. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers were most commonly prescribed (65%) followed by diuretics (50%), beta blockers (34%), and calcium channel blockers (26%). Mean PDCs by class ranged from 0.622 to 0.693: 55% had a PDC ≥0.80, a common goal for adherence. Younger individuals were more likely to be adherent (p Conclusions Of our cohort of adults with DD, 9% had HT of whom 72% submitted claims for AMs. A substantial proportion of subjects had inconsistent AM use suggesting suboptimal therapy. The association between younger ages and higher adherence may reflect better community-based support for younger adults. Further work is needed to identify barriers to optimal care for this vulnerable population.
Two notes on homogeneous prime ideals in graded Noetherian rings

Abstract The main results in this paper give: (1) a characterization for when there exist infinitely many homogeneous prime ideals p between two given homogeneous prime ideals P⊂Q such that ht(Q/P)=2 in a Z -graded Noetherian ring; and (2) a characterization of when a given homogeneous prime ideal Q in an arbitrary Noetherian Rees ring contains infinitely many homogeneous prime ideals p such that ht(p)=ht(Q)−1.
Simulations of Persistent North Pacific Circulation Anomalies and Interhemispheric Teleconnections

Abstract Evidence is presented from a composite analysis of a 14-year general circulation model simulation, that persistent North Pacific (PNP) circulation anomalies during boreal winter are part of a larger-scale meridional development extending into the Tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. Lagged composites suggest that the development is initiated over the tropical Pacific by anomalous convection (characterized by an east-west dipole structure centered at the date line) one to two weeks prior to the extratropical onset time. Relatively weak wave trains. extending from the region of anomalous convection into the extratropics, appear to set the stage for the subsequent rapid development of the PNP anomalies. After onset, the PNP anomalies extend into the Tropics and enhance moisture transports that tend to supply moisture to, and thus reinforce, the associated tropical precipitation anomalies. The mature stage is characterized by a strong coupling between hemispheres, including twin low-level cyclonic (a...
Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Properties of Monodispersed Macroporous Particles of Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) Prepared by a Multi-Step Swelling and Polymerization Method

Abstract Monodispersed macroporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) particles in a 5-6 μm size range were prepared by a multi-step swelling and polymerization method with toluene as the porogenic solvent, and their properties were examined. The particles were found to possess relatively broad pore size distributions. HPLC columns packed with the monodispersed particles show good efficiencies and low column pressure drops in a reversed-phase chromatographic mode.
Multirobot autonomous landmine detection using distributed multisensor information aggregation

We consider the problem of distributed sensor information fusion by multiple autonomous robots within the context of landmine detection. We assume that different landmines can be composed of different types of material and robots are equipped with different types of sensors, while each robot has only one type of landmine detection sensor on it. We introduce a novel technique that uses a market-based information aggregation mechanism called a prediction market. Each robot is provided with a software agent that uses sensory input of the robot and performs calculations of the prediction market technique. The result of the agent's calculations is a 'belief' representing the confidence of the agent in identifying the object as a landmine. The beliefs from different robots are aggregated by the market mechanism and passed on to a decision maker agent. The decision maker agent uses this aggregate belief information about a potential landmine and makes decisions about which other robots should be deployed to its location, so that the landmine can be confirmed rapidly and accurately. Our experimental results show that, for identical data distributions and settings, using our prediction market-based information aggregation technique increases the accuracy of object classification favorably as compared to two other commonly used techniques.
Effect of vagus nerve stimulator magnet on programmable shunt settings.

OBJECTIVE: Vagus nerve stimulators and programmaide shont valves are used in the operative care of epilepsy and hydroocphilus, espectively. Hoth devices use magnetic fields to activate and program their various settings and functions. the authors conducted several ex vivo trials to better elucidate any interplay between the two systems. METHODS: A pulse generator controller (Cyberonics Corp., Mouston, TX) was brought to within 4 cm of Strata programmable sinant valves (Medtroraic Neurosurgery, Goleta, CA), Fach of live valves was preset to either a low- or high-pressure setting and then challenged with the vagus nerve stimulator genetator. Each valve was challenged 20 times, for a total of 100 trials, RESULTS: In 100 trials, 78 inadvertent pressure setting adjustments were recerded. In 46 attempts, the valve pressure was increased, and in 34 attenpts, the pressure was decreased. CONCLUSION: This study provides some support to the anecdotal reports of inadvertent adjustments of programmable shunt valve by the extemal magnetic field created by vagus nerve stimulator pulse generator controllers, Further trials and a created by vagus nerve stimulator pulse generator controllers, Further trials and a double-blind study are necessary to illustrate more clearly the possible relationship of these magnetically controlled neurosurgical devices.
Effect of pore distribution on the statistics of peak stress and overall properties of porous material

This paper addresses the effect of pore distribution on the overall properties and local stress fields in a porous material. Thermal and elastic fields in materials with uniform microstructure are compared with those of materials containing distinguishable clusters of circular or elliptic shape. The numerical simulation combines multipole expansion of local fields with the multi-particle unit cell method. Our work demonstrates that statistics of the peak stresses follow Gumbel’s rule derived for statistics of extreme values and are directly related to statistics of nearest neighbors. Based on this correspondence, an analytical expression for statistics of maximal stresses in a porous material with arbitrary microstructure is constructed in terms of porosity and statistics of minimal distances between the nearest neighbors. At the same time, the numerical analysis indicates that overall elastic constants and thermal (or electrical) conductivity are almost insensitive to the actual distribution of pores – uniform or with distinguishable pore clusters – at least in the examined interval of porosity (up to 50%).
Rabbis and Ministers: Women of the Book and the Cloth

L'article propose une etude comparative de l'experience et de la carriere des femmes dans la religion protestante et judaique, apres leur ordination en qualite de rabbin et parmi le clerge de certaines congregations protestantes. L'analyse montre que les femmes, dans ces deux religions, considerent qu'elles sont plus proches du monde reel et s'entourent de moins de formalisme que leurs homologues masculins. Elles croient ainsi qu'elles sont plus a meme de personnaliser les ceremonies religieuses et que leur predication revet un caractere plus emotionnel et relationnel que celui de leurs collegues masculins
Ascorbate blocks amphetamine-induced turning behavior in rats with unilateral nigro-striatal lesions

Unilateral nigro-striatal lesions were produced in rats using 6-hydroxydopamine. Intraperitoneal injections of amphetamine induced circling behavior in these rats due to release of striatal dopamine contralateral to the lesion. Intraperitoneal injections of 1 g/kg of ascorbic acid elevated brain ascorbate. Ascorbate, like other drugs blocking dopamine receptors, attenuated the amphetamine-induced turning behavior. Thus, ascorbic acid might have a role in regulating dopaminergic transmission and could be of therapeutic value in disorders involving functional dopamine excess.
Coronary artery aneurysm producing right ventricular outflow obstruction

Abstract We report clinical, echocardiographic and morphologic findings in a patient with an aneurysm of the right coronary artery, which produced right ventricular (RV) outflow obstruction, myocardial infarction, and subsequent fatal intrapericardial rupture and cardiac tamponade.
Information technology development: A management perspective

The opportunities of the information age present a real challenge to business management today. To meet this challenge, and to realize the true benefits of information technology, management must get involved and provide leadership in defining the business direction for an enterprise. It is through this involvement that the enterprise can apply technology to make the maximum impact on how business is conducted. Major information system development projects at General Dynamics Fort Worth will impact the way product definition data is managed and provide an example of how information technology can change the way we do business.
Optimal battery/ultracapacitor storage combination

Abstract A simple, global model for the optimal combination of ultracapacitor and battery for electrical energy storage is developed. The goal for this hybrid storage technology is to reduce the system life-cycle cost by making use of an ultracapacitor’s claimed long cycling-life in order to supplement relatively cheap, but cycle-limited battery storage. The model is built up of two independent sub-models that allow flexibility in the relative proportion of system energy storage. An analysis performed in this paper indicates that ultracapacitor/battery storage systems may be cost effective for high-cycle applications.
Low-index metamaterials comprised of plasmonic dimers of aluminum-doped zinc oxide

Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are an interesting class of plasmonic materials, which are under intensive study for their use in low-loss metamaterials and a range of applications such as sensing, imaging and transformation optics. Here, using both full-wave simulations and an equivalent circuit model for pairs of nanoparticles of aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), we study the plasmonic effects for low loss low index metamaterials for infrared applications. The behavior of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) of AZO nanoparticle dimers embedded in a host polymer medium is investigated for different dimer orientations with respect to the indicent electromagnetic wave. In doing this, the role of dressed polarizability to enhance and quench the plasmonic effects is also considered. The effects of the nanoparticles relative size and the spacing between them are studied. Understanding these resonances and their dependence on dimer orientations, provides a means to design metamaterial structures for use in the near infrared (NIR) region with epsilon-near-zero properties leading also to low index metamaterials. In our studies, we demonstrate how nanospheres with radii less than 100 nm that are distributed with an average spacing less than their diameter, can result in an effective medium with refractive index less than one. We utilize a full-wave frequency domain finite element method in conjunction with an equivalent-circuit model for the nanoscale dimers in order to describe the spectral response of the bulk low index properties. We also present a statistical analysis to obtain the effective refractive index for incident light having different polarizations.
SU-E-J-45: Verification of Beam-Line Geometry of Truebeam Using MV-EPID

Purpose: Geometrical accuracy of beam‐line components of a linear‐accelerator (LINAC) is indispensible for quality of patient treatments. Positional reproducibility of the flattening filters (FF) may directly affect the beam flatness and symmetry while uncertainties in the imager position may directly impact target localization. In this study we have investigated the positional uncertainties of both of these components. Methods: Images of both flattened and flatness‐filter‐free (FFF) beams of 6 and10 MV were acquired using the megavoltage electronic portal imaging Device (MV‐EPID) over a period of time to investigate the positional uncertainties in the beam‐line geometry. Due to forward peaked nature of the MV beams FFF beams show a cone‐shaped dose distributions that was used determine the center of the X‐ray beams and used as reference points. Central portion of the flattened beams show the image of the FF. These circular objects were used to determine the center of the flatness‐filter with respect to the reference point. Imager reproducibility was also tested against the reference point which is the center of the source. Positional reproducibility of the FF and the imager were tracked over a period of two months. Results: Centers of both 6X and 10X FFs were systematically shifted by 2.2mm in X‐and ‐ 0.7 in Y‐directions. However, the shifts were magnified due to the fact that the FF being close to the MV‐source while the imager is far away (at 108cm) from the source. When corrected for this magnification, the real uncertainty in the FF position is approximately 0.2mm and ‐ 0.06 mm in X‐and Y‐directions. The imager positional reproducibility was found to be within ±1 pixel (<0.5mm). Conclusion: In this study we have shown a new method to detect positional uncertainty of the flatness‐filter and MV‐EPID. This methodology may be useful for QA of the LINACs. This project is supported by Varian Medical Systems
Mutations in the apolipoprotein B-100 gene: an important underlying cause of familially transmitted hypercholesterolemia and premature arteriosclerosis?

A therosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Western society. Hyperlipidemia is an important factor in the development of premature atherosclerosis. Classic familial hypercholesterolemia is the best characterized genetic disease associated with hyperlipidemia. It is caused by mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene.’ Heterozygous classic familial hypercholesterolemia has a frequency of approximately 1 in 500. Homozygotes occur in about 1 in 1 million. Classic familial hypercholesterolemia is therefore a relatively rare genetic disease. Less than 5% of the patients admitted to coronary care units following a myocardial infarction carry the defective gene. In the vast majority of patients, other genetic and environmental factors play important parts in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. I hypothesize that heritable defects in a physiologic LDL receptor ligand, apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, may be an important cause of familially transmitted hypercholesterolemia. Structure of apolipoprotein B-100: ApoB-100 of LDL is a major physiologic ligand for the LDL receptor. Plasma apoB-100 and LDL cholesterol levels are positively correlated with coronary atherosclerosis. The apoBs found in different human lipoprotein particles are heterogeneous: apoB-100 is present in LDL, intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas apoB-48 is present in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants.2 In addition, other apoB species, apoB-26 and apoB-74, detected in some LDL and VLDL preparations, are proteolytic degradation products of apoB-100. ApoB and its subspecies are characterized by their extremely high molecular mass, their insolubility in aqueous media following delipidation and their inability to transfer among lipoprotein particles. The structures of apoB-100 and apoB-48 have been recently deduced from their complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. 3-7 ApoB-100 is the largest
Mechanistic studies on a dipeptide-promoted asymmetric cyclopropanation of unfunctionalized olefins.

This paper describes mechanistic studies on a dipeptide-promoted asymmetric cyclopropanation system for unfunctionalized olefins. Zinc species generated from the deprotonation of the N−H of the dipeptide ligand have been investigated by NMR and X-ray structure studies and are likely to be responsible for asymmetric cyclopropanation. ZnI2 plays an important role in promoting the reaction.