cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prayer in Marriage to Improve Wellness: Relationship Quality and Cardiovascular Functioning

This study examined daily partner-focused petitionary prayer (PFPP) on relationship communication and quality as well as novel indices of cardiovascular functioning in a sample of 90 adults. PFPP was compared to waitlist and meditation conditions over a 4-week period. Aortic hemodynamics via pulse wave analysis were assessed before and after the intervention. Factorial repeated measures analyses indicated that for those in the prayer condition, there were significant improvements in coronary perfusion, decreased left ventricular work, and increased coronary blood flow. Additionally, the perceived positive aspects of one's relationship improved for those in the prayer condition. Similar changes did not occur in waitlist and meditation conditions. Findings suggest that daily PFPP improves relationship quality and cardiovascular efficiency via improving protective cardiovascular mechanisms. Practical implications are briefly discussed.
Traffic-Aware Dynamic Container Migration for Real-Time Support in Mobile Edge Clouds

Edge clouds face challenges of resource assignment and load balancing due to variability of user location (mobility), server load and network state. Dynamic resource migration techniques are considered necessary to achieve load balance, fault tolerance and system maintenance objectives. Container migration is emerging as a potential solution that enables dynamic resource migration in virtualized networks and mobile edge cloud (MEC) systems. This paper proposes a traffic aware container migration approach and validates it with an end-to-end system implementation using a pure container hypervisor called LXD (Linux Container Hypervisor). The container migration model is then evaluated for real-time applications such as license plate recognition running in a mobile edge cloud scenario based on city-scale mobility traces from taxicabs in San Francisco. The system evaluation considers key metrics associated with application quality-of-experience (QoE) and network efficiency such as the average system response time and the migration cost for different combinations of load, compute resources, inter-edge cloud bandwidth, network and user latency. A specific compute resource and network-aware distributed resource migration algorithm called “ShareOn” is proposed and compared with alternative techniques using the San Francisco MEC model.
Scintillation arc brightness and electron density for an analytical noodle model

We show that narrow filaments or sheets of over- or under-dense plasma, or "noodles," with fluctuations of scattering phase of less than a radian, can form the scintillation arcs seen for many pulsars. The required local fluctuations of electron density are indefinitely small. We assume a cosine profile for the electron column and find the scattered field by analytic Kirchhoff integration. For a large electron column, corresponding to large amplitude of phase variation, the stationary-phase approximation is accurate; we call this regime "ray optics". For smaller-amplitude phase variation, the stationary-phase approximation is inaccurate or inapplicable; we call this regime "wave optics". We show that scattering is most efficient when the width of the strip equals that of one pair of Fresnel zones, and in the wave-optics regime. We show that the resolution of present observations is about 100 Fresnel zones on the scattering screen. Incoherent superposition of strips within a resolution element tends to increase the scattered field. We find that observations match a single noodle per resolution element with phase of up to 12 radians; or many noodles per resolution element with arbitrarily small phase variation each, for net phase of less than a radian. Observations suggest a minimum radius for noodles of about 650 km, comparable to the ion inertial scale or the ion cyclotron radius in the scattering plasma.
Salivary Bioscience and Cancer

Saliva is a fountain of opportunities. It plays a significant role in health and disease due to its versatile composition and distinct function. With the advancements of technology and research methodologies, saliva is gaining larger recognition for its vital role in risk assessment and disease prevention.
Contrast Sensitivity Testing in Patients with Juvenile Diabetes

Grating contrast sensitivity has long been used in the study of visual physiology [1], and more recently in the study of ophthalmological disorders [2,3]. While Snellen acuity tests determine only the highest detectable spatial frequency at maximal obtainable contrast, grating tests measure the minimum detectable contrast over a wide range of spatial frequencies, more closely simulating the visual demands of daily life. Traditionally, contrast sensitivity is defined as the reciprocal of the minimum detectable contrast, and a plot of contrast sensitivity vs. spatial frequency is a representation of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). Many factors are known to influence the CSF, including pupillary diameter and the refractive power of the eye [1], age of the observer [2], and retinal disease [3]. In this paper we report measurements of the CSF in a population of 42 juvenile onset diabetics, and 20 age matched non-diabetic controls.
Design and simulation of a heat-driven direct reverse osmosis device for seawater desalination powered by solar thermal energy

Abstract This paper presents the design and simulation of a high-performance, low-cost, and robust method for using solar thermal energy to power small-scale and short-term seawater desalination via reverse osmosis (RO). In this proposed approach, solar radiation heats a piston containing a saturated working fluid, which directly pressurizes a feed water reservoir connected to an RO membrane assembly. A dynamic simulation of this heat-driven direct reverse osmosis (HDRO) process was developed and used to perform a sensitivity analysis of the device’s performance over a range of system geometric parameters, component-level material properties, and ambient conditions. The results of this sensitivity analysis were used to configure a representative solar-powered HDRO device that could be constructed from cheap, off-the-shelf components and be carried by a single adult. The operation of this resultant device was simulated using historical solar irradiance and air temperature data provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Over a full day, the simulated portable system was able to produce 5.98 L of pure water from 35 g NaCl/L salinity seawater at a cycle-averaged performance ratio ( PR ) of 4.1 with a midday peak of 4.41. A first law efficiency analysis indicates that there is significant room for improving the system performance, should PR need to be optimized over manufacturability and portability instead. Consequently, the results presented here indicate the potential efficacy of HDRO as a solution for small-scale off-grid seawater desalination applications.
Vaccinating Detained Migrants against SARS-CoV-2 - Preventing Another Tragedy.

Vaccinating Detained Migrants against SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 has devastated refugees and asylum seekers in U.S. federal detention centers, and the Trump administration has devised a workaround for vac...
Social Scientists in an Adversarial Environment: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Organizational Factors Research

This paper examines the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) pursuit of social science research that could inform the oversight of nuclear power plant management. Perhaps no nuclear regulator ha...
Income inequality and the volatility of stock prices

We examine the link between income inequality and the price volatility of American Depository Receipts (ADRs). Using a large sample of ADRs across 37 countries, we find that income inequality is ne...
Propagation of valley coherent self-resonant exciton-polaritons

Room temperature stable excitons near the K-point in few layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as WS2 dominate their optical response and offer a unique route for engineering light and matter interactions. To this end, we will discuss the observation of self-resonant exciton polaritons in 3L WS photonic crystals supporting a Fano type optical resonance. While the strong excitonic absorption allows for the experimental observation of exciton-polaritons, the valley coherent excitonic photoluminescence in few layer WS2 provides a unique mechanism for the investigation of valley coherent propagation of exciton polaritons.
TBK1 has a new Akt.

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a noncanonical IκB kinase that plays an essential role in the innate immune response to foreign pathogens. Recent studies have highlighted additional roles for TBK1 in the regulation of metabolism, although the mechanisms of this regulation have not been well characterized. In a recent issue, Tooley et al. demonstrated that TBK1-dependent activation of downstream kinase Akt is mediated via mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2. This novel action of TBK1 reveals a key role for this kinase in the regulation of cellular metabolism and growth by diverse environmental inputs.
FOXR1 regulates stress response pathways and is necessary for proper brain development

The forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors are highly conserved and play essential roles in a wide range of cellular and developmental processes. We report an individual with severe neurological symptoms including postnatal microcephaly, progressive brain atrophy and global developmental delay associated with a de novo missense variant (M280L) in the FOXR1 gene. At the protein level, M280L impaired FOXR1 expression and induced a nuclear aggregate phenotype due to protein misfolding and proteolysis. RNAseq and pathway analysis showed that FOXR1 acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor with central roles in heat shock response, chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding and cellular response to stress pathways. Indeed, FOXR1 expression is increased in response to cellular stress, a process in which it directly controls HSPA6, HSPA1A and DHRS2 transcripts. The M280L mutant compromises FOXR1’s ability to respond to stress, in part due to impaired regulation of downstream target genes that are involved in the stress response pathway. Quantitative PCR of mouse embryo tissues show Foxr1 expression in the embryonic brain. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we found that deletion of mouse Foxr1 leads to a severe survival deficit while surviving newborn Foxr1 knockout mice have reduced body weight. Further examination of newborn Foxr1 knockout brains revealed a decrease in cortical thickness and enlarged ventricles compared to littermate wild-type mice, suggesting that loss of Foxr1 leads to atypical brain development. Combined, these results suggest FOXR1 plays a role in cellular stress response pathways and is necessary for normal brain development.
Consuming Brazil: Afro Brazilian Religion as a Base for Actor Training

CONSUMING BRAZIL: AFRO BRAZILIAN RELIGION AS A BASE FOR ACTOR TRAINING By Corey Justin Roberts, Master of Fine Arts A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts: Theatre Pedagogy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Major Director: Dr. Tawnya Pettiford-Wates Associate Professor, Department of Theatre Actor training, like the theatre in Brazil, has historically been a middle and upper class pursuit that followed European models, namely Stanislavski’s system. Yet within Brazil there is a wealth of diverse cultures that are inherently theatrical and well suited for application in actor training. In this study I explore one such culture, the Afro Brazilian religion Umbanda. First, I examine its formation to illuminate how the religion itself performed (or served as a site for cultural interaction) throughout history. Then, I explore the practice of the religion both apart from and in relation to the theatre and Stanislavski’s
Influence of Size, Shape, and Surface Coating on the Stability of Aqueous Suspensions of CdSe Nanoparticles

In response to the rapid development and emerging commercialization of nanoparticles, fundamental studies concerning the fate of nanoparticles in the environment are needed. Precise control over the nanoparticle size, shape, and surface coating of cadmium selenide particles modified with thiolate ligands has been used to analyze the effects of nanoparticle design on their stability in aqueous environments. Nanoparticle stability was quantified using the concept of critical coagulation concentration (CCC) in solutions of sodium chloride. These investigations characterized the instability of the ligand coatings, which varied directly with chain length of the capping ligands. The stability of the ligand coatings were characterized as a function of time, pH, and ionic strength. Ligand dissociation has been shown to be a primary mechanism for nanoparticle aggregation when short-chain (C2−C6) ligands are used in the ligand shell. Stable nanoparticle suspensions prepared with long chain ligands (C11) were used t...
Abstract T P130: High Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 is Associated with Lower Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Framingham Heart Study

Background: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), reduces progression of atherosclerosis and in cross-sectional studies low circulating IGF-1 is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. Yet, prospective data linking IGF-1 levels to development of stroke remain sparse and inconsistent. We related circulating IGF-1 levels to risk of incident stroke in a community-dwelling sample. Methods: Serum IGF-1 levels were assayed in 757 stroke-free participants (age 79+5 years, 62% women) from the Framingham original cohort (1990-1994), and related to prospectively ascertained, incident all-stroke and ischemic stroke using Cox models. Results: During a mean follow-up of 10.2 years in 757 participants, 119 developed stroke including 99 with ischemic stroke. After adjustment for age and sex, higher log-IGF1 levels were associated with a lower risk of incident ischemic stroke [hazard ratio (HR): 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63- 0.99, p=0.043]. There was a threshold effect with subjects in the lowest quintile of IGF-1 levels having 2.56-fold higher risk of incident ischemic stroke (95% CI: 1.20, 5.45, p=0.015) compared to all others. We observed significant interaction between diabetes and IGF1 in their relation to ischemic stroke (p=0.016). In pre-specified subgroup analyses the effect was restricted to persons with diabetes and central obesity (waist-to-hip ratio in top quartile) in whom each SD increase in IGF-1 was associated with a 61% (HR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.20-0.78, p=0.007), and 41% (HR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.37- 0.95, p=0.031) lower risk of incident ischemic stroke, respectively. Results were similar for all-stroke. Conclusions: IGF-1 may have a protective role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke among persons with insulin resistance as manifested by diabetes and/or obesity.
Future Trends in Electrical Engineering Education

Maxwell started the electrical field on the mathematical analysis path, and the field will continue to successfully exploit the mathematical method. It can be expected that engineering will more completely take over the teaching of its own basic principles, as engineering becomes more accurately described as applied science. Future progress in electrical education will be built about mathematics, and especially employ systems analysis and materials science. Without further advance in his science base, the engineer may be in danger of becoming an order-taking technician. Such progress in fundamental will require the elimination of many present-day barriers between areas of specialization.
Spectrum of Operative Treatments and Clinical Outcomes for Atraumatic Osteoarthritis of the Tarsometatarsal Joints

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify subtypes of atraumatic osteoarthritis of the tarsometatarsal joints based on accompanying foot deformities and to determine whether concurrent procedures done for each subtype were effective. Methods: The study included 59 patients (67 feet) with atraumatic tarsometatarsal joint osteoarthritis treated with tarsometatarsal fusion. The average patient age was 60.2 years with 40.6 months followup. Patients were evaluated with radiographs, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale, the Foot Function Index, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Results: Four main subtypes were identified based on associated foot deformities: pes planovalgus (27), hallux valgus (11), in-situ without deformities (eight), and rockerbottom (five). Plantar-medial closing-wedge resection was used to correct rockerbottom deformity. For pes planovalgus deformity, a medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy was done. Lateral column lengtheni...
Doing more with less: Bayesian estimation of erosion models with detrital thermochronometric data

article i nfo Detrital low temperature thermochronometric data provides spatial and temporal information on catchment erosion, which is relevant to problems in climate, tectonics and geomorphology. However, direct inference of erosion rates from such data is not trivial and only the simplest inverse problems have been addressed previously. In this paper, we present a new approach that relies on the Bayesian interpretation of probability and uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for inversion, which affords flexibility in the choice of specific model parametrization and transparent assessment of model uncertainty. We demonstrate how a single detrital sample sourced from a high relief catchment can constrain long-term (N10 6 years) changes in erosion rate that are in good agreement with published bedrock age-elevation profiles. Furthermore, we use detrital data to jointly invert for long-term exhumation history and spatial variability in short-term (b10 3 years) sediment supply, information relevant to many geomorphic studies. Where cooling histories are simple, we show that even small sample sizes (b20 grains) reliably estimate long-term rates of exhumation. We suggest that the presented approach to modeling detrital low-temperature thermochronometric data is both a powerful and efficient tool for solving tectonic and geomorphic problems.
Design of a peptide linker group to increase the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy signal intensity of a rhodamine-nanoparticle system

The surface enhanced resonance Raman spectra of three modified carboxy-x-rhodamine dyes were recorded using Au nanoparticles and an excitation laser operating at 670 nm. The dyes were modified with a linker group designed both to increase the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy signal and to couple the dye to the Au nanoparticles surface. The maximum signal intensity was recorded for a Cys-Gly linker with Cys thiol group acting as the coupling point to the Au surface and Gly-NH2 group used to attach the carboxy-x-rhodamine dye. This gave a signal intensity in the 1503 cm−1 Raman peak that was more than 20 times greater than for the unmodified dye. The Au nanoparticles used had a diameter of 49.8 ± 1.2 nm and were synthesised by the citrate reduction method.
Distributed control of broadcast channels with acknowledgement feedback: Stability and performance

It is well known that Aloha multiaccess schemes, with constant retransmission probability and mere acknowledgement feedback, exhibit bistability for large finite users and are unstable (thruput ? O) for the infinite user model. We propose an acknowledgement based recursive retransmission procedure which removes bistability for large finite user models and an average success rate of ?e-1 is maintained. For the infinite user Poisson model, the scheme is not unconditionally stable. However, a high level of success rate can be achieved through certain control variations.
Troponin subunits contribute to altered myosin ATPase activity in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Our group has documented that myocardial performance is impaired in the hearts of chronically diabetic rats and rabbits. Abnormalities in the contractile proteins and regulatory proteins may be responsible for the mechanical defects in the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic hearts. Previously, the major focus of our research on contractile proteins in abnormal states has concentrated on myosin ATPase and its isoenzymes. Our present study is based on the overall hypothesis that regulatory proteins, in addition to contractile protein, myosin contribute to altered cardiac contractile performance in the rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of our research was to define the role of cardiac regulatory proteins (troponin-tropomyosin) in the regulation of actomyosin system in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
The use of standardized tapered plastic pins in post and core fabrication

Abstract The Endowel is a plastic pin for use in the fabrication of a post and core to reinforce the restoration of an endodontically treated tooth (Fig. 10). Available in sizes 80 through 140 and color coded for ease in identification, the pin may be used in both anterior and posterior teeth utilizing either a direct or indirect technique. The Endowel requires no special investment, burns out with no residue at a low temperature, may be used as a sprue, and can be obtained at a very reasonable cost. The techniques for use are described.
New nonlinear analysis of onset of oscillations

This paper presents a novel approach to analysis of onset of oscillations in circuits with many nonlinear elements. It includes a simple design algorithm implemented in HP HFDS. The method is applied to a 900 MHz digital pager's local oscillator. Introduction Onset of oscillations from the quiescent point is a phenomenon both important and intrinsically difficult to analyze. This paper presents a simple new analysis of the phenomenon, and shows how to apply it in oscillator design. We combine small signal analysis with post-processing capabilities of modern software and obtain a simple geometrical algorithm, which describes the existence and stability, and also frequency and power of oscillations. Although the onset of oscillations was analysed in the past, the results were presented in the language of dynamical systems and were of little use to design engineers. The simplest formulation from engineering point of view was presented in [3] by Kudrewicz for single-feedback and in [1,2,4] Mees and Allwright (and generalized by Hente) for multiple-feedback systems. The recent development of CAE tools allows to apply the theoretical results to circuit design. This paper extends the results presented in [5] to circuits with many nonlinearities.
Selection and Validation of an AFLP Marker Core Collection for the Wild Potato Solanum microdontum

Solanum microdontum is a diploid potato species with features that make it a good model for research into management and use of germplasm in the genebank. Its taxonomic status is unambiguous and it is in the taxonomic series of wild species closest to cultivated forms. It is represented by about 100 populations in the genebank—not too many for comprehensive evaluation, yet not too few to make prioritization of the most valuable populations worthwhile. This species is also particularly rich in desirable traits, often exhibiting very broad segregation. We here report use of DNA markers for selection of a core set of populations, and assessing whether that core captures populations with the most desirable evaluation results for economic traits. DNA was extracted from bulks of 27 plants from each of 94 populations to generate AFLPs. A total of 1,741 informative loci were detected. AFLP loci were treated as though they were traits, with the banded condition considered to be the desired state to include in a core set. At least one band unique to a population was present in 45 populations, and these 45 populations together captured 98 % of all bands. Adding another 14 populations for a core of 59 populations captured 100 % of bands. This core set was assessed for whether it encompassed those populations known to have useful traits, including nutritional and quality components; and disease, stress and pest resistances. As with AFLP bands, 25 of 26 of the most desirable phenotypic traits were also found in populations in the core set of 59 populations. The most desirable status of 3 traits is lost by selecting a core of 45 populations. We conclude that these core sets would be a rational starting point when prospecting for new useful traits in microdontum.
Abstract 4596: Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits growth of MIAPaca2 human pancreatic cancer xenograft in vivo in association with apoptosis induction

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Low survival rate for patients with pancreatic cancer points towards an increased need for novel chemoprevention, early detection, and therapeutic strategies for this disease. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of human pancreatic cancer cells (MIAPaca2, PL-45, and BxPC3) to PEITC resulted in growth inhibition, which was accompanied by apoptotic cell death regardless of the K-ras status. Apoptotic cell death by PEITC treatment was characterized by an increase in cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation and enrichment of sub-diploid fraction. PEITC-induced apoptosis correlated with induction of pro-apoptotic protein Bak, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Oral administration of 12 µmol PEITC/mouse (five times per week) significantly retarded the growth of MIAPaca2 xenografts in male nude mice without causing weight loss or any other signs of toxicity. PEITC administration significantly reduced proliferation as determined by PCNA and Ki-67 stainings and increased apoptosis in tumors as shown by TUNEL assay. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, that PEITC administration retards the growth of human pancreatic cancer xenografts by inducing apoptotic cell death. The present study provides pre-clinical evidence for development of PEITC as a chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer. This investigation was supported in part by the Wayne Fusaro Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund (DCW), the Shirley Hobbs Martin Memorial Fund (REB), and the NCI grants CA101753 and CA113363 (SVS). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4596
Minimal-delay traffic grooming for WDM star networks

All-optical networks face the challenge of reducing slower opto-electronic conversions by managing assignment oftraffic streams to wavelengths in an intelligent manner, while at the same time utilizing bandwidth resources tothe maximum. This challenge becomes harder in networks closer to the end users that have insufficient data tosaturate single wavelengths as well as traffic streams outnumbering the usable wavelengths, resulting in trafficgrooming which requires costly traffic analysis at access nodes. We study the problem of traffic grooming thatreduces the need to analyze traffic, for a class of network architecture most used by Metropolitan Area Networks;the star network. The problem being NP-complete, we provide an efficient twice-optimal-bound greedy heuristicfor the same, that can be used to intelligently groom traffic at the LANs to reduce latency at the access nodes.Simulation results show that our greedy heuristic achieves a near-optimal solution.Keywords: T raffic grooming, WDM star networks, NP-complete, greedy heuristic.
Replication, latent infection, and reactivation in neuronal culture with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-negative mutant.

Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutant viruses lacking functional viral thymidine kinase activity are reported to be incapable of replication in neurons. To investigate the role of viral thymidine kinase (TK) activity in the HSV-1 infection of the neuron, we studied a thymidine kinase-negative (TK − ) mutant virus engineered to eliminate TK function without affecting the other known transcripts encoded in this region of the genome. Studies using the mouse eye model demonstrated that the mutant behaved as is reported for other TK − viruses: DNA of the mutant virus was detected in the ganglia during the latent infection by polymerase chain reaction, but virus did not reactivate after explantation of the ganglia. Utilizing the neuronal cultures, we investigated the ability of the mutant virus to replicate in neurons and the capacity of the mutant virus to establish latency and reactivate. With a low multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.), replication of the TK − mutant virus in sensory neurons in culture was significantly delayed compared to that of the wild-type virus. However, when a high m.o.i. was used, the mutant and the wild-type viruses replicated with similar kinetics. The TK − mutant virus was capable of establishment of latency and reactivation from the latent infection in sensory neurons in culture. These data suggest that HSV-1 thymidine kinase activity facilitates viral replication, but that TK activity is not essential for either replication or reactivation from latent infections in neurons in vitro .
Algorithms for mining meaningful roles

Role-based access control (RBAC) offers significant advantages over lower-level access control policy representations, such as access control lists (ACLs). However, the effort required for a large organization to migrate from ACLs to RBAC can be a significant obstacle to adoption of RBAC. Role mining algorithms partially automate the construction of an RBAC policy from an ACL policy and possibly other information, such as user attributes. These algorithms can significantly reduce the cost of migration to RBAC.This paper proposes new algorithms for role mining. The algorithms can easily be used to optimize a variety of policy quality metrics, including metrics based on policy size, metrics based on interpretability of the roles with respect to user attribute data, and compound metrics that consider size and interpretability. The algorithms all begin with a phase that constructs a set of candidate roles. We consider two strategies for the second phase: start with an empty policy and repeatedly add candidate roles, or start with the entire set of candidate roles and repeatedly remove roles. In experiments with publicly available access control policies, we find that the elimination approach produces better results, and that, for a policy quality metric that reflects size and interpretability, our elimination algorithm achieves significantly better results than previous work.
An Unusual Clinical and Pathological Variant of Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a White-Tailed Deer

A captive male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) developed an acute illness over a 3-day period characterized predominantly by neurological, ocular and respiratory signs which were accompanied by prominent gross lesions of multiple organ systems. Histologically, a proliferative vasculitis consisting primarily of lymphocytic-lymphoblastic cellular infiltration was found in ocular, oral, respiratory, cardiac and neural tissues. The extensive nature of these infiltrations resulted in grossly apparent nodular foci in the lung, lymphoid tissue and myocardium which were suggestive of a lymphoproliferative disorder. This is contrasted to the more necrotizing nature of the vasculitis observed in other reported cases of malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer. Although virus isolation was not attempted, serologic findings of antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever virus detected by indirect immunofluorescence and virus neutralization supported a diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever in this deer.
Study Guides An Instructional Tool for Equalizing Student Achievement

Discusses accommodating the diverse academic needs of students through the use of study guides
A unified model of early word learning: Integrating statistical and social cues

Previous studies on early language acquisition have shown that word meanings can be acquired by an associative procedure that maps perceptual experience onto linguistic labels based on cross-situational observation. Recently, a social-pragmatic account focuses on the effect of the child's social-cognitive capacities, such as joint attention and intention reading. This paper argues that statistical and social cues can be seamlessly integrated to facilitate early word learning. To support this idea, we first introduce a statistical learning mechanism that provides a formal account of cross-situational observation. A unified model is then presented that is able to make use of different kinds of embodied social cues, such as joint attention and prosody in maternal speech, in the statistical learning framework. In a computational analysis of infant data, our unified model performs significantly better than the purely statistical approach in computing word-meaning associations.
Supramolecular main-chain liquid crystalline polymers and networks with competitive hydrogen bonding

A series of supramolecular polymers and networks with variable liquid crystalline characteristics have been created. These species are formed though the benzoic acid/pyridine associations of a flexible bisacid and a mixture of a rigid bispyridyl and a non-mesogenic tetrapyridyl. The networked systems displayed liquid crystalline characteristics up to and including 22.5% netpoint inclusion. Above this concentration, only crystalline and melting behaviours were observed. This observed phenomenon would seem to be linked to the statistical correlation of hydrogen bond acceptors and donors. There was also no observed phase segregation of the species after multiple heat/cool cycles and extended periods of time in the isotropic state. This would indicate that the thermodynamically more stable mesogenic phase cannot out-compete the non-liquid crystalline network. Computational analysis indicates no significant difference in hydrogen bond strength between the two different hydrogen bond acceptors.
Mapping Strategies to Threats in Critical Care Nursing

Nurses in the critical care environment encounter numerous threats while performing critical tasks. These threats may emerge from different sources such as the environment or the patient. Effective mitigation of the threats while managing the condition of the patient entails the use of strategies. The strategies that are used to manage the threats aim at changing the state of particular characteristics of the environment or the patient. This study attempted to classify the threats and strategies used by intensive care unit nurses into different types, and to map commonalities between the threats and strategies. Results indicated that although nurses managed threats with a cocktail of strategies, the most prominent strategy in the cocktail typically belonged to the same category as that of the threat.
Equilibrium bank geometry and the width of shallow sandbed streams

Cross-sections of 16 straight sandbed streams in Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska were surveyed. Two stratigraphic horizons were found in the banks at each site, an upper cohesive unit usually composed of silt and clay and a lower unit composed of sand. Bank erosion on these rivers occurs when the upper cohesive unit is undercut by scour at bends. The overhanging cohesive block fails by beam or cantilever failure. As upper bank failure is a direct result of undercutting, the stability and rate of retreat of the bank are largely determined by erosion of the sandy part of the bank. The cohesive layer has little influence on bank retreat and width adjustment on the rivers studied here. A quantitative lateral sediment transport model developed by Parker (1978a) is used to calculate the steady-state geometry of the sandy part of the bank. Results are obtained for the shape, length, and height of the sandy part of the bank. The model predicts the length of the bank fairly well, and the theoretical equation for the height of the bank is of the correct form. The model, however, overestimates the slope of the bank. The height of the sandy part of the bank (Db) is approximately equal to the depth of the mean annual flow. Since Db is determined by the lateral sediment transport model, the width (W) may be obtained from the equation of continuity (Q = WDbV), published flow (Q) data, and a resistance equation for the mean velocity, V. The calculated widths are similar to those measured in the field.
Numerical simulation of double diffusive convection in a V-shaped sump

Abstract The numerical simulation of double diffusive convection in aV-shaped sump is investigated in this paper. The linear variations of temperature and concentration on the wall of the V-shaped sump are considered to simulate approximately the boundary condition of the liquid region during continuous casting. Solutions are obtained by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration in the boundary-fitted coordinate system. A nonuniform grid is used in the computations. Pure thermal convection and pure solutal convection for the same boundary conditions as double diffusive convection have been analyzed first to explore the flow phenomena by thermal buoyancy force or solutal buoyancy force alone. The double diffusive convection at different buoyancy forces ratios is then investigated. The flow pattern that appeared in the cross section is discussed in detail. It was found that the double diffusive convection flow in they-shaped sump is dominated by solutal convection, which is characterized by a multilayered flow structure when the buoyancy forces ratio is greater than 10. However, the thermal convection flow prevails on the flow when the buoyancy forces ratio is less than 1. Furthermore, the double diffusive flow in the V-shaped sump becomes weaker as the angle of the V-shape sump decreases. In addition, the effects of Lewis number on the flow pattern are discussed.
Performance of a non‐nuclear resonant frequency capacitance probe. I. Calibration and field testing

Abstract Accurate and rapid methods for in situ measurement of soil water content of field soils are required for assessment of plant growth conditions, crop water balance, and irrigation scheduling. Advances in electronics have made possible the recent development of a commercially available non‐nuclear resonant frequency capacitance probe (Troxler Sentry 200‐AP) for measuring water content of various materials. However, the performance of this probe to measure soil water content of the field soils in situ has not been widely reported. This study was undertaken to identify the need for field calibration and to understand the calibration process and evaluate the performance of the capacitance probe. A field calibration curve for a Uchee loamy sand was made for the Sentry 200‐AP probe. In situ volumetric soil water content obtained using this calibration curve differed markedly from those obtained using the factory calibration provided with the probe. The capacitance probe was found to be more sensitive at...
A nonlinear least-squares method for determining cerebrospinal fluid formation and absorption kinetics in pseudotumor cerebri.

Abstract Data from 14 patients with benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) have been analyzed using a nonlinear least-squares regression model which was developed and programmed for in-hospital microcomputer use. The method of analysis permits rapid estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation and absorption rates as functions of pressure in individual patients using data from constant-rate infusion manometrics. The analysis predicts that prednisone therapy in pseudotumor cerebri reduces resting CSF pressure by increasing CSF absorption at all intracranial pressures studied, and decreasing CSF formation at high pressures. This result is in accordance with evidence suggesting that impaired CSF absorption plays a major role in the pathogenesis of increased intracranial pressure in pseudotumor cerebri.
Source mechanism of the Bartin earthquake of September 3, 1968 in northwestern Turkey: Evidence for active thrust faulting at the southern Black Sea margin

Abstract The Bartin earthquake of September 3, 1968 is the strongest instrumentally recorded earthquake to occur along the Black Sea margin in northwestern Turkey. The source mechanism of the Bartin earthquake, as determined in this study from long period P wave first motions and from the inversion of P and SH waves, indicates thrust faulting with a strike of 28°, dip of 38° and rake of 80°. The average (centroid) depth is 4 km and the seismic moment is 3.9 × 10 25 dyn cm . The Bartin earthquake provides the first evidence for active thrust faulting at the southern margin of the Black Sea. The Black Sea has probably evolved as a back-arc basin resulting from the northward subduction of Tethys. Seismicity, fault plane solutions, and other geophysical data suggest that at the present time the Black Sea is closing under north-south compression.
Tales from Existential Oceans: Terror Management Theory and How the Awareness of Our Mortality Affects Us All

Terror management theory is a social psychological theory that draws from existential, psychodynamic, and evolutionary perspectives to understand the often potent influence that deeply rooted concerns about mortality can have on our sense of self and social behavior. The present article presents a brief introduction to the theory, comments on critiques and alternative explanations, and highlights where the theory came from, where it has been, and a few places that it might be going. Research is reviewed that uses this analysis to understand conscious and unconscious processes of psychological defense, the role of relationships and basic structuring of reality for managing existential distress, the integration of these ideas with motives for creativity and psychological growth, as well as a number of applied directions that help to make sense of pressing social problems. Whatever became of the moment when one first knew about death? There must have been one, a moment, in childhood when it first occurred to you that you don’t go on for ever. It must have been shattering ‐ stamped into one’s memory. And yet I can’t remember it. It never occurred to me at all. What does one make of that? We must be born with an intuition of mortality. Before we know the words for it, before we know that there are words, out we come, bloodied and squalling with the knowledge that for all the compasses in the world, there’s only one direction, and time is its only measure. ‐ Tom Stoppard (1967) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead pp. 71‐72. So what does the human awareness of mortality have to do with our sense of who we are? It seems reasonable that some rather unsettling psychological consequences stem from the awareness that our ultimate future is one of fertilizer and yet we navigate through much of life ungrounded by this reality. To introduce ourselves to the answer that will be the focus of this article, let us go back in time a couple of decades. As a new assistant professor at Skidmore College in 1980, Sheldon Solomon came across the work of cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker. Enticed by the titles [The Birth and
Survivability evaluation of NEMO with multiple mobile routers

Mobile networks (NEMO) can be formed with IP-enabled devices in motion. Mobile Router (MR) acts as the gateway for all the nodes inside a mobile network. As the MR is the key entity in NEMO, the load on MR can be very high and can become the performance bottleneck. Increase in number of MRs can improve the reliability, as a single MR can be single point of failure. There have no survivability analysis of NEMO based on multiple MRs. In this paper, we have performed quantitative survivability analysis of NEMO with multiple MRs, taking into consideration possible node and link failures along with denial of service attacks. We have presented numerical results which reveals that increase in number of mobile routers improves the performance of the mobile network by reducing the mean delay and drop probability while withstanding attack packets.
CENTRIOLES AND THE FORMATION OF RUDIMENTARY CILIA BY FIBROBLASTS AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Cells from a variety of sources, principally differentiating fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells from neonatal chicken and mammalian tissues and from organ cultures of chicken duodenum, were used as materials for an electron microscopic study on the formation of rudimentary cilia. Among the differentiating tissues many cells possessed a short, solitary cilium, which projected from one of the cell's pair of centrioles. Many stages evidently intermediate in the fashioning of cilium from centriole were encountered and furnished the evidence from which a reconstruction of ciliogenesis was attempted. The whole process may be divided into three phases. At first a solitary vesicle appears at one end of a centriole. The ciliary bud grows out from the same end of the centriole and invaginates the sac, which then becomes the temporary ciliary sheath. During the second phase the bud lengthens into a shaft, while the sheath enlarges to contain it. Enlargement of the sheath is effected by the repeated appearance of secondary vesicles nearby and their fusion with the sheath. Shaft and sheath reach the surface of the cell, where the sheath fuses with the plasma membrane during the third phase. Up to this point, formation of cilia follows the classical descriptions in outline. Subsequently, internal development of the shaft makes the rudimentary cilia of the investigated material more like certain non-motile centriolar derivatives than motile cilia. The pertinent literature is examined, and the cilia are tentatively assigned a non-motile status and a sensory function.
A low-cost high-power microwave receiver

The simple receiver described monitors the incident power density close to sensitive electronics and provides a record of the occurrence of potentially damaging RF exposure. This receiver measures the peak value of the incident field strength over a broad instantaneous bandwidth (1-6 GHz), identifies time periods during which threshold field strengths (2, 10, and 50 V/m) are exceeded, covers a +or-45 degrees field of view, and detects a single pulse whose duration exceeds 250 ns. This receiver purposely uses a simple design to permit low-cost fabrication, and a unique microstrip antenna was developed to fulfil design objectives. >
The role of vertebrate models in understanding craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis (CS), the premature fusion of cranial sutures, is a relatively common pediatric anomaly, occurring in isolation or as part of a syndrome. A growing number of genes with pathologic mutations have been identified for syndromic and nonsyndromic CS. The study of human sutural material obtained post-operatively is not sufficient to understand the etiology of CS, for which animal models are indispensable. The similarity of the human and murine calvarial structure, our knowledge of mouse genetics and biology, and ability to manipulate the mouse genome make the mouse the most valuable model organism for CS research. A variety of mouse mutants are available that model specific human CS mutations or have CS phenotypes. These allow characterization of the biochemical and morphological events, often embryonic, which precede suture fusion. Other vertebrate organisms have less functional genetic utility than mice, but the rat, rabbit, chick, zebrafish, and frog provide alternative systems in which to validate or contrast molecular functions relevant to CS.