cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Climate change and seasonal reproduction in mammals

Seasonal reproduction is common among mammals at all latitudes, even in the deep tropics. This paper (i) discusses the neuroendocrine pathways via which foraging conditions and predictive cues such as photoperiod enforce seasonality, (ii) considers the kinds of seasonal challenges mammals actually face in natural habitats, and (iii) uses the information thus generated to suggest how seasonal reproduction might be influenced by global climate change. Food availability and ambient temperature determine energy balance, and variation in energy balance is the ultimate cause of seasonal breeding in all mammals and the proximate cause in many. Photoperiodic cueing is common among long-lived mammals from the highest latitudes down to the mid-tropics. It is much less common in shorter lived mammals at all latitudes. An unknown predictive cue triggers reproduction in some desert and dry grassland species when it rains. The available information suggests that as our climate changes the small rodents of the world may adapt rather easily but the longer lived mammals whose reproduction is regulated by photoperiod may not do so well. A major gap in our knowledge concerns the tropics; that is where most species live and where we have the least understanding of how reproduction is regulated by environmental factors.
Non-existence of continuous choice functions ☆

Abstract Let X be a compact, or path-connected, metric space whose topological dimension is at least 2. We show that there does not exist a continuous choice function (i.e., single-valued choice correspondence) defined on the collection of all finite feasible sets in X . Not to be void of content, therefore, a revealed preference theory in the context of most infinite consumption spaces must either relinquish the fundamental continuity property or allow for multi -valued choice correspondences.
Resolution and recurrence rates of idiopathic trigger finger after corticosteroid injection

This study addresses factors associated with apparent resolution and recurrence of triggering using data from providers with various treatment strategies. A retrospective review identified 878 adult patients with 1,210 Quinnell grade 2 or 3 trigger fingers that had one or more corticosteroid injections by one of three surgeons between 2001 and 2011. Two surgeons injected dexamethasone, but one had patients return 1 month after injection and was quick to recommend surgery (strategy A) and the other had patients return 2 months after injection, offered another injection or surgery, and followed the patient’s preference. One surgeon used triamcinolone, had patients return only if the injection did not work, and waited at least 3 months to offer surgery. Factors associated with apparent resolution and recurrence of triggering were sought in bivariable and multivariable statistical analysis. Triamcinolone injection was associated with more frequent apparent resolution (83 %), than dexamethasone injection (30 %). Apparent resolution of triggering was also associated with a delayed surgery treatment strategy (B and C) and the affected finger (long and ring fingers were less likely to resolve). Return with triggering after documented or presumed resolution occurred in 188 fingers (33 %) and was associated with triamcinolone injection, index, long and ring finger, and orally treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Strategy A had the lowest initial apparent resolution rate, the highest proportion of patients having surgery, and the lowest final triggering rate of 10 %. Both treatment strategy and type of corticosteroid determine apparent resolution and recurrence rates.
Cytogenetic effects of thermal neutron radiation on a polyploid grass hybrid

Abstract Seeds of an octoploid hybrid between Agropyron trachycaulum and Hordeum jubatum were radiated with low, medium, and heavy dosages of thermal neutrons. Germination was high in all lots. The percentage survivals at the end of two years for the controls, low, medium, and heavy dosage lots were approximately 98 per cent, 16 per cent, 7 per cent and 0·4 per cent, respectively. A marked difference was observed in the frequency of dicentric bridges in the initial divisions of the root tips of germinated seeds of the three dosage levels and controls. The quadrivalent frequency in pollen mother cells of all treated lots was not markedly higher than that of the controls. Two distinctive plants, possibly mutants, were detected. The first, in the R1 generation, possessed a compound leaf and two spikes. The second, in the small R2 generation, possessed an unusually condensed spike. No chlorophyll-deficient specimens were observed.
The Humboldt Connection

(1998). The Humboldt Connection. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 88, No. 4, pp. 723-730.
Massive Hydronephrosis from Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Masquerading as a Paratubal Cyst in an 11-Year-Old Girl

Abstract Background The differential diagnosis of a cystic pelvic mass in an adolescent girl is broad, and includes gastrointestinal, urologic, and gynecologic conditions. Case A premenarchal 11-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain. On transabdominal ultrasonography, abutting the lateral side of the left ovary was a large mass with an appearance compatible with a large paratubal cyst measuring 16.7 × 11.9 cm. On exploratory laparotomy, the patient's uterus, tubes and ovaries were normal and a massively dilated and displaced left kidney due to an ureteropelvic junction obstruction was ultimately diagnosed. Summary and Conclusion A cystic pelvic mass in an adolescent girl may not always be of ovarian or mullerian origin. Urinary tract obstruction is often silent; an incidental finding of hydronephrosis on ultrasonography may be the first clue of the possibility of ureteropelvic junction obstruction as the underlying diagnosis. It is always best to know which organ system is involved prior to surgery, so that the correct surgical team is present and the correct surgical approach is utilized.
Macrophage Serum-Based Adhesion to Plasma-Processed Surface Chemistry is Distinct from That Exhibited by Fibroblasts

Abstract Plasma-polymerized films deposited from AlAm, HxAm, NVP, NVFA, AA and FC were compared to TCPS and PS surfaces in supporting cellular attachment, viability, and proliferation in serum-based culture in vitro for extended periods of time (>7 d). Surface patterns were created using multi-step depositions with physical masks. Cell adhesion in the presence of serum was compared for (monocyte-) macrophage and fibroblast cell lines. Cellular response was tracked over time, reporting adhesive behavior, proliferative rates, and morphological changes as a function of surface chemistry. Micropatterned surfaces containing different surface chemistries and functional groups (e.g. -NH(2), -COOH, -CF(3)) produced differential cell adhesive patterns for NIH 3T3 fibroblasts compared to J774A.1, RAW 264.7 or IC-21 (monocyte-) macrophage cell types. Significantly, macrophage adhesion is substantial on surfaces where fibroblasts do not adhere under identical culture conditions.
Ultrafast multiwavelet analysis using a phase-encoded joint transfer correlator

We present a technique for multiwavelet analysis using a phase-encoded joint transfer correlator (JTC). The optoelectronic JTC is presented and analyzed as an effective tool for ultrafast wavelet analysis. By multiplexing reference wavelets in phase, multiwavelet analysis is performed in a single correlation. The architecture of the proposed system and computer simulations are presented.
Use of Combination Therapy with a β-Blocker and Milrinone in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure:

Objective:To review the literature evaluating the clinical effects of combination therapy with a β-blocker and milrinone in patients with severe heart failure (HF).Data Sources:Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1950–June 2009), PubMed (1966–June 2009), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–June 2009), with combinations of the following terms: positive inotrope, milrinone, dobutamine, and β-receptor blocker. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All articles that examined the effect of combination therapy with a β-blocker and milrinone on clinical endpoints in patients with advanced HF were assessed.Data Synthesis:A search of the literature revealed 4 studies examining the clinical effects of combination therapy with a β-blocker and milrinone. Three of these studies were retrospective reviews, while one was a post hoc subgroup analysis from the OPTIME-CHF study. Concomitant therapy with milrinone and a β-blocker was...
Genetic Ablation of Arginase 1 in Macrophages and Neutrophils Enhances Clearance of an Arthritogenic Alphavirus

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) cause a debilitating, and often chronic, musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in humans. Macrophages constitute the major inflammatory infiltrates in musculoskeletal tissues during these infections. However, the precise macrophage effector functions that affect the pathogenesis of arthritogenic alphaviruses have not been defined. We hypothesized that the severe damage to musculoskeletal tissues observed in RRV- or CHIKV-infected mice would promote a wound-healing response characterized by M2-like macrophages. Indeed, we found that RRV- and CHIKV-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory lesions, and macrophages present in these lesions, have a unique gene-expression pattern characterized by high expression of arginase 1 and Ym1/Chi3l3 in the absence of FIZZ1/Relmα that is consistent with an M2-like activation phenotype. Strikingly, mice specifically deleted for arginase 1 in neutrophils and macrophages had dramatically reduced viral loads and improved pathology in musculoskeletal tissues at late times post-RRV infection. These findings indicate that arthritogenic alphavirus infection drives a unique myeloid cell activation program in inflamed musculoskeletal tissues that inhibits virus clearance and impedes disease resolution in an arginase 1-dependent manner.
Interpreting structural controls on hydrate and free-gas accumulation using well and seismic information from the Gulf of Mexico

The effect of the structural setting on gas hydrate and free-gas accumulation near the East Casey fault zone at Keathley Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico is investigated using well logs and 2D and 3D acoustic-impedance inversions. We interpret two zones from the well logs: a probable hydrate zone and a dissociating hydrate zone. We interpret hydrates as fracture fillings in the clay-dominated formation with maximum saturation of approximately 30% of the available pore space, and maximum volumetric concentration of approximately 12%. The maximum free-gas concentration below the interpreted bottom simulating reflector (BSR) is less than 4%. Resistivity measurements alone are incon-clusive; complimentary measurements, such as sonic, reduce hy-drate interpretation ambiguities. Seismic data in 3D and the derived acoustic-impedance volume are interpreted in terms of a BSR, a high P -impedance hydrate zone, and free gas. We interpret two bright, low P -impedance features terminating at the BSR as free-gas accumulati...
Aurora B hyperactivation by Bub1 overexpression promotes chromosome missegregation

High expression of the mitotic kinase Bub1 is associated with a variety of human cancers and correlates with poor clinical prognosis, but whether Bub1 alone can drive tumorigenesis was unknown. We provided conclusive evidence that Bub1 has oncogenic properties by generating transgenic mice that overexpress Bub1 in a wide variety of tissues, resulting in aneuploidization. Consistently, Bub1 transgenic mice developed various kinds of spontaneous tumors as well as accelerated Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. While the mitotic checkpoint was robust in Bub1 overexpressing cells, misaligned and lagging chromosomes were observed. These defects originated from increased Aurora B activity and could be suppressed by inhibition of Aurora B. Taken together, this indicates that Bub1 has oncogenic properties and imply that aneuploidization and tumorigenesis result from Aurora B-dependent missegregation. Here, we focus on the complex relationship between Bub1 and Aurora B and discuss the broader implications of Bub1-dependent Aurora B activation in mediating error correction.
Effects of Amplitude Dynamics on Beam Steering and Shaping in Coupled Oscillator Array

A general expression for free-running frequencies is developed from the dynamic equations of the nonlinear coupled oscillator array (COA) system via the time domain method. By means of this solution, effects of amplitude dynamics are studied for oscillator arrays with uniform and triangular amplitude distributions. The array with different coupling strengths, nonlinear parameters, and synchronization frequencies are considered in the investigation. Results demonstrate that beam shapes and sidelobe levels (SLLs) can be controlled for the COA using strong coupling.
READING IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH: EVIDENCE FROM ADULT ESL STUDENTS

The research discussed here attempted to determine if (a) pycholing-uistics could explain the reading behaviors of adult Spanish speakers reading in Spanish and in English, and (b) if theme readers transferred their skills to English. The results of two studies are presented. In the first study, twenty-one adult Spanish-speaking ESL students took cloze tests in Spanish and in English. In the second study, the Spanish and English reading performances of a good L1 reader and a poor L1 reader were analyzed according to established oral miscue procedures. The results of these studies confirm the psycholinguistic perspective of reading for Spanish speakers reading in Spanish. However, it appears that language competence exerta a powerful effect on the reader, thereby reducing the good reader's advantage over the poor reader when their performances in English are compared. It is concluded that a language competence ceiling effectively prohibits the complete transfer of L1 reading skills to the second language. It is suggested that limited command of the language produces a “short circuit” effect on good readers, forcing them to revert to “poor reader strategies.” Theoretical, pedagogical and methodological implications are discussed.
Clinical Consideration of Oral and Related Sensory Processing and Dysphagia

This article provides an overview of human sensory processing and affective evaluation of foods and liquids relevant to oral intake in adults. The sensory context within which we provide swallowing...
Acute and Prolonged Effects of Sildenafil on Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE —Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), induced by occlusion of the brachial artery, is an index of nitric oxide-dependent endothelial function that is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sildenafil (Viagra) is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5), which is used for management of erectile dysfunction in a broad range of patients, including those with type 2 diabetes. Its effects on endothelial function in these patients have not been previously assessed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —We assessed the acute and prolonged effects of a low dose of sildenafil (25 mg) on FMD in patients with type 2 diabetes. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in 16 patients (14 of whom completed the study) with type 2 diabetes who had erectile dysfunction without overt clinical heart disease. RESULTS —In these patients, the mean ± SD brachial artery diameter (BAD) measured by ultrasound was 4.33 ± 0.6 mm. After inducing FMD, the BAD increased 8% to 4.66 ± 0.6 mm ( P = 0.2). One hour after oral administration of sildenafil 25 mg, FMD increased the BAD significantly by 15% to 4.99 ± 0.5 mm ( P ≤ 0.01), whereas it did not change with placebo (4.6 ± 0.6 mm, P = 0.1). After treatment with sildenafil 25 mg daily for 2 weeks and testing 24 h after the last dose, the mean FMD was 14% ( P = 0.01). In contrast, the mean FMD with placebo was 9% ( P = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS —We conclude that acute and prolonged sildenafil treatment has a favorable effect on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation that persists for at least 24 h after the last dose. Further investigation is needed to determine whether this prolonged effect has clinical implications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Automatic classification of Web information based on site structure

How to classify automatically Web information that grows explosive is becoming an imminent problem needed to be resolved. Based on site structure, we propose, in this paper, a new mechanism of automatic classification of Web information, which downloads Web pages within a Web site, records the hyperlinks among Web pages, catches the site structure, extracts the classifying system of the site itself, and then links categorizing information with the correspondent position in the site structure. Therefore automatic classification of Web information can be realized through matching the positions of categorizing information with the positions of Web pages. Experiments show that such classification based on site structure works more accurately and efficiently
Charged Molten Metal Droplet Deposition as a Direct Write Technology

The formation of highly uniform charged molten metal droplets from capillary stream breakup has recently attracted significant industrial and academic interest for applications requiring high-speed and high-precision deposition of molten metal droplets such as direct write technologies. Exploitation of the high droplet production rates intrinsic to the phenomenon of capillary stream break-up and the unparalleled uniformity of droplet sizes and speeds attained with proper applied forcing to the capillary stream make many new applications related to the manufacture of electronic packages, circuit board printing and rapid prototyping of structural components feasible. Recent research results have increased the stream stability with novel acoustic excitation methods and enable ultra-precise charged droplet deflection. Unlike other modes of droplet generation such as Drop -on-Demand, droplets can be generated at rates typically on the order of 10,000 to 20,000 droplets per second (depending on droplet diameter and stream speed) and can be electrostatic ally charged and deflected onto a substrate with a measured accuracy of ±12.5 μm. Droplets are charged on a drop-to-drop basis, enabling the direct writing of fine details at high speed. New results are presented in which fine detailed patterns are “printed” with individual molten metal solder balls, and issues relevant to the attainment of high quality printed artifacts are investigated.
A neural net algorithm for maximum entropy image reconstruction

An open problem of whether or not there exists a solution to the maximum entropy image reconstruction problem is theoretically solved. The convergence of a maximum entropy image reconstruction algorithm proposed by X. Zhuang et al. (IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-35, no.2, p.208-18, Feb. 1987) is proven and its fast convergence is derived. >
Environmental and Economic Trade-Offs in a Watershed When Using Corn Stover for Bioenergy

There is an abundant supply of corn stover in the United States that remains after grain is harvested which could be used to produce cellulosic biofuels mandated by the current Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). This research integrates the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model and the DayCent biogeochemical model to investigate water quality and soil greenhouse gas flux that results when corn stover is collected at two different rates from corn−soybean and continuous corn crop rotations with and without tillage. Multiobjective watershed-scale optimizations are performed for individual pollutant-cost minimization criteria based on the economic cost of each cropping practice and (individually) the effect on nitrate, total phosphorus, sediment, or global warming potential. We compare these results with a purely economic optimization that maximizes stover production at the lowest cost without taking environmental impacts into account. We illustrate trade-offs between cost and different environmental performance criteria, assuming that nutrients contained in any stover collected must be replaced. The key finding is that stover collection using the practices modeled results in increased contributions to atmospheric greenhouse gases while reducing nitrate and total phosphorus loading to the watershed relative to the status quo without stover collection. Stover collection increases sediment loading to waterways relative to when no stover is removed for each crop rotation−tillage practice combination considered; no-till in combination with stover collection reduced sediment loading below baseline conditions without stover collection. Our results suggest that additional information is needed about (i) the level of nutrient replacement required to maintain grain yields and (ii) cost-effective management practices capable of reducing soil erosion when crop residues are removed in order to avoid contributions to climate change and water quality impairments as a result of using corn stover to satisfy the RFS.
Development of Wheezing Disorders and Asthma in Preschool Children

Recent longitudinal studies have shed light on the pathogenesis and progression of asthma. The patterns of expression of childhood asthma that persist into adult life have been explored. Distinct asthma phenotypes (transient wheezing, nonatopic wheezing, and atopy-associated asthma) have been identified. Defining which children are at risk for persistent asthma could allow for better management and, potentially, for reduced morbidity and mortality.
Human "Mis"- perceptions of Climate Change

This research improves our understanding of the Stock-Flow (SF) Failure, found to be a robust problem in the perception of accumulation (Cronin, Gonzalez, & Sterman, 2009). We demonstrate the SF Failure with an interactive simulation in a relevant climate change context (Dynamic Climate Change Simulator (DCCS). In DCCS the climate change problem was simplified to an accumulation (stock), CO2 concentration; inflows, anthropogenic CO2 emissions; and outflows, CO2 absorptions from the atmosphere; using realistic climate models and their predictions. DCCS was used in a laboratory experiment to test participants' ability to control the CO2 concentration to a goal over 100 to 200 simulated years. Participants confronted one of four scenarios differing in emission decision frequency (every 2 years or 4 years) and rate of CO2 transfer from the atmosphere (1.2% or 1.6%, of CO2 concentration). Results show that performance in controlling CO2 concentration remained poor in all conditions of the task. An investigation of participant control strategies revealed misperceptions of feedback: participants brought CO2 concentration to the goal fastest for the condition where dynamics were slow and emission decisions were made less frequently, yet their stabilization after reaching the goal remained worst under the same conditions.
Human papillomavirus: what every provider should know

Persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary for the development of cervical cancer. Additionally, infection with HPV is implicated in the majority of cases of other genital tract malignancies including vulvar, penile, and vaginal cancer. HPV testing and vaccination are a routine part of obstetrical/gynecological clinical practice. With an enhanced public awareness of HPV infections, many patients turn to their obstetricians/gynecologists with questions about transmission, testing, and prevention. In this review, we will discuss the biology of HPV, epidemiology of disease, methods and indications for testing, and vaccination strategies.
Sphingolipids in the Root Play an Important Role in Regulating the Leaf Ionome in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sphingolipid synthesis is initiated by condensation of Ser with palmitoyl-CoA producing 3-ketodihydrosphinganine (3-KDS), which is reduced by a 3-KDS reductase to dihydrosphinganine. Ser palmitoyltransferase is essential for plant viability. Arabidopsis thaliana contains two genes (At3g06060/TSC10A and At5g19200/TSC10B) encoding proteins with significant similarity to the yeast 3-KDS reductase, Tsc10p. Heterologous expression in yeast of either Arabidopsis gene restored 3-KDS reductase activity to the yeast tsc10Δ mutant, confirming both as bona fide 3-KDS reductase genes. Consistent with sphingolipids having essential functions in plants, double mutant progeny lacking both genes were not recovered from crosses of single tsc10A and tsc10B mutants. Although the 3-KDS reductase genes are functionally redundant and ubiquitously expressed in Arabidopsis, 3-KDS reductase activity was reduced to 10% of wild-type levels in the loss-of-function tsc10a mutant, leading to an altered sphingolipid profile. This perturbation of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis tsc10a mutant leads an altered leaf ionome, including increases in Na, K, and Rb and decreases in Mg, Ca, Fe, and Mo. Reciprocal grafting revealed that these changes in the leaf ionome are driven by the root and are associated with increases in root suberin and alterations in Fe homeostasis.
M. tuberculosis induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9: the role of mannose and receptor-mediated mechanisms

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in mouse lungs. In cultured human monocytic cells, Mtb bacilli and the cell wall glycolipid li...
Is Corporate Disclosure Behavior Really Sticky

This study examines whether corporate disclosure behavior is “sticky” and if so, why. From the Company Issued Guidance database created by Thompson First Call, 1,085 firm-years in which a firm skips a year of earnings forecast are identified. Based on a logit analysis, three potential reasons for that skip are explored: 1) the company missed its earnings target in the prior year, 2) they experienced more earnings volatility than expected, and 3) they received incoming bad news. The results show that a firm is more likely to skip if it missed its earnings target by a large margin in the prior year. The results also suggest that this occurs in cases where a firm experiences higher earnings volatility. Incoming bad news is not a factor.
Factors which limit or constrain the development of medical data processing

This paper discusses the factors which may limit or constrain the developments of medical data processing. The needs of medical data processing in general are outlined as specific requirements in different areas. The major constraints have been found to be in the field of clinical patient care in relation to input of information to the system and lack of adequate data communication. There are also constraints in relation to lack of standardization of medical procedures and the difficulty of keeping data systems flexible.In general the successes of different projects in the administrative and individual laboratory areas have been appreciable. The difficulties of the development of large-scale information systems are presented and problems for the future outlined.Cet article discute les facteurs qui peuvent limiter le developpement de l'informatique medicale. Les besoins et les exigences de l'informatique sont mis en exergue dans les differents domaines de la medecine. Les contraintes les plus importantes s...
Product Innovation Management Training

Transferring technology from research and development laboratories to commercially feasible products can have a high economic impact. However, most people who work with technology transfer have little or no training in product marketing analysis. An experimental program examined the potential for a summer institute to use both technical and business students to analyze the feasibility of ideas generated by corporate scientists and engineers. Corporate support for faculty and students enabled participants from a consortium of universities to prioritize a group of new product ideas according to market potential. Benefits for both sponsor and participants are discussed.
Factors That Influence the Persistence and Success of Black Men in Urban Public Universities

Urban public universities play a critical role in the higher education enterprise. In this article, Strayhorn draws on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and semi-structured interview data to provide a national portrait comparing predominantly White and historically Black public universities, as well as identifying factors that influence the persistence and success of Black men in urban public universities. Findings suggest the importance of background traits, academic readiness, and the ways that urban public universities provide access, support systems, and close connections with communities for students and society. Implications for practice, policy, and research are included.
Strata correlation of triassic on Qiangtang basin in Qingzang plateau

Triassic strata distributes widely at Qiangtang basin in Qingzang plateau, and it is of various kinds and very complex. Through the detailed discussion of the lithstratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Ruolagangri and Dongbule mountain, northern Qiangtang basin, Xiyaergang zone (central uplift area) and southern Qiangtang basin from north to south., the new Triassic strata data have been obtained by the 400km-geology lines and sections, especially by the Triassic strata at the northern boundary of the basin. The conclusion is that Indosinian movement only affected the northern boundary and Xiyaergang zone of Qiangtang basin. The whole basin subsidences constantly and formed wide seafacies sedimentary series until the Norian and Rhaetian age of late Triassic.
Analysis on Related Factors of Imaging Manifestation and Etiology in Children Pneumonia

Objective To explore the different pathogen imaging findings of pneumonia in children and provide a basis for early diagnosis of pneumonia pathogens. Methods Pneumonia possitive image manifestations( x- ray,CT) and the etiological data were analyzed,summarized and classified for 673 cases of pneumonia positive comfirmed by laboratory etiological deteition. Results 193 cases had the main manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia: lobe,segment consolidation,167 cases of bronchial pneumonia; 62 cases with streptococcus pneumoniae mainly manifested by lobar,segmental consolidation; 33cases with staphylococcus aureus pneumonia glucose mainly manifested by lobe,segment consolidation,9 cases of lung abscess,pulmonary balloon formation in 23 cases,necrosis in 21 cases; E. coli pneumonia just imaging findings: 31 cases of bronchial pneumonia; Klebsiella pneumoniae mainly manifested by lobar lung consolidation,9 cases of lung abscess; 32cases with ADV pneumonia maily manifested by extensive pulmonary infiltrates; 28 cases with RSV syncytial virus pneumonia mainly manifested by bronchiolitis. Conclusion Pneumonias caused by different pathogens all have their obvious imaging characteristics,which can be taken as one of the most important evidences for early diagnosis of pneumonia pathogens.
Pulmonary hypertension is not an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the trauma population.

Recent studies have suggested that the presence of pulmonary hypertension (pHtn) on admission to the intensive care unit is an independent risk factor for mortality with one study estimating a 30 per cent mortality for patients with pulmonary hypertension requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and up to a 40 per cent 6-month mortality rate. 1 Patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation had a 100 per cent mortality rate. Actual rates of pulmonary hypertension are difficult to determine because few studies examine the pHtn rate in the general population. In patients who presented with previously undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 19 per cent of these patients were found to have previously undiagnosed pHtn. 2 Studies have also shown that pHtn is an independent risk factor for poor outcome after surgery or severe stress 3 because it is associated with higher early and late mortality rates after heart surgery, adverse cardiac events, and postoperative systolic dysfunction in the left ventricle. Severe pHtn (defined as systolic pulmonary artery pressure [sPAP] greater than 60 mmHg) is associated with increased mortality, increased length of ICU stay, increased mechanical ventilation, increased inotropic support requirements, and increased renal/ hepatic/pericardial complications. The goal of this study is to evaluate the incidence of pHtn in the trauma population and to assess whether the presence of pHtn is a negative prognostic indicator for the trauma patient. Under Institutional Review Board approval, the records of all patients aged 18 to 80 years who were
Script Independent Word Spotting in Multilingual Documents.

This paper describes a method for script independent word spotting in multilingual handwritten and machine printed documents. The system accepts a query in the form of text from the user and returns a ranked list of word images from document image corpus based on similarity with the query word. The system is divided into two main components. The first component known as Indexer, performs indexing of all word images present in the document image corpus. This is achieved by extracting Moment Based features from word images and storing them as index. A template is generated for keyword spotting which stores the mapping of a keyword string to its corresponding word image which is used for generating query feature vector. The second component, Similarity Matcher, returns a ranked list of word images which are most similar to the query based on a cosine similarity metric. A manual Relevance feedback is applied based on Rocchio’s formula, which re-formulates the query vector to return an improved ranked listing of word images. The performance of the system is seen to be superior on printed text than on handwritten text. Experiments are reported on documents of three different languages: English, Hindi and Sanskrit. For handwritten English, an average precision of 67% was obtained for 30 query words. For machine printed Hindi, an average precision of 71% was obtained for 75 query words and for Sanskrit, an average precision of 87% with 100 queries was obtained. Figure 1: A Sample English Document Spotted Query word shown in the bounding box.
A Secular Increase in the Equity Risk Premium

There is an increasing consensus that global ‘excess saving’ has contributed to a reduction in equilibrium real interest rates. While economists dispute the extent of the decline, few now question that a decline has taken place or that excess saving has played a causal role. A key implication of this narrative is a decline in yields of all assets, including but not restricted to government bond yields. Yet, since the turn of the century, yields on global equity have risen. A complementary explanation is that there has been an increase in the global equity risk premium (ERP), which has simultaneously pushed risk-free yield curves lower and equity yields higher. Applying a sign restrictions approach, I find that excess savings shocks were the predominant force affecting global real bond yields between the mid-1980s and 2000 but that ‘risk premium’ shocks have accounted for more of the decline in real bond yields since 2000.
Hole-mobility-limiting atomic structures in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

In this work we aim to connect atomic structure to observed mobility through a series of experiments, leveraging computational simulations to correlate atomic-level phenomena with empirical mobility trends, providing insight into the shifting regimes of prevalent defects. The work is conducted in three main thrusts: First, through experimental measurements of a-Si:H hole mobility over a wide range of deposition conditions, we correlate the mobility with independent measurements of film intrinsic stress, and hydrogen concentration and bonding configuration. We show that the peak mobility values occur at moderately compressive values of stress, away from theextremaofeitherhydrogenbondingconcentration.Second, by extending our previous computational study of structural defects in a-Si:H to include variations in both biaxial stress and hydrogen concentration, we are able to hypothesize on the sources of defects in the various experimental conditions of the material, as well as design experiments to validate thesetheories.Finally,wedeconvolutethestressandhydrogen contents in our as-deposited films and thereby provide experimental evidence to corroborate our computational theories as to the dominant defects and their sources in the continuum of experimental samples produced.
Simultaneous Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of the β-Lactam Antibiotics Cefazolin, Cefadroxil, Cephalexin, Ampicillin, and Cephradine in Solution

A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of nanogram quantities of 5 broad-spectrum structurally related beta-lactam antibiotics (cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin, cephradine, and ampicillin) in solution. The method uses a C18 reversed-phase column, UV absorption (240 nm) detection, and an aqueous mobile phase containing isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid. Relative resolution between the antibiotic peaks ranged from 1.7 to 5.9 for all peaks. Chromatographic retention times were 2.97, 3.92, 4.57, 5.37, and 6.56 min for cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin, ampicillin, and cephradine, respectively. Accuracy, precision, linearity, and long term analytical reproducibility were determined by statistical analysis. Use of the proposed method to evaluate the degradation of cephradine solutions stored at room temperature illustrated its potential as a stability-indicating assay.
Benchmarks for Outpatient Dialectical Behavioral Therapy in Adults with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Purpose:This article provides benchmark data on within-group effect sizes from published randomized clinical trials supporting the efficacy of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) for borderline pe...
Composition Modulations in Solid Solutions

Most crystalline solids contain various atomic or molecular species which may substitute for one another on lattice sites. Kence, in any solid solution, site occupation can be regarded as composition-modulated. To describe the state of order of a crystalline phase, one must therefore find a suitable mathematical formulation for its composition modulation. It is further desirable not only to describe the state of order, but also to predict it, or at least to determine theoretically the change of order, long-range (LRO) or short-range (SRO), with respect to temperature, pressure, or average composition (or chemical potential). In this paper, a technique will be presented which accomplishes both tasks rather well, i.e. those of description and of prediction: the Cluster Variation Method (CVM). The CVM was initially proposed by Kikuchi(1) as a hierarchy of statistical mechanical approximations to solve the classical Ising model. The mathematical apparatus was subsequently improved upon by Kikuchi and co-workers(2,3), by Barker(4), Hijmans and De Boer(5) and more recently by Sanchez and co-workers(6–10)
NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF OXYGEN RADICALS IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

uring the past few decades, a large body of experimental data has accumulated indicating that the biological reduction of molecular oxygen could yield dangerously reactive free radical intermediates (Fridovich, 1986). In mammalian cells, various subcellular membranous structures and cytosolic compartments are sites of production of oxygen radicals (Freeman and Crapo, 1982). It has been demonstrated that about 2 to 5% of the electron flow in isolated brain mitochondria goes to produce superoxide (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Boveris and Chance, 1973). Under normal metabolic conditions, these oxygen radicals formed by mitochondria and other sources are constantly scavenged by endogenous enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase, glutathione peroxidase, etc.) and antioxidants (vitamin E, glutathione, vitamin C, etc.). However, pathological insults, such as ischemia and reperfusion, cause perturbation of this defense mechanisms and the overproduction of oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation (Chan, 1988; Demopoulos et al., 1982; Flamm et al., 1978; Kogure et al., 1982). Moreover, the release of free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from phospholipids of damaged membranes also contributes to the formation of oxygen radicals (Kuehl and Egan, 1980; Samuelsson, 1983). The pathological role of these oxygen radicals in central nervous system (CNS) ischemia and injury is not completely clear. The purpose of this chapter is to review the current status of the involvement of oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation in CNS injury.
PET Findings in Tuberous Sclerosis

The clinical role of positron emission tomography (PET) was evaluated in 23 children with tuberous sclerosis complex examined at the Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
Asynchronous InGaAsP Geiger-Mode APD Cameras With Free-Running Pixel Operation

We describe 32x32 Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode focal plane arrays (FPAs) with single-photon sensitive pixels and asynchronous free-running operation. These FPAs support direct detection and coherent LIDAR imaging and other applications such as free-space optical communications. Article not available.
Revision of Cyclocaccus Sharp (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae)

Abstract Cyclocaccus Sharp is a Neotropical genus comprising three previously described species from Central America. We recognize three species-groups within the genus, redescribe previously described species, and describe 12 new species, bringing the total to 15 species as follow: the Cyclocaccus laeticulus species-group includes C. clinei Hisamatsu, new species, C. laeticulus Sharp, 1891, C. speciosus Hisamatsu, new species, C. monticola Sharp, 1891, C. costaricensis Hisamatsu, new species, C. maculatus Hisamatsu, new species, and C. epakros Hisamatsu, new species; the Cyclocaccus brevicollis species-group includes C. brevicollis Sharp, 1891, C. oenorubens Hisamatsu, new species, and C. pantherinus Hisamatsu, new species; and the Cyclocaccus morulus species-group includes C. lescheni Hisamatsu, new species, C. stonyx Hisamatsu, new species, C. morulus Hisamatsu, new species, C. smileyeyes Hisamatsu, new species, and C. intermediatus Hisamatsu, new species. All species are described or redescribed. Dors...
Gas-flow distribution in bubbling fluidized beds: CFD-based analysis and impact of operating conditions

Abstract Gas-flow distribution plays a critical role in the performance of fluidized beds because it directly affects gas residence-time and solids mixing. However, measuring it accurately in the harsh conditions of larger reactors is not possible. Therefore, this study is focused on the development of a rigorous computational framework for quantifying gas-flow distribution during fluidization. To this end, fine-grid simulations are conducted for the bubbling fluidization of two distinct Geldart B particles - 1.15 mm LLDPE and 0.50 mm glass particles, at superficial gas velocities U/Umf = 2 and 3 in a 50 cm diameter bed. The two-fluid model (TFM) is employed to describe the solids motion efficiently and in-house developed tool MS3DATA (Multiphase-flow Statistics using 3D Detection and Tracking Algorithm) to compute detailed bubble statistics. The overall gas flow is divided into three phases: (a) dense flow in areas relatively rich is solids concentration (b) “visible” bubble flow associated with rising bubbles and (c) throughflow accounting for the gas flow which mostly bypasses through bubbles. It is found that conditions within the dense-phase depend largely on the particle properties while bubbling dynamics are significantly affected by superficial gas velocity. Calculations show that the throughflow increases in areas frequented by bubbles because the voidage distribution around bubbles increases the local dense-phase permeability. Throughflow may account for up to 40% of the overall gas flow, especially in the fluidization of large particles. This is not desirable because its residence-time is almost 2 × shorter (as compared to the dense flow) and contributes minimally to solids mixing. Finally, it is shown that in comparison to lab-scales, larger beds exhibit more homogeneous gas mixing. Insights from this study and the methodology developed will be useful in investigating gas flow distribution in complex fuel conversion systems.
Meta-Optical Chirality and Emergent Eigen-polarization Modes via Plasmon Interactions

The response of an individual meta-atom is often generalized to explain the collective response of a metasurface in a manner that neglects the interactions between meta-atoms. Here, we study a metasurface composed of tilted achiral meta-atoms with no spatial variation of the unit cell that derives appreciable optical chirality solely from the asymmetric interactions between meta-atoms. The interactions between meta-atoms are considered to stem from the Lorentz force arising from the Larmor radiation of adjacent plasmonic resonators because their inclusion in a simple model accurately predicts the bonding/anti- bonding modes that are measured experimentally. We also experimentally observe the emergence of multiple polarization eigenmodes, among other polarization-dependent responses, which cannot be modeled with the conventional formalism of transmission matrices. Our results are vital to the precise characterization and design of metasurfaces.
The utility of MR enhancement as a noninvasive predictor for high-grade histology in patients with progressive low-grade gliomas: Is histology needed to guide therapy?

2098 Background: In patients with low-grade gliomas, pathologic grade at time of progression has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Whether surrogate radiographic variables such as ...
HaptEQ: A Collaborative Tool For Visually Impaired Audio Producers

Audio production includes processing audio tracks to adjust sound levels with tools like compressors and modifying the sound with reverberation and equalization. In this paper, we focus on audio equalizers. We seek to make a tactile interface that lets blind or visually impaired users create an equalization curve in an intuitive manner. This interface should also promote collaboration between blind and sighted users. Our primary goals were to make something easy to install and intuitively understandable for both sighted and blind users. The result of this research is the HaptEQ system.
Strategic knowledge management in a digital environment: Tacit and explicit knowledge in Fab Labs

Abstract Fab Labs are places of learning through the exchange of knowledge among its members. They allow to leverage innovation using technological resources available in the space, stimulating the creativity of its participants and enabling the development of products and solutions based on personal projects from ideation, or the construction supported on knowledge developed by other elements collaboratively, enhancing the result. It'll be described how users learn with others in Fab Labs, which are laboratories of digital fabrication, serving as prototyping platforms of physical objects, with broad educational, social and economic advantages. Its users can leverage their imagination and develop sustainable, social, local, economic innovative solutions to solve real problems, supported by tacit and explicit knowledge transfer. Seven semi structured interviews were performed with the Fab Managers of one Portuguese Lab, one Spanish Lab, one French Lab, one Italian Lab, and three Brazilian Labs. Interesting findings characterized the researched environments.
Architectural Risk

Designing a system involves taking on risk that a design will fail to meet its performance goals. While risk assessment and management are typically treated as independent to questions of performance, they are more tightly linked than one might expect. A risk-minimizing and performance-optimizing design might not be the same, and new techniques to help make smarter choices between the two are needed. Surprisingly, even simple performance/risk tradeoffs are nearly impossible to reason about with intuition alone.