cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Fluid Therapy for Children with Meningitis with Consideration of the Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone:

A review of 85 children with meningitis admitted to the University Children's Hospital at Hermann Hospital revealed that only six patients (7%) had sufficient clinical and laboratory evidence to be compatible with the diagnosis of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). This is in contrast with various communications in the pediatric literature that have reported an association between the two conditions of as high as 85%. Hyponatremia (serum sodium 135 mEq/ L) was observed in 27 (32%), but neither the initial laboratory data nor the subsequent follow-up data supported the diagnosis of SIADH. Moderate to severe dehydration was documented in 16 patients (19%) and suspected in more than 50% of the cases (serial weight determinations indicating an increase in weight from admission to discharge). Although the incidence of neurologic sequelae in this series was not influenced significantly by the presence or absence of hyponatremia, SIADH, or fluid restriction, the numbers are still small. Bas...
Reconfigurable computing: a survey of systems and software

Due to its potential to greatly accelerate a wide variety of applications, reconfigurable computing has become a subject of a great deal of research. Its key feature is the ability to perform computations in hardware to increase performance, while retaining much of the flexibility of a software solution. In this survey, we explore the hardware aspects of reconfigurable computing machines, from single chip architectures to multi-chip systems, including internal structures and external coupling. We also focus on the software that targets these machines, such as compilation tools that map high-level algorithms directly to the reconfigurable substrate. Finally, we consider the issues involved in run-time reconfigurable systems, which reuse the configurable hardware during program execution.
Balanced SSFP-like steady-state imaging using small-tip fast recovery with a spectral prewinding pulse

Purpose Small-tip fast recovery (STFR) imaging has been proposed recently as a potential alternative to balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP). STFR relies on a tailored “tip-up” radio-frequency pulse to achieve comparable signal level as bSSFP, but with reduced banding artifacts and transient oscillations, and is compatible with magnetization-preparation pulses. Previous STFR implementations used two-dimensional or three-dimensional pulses spatially tailored to the accumulated phase calculated from a B0 field map, making the steady-state STFR signal contain some T2* weighting. Here, we propose to replace the spatially tailored pulse with a recently introduced spectrally selective “pre-winding” pulse that is precomputed to a target frequency range. The proposed “spectral-STFR” sequence produces T2/T1-weighted images similar to bSSFP, but with reduced banding and potentially other benefits. Theory and Methods We investigated the steady-state signal properties of spectral-STFR using simulations, and phantom and human volunteer experiments. Results Our simulation and experimental results showed that the spectral-STFR sequence has similar signal level and tissue contrast as bSSFP, but has a wider passband and more consistent banding profiles across different tissues (e.g., less hyperintense signal at band edges for low flip angles). Care is needed in designing the spectral radio-frequency pulse to ensure that the small tip angle approximation holds during radio-frequency transmission. Conclusion Spectral-STFR has similar tissue contrast as bSSFP but a wider passband and more consistent cerebrospinal fluid/brain tissue contrast across the passband. The spectral-STFR sequence is a potential alternative to bSSFP in some applications. Compared to a spatially tailored STFR sequence, spectral-STFR can be precomputed, is easier to implement in practice, and potentially has more uniform image contrast and minimal T2* weighting. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intermediate phases in mixed nematic/Heisenberg spin models

We prove that in three or higher dimensions, an isotropic, ferromagnetic, nearest-neighbour perturbation of an O(N) nematic liquid crystal model has an intermediate phase. In this intermediate phase, the liquid crystal order parameter is non-zero but the spontaneous magnetization is zero while at low temperatures, these systems exhibit magnetization.
IgE signaling suppresses FcεRIβ expression

Activation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FcepsilonRI, is known to elicit its rapid down-regulation through internalization and degradation. In keeping with this, expression of all three FcepsilonRI subunits is decreased at the protein level after cross-linkage of IgE with antigen. However, we find that the FcepsilonRI beta-subunit is also selectively suppressed at the mRNA level, through a pathway primarily involving Fyn, Syk, PI3K, and NF-kappaB. IgG or calcium ionophore, stimuli known to mimic portions of the IgE signaling cascade, similarly suppressed beta-subunit expression. LPS, a NF-kappaB-activating TLR ligand, did not alter beta-subunit expression. As IgE increases FcepsilonRI expression, we examined the coordinated regulation of FcepsilonRI subunits during culture with IgE, followed by cross-linkage with antigen. IgE increased the expression of all three FcepsilonRI subunits and strikingly induced expression of the antagonistic beta(T). The ratio of beta:beta(T) protein expression decreased significantly during culture with IgE and was reset to starting levels by antigen cross-linkage. These changes in protein levels were matched by similar fluctuations in beta and beta(T) mRNAs. FcepsilonRIbeta is a key regulator of IgER expression and function, a gene in which polymorphisms correlate with allergic disease prevalence. The ability of IgE and FcepsilonRI signaling to coordinate expression of the beta and beta(T) subunits may comprise a homeostatic feedback loop-one that could promote chronic inflammation and allergic disease if dysregulated.
Assessing children's appraisals of security in the family system: the development of the Security in the Family System (SIFS) scales.

Background: Although delineating the processes by which children appraise the family as a source of security from their collective experiences in the family subsystem has assumed center stage in many conceptualizations of child development, the dearth of measures of child adaptation in the family system has hindered empirical advances. Therefore, this study introduced and tested the psychometric properties of the Security in the Family System (SIFS) scales, a new measure designed to assess children’s appraisals of security in their family as a whole. Methods: The SIFS was administered to 853 10–15-year-old schoolchildren and readministered to a smaller subsample two weeks later. Additional data was gathered from children, caregivers and teachers using a variety of instruments tapping family instability, cohesion, and conflict; parenting warmth and psychological control; child externalizing and internalizing symptoms; parent–child and interparental insecurity; and children’s reactions to conflict simulations. Results: Consistent with models of emotional security in the family, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded three reliable (i.e., good internal consistency, test–retest reliability) dimensions of family security: Preoccupation, Security, and Disengagement. Concurrent and prospective associations between the SIFS scales and measures of family functioning, children’s psychological problems, and insecurity in specific family relationships supported the validity of the SIFS. Support for the discriminant validity of the SIFS was evidenced by its specific patterns of relations with children’s psychological problems and ability to predict psychological problems after controlling for insecurity in specific family subsystems. Conclusions: Results indicate that the SIFS is a psychometrically sound tool capable of advancing family process models, and that family security is a viable construct whose factors parallel already-identified patterns of children’s security in other family relationships. Keywords: Attachment, family factors, child development, adolescence, assessment, psychometrics, factor analysis.
Informative subspaces for audio-visual processing: High-level function from low-level fusion

We propose a new probabilistic model of single source multi-modal generation, and show algorithms for maximizing mutual information which find correspondences between signal components. We show a nonparametric method for finding informative subspaces that captures complex statistical relationships between different modalities. We extend a previous subspace method to include new priors on the projection weights, yielding more robust results. Applied to human speakers, our model finds a relationship between audio speech and video of facial motion, and partially segments background events in both channels. We present new results on the problem of audio-visual verification, and show how the audio and video of a speaker can be matched without a prior model of the speaker's voice or appearance.
Evidence for a wavier jet stream in response to rapid Arctic warming

New metrics and evidence are presented that support a linkage between rapid Arctic warming, relative to Northern hemisphere mid-latitudes, and more frequent high-amplitude (wavy) jet-stream configurations that favor persistent weather patterns. We find robust relationships among seasonal and regional patterns of weaker poleward thickness gradients, weaker zonal upper-level winds, and a more meridional flow direction. These results suggest that as the Arctic continues to warm faster than elsewhere in response to rising greenhouse-gas concentrations, the frequency of extreme weather events caused by persistent jet-stream patterns will increase.
Antifungal and Antiviral Agents: A Review

(1999). Antifungal and Antiviral Agents: A Review. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 145-152.
How the Sufficiency Minimum Becomes a Social Maximum

This article argues that, under likely empirical conditions, sufficientarianism leads not to an easily achievable duty to maintain a social minimum but to the onerous duty of maintaining a social maximum at the sufficiency level. This happens because sufficientarians ask us to give no weight at all to small benefits for people above the sufficiency level if the alternative is to relieve the suffering of people below it. If we apply this judgment in a world where there are rare diseases and hard-to-prevent accidents that cause people to fall below the sufficiency threshold, all of our discretionary spending will have to be devoted to bringing harder and harder cases up to sufficiency. Nothing will be left for anyone to consume above the sufficiency level.
Between Democracy and Revolution: Peasant Support for Insurgency versus Democracy in Nepal:

The Maoist insurgency in Nepal presents an anomaly for students of civil war and democratic transitions. How was the Maoist wing of the Nepal Communist Party able to mobilize peasants to support their insurgency when they could not mobilize enough peasants to vote for them in elections? The authors address these questions by exploring the ways in which the persistence of traditional clientelist networks in the countryside enabled rural elites to mobilize peasants to vote for parties other than the Maoist party, even though peasants would have benefited from that party’s advocacy for land reform. When that same party used insurgent violence against rural elites, peasants were willing and able to support the insurgency and abstain from voting in the 1999 election in locales where the insurgency succeeded in disrupting clientelist ties. The authors test these arguments with district-level data on election turnout and the distribution of households among several land-tenure categories. Findings support the argument that turnout was greater where land-tenure patterns gave landed elite greater influence over peasant political behavior. Where higher levels of insurgent violence disrupted patterns of clientelist dependency, turnout declined. What electoral democracy could not deliver to peasants – land reform and relief from clientelist dependency – the Maoist insurgency promised to bring through political violence.
Neurocognitive effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder

OBJECTIVE: Newer antipsychotic drugs have shown promise in ameliorating neurocognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia, but few studies have compared newer antipsychotic drugs with both clozapine and conventional agents, particularly in patients who have had suboptimal response to prior treatments. METHOD: The authors examined the effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on 16 measures of neurocognitive functioning in a double-blind, 14-week trial involving 101 patients. A global score was computed along with scores in four neurocognitive domains: memory, attention, motor function, and general executive and perceptual organization. RESULTS: Global neurocognitive function improved with olanzapine and risperidone treatment, and these improvements were superior to those seen with haloperidol. Patients treated with olanzapine exhibited improvement in the general and attention domains but not more than that observed with other treatments. Patients treated with risperidone exhibite...
Creating Access to the General Curriculum With Links to Grade-Level Content for Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities An Explication of the Concept

Current federal policy requires that students with disabilities participate in large-scale assessments and be included in schools' scores for adequate yearly progress. Students with significant cognitive disabilities may participate in an alternate assessment with alternate achievement standards, but these standards must be linked to grade-level content and promote access to the general curriculum. Because most research with this population has focused on nonacademic life skills, few guidelines exist for teaching and assessing skills that are linked to grade-level content. One challenge to developing research and practice in grade-linked academic content for students with significant cognitive disabilities is the absence of a clear conceptual framework. This article—developed by a team of special education, curriculum content, and measurement experts—proposes a conceptual definition and criteria for linking instruction and assessment to grade-level academic content.
Synapse Loss and Regeneration: A Mechanism for Functional Decline and Recovery after Cerebral Ischemia?

Little is known of the mechanisms governing functional recovery after ischemic brain injury, and there is no clinical therapy established to restore neurologic function after ischemic injury is complete. Even so, pronounced spontaneous recovery of function is often observed in a subset of patients. Resolution of neurological deficits after ischemia must occur through replacement of lost tissue via production of new neurons, or through changes in the structure, function, or connectivity of surviving neurons. This review focuses on the neuronal synapse as a potential locus for functional recovery. Selective disruption of synaptic elements is a characteristic feature of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, such as that seen in ischemic stroke or cardiac arrest. Ischemic damage to synapses occurs even in the absence of neuronal loss, and therefore might underlie the clinical disability observed in patients following mild or transient ischemia. We review evidence that recovery of lost synapses occurs after ischemic ...
Profiles of Service Utilization and the Resultant Economic Impact in Preschoolers With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective To examine whether preschool children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) utilize more speech and language therapy (ST), occupational therapy (OT), and physical therapy (PT) services and are more likely to be placed in special education (SPED) classrooms as compared to their peers. Corresponding financial consequences were also examined. Methods The amount of ST, OT, and PT, as well as SPED placements, was examined in 3- and 4-year-old children with and without ADHD (n ¼ 109 and n ¼ 97, respectively) during the baseline portion of an ongoing, 5-year longitudinal study. Costs for individual services and aggregate cost were determined per child and compared across groups. Results Preschool children with ADHD were more likely to receive individual and multiple services. Higher rates of service utilization translated into increased costs for each individual service with the exception of PT. Conclusions A comprehensive understanding of service utilization in the early years of development is important in addressing the increased service use in the preschool years and assist in guiding allocation of resources.
Characteristics of the on-orbit background of the Chandra x-ray observatory high-resolution camera

The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) High Resolution Camera (HRC) is a microchannel plate (MCP) based X-ray detector with heritage from similar detectors flown on the Einstein and ROSAT missions. The HRC consists of two detectors in a common housing. Improvements from the previous instruments include: fabricating the MCP from 'low-noise' glass (glass that contains a reduced level of radioactive isotopes) and surrounding the detector housing on five sides with an active coincidence detector. Both of these improvements help to maximize the X-ray signal to background noise ratio. The on-orbit background is dominated by cosmic ray and solar-wind particles. The temporal behavior of the background has two parts: a quiescent level and a flaring component. The quiescent level slowly changes with time and is correlated with the high-energy particle flux as measured by the Electron Proton Helium Instrument (EPHIN), the CXO radiation detector. The flaring component is associated with times of elevated low-energy particle flux, primarily from the Sun. A combination of on-board vetoing and filtering during ground processing provides a substantial rejection of the non-X-ray background. This work was supported by NASA contract NAS8-39073 to the Chandra X-ray Center.
Spontaneous rat malignant tumors of fibrohistiocytic origin: an ultrastructural study.

The ultrastructural features of a spontaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma and three malignant histiocytomas in Sprague-Dawley rats are described. The ultrastructural features of the malignant histiocytomas (or histiocytic sarcomas) support origin from cells of the monocyte series. The histogenesis of more fibrous tumors (fibrous histiocytomas) remains uncertain.
A cross-layer defense scheme for countering traffic analysis attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

In most Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications the sensors forward their readings to a central sink or base station (BS). The unique role of the BS makes it a natural target for an adversary's attack. Even if a WSN employs conventional security mechanisms such as encryption and authentication, an adversary may apply traffic analysis techniques to locate the BS. This motivates a significant need for improved BS anonymity to protect the identity, role, and location of the BS. Published anonymity-boosting techniques mainly focus on a single layer of the communication protocol stack and assume that changes in the protocol operation will not be detectable. In fact, existing single-layer techniques may not be able to protect the network if the adversary could guess what anonymity measure is being applied by identifying which layer is being exploited. In this paper we propose combining physical-layer and network-layer techniques to boost the network resilience to anonymity attacks. Our cross-layer approach avoids the shortcomings of the individual single-layer schemes and allows a WSN to effectively mask its behavior and simultaneously misdirect the adversary's attention away from the BS's location. We confirm the effectiveness of our cross-layer anti-traffic analysis measure using simulation.
Search Friction and Vertical Differentiation: An Analysis of Consumer Behavior in the Television Market

This paper examines consumers search behavior in the market for 3D enabled high definition televisions (3D HDTV). Utilizing Wildenbeest (2011)’s methodology, I study price dispersion in a vertically differentiated market and individually identify the effects of search friction and product differentiation on price. I estimate that 62.9% of the price variation in this market is explained by search friction with the rest being attributable to vertical differentiation. Further, I find that the search intensity in this market is relatively low; I estimate that 67% of consumers only search one store while just 8% of consumers search all the stores. In the 3D HDTV market search frictions are relatively more important than vertical differentiation in explaining the degree of price dispersion.
Oligonucleotide sequences in wheat germ phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid.

The oligonucleotides produced by complete digestion of wheat germ phenylalanine transfer RNA (tRNAPhe) with pancreatic ribonuclease and ribonuclease T1 have been separated and the sequences of the nucleotides in them determined. The results of the two analyses are in agreement. Wheat germ tRNAPhe consists of 76 nucleotides, including 14 residues of 10 minor nucleotides.
A computer-based servo system for controlling isotonic contractions of muscle

We have developed a computer-based servo system for controlling isotonic releases in muscle. This system is a composite of commercially available devices: an IBM personal computer, an analog-to-digital (A/D) board, an Akers AE801 force transducer, and a Cambridge Technology motor. The servo loop controlling the force clamp is generated by computer via the A/D board, using a program written in QuickBASIC 4.5. Results are shown that illustrate the ability of the system to clamp the force generated by either skinned cardiac trabeculae or single rabbit psoas fibers down to the resolution of the force transducer within 4 ms. This rate is independent of the level of activation of the tissue and the size of the load imposed during the release. The key to the effectiveness of the system consists of two algorithms that are described in detail. The first is used to calculate the error signal to hold force to the desired level. The second algorithm is used to calculate the appropriate gain of the servo for a particular fiber and the size of the desired load to be imposed. The results show that the described computer-based method for controlling isotonic releases in muscle represents a good compromise between simplicity and performance and is an alternative to the custom-built digital/analog servo devices currently being used in studies of muscle mechanics.
Hansen's disease, cell-mediated immunity, and recombinant lymphokines.

Here were describe our current knowledge of the cells involved in generating a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, their role in modifying the cutaneous environment of the leprosy bacillus, and the molecular factors responsible for the recruitment and antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the emigrating cells of the dermal infiltrate
Notice, Consent, and Non-Consent: Employee Privacy in the Restatement

Privacy claims necessarily entail two determinations. First, the domains protected by privacy must be identified. What spaces, or thoughts, or data are legally protected as “private”? Second, what does it mean when something is within a domain protected as private? What limitations does that impose on others and to what extent can the privacy holder consent to waive her privacy protections?Both of these determinations are especially fraught when the issue is employee privacy. Employers have a great deal of control over the domains an employee can legitimately consider to be private. And when a domain is determined to be “private,” employers have many ways to encourage employees to waive any privacy protections.The American Law Institute recently completed an effort to “restate” the common law of employment. This paper closely examines the Restatement of Employment Law’s treatment of employee privacy. On the domains protected as private, the Restatement confers considerable authority on employers to expand and, more troublingly, to limit employee privacy rights. On the ability of employees to waive their privacy rights, the Restatement provides some new and innovative protections, but fails to emphasize the centrality of consent to the privacy regime.
Design and Realization for Reform of Hydrologic Remote Measurement System in Zhelin Hydropower Plant

Based on the project of hydrologic remote measurement system in Zhelin hydropower plant and engineering experience,the design and realization of reform solution for automatic stations,central station,database,data communication,and graphic report are introduced.The method of equipment reforms and the process of analysis are proposed,the skills of reform of hydrologic remote measurement system to the function realization and programming are described in detail.The field application shows that the data reliability reaches 100%,the reform solution is stable.
Oxygen-induced changes in protein synthesis and cell proliferation in cultured lung slices.

Elevated fractions of inspired O2 induce significant remodeling of the airways and vasculature of the lung. The present study was undertaken to determine the direct effects of altered levels of O2 on protein synthesis and cell proliferation in lung tissue cultured in vitro. Rat lungs were inflated with low-melt agarose, cut transversely into 1-mm sections, and cultured in a serum-free medium for up to 7 days in the presence of 10, 21, 40, or 70% O2. Tissue structure integrity was maintained as assessed by light and electron microscopy. Fractional synthesis rates (FSR, %protein/day) of soluble protein from cultured lung homogenates demonstrated an O2 concentration-dependent response. Tissue cultured in the presence of 70% O2 exhibited the highest FSR. The FSR of tissue cultured in 21 or 40% O2 did not differ and demonstrated FSR values greater than tissue cultured in 10% O2. Cell proliferation was assessed histologically in parenchymal gas-exchange regions of lung slices cultured in the presence of 5-bromo-29-deoxyuridine. Labeling indexes for tissue cultured in 21, 40, or 70% indicated an O2-dependent increase in cell proliferation after 3 days in culture followed by a return to baseline levels after 7 days. Tissue cultured in the presence of 10% O2 showed no change in cell proliferation over time. The data indicate a direct influence of O2 on lung cell growth and proliferation. Additionally, these studies show that this in vitro model may be suitable for further understanding of the mechanistic basis involved in proliferative events during lung injury.
Changing the Playing (or Reading) Field: Reconceptualizing Motherhood Through Humorous Parenting Texts

In June 2012, Star magazine ran a magazine cover in which celebrity mothers holding their young children were captured, unbeknownst to them, in photographs. The headline running across these photos reads: ‘Star Report Card: Best and Worst Moms!’1 Below this are questions meant to entice the reader to purchase the magazine to find out more about how these celebrity moms measure up to one another: ‘Who chooses booze over storytime? Who lets her kid smoke? Who hasn’t seen her son for months?’
Postpartum Domestic Violence in Homes With Young Children: The Role of Maternal and Paternal Drinking.

There has been limited investigation of mothers’ drinking patterns and their experience of domestic abuse while parenting young children, especially in the context of co-resident fathers’ drinking....
Molecular and Kinetic Characterization of Planktonic Nitrospira spp. Selectively Enriched from Activated Sludge

Nitrospira spp. are chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), which are ubiquitous in natural and engineered environments. However, there exist few independent biokinetic studies on Nitrospira spp., likely because their isolation and selective enrichment from environmental consortia such as activated sludge can be challenging. Herein, planktonic Nitrospira spp. cultures closely related to Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii (Nitrospira lineage I) were successfully enriched from activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor by maintaining sustained limiting extant nitrite and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Morphologically, the enrichment consisted largely of planktonic cells with an average characteristic diameter of 1.3 ± 0.6 μm. On the basis of respirometric assays, estimated maximum specific growth rate (μmax), nitrite half saturation coefficient (KS), oxygen half saturation coefficient (KO), and biomass yield coefficient (Y) of the enriched cultures were 0.69 ± 0.10 d–1, 0.52 ± 0.14 mg-N/L,...
Top Management Teams and Corporate Political Activity

Corporate Political Activity (CPA) has become an increasingly prevalent and essential nonmarket strategic action available to firms. However, research has yet to gain an understanding of the role o...
Stampede 2: The Evolution of an XSEDE Supercomputer

The Stampede 1 supercomputer was a tremendous success as an XSEDE resource, providing more than eight million successful computational simulations and data analysis jobs to more than ten thousand users. In addition, Stampede 1 introduced new technology that began to move users towards many core processors. As Stampede 1 reaches the end of its production life, it is being replaced in phases by a new supercomputer, Stampede 2, that will not only take up much of the original system's workload, but continue the bridge to technologies on the path to exascale computing. This paper provides a brief summary of the experiences of Stampede 1, and details the design and architecture of Stampede 2. Early results are presented from a subset of Intel Knights Landing nodes that are bridging between the two systems.
Mobility of Aqueous and Colloidal Neptunium Species in Field Lysimeter Experiments

Due to its radiotoxicity, long half-life, and potentially high environmental mobility, neptunium transport is of paramount importance for risk assessment and safety. Environmental transport of neptunium through field lysimeters at the Savannah River Site was observed from both oxidized (Np(V)) and reduced (Np(IV)) source materials. While transport from oxidized neptunium sources was expected, the unexpected transport from reduced neptunium sources spurred further investigation into transport mechanisms. Partial oxidation of the reduced neptunium source resulted in significant release and transport into the mobile aqueous phase, though a reduced colloidal neptunium species appears to have also been present, enhancing neptunium mobility over shorter distances. These field and laboratory experiments demonstrate the multiple controls on neptunium vadose zone transport and chemical behavior, as well as the need for thorough understanding of radionuclide source terms for long-term risk prediction.
Perceived vulnerability moderates the relations between the use of protective behavioral strategies and alcohol use and consequences among high-risk young adults.

Drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been associated with reductions in alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences in young adults. PBS subscales, Limiting/Stopping (LS), Manner of Drinking (MOD), and Serious Harm Reduction (SHR), have been examined in the literature; LS, MOD, and SHR have mixed support as protective factors. Understanding moderators between PBS and alcohol use and related consequences is an important development in PBS research in order to delineate when and for whom PBS use is effective in reducing harm from alcohol use. Perceptions of vulnerability to negative consequences, included in health-risk models, may be one such moderator. The current study examined whether two types of perceived vulnerability (perceived vulnerability when drinking; perceived vulnerability in uncomfortable/unfamiliar situations) moderated the relations between LS, MOD, SHR strategies and alcohol use and related negative consequences. High-risk young adults (N = 400; 53.75% female) recruited nationally completed measures of PBS, alcohol use and related consequences, and measures of perceived vulnerability. Findings demonstrated that perceived vulnerability when drinking moderated the relations between MOD strategies and alcohol use. The interactions between perceived vulnerability when drinking and PBS did not predict alcohol-related consequences. Perceived vulnerability in unfamiliar/uncomfortable social situations moderated relations between MOD strategies and both alcohol use and related negative consequences; no other significant interactions emerged. Across both perceived vulnerability types and MOD strategies, those with the highest levels of perceived vulnerability and who used MOD strategies the most had the greatest decrements in alcohol use and related negative consequences. Prevention and intervention implications are discussed.
Can the Process of Architectural Design Review Withstand Constitutional Scrutiny

In his dissent from the majority in City of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent (466 U.S. 789, 1984), Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., cited the opening statement of a law review article by New York University law professor John J. Costonis:.
Special Issue on the AMCIS 2001 Workshops: Demonstrating the Database Client Environment through Oracle Developer

This paper reports on a workshop held at AMCIS2001 to address configuration and pedagogical issues with Oracle tools as discussed by database faculty at prior conferences. This workshop demonstrates simple configurations for off-campus access to a database server, Oracle Developer basics and projects that have worked well with my courses.
Disorder-Induced Pair Breaking in Superconductors

By enhancing thermal supercurrent fluctuations, disorder can cause significant pair-breaking effects on the transition temperature, density of states, and order parameter in superconductors. We have observed this pair-breaking mechanism in two-dimensional Al films by using a novel tunneling technique. A crude model explains the results rather well. An extension to 3 dimensions of that model is used below to estimate pair- breaking rates in Heavy-Fermion and High-Tc compounds. We find that the disorder-induced pair-breaking rates are likely to be significant.
Global Core Top Calibration of δ 18 O in Planktic Foraminifera to Sea Surface Temperature

Heising-Simons Foundation [2016-015]; National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1602156]
Bauhaus Internationalism to College Town Modernism

The purpose of this study is to analyze William Hajjar’s single-family houses in State College, PA, and compare them with the European modernist work of Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer in the United States. This analysis is performed using shape grammars as a computational design methodology. Hajjar was a member of the architecture faculty at the Pennsylvania State University, a practitioner in State College, and an influential figure in the history of architecture in the area. Shape grammars are used specifically to verify and describe the influences of Bauhaus/European modernism on Hajjar’s domestic architecture. The focus is on establishing Hajjar’s single-family architectural language and comparing it to the architectural language of Gropius (Gropius-Breuer partnership) as the founder of the Bauhaus architecture and a prominent practitioner in introducing European modernism to American architecture students in the mid-twentieth century like Hajjar.
Creation of an engineering course: design and simulation of high-capacity fiber optic systems utilizing VPI-photonics

In recent years, the importance of training skillful fiber optic engineers capable of designing and analyzing fiber optic links to deliver the enormous capacity needed for the next generation of mobile phones (5G) has been proven in industry. A comprehensive curriculum for such courses should undoubtedly comprise both theoretical and hands-on skills to better prepare the engineers before entering industry. The hands-on skills can be established through experimenting with real fiber optic links. However, having access to an equipped fiber optic laboratory imposes a significant cost to the academic institutions. Therefore, similar hands-on experiences can be delivered by software simulation of the physical signal generation and propagation. Thus, identifying an efficient yet powerful tool in simulating fiber optics components and devices is of utmost importance toward successfully rendering an understanding of the physical phenomena to the graduates. This paper aims to analyze the necessity of incorporating hands-on experience through software simulation and then it suggests the course topics and the learning outcomes expected to be achieved from this course. In addition, it investigates the feedbacks obtained from graduate engineering students throughout an actual course offered on fiber optic communication and demonstrates the assessment of the strength and weaknesses of the method. Finally, it introduces a powerful software package capable of simulating a variety of optical systems and devices frequently used in a typical fiber optic link and presents the performance analysis of this software package in addressing primitive and complex problems arising in fiber optics.
Convex Optimization for Adaptive Radar

Outline ❶Part I: Review of Radar STAP and Convex Optimization Principles ❷Part II: Constrained Covariance Estimation ❸Part III: Optimization for Practical Waveform Design
LBP05: B CELL POSITIVE FLOWCYTOMETRY CROSS MATCH DUE TO DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES OF IgM ISOTYPE

Aim Analysis of HLA specific antibodies (Ab) is an important component of monitoring of transplant recipients (TR). It includes Ab concentration, epitope specificity, isotype and ability to bind complement. In this study, we have reported positive B lymphocyte flow cytometry cross match (FC CM) owing to donor specific Ab (DSA) of IgM isotype directed to HLA-DQ7. Methods Analysis of anti-HLA Ab was performed in DTT treated serum using single antigen bead (SAB) Luminex technology. Complement binding activity of DSA was investigated using C1q solid phase assay (One Lambda, Inc). PCR-SSOP method was used for HLA typing (One Lambda, Inc). CM of TR serum with donor lymphocytes was performed in the following modifications: T cells CDC-AHG (±DTT), B cells CDC x4 washes (± DTT). B cell CM was performed at 4 °C and room temperatures. FC CM was performed as tri-color assay using secondary FITC-conjugated Ab to human IgG or IgM. In order to block falsely positive reactivity due to surface IgM on the B cells, blocking titration assay using unlabeled anti-human IgM was performed. Results Second kidney TR was typed: A2, 2; B44, 60; DR4, 13; DQ8, 6; DR53, 52. First living donor (LD) was typed A2, 25; B18, 60; DR4, 13; DQ7, 6; DR53,52, and current LD was typed A2,68; B65,60; DR13,13; DQ7,6; DR52,52. At the time of workup broad specificity of anti-Class I Ab was detected, whereas anti-class II reactivity was represented by anti-DQ7 Ab only. The strongest blocking activity of unlabeled anti-human IgM Ab was observed at 40.0 μg/ml concentration. The results of CM assays and Ab analysis are presented in the Table 1 below. a – MFI, mean fluorescence intensity, b – ASHI score, c – MCS, median channel shift, d – tested by Luminex screening IgM assay. Conclusions These findings account for B cell IgG negative CDC CM results despite the high level of DSA. We conclude that under certain circumstances detection of DSA of IgM isotype may provide new insights regarding transplantation in patients presenting with negative B-cell CDC and positive FC CM.
From Democratic to "Need to Know": Linking Distributed Leadership to Data Cultures in the Florida College System.

This multiple case study examines the extent and ways in which leaders and administrators in Florida College System (FCS) institutions engage in distributed leadership through data sharing with fro...
Molecular nanoparticles of cerium dioxide: structure-directing effect of halide ions.

The use of halide ions in the synthesis of Ce/O clusters diverts the reaction to two halide-containing products: Cl− gives a new Ce20 nuclearity with both a high 1 : 1 Ce3+ : Ce4+ ratio and a high percentage of (100) facet coverage, whereas F− gives a known Ce6 nuclearity. Both products include bridging halide ions and are thus the first confirmation of non-oxo (OH−/O2−) anion incorporation onto the Ce/O cluster core.
O EXAME PAPANICOLAOU NA PREVENÇÃO DO CÂNCER NO COLO UTERINO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

INTRODUCAO: A alta incidencia do câncer uterino e resultado da exposicao aos varios fatores de risco, tais como: o Papilomavirus humano (HPV), o tabagismo, as Infeccoes Sexualmente Transmissiveis (IST), o inicio precoce das relacoes sexuais, e uma doenca com alto indice de prevencao, que possui um metodo efetivo para seu rastreamento, o exame Papanicolaou. Atraves da realizacao deste exame de prevencao e possivel reduzir em ate 70% a mortalidade por esse tipo de câncer na populacao de risco, pois o câncer de colo uterino tem um desenvolvimento lento. O objetivo principal foi destacar a importância da realizacao do exame citopatologico como o principal metodo de diagnostico precoce do câncer no colo uterino. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisao integrativa da literatura, com o delineamento de pesquisa bibliografica em bases de dados virtuais Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saude (BVS). Como criterio de inclusao para a selecao do material, definiu-se a utilizacao de artigos cientificos nacionais, de fontes fidedignas e de relevância sobre o tema. RESULTADO E DISCUSSAO: Foram selecionados 15 artigos. Apos leitura criteriosa encontrou-se os seguintes dados: 26% dos artigos relatam sobre a importância da realizacao do exame Papanicolaou; 20% sobre a realizacao da coleta para o exame, finalidade do exame e sua sensibilidade; 27% apontam os fatores de risco e 27% dos artigos selecionados tem em comum a importância da realizacao do exame Papanicolaou e os fatores de risco. CONCLUSAO: Por meio desta pesquisa foi possivel destacar a importância da realizacao periodica do exame Papanicolaou na prevencao do câncer de colo do utero. Bem como a importância do profissional da saude tenha conhecimentos suficientes em relacao a neoplasia do colo do utero, tanto em relacao aos fatores de risco, importância do exame e qualidade do material coletado para realizacao do mesmo, no diagnostico precoce.
Excellent two-year survivorship of 3D-printed metaphyseal cones in revision total knee arthroplasty.

Aims Metaphyseal fixation during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important, but potentially difficult when using historical designs of cone. Material and manufacturing innovations have im...
Quantifying Perfusion Properties with DCE-MRI Using a Dictionary Matching Approach

Perfusion properties can be estimated from pharmacokinetic models applied to DCE-MRI data using curve fitting algorithms; however, these suffer from drawbacks including the local minimum problem and substantial computational time. Here, a dictionary matching approach is proposed as an alternative. Curve fitting and dictionary matching were applied to simulated data using the dual-input single-compartment model with known perfusion property values and 5 in vivo DCE-MRI datasets. In simulation at SNR 60 dB, the dictionary estimate had a mean percent error of 0.4–1.0% for arterial fraction, 0.5–1.4% for distribution volume, and 0.0% for mean transit time. The curve fitting estimate had a mean percent error of 1.1–2.1% for arterial fraction, 0.5–1.3% for distribution volume, and 0.2–1.8% for mean transit time. In vivo, dictionary matching and curve fitting showed no statistically significant differences in any of the perfusion property measurements in any of the 10 ROIs between the methods. In vivo, the dictionary method performed over 140-fold faster than curve fitting, obtaining whole volume perfusion maps in just over 10 s. This study establishes the feasibility of using a dictionary matching approach as a new and faster way of estimating perfusion properties from pharmacokinetic models in DCE-MRI.
Behavioral Science and Public Policy

Behavioral science is playing an increasing role in public policy, and it is raising new questions about fundamental issues - the role of government, freedom of choice, paternalism, and human welfare. In diverse nations, public officials are using behavioral findings to combat serious problems - poverty, air pollution, highway safety, COVID-19, discrimination, employment, climate change, and occupational health. Exploring theory and practice, this Element attempts to provide one-stop shopping for those who are new to the area and for those who are familiar with it. With reference to nudges, taxes, mandates, and bans, it offers concrete examples of behaviorally informed policies. It also engages the fundamental questions, include the proper analysis of human welfare in light of behavioral findings. It offers a plea for respecting freedom of choice - so long as people's choices are adequately informed and free from behavioral biases.
1112. #EducationInTheTimeofCOVID: Using Twitter to Disseminate Evidence-Based Medicine during a Pandemic

Background The medical community has used Twitter as a learning tool during the COVID-19 pandemic to digest the high volume of rapidly evolving literature However, Twitter contains educational content of varying quality and accuracy To address this issue, we created and disseminated visual abstracts of COVID-19 literature on Twitter to educate health professionals Methods Fellows and faculty members from multiple institutions collaborated with Emory University medical students to create visual abstracts of published COVID-19 literature (Figure 1) ID fellows and faculty identified and summarized 10-15 high-impact COVID-19 articles each week Medical students created visual abstracts for each article, which fellows or faculty reviewed for accuracy We disseminated them on Twitter (@JenniferSpicer4, 4,373 followers) and our website (Figure 2) We measured engagement with tweets using Twitter Analytics Results Since March 2020, we have created, reviewed, and disseminated 139 graphics with 116 student authors and 33 fellow/faculty reviewers across three academic institutions (Table 1) Topics included public health & prevention, virology & basic science, epidemiology, transmission & infection control, clinical syndrome, diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccinology, and ethics & policy Tweets had a median of 9,300 impressions (interquartile range [IQR] 5,432-13,233) with 766 engagements (IQR 432-1,288) and an engagement rate of 8 6% (IQR 7 1%-10 0%) (Table 2) Each tweet had a median of 25 retweets (IQR 17-38) and 55 likes (IQR 34-81) A few tweets had significantly higher metrics;maximum values were 84,257 impressions, 9,758 engagements, 19 0% engagement rate, 239 retweets, and 381 likes In addition to disseminating graphics on Twitter, we received requests to use them as teaching aids from multiple health professionals worldwide, and the visual abstracts have been translated into Spanish and disseminated on Twitter and Instagram via @MEdSinFrontera Conclusion Engagement rates with our visual abstracts were high, demonstrating the power of Twitter ID educators can use visual abstracts to summarize and disseminate accurate information to a large audience on social media, which is especially important in the setting of an emerging infection