cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controversial electronic structures and energies of Fe2, Fe 2+, and Fe 2− resolved by RASPT2 calculations

The diatomic molecule Fe2 was investigated using restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2). This molecule is very challenging to study computationally because predictions about the ground state and excited states depend sensitively on the choice of the quantum chemical method. For Fe2 we show that one needs to go beyond a full-valence active space in order to achieve even qualitative agreement with experiment for the dissociation energy, and we also obtain a smooth ground-state potential curve. In addition we report the first multireference study of Fe 2+, for which we predict an 8Σu− ground state, which was not predicted by previous computational studies. By using an active space large enough to remove the most serious deficiencies of previous theoretical work and by explicitly investigating the interpretations of previous experimental results, this study elucidates previous difficulties and provides – for the first time – a qualitatively correct treatment of Fe2, Fe 2+, and Fe 2−...
Better security via smarter devices

This white paper promotes a new approach to network security in which each individual device erects its own security perimeter and defends its own critical resources (e.g., network link or storage media). Together with conventional border defenses, such self-securing devices could provide a flexible infrastructure for dynamic prevention, detection, diagnosis, isolation, and repair of successful breaches in borders and device security perimeters. We overview the self-securing devices approach and the siege warfare analogy that inspired it. We also describe several examples of how different devices might be extended with embedded security functionality and outline some challenges of designing and managing self-securing devices.
Thermal capacity estimates on the Allen-Cahn equation

We consider the Allen-Cahn equation in a well-known scaling regime which gives motion by mean curvature. A well-known transformation of this PDE, using its standing wave, yields a PDE the solution of which is approximately the distance function to an interface moving by mean curvature. We give bounds on this last fact in terms of thermal capacity. Our techniques hinge upon the analysis of a certain semimartingale associated with a certain PDE (the PDE for the approximate distance function) and an analogue of some results by Bafnuelos and Oksendal relating lifetimes of diffusions to exterior capacities.
High Doses of Amphetamine Augment, Rather Than Disrupt, Exocytotic Dopamine Release in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum of the Anesthetized Rat

High doses of amphetamine (AMPH) are thought to disrupt normal patterns of action potential-dependent dopaminergic neurotransmission by depleting vesicular stores of dopamine (DA) and inducing robust non-exocytotic DA release or efflux via dopamine transporter (DAT) reversal. However, these cardinal AMPH actions have been difficult to establish definitively in vivo. Here, we use fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the urethane-anesthetized rat to evaluate the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg AMPH on vesicular DA release and DAT function in dorsal and ventral striata. An equivalent high dose of cocaine (40 mg/kg) was also examined for comparison to psychostimulants acting preferentially by DAT inhibition. Parameters describing exocytotic DA release and neuronal DA uptake were determined from dynamic DA signals evoked by mild electrical stimulation previously established to be reinforcing. High-sensitivity FSCV with nanomolar detection was used to monitor changes in the background voltammetric signal as an index of DA efflux. Both doses of AMPH and cocaine markedly elevated evoked DA levels over the entire 2-h time course in the dorsal and ventral striatum. These increases were mediated by augmented vesicular DA release and diminished DA uptake typically acting concurrently. AMPH, but not cocaine, induced a slow, DA-like rise in some baseline recordings. However, this effect was highly variable in amplitude and duration, modest, and generally not present at all. These data thus describe a mechanistically similar activation of action potential-dependent dopaminergic neurotransmission by AMPH and cocaine in vivo. Moreover, DA efflux appears to be a unique, but secondary, AMPH action.
Visual hull method based shape reconstruction of snowflakes from MASC photographs

We present utilization of the visual hull geometrical method for reconstruction of 3D shapes of snowflakes and ice particles based on high-resolution photographs of an object from multiple angles and the corresponding 2D silhouettes, for the purpose of further scattering analysis. The images are obtained by a multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC). Preliminary results appear to be much more accurate than any other available snowflake shape reconstruction examples, and are indicative of a great potential of the proposed approach.
Repolarization parameters are associated with mortality in chagas disease patients in the United States.

Abstract: Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the association between ECG repolarization parameters and mortality in chagas disease (CD) patients living in the United States. Methods: CD patients with cardiomyopathy (CM) and bundle branch block (BBB) or BBB alone were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. QT interval, QT dispersion (QTd), T wave peak to T wave end duration (Tp-Te) and T wave peak to T wave end dispersion ((Tp-Te)d) were measured. Presence of fractionated QRS (fQRS) was also assessed. The main outcome measure was the association between ECG parameters and mortality or need for cardiac transplant Results: A total of 18 CM and 13 BBB CD patients were studied with 97% originating from Mexico or Central America. QTd (60.0±15.0 ms vs 43.5±9.8 ms, P=0.0002), Tp-Te (102.6±29.3 ms vs 77.1±11.0 ms, P=0.0002) and (Tp-Te)d (39.5±9.4 ms vs 22.7±7.6 ms, P<0.0001) were prolonged in CD CM patients compared to CM controls. Chagas CM patients had more fQRS then controls (84.2±0.10% vs 33.3±0.11%, p=0.0005). QTd (59.9±15.0 ms vs 29.5±6.9 ms, P=0.0001) and (Tp-Te)d (40.0±15.9 ms vs 18.5±5.4 ms, p<0.0001) were longer in the CD BBB group compared to BBB controls. Univariate analysis showed QTd (56.9±15.0 ms vs 46.5±17.3 ms, p=0.0412) and (Tp-Te)d (36.8±13.5 ms vs 28.5±13.3 ms, p=0.0395) were associated with death or need for cardiac transplant. Conclusion: CD patients with CM and BBB or BBB alone have increased evidence of dispersion of repolarization compared to controls. QTd and (Tp-Te)d was associated with increased mortality and/or need for transplant.
Otologic and Systemic Manifestations of Experimental Influenza a Virus Infection in the Ferret

Abstract In an effort to further validate an animal model and to better define the mechanisms relating viral upper respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media, we infected 10 ferrets intranasally with influenza A virus. Infection was monitored by cultures and antibody titers, illness was monitored by signs and temperatures, and otologic complications were monitored by otoscopy, tympanometry, and eustachian tube function testing. All animals became infected. Forced-response test results showed progressive increases in the passive function variables after inoculation. Inflation-deflation test results documented progressive impairment of active tubal function, which was accompanied by the development of middle ear underpressures. No otitis media was seen. The results suggest that influenza A virus infection results in progressive, subtotal occlusion of the eustachian tube lumen, which compromises the ventilatory function of the tube, thereby promoting the development of middle ear underpressures. These findings support the hypothesized pathophysiologic relationship between viral upper respiratory tract infections, eustachian tube dysfunction, middle ear underpressures, and acute otitis media. Given these pathophysiologic changes and previously documented physiologic similarities to the eustachian tube-middle ear system of human beings, we conclude that the ferret represents an appropriate animal model for studying the pathogenic processes related to viral upper respiratory tract infections, eustachian tube dysfunction, and otitis media and for testing of potential prophylactic and therapeutic regimens. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1995;112:572-8.)
Transmitted proliferation disadvantage from mouse oocytes labeled in vivo with [3H]thymidine: radiosensitive target considerations

Abstract This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that a nuclear target is involved in the embryonic cell proliferation disadvantage transmitted by irradiated mouse oocytes and detected by the chimera assay. In this assay, the cells from the irradiated embryo exhibit a competitive cell proliferation disadvantage when they are challenged by direct cell–cell contact with cells from a normal embryo in an aggregation chimera. Here, six pregnant CD-1 mice received a total of 1.85 TBq tritiated thymidine (TdR) delivered by multiple intraperitoneal injections during days 13–15 postconception. Six more pregnant mice were sham-injected to provide control embryos. Sixty randomly selected female progeny were mated at 47 days of age and their 4-cell embryos tested in the chimera assay. The mean proliferation ratio (PR, number of cells from the experimental embryo divided by total cell number of the chimera) for experimental chimeras was 0.45±0.02 SE ( n =43), which was significantly less than the mean PR of 0.49±0.01 SE ( n =47; p =0.02) for control chimeras. This entire experiment was repeated, with similar results. A comparison for TdR confined to the nucleus (i.e., mean β-ray range is only 0.7 μm) with the relationship for uniform irradiation by 137 Cs γ-rays demonstrates that these two very different modes of dose delivery produce essentially identical PRs. These results in vivo suggest a nuclear DNA target for embryonic cell proliferation disadvantage consistent with our previous findings in vitro.
Japan's embrace of soccer: mutable ethnic players and flexible soccer citizenship in the new East Asian sports order.

Baseball and sumo were Japan's twentieth-century centre sports, but soccer is likely to replace them in the new century. This article outlines several reasons for Japan's embrace of the sport, focusing on how ethnicity and nationality are expressed and confirmed in the world of soccer. It proposes that the Japanese sports world has moved through three eras of ‘sports citizenship’ over the last century. The first four decades of the twentieth century constituted an era of ‘imperial athletes’, a coercively inclusive and hierarchical order of belonging as ‘athletes of Greater Japan’. The post-World War II decades reconfigured sports citizenship around ethnic alterity, establishing a cultural-essentialist binary between Japanese ‘athletes’ and ‘foreign athletes’. What we see now, in and through soccer, is an emerging third era of mobile athletes, mutable ethnicity and flexible sports citizenship, determined in the case of soccer by supra-governmental FIFA eligibility standards and sports federation rules rath...
A prospective observational study of IVC filters in pediatric patients.

Background The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) has increased with the advent of retrievable filters (Crowther: Am J Med 120: S13–S17, 2007). Both permanent and retrievable filters have been used in the pediatric population, though reports describing such patients and their outcomes are limited. Procedure Our center has established a longitudinal prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) at our pediatric tertiary care institution. Data collection in this study includes medical history, risk factors, radiologic and laboratory studies, therapy, and follow-up. Results Two hundred ten patients were enrolled into this cohort from January 2003 to January 2007. IVC filters were percutaneously placed into 11 patients, ranging in age from 6.8 to 23.4 years. The primary reason for filter placement was a VTE and a contraindication to anticoagulation. Nine patients had retrievable filters placed and two received permanent filters. Seven of the nine retrievable filters were removed 21–97 days (median 37 days) after placement. In the remaining two patients, thrombus prevented removal in one, and the filter was electively retained in the other. One patient with a permanent filter died from malignancy. The three patients who are alive and well with IVC filters have had them for 25–60 months. No patient with an IVC filter developed a subsequent PE. Conclusions Approximately 5% of patients in this pediatric thrombosis cohort received an IVC filter. The placement and removal of these devices is technically feasible in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:517–520. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Finite element formulations for acoustical radiation

Finite and infinite element techniques are applied to linear acoustical problems involving infinite anechoic boundaries. Theory is presented for a simple one dimensional model based on Webster's horn equation. Results are then presented both for the one dimensional model and for two axisymmetric test cases. Comparisons with exact solutions indicate that both the infinite element and wave envelope schemes are effective in correctly predicting the near field. The wave envelope scheme is also shown to be capable of resolving the far field radiation pattern.
HLA and IgA deficiency in blood donors.

Abstract We have identified 67 IgA deficient healthy blood donors in our region by systematic screening of 24,782 blood samples. HLA typing results on 36 of these donors indicated a significant association with both HLA-A1 and HLA-B14 antigens. The frequency of A29 and B8 antigens was also increased. However, B8 association may be secondarily involved due to linkage disequilibrium (e.g., A1-B8-DR3). The frequency of HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 antigens was increased in the group of IgA deficient donors who developed anti-IgA antibodies (53.9%) compared to those who did not (26.1%). Although the sample size appears to be too small to show a statistical significance ( x 2 = 2.76, 0.05 p
A High-Rate Direct-Coupled Preamplifier for High Energy Ge Detector Systems

The fast counting of high energy gamma events with excellent resolution is made possible by the design of a recycling preamplifier and a direct-coupled spectrometer system. Measurements were performed with a 40 cc Ge(Li) coaxial detector. Data were observed with and without pile-up rejection for count rates up to 150,000 counts/s. Resolution without pile-up rejection for 60Co was 2.50 keV FWHM at 75,000 counts/s (1.5-?s shaping). The exceptional performance of this direct-coupled system is mainly attributed to the preamplifier which requires no pole-zero compensation. After single differentiation the pulses return precisely to the baseline.
Depression and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Maltreated Adolescents

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in maltreated youth is a burgeoning research area. Previous studies reveal that depression is an important contributing variable to PTSD symptoms in these youth, though the exact relationship remains unclear. This study examined a previous structural equation model in which depression mediated (a) dissociation and trauma-related cognitions and (b) PTSD symptoms among maltreated adolescents. The model was replicated among a larger and more diverse sample. The model was also evaluated for younger (age 11–13 years) and older (age 14–17 years) adolescents, females and males, and European American and ethnic minorities. The model applied best to each age group, females, and European American and multiracial youth. Findings are discussed in the context of extant PTSD models in youth as well as implications for assessment and treatment.
Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Reduces Plasticity and Alters NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition in the Dentate Gyrus

Although it is well documented that heavy consumption of alcohol during pregnancy impairs brain development, it remains controversial whether moderate consumption causes significant damage. Using a limited access, voluntary consumption paradigm, we recently demonstrated that moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (MPAE) is associated with dentate gyrus-dependent learning and memory deficits that are manifested in adulthood. Here, we identified a novel mechanism that may underlie this effect of MPAE. We found that MPAE mice exhibit deficits in NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus. Further, using semiquantitative immunoblotting techniques, we found that the levels of GluN2B subunits were decreased in the synaptic membrane, while levels of C2′-containing GluN1 and GluN3A subunits were increased, in the dentate gyrus of MPAE mice. These data suggest that MPAE alters the subunit composition of synaptic NMDARs, leading to impaired NMDAR-dependent LTP in the dentate gyrus.
Determination of the Barrier Height for Acetyl Radical Dissociation from Acetyl Chloride Photodissociation at 235 nm Using Velocity Map Imaging

This work uses velocity map imaging to determine the barrier height for acetyl radical, CH3CO, dissociation to CH3 + CO. Photodissociation of acetyl chloride at 235 nm generates acetyl radicals with an internal energy distribution spanning this barrier. We determine the velocity and internal energy distribution of all nascent acetyl radicals, stable and unstable, by measuring the velocities of the Cl(2P3/2) and Cl(2P1/2) cofragments. These Cl cofragments are detected with 2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) in a spin-orbit branching ratio Cl(2P3/2):Cl(2P1/2) of 3.3 +/- 0.2. Using 157 nm photoionization, we then detect the recoil velocities of the energetically stable acetyl radicals. The radicals and momentum matched Cl atoms evidence parallel angular distributions. Comparison of the total recoil translational energy distribution P(E(T)) for all radicals to that obtained from the detection of stable radicals yields an onset for dissociation at a translational energy of 25.0 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol. From this onset we can calculate the barrier height for CH3CO --> CH3 + CO, but this relies on prior determinations of the C-Cl bond energy of acetyl chloride. Using an experimental bond dissociation energy of 83.4 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol yields a dissociation barrier of 14.2 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol. Our data evidence that a portion of the acetyl radicals formed with total internal energy above the barrier are stable due to the partitioning of energy into rotation during the C-Cl bond fission of the precursor. Thus, the internal energy onset for dissociation is not as sharp as was assumed in prior determinations of the barrier. The experimentally determined onset is compared with that predicted from electronic structure calculations at the G3//B3LYP and CCSD(T) levels of theory.
Motion of a rigid particle in a rotating viscous flow: an integral equation approach

A boundary integral method is presented for analysing particle motion in a rotating fluid for flows where the Taylor number F is arbitrary and the Reynolds number is small. The method determines the surface traction and drag on a particle, and also the velocity field at any location in the fluid. Numerical results show that the dimensionless drag on a spherical particle translating along the rotation axis of an unbounded fluid is determined by the empirical formula D/6n = 1 + (4/7) F1/* + (8/9n) F, which incorporates known results for the low and high Taylor number limits. Streamline portraits show that a critical Taylor number Fc NN 50 exists at which the character of the flow changes. For F Fc the flow field develops two detached recirculating regions of trapped fluid located fore and aft of the particle. The recirculating regions grow in size and move farther from the particle with increasing Taylor number. This recirculation functions to deflect fluid away from the translating particle, thereby generating a columnar flow structure. The flow between the recirculating regions and the particle has a plug-like velocity profile, moving slightly slower than the particle and undergoing a uniform swirling motion. The flow in this region is matched to the particle velocity in a thin Ekman layer adjacent to the particle surface. A further study examines the translation of spheroidal particles. For large Taylor numbers, the drag is determined by the equatorial radius; details of the body shape are less important.
Time trends in distal colorectal cancer subsite location related to age and how it affects choice of screening modality

Background and Objectives: A time trend analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the distal colorectum as a proportion of total CRC is presented for the period 1977-1994 as a function of age, to determine the age at which Americans might best be served by screening fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy. Methods: CRC incidence rates were obtained for each anatomic subsite from SEER Public Use Files for 1977, 1986, and 1994. The colorectum was divided anatomically for these analyses at the junction of the descending colon and sigmoid colon. Incidence in the distal colorectum was divided by total CRC incidence to determine the proportion of CRC in that age/race/gender/year cohort located in the distal colorectum. Results: The proportion of distal CRC among African Americans was without a clear trend as they grew older in each of the years of observation and in both genders. However, in whites, with increasing age, the proportion of distal disease declined progressively in both genders, with the greatest decline in 1994. Distal CRC became less prevalent than proximal at about age 72 years in white women and at age 82 in white men in 1994. Conclusions: As the white population becomes older, and for African Americans of all ages, more total colon screening modalities are needed, although at the onset of recommended screening, among 50- to 60-year-olds, fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy would appear efficacious.
Comments on redirection with examples of avian copulations with substitute objects

Abstract 1. 1. Redirected copulation is described in the Fischer's Lovebird, Agapornis fischei ; Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina ; and the American Redstart, Setophaga ruticilla . 2. 2. Redirected copulation occurs when the male is thwarted sexually because the female (providing the initial stimulation) becomes unavailable for some reason during the normal course of a precopulatory sequence. 3. 3. The substitute object resembles a soliciting female in that both are non fear-provoking protuberances in the male's immediate surroundings. 4. 4. In one case, that of the Redstart, the substitute object apparently came, through learning, to have releasing (as well as directing stimuli) of its own. 5. 5. Apparently redirection rather than displacement may be performed if the immediate surroundings provide an adequate substitute for the suddenly unavailable usual object or situation. 6. 6. Redirection is considered to be a special type of reaction to “subnormal” stimuli, although the activity is initiated by “normal” stimuli.
Experiments in Short-Term Precipitation Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract Accurate, timely, site-specific forecasts of precipitation are important for accurately predicting streamflow and flash floods in small drainage basins. However, presently available numerical weather prediction models do not generally provide forecasts with the accuracy and/or resolution appropriate for this task. A wide variety of approaches to small-scale, short-term precipitation forecasting have been investigated by numerous authors; this paper describes a simple precipitation forecasting model based on artificial neural networks. The model uses the radiosonde-based 700-hPa wind direction and antecedent precipitation data from a rain gauge network to generate short-term (0–6 h) precipitation forecasts for a target location. The performance of the model is illustrated for a gauge in eastern Pennsylvania.
Leishmania mexicana: Temperature sensitivity of isolated amastigotes and of amastigotes infecting macrophages in culture

Different temperature requirements for intracellular growth of Leishmania spp. may account for the predominantly peripheral or visceral localization of the parasites in the vertebrate host. We show here that Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, an agent of cutaneous disease, is growth restricted in vitro at 37.5 C and viable at 34 C. This temperature sensitivity has been observed in both infected macrophage cultures and isolated amastigotes. Counts of the percentage of infected macrophages and of the number of amastigotes per infected cell documented that at 34 C the parasites progressively proliferated for at least 11 days. In contrast, no amastigotes were found in infected cells 48 to 72 hr after the cultures were shifted to the restrictive temperature of 37.5 C. This effect was reversible within the first 24 hr of temperature shift. Incorporation of [3H]uracil into parasite RNA was used to monitor the viability of intracellular and of isolated amastigotes. The trichloroacetic acid-precipitable incorporation of [3H]uracil by infected macrophages was markedly reduced as early as 6 hr after the monolayers were placed at 37.5 C. This decrease was also reversible within the first 24 hr at the restrictive temperature. In order to determine whether the restrictive temperature could directly affect the parasites, isolated amastigotes were incubated at either 34 C or 37.5 C and assayed for [3H]uracil incorporation. The results indicated that by 3 hr of incubation at the restrictive temperature the incorporation was significantly decreased and remained low for at least 9 hr.
Origin of orientation-dependent asymmetries in vestibulo-ocular reflexes evoked by caloric stimulation.

A caloric stimulus evokes primarily a horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) when subjects are in a supine or prone orientation with the horizontal semicircular canal plane oriented vertically. I...
Concentration of mercury in animal products and soils of North Dakota.

Total mercury (Hg) was determined in milk, eggs, beef, pork, human head hair, soil and water obtained from four geographical areas of North Dakota. The sampling areas were selected on the basis of differences in prevalent agricultural practices, climate and topography. Statewide average Hg concentrations in ppb were milk, 0.8; eggs, 12; beef muscle, 5; beef liver, 10; pork muscle, 11; pork liver, 15; head hair, 1708; soil, 30; rainwater and well water, less than one. There were no significant differences observed among areas in Hg content of any substance sampled except beef muscle. Beef muscle obtained from areas 2 and 4 contained significantly (P⩽0.05) higher levels of Hg than beef muscle from the other two areas. However, the magnitudes of differences were small (4 to 6 ppb). Considerable variation among individual beef and swine were noted but only six beef of 453 sampled and three swine of 156 sampled had tissue Hg exceeding 50 ppb. Appreciable variation was observed in Hg in eggs with respect to farms within an area, eggs from the same farm, and sampling times within a year. Few eggs sampled contained more than 50 ppb. Significantly (P⩽0.01) higher levels of Hg were found in head hair of women as compared with men and relatively large differences among individuals were observed. Average Hg in hair was generally low irrespective of sex of donor or area of the state as compared with data given in the literature. Soil Hg levels were consistently low in all areas of the state, and no relationship between cropping practices and soil Hg was detected.
Protein-protein imprinting (PPi): High throughput nanoscale imprinting of silk fibroin films for photonics

We demonstrate high throughput imprinting of nanophotonic structures on silk films using a silk template, allowing for positive and negative pattern fabrication. Induced beta-sheet crystallinity increases their durability and biological applicability.
SYNTHESIS OF THE NEW COMPOUND CAFE(CO3)2 AND EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE (CA,FE)CO3 JOIN

Synthesis of the new (disordered) compound CaFe(CO3)2 has been achieved with the use of Fe-substituted CaCO3(Cc ss) + Ca-substituted FeCO3(Sid ss) as starting materials, and high CO2 pressures. High pressure (20–30 kbar) is needed to stabilize FeCO3 to sufficiently high temperatures for disordered CaFe(CO3)2 to form. Experiments provide reversed compositions of coexisting disordered phases in the CaFe join and locate the solvus temperature for CaFe(C)3)2 between 815 and 845°C at 30 kbars. Calculated phase relations predict that the stability of ordered CaFe(CO3)2 is limited to T < ∼450°C by the breakdown to Cc ss + Sid ss. A comparison of the unit-cell volume measured for disordered CaFe(CO3)2 vs. that estimated for ordered CaFe(CO3)2 suggests that increasing pressure stabilizes the disordered phase.
"Reactive inhibition" in the sowbug.

Four groups of twenty isopods (Porcellio scaber L.) were given 40 right turns and four groups were given 20 right turns in square mazes 1, 1.5, 2.5, and 4 cm. on a side. Another four groups were ru...
Monopole flux state on the pyrochlore lattice

The ground state of a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ nearest-neighbor quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice is investigated using a large $N$ $\text{SU}(N)$ fermionic mean-field theory. We find several mean-field states, of which the state of lowest energy upon Gutzwiller projection is a parity and time-reversal breaking chiral phase with a unit monopole flux exiting each tetrahedron. This ``monopole flux'' state has a Fermi surface consisting of four lines intersecting at a point. At mean field the low-energy excitations about the Fermi surface are gapless spinons. An analysis using the projective symmetry group of this state suggests that the state is stable to small fluctuations which neither induce a gap nor alter the unusual Fermi surface.
Printers and press freedom : the ideology of early American journalism

This book seeks to challenge the view that the eighteenth century understanding of the meaning of freedom of the press and the First Amendment was a narrow or limited one. The author examines the relationship between theory that laid the groundwork for the press clause and the actions of legislatures and journalists who confronted the issues surrounding freedom of expression. Through exhaustive research in colonial periods, including the religious as well as the civil press, the author shows that the attitudes of colonial journalists, particularly regarding seditious libel, were much closer to current interpretations than has previously been understood. He contends that colonists were publishing and justifying aggressive journalism for decades before the Revolution and that by the time of the First Amendment, Americans had forged a general libertarian press ideology that was incompatible with seditious libel.
185-MeV Injector Design for the ANL 4-GeV Microtron Project

The injector starts with a 5 MeV preinjector followed by an-18 MeV S-band linac. The 23 MeV electrons are transported and injected into a Racetrack Microtron via a 10° achromatic bend system. Twenty-seven turns are used to boost the energy to 185 MeV. Reverse-field stripes on the 180° end magnets and quadrupole focussing on the return paths maintain a matched-dispersion free beam with transverse s* = 5.0 m in the center of the 4.6 m long linac. The beam is recirculated outside of the RTM linac to shear the longitudinal phase-space ellipse before extraction. The extracted beam is transported and injected into the six-sided microtron at 185 MeV.
Estrogen regulation of the biological activity of the avian oviduct progesterone receptor and its ability to induce avidin

During primary estrogen stimulation of chick oviduct development, estrogen withdrawal, or secondary estrogen treatment, changes in the oviduct progesterone receptor (PR) occur. The presence of estrogen appears to regulate not only PR concentration but also its biochemical activity, i.e. its capacity to bind to nuclear acceptor sites and alter RNA synthesis. This study reports that estrogen regulates the nuclear binding capacity of the PR even more rapidly than previously reported in fully developed oviducts of chicks that have been injected daily for 4 weeks with diethylstilbestrol (DES). Further, the nuclear binding capacity of the PR correlates with the ability of progesterone (P) to induce avidin protein concentrations in the oviducts in vivo. The PR concentration in the oviducts increases 2-fold within 8 h of the last injection and the decreases to a minimal value by 24 h. Injection of [3H]P into the chicks shows that the in vivo nuclear localization of the steroid increases almost 4-fold at 8 h, followed by a similar decrease to minimal values by 24 h. Cell-free nuclear binding assays, using PR isolated at various times after the last DES injection and oviduct nucleoprotein complexes, indicate that the capacity of the receptors to bind to nuclear acceptor sites is regulated by the estrogen. The enhanced nuclear binding capacity of the isolated PR increases to maximal values by 12-14 h after the last estrogen treatment and then begins to decrease to minimal values by 24 h. Similarly, the ability of P to induce in vivo avidin protein concentrations and to alter general RNA synthesis in the oviducts is reduced by 70% (of the estrogen non-withdrawn chick levels) by 24 h after the last estrogen injection. These changes over the 24-h period after the last DES treatment are not due to changes in the serum DES concentrations. The following 10-day period of estrogen withdrawal reveals a cyclic decaying pattern in the capacity of the PR for nuclear binding. The P induction of avidin and alteration of RNA polymerase II activity, using nuclear run-off experiments, also show a similar cyclic decaying pattern. By 6 days of estrogen withdrawal, the PR is incapable of any nuclear binding, and P cannot induce avidin protein concentrations in the oviducts. Serum DES concentrations over this 10-day period display only a gradual decay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Rotary Kiln Incineration III. An Indepth Study—Kiln Exit/Afterburner/Stack Train and Kiln Exit Pattern Factor Measurements During Liquid CCl4 Processing

Temperature and stable species concentration data are presented from various locations within a full-scale rotary kiln incinerator firing natural gas/carbon tetrachloride/air. The data are being collected as part of a cooperative program involving university, industry and government participation. The overall goal of the program is to develop a more sophisticated understanding of and a predictive capability for rotary kiln and afterburner performance as influenced by basic design and operational parameters. Non-uniformities in stable species and temperature exist for this particular kiln, at the kiln exit, under certain operating conditions. Flow perturbations from within the kiln were found to persist into the afterburner, but not into the stack. High destruction and removal efficiencies (DRE’s) were achieved under the operating conditions of these tests through adequate secondary combustion processing.
A heterogeneous multiple network-on-chip design: an application-aware approach

Current network-on-chip designs in chip-multiprocessors are agnostic to application requirements and hence are provisioned for the general case, leading to wasted energy and performance. We observe that applications can generally be classified as either network bandwidth-sensitive or latency-sensitive. We propose the use of two separate networks on chip, where one network is optimized for bandwidth and the other for latency, and the steering of applications to the appropriate network. We further observe that not all bandwidth (latency) sensitive applications are equally sensitive to network bandwidth (latency). Hence, within each network, we prioritize packets based on the relative sensitivity of the applications they belong to. We introduce two metrics, network episode height and length, as proxies to estimate bandwidth and latency sensitivity, to classify and rank applications. Our evaluations show that the resulting heterogeneous two-network design can provide significant energy savings and performance improvements across a variety of workloads compared to a single one-size-fits-all single network and homogeneous multiple networks.
Glucocorticoid-regulated stability of a constitutively expressed mouse mammary tumor virus glycoprotein

Glucocorticoids regulate the transport and processing of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) glycoproteins in viral-infected HTC rat hepatoma cells. To begin to determine the role of cellular components involved in this steroid-mediated response, a constitutively expressed MMTV glycoprotein gene containing a mutation in the endoproteolytic cleavage site was used to simplify the viral maturation products. Expression of the uncleavable MMTV glycoprotein gene in transfected HTC rat hepatoma cells demonstrated that treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone resulted in a 5-fold increase in the steady state level of the intracellular and cell surface MMTV glycoproteins. Under these conditions, dexamethasone did not alter the level of MMTV glycoprotein transcripts. Pulse-chase radiolabeling with [35S]methionine demonstrated that dexamethasone did not affect the apparent rate of MMTV glycoprotein translation, and an analysis of oligosaccharide side-chain structure by endoglycosidase-H digestion revea...
Regional Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity in Huntington's Disease Brain

: This study investigated mitochondrial respiratory activity in Huntington's disease (HD) brain. Mitochondrial membranes from caudate and cortex of HD and non-HD autopsied brains were assayed for succinate oxidation, cytochrome oxidase activity, and cytochromes b, cc1, and aa3. There was a significant decrease in HD caudate mitochondrial respiration, cytochrome oxidase activity, and cytochrome aa3, whereas cytochromes b and cc1 were normal. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the localized hypometabolism and progressive atrophy of the HD caudate.
Physiological aspects of atrazine degradation by higher marine fungi

The influence of glucose and NH4NO3 on the degradation of the herbicide atrazine was studied with the marine fungusPericonia prolifica Anastasiou. The bioaccumulation of14C-atrazine by fungal cultures was substantially increased at increased concentrations of glucose. Overall, 34.1% of the initial atrazine concentration was removed from the culture filtrate of the cultures grown in 0.5% (w/v) glucose and 0.007% (w/v) NH4NO3, and 40.4% of the initial atrazine concentration was removed when the same media contained 0.08% (w/v) NH4NO3. The majority of internalized radioactivity from both sets of cultures could be extracted from the mycelia as undegraded atrazine. However, examination of both the culture filtrates and mycelia of cultures grown under 0.5% (w/v) glucose and 0.08% (w/v) NH4NO3 revealed the presence of both dealkylated and dechlorinated hydrolysis products of atrazine. The fungal cultures, compared with uninoculated controls, showed a 5-fold increase in 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-striazine (deisopropylatrazine), a 1.9-fold increase in 2-hydroxy-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (hydroxyatrazine), and a 1.5-fold increase in other metabolites not extracted into ethyl acetate, suggesting two separate degradation pathways caused by a combination of metabolic and physicochemical interactions. Although mineralization of [ring-14C] atrazine did not occur under the conditions employed, considerable radioactivity was found in an unextractable form associated with cell fragments ofPericonia cultures indicating further metabolism of the initial degradation products.
Can serotonin transporter genotype predict serotonergic function, chronicity, and severity of drinking?

Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) activity is greater in carriers of the long (L) vs. short (S) alleles of the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5′-HTTLPR) among healthy control subjects but not alcohol-dependent adults. In 198 alcoholics, we determined the relationship between current or lifetime drinking and platelet 5-HTT function and density among allelic variants of the 5′-HTTLPR. SS subjects were younger than L-carriers (LL and LS) (p < 0.0085) and had fewer years of lifetime drinking. For L-carriers, the mean of Bmax for paroxetine binding, but not Vmax for serotonin (5-HT) uptake, was lower than that for SS subjects (p < 0.05). More L-carriers than their SS counterparts had Vmax for 5-HT uptake below 200 nmol/107 platelets-min (p < 0.05) and Bmax for paroxetine binding below 600 nmol/mg protein (p < 0.06). Current drinking (drinks per day during the past 14 days) correlated positively with Km and Vmax of platelet 5-HT uptake (p < 0.05) and negatively with Bmax, but not Kd, of paroxetine binding (p < 0.05) for L-carriers alone. Years of lifetime drinking correlated negatively with Km and Vmax of platelet 5-HT uptake (p < 0.05) and Bmax, but not Kd, of paroxetine binding (p < 0.05) for L-carriers alone. Among L-carriers alone, there were higher levels of platelet 5-HT uptake and lower levels of platelet paroxetine binding with increased drinking, and more lifetime drinking was associated with modestly lower levels of 5-HT uptake and paroxetine binding. Thus, 5-HTT expression varies with current and lifetime drinking in L-carriers alone.
INTERACTION AND FEEDBACK IN MIXED PEER RESPONSE GROUPS

Abstract With the growing number of foreign students on university campuses in the United States, mixed peer response groups consisting of both native English speakers and English as a Second Language (ESL) students are often seen in mainstream composition classes. Although writing researchers have examined various issues concerning peer response in first (L1) and second (L2) language settings, little research has centered on mixed peer response groups. The study reported here examined interaction and feedback in mixed peer response groups by inspecting participants' turn-taking behaviors, language functions performed during peer response, and written feedback on each other's writing. Data were collected from three mixed peer response groups, each with a non-native speaker and two or three native speakers. Transcripts of student discussion of peer writing as well as peer response sheets with students' written comments were analyzed. Findings indicate that the non-native speakers as a group took fewer turns and produced fewer language functions during oral discussion of writing, particularly when they were performing the writer role, but they were comparable to the native speakers with respect to the number of global comments provided in writing.
Calculation of phase diagrams from lacher or rees theory parameters

Abstract A method is developed for calculating temperature-composition phase diagrams of metal-hydrogen systems for which the parameters of the multiplateau Lacher theory or of the Rees theory are known. The method is used to calculate phase diagrams for the hydrides of palladium, ErFe2, DyCo3, ErCo3, NdCo3 and GdCo3.
Fast diffusion and electrotransport of iron in scandium

Abstract The diffusion and electrotransport properties of iron in α and β scandium were measured over the temperature range 970 to 1515 °C. The diffusion coefficients are of the order of 10−9 to 10−10 m2 s−1 in both phases. The effective valence Z ∗ is negative at all temperatures corresponding to solute migration in the direction of electron flow. The activation energy for diffusion of iron in α-Sc is 54 ± 6 kJ mol−1 and the diffusion constant is 1.5 × 10−7 m2 s−1. The solubility of iron in the α phase was determined to be between 0.01 and 0.025 at.% at 700 °C increasing to less than 0.043 at.% at 825 °C. The magnitude of the diffusivity of iron in scandium was found to be similar to that of iron in other rare earth metals.
The biogeochemistry of manganese and iron in the Black Sea

The solution speciation and solid-phase suspended particulate fractionation of Mn and Fe were investigated in the Black Sea in an effort to understand the biogeochemical cycling of Mn and Fe across redox boundaries and to study the scavenging/precipitation reactions affecting their distributions. The redox cycling of Mn (in a distinct “suboxic” zone from 15 to 50 m thick) and the redox cycling of Fe (coincident with total sulfide concentrations exceeding 0.4 μM) occur along isopycnal surfaces which deepen sharply towards the Turkish coast. Dissolved Mn behaves primarily as the free hydrated Mn2+ species and approaches saturation with respect to MnS2 (haurite) in the deep anoxic waters. In the oxic zone, colloidal and organically-complexed Fe species account for 10–30% of the total dissolved Fe, while colloidal Fe-sulfides account for 30–60% of the total in the mid-depth dissolved Fe(II) maximum. The deep waters are close to saturation with respect to FeS (mackinawite) or Fe3S4 (greigite). A weak-acid soluble Mn phase dominates in the broad particulate Mn maximum in the suboxic zone and appears to be associated with Mn-oxidizing bacteria. More resistant Mn and Fe phases, presumed to be sulfide precipitates, were found in the deep anoxic waters. Particulate Al showed a broad maximum below the sulfide interface, presumably due to offshore transport of resuspended sediment. A vertical mixing model for dissolved Mn in the central basin of the Black Sea yields removal rates consistent with measured bacterial Mn oxidation rates. The redox cycling of Fe occurs somewhat deeper in the water column. The vertical supply of oxygen cannot account for the Mn oxidation rate. However, horizontal advection and/or seasonal vertical mixing could provide enough oxidizing equivalents.
Multiplexed dispersive spectrometers using reduced background infrared detectors.

The application of multiplex spectrometry to cryogenically cooled LWIR extrinsic photodetectors is limited by system noise. This noise limitation results in a detector NEP that is directly proportional to bandwidth. Therefore, multiplex schemes that require increased bandwidth are not productive of real advantage. However, doubly encoded systems that are based on 2n − 1 or n + N − 1 measurements have the potential to provide a real throughput gain proportional to the number of elements used on the throughput matrix.