cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Activation Is a Conserved Feature of the Early Embryonic Factor Zelda That Requires a Cluster of Four Zinc Fingers for DNA Binding and a Low-complexity Activation Domain

Delayed transcriptional activation of the zygotic genome is a nearly universal phenomenon in metazoans. Immediately following fertilization, development is controlled by maternally deposited products, and it is not until later stages that widespread activation of the zygotic genome occurs. Although the mechanisms driving this genome activation are currently unknown, the transcriptional activator Zelda (ZLD) has been shown to be instrumental in driving this process in Drosophila melanogaster. Here we define functional domains of ZLD required for both DNA binding and transcriptional activation. We show that the C-terminal cluster of four zinc fingers mediates binding to TAGteam DNA elements in the promoters of early expressed genes. All four zinc fingers are required for this activity, and splice isoforms lacking three of the four zinc fingers fail to activate transcription. These truncated splice isoforms dominantly suppress activation by the full-length, embryonically expressed isoform. We map the transcriptional activation domain of ZLD to a central region characterized by low complexity. Despite relatively little sequence conservation within this domain, ZLD orthologs from Drosophila virilis, Anopheles gambiae, and Nasonia vitripennis activate transcription in D. melanogaster cells. Transcriptional activation by these ZLD orthologs suggests that ZLD functions through conserved interactions with a protein cofactor(s). We have identified distinct DNA-binding and activation domains within the critical transcription factor ZLD that controls the initial activation of the zygotic genome.
Effects of Size of Ventricular Septal Defect and Age on Pulmonary Hemodynamics at Sea level

Abstract In 1,265 patients with isolated ventricular septal defects (Natural History Study of congenital heart defects, 1977), older children and adults were classified into those with and without pulmonary hypertension. To ascertain why relatively distinct pulmonary hypertensive and normotensive groups consisted of older children and adults, we reexamined the sea level cardiac catheterization data of 829 patients according to defect size (using the Gorlin formula) and patient age. In patients 2 years of age, both pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance were higher (p 0.5 cm 2 /m 2 than in those with smaller defects, and the Eisenmenger-like physiology was more common in older patients (17.4% in patients aged >10 years). The group with distinctly higher pressure after 4 years of age reflected higher pulmonary vascular resistances in those in whom large defects persisted. However, 84% of patients aged >4 years who underwent cardiac catheterization had smaller defects ( 2 /m 2 ), accounting for the group observed with low pressure.
"Ultra-light" patient-controlled epidural analgesia during labor: effects of varying regimens on analgesia and physician workload.

Background: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) offers many advantages over continuous epidural infusions for maintenance of labor analgesia. Some of these benefits may depend on the PCEA settings. This study evaluated several regimens for "ultra-light" (0.125%) PCEA with basal continuous infusion (CI) in labor with goals of minimizing physician interventions while providing good analgesia. Methods: Two hundred and twenty ASA I-II women receiving epidural analgesia during active labor (cervical dilation n =30 in each). Analgesia was maintained with a PCEA/CI pump using bupivacaine 0.0625%+sufentanil 0.35 μg/mL. PCEA settings were: group A: CI 10 mL/h, PCEA bolus 6 mL, 8-min lockout; group B: CI 10 mL/h, PCEA bolus 12 mL, 16-min lockout; group C: CI 15 mL/h, PCEA bolus 6 mL, 8-min lockout; group D: CI 15 mL/h, PCEA bolus 12 mL, 16-min lockout. Results: In groups A, B, C and D, 76, 77, 75 and 85% of parturients respectively, required no physician rescue boluses. Pain scores were low and maternal satisfaction was high in all groups, with minimal differences among them. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 78% of patients overall, instrumental (forceps or vacuum) delivery in 10% and cesarean section in 12%. Conclusions: These ultra-light PCEA regimens provided excellent analgesia with minimal physician workload and a high spontaneous delivery rate. Use of moderate to high-volume, ultra-light PCEA/CI techniques should facilitate provision of labor analgesia in busy obstetric units.
A Comparative Literature Survey of Islamic Finance and Banking

There has been large-scale growth in Islamic finance and banking in Muslim countries and around the world during the last twenty years. This growth is influenced by factors including the introduction of broad macroeconomic and structural reforms in financial systems, the liberalization of capital movements, privatization, the global integration of financial markets, and the introduction of innovative and new Islamic products. Islamic finance is now reaching new levels of sophistication. However, a complete Islamic financial system with its identifiable instruments and markets is still very much at an early stage of evolution. Many problems and challenges relating to Islamic instruments, financial markets, and regulations must be addressed and resolved. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive comparative review of the literature on the Islamic financial system. Specifically, we discuss the basic features of the Islamic finance and banking. We also introduce Islamic financial instruments in order to compare them to existing Western financial instruments and discuss the legal problems that investors in these instruments may encounter. The paper also gives a preliminary empirical assessment of the performance of Islamic banking and finance, and highlights the regulations, challenges and problems in the Islamic banking market.
NF-κB p50 Is Increased in Neurons Surviving Hippocampal Injury

Abstract Signal transduction pathways that lead to the modulation of genes related to survival and repair mechanisms are activated in neurons that survive injury. These protein kinase/phosphatase cascades converge on transcription factors, the DNA binding proteins that directly regulate gene expression. In this study we examined expression of the NF-κB p50 subunit in the rat hippocampus 7 days after injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion or trimethyltin treatment. We found increased levels of p50 in neurons throughout the hippocampus after both treatments, localized not only in cell bodies but also in processes. At the 7-day time point, Fluoro-Jade histochemistry revealed hippocampal neurodegeneration in trimethyltin-treated rats but not in those lesioned by middle cerebral artery occlusion. p50 was not expressed in Fluoro-Jade-positive degenerating cells, supporting the role of this transcriptional subunit in neurosurvival. Because phosphorylation of the inhibitor IκB protein by IκB kinase is the classic step in NF-κB activation, phospho-IκBα immunoreactivity was examined as an indication of IκB kinase activity. Levels of phospho-IκBα were increased in neurons throughout the hippocampus 7 days postinjury. Immunoblotting for phospho-IκBα demonstrated increased levels 1 day postinjury that remained elevated for at least 7 days. These data suggest that NF-κB signal transduction is involved in an adaptive response of neurons that survive injury.
An evaluation of bovine respiratory disease complex in feedlot cattle: Impact on performance and carcass traits using treatment records and lung lesion scores.

The objective of this study was to in- vestigate the effects of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex on economically important production traits with the use of health records in combination with lung lesion scores obtained at slaughter. Records from 5,976 animals were used in this study from cattle that were managed in Midwestern feedlots. Average daily gain for 3 different feeding periods (acclimation, on-test, and overall test) along with final BW were evaluated as per- formance measures. Hot carcass weight, LM area, sub- cutaneous fat cover, and marbling score were collected at slaughter. All calves were monitored by experienced feedlot personnel and treated according to the specific health protocol of each feedlot. Incidence of BRD was observed at a rate of 8.17%, and lung lesions at slaugh- ter were present in 61.9% of cattle from a subpopula- tion (n = 1,665). From this group of cattle, the overall incidence of BRD, which was defined as cattle that had lung lesions, that were treated for BRD in the feedlot, or both, was 64.4%. Incidence of BRD in the feedlot de- creased ADG during both the acclimation period (0.37 ± 0.03 kg) and the overall test period (0.07 ± 0.01 kg). Incidence of BRD also had significant effects on HCW and marbling score with reduction of 8.16 ± 1.38 kg and 0.13 ± 0.04, respectively, in treated cattle. The ad- verse effects on production traits tended to increase as the number of treatments increased. Potential decrease in performance and carcass merit observed in this study were associated with a decline of $23.23, $30.15, and $54.01 in carcass value when comparing cattle never treated with cattle treated once, twice, or 3 or more times, respectively. The presence of lung lesions did not have a significant effect on any of the traits; however, there was an association between the presence of active bronchial lymph nodes and less productivity of feedlot cattle.
“Bouncing back” from a loss: A statistical artifact

Baseball teams that have won the World Series show the ability to bounce back after losing a game during the Series (Nahinsky, 1991). These World Champion teams are more likely to win a game if they have lost the previous game in the Series than if they have won the previous game. This apparent motivational effect is produced by a statistical artifact resulting from the constraint that ultimately they are the winner of the Series. On the other hand, for teams that eventually win the World Series, the probability of winning any individual game is greater than one would expect by chance, even if one corrects for the fact that they will be the Series winner.
Eliminating voltage emergencies via software-guided code transformations

In recent years, circuit reliability in modern high-performance processors has become increasingly important. Shrinking feature sizes and diminishing supply voltages have made circuits more sensitive to microprocessor supply voltage fluctuations. These fluctuations result from the natural variation of processor activity as workloads execute, but when left unattended, these voltage fluctuations can lead to timing violations or even transistor lifetime issues. In this article, we present a hardware--software collaborative approach to mitigate voltage fluctuations. A checkpoint-recovery mechanism rectifies errors when voltage violates maximum tolerance settings, while a runtime software layer reschedules the program's instruction stream to prevent recurring violations at the same program location. The runtime layer, combined with the proposed code-rescheduling algorithm, removes 60p of all violations with minimal overhead, thereby significantly improving overall performance. Our solution is a radical departure from the ongoing industry-standard approach to circumvent the issue altogether by optimizing for the worst-case voltage flux, which compromises power and performance efficiency severely, especially looking ahead to future technology generations. Existing conservative approaches will have severe implications on the ability to deliver efficient microprocessors. The proposed technique reassembles a traditional reliability problem as a runtime performance optimization problem, thus allowing us to design processors for typical case operation by building intelligent algorithms that can prevent recurring violations.
Evidence of the adoption and implementation of a statewide childhood obesity prevention initiative in the New York State WIC Program: the NY Fit WIC process evaluation

Process evaluations are critical in determining whether outcome evaluations are warranted. This study assessed the extent to which a childhood obesity prevention initiative, NY Fit WIC, was adopted and implemented by the New York State Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Process data came from qualitative telephone interviews of 101 WIC local agency directors, following NY Fit WIC trainings. Activities were summarized and cross-tabulated by target level (i.e. participant, staff, agency or community) and by theoretical construct (i.e. knowledge promotion, skill building, self-efficacy or role modeling). Approximately 528 activities were reported across all WIC agencies. When activities were grouped into similar categories, 123 unique activities were identified. Agencies were more likely to implement physical activity-related activities (67%) than nutrition-related activities (33%). The majority of activities targeted WIC participants (47%) and staff (22%) and focused on skill building/self-efficacy (67%) among participants and on role modeling (61%) among staff. The involvement of all agencies shows a high level of adoption of the initiative. The diverse number of activities suggests that WIC local agencies tailored implementation to match their resources and clients’ needs as planned. These results suggest that an outcome evaluation is warranted to determine whether meaningful behavioral changes occurred among WIC participants and staff.
Accuracy of local absorbing boundary conditions for use with the vector Helmholtz equation

Frequency-domain procedures for 3-D electromagnetic scattering that are based on the vector Helmholtz differential equation must incorporate some form of radiation boundary condition to truncate the computational domain. Recently, a family of local absorbing boundary conditions has been developed for the 3-D vector case based on a general outward-propagating field. The authors present the error obtained using the 3-D vector absorbing boundary conditions as a function of boundary location and harmonic number. All the local boundary conditions degrade in accuracy as the harmonic index increases or as the radius of the boundary decreases. The error in the second-order condition is a significant improvement over that of the first-order condition and has been observed to be approximately the same for a given harmonic number as the second-order Bayliss-Turkel condition for the scalar problem. These results suggest that the second-order condition be used within numerical implementations. >
Mathematical representation of fuzzy membership functions

The most commonly used membership function distributions in fuzzy controllers are evenly-spaced triangular and trapezoidal membership functions which allow simple traversal routines to fuzzify the input. Evenly-spaced membership distributions become very sensitive to inaccuracies in the fuzzy representation of the input. The paper proposes a membership function shape and distribution which makes the fuzzified input more robust to biases in the fuzzified input. >
Minimally Invasive Trans-Portal Resection of Deep Intracranial Lesions

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of deep intra-axial lesions still requires microsurgical approaches that utilize retraction of deep white matter to obtain adequate visualization. We report our experience with a new tubular retractor system, designed specifically for intracranial applications, linked with frameless neuronavigation for a cohort of intraventricular and deep intra-axial tumors. METHODS: The ViewSite Brain Access System (Vycor, Inc) was used in a series of 9 adult and pediatric patients with a variety of pathologies. Histological diagnoses either resected or biopsied with the system included: colloid cyst, DNET, papillary pineal tumor, anaplastic astrocytoma, toxoplasmosis and lymphoma. The locations of the lesions approached include: lateral ventricle, basal ganglia, pulvinar/posterior thalamus and insular cortex. Post-operative imaging was assessed to determine extent of resection and extent of white matter damage along the surgical trajectory (based on T (2)/FLAIR and diffusion restriction/ADC signal). RESULTS: Satisfactory resection or biopsy was obtained in all patients. Radiographic analysis demonstrated evidence of white matter damage along the surgical trajectory in one patient. None of the patients experienced neurological deficits as a result of white matter retraction/manipulation. CONCLUSION: Based on a retrospective review of our experience, we feel that this access system, when used in conjunction with frameless neuronavigational systems, provides adequate visualization for tumor resection while permitting the use of standard microsurgical techniques through minimally invasive craniotomies. Our initial data indicate that this system may minimize white matter injury, but further studies are necessary.
On Generalized Revealed Preference Analysis

This paper considers the revealed preference implications of a fairly general optimization hypothesis under any finite number of constraints. It extends Afriat's seminal nonparametric analysis. The usefulness of the results are illustrated in two examples.
Rain-induced attenuation effects on C-band dual-polarization meteorological radars

An attenuation correction procedure is proposed and evaluated by simulations using raindrop size distribution obtained from ground-based disdrometer measurements. The results show that under certain conditions it is possible to retrieve C-band reflectivity factor (Z/sub H/) and differential reflectivity (Z/sub DR/) radar observables affected by attenuation along rain-filled propagation paths. Rainfall rates estimated from Z/sub H/ and Z/sub DR/ with and without attenuation correction are compared to determine the effects of attenuation and the capability of the correction procedure to account for it. >
Sex & the Scientific Method: Using Condoms to Engage College Students

Teaching the scientific method can be a challenge for any teacher, and finding a way to engage students can become more difficult as culture changes. Sex has always been an interesting and popular topic for students, so I used mini-lessons in safer sex, STIs, and condoms as tools to teach the scientific method. Student engagement and effort were higher than usual.
Coupled changes in oxygen concentration and pH caused by metabolism of benthic coral reef organisms

Benthic marine primary producers affect the chemistry of their surrounding environment through metabolic processes. Photosynthesis and respiration will elevate or depress the concentration of oxygen in the diffusive boundary layer. Likewise, acid–base regulation and biomineralization/dissolution for calcifying species can alter the relative concentration of inorganic carbon species and thus pH. Here, we measured the relative ability of several common benthic primary producers from coral reef systems of the central Pacific and the Caribbean to simultaneously affect seawater oxygen concentration and pH values. Repeated measurements over a diel cycle confirmed that several primary producers substantially alter surrounding seawater chemistry over time. The majority of fleshy algae exhibited a stoichiometric ratio of oxygen to hydrogen ions not significantly different from one during daylight hours. In contrast, calcifiers exhibited significantly lower oxygen to hydrogen ion ratios that were unique for each species and were inversely correlated with known rates of calcification. These data provide the first quantitative estimates of the simultaneous influence of several species of benthic primary producers on water column oxygen concentrations and pH across different tropical reef systems. Finally, because more productive fleshy taxa have the potential to raise both oxygen and pH during the day to a greater extent than calcified species, our results suggest that some fleshy taxa may provide a buffering capacity to future ocean acidification scenarios.
Special Problems in the Elderly

With aging, the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and brain lose mass. While not inherently impaired, the reserve capacity of the older individual to compensate for stress, metabolic derangement, and drug metabolism is increasingly limited. Functional disability occurs faster and takes longer to remediate, necessitating early preventive interventions.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction Between Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Oxide

Quantitative X-ray diffraction methods were used to define the kinetics of spinel formation. Diffusion controlled reaction rate constants were calculated on the basis of the reaction models of Jander, Dunwald-Wagner, Valensi, Zhuravlev et al., Ginstling-Brounshte'n, and Kroger-Ziegler. The model proposed by Valensi is valid for describing solid-solid reaction rates in the later stages of the reaction. Inert markers indicated that diffusion of zinc ions through the spinel layer is the rate controlling mechanism. The activation energy for the process is 54,200 cal/mole. In the early stages of the reaction there is a second-order phase boundary kinetic process with an activation energy of 28,700 cal/ mole. The rate of chemical combination at the zinc-oxide-spinel phase boundary is believed to be rate controlling.
Efficient fair algorithms for message communication

Abstract A computer network serves distributed applications by communicating messages between their remote ends. Many such applications desire minimal delay for their messages. Beside this efficiency objective, allocation of the network capacity is also subject to the fairness constraint of not shutting off communication for any individual message. Processor Sharing (PS) is a de facto standard of fairness but provides significantly higher average delay than Shortest Remaining Processing Time (SRPT), which is an optimally efficient but unfair algorithm. In this paper, we explore efficient fair algorithms for message communication where fairness means that no message is delivered later than under PS. First, we introduce a slack system to characterize fair algorithms completely and develop efficient fair algorithms called Pessimistic Fair Sojourn Protocol (PFSP), Optimistic Fair Sojourn Protocol (OFSP), and Shortest Fair Sojourn (SFS). Then, we prove that a fair online algorithm does not assure minimal average delay attainable with fairness. Our analysis also reveals lower bounds on worst-case inefficiency of fair algorithms. We conduct extensive simulations for various distributions of message sizes and arrival times. During either temporary overload or steady-state operation, SFS and other newly proposed fair algorithms support SRPT-like efficiency and consistently provide much smaller average delay than PS.
Treatment Trial for Retinitis Pigmentosa

We conducted a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial to determine whether supplements of vitamin A or vitamin E alone or in combination affect the course of retinitis pigmentosa. We found that the course of retinal degeneration as monitored by the ERG was slower on average among adult patients taking a supplement of 15,000 IU/day of vitamin A in the palmitate form, whereas the course appeared to be hastened by supplementation with 400 IU/day of vitamin E.
Effect of comorbid anxiety disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a social stressor in major depression.

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often complicated by anxiety symptoms, and anxiety disorders occur in approximately 30% of mood cases. This study examined the influence of anxiety comorbidity on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress in patients with MDD. Methods Untreated subjects with pure MDD ( n = 15), MDD with comorbid anxiety disorders ( n = 18), and pure anxiety disorders ( n = 15) were recruited by advertising. Age- and gender-matched control subjects were recruited for each subject with a psychiatric diagnosis ( n = 48). All subjects underwent a social stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and blood was collected for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol assay. Results When all depressed patients ( n = 33) were compared with their matched control subjects ( n = 33), they showed a significantly greater ACTH response to the stressor; however, this exaggerated ACTH response was exclusively due to the depressed group with comorbid anxiety disorders. A similar but nonsignificant effect was observed in the cortisol response. Subjects with pure mood or pure anxiety disorders showed normal ACTH and cortisol responses to the TSST. All patient groups showed similar levels of TSST-induced anxiety. Conclusions Comorbid anxiety disorders might play a role in the increased activation of the HPA axis observed in patients with major depression.
Development of selective partner preferences in captive male and female meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus

Abstract Intraspecific social systems vary considerably as a function of environmental parameters (Lott 1984,Behaviour, 88, 266–325). For example, nonmonogamous species may engage in facultative partner preferences and parenting to offset the costs associated with harsher breeding conditions. Because no field or laboratory research has examined nonmonogamous meadow voles under suboptimal conditions (e.g. low-density summer populations or during colder months), it was not known whether meadow voles could form affiliative preferences for a specific partner. The aim of this experiment was to identify whether meadow voles develop selective partner preferences and if so, under what circumstances. We assessed partner preferences using a choice apparatus in which the test animal chose to spend time with a familiar mate or stranger. We paired and tested males and females (within photoperiod) under one of five different conditions: after 24 h, 10 days, or 23 days of cohabitation with mating or after 24 h or 10 days of cohabitation without mating. Male and female meadow voles rapidly formed selective partner preferences for a familiar mate when compared with controls in nearly every condition, regardless of photoperiod, cohabitation duration, or whether mating did or did not occur. Within 24 h, males directed significantly more aggression towards unfamiliar animals, and mating enhanced this effect. For females, 24 h of social cohabitation was sufficient to decrease aggression towards partners, but stranger-directed aggression appeared later, following delivery of the litter. These data suggest that meadow voles are capable of developing selective partner preferences and stranger-directed aggression and may have evolved these abilities to maximize reproductive success during the colder months of the year or under low population density during the summer breeding season.
General Systems Precursor Theory as a Supplement to Wren's Framework for Studying Management History: The Case of Human Resource/Personnel Management

Human resources/personnel management, a subdiscipline of business administration, is examined as a metadiscipline. Support for the metadisciplinary treatment is found in an evolutionary analysis of the field, drawing from system precursors theory. Extensions of this viewpoint are made and indications of likely future developments in the HR/PM area are discussed. An analysis of the advantages of the treatment of academic sub-disciplines as metadisciplines over traditional “phase-oriented” approach is presented and directions for future research are suggested.
Association and Colocalization of the Kvβ1 and Kvβ2 β-Subunits with Kv1 α-Subunits in Mammalian Brain K+Channel Complexes

The differential expression and association of cytoplasmic β-subunits with pore-forming α-subunits may contribute significantly to the complexity and heterogeneity of voltage-gated K + channels in excitable cells. Here we examined the association and colocalization of two mammalian β-subunits, Kvβ1 and Kvβ2, with the K + channel α-subunits Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.4, Kv1.6, and Kv2.1 in adult rat brain. Reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation experiments using subunit-specific antibodies indicated that Kvβ1 and Kvβ2 associate with all the Kv1 α-subunits examined, and with each other, but not with Kv2.1. A much larger portion of the total brain pool of Kv1-containing channel complexes was found associated with Kvβ2 than with Kvβ1. Single- and multiple-label immunohistochemical staining indicated that Kvβ1 codistributes extensively with Kv1.1 and Kv1.4 in cortical interneurons, in the hippocampal perforant path and mossy fiber pathways, and in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Kvβ2 codistributes extensively with Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 in all brain regions examined and was strikingly colocalized with these α-subunits in the juxtaparanodal region of nodes of Ranvier as well as in the axons and terminals of cerebellar basket cells. Taken together, these data provide a direct demonstration that Kvβ1 and Kvβ2 associate and colocalize with Kv1 α-subunits in native tissues and provide a biochemical and neuroanatomical basis for the differential contribution of Kv1 α- and β-subunits to electrophysiologically diverse neuronal K + currents.
Silver coordination complexes of 2-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)aminopyridine with weakly interacting counterions

Abstract A tri-functional ligand (Ph2PCH2)NH(2-C5H4N), DPAP-2, has been synthesized via the Mannich condensation reaction and its coordination behavior has been studied with various Ag(I) salts. The ligand is capable of P-coordination, P,N-chelation, and P,N-bridging to form Ag(I) complexes that range from discrete to 1-dimensional polymeric structures. In the 1:2 reaction of AgBF4 with DPAP-2, a 4-coordinate Ag(I) structure with P,N′-chelation is isolated (1). A counterion effect is observed in the equimolar reactions of AgX (2: X = BF4− and 3: X = tfa−) with DPAP-2, where the structures isolated are a dimer and a 1-dimensional polymer, respectively. When an equivalent of 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-dipyridyl (5,5′-dmbpy) was incorporated to the equimolar reaction of AgX and DPAP-2, three isostructural complexes resulted (4: X = BF4−, and supplementary structures S1: X = tfa−, and S2: X = OTf−). In the 2:1:2 reaction of AgX (5: X = BF4− and 6: X = tfa−) with DPAP-2 and 5,5′-dmbpy, two distinct complexes are isolated where DPAP-2 adopts a syn- and anti-arrangement, respectively.
Spatial and symmetry constraints as the basis of the virial theorem and astrophysical implications

By exploring diverse simple cases, we show that the virial theorem (VT) of Clausius rests on limits of integration in temporal averages being specified by spatial symmetry, rather than on long dura...
Standard based Personal Mobile Health Record System

Major paradigm shift in healthcare industry was done when ONC announced meaningful use (MU) on the electronic health record (EHR) systems, namely from clinician-centered to patient-centered. The shift is based on some major concepts such as interoperability of patient records, continuity of care, and evidence-based treatment. In order to improve patient care and associated outcomes, each individual must have control over their own health information in its entirety. Such control may help provide connectivity among care providers and patient. In this paper, we propose a personal mobile health record system that is based on currently available medical standards such as HL7, DICOM and SNOMED CT and cloud technologies that can help satisfy those major concepts in personal healthcare.
American Indian Literature: Traditions and Translations

is to be applauded as a recognition of the many literary traditions of this continent; however, lacking specific training, many professors find themselves confronting a number of unknowns. The images, the landscapes, and the characters of American Indian literature are unfamiliar to many scholars trained in American universities. Further, existing anthologies of American Indian literature often suggest a false division between traditional oral literature and contemporary writing by authors such as Leslie Silko, N. Scott Momaday, and James Welch. The division is false because the oral songs and stories cannot be assumed to be in the past, but rather must be seen as part of living ceremonies and a viable component of present-day Indian reality. And contemporary writers, although writing in English and in western genres-the novel and the poemderive much of their power from the oral literary tradition. These writers see themselves as carrying on age-old patterns and structuring them to accommodate contemporary experience. The contemporary literature gives most teachers less trouble, however, than the anthologized poems and stories ascribed to anonymous creators. There are several misconceptions about this literature which comes to us classified as "oral." For too long the stories and songs appeared in children's books about a generalized group called "Indians" or as humanistic sidenotes in history books that referred elsewhere to the "savages." Jennette Henry of the Indian Historical Society has taken issue with the frequency with which American Indian literature is referred to as folklore, which to some people suggests that it is not a major literature. American Indian literature ranks with other great literary traditions of the past and the present. The oral tradition of the Native American is no less significant than the
Abstract 68: Increased H3K27 trimethylation is associated with decreased expression of miRNAs and bivalently modified genes in rhabdoid tumors

Background: Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive tumors of infancy for which no effective treatment is currently available. These tumors are characterized by genetic loss of the SMARCB1 (SNF5, INI-1) component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. We previously reported an overall pattern of repression of genes associated with bivalent histone modification in embryonic stem cells within RT. We hypothesize that loss of SMARCB1 in RT results in an overall failure to release the repressive (H3K27) histone methylation in genes responsible for early differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using antibodies specific for permissive (H3K4) and H3K27 trimethylation, comparing an RT cell line (G-410) with a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293). In addition, we report the global miRNA analysis of RT using the Illumina 96-sample Universal Matrix Array. Results: Those genes previously shown by others to be direct targets of SMARCB1 (PTN, CDK2NA, ATP1B1, HESR1, and FZD7) and genes previously shown to be down-regulated in RT (CDH2, SPON1, LEF1, SOX11, CDKN1B, SERPINE2, SPOCK1, DOCK4) all showed a significantly higher ratio of H3K27 methylation to H3K4 methylation (1.5-fold to 130-fold) in G410 cells compared with HEK293. In contrast, genes shown to have increased expression in RT (TFRC and DDX21) showed increased H3K4 methylation. Global miRNA analysis demonstrated striking downregulation of 156/158 (p Summary: Gene and miRNA expression strongly correlate with histone methylation patterns in the RT cell line. This suggests that loss of SMARCB1 in RTs results in striking repression of gene and miRNA expression which may be due to aberrant repressive (H3K27) histone methylation. The use of histone methylation inhibitors may therefore merit investigation for this pediatric tumor for which there is no effective therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 68. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-68
Infectious Disease Prevention: Hospital and Office.

1. Timothy Flynn, MD* 2. Steven Spencer, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD. 1. 1. Kimberlin DW, 2. Long SS, 3. Brady MT Infection Control and Prevention for Hospitalized Children. In: Kimberlin DW, Long SS, Brady MT, eds. 2015 Red Book: Report of the Committed on Infectious Diseases. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015:161-174 2. 1. Wenzel R, 2. Brewer T, 3. Butzler J-P Isolation of Communicable Diseases. In: Wenzel R, Brewer T, Butzler J-P, eds. A Guide to Infection Control in the Hospital. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: International Society for Infectious Diseases; 2002:6–10 3. 1. Siegel JD, 2. Rhinehart E, 3. Jackson M, 4. Chiarello L 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/pdf/isolation/isolation2007.pdf 4. 1. Saiman L, 2. Siegel JD, 3. LiPuma JJ, 4. et al Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update. Saiman L, Siegel JD, LiPuma JJ, et al; Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014;35(suppl 1):S1–S67 [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2] Transmission of infectious diseases in the health-care setting is a major source of morbidity. Patients, health-care workers, and visitors are at risk for contracting infectious diseases when they come into contact with patients in the inpatient or ambulatory environment. Universal precautions are designed to protect health-care workers from blood-borne pathogens. Initially developed with a focus on preventing the spread of human immunodeficiency virus, these precautions now aim to prevent spread of all blood-borne pathogens, including hepatitis B virus. Universal precautions embrace the principle that all patients, regardless of history, should be considered potential sources of blood-borne pathogens. Universal precautions advocate the use of barriers (gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns) to protect mucous membranes and breaks in the skin from exposure to blood and other body fluids, including cerebrospinal, amniotic, and other fluids,that may be contaminated with blood. Specific precautions depend on the possibility … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DInfect%2BControl%2BHosp%2BEpidemiol%26rft.volume%253D35%26rft.spage%253DS1%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25025126%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=25025126&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F36%2F11%2F511.atom
Change of interleukin-23 level in mouse asthma model and its action mechanism

Objective To measure the change of serum interleukin-23(IL-23) level before and after treatment with glucocortcoid and analyze the correlations between levels of IL-23 and IL-4,IFN-γ,IL-17,and explore the role of IL-23 in bronchial asthma.Methods Thirty femal BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three group(n=10): group A(asthma model),group B(corticosteroid treatment) and group C(normal control).All mice were killed 24 h after final OVA challenge.The blood samples were obtained for measurements of serum IgE,IL4,IFN-γ,IL-17and IL-23 levels by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA).Results The mouse asthma model appeared ethological changes specific to asthma.The level of OVA specific IgE in serum increased.The level of serum IL-4 increased and the level of IFN-γ decreased.Correlation analysis showed negative relationship between IL-4 and IFN-γ(r=-0.859,P0.01),there existed Th1/Th2 imbalance.The level of serum IL-23 in group A was higher than that in group C(P0.01).In mice treated with inhaled budesonide(group B),the level of serum IL-23 was lower than that in group A(P0.01).The concentration of IL-23 had no correlation with both IL-4 and IFN-γ.There was a positive correlation between the levels of serum IL-23 and IL-17(r=0.763,P0.01).Conclusion IL23 in serum might be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma,and could be inhibited by inhaled glucocorticoid.IL-23 has no relationship with IFN-γ and IL-4.It suggested that IL-23 might contribute to the development of asthma indirectly by inducing IL-17 generation.
Research on Monitoring System for Rice Seedling Shed Based on Internet of Things in Liaoning Province

In Liaoning province,rice seedling shed had low production efficiency,high cost of production,waste of human resources and low level of intelligence. To solve the problems,this study designed a intelligent monitoring system using electronic technology,communication technology,sensor technology and computer technology to achieve real-time acquisition of environmental parameters,intelligent control and data display in the control center. The system employed wireless communication to solve the wiring problem and it had advantages of flexible sensor network,powerful intelligent control algorithm and high stability.
Epidemiological analysis of patients injured by animals in Xicheng(north) district of Beijing,2010-2013

Objective To understand the epidemiological characters of patients injured by animals in Xicheng( north)District,and to provide scientific evidence for rabies control. Methods Data of 28 165 patients who visited rabies clinics and received vaccinations during 2010- 2013 were selected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results Patients injured by animals were reduced by years during the study period. Most cases appeared between May and August and the peak incidence occurred in June. The sex ratio of male to female was 0. 81: 1. Most patients were 20- 29 years old young people and workers. The main injured parts of the body were hand( 59. 87%),followed by leg( 24. 43%). 77. 66% of the patients received treatment within 24 hours. Among Ⅲ-level exposure patients, only 32. 28% were immunized with rabies immunoglobulin. Dogs( 75. 54%) and cats( 18. 94%) were the main attacking animals. More than two thirds of domestic animals were unvaccinated within a year. Conclusion Residents in Xicheng( north) District had the knowledge and the selfprotection awareness of rabies. However,the management of animals and education of rabies prevention still need to be improved.
A Monitor and Control System of Generator Set Based on Labview

The monitor and control system of a generator set based on Labview is developed by applying the computer and test technology.The software and hardware of the system are outlined.Labview is used as the supervisory and control software,and PLC is used control.The communication is achieved by the OPC interface and thus simplify the develop-ment procedure and shorten the development period.
On-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for protein characterization

A microdiaiysis junction, based on a microdialysis membrane connecting both a separation capillary and a short, sharply tapered microelectrospray emitter capillary, is demonstrated for on-line combination of capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). The microdialysis junction provides the necessary electrical connection across the dialysis membrane for defining the electric fields needed for the CIEF separation and the electrospray process. Additionally, post-separation acidification of focused protein zones eluted from the CIEF capillary is achieved using the microdialysis junction while maintaining separation efficiency and resolution. A microelectrospray emitter produces a stable electrospray of protein analytes without the need for a makeup liquid flow and eliminates any subsequent sample dilution and reduction in MS sensitivity. The microdialysis junction is advantageous over the coaxial liquid sheath interface as evidenced by the simplicity in operation procedures, the enhancement in
Multilayer virtual infrastructure mapping in IP over WDM networks

We propose a novel algorithm to address multilayer virtual infrastructure mapping in IP over WDM networks. Through effectively aggregating traffic flows, the algorithm can reduce the blocking probability by 19% compared to the baseline algorithm.
Spontaneous endometriosis associated with an umbilical hernia: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction Umbilical endometriosis occurring in the presence of an underlying hernia is extremely rare and presents a diagnostic challenge for the general surgeon. We present an interesting case and perform a comprehensive review of the literature.
Dielectric loss in porous TiO2

Abstract The dielectric loss behavior of TiO 2 was characterized on samples of variable porosity and variable pore size. Pores were formed by two methods: varying the sintering temperature and by the addition of a spherical carbon porogen. Porosities varied from 5.9% to 59.3%. Dielectric loss increased with increasing pore volume in each case. However, dielectric loss increased at a slower rate for porogen induced pores. At equivalent pore volumes, pore surface area volumes were higher than those induced using the porogen. Dielectric loss behavior was shown to vary linearly with pore surface area. Our work demonstrates that large pores reduce free surface area and decrease dielectric loss when compared to similar samples with smaller pores. A new model of porous dielectric loss is proposed that characterizes materials based on generalized free surface area instead of porosity alone. Based on this model, we show that the relative loss of porous dielectrics depends critically on the pore surface area and the loss tangent of the parent dielectric.
Controversies in Forensic Pathology: Results of a 2010 Survey of Name Fellows:

There is a growing movement in the forensic sciences to base our opinions on a foundation of evidence based science rather than anecdotes, the idiosyncrasies of our mentors, and fervent pontificati...
High technology as a commercial asset

In this paper, presented to the 'Licensing in Europe' Conference, 23–24 June 1988, London, the author argues for an extended concept of technology transfer and exchange, which combines technology commercialization and technology acquisition. A 'cross–fertilization' model is proposed as a mechanism to help identify alternative opportunities applicable to the extended technology transfer and exchange process.
Common-mode equivalent modeling of a notional two-zone MVDC ship power system

Future naval medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) power systems will contain a large number of power electronic devices. The switching events from these devices will produce undesirable effects, such as common-mode (ground) current through coupling of the power system and the ships hull. Historically, research in the area of electromagnetic characterization provides insight into common-mode and conduction currents within a specific component. However, there have been relatively few studies developed to understand the impacts of these common-mode drivers in the context of a full system. The aim of this paper is to provide further study of these system-level impacts. This paper utilizes a formalized common-mode modeling approach to further the discussion and research into common-mode issues in the system context. A brief review of the approach is provided. The approach is then applied to a representative notional two-zone MVDC simulation model.
The 1990–1991 European Communities-Balkans Crisis

This chapter considers the EC’s response to conflict in Yugoslavia in 1990–1991. Initially, EC members did not recognize the crisis’ potential for violence. However, previous economic and political achievements and a desire to put in place a Common Foreign and Security Policy and enhance its global reputation encouraged the EC to engage this security challenge. In the end, the EC could only agree to devote diplomatic attention to the problem, mediate, impose an arms embargo, and curtail financial support; no member was willing to commit peacekeeping forces without Serbian acquiescence and an effective ceasefire in place. The EC called upon the UN to assume responsibility for the conflict, in what is regarded as a policy failure and a turning point in the REO’s development.