cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures of binary compounds of meldonium 3-(1,1,1-tri-methyl-hydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)prop-ano-ate with sodium bromide and sodium iodide.

3-(1,1,1-Tri­methyl­hydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)propano­ate (C6H14N2O2, M, more commonly known under its commercial names Meldonium or Mildronate) co-crystalizes with sodium bromide and sodium iodide forming polymeric hydrates poly[[tetra-μ-aqua-di­aqua­bis­[3-(1,1,1-tri­methyl­hydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)propano­ate]disodium] dibromide tetra­hydrate], [Na2(C6H14N2O2)2(H2O)6]Br2·4H2O, and poly[[di-μ-aqua-di­aqua­[μ-3-(1,1,1-tri­methyl­hydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)propano­ate]disodium] diiodide], [Na2(C6H14N2O2)2(H2O)4]I2. The coordination numbers of the sodium ions are 6; the coordination polyhedra can be described as distorted octa­hedra. Metal ions and M zwitterions are assembled into infinite layers via electrostatic inter­actions and hydrogen-bonded networks. These layers are connected via electrostatic attraction between halogenide ions and positive tri­methyl­hydrazinium groups into a three-dimensional structure.
Proceedings of the Fourth International American Moroccan Agricultural Sciences Conference - AMAS Conference IV, May 9-11, 2018, Meknes, Morocco

The International American Moroccan Agricultural Sciences Conference (AMAS Conference; www.amas-conference.org) is an international conference organized by the High Council of Moroccan American Scholars and Academics (HC-MASA; www.hc-masa.org) in collaboration with various universities and research institutes in Morocco. AMAS IV was held on May 9-11, 2018 in Meknes, Morocco. The current proceedings summarizes abstracts from 73 oral presentations and 168 posters that were presented during AMAS Conference IV.
Exploring Principal Leadership for Math and Science

Public schools throughout the United States face increasing pressure to improve student achievement in math and science. As instructional leaders, principals find themselves facing this pressure he...
Hospitality and prosumption

Hospitality and the hospitality industry need to be reevaluated in the era of the new prosumer and smart prosuming machines. Traditional notions of hospitality hearken back to an earlier era and ongoing changes are forcing us to reconsider them. Among those changes are the decline of settings that offer hospitality; the decline of employment opportunities for workers in that industry; the decline in the opportunities to offer hospitality for the workers that remain; a decline in interest in hospitality on the part of consumers; the automation of hospitality; and the increasingly stratified nature of the hospitality industry. Overall, given the increasing affluence of the developed world, and of the elites in all parts of the world, the hospitality industry will survive. However, it will increasingly be bifurcated into a small number of settings that offer elites the kind of hospitality we traditionally associate with the industry and a vast majority of settings that offer what is best described as inhospitality to everyone else. Keywords: Hospitableness, inhospitality, prosumption, smart prosuming machines, McDonaldisation
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-Assisted Voltage Regulation: A New Power Delivery Scheme

Convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms are utilized to build a machine learning block to assist the optimizations of voltage noise, temperature distribution, and security of multi-phase on-chip switched-capacitor (SC) voltage converters. All the random sequences generated by the pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) are fed into the designed machine learning block in an SC converter sequentially to filter the unsatisfactory sequences. The results show that the maximum amplitude of the voltage noise and the highest temperature of the SC converter are reduced by 68.98% and 12.07%, respectively, while a negligible security degradation is achieved under the assistance of machine learning.
Effects of surfactants on mechanical and thermal properties of soy-based polyurethane foams:

Polyurethane foams are widely used for insulation applications due to their high insulation properties as compared to conventional materials such as extruded polystyrene foam and mineral wool. In t...
Mucosal vaccine adjuvant cyclic di-GMP differentiates lung moDCs into Bcl6+ and Bcl6− mature moDCs to induce lung memory CD4+ TH cells and lung TFH cells respectively

Abstract Induction of lung T-cell responses, including memory CD4+ TH and TFH cells, are highly desirable for vaccines against respiratory infections. We recently showed that the non-migratory monocytes-derived DCs (moDCs) induced lung TFH cells. However, the DCs subset inducing lung CD4+ memory TH cells is unknown. Here, using conditional knockout mice and adoptive cell transfer, we first established that moDCs are essential for lung mucosal, but are dispensable for systemic, vaccine responses. Next, we showed that intranasal administration of adjuvant cyclic di-GMP differentiated lung moDCs into Bcl6+ and Bcl6- moDCs promoting lung memory TH cells and lung TFH cells, respectively. Mechanistically, soluble TNF from lung TNFR2+ cDC2 subpopulation mediates the induction of lung Bcl6+ moDCs. Last, we designed fusion proteins targeting soluble or transmembrane TNF to lung moDCs and generated Bcl6+, Bcl6- lung moDCs respectively. Together, our study revealed lung mature moDCs heterogeneity and showed a moDCs-targeting strategy to enhance lung mucosal vaccine responses.
Role of FIP200 in inflammatory processes beyond its canonical autophagy function

FIP200 (RB1CC1) is a critical regulator of canonical macroautophagy and has also emerged as a crucial regulator of selective autophagy as well as inflammatory processes. The illumination of FIP200's role in autophagy at the molecular level has been accompanied by studies demonstrating the importance of its autophagy function in physiological processes in mammals and pathological contexts such as cancer. However, there is an increasing appreciation that most, if not all of the autophagy genes, also play a role in other processes such as LC3-associated phagocytosis, vesicle trafficking and protein secretion. Consequently, this has led to efforts in generating specific mutants of autophagy genes that are more amenable to dissecting their autophagy versus non-autophagy functions. In this aspect, we have generated a FIP200 knock-in mouse allele that is defective for canonical macroautophagy. This has revealed a canonical-autophagy-independent function of FIP200 that is responsible for limiting pro-inflammatory signaling. In this review, we will discuss FIP200's role in this process, the implications with regards to cancer immunotherapy and highlight key prospective avenues to specifically dissect the distinct functions of FIP200.
An interdisciplinary view on team creativity: Toward integration across fields

Abstract This edited volume provides views and perspectives of researchers studying creativity from various social scientific areas including education, psychology, management, and entrepreneurship. This chapter concludes the book and provides an integrative view of team creativity by bridging the different research areas and chapters.
Axions, Higher-Groups, and Emergent Symmetry

Axions, periodic scalar fields coupled to gauge fields through the instanton density, have a rich variety of higher-form global symmetries. These include a two-form global symmetry, which measures the charge of axion strings. As we review, these symmetries typically combine into a higher-group, a kind of non-abelian structure where symmetries that act on operators of different dimensions, such as points, lines, and strings, are mixed. We use this structure to derive model independent constraints on renormalization group flows that realize theories of axions at long distances. These give universal inequalities on the energy scales where various infrared symmetries emerge. For example, we show that in any UV completion of axion-Yang-Mills, the energy scale at which axion strings can decay is always larger than the mass scale of charged particles.
Three-photon discrete-energy-entangled W state in optical fiber

The tripartite W state exhibits maximal entanglement between three parties, represented as 1/sqrt(3)(|001>+|010>+|100>), and has interesting applications for quantum communication, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, and in quantum sensing and quantum computing. We experimentally demonstrate the generation of a three-photon discrete-energy-entangled W state in optical fiber. The source relies on multiphoton-pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing, and post-selection. By taking advantage of constraints imposed by the SFWM process, post-selection, and the properties of the W state, we verify the state produced by this source without resorting to frequency conversion.
A review and assessment of the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis for the maintenance of signal honesty in red ketocarotenoid-based coloration.

For decades, scientists have noted connections between individual condition and carotenoid-based coloration in terrestrial and aquatic animals. Organisms that produce more vibrant carotenoid-based coloration tend to have better physiological performance and behavioral displays compared to less colorful members of the same species. Traditional explanations for this association between ornamental coloration and performance invoked the need for color displays to be costly, but evidence for such hypothesized costs is equivocal. An alternative explanation for the condition-dependence of carotenoid-based coloration, the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis, was developed in response. This hypothesis proposes that red ketocarotenoid-based coloration is tied to core cellular processes involving a shared pathway with mitochondrial energy metabolism, making the concentration of carotenoids an index of mitochondrial function. Since the presentation of this hypothesis, empirical tests of the mechanisms proposed therein have been conducted in many species. In this manuscript, we review the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis and the growing number of studies that have investigated a connection between carotenoid-based coloration and mitochondrial function. We also discuss future strategies for assessing the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis to more effectively disentangle evidence that may simultaneously support evidence of carotenoid-resource tradeoffs.
Culture and Language Issues

Increasingly, manned space missions are becoming cross-cultural and multinational, with members from various national and ethnic groups comprising the crew and Mission Control, and equipment and structural parts from many nations comprising the space vehicles and habitats. This trend toward cultural heterogeneity likely will continue in the future, so it is important to examine the impact of culture on space crewmembers. Although producing some stress early in a mission, differences among crewmembers can become an asset later on when monotony and homesickness can occur, and people seek out novel ideas and new relationships.
Predicting software development project outcomes

Case-based reasoning is a flexible methodology to manage software development related tasks. However, when the reasoner's task is prediction, there are a number of different CBR techniques that could be chosen to address the characteristics of a dataset. We examine several of these techniques to assess their accuracy in predicting software development project outcomes (i.e., whether the project is a success or failure) and identify critical success factors within our data. We collected the data from software developers who answered a questionnaire targeting a software development project they had recently worked on. The questionnaire addresses both technical and managerial features of software development projects. The results of these evaluations are compared with results from logistic regression analysis, which serves as a comparative baseline. The research in this paper can guide design decisions in future CBR implementations to predict the outcome of projects described with managerial factors.
The diagnostic and clinical impact of genetics and epigenetics in acute myeloid leukemia.

Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease, for which our understanding of the role of genetic and epigenetic changes has undergone significant advancements. Newer diagnostic and prognostic classifications have increasingly incorporated such information, and novel therapies have been developed to target specific genes, processes, and pathways based on this growing understanding. Given the rapid evolution of this field, it is critical for physicians and translational researchers to have a more in-depth understanding of this evolving landscape. Here, we review both genetics and epigenetics in acute myeloid leukemia from a practical standpoint.
Studies on the protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions involved in retinol transport in plasma.

Abstract Studies were conducted to examine the chemical and physical properties of human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin (PA), and the factors affecting their interaction with each other and with the ligands retinol and thyroxine, respectively. The effects of changes in temperature, pH, and urea concentration and the effects of reduction and alkylation of disulfide bonds and of iodination were assessed. Analytical ultracentrifuge studies established the formation of a 1:1 molar complex between the two proteins. The estimated molecular weight of the complex (approximately 70,000) was almost exactly the sum of the molecular weights of the individual proteins (PA, approximately 49,000 and RBP, 21,000). The complex was stable in the temperature range 4–42.5° and in the pH range 5.8 to 7.5. Considerable dissociation of the complex occurred as the pH was raised from 8.6 to 10.3. Addition of 6 m urea completely disrupted the RBP-PA complex, markedly reduced the affinity of PA for thyroxine, but did not interfere with the association of retinol with RBP. Only one of the two disulfide bonds of PA was readily accessible to reduction and alkylation. Reduction of this one disulfide bond did not affect the binding of either RBP or thyroxine to PA. In contrast, both disulfide bonds of RBP were highly resistant to reduction. When the disulfide bonds of RBP were reduced and alkylated, however, the retinol-RBP complex was disrupted, and retinol was completely lost from the protein. Iodination of RBP up to the level of 4.3 atoms of iodine per molecule selectively interfered with the interaction of RBP with PA, without disrupting the retinol-RBP complex. These studies demonstrate that it is possible to affect selectively the different interactions involved in the RBP-PA system responsible for retinol transport in plasma.
Embedding an Affine Space in a Vector Space

For all practical purposes, curves and surfaces live in affine spaces. A disadvantage of the affine world is that points and vectors live in disjoint universes. It is often more convenient, at least mathematically, to deal with linear objects (vector spaces, linear combinations, linear maps), rather than affine objects (affine spaces, affine combinations, affine maps). Actually, it would also be advantageous if we could manipulate points and vectors as if they lived in a common universe, using perhaps an extra bit of information to distinguish between them if necessary.
Science Teachers' Elicitation Practices: Insights for Formative Assessment.

In evaluating teachers' instructional decisions during instruction, it is clear that the nature of their elicitation is crucial for student learning. When instructional decisions are informed by information about students' conceptual understanding, significant learning is possible. This article examined the elicitation practices of two high school science teachers who indicated that they made instructional decisions based on the elicited evidence of students' knowledge but whose elicitation practices were characteristic of low-level elicitation. The teachers focused on students' responses that used canonical terms and expressed acceptable knowledge. The teachers demonstrated low-level responsiveness because they did not have full access to students' knowledge. The elicited evidence of students' knowledge that was used in making instructional decisions was not representative of students' conceptual understanding. There was, thus, a mismatch between the teachers' perspectives about their formative assessmen...
Chemical Equilibrium Detonation

Energetic materials are unique for having a strong exothermic reactivity, which has made them desirable for both military and commercial applications. The fundamental principles outlined in this chapter pertain to the study of detonation in both gas-phase and condensed-phase energetic materials, but our main focus will be on the condensed ones, particularly on high explosives (HEs). They share many properties with other classes of condensed energetic compounds such as propellants and pyrotechnics, but a detailed understanding of detonation is especially important for numerous HE applications. The usage and study of HE materials goes back more than a century, but many questions remain to be answered, e.g., on their reaction pathways at high pressures and temperatures, chemical properties, etc.
Effect of moisture on thermal resistance of some insulations in a flat roof under field-type conditions

Specimens of glass fiber, phenolic foam, and extruded polystyrene foam insulation with moisture contents ranging up to about 25 percent by volume were mounted in the roof of an experimental building. The interior of the building was maintained at about 21/sup 0/C and normal weather conditions prevailed outside. Thermocouples were located at the upper and lower surface of each insulation specimen and at the quarter points of some specimens. A calibrated heat flow meter was used to measure heat flow through each specimen continuously for a period ranging from about 7 1/2 to 18 months for wet specimens and somewhat less for some of the dry ones. Heat flow rates were plotted against temperature difference using daily arithmetic averages in most cases; two-week averages were used in a few cases. For open-cell and fibrous insulations of 20 percent moisture content, heat flow rates exceeded rates for dry insulation by a factor of two or more. The data points were scattered. Inspection suggested that this was partly owing to moisture distribution, which affected the rate of heat flow at a given temperature difference. Measurements at the quarter points provided information about temperature gradients along the path of heat flow, and hencemore » about moisture distribution in the insulation These results suggested that moisture migrated to the upper layers in the wintertime, leaving the lower layers nearly dry. Ratios of heat flow in wet and dry specimens were in fairly good agreement with those obtained by other investigators.« less
Optogenetic cholinergic modulation of the mouse superior colliculus in vivo

The superior colliculus (SC) plays a critical role in orienting movements, in part by integrating modulatory influences on the sensorimotor transformations it performs. Many species exhibit a robust brain stem cholinergic projection to the intermediate and deep layers of the SC arising mainly from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), which may serve to modulate SC function. However, the physiological effects of this input have not been examined in vivo, preventing an understanding of its functional role. Given the data from slice experiments, cholinergic input may have a net excitatory effect on the SC. Alternatively, the input could have mixed effects, via activation of inhibitory neurons within or upstream of the SC. Distinguishing between these possibilities requires in vivo experiments in which endogenous cholinergic input is directly manipulated. Here we used anatomical and optogenetic techniques to identify and selectively activate brain stem cholinergic terminals entering the intermediate and deep layers of the awake mouse SC and recorded SC neuronal responses. We first quantified the pattern of the cholinergic input to the mouse SC, finding that it was predominantly localized to the intermediate and deep layers. We then found that optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic terminals in the SC significantly increased the activity of a subpopulation of SC neurons. Interestingly, cholinergic input had a broad range of effects on the magnitude and timing of SC responses, perhaps reflecting both monosynaptic and polysynaptic innervation. These findings begin to elucidate the functional role of this cholinergic projection in modulating the processing underlying sensorimotor transformations in the SC.
How a Court Accepted a Possible Explanation: A Comment on Gastwirth, Krieger, and Rosenbaum

Abstract In an example from a gender discrimination lawsuit, Gastwirth et al. (1995) concluded that a difference in proportions was far too large to be due to confounding by a covariate because the p-value for the Mantel-Haenszel (1959) test statistic conditional on the covariate was very small. A further analysis of the same example shows that this conclusion was unfounded. Even though the covariate was incompletely specified, it could have been responsible for most of the difference. Using a more complete specification, the same covariate could have been responsible for the entire difference. We conclude that, in legal proceedings and in general, the significance level of a test statistic conditional on a covariate is an unreliable measure of the degree to which confounding by the covariate contributes to a difference, especially if the covariate is inaccurately measured or incompletely specified.
Isolation and characterization of a maize chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene that produces high levels of mRNA in the dark

A cDNA libary prepared using mRNA isolated from red-light irradiated maize seedlings was screened by a difference procedure for clones that represent red-light regulated mRNA. Two such clones were found to represent mRNA for a chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB), and one of these (pAB1084) was used to screen a maize genomic library. One positive genomic clone (λAB1084) was isolated and sequenced. The gene represented by λAB1084, which we designate maize cab-1, contains extensive nucleotide homology within its protein coding region to CAB genes from other species. The boundaries of the transcribed region of the cab-1 gene were determined by S1 nuclease mapping. The 5′ terminus of cab-1 mRNA is located 52–54 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the translation start site and 34 nt downstream of a TATA box. As in the case of petunia CAB genes, several poly(A) addition sites are present in mRNA from the cab-1 gene. The 5′ flanking DNA of cab-1 contains sequences related to elements that have been implicated in the light-regulated expression of CAB and rccS genes in other plant systems. Quantitative Northern blot hybridization analysis using a gene specific probe for cab-1 indicates that the mRNA for this gene is present at 0.4% of the total mRNA and up to 80% of the total CAB mRNA in the leaves of dark-grown seedlings. In consequence, although the degree of up-regulation by white light is only moderate (3- to 6-fold), cab-1 transcripts account for approximately 2% of the mRNA in the leaves of light-grown seedlings.
Hot nip drawing: A rapid method of producing high modulus polypropylene films

There are many methods currently producing high modulus and high strength films and fibers in industry. This publication examines the results of a hot nip drawing process to produce high modulus PP films at a relatively rapid production rate. The effects of both temperature and rate of draw on the drawn material will also be examined.
Tuning-In 1 to Organizational Song as Aesthetic Discourse

In this article, the author explores organizational songs, referring to songs that are created by members of an organization as an expression of organizational culture. More specifically, the author is concerned with organizational songs as an expression of organizational culture, versus the better-known occupational songs that act as an expression of occupational culture. First, the study differentiates the genre of work songs (defined by the occupation of 'laborer') to discern organizational songs (defined by the occupation of "manager"). Second, this exploration reveals a musical expression of organizations; a musical expression that also serves as a form of organizational communication or organizational discourse--specifically an aesthetic communication or aesthetic discourse. A significance for organizational studies is asserted, as the study identifies organizational songs as expressive strategies: song as a form of organizational action and an attempt at organizational intervention; song as an orga...
The three‐dimensional shear velocity structure of the mantle from the inversion of body, surface and higher‐mode waveforms

SUMMARY We present a 3-D model of shear heterogeneity (Vsh) in the whole mantle, derived from the inversion of hand-picked body, surface and higher-mode waveforms. The forward and inverse problems are formulated using the non-linear asymptotic coupling theory, the zeroth-order asymptotic expansion of a Born seismogram computed by normal mode summation and including coupling across mode branches. We invert iteratively for mantle heterogeneity and for centroid moment tensors until convergence. Our model, SAW24B16, is parametrized laterally in spherical harmonics up to degree 24 and radially in 16 cubic b-splines with knots spaced to reflect the data sampling with depth. The power spectrum of the model is dominated by heterogeneity in the boundary layers at low degrees: degrees 5 and 6 near the surface and degree 2 near the core–mantle boundary. The rest of the lower mantle is dominated by degree 3. We find significant heterogeneity up to spherical harmonic degree 24 in the transition zone and the uppermost part of the lower mantle. Our model displays three slow domains extending continuously between uppermost and lowermost mantle, one originating under Africa and two in the Pacific. The results of our modelling also suggest an interaction near the surface between the anomalies in the Pacific and the network of mid-ocean ridges in the East Pacific, and between the African anomaly and the low-velocity zone in the Red Sea, the East African Rift, the Mid-Indian Ridge and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These anomalies appear to ascend into the upper mantle without altering their shape near the 670 km discontinuity. Fast anomalies accumulate near the 670 km discontinuity under the Southern Kurile, the Japan trench and the Izu arc, with little or no penetration into the lower mantle, in agreement with results from a variety of regional studies. Cross-sections through subduction zones such as the Marianas, Tonga–Kermadec, Java, the palaeosubduction zone beneath North America and the Peru–Chile trench show continuous fast structures penetrating into the lower mantle, with the depth of penetration varying from region to region. The distribution of both fast and slow anomalies near 670 km thus suggests that the discontinuity does not act as a strong barrier to upgoing and downgoing flow between the upper and the lower mantle.
A Comprehensive Model for Assessing the Unique Characteristics of Children With Autism

Autism is a low-incidence disability that is complex to assess and for which rates continue to increase. Assessment options for autism are reviewed and presented in the context of recent research and a comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessment model. The model involves three levels that yield data progressing from more subjective and general to more objective and specific. Each level provides unique information critical to verifying eligibility, planning instruction, and monitoring progress. Because of the complexity of autism, a systematic and comprehensive assessment approach is critical to reducing error in decisions regarding eligibility and treatment.
One dimensional finite element solutions for a Maxwell fluid

Abstract The one-dimensional flow of a Maxwell fluid is used to study several aspects of the numerical simulation of viscoelastic fluids. The numerical results are produced via a Galerkin finite element method of the mixed type and are compared with an analytic solution. The accuracy of the numerical solutions are evaluated with respect to variations in mesh refinement and changes in the interpolation order for the stress variables. Various convergence and accuracy problems associated with the chosen numerical schemes are noted and a tentative explanation for these difficulties is provided through use of an eigenvalue analysis.
The Fine Structure of Rhynchocystis pilosa (Sporozoa, Eugregarinida)

SYNOPSIS. The trophozoite of Rhynchocystis pilosa obtained from the seminal vesicles of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris was studied by light and electron microscopy. The trophozoite's cortical organization is particularly interesting because of its unusual evaginations and associated fibrillar structures. The pellicle is formed by 2 concentric membranes elevated into 60–70 alternating primary and secondary ridges extending posteriad. Numerous long ‘hairs’ or cytopilia originate along the primary ridges and each contains a system of fibrils originating from an underlying longitudinal myoneme. Longitudinal rows of pores lie between adjacent pollicular ridges. Three systems of fibrils lie in the cortex of the trophozoite. A longitudinal myoneme consisting of 12–18 fibrils lies below each primary pellicular ridge. Circular myonemes lie below the pellicle in a parallel array along the length of the organism. Each myoneme consists of 4–8 fibrils structurally similar to those of the longitudinal myonemes. Pairs of fine filaments also lie in the inner pellicular membrane along the apex of each ridge. The trophozoite's anterior end is modified as an attachment organelle consisting of 30–35 delicate pellicular folds which originate at the base of an anterior papilla. The folds extend approximately 15 μ posteriad where they become continuous with the primary pellicular ridges. The nucleus lies in the cytoplasm near the posterior level of the attachment organelle and is surrounded by a double membrane perforated by numerous pores. The cytoplasm contains numerous small vesicles which may be found in dense aggregations. These aggregations often occur in proximity to Golgi complexes and certain membrane-bound bodies. Mitochondria are abundant in the cytoplasm as are large, ovoid paraglycogen bodies. Occasionally layers of granular membranes are arranged parallel to the surface of the paraglycogen bodies but also occur thruout the cytoplasm.
Notes on regression in groups.

Abstract Regression, a term first introduced into the psychological literature by Breuer in 1896, 6 has become today one of the cornerstone concepts of most dynamic psychologies. Arlow and Brenner, in a very recent publication state, "Regression is a universal tendency of mental functioning." 2 The term first appeared in the psychoanalytic literature; later, in general psychiatric writing, in case work and general psychology, in sociological and anthropological work, in the field of education, and in the growing body of literature concerning group dynamics and group psychotherapy. These notes are a preliminary attempt to examine the concept of regression with particular reference to group process. I propose to review the concept from an historical point of view and to consider some aspects of the metapsychology of regression. Finally, I hope to present several propositions regarding the nature of regression in groups, the differences in regression encountered in group treatment as compared to other forms of psychotherapy and to consider the therapeutic implications in the light of my thesis.
Self-Focusing Effects and Applications Using Thin Nonlinear Media

A model of the nonlinear optical effects attending the interaction of a laser beam with a thin Kerr-type medium has been analyzed in detail. The formalism developed is applicable to both near- and far-field situations. Some possible applications are discussed.
Probing Interactions between Aggrecan and Mica Surface by the Atomic Force Microscopy

Aggrecan is a bottlebrush shaped macromolecule found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. The negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to its pro- tein backbone give aggrecan molecules a high charge density, which is essential for exerting high osmotic swelling pressure and resisting compression under external load. In solution, aggrecan assemblies are insensitive to the presence of calcium ions, and show distinct osmotic pressure versus concentration regimes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ionic environment on the structure of aggrecan molecules adsorbed onto well-controlled mica surfaces. The conformation of the aggrecan was visualized using Atomic Force Microscopy. On positively charged APS mica the GAG chains of the aggre- can molecules are distinguishable, and their average dimen- sions are practically unaffected by the presence of salt ions. With increasing aggrecan concentration they form clusters, and at higher concentrations they form a continuous mono- layer of conforming molecules. On negatively charged mica, the extent of aggrecan adsorption varies with salt composition. Understanding aggrecan adsorption onto a charged surface provides insight into its interactions with bone and implant surfaces in the biological milieu. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. † J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 2575-2581, 2010
Construal level theory applied to sixth graders’ creativity in craft constructions with integrated proximal or distal academic content

Abstract Construal Level Theory states that focusing on distant (distal), as contrasted to near (proximal), content promotes mental levels of abstract thought increasing creative performance. Recent studies state that primed participants with distal or proximal thought content showed increased creativity when priming involved distal thought, supporting the theory. The current study's first experiment investigated if temporally, spatially, hypothetically, and socially distant academic content enhances creative performance of 24 urban sixth grade students (12 female, 12 male) in daily creative construction activities over the course of two weeks. The first experiment was a repeated measures design with distance or proximity integrated into the academic content of each lesson and alternated daily. Creative aspects of student works were scored with a rubric. Surprisingly, students displayed more creativity in the proximal condition. To test whether familiarity of topics or integration of content rather than priming was affecting results, a second one-time experiment was conducted with the same participants using priming and self-chosen topics. Similar results to the first experiment were obtained with medium-large effect sizes. The low socio-economic status and limited creative school experiences of participants may be responsible for the results.
Broadband Rectenna Arrays for Randomly Polarized Incident Waves

This paper presents a new approach to efficient rectenna arrays for arbitrarily polarized incident waves with broad spectral content. The approach is validated experimentally on a dense grid array that rectifies two orthogonal linear polarizations, and on a self-similar spiral array with alternating right-hand and left-hand circular polarizations. The two arrays operate from 4.5to 8GHz and 8.5to 15GHz and have maximum open circuit voltages of 3.5 and 4.0 V, respectively. Their efficiencies increase above 35% and 45%, respectively, for higher incident powers.
Absence of musculature of the distal ileum: a cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction.

Abstract A third case of a new entity of absence of musculature in the small bowel is presented. As in perforations of the gastrointestinal tract, ischemia is believed to be the etiologic factor rather than a congenital absence of the musculature. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal intestinal obstruction.
The Specific Heat of Copper at Temperatures Below 0.2 K

The specific heat of high-purity copper has been measured over the temperature range of 0.03-0.2 K. It is shown that an anomaly appears in the specific heats of some samples. The temperature dependence is approx.T/sup -2/ at T> or =0.03 K, and at 0.03 K the magnitude is equal to that of the contribution from conduction electrons. We have not been able to explain the origin of this anomaly.
Priapism associated with asplenic state

Priapism may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to sickle cell anemia, trauma, leukemia, drugs, venous thromboembolic diseases, and other less common disorders. This study concerns 21 patients with priapism treated during a period of ten years. Nine patients (43%) had sickle cell anemia. Of the 12 individuals (57%) classified as idiopathic, 3 (25%) had previously undergone surgical splenectomy for benign conditions. Considering the propensity for this unusual condition to develop in patients with hemoglobinopathy-induced hyposplenism, the possibility of a relationship between the asplenic state and priapism is considered.
Measurement and Modeling of Protein Crystal Nucleation Kinetics

Nucleation kinetics of tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme obtained by the method of initial rates are reported. Sodium chloride (NaCl), ranging in concentration from 2% (w/v) to 7% (w/v), was used as the precipitant. Data are modeled using an empirical kinetic expression based on classical nucleation theory. The expression contains a preexponential factor, A, and an exponential factor, B, related to the surface energy between crystal and solution. The parameters A and B were evaluated from the experimental data using standard nonlinear regression techniques. The trends in the experimental data suggest that two nucleation mechanisms may exist: heterogeneous nucleation at lower protein concentrations and homogeneous nucleation at higher protein concentrations. Accordingly, the data were split into two regions and the model parameters were estimated separately in individual regions. Within both regions, parameter B varied little with ionic strength. In the homogeneous range, the preexponential factor, A, inc...
Bleomycin therapy in advanced hodgkin's disease and epidermoid cancers.

Bleomycin was used to treat 31 patients with a variety of advanced, previously treated malignancies, with particular emphasis on Hodgkin's disease and epidermoid cancers. Bleomycin was administered either twice weekly, 15 mg per dose, or in 5-day courses, 105 mg total dose per course. Three of 10 patients with Hodgkin's disease had good responses, lasting 6, 10, and 12 weeks. Three other patients with Hodgkin's disease had transient responses. There was a suggestion, in Hodgkin's disease, of the superiority of the twice weekly to daily drug administration. One patient with an epidermoid cancer of the skin had a good response lasting 9 weeks. No responses were seen in epidermoid cancer of the head and neck (five patients), or epidermoid cancer of the cervix and vagina (five patients). Eleven of 14 patients followed with serial pulmonary function tests developed 20-50% decreases in either diffusion capacity or forced vital capacity as compared to pretreatment determinations. Only one, however, developed clinical pulmonary toxicity. This patient died from probable bleomycin pneumonia, at a total dose of 255 mg. Skin changes were seen in 75% of patients and mucosal toxicity in 30%. Seven additional patients with epidermoid cancers received a combination of bleomycin and methotrexate, sequentially. They developed severe skin and mucosal toxicity. However, six of seven had tumor responses, and further studies of less toxic combinations of these drugs are warranted.
Filter Synthesis Using Neural Networks

We are investigating an opto-electronic implementation of a trainable pattern classification system based on a feed-forward neural network model. An architecture with two layers of interconnections is used to transform a large amount of scene information to a small feature space that is, in turn, transformed into classification data. By using two layers of interconnections the number of large inner products that must be calculated may be significantly reduced. Simulations have been performed on a digital computer that demonstrate the performance of a system for the rotation-invariant classification of printed characters. A possible optical implementation is outlined.
Comparison of HVAC and HVDC solutions for offshore wind farms with a procedure for system economic evaluation

The potential to harness offshore wind power and transmit that energy to shore is of widespread interest in the electric power and energy industry sector, as well as within U.S. government agencies such as the Department of Energy. Studies are currently being conducted to find optimal placement of offshore wind turbines along the perimeter of the United States coast lines, and evaluations of current technology solutions for transmitting the electrical energy onshore are being investigated. Transmitting high capacities of energy from sea to shore presents a significant challenge due to the need for a very efficient, robust, and reliable technical solution that must be cost effective. High Voltage AC (HVAC) and two forms of High Voltage DC (HVDC), Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based and Line Commutated-Converter (LCC) based, are possible transmission solutions to these challenges. Therefore, we present herein the applicability of these topologies for offshore wind power transmission and present the necessary procedures to select the most cost effective solution for a given application.
The Pleasures of Youth: Parent and Peer Compliance Toward Discretionary Time

In the past, research into an adolescent's leisure time has almost exclusively focused on furnishing a record or checklist of activities. This investigation evaluates attitudinal dimensions of leisure, peer identification, and parental accommodation as it relates to patterns of leisure present in an affluent adolescent subculture. Two factors emerged from the attitudinal study, representing achievement and egalitarian dispositions. Patterns of peer and parental compliance were measured against these dispositions. Parental and peer influences were found to affect the outcome of an adolescent's attitudes. Differences between sexes and between early and late adolescence were also discovered to influence levels of compliance with parents and peers, thereby affecting an adolescent's leisure attitudes.
Contribution of soluble endotoxin released from Gram-negative bacteria by antibiotics to the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis in mice

The results from our laboratory summarized in this review support the importance of endotoxin release from the Gram-negative microbe as a requirement for the full manifestation of the biological activity of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) macromolecule. They further suggest that LPS is the most important bacterial component released from Gram-negative microbes treated in vitro with cell-wall active antibiotics in terms of biological activity. The use of several experimental mouse models of infection confirm that mice treated with the reversible hepatotoxin, D-galactosamine, are sensitive to both endotoxin lethality and to infection with Gram-negative microbes. Infected LPS-sensitive animals can be protected if they are treated with antibiotics, but the degree of protection (e.g. 5-10-fold) is significantly less than that observed when infection-sensitive but LPS-insensitive mice are similarly treated (500-fold protection). Additional levels of protection in infected, antibiotic-treated mice can be observed w...
The additive and multiplicative orders of a complex line-bundle

Let X be a finite CW -complex, and ξ: E ξ → X a complex line-bundle on X . This bundle determines an element c 1 (ξ) in H 2 ( X:Z ) and a class ; let m (ξ), a (ξ) be the orders (possibly infinite) of these elements in their respective groups. How are m (ξ) and a (ξ) related? The answer is contained in the following three propositions.
Colonization of citrus seed coats by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus': implications for seed transmission of the bacterium.

ABSTRACT Huanglongbing is an economically damaging disease of citrus associated with infection by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. Transmission of the organism via infection of seeds has not been demonstrated but is a concern since some citrus varieties, particularly those used as rootstocks in commercial plantings are propagated from seed. We compared the incidence of detection of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ DNA in individual fruit peduncles, seed coats, seeds, and in germinated seedlings from ‘Sanguenelli’ sweet orange and ‘Conners’ grapefruit fruits sampled from infected trees. Using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) we detected pathogen DNA in nucleic acid extracts of 36 and 100% of peduncles from ‘Sanguenelli’ and from ‘Conners’ fruits, respectively. We also detected pathogen DNA in extracts of 37 and 98% of seed coats and in 1.6 and 4% of extracts from the corresponding seeds of ‘Sanguenelli’ and ‘Conners’, respectively. Small amounts of pathogen DNA were detected in 10% of ‘Sanguenelli’ seedli...
Advanced continuum modelling of gas-particle flows beyond the hydrodynamic limit

Abstract The accurate prediction of dilute gas-particle flows using Euler–Euler models is challenging because particle–particle collisions are usually not dominant in such flows. In other words, in dilute flows the particle Knudsen number is not small enough to justify a Chapman–Enskog expansion about the collision-dominated near-equilibrium limit. Moreover, due to the fluid drag and inelastic collisions, the granular temperature in gas-particle flows is often small compared to the mean particle kinetic energy, implying that the particle-phase Mach number can be very large. In analogy to rarefied gas flows, it is thus not surprising that two-fluid models fail for gas-particle flows with moderate Knudsen and Mach numbers. In this work, a third-order quadrature-based moment method, valid for arbitrary Knudsen number, coupled with a fluid solver has been applied to simulate dilute gas-particle flow in a vertical channel with particle-phase volume fractions between 0.0001 and 0.01. In order to isolate the instabilities that arise due to fluid-particle coupling, a fluid mass flow rate that ensures that turbulence would not develop in a single phase flow (Re = 1380) is employed. Results are compared with the predictions of a two-fluid model with standard kinetic theory based closures for the particle phase. The effect of the particle-phase volume fraction on flow instabilities leading to particle segregation is investigated, and differences with respect to the two-fluid model predictions are examined. The influence of the discretization on the solution of both models is investigated using three different grid resolutions. Radial profiles of phase velocities and particle concentration are shown for the case with an average particle volume fraction of 0.01, showing the flow is in the core-annular regime.
Recent advances in bandwidth and isolation enhancement for VHF-UHF lumped-element circulators

Recent work on passive and active circulators for the VHF and UHF bands is described herein. Attention is given to both the optimization problem for enhanced bandwidth or isolation performance and to simulation and measurement data. For example, a passive circulator is described that has 15 dB isolation for frequencies in the 52-79 MHz band. Another passive circulator is described that has over 30 dB of isolation for frequencies in the 260-390 MHz band.
Stability of a beam on an elastic foundation subjected to a follower force.

Discussion of a new aspect in the behavior of a cantilevered beam on an elastic foundation subjected to a follower force at its free end. The critical load for flutter is found to be independent of the foundation modulus which characterizes the Winkler-type elastic imbedding. The frequency of vibration of the beam increases with increasing foundation modulus, but the magnitude of the critical load is not affected. This result is valid for any 'tangency coefficient' value.