cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Na+-independent D-glucose transport in rabbit renal basolateral membranes.

To define the mechanism by which glucose is transported across the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell, we measured D-[14C]glucose uptake in basolateral membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney. Na+-dependent D-glucose transport, demonstrable in brush-border vesicles, could not be demonstrated in basolateral membrane vesicles. In the absence of Na+, the uptake of D-[14C]glucose in basolateral vesicles was more rapid than that of L-[3H]glucose over a concentration range of 1-50 mM. Subtraction of the latter from the former uptakes revealed a saturable process with apparent Km of 9.9 mM and Vmax of 0.80 nmol.mg protein-1.s-1. To characterize the transport component of D-glucose uptake in basolateral vesicles, we measured trans stimulation of 2 mM D-[14C]glucose entry in the absence of Na+. Trans stimulation could be effected by preloading basolateral vesicles with D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, but not with L-glucose or alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. Trans-stimulated D-[14C]glucose uptake was inhibited by 0.1 mM phloretin or cytochalasin B but not phlorizin. In contrast, Na+-dependent D-[14C]glucose transport in brush-border vesicles was inhibited by phlorizin but not phloretin or cytochalasin B. Our findings are consistent with the presence of a Na+-independent D-glucose transporter in the proximal tubular basolateral membrane with characteristics similar to those of transporters present in nonepithelial cells.
DESIGNING A CUTTING CHARGE TO CUT THE SHAPED CHARGE JETS

The cutting charge was used to selectively cut the jet produced by the conical shaped charge so that different velocities or lengths could be directed to the targets. The cutting charge was designed to cut a jet and to deflect the remaining jet and the slug so that they would miss a hole in a armor steel plate. The charge was designed using a liner with a semi-circular cross section. The liner was made by cutting the copper tubing into two halves. The tubing had a wall thickness of 1.57 mm, an outside diameter of 34.9 mm, and a length of 50.80 mm. The charge was a cube of Comp B explosive 50.80 mm on a side with a cavity for the liner in the middle of one face. This design yielded a usable leading particle with a velocity of 3.16 km/s. Experiments were then performed to cut the regular conicals jets. Different lengths of the jets can be cut by changing the position of the cutting charge with respect to the path of the jet or by changing the timing of the detonation of the charges.
Fundamental Physics in Universal Space-Time

Universal space-time is a natural candidate for the ‘bare’ arena of the fundamental forces, being the maximal 4-dimensional manifold having physically indicated properties of causality and symmetry. It is locally conformal to Minkowski space, and globally conformal to the Einstein Universe E~R1хS3. The Einstein energy exceeds that in the canonically imbedded Minkowski space, and the difference has been proposed by the chronometric theory to represent the redshift. Although this eliminates adjustable cosmological parameters, the directly observable implications of this proposal have been statistically quite consistent with direct observations in objective samples of redshifted sources. These developments represent a mathematical specification of proposals by Mach, Einstein, Minkowski, and Hubble and Tolman. They suggest that the fundamental forces of Nature are conformally invariant, but that the state of the Universe breaks the symmetry down to the Einstein isometry group. This provides an alternative to the Higgs mechanism, and otherwise has implications for particle physics, including the elimination of ultraviolet divergences in representative nonlinear quantum fields, the formulation of a unified invariant interaction Lagrangian, assignments of observed elementary particles to irreducible unitary positive-energy representations of the conformal group, and the correlation of the S-matrix with the action in E of the generator of the infinite cyclic center of the simply-connected form of the conformal group.
The Depiction of Sexuality Among University Students on Snapchat

With the ever-increasing popularity in social media use among college students, research is needed to more fully understand the specific content and messaging utilized in specific social media platforms. The purpose of this study was to examine the depiction of sexuality on a Snapchat account aimed at university students. Over a 3-month period, a total of 394 screenshots (“snaps”) involving sexuality were collected and analyzed. Of these snaps, 86.6% displayed a female(s) only, 13.4% displayed a male(s) and female(s), 34.1% showed the individual’s face, 78.0% were considered to be a selfie (‘consensual’), and 22.0% were considered to be photographed by another person and deemed nonconsensual. Results also indicated that 40.1% contained individuals who were nude. The top two most frequently displayed body parts were breasts (36.4%) and buttocks (25.5%). Concerns exist regarding the potential erroneous messaging that is not congruent with social norms surrounding sexuality among the majority of university students. Such information could potentially assist health educators and campus health professionals in ensuring that accurate messages regarding social norms are being received by university students.
Test Fixture to Measure the Saturation Characteristics of Coupled Multi-Winding Inductors

In this paper, a test fixture is developed to measure the saturation characteristics of coupled multi-winding inductors. Unlike prior art methods, the fixture can be used to measure CM (DM) saturation characteristics, with both CM and DM currents present. Experimental results are provided for a DC link inductor and a three-phase inductor, with integrated CM and DM inductance. Results from these tests are used to create mathematical and circuit simulation models with coupling and saturation included.
Endovascular Embolization in the Treatment of Epistaxis.

ObjectiveThe cost-effectiveness of endovascular embolization (EE) for intractable epistaxis has been questioned, especially as endoscopic surgical techniques have become standard of care at many in...
"TEACHING TABLES I:" Using a Comprehensive Exam to Assess Student Competencies Program-Wide

The ultimate test for how well a curriculum is addressing their programâ€™s competencies is the results achieved by students. The ultimate goal is to achieve a curriculum that is evidence based and produces graduates that are ready to enter the workforce with the requisite knowledge, skills and attributes of an early career professional. The Department of Health Administration and Policy has implemented and end of program comprehensive exam to address this challenge.Â Participants will share experiences using alternative tools for measuring student proficiency with program competencies and determine if a comprehensive exam is an appropriate tool for their own programs.
The potential role of clusterin in chemoresponsiveness to gemcitabine in bladder cancer cells

791 Objectives: Clusterin expression is highly up regulated in several chemoresistant malignancies. The functional role of clusterin in the acquisition of a therapy - resistant phenotype in bladder cancer cell remains unknown. We hypothesize that clusterin plays an important role in cancer progression and emergence of chemotherapy resistant phenotype. We investigated the baseline clusterin expression of a variety of bladder cancer cell lines and correlate this expression with the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in vitro. Methods: A bladder cancer cell panel, consisting of 253J, 253J B-V, 253J B-VR(resistant to taxotere), KU-7, UC-3, UC-5, UC-6, UC-10, and UC-13 were assessed for baseline clusterin expression via Western blot analysis. Chemosensitivity of KU-7 and 253J B-V to gemcitabine (1nM, 10nM, 100nM, and 1000nM) is determined via apoptosis and cell cycle analysis after 48 and 72hrs of treatment using propidium iodide and flow cytometry. We assessed changes in clusterin expression in vitro in KU-7 and 253J B-V bladder cancer cell lines following treatment with the same concentrations of gemcitabine (1nM-1000nM) via Western blot. Results: By screening a variety of human bladder cancer cell lines we observed a wide spectrum of clusterin levels. The steady state levels were high for KU-7, UC-3, and 253J B-VR and low for the rest. Cells with low clusterin expression levels, such as 253J B-V, showed sensitivity to gemcitabine with dose dependent apoptosis, reaching 40% apoptosis at 100nM at 72hrs. In addition, gemcitabine induced a dose dependent G0/G1 arrest with decreased S-phase after 48hrs. In contrast, KU-7, cell line with high clusterin expression, showed resistance to gemcitabine at all concentrations and no quantitative change in cell cycle. The chemoresponsiveness of 253J BV and KU-7 cell lines to gemcitabine correlated with changes in clusterin expression during gemcitabine treatment over 48 and 72hrs. 253J BV cell line showed a decrease in clusterin expression at 100 and 1000nM of gemcitabine at 48 and 72hrs on western blot. KU-7 cells showed a dose-dependent increase in clusterin expression, most pronounced at 72 hrs. Conclusions: We observed a differential expression of clusterin among several bladder cancer cell lines. We also observed high baseline clusterin expression, such as in KU-7, appeared to be associated with resistance to gemcitabine and induction of clusterin expression appeared to confer a chemoresistant phenotype. This data provides a rationale to examine clusterin’s role in modulating reponse to chemotherapy. Determine whether antisense (ASO) targeting the clusterin gene enhances apoptosis induced by gemcitabine and evaluate whether combined treatment with clusterin ASO plus gemcitabine enhances chemosensitivity in vitro and in orthotopic and subcutaneous bladder tumor models. This would enhance our understanding of clusterin’s role as a surivival factor in bladder cancer.
Vasoepididymostomy: an insight into current practice patterns.

Background: Vasectomy reversal (VR) is a specialized procedure currently offered by an increasing number of medical practitioners. One method of VR, vasoepididymostomy (VE), is considered the most challenging microsurgical technique within the field of reproductive urology. We surveyed reproductive urologists to assess current practice patterns regarding both intra-operative and post-operative considerations surrounding VE, with the hypothesis being that more experienced surgeons may have different practice patterns than less experienced surgeons. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to members of the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology (SMRU). The survey included questions regarding case volume, preferred intra-operative techniques, and post-operative management strategies. Responses were collected using Survey Monkey (San Mateo, CA) and statistically analyzed with chi square tests. Results: Three hundred and twenty SMRU members were contacted to participate in the survey; 74/320 (23.1%) participants completed the survey in its entirety. Respondents performed varying amounts of VR annually with most surgeons (24%) reporting between 11–20 VR per year and 15 surgeons (20.3%) performed over 60 per year. Comparing practitioners who performed ≤30 VR’s annually (n=46) to providers who performed >30 (n=28) revealed a significantly lower rate of VE in low-volume practitioners (≤20% vs. >20%, P<0.0001). The most commonly used technique to create the epididymotomy involved placing two 10-0 sutures into the tubule, followed by a sharp incision between the needles (74.3% of respondents). An intussusception anastomosis was the most commonly reported technique; 46.0% of participants utilize longitudinal stitch placement, while 35.1% place sutures horizontally. The most commonly reported time interval to evaluate the first post-reversal semen analysis (SA) was 6–8 weeks (39.2%). Participants were also asked to rank the progression of adjunctive therapies employed in the setting of a subpar post-reversal SA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most popular first-line management option (52.7%). Corticosteroids were the most frequently employed second-line option (37.8%). Referral to an in vitro f ertilization (IVF) center (9.5%) and repeat surgery (2.7%) were also options pursued by survey respondents. Most providers repeated the SA every 8–12 weeks (41.2%) while following sub-par SA parameters. Conclusions: VE is a technically demanding procedure that requires both microsurgical expertise and appropriate post-operative care. Our analysis demonstrates that a higher VR operative volume is associated with a higher rate of conversion to VE. This indicates either more experienced surgeons are more likely to perform a VE when indicated or more experience surgeons are getting referred and/or performing more complex VRs.
Cellular aspects of DNA repair.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cellular aspects of DNA repair. It considers both the processes of excision repair and those that involve a more direct interaction with DNA synthesis. The mechanistic details of excision repair have been extensively reviewed in the chapter. It concentrates on the biological implications of the chemical data and considers the interactions of the damage to the DNA and the metabolic systems of the damaged cell. In this context, the major sort of damage to be considered is that in which a block to DNA chain elongation or initiation has been produced as a result of an alteration in a nucleotide so that it becomes noninstructive for Watson–Crick base pairing. DNA synthesis can be studied in vitro by the modification of the Sanger chain termination sequencing technique that permits the determination of the exact nucleotide at which the termination has occurred. To observe excision repair, a cellular system must be subjected to an agent that damages or alters the DNA.
Chapter 22 – Race, Ethnicity, and Osteoporosis

Publisher Summary Marked differences exist among groups that can be sorted according to descriptors such as race or ethnicity. Large degrees of individual variation exist even within racial and ethnic groups. This chapter attempts to address the observed trends in bone dynamics that can be sorted by race or ethnic grouping. Sorting of humans, however, suffers from the inconstancy of racial and ethnic definitions. This chapter, therefore, defines the terms used to describe human groups and then explores their application to the epidemiology of hip fracture and parameters that affect skeletal health. The diagnostic term “osteoporosis” refers to a skeletal condition that predisposes to multisite fragility fractures. Because only hip fractures reliably lead to hospitalization and therefore documentation, discussion presents hip fracture data in various populations as a reflection of morbidity resulting from osteoporosis. Discussion concludes that bone mass, in and of itself, is not the best predictor of fracture risk in all groups. Variables such as bone geometry, reproductive history, physical activity, dietary exposures, body composition, and others all contribute to fracture risk, reflecting the rich diversity peculiar to the human race.
4 – Applications of the Derivative

Publisher Summary This chapter describes applications of the derivative. It explains one of the most important and applicable theorems of mathematics, the mean value theorem. This theorem is also used to obtain information that is useful in graphing a wide variety of functions. The mean value theorem has many other applications as well. According to Rolle's theorem, if f be continuous on the closed interval [a, b] and differentiable on the open interval (a, b). If f(a) = f(b) = 0, then there exists at least one number c in (a, b) at which f′(c) = 0. The chapter also discusses the theory of maxima and minima.
Das Strafrecht einer alternden Gesellschaft

Nicht nur Menschen altern, auch unsere Gesellschaft altert. Die Lebenserwartung hat in den letzten 100 Jahren um 30 Jahre zugenommen und es ist nicht ersichtlich, dass sich diese Tendenz in naher Zukunft umkehrt. Mitte dieses Jahrhunderts wird somit nach einer (eher konservativen) Schatzung des Statistischen Bundesamtes jeder Dritte (34 %) alter als 65 Jahre sein und in Deutschland werden doppelt so viele 70-Jahrige leben wie Kinder geboren werden.
Differential sensitivity to species‐ and race‐based information in the development of attention orienting and attention holding face biases in infancy

Experience-based biases in face processing can reflect both attention orienting biases that support efficient selection of faces from competing stimuli and attention holding biases that allow for detailed encoding of selected faces. It is well established that infants demonstrate both species- and race-based biases in attention holding. Fewer studies have found species-based, but not race-based, orienting biases in infancy but these studies examined species- and race-based biases separately and measured overall orienting without examining attention to distractors. The present study directly compared 6- and 11-month-old infants' species- and race-based biases in attention holding and orienting to faces. We measured infants' duration of looking and frequency/speed of orienting to own-race, other-race, and monkey faces in multi-item search arrays, and their frequency of orienting to faces and distractors during search. Infants showed expected species- and race-based biases in attention holding but only a species-based bias in overall orienting. However, they also showed reduced orienting to salient distractors in the context of own-race faces. These results suggest that orienting mechanisms mediating face selection are robustly driven by species information while orienting to faces versus distractors during search may also reflect prior learning about frequently experienced own-race faces.
Salad bars and energy intake in Virginia elementary schools with free meals.

School salad bars are widely promoted as a means to increase adherence to National School Lunch Program (NSLP) nutrition mandates. Yet it is unknown how salad bars or fruit and vegetable (FV N = 1,102 students; >90% Black and Latinx; 100% free meals). Two-level hierarchical models assessed group differences in energy intake and the proportion of energy from each meal component. Mean total lunch energy intake was 304 ± 157 kcal (salad bar); 269 ± 152 kcal (no salad bar). Students in salad bar schools consumed more energy from vegetables (+11 kcal; P < .001). Energy intake patterns were inconsistent across pairs. F&V energy was not associated with non-F&V energy (F = 1.04, P = .31). Findings do not suggest that salad bars were associated with lower energy intake. Evidence was inconsistent regarding F&V displacement of other lunch calories. Further research regarding F&V, salad bars, and energy intake is needed.
ABCs of Academic Integrity: A Model

An early model to support academic integrity, building on the discipline of organizational behavior. Focus is on supporting student development of healthy attitudes towards academic integrity.
ASM Micrograph Database

The ASM Micrograph Database is a growing online collection of more than 4000 micrograph images and associated data, published by ASM International, in cooperation with the International Metallographic Society. Available on a subscription basis, the emphasis of the collection is on micrographs for industrially important alloys. Information captured for each image includes material designation and composition, processing and service history, metallographic preparation/technique, magnification, significance of each microstructure, selected properties data, and other relevant data. Users can search and browse the database to examine images, view typical and optimal structures, and compare the effects of alloying or heat treating regimes on microstructures. As the database continues to grow and evolve, it will reflect the newest processes and imaging techniques (additive manufacturing, 3D tomography, etc.), and expanded alloy coverage, with an increased emphasis on multi-scale microstructure representations.
One Multidisciplinary Approach to AIDS in Africa: the Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa

The Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa (Academic Alliance) was formed in response to issues such as lack of infrastructure, poverty, lack of political will, insufficient laboratory support, political corruption, lack of financial support from developed countries, insufficient health care delivery systems, lack of training and knowledge among African physicians of the multiple complexities of the care of HIV/AIDS, and others. This Alliance will be focused on designing clinical and prevention strategies that will be readily applicable to both rural and urban health centers throughout Africa. An integral part of the core mission of the Alliance is to enhance HIV/AIDS care in resource-limited settings. A multinational selection committee of representatives will review all applications. Clinical experience comprises 50% of the training program and is conducted in both inpatient and outpatient settings; it includes bedside teaching rounds, an overview of a systematic approach to HIV/AIDS care and management, home visitation for AIDS palliation, and exposure to community outreach programs in both HIV/AIDS care and prevention. In addition, a quarterly news-letter will be developed and distributed to graduates of the Academic Alliance training programs, HIV/AIDS care providers, and health care facilities throughout Africa that focuses on recent advances in HIV/AIDS care, treatment, and prevention. The primary purpose of the laboratory program is to provide virologic, immunologic, and microbiologic laboratory support for the care of HIV-infected patients.
Wearable RGBD Indoor Navigation System for the Blind

In this paper, we present a novel wearable RGBD camera based navigation system for the visually impaired. The system is composed of a smartphone user interface, a glass-mounted RGBD camera device, a real-time navigation algorithm, and haptic feedback system. A smartphone interface provides an effective way to communicate to the system using audio and haptic feedback. In order to extract orientational information of the blind users, the navigation algorithm performs real-time 6-DOF feature based visual odometry using a glass-mounted RGBD camera as an input device. The navigation algorithm also builds a 3D voxel map of the environment and analyzes 3D traversability. A path planner of the navigation algorithm integrates information from the egomotion estimation and mapping and generates a safe and an efficient path to a waypoint delivered to the haptic feedback system. The haptic feedback system consisting of four micro-vibration motors is designed to guide the visually impaired user along the computed path and to minimize cognitive loads. The proposed system achieves real-time performance at \(28.4\)Hz in average on a laptop, and helps the visually impaired extends the range of their activities and improve the mobility performance in a cluttered environment. The experiment results show that navigation in indoor environments with the proposed system avoids collisions successfully and improves mobility performance of the user compared to conventional and state-of-the-art mobility aid devices.
Assessing the contribution of interferon antagonism to the virulence of West African Ebola viruses

The current Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa is unprecedented in terms of both its size and duration, and there has been speculation and concern regarding the potential for EBOV to increase in virulence as a result of its prolonged circulation in humans. Here we investigate the relative potency of the interferon (IFN) inhibitors encoded by EBOVs from West Africa, since an important EBOV virulence factor is inhibition of the antiviral IFN response. Based on this work we show that, in terms of IFN antagonism, the West African viruses display no discernible differences from the prototype Mayinga isolate, which corroborates epidemiological data suggesting these viruses show no increased virulence compared with those from previous outbreaks. This finding has important implications for public health decisions, since it does not provide experimental support for theoretical claims that EBOV might gain increased virulence due to the extensive human-to-human transmission in the on-going outbreak.
The influence of dispersion upon the absorption of Vitamin A and fat as studied by fluorescence microscopy.

Summary Studies with fluorescence microscopy revealed that absorption of vitamin A or fat in the rat intestine is faster and quantitatively more efficient if it is given in aqueous dispersions instead of in oily solutions. Apparently three times as much is absorbed from the aqueous as from the oily menstruum. Also the fluorescence within the intestinal wall persists longer after feeding the aqueous preparation. This is explained by absorption of relatively higher amounts if the dispersed form is given rather than by a different state of the vitamin A after having passed through the intestinal epithelium. Absorption through the blood stream was never observed. If excessive doses of vitamin A or relatively large amounts of fat are administered, temporary storage of these lipids occurs in the lamina propria of the villi. Choline administration does not hasten the release of the lipids from the intestine nor does it increase vitamin A absorption. Vitamin A palmitate is more efficiently absorbed in the respective media. Experimental liver damage due to acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication has no demonstrable influence upon vitamin A absorption.
Regulation of the immune system by synthetic polynucleotides: VII. Suppression induced by pretreatment with poly A : U

Abstract Pretreatment of mouse spleen cells with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid complexes (poly A:U) either in vivo or in vitro 24 hr prior to addition of antigen, resulted in a substantial time dependent decrease in anti-SRBC PFC. Enhancement was observed 6 hr after poly A:U, while inhibition did not become evident until 24 hr after pretreatment. Inhibition of the PFC response appeared to result from poly A:U activation of a nylon wool adherent, T suppressor cell, capable of diminishing the response of normal spleen cells exposed to antigen on co-culture.
Scalable Parallel 3d FFTs for Electronic Structure Codes

First-principles methods based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) where the wavefunctions are expanded in plane waves (Fourier components) are the most widely used approach for electronic structure calculations in materials science. The scaling of this method depends critically on having an efficient parallel 3d FFT that minimizes communications and calculations. We present an implementation and performance data of a parallel 3d FFT specifically designed for electronic structure calculations that scales to thousands of processors on leading parallel and vector computer platforms (IBM SP, Cray XT, NEC SX).
Stochastic model of PAC nuclear relaxation caused by defects hopping on a simple cubic lattice

A stochastic model is used to obtain an analytic approximation for the perturbation function caused by quadrupole interaction that applies when there is a fixed concentration of defects hopping on a simple cubic lattice, with the probe atom located at center of one of the cubes. A realization of this model is jumping of structural vacancies on one sublattice in the CsCl structure, with the probe atom on the other sublattice. PAC spectra obtained for Pd-poor PdIn using 111In/Cd probes are refitted with the model perturbation function to obtain the vacancy jump frequency as a function of temperature.
Impure altruism and impure selfishness

Altruism refers to a willingness to benefit others, even at one's own expense. In contrast, selfishness refers to prioritizing one's own interests with no consideration for others. However, even if an agent is selfish, he might nevertheless act as if he were altruistic out of selfish concerns triggered when his action is observed; that is, he might seek to feel pride in acting altruistically and to avoid the shame of acting selfishly. We call such behavior impurely altruistic. Alternatively, even if an agent is altruistic, he might nevertheless give in to the temptation to act selfishly. We call such behavior impurely selfish. This paper axiomatizes a model that distinguishes altruism from impure altruism and selfishness from impure selfishness. In the model, unique real numbers separately capture altruism and the other forces of pride, shame, and the temptation to act selfishly. We show that the model can describe recent experiments on dictator games with an exit option. In addition, we describe an empirical puzzle that government spending only partially crowds out consumers' donations, contrary to the prediction based on standard consumer theory.
Stabilization of the posteromedial fragment in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures: A mechanical comparison of locking and nonlocking single and dual plating methods

Background: The objective of this study is to compare locking and nonlocking single and dual plating constructs in maintaining posteromedial fragment reduction in a bicondylar tibial plateau fracture model. We hypothesized that posteromedial fragment fixation with medial and lateral non-locked constructs would tolerate higher loads than with lateral locked constructs alone. Methods: Thirty composite tibiae were fractured (AO 41-C1.3). Six constructs were tested: (1) lateral 3.5-mm conventional nonlocking proximal tibial plate (CP); (2) CP + posteromedial 3.5-mm limited contact dynamic compression plate; (3) CP + posteromedial 1 / 3 tubular plate (CP + 1 / 3 tubular); (4) 3.5-mm Zimmer Proximal Tibial Locking plate; (5) 3.5-mm Synthes Locking Compression plate; and (6) Less Invasive Stabilization System tibial plate. Specimens were cyclically loaded to failure or a maximum of 4000 N. Results: Failure occurred at the posteromedial fragment first. The CP + 1 / 3 tubular had the highest average load to failure (3040 N). The CP + 1 / 3 tubular demonstrated higher load at failure compared with the 3.5-mm Synthes Locking Compression plate (p = 0.0060) and the Less Invasive Stabilization System (p = 0.0360). The CP + 1 / 3 tubular did not demonstrate a difference in load at failure when compared with the CP (p = 0.4225), the CP + posteromedial 3.5-mm limited contact dynamic compression plate (p = 0.4799), or the 3.5-mm Zimmer Proximal Tibial Locking plate (p = 0.1595). Conclusions: The posteromedial fragment tolerated higher loads with the CP + 1 / 3 tubular plate construct. The superiority of this construct may be caused by unreliable penetration of this fragment by the lateral locking screws.
Negative heat capacities and first order phase transitions in nuclei

Anomalous negative heat capacities have been claimed as indicators of first-order phase transitions in finite systems in general, and for nuclear systems in particular. A thermodynamic approach allowing for all Q-value terms is used to evaluate heat capacities in finite van der Waals fluids and finite lattice systems in the coexistence region. Fictitious large effects and negative heat capacities are observed in lattice systems when periodic boundary conditions are introduced. Small anomalous effects are predicted for small drops and for finite lattice systems. A straightforward application of the analysis to nuclei shows that negative heat capacities cannot be observed for $Ag60.$
Characterization of Proexosite I on Prothrombin

Abstract Activation of prothrombin by factor Xa is accompanied by expression of regulatory exosites I and II on the blood coagulation proteinase, thrombin. Quantitative affinity chromatography and equilibrium binding studies with a fluorescein-labeled derivative of the exosite I-specific peptide ligand, hirudin54–65 ([5F]Hir54–65(SO3 −), were employed to identify and characterize this site on human and bovine prothrombin and its expression on thrombin. [5F]Hir54–65(SO3 −) showed distinctive fluorescence excitation spectral differences in complexes with prothrombin and thrombin and bound to human prothrombin and thrombin with dissociation constants of 3.2 ± 0.3 μm and 25 ± 2 nm, respectively, demonstrating a 130-fold increase in affinity for the active proteinase. The bovine proteins similarly showed a 150-fold higher affinity of [5F]Hir54–65(SO3 −) for thrombin compared with prothrombin, despite a 2–5-fold lower affinity of the peptides for the bovine proteins. Unlabeled, Tyr63-sulfated and nonsulfated hirudin peptides bound competitively with [5F]Hir54–65(SO3 −) to human and bovine prothrombin and thrombin, exhibiting similar, 40–70-fold higher affinities for the proteinases, although nonsulfated Hir54–65 bound with 7–17-fold lower affinity than the sulfated analog. These studies characterize proexosite I for the first time as a specific binding site for hirudin peptides on both human and bovine prothrombin that is present in a conformationally distinct, low affinity state and is activated with a ∼100-fold increase in affinity when thrombin is formed.
Rational-emotive behavior therapy and the formation of stimulus equivalence classes

Stimulus equivalence is a behavioral approach to analyzing the "meaning" of stimulus sets and has an implication for clinical psychology. The formation of three-member (A --> B --> C) stimulus equivalence classes was used to investigate the effects of three different sets of sample and comparison stimuli on emergent behavior. The three stimulus sets were composed of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)-related words, non-REBT emotionally charged words, and a third category of neutral words composed of flower labels. Sixty-two women and men participated in a modified matching-to-sample experiment. Using a mixed cross-over design, and controlling for serial order effects, participants received conditional training and emergent relationship training in the three stimulus set conditions. Results revealed a significant interaction between the formation of stimulus equivalence classes and stimulus meaning, indicating consistently biased responding in favor of reaching criterion responding more slowly for REBT-related and non-REBT emotionally charged words. Results were examined in the context of an analysis of the importance of stimulus meaning on behavior and the relation of stimulus meaning to behavioral and cognitive theories, with special appraisal given to the influence of fear-related discriminative stimuli on behavior.
Protein Binding by the 3′ Untranslated Region of α-Striated Tropomyosin

Tropomyosin is a component protein of the thin filament system in striated muscle, regulating the interaction between actin and myosin. The 3' untranslated region of the alpha-striated tropomyosin gene (TM UTR) induces muscle differentiation when expressed in primary fibroblasts, but the mechanism has not been defined. We hypothesize that fibroblasts utilize resident proteins to effect this response, perhaps by TM UTR binding to protein(s). In order to facilitate identification of protein(s) involved in mediating this differentiation response, we investigated the potential for this sequence to bind to cellular protein utilizing electrophoretic mobility gel shifting analysis (EMSA) with and without UV cross-linking. Under very specific conditions (including pH, KCl, and Mg concentration and extent of phosphorylation of protein), the TM UTR is able to bind protein in cells that differentiate upon TM UTR expression. Protein binding is significantly more extensive in cytoplasmic than nuclear protein preparations. Secondary structure of the RNA probe facilitates protein binding. The molecular masses of bound proteins are approximately 42 and 115 kDa under basal conditions. EMSA analysis of extract from cultured skeletal muscle confirms that protein binding by the TM UTR occurs in this cell type, and is more extensive in less differentiated cells. The demonstration of highly regulated protein binding by the TM UTR raises the possibility that this sequence may cause differentiation by binding to endogenous proteins, and further that this sequence may play a role in normal differentiation. Identification of proteins bound by the TM UTR will be necessary to completely define the mechanism by which it causes differentiation.
Identification of petroleum distillates from fire debris using multidimensional gas chromatography

A method for identifying petroleum distillates (accelerants) in fire debris samples by dynamic headspace analysis and multidimensional gas chromatography is described. The method relies on the separation of target compounds characteristic of different petroleum distillate classes from interfering co-eluting and matrix components. A relatively nonpolar column is used to characterize the volatility distribution of the sample and heartcutting to a second polar column of certain fractions to separate target compounds from interferences unresolved on the first column. The method is demonstrated for the identification of gasoline, kerosene, charcoal lighter fluid, and paint thinners in simulated arson samples.
Future trends in world population growth.

Because world population growth is marked by differing trends in the more developed and developing regions, the successful solution of future social and demographic problems will depend, in all likelihood, on whether population growth is considered in isolation or as a problem which is inextricably interwoven with other leading features of social and economic development. Both total population growth and changing age structure produce new economic and social problems, and within both the more developed and the developing regions, there are sub-areas in various stages of development. First, together with the total estimated increase in working-age population, there will be substantial differences in age structure. Although the proportion of world population of dependent age is expected to go down, up to 1980its level will be higher than in 1960, owingto an upward tendency in developing regions, where the “heavy youth dependency” is so extraordinarily high that even in 1980 there will be about ten children to every old person, and at the end of the century, more than seven. It is estimated that in the more developed regions there will be twenty-five to every one-hundred old persons in 1980, and twenty-two in the year 2000. This shows that heavy old-age dependency will have arisen in these regions. Second, the dependency ratio will probably grow, moreover, as a consequence of the degree of economic activity and variation. Although there will bea decrease in the proportion of dependent children, these will still constitute over one-half of the dependents in all areas. These forecasts seem to indicate that the changing structure of dependency and the increase in its total volume may be expected to create problems, particularly in the developing regions. Third, working life tends to become longer as a result of declining mortality, and this, combined with rising labor-force replacement levels, will result in an increased total labor supply. While such an expansion of world population obviously emphasizes the quantitative aspect of population problems, structural and qualitative aspects seem to be of equal importance. But these aspects are largely overshadowed by the growth problem, for growing numbers of people have more and more needs: the inflow of people into schools, into the labor market, and into towns and cities will be apparently unprecedented. In recent years circumstances have not favored the development of conditions needed for rapid change in reproductive behavior in the developing regions. The mobilization of resources and the adaption of different types of society in view of the future growth of total population—with emphasis on the less-developed regions—will be one of the most important challenges to mankind’s ability to meet its own needs. The main value of the calculations of various characteristics of future population growth discussed in this paper is to show “in the light of contemporary information” future trends and some relationships of world population of world population growth to economic and social development.
POLICING CORPORATE COLLUSION

This is a documentary study of the origin and investigation of all criminal prosecutions of collusive trade agreements filed by the Antitrust Division, US. Department of Justice from 1946 through 1970. The methodology seeks to reconstruct these cases from previously classified investigative files of the division. Observations include the sources of organizational intelligence, investigative methods, and encounters among antitrust victims, offenders, and officials. Most cases originate with complainants and informants outside the agency, but most evidence is obtained with the cooperation of offenders, who usually receive immunity or leniency in return. The conclusions suggest that public exposure of trade conspiracies serves as a deterrent despite weak penalties.
Political Cynicism And Third Party Support In American Presidential Elections

Recent scholarship on American voting behavior contends that political cynicism prompts citizens to support a third party candidate. I maintain this research fails to consider an alternative direction of causality between political trust and third party support. Using an exogenous measure of political trust, one uncontaminated by candidate preference, analysis demonstrates that political cynicism is shaped by preference for an American third party rather than being causally prior to that preference. Students of American electoral behavior must consider the possibility that major third party candidacies shape supporters’ political orientations and concerns in much the same manner as the major political parties do.
Is preoperative computerized tomography useful in assessing patients with colorectal carcinoma

PURPOSE: Controversy exists over the appropriate preoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer patients. Most surgeons agree that basic laboratory studies are indicated. Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis has been used in our practice to augment the preoperative evaluation of these patients. METHODS: One hundred fifty-eight consecutive patients with primary colorectal carcinoma underwent computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen as part of their preoperative evaluation. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In 88 patients, 120 findings present on CT were otherwise unknown. Of these, 35 percent were clinically significant in that they allowed the surgeon to alter the proposed operative procedure or added additional technical information for consideration preoperatively. Findings include liver metastasis (26), atrophic kidney (3), and abdominal wall or contiguous organ invasion (11). In addition, two other solid organ carcinomas were detected. In the remaining 70 patients, CT contributed no additional pertinent information about the patient prior to this initial operative procedure. CONCLUSIONS: CT aids in the preoperative evaluation of individuals with colorectal carcinoma. It provides important clinical information that is useful to the surgeon planning the procedure. Additionally, CT permits the patient and his family to be aware of their overall status and to subsequent treatment options. Computerized tomography eliminates the need for preoperative intravenous pyelogram, improves the preoperative staging for metastatic disease, and provides a baseline for comparison during the postoperative follow-up period should recurrence be suspected or adjuvant therapy be planned.
Screening and Enrichment of Metal Nanoparticles with Novel Optical Properties

A rapid screening and enrichment method is reported for exploring the size and shape diversities (libraries) of nanometer-scale colloidal particles. With the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, a new class of metal nanoparticles has been identified from heterogeneous silver colloids. These particles are relatively large, faceted nanocrystals that are able to enhance the efficiencies of surface optical processes by as much as 14−15 orders of magnitude. The population of these novel nanoparticles is only about 0.1−1% in standard colloid preparations but can be enriched to about 10−15% by size-selective fractionation. This new class of nanoparticles could find potential uses in optoelectronic devices, ultrasensitive chemical sensors, and single-molecule detection.
On the Correction of Temperature and Velocity Time Series for Mooring Motion

Abstract Several schemes for correcting temperature and velocity measurements from moored current meters are tested on two moorings, one of which experienced large vertical excursions as the Gulf Stream meandered over it. The addition of two extra temperature recorders 100 m above and below the current meter permits the calculation of a reference corrected series through time dependent interpolation. By assuming that the current meter profiles the vertical temperature structure as it is pulled up and down it is possible to calculate the mean vertical temperature gradient and its dependence on temperature. A quadratic dependence is suggested by hydrographic measurements and the direct in situ measurements on the moorings. It is found possible, through weighted polynomial regression, to calculate this dependence directly from measurements of temperature and pressure on a single instrument and, thereby, to remove more than 95 percent of the mooring motion induced temperature variance. The correction of tempe...
“Penile blood pressure” — A clarification

Abstract The phrase “penile blood pressure” would appear to be a misnomer. The penis is supplied by six arteries, and blood pressure measurements should be reported in each one. Blood pressure is difficult to measure in the deep cavernosal arteries, which are the most important for erection. Doppler ultrasound studies of arterial pulses in all six arteries are probably of more value than “penile blood pressure” in assessing vascular impotency.
Disability from the Margins to the Center: Hospitality and Inclusion in the Church

For various reasons, churches have lagged behind wider trends in society to be inclusive of people with disabilities. This article explores some of the reasons for this lag and suggests strategies for churches to be more intentional about creating a more hospitable environment for people with disabilities – physical, intellectual, and profound – in dialogue with policies enacted by the Department of Veterans Affairs, developments in inclusive education, and L'Arche. The central thesis is that if secular agencies are motivated by a “people first” agenda, the church ought to be guided by a vision that involves ministry not only to people with disabilities but also with them.
Time-dependent self-consistent field approximation for semiclassical dynamics using gaussian wavepackets in phase space

Abstract Gaussian wavepackets in phase space, which are constructed to have the exact first and second moments with respect to the coordinates and momenta, are used to develop self-consistent equations of motion for the semiclassical time evolution of interacting anharmonic systems. The equations apply to pure as well as to mixed states and may, therefore, be particularly useful for molecular dynamics in condensed phases.