cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonconvex Adjustment Costs in Lumpy Investment Models: Mean versus Variance

This paper revisits the canonical assumption of nonconvex capital adjustment costs in lumpy investment models as in Khan and Thomas (2008), which are assumed to follow a uniform distribution from zero to an upper bound, without distinguishing between the mean and the variance of the distribution. Unlike the usual claim that the upper bound stands for the size (represented by the mean) of a nonconvex cost, I show that in order to generate an empirically consistent interest elasticity of aggregate investment, both a sizable mean and a sizable variance are necessary. The mean governs the importance of the extensive margin in aggregate investment dynamics, while the variance governs how sensitive the extensive margin is to changes in the real interest rate. As a result, both the mean and the variance are quantitatively important for aggregate investment dynamics.
Longitudinal Discrepancy in Adolescent Aggressive Behavior Problems: Differences by Reporter and Contextual Factors.

Little is known about the developmental course of informant discrepancies in adolescent aggressive behavior problems, though whether aggression increases or decreases over time depends on reporter. Evaluating discrepancies longitudinally can uncover patterns of agreement/disagreement between reporters across time and determine contexts that give rise to these differences. This study addresses longitudinal informant discrepancies by examining parent-report and adolescent report of adolescent aggressive behavior problems over time and further investigates possible contextual factors related to the longitudinal discrepancy. Five-waves (from age 11.5 to 15) of multi-informant data from the PROSPER project (N = 977; 52% female; 87% Caucasian) were used to test longitudinal change in informant discrepancies between mother-, father-, and adolescent-reported aggressive behavior problems. Results showed that parents reported more aggression than their adolescents at age 11.5 and that the discrepancy at first converged over time before diverging. By age 15, adolescents reported more aggression than their parents. Parental hostility, family status, and adolescent gender predicted change in informant discrepancies. Practical and developmental implications are discussed for assessing and determining accurate change in adolescent aggressive behavior problems.
Towards a better definition of the kilogram

It is widely accepted that improvement of the current International System of Units (SI) is necessary, and that central to this problem is redefinition of the kilogram. This paper compares the relative advantages of two main proposals for a modern scientific definition of the kilogram: an ‘electronic kilogram’ based on a fixed value of Planck’s constant, and an ‘atomic kilogram’ based on a fixed value for Avogadro’s number. A concrete and straightforward atomic definition of the kilogram is proposed. This definition is argued to be more experimentally neutral than the electronic kilogram, more realizable by school and university laboratories than the electronic kilogram, and more readily comprehensible than the electronic kilogram.
Coughing Customer: Karen vs. the Frontline

This paper explores the context of a coughing customer for frontline workers during their job duties within the timeframe of the Covid-19 pandemic. With a sample of 38 participants, we utilized semi-structured interviews to enhance understanding of cognitive, emotional, and vocational challenges present when a frontline worker perceived a health risk (coughing) while working. Employing qualitative content analysis and text mining, the findings indicate both contexts of the actual cough and the environment in which the cough takes place to encourage the cognitive process to trigger the behavioral immune system for frontline workers. Furthermore, the findings suggest the behavioral immune system may be similar to the actual biological immune system with its adaptability. Beyond traditional qualitative content analysis, we utilized multiple regression with quantified values for emotional content derived from text mining efforts to create a model to predict the percentage of emotional words likely to be used by a participant from the percentage of words associated with other emotional content. Through regression analysis, we found when prompted by a coughing customer, the amount of expressed disgust will be moderated by the emotions: anticipation, fear, and sadness. Along with propositions, we suggest implications and directions for future research.
Tapping the leisure market for college and university sports programs: a strategic planning survey.

Abstract College and university sports programs provide major venues for leisure time activities. Facing declining internal budgets, program adminstrators seek to improve financial conditions by increasing external revenues through increased marketing of their sports programs. Effective marketing of these programs is becoming central to their success. For marketing to be truly effective, however, it must be integrated into a larger strategic plan for the program. Without a strategic plan, the marketing effort for college sports programs is less likely to be properly coordinated with other aspects of the program. This study surveyed college and university sports program administrators for their use of strategic planning as an administrative tool to improve their departments' effectiveness. One hundred sixty-eight programs responded. Half the programs were developing long range plans, while 70 percent indicated their intentions to do so. The predominant approach to plan development was in-house, with the at...
Studies on Cytochrome c Peroxidase IV. A COMPARISON OF PEROXIDE-INDUCED COMPLEXES OF HORSERADISH AND CYTOCHROME c PEROXIDASES

Abstract The stoichiometry between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2 in the formation of Complexes I and II was spectrophotometrically studied by titrating HRP with H2O2 in the presence and absence of added reducing agents. The molar stoichiometry between H2O2 added and Complex II formed was found to be 1:1 in the presence and absence of added reducing agents. No evidence was obtained that more than 1 mole of Complex II was formed per mole of H2O2 added. The titration of Complex II with ferrocyanide confirmed George's finding that Complex II retained only 1 oxidizing equivalent per enzyme hematin unit. The oxidation of ascorbate and ferrocytochrome c upon additions of stoichiometric quantities of H2O2 in the presence of HRP exhibited two-phased kinetics: a very rapid initial oxidation followed by a slower secondary oxidation. These results were consistent with the currently accepted mechanism of the HRP reaction of Equations 2, 5, and 6. The titration of an enzyme-H2O2 complex (Complex ES) of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase with ferrocyanide indicated that Complex ES retained 2 oxidizing equivalents per enzyme hematin unit. No reducing equivalent of added donors was consumed in the process of the formation of Complex ES from cytochrome c peroxidase. The added donors were oxidized only in the process of the conversion of Complex ES to cytochrome c peroxidase. These results were consistent with the cytochrome c peroxidase mechanism of Equations 7 and 8. Complex ES of cytochrome c peroxidase was compared with Complex II of HRP.
Spectroscopic Determination of the OH- Solvation Shell in the OH-·(H2O)n Clusters

There has been long-standing uncertainty about the number of water molecules in the primary coordination environment of the OH− and F− ions in aqueous chemistry. We report the vibrational spectra of the OH−·(H2O) n and F−·(H2O) n clusters and interpret the pattern of OH stretching fundamentals with ab initio calculations. The spectra of the cold complexes are obtained by first attaching weakly bound argon atoms to the clusters and then monitoring the photoinduced evaporation of these atoms when an infrared laser is tuned to a vibrational resonance. The small clusters ( n ≤ 3) display an isolated, sharp feature near the free OH stretching vibration, the signature of open solvation morphologies where each water molecule binds independently to the ion. Pronounced changes in the spectra are observed at n = 4 in the hydroxide ion and at n = 5 in the fluoride ion. In both cases, new features appear in the region typically associated with interwater hydrogen bonding. This behavior establishes that the primary hydration shells occur at n = 3 and 4 in hydroxide and fluoride, respectively.
Toward a Standardized Internet Measurement

This paper investigates measurement issues related to elements of the Internet and calls for a standardized measuring scheme to resolve the problem of the measurement. The dilemmas in measuring the elements of the Internet are identified, and previous studies are reviewed. Elements of the Internet are categorized into population, usage, protocol flow, hardware, software, traffic, and visitors. The paper proposes the following four criteria in measuring the elements of the Internet as the guidelines for Internet research: (1) validity and reliability check; (2) continuation of data collection; (3) a period of data collection limited to days, not months; and (4) a methodology that accommodates multiple users' needs and answers multiple questions. (Contains 11 references.) (Author/MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. PERMISSION TO R5PRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Constant elasticity of substitution production functions with three or more inputs: An approximation procedure

Abstract An approximation procedure is developed to allow arbitrary and constant elasticities of substitution between aggregate inputs in production functions with three or more factors. The procedure is necessary to overcome the serious constraints on structure imposed on CES schedules by the Uzawa-McFadden results.
The X-Ray Crystal Structure of a Mutant Glycerol Dehydrogenase from Bacillus coagulans with Acquired Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

Successful metabolic evolution of an industrial biocatalyst depends on accumulation of desired genetic changes that enhance product titer, yield and productivity. During the development of a strain of Bacillus coagulans for production of D-lactic acid, a glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) evolved to catalyze reduction of pyruvic acid to D-lactic acid (D-LDH) by acquisition of two mutations, D121N and F245S. The native GDH oxidized glycerol and a variety of diols, but displayed very low D-LDH activity. The evolved enzyme has a 10-fold lower level of glycerol oxidation activity and a 15-fold higher D-LDH activity than the wild type enzyme. In order to explain these kinetic data, we have determined the x-ray crystallographic structure of B. coagulans GDH D121N/F245S. The protein crystallized within 48 hours in 0.2M ammonium citrate dibasic, pH 4.5 with 10% PEG3350 at room temperature. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space group C2221 and had unit cell parameters of 211 A, 211 A and 149 A with α=β=γ=90°. ...
Sustainable development and tourism

The intent of this study is to investigate the role and responsibility of tourism from the perspective of sustainable development. The objective of the research was to evaluate the extent to which international tourism in developing countries meets dimensions of sustainable development. The goals and processes of development are reviewed as they evolved after the end of World War II along the path to sustainable development. Tourism, as a major development option, has been promoted for its potential to offer a unique combination of features that provide opportunities to meet established sustainable development dimensions. To examine this hypothesis, a theoretical and methodological framework is constructed with five key dimensions arranged to recognize that, for development to be sustainable, it must embrace social and human as well as economic development goals achieved through processes and institutions operating within the context of protecting existing human cultures and natural environments. Extensive data were collected from sixty sample case-studies across twenty-eight destinations to see if there were occasions where indicators from all five key dimensions of sustainable development were successfully applied. No occasions were found where all the dimensions of sustainable development have been successfully addressed as measured by positive indicators taken from the sample-case studies. This suggests that tourism may not be compatible with sustainable development. Future research should investigate whether sample-case studies describing more recent tourism development show a trend of improvement in the movement towards sustainability.
Security Management at the University of Denver University College

ABSTRACT Security is a $100 billion annual business and is one of the fastest growing professions in the United States and worldwide. To obtain the skills and business training necessary to protect against new threats, security management professionals require higher education and advanced training. The University of Denver University College developed a robust security curriculum to meet the professional's needs by offering a Master of Applied Science in Security Management and a Certificate of Advanced Study in Security.
Efficient and accurate computation of eye diagrams and bit error rates in a single-channel CRZ system

Summary form only given. We report on the application of linearization to calculate the eye diagrams and bit error rate in a single-channel chirped return-to-zero (CRZ) system propagating over 6,100 km. We focused on this system because it is well characterized in simulations, and it is similar to a single one of the channels in some commercial WDM submarine systems.
The Effect of Extreme Accounting Events on Analyst Following and Forecast Accuracy

This paper uses a simultaneous equations system to examine the effect of extreme accounting events in the previous fiscal year on analyst following and forecast accuracy. We measure extreme accounting events by the magnitude of a company's restructuring charges and by an information signal based on the fundamental variables in Lev and Thiagarajan (1993). Our results indicate that the existence of an extreme accounting event impairs analysts' ability to predict future earnings. These results are consistent with our hypothesis and suggestions in the popular press that market participants have difficulty understanding the implications of extreme accounting events for future operating performance. We also find that forecast accuracy and analyst following are determined simultaneously, with greater accuracy associated with higher analyst following. Our results suggest analysts prefer to follow companies for which earnings are easier to forecast, consistent with analysts complementing rather than substituting for other sources of information.
A literature review of major perceptual, cognitive, and/or physical test batteries for older drivers

Driving is one of the most complex tasks that humans perform on a regular basis, placing significant demands on human perceptual, cognitive, and motor capabilities, so age-related declines in these capabilities negatively affect driving performance. Although older adults create a risk on the road because of their high crash rates, it is important to note that not all older drivers have impaired driving performance or high crash risk. Thus researchers have developed test batteries to identify at-risk older drivers. The literature pertaining to the development and testing of at-risk driver assessment tools, including major assessment tools and evidence supporting their use is reviewed.
Renal tubular epithelial cells mimic endothelial cells upon exposure to oxidized LDL.

In protein-uric states, renal tubular epithelial cells are exposed to diverse macromolecules, including low-density lipoproteins (LDL), normally excluded from the urinary space. Oxidized LDL (LDLox...
hERG1/Kv11.1 activation stimulates transcription of p21 waf/cip in breast cancer cells via a calcineurin-dependent mechanism

// Mathew Perez-Neut 1 , Vidhya R. Rao 1 and Saverio Gentile 1 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA Correspondence to: Saverio Gentile, email: // Keywords : p21 waf/cip , hERG1/Kv11.1, breast cancer, calmodulin, Ca 2+ -dependent transcription Received : February 23, 2015 Accepted : March 20, 2015 Published : April 12, 2015 Abstract The function of Kv11.1 is emerging in breast cancer biology, as a growing body of evidence indicates that the hERG1/Kv11.1 potassium channel is aberrantly expressed in several cancer types including breast cancers. The biological effects of Kv11.1 channel blockers and their associated side effects are very well known but the potential use of Kv11.1 activators as an anticancer strategy are still unexplored. In our previous work, we have established that stimulation of the Kv11.1 potassium channel activates a senescent-like program that is characterized by a significant increase in tumor suppressor protein levels, such as p21 waf/cip and p16 INK4A . In this study we investigated the mechanism linking Kv11.1 stimulation to augmentation of p21 waf/cip protein level. We have demonstrated that the Kv11.1 channel activator NS1643 activates a calcineurin-dependent transcription of p21 waf/cip and that this event is fundamental for the inhibitory effect of NS1643 on cell proliferation. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which stimulation of Kv11.1 channel leads to transcription of a potent tumor suppressor and suggest a potential therapeutic use for Kv11.1 channel activators.
LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIA OF THE NEON-HELIUM SYSTEM.

The production of reliable phase equilibria data for systems of cryogenic fluid mixtures has been of increasing importance in the last several years. Until recently, the data for systems containing neon were conspicuously lacking. At present, however, data have been published for several systems containing neon with another cryogenic fluid. Those binary systems which have been studied in the liquid-vapor region are neon with: n-H2 [1–3], p-H2 [4], D2 [5,6], N2 [7] Ar [8–10], O2 [11]. Of this list, only the Ne-n-H2 system has been thoroughly covered. The N2 and Ar systems have been covered up to 1000 psi. The O2 system has been covered up to 5000 psi. Finally, the D2 and p-H2 systems have only been investigated near the solidus curve. In the preceding list of systems, there is one system obviously lacking: the Ne-He system. This was the subject of the present investigation.
On the composition and decomposition of datalog program mappings

The purpose of this thesis is to study the composition of datalog mappings in order to analyze the situation where a sequence of datalog program queries are evaluated serially. Four related topics are investigated and shown to be useful for the optimization of datalog programs. First, the problem of when a composition mapping is equivalent to a datalog mapping (composability) is considered. An algebraic structure called composition system is abstracted from datalog mappings, and used to establish three characterizations for composability. Several consequences of these characterizations, including invariance properties of composability, are presented. Second, the reverse process of composition, namely decomposition, is examined. A canonical decomposition into (usually) smaller programs is given, as well as the decomposition of strongly linear programs and bounded programs into single-rule programs. Third, the class of prime programs is introduced and then scrutinized. Major results include the primality of a class of single-rule programs called symmetric; the existence of arbitrarily large primes; the factorization of bounded programs into single-rule primes; and a condition for the uniqueness of factorizations into primes. And fourth, a structure called datalog module is investigated in order to understand the infinite set of compositions of mappings formed from a finite set of programs. The family of datalog modules is shown to be a composition system. Finally, a special class of datalog modules, called derivation-bounded, is introduced and proven to have efficient computation and storage features. (Copies available exclusively from Micrographics Department, Doheny Library, USC, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0182.)
Proof nets for unit-free multiplicative-additive linear logic

A cornerstone of the theory of proof nets for unit-free multiplicative linear logic (MLL) is the abstract representation of cut-free proofs modulo inessential rule commutation. The only known extension to additives, based on monomial weights, fails to preserve this key feature: a host of cut-free monomial proof nets can correspond to the same cut-free proof. Thus, the problem of finding a satisfactory notion of proof net for unit-free multiplicative-additive linear logic (MALL) has remained open since the inception of linear logic in 1986. We present a new definition of MALL proof net which remains faithful to the cornerstone of the MLL theory.
In vivo effects of adipose tissue extracts (ATE) on the blood glucose concentrations of intact, spontaneously diabetic mice of the KK strain and adrenalectomized rats.

Partially purified preparations of bovine adipose tissue extracts (ATE) produced a significant decline in the blood glucose concentrations of intact, spontaneously diabetic mice of the KK strain following intraperitoneal administration. These mice are considered to represent an inbred strain of diabetic animals similar to human diabetes of the maturity-onset type. Longterm studies in KK mice carried out for a period of 15 days demonstrated that ATE can produce a prolonged effect in these animals lasting 24 to 30 hr. ATE preparations obtained from homologous rat or heterologous bovine adipose tissue produced a significant decline in the blood glucose concentration of adrenalectomized rats following intravenous or intraperitoneal administration. The administration of ATE did not seem to affect the immunoassayable serum insulin concentrations of these animals. However, the concentration of circulating bound insulin decreased significantly in the blood of adrenalectomized rats and KK mice injected with ATE as...
Central difference-like approximation for the solution of the convection-diffusion equation

A method was developed for the numerical solution of the convection-diffusion equation. It is based on a central difference-like approximation and the requirement that cell face values of the convected variable must be bounded by their adjacent cell center values. To evaluate its performance, a two-dimensional problem that has bean used in the literature to test a large number of methods was used as a benchmark. The predictions of the proposed method are in very good agreement with the benchmark for all Peclet numbers. They are free of oscillations and far superior to those of the upwind scheme. At high Peclet numbers, spatial oscillations are the weakness of central difference schemes and Galerkin finite-element methods. Also, at high Peclet values, due to false diffusion, the accuracy of first-order upwind and hybrid schemes in practical meshes is poor.
Inferring changepoint times of medial temporal lobe morphometric change in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

This paper uses diffeomorphometry methods to quantify the order in which statistically significant morphometric change occurs in three medial temporal lobe regions, the amygdala, entorhinal cortex (ERC), and hippocampus among subjects with symptomatic and preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Magnetic resonance imaging scans were examined in subjects who were cognitively normal at baseline, some of whom subsequently developed clinical symptoms of AD. The images were mapped to a common template, using shape-based diffeomorphometry. The multidimensional shape markers indexed through the temporal lobe structures were modeled using a changepoint model with explicit parameters, specifying the number of years preceding clinical symptom onset. Our model assumes that the atrophy rate of a considered brain structure increases years before detectable symptoms. The results demonstrate that the atrophy changepoint in the ERC occurs first, indicating significant change 8–10 years prior to onset, followed by the hippocampus, 2–4 years prior to onset, followed by the amygdala, 3 years prior to onset. The ERC is significant bilaterally, in both our local and global measures, with estimates of ERC surface area loss of 2.4% (left side) and 1.6% (right side) annually. The same changepoint model for ERC volume gives 3.0% and 2.7% on the left and right sides, respectively. Understanding the order in which changes in the brain occur during preclinical AD may assist in the design of intervention trials aimed at slowing the evolution of the disease.
Developing a research career: advice from occupational therapy researchers.

OBJECTIVE Occupational therapy faculty members often need guidance in developing a research program that will result in publication and sponsorship. This qualitative study investigated how university faculty members had successfully established research programs. METHOD Nine well-known occupational therapy researchers were interviewed by telephone regarding how they had established a research career. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed. RESULTS The advice of the occupational therapy researchers included the following: complete a doctoral education, find mentors, and link with colleagues who have similar research interests. They also recommended that new researchers learn to take risks and accept criticism, prioritize, manage work time, and learn about the systems that support research. CONCLUSION Occupational therapy researchers' experiences can be used to provide helpful advice and guidance for faculty members who are beginning research programs.
A feedback regulator for following a reference trajectory

The use of classical linear-quadratic regulator theory in the synthesis of a regulator for a trajectory following problem may result in a system which is "overcontrolled." If exclusive concern centers on the spatial relationships between the system state variables, a simpler control policy is shown here to provide a reduced sensitivity to a class of exogenous disturbances.
Effective Operator Formalism in Optical Pumping

Real and virtual absorption of weak monochromatic light is analyzed with semiclassical radiation theory. The influence of the light on the atoms is described by an effective ground-state Hamiltonian operator, and the effect of the atoms on the light is described by a dielectric susceptibility operator. These operators are expressed explicitly in terms of familiar ground-state observables, angular factors, oscillator strengths, and plasma dispersion functions. The theory gives a comprehensive description of optical pumping, light shifts, and light modulation due to real and virtual absorption of light, and several new effects are predicted. Repopulation of the atomic ground state from a polarized excited state is not considered in this paper.
Quantum computation through entangling single photons in multipath interferometers

Single-photon interferometry has been used to simulate quantum computations. Its use has been limited to studying few-bit applications due to rapid growth in physical size with numbers of bits. We propose a hybrid approach that employs $n$ photons, each having $L$ degrees of freedom yielding ${L}^{n}$ basis states. The photons are entangled via a quantum nondemolition measurement. This approach introduces the essential element of quantum computing, that is, entanglement into the interferometry. Using these techniques, we demonstrate a controlled-NOT gate and a Grover's search circuit. These ideas are also applicable to the study of nonlocal correlations in many dimensions.
Pilot study evaluating the feasibility and initial outcomes of a primary care weight loss intervention with peer coaches.

PurposeThe purpose of this single-group pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and initial outcomes of a novel approach to delivering weight loss treatment in primary care using peer coaches and targeting predominantly African American patients with diabetes or prediabetes.MethodsParticipants (N = 33) were recruited from a family medicine practice for a 6-month lifestyle intervention. Eligible patients were obese adults (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) with ≥1 additional cardiometabolic risk factor(s), including (1) elevated hemoglobin A1C or diagnosed diabetes, (2) elevated blood pressure, (3) elevated triglycerides, and/or (4) low high-density lipoprotein. The intervention included a combination of 12 group-based office visits with health professionals plus 12 individual phone contacts with peer coaches. Outcomes included weight loss, program adherence, and program satisfaction.ResultsParticipants (mean age = 56 ± 10 years; BMI = 42.9 ± 11.0 kg/m2) were predominantly female (88%) a...
Leader Orientation and T-Group Effectiveness.

By extending Fiedler's conception of leader orientation, it was hypothesized that groups led by trainers oriented toward the group members most liked by their group are more effective-in terms of member satisfaction and achievement of group goals-than groups led by trainers oriented toward least-liked members of their group. This hypothesis was tested by comparing three T Groups whose leaders were oriented toward the "sociometric stars" in their group with three T Groups whose leaders were oriented toward the sociometric isolates. The hypothesis was supported by measures of member satisfaction with the group, achievement of group goals, and perceived group effectiveness in changing members' attitudes and behaviors. The mechanisms presumed to mediate between the leader's orientation and group effectiveness are discussed.
MIXED CONVECTION LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF LIQUIDS IN HORIZONTAL INTERNALLY FINNED TUBES

Developing mixed convection flow in internally finned tubes with variable viscosity was numerically investigated for a fin geometry range of 8 ≤ N≤24, 0.1 ≤ H ≤ 0.3 and an operating condition range of 50 ≤ Prin ≤ 1250, 0 ≤ Rain ≤ 107, and 0 ≤ qwd/kin ≤ 2000. The numerical model was validated by comparison with existing numerical and experimental data. Internal finning was found to produce a complex two-cell, buoyancy-induced vortex structure. The results show that coring (retarded velocity in the interfin region) leads to poor heat transfer performance of tubes with large numbers of fins or with tall fins. The overall results indicated that large enhancement in the heat transfer can be obtained in the entrance region. Furthermore, variable viscosity effects are seen to have a pronounced effect on the friction factor and Nusselt number predictions.
A general method for preparation of peptides biotinylated at the carboxy terminus.

Abstract A method for the preparation of a biotinylated resin that can be elongated by standard methods of solid-phase peptide synthesis to give peptides biotinylated at the carboxy terminus is described. This methodology is particularly important for the preparation of biotinylated peptides in which a free amino terminus is required. Coupling of Nϵ-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-(Fmoc)-Nα-tert-butyloxycarbonyl(Boc)- l -lysine to p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin, followed by removal of the Fmoc protecting group and reaction with (+)-biotin-4-nitrophenyl ester yielded Nα-Boc-biocytin-p-methyl-benzhydrylamine resin. The utility of this resin was tested by the synthesis of a biotinylated peptide, Gly-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-biocytin-NH2, for use as an in vitro substrate for myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), the enzyme that catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. Analysis of the peptide derivative by HPLC and mass spectrometry revealed a single major product of the expected mass, indicating that the biotin group survived cleavage and deprotection with HF. The biotinylated peptide served as a substrate for NMT, and the resulting myristoylated peptide could be quantitatively recovered by adsorption to immobilized avidin.
A new method for solving simultaneous linear equations associated with multivariate analysis

A method is outlined whereby the equations resulting from multivariate analyses may be solved. Only the upper or lower triangular coefficient matrix need be employed. All solutions involving any combination(s) of the variables represented in the coefficient matrix are readily obtainable without permutation of the matrix. All solutions are given immediately without the need for back solving. One variable is added to or subtracted from the regression equation with each application of the method. The method may be applied as repeatedly as needed for any particular solution.
Towards a Description of the Post-Boom

By the beginning of the 1980s it had become recognized that the ‘Boom’ in the New Spanish American novel had come to an end. This did not mean, of course, that the surviving ‘Boom’ writers had stop...
Interactive off-line editors

An editor provides the means to create and alter programs, text, and data. Full-screen editors allow easier and faster editing over line editors. Performing editing tasks on-line with a mainframe or minicomputer can incur avoidable overhead costs. One alternative to online editing is the use of microcomputers as off-line editors.
Demand, Segmentation, and Timing Effects of an Urban Containment Program on Urban Fringe Land Values

Theoretically, urban containment programs will create an additional demand for urban land, reduce the demand for rural land, and segment the urban fringe land market into urban and rural submarkets...
Business cycle and corruption

Abstract In studying the Great Depression, Galbraith asserts that the higher the transitory income the higher the corruption. For a panel of 39 countries over 13 years, 1995–2007, Galbraith's claim holds. Regression analyses also confirm that the higher the permanent income, the lower the corruption.
Left ventricular contraction patterns in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and normal coronary angiograms: a new look at the takotsubo syndrome.

Background: Original descriptions of the takotsubo syndrome (TS) included a characteristic left ventricular (LV) contraction pattern, ‘‘apical ballooning.’’ Recently, several reports have associated contraction patterns not strictly conforming to the original description with TS. The specifics of the contraction pattern seem to set TS apart from the much larger population of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but no obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD). This study was undertaken to compare patients with midventricular and apical dysfunction with those with other LV contraction patterns. Hypothesis: If TS can present with a variety of patterns of LV dysfunction, then both those with and those without the pattern should have the clinical components previously assigned to the syndrome. Methods: We studied LV contraction patterns in consecutive ACS patients referred for consideration of emergent or urgent percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: Of the 893 patients evaluated in 2008, we excluded 862 on the basis of OCAD, preexisting LV dysfunction, or an obvious alternative cause of symptoms. The remaining 31 (3.5%) also had no OCAD but manifested an LV contraction abnormality. We compared the 15 patients (1.7%) whose ventriculograms met criteria for TS with the 16 patients (1.8%) whose did not. The most common alternative pattern was global hypokinesis, followed by a variety of segmental contraction abnormalities. Patients with the TS pattern were older and had evidence of greater myocardial injury. More than 85% were women. Conclusions: The TS pattern identifies a distinct subset of ACS patients with a remarkable predominance of postmenopausal women and is therefore fundamental to the definition of this entity. This distinctive facet of the syndrome is likely to be an important clue to its pathogenesis. We did not encounter patients with other patterns of LV dysfunction that could be thought to represent stress-induced cardiomyopathy.
Computer conferencing data structures in the GRANDiose system

By observing the behavior of users, system developers can structure a computer conferencing system to take special advantage of the computer communication medium. Through the use of dynamic references, such a system can support uniquely efficient functions for data pruning, retrieval, dissemination, and management. The authors present the structure of such a conferencing application in the GRANDiose system. They then make some observations regarding future directions based upon their experience with the system.
Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Al-Cr Alloys in Sulfur- and Oxygen-Rich Environments in the Presence of Pyrite

Abstract Iron-aluminum-based alloys recently have been considered as weld overlay coatings for corrosion protection. These alloys previously have been shown to possess excellent oxidation and sulfi...
Carbon dioxide fixation by bovine semen, washed spermatozoa, and seminal plasma.

Abstract Radioactive carbon dioxide, released by acidifying NaH 14 CO 3 in a side arm of a Warburg flask, was incorporated by whole semen, washed spermatozoa, and seminal plasma. When the incubation mixture was fractionated into supernatant, total lipids, nucleic acids, and protein, radioactivity was recovered in both the supernatant and total lipid fractions of whole semen but only in the supernatant of washed spermatozoa. Fixation of 14 CO 2 by washed spermatozoa was significantly less in Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, than in Krebs-Ringer buffer, pH 7.4. When pyruvate was not added, there was little or no CO 2 fixation by washed spermatozoa; however, substantial 14 CO 2 incorporation occurred in the presence of 15mM pyruvate. Increasing pyruvate above 15mM resulted in no significant additional increase in CO 2 fixation. Malic enzyme activity was found in acetone powder extracts of washed bovine spermatozoa, and NADP + and MnCl 2 were required for maximal activity.
WE-B-213CD-03: Fluoroscopy Training and Compliance - Experience of a Large Academic Institution

Training of physicians performing fluoroscopy is key to patient and staff safety. In the absence of uniform regulations regarding credentialing of physicians performing fluoroscopy, various states have adopted/implemented regulations. State of Maryland requires a 4‐hour initial training in fluoroscopy operations and safety and a one‐hour refresher course on the same subject once every 2 years. This applies to all physicians performing fluoroscopy with exception to board certified radiologists. The implementation of a program to comply with such regulatory requirements in a large academic center (Johns Hopkins) and the challenges to ensure compliance of all physicians performing fluoroscopy is the focus of this presentation. Along with that, the process on how to prepare and comply for the Joint Commission's sentinel event policy pertaining to prolonged fluoroscopy will be discussed. In addition, the presentation will also discuss process set in place to comply with regulatory requirements of monitoring personal radiation monitors, other training issues and radiationdose reduction strategies in fluoroscopy. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the credentialing and other requirements for physicians performing fluoroscopy. 2. To become familiar with the process set to comply with regulations at a large academic medical center. 3. To be able to utilize the information to implement similar process at other institutions.
Integrated loessite-paleokarst depositional system, early Pennsylvanian Molas Formation, Paradox Basin, southwestern Colorado, U.S.A.

Abstract Mississippian paleokarst served as a dust trap for the oldest known Paleozoic loessite in North America. The early Pennsylvanian Molas Formation consists of loessite facies (sorted, angular, coarse-grained quartz siltstone), infiltration facies (loess redeposited as cave sediments within paleokarst features of the underlying Mississippian Leadville Limestone), colluvium facies (loess infiltrated into colluvium surrounding paleokarst towers) and fluvial facies (siltstone-rich, fluvial channel and floodplain deposits with paleosols). The depositional system evolved from an initial phase of infiltration and colluvium facies that were spatially and temporally related to the paleokarst surface, to loessite facies that mantled the paleotopography, and to fluvial facies that were intercalated with marine-deltaic rocks of the overlying Pennsylvanian Hermosa Formation. This sequence is interpreted as a response to the modification of the dust-trapping ability of the paleokarst surface. Loess was initially eroded from the surface, transported and redeposited in the subsurface by the karst paleohydrologic system, maintaining the dust-trapping ability of the paleotopographic surface. Later, the paleotopographic surface was buried when loess accumulation rates exceeded the transport capacity of the karst paleohydrologic system. These changes could have occurred because of (1) increased dust input rates in western Pangaea, (2) rising base levels and/or (3) porosity loss due to deposition within paleokarst passageways.
The nature of Lactose operator constitutive mutations

Abstract Analysis of a large number of O c mutants of the lac operon has provided evidence indicating that: (a) the preponderance of O c mutations are of the base substitution type and all confer only partial constitutivity for Lac enzyme synthesis; (b) virtually all single-step O c mutations fall into one or the other of a small number of classes with respect to constitutive levels; (c) many O c mutations also have concomitant promoter effects, viz affect the maximum level of Lac enzyme synthesis.
A global view of twenty years of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

To mark the 20th anniversary of the publication of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (BBI), the current editors have arranged for a yearlong series of historical papers on research areas that have matured during the past 20 years. The papers will be written by investigators who were and continue to be active in the field of psychoneuroimmunology. This will be the second Named Series in the journal and is entitled, “Twenty Years of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.” Dr. Eric Smith at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston will serve as Guest Editor of this Named Series. Dr. Smith and colleagues were at the cutting edge of psychoneuroimmunology in 1987, and his active research program continues today. As the current President of the PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Dr. Smith is ideally positioned to guide this series to successful completion. In some ways, this brief commentary is an analogous statement on the maturation of BBI. Psychoneuroimmunology has, in the past 20 years, passed through stages of greater and then lesser opposition. The field has now reached the point where, if it is not totally accepted as being self evident, it is a bonafide specialized area of interdisciplinary research characterized by societies, journals, books, international meetings and NIH research grants. These are the trappings of a viable and important scientific enterprise.
Constrained components for the unstable hip following total hip arthroplasty: a literature review

Patients with chronic instability or late dislocation following total hip arthroplasty often require operative management. Unfortunately, there is an increased risk of recurrent dislocation following revision in these patients. Over the past decade the use of constrained devices for patients with chronic instability has gained increased interest; however, there is a paucity of studies available in the literature regarding the use of these devices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the available literature over the past 15 years, focusing on larger, long-term studies, to obtain recommendations from the respective articles for indications and contraindications for the use of constrained devices. Our review of eight reports included 1,199 hips in 1,148 patients with a total mean follow-up of 51 months (range, 24 to 124 months). The mean rate of dislocation following revision with a constrained liner was 10% and the mean re-operation rate for reasons other than dislocation was 4%. We concluded that constrained liners are an option for patients who have failed management of instability with other implants, those with instability of unclear etiology, those with cognitive problems who are unable to follow dislocation precautions, those with deficient abductors, and elderly or low-demand individuals with well-positioned implants requiring revision.
Accessory cardiac bronchus: Demonstration by computed tomography

Distinctive computed tomography features of the accessory cardiac bronchus are illustrated. Bronchial anomalies, while rare, are important to recognize, especially if bronchoscopy or surgery is anticipated. Related clinical symptoms are thought to be secondary to retained secretions.
A Comparison of Washed Red Blood Cells Versus Packed Red Blood Cells (AS-1) for Cardiopulmonary Bypass Prime and Their Effects on Blood Glucose Concentration in Children

The effects on blood glucose concentrations of packed red blood cells (AS-1) (group I) versus washed red blood cells (group II) for cardiopulmonary bypass prime were compared in 20 infants weighing less than 10 kg undergoing cardiac surgical procedures. All patients were anesthetized with N2O/O2/isoflurane/fentanyl and received lactated Ringer's solution prior to bypass. Blood glucose concentrations prior to bypass were 85 +/- 15 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) in group I and 81 +/- 14 mg/dl in group II. Blood glucose concentrations were 210 +/- 21 mg/dl versus 78 +/- 14 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) 10 min after initiation of bypass, 241 +/- 48 mg/dl versus 107 +/- 28 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) prior to separation from bypass, and 214 +/- 52 mg/dl versus 97 +/- 19 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) after protamine administration in group I and group II, respectively. The use of washed red blood cells for cardiopulmonary bypass priming solution in infants significantly attenuates the increase in blood glucose concentration otherwise observed during cardiopulmonary bypass.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF MONONUCLEOTIDES ON VIRUS PLAQUE FORMATION.

SummaryAlkaline hydrolysates of yeast ribonucleic acid were found to inhibit markedly plaque formation by vaccinia and chikungunya viruses in chick embryo fibroblast monolayers. Mononucleotides were subsequently implicated and shown to inhibit vaccinia virus plaque formation. Adenosine monophosphate was the most effective of the nucleotides tested in inhibiting vaccinia virus and the inhibition could be reversed with mixtures of the mononucleotides.
Mapping protein-protein contact sites using cellulose-bound peptide scans.

We have characterized the interaction of two monoclonal antibodies with their respective antigens using cellulose-bound sets of overlapping peptides (peptide scans). Both antibodies CB/RS/5 and CB/MT/1 recognize discontinuous epitopes present in human interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, the interaction between TNF-a and its 55-kDa receptor (TNF-R) was investigated by the same approach. Both antibodies, as well as TNF-α, interacted with two or more regions of the peptide scans. Antibody-binding competition studies between the native antigens and peptides, covering single parts of the binding regions, enabled us to distinguish between binding to the paratope or other regions of the antibody. The combination of these experimental approaches allowed the identification of short antigen-derived sequences that are separated on the primary sequence but close in space on the surface of IL-10 and TNF-α, thus representing putative discontinuous epitopes. In the case of the TNF-R-derived peptide scans, two of the identified regions interact with the structurally similar TNF-β in the TNF-β-TNF-R complex. These data indicate that this approach should be generally applicable for mapping nonlinear protein-protein contact sites.