cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 10GHz TCP offload accelerator for 10Gb/s Ethernet in 90nm dual-V/sub T/ CMOS

This prototype offloads TCP input processing on minimum packet sizes at wire speed for 10Gb/s Ethernet. The design employs a 10GHz core with a specialized instruction set and includes hardware support for dynamically reordering packets. In a 90nm dual-V/sub T/ CMOS process, the 8mm/sup 2/ chip has 260K transistors. Simulation predicts a power dissipation of 1.9W at 1.2V and 10GHz.
Optimal Public Subsidies of Nursing Home Insurance in the United States

All individuals, at any age, face a positive probability of illness and attendant medical expenses. In a non-trivial minority of illnesses, patients will experience a stay in a nursing home, an institution primarily providing custodial care to persons not fully well and unable to perform their normal functions. Sometimes nursing home stays are brief, representing a period of convalescence after an acute illness, and sometimes the stays are long term, the aftermath of an illness that becomes chronic, and continues until the person's death. In the mixed public and private health care financing system in the U. S., many people are not initially eligible for public insurance for nursing home care. The incremental costs of nursing home care, over and above ordinary consumption expenses, are substantial. Recent estimates put the total cost of a year's nursing home stay of modest amenity at about $22,000 per year (compared to average consumption expenses per elderly household of about $11,000 per year), and costs can range as high as $100,000 per year. An alternative to nursing home care is assistance in the home, but costs here are often as high as the incremental nursing home costs of about $ 10,000 per year. So individuals face large and unexpected nursing home expenses, yet purchase of private insurance coverage against such cost is quite rare, with only about two percent of the elderly purchasing coverage. Is such failure by presumably risk averse people to cover the cost of a low probability, high loss event another example of "irrational" behavior in the face of risk, or can non-purchase be squared with rational behavior? Whether private behavioral is rational or not, what is the appropriate form and basis (if any) for a public subsidy? In this paper I will investigate one of the reasons for private non-purchase: The existence of the means-tested, publicly financed Medicaid program which pays for nursing home care once a person's wealth falls near to zero. (In other work (Pauly, [1988]), I have
HA-966 (1-hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolidone-2) selectively reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated brain damage.

The neuroprotective effects of the strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor antagonist, HA-966, against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and quisqualate (QA)-mediated brain injury were determined in perinatal rats. Postnatal day (PND) 7 rats received intrastriatal injections of NMDA (25 nmol) or QA (100 nmol) and then were administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of varying doses of HA-966 or vehicle 15 min later. Animals were sacrificed 5 days later and the degree of brain injury was calculated by comparison of the weights of injected and contralateral cerebral hemispheres. HA-966 selectively reduced the degree of NMDA-mediated brain injury in a dose-dependent manner. However, HA-966 did not attenuate QA-mediated brain injury.
Optimal Asset Liquidation Using Limit Order Book Information

We consider an asset liquidation problem at the market microstructure level, where we use limit order book information to construct a measure of the instantaneous supply and demand imbalance in the market. In this context, it is optimal to submit sell orders when this imbalance is low, indicating that a price drop is imminent. Identifying good trading times is equivalent to solving an optimal stopping problem, where the objective is to stop whenever the supply-demand imbalance is small. The solution to such an optimal stopping problem divides the state space into a "trade" and "no trade" region. We present structural properties of the optimal policy and use a dynamic programming formulation to find good approximations to the optimal trade region. We also investigate shapes of the trade and no trade regions given different underlying price processes, input parameters and assumptions on the latency of the trade execution. Finally, we calculate efficiently the cost of latency in the trade execution and demonstrate that the advantage of observing the limit order book can dissipate quickly as latency increases. In the empirical studies section, we show that our optimal policy significantly outperforms the benchmark TWAP algorithm in liquidating on-the-run U.S. treasury bonds, saving on average approximately 1/3 of the spread per share liquidated if trades are executed with low latency (~10 milliseconds).
Advanced image reconstruction strategies for 4D prostate DCE-MRI: steps toward clinical practicality

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI is an important tool for the detection and characterization of primary and recurring prostate cancer. Advanced reconstruction strategies (e.g., sparse or low-rank regression) provide improved depiction of contrast dynamics and pharmacokinetic parameters; however, the high computation cost of reconstructing 4D (3D+time, 50+ frames) datasets typically inhibits their routine clinical use. Here, a novel alternating direction method-of-multipliers (ADMM) optimization strategy is described that enables these methods to be executed in ∠5 minutes, and thus within the standard clinical workflow. After overviewing the mechanics of this approach, high-performance implementation strategies will be discussed and demonstrated through clinical cases.
The PRXamide Neuropeptide Signalling System: Conserved in Animals

Abstract The PRXamide family of neuropeptides is based on the core amino acids at the C-terminal end that are required for activity and on sequence homology of their cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors. The PRXamide family of neuropeptides includes the pyrokinins, pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptides, diapause hormone, CAPA/periviscerokinins (aka cardioacceleratory peptide 2b), and ecdysis-triggering hormone found throughout the Insecta. The vertebrate homologues include neuromedin U because it has a PRNamide C-terminal sequence. The vertebrate G protein-coupled receptors that are homologous to the insect receptors also include receptors for ghrelin, motilin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in addition to the neuromedin U receptor. This review will not only summarize the recent literature on this neuropeptide family but also include recent information about the prevalence of the neuropeptides across the Insecta based primarily on genomic and transcriptomic sequence information. Information is also included about the PRXamide ligands and their receptors in other protostome and deuterostome lineages. The conservation of ligands and receptors among all animals will be presented along with ideas on the coevolution of ligands and receptors.
A participant observation study of the resolution of audit engagement challenges in government tax compliance audits

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to extend the prior auditing literature by examining audit engagement challenges arising during government tax compliance audits. The prior auditing literature has examined how audit engagement challenges have been resolved through auditor/auditee negotiations. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical evidence for the paper was gathered during a participant observation study conducted by the primary researcher over a period of six years while working as an auditor for the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the US Department of Treasury. Findings – This paper discusses various challenges faced by government auditors and how these challenges were resolved. The path to resolution was not always clearly marked. Resolution depended a great deal on the individual auditor’s judgment, interpretation of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs), and the willingness of the auditee to change the methods and techniques they use in operating and reporting wine operatio...
Selective THz excitation of collective modes in underdoped YBCO

We use intense broadband THz pulses to excite underdoped YBCO exhibiting competing superconducting and charge density wave ground states. We observe pronounced coherent oscillations at 1.85 and 2.65THz, attributed to renormalized low-energy phonon modes.
Layout pattern minimization for next-generation technologies

Is it argued that computational lithography is made tractable by limiting the number of unique layout patterns in the design. The use of regular design fabrics have been proposed and successfully used to create designs by introducing deviations to an underlying regular fabric. However, using a pessimistic optical interaction range based on theoretical calculations has shown that we are not able to sufficiently limit the layout patterns even after using a very regular layout methodology. In this paper we describe a methodology to determine a more realistic optical interaction range for regular design fabrics and apply it to the 32 nm technology node to demonstrate that the optical interaction range can be limited to 2-3 pitches as compared to 10 pitches based on a pessimistic theoretical estimation. We discuss results that demonstrate that layouts created using templates on a regular design fabric enable sufficient pattern control for deterministic source mask optimization (SMO). We also discuss the methodology for classifying patterns into equivalent pattern classes to reduce the total number of patterns required for process characterization.
MINIMIZING NITROGEN DIOXIDE EXPOSURE DURING INHALED NITRIC OXIDE THERAPY. 2105

Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is an investigational therapy for pulmonary hypertension in adults and children. One of the main toxicities associated with its use is lung injury from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure. Efforts to limit the toxicity should focus on minimizing patients' NO2 exposure. NO2 is formed when mixing NO and oxygen at a rate dependent on the concentration of oxygen and the square of the concentration of NO. Equation
The Antitumor Activity of Plant-Derived Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids.

As a therapeutic agent, most people are familiar with the palliative effects of the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa (CS), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a molecule active at both the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor subtypes. Through the activation primarily of CB1 receptors in the central nervous system, THC can reduce nausea, emesis and pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. During the last decade, however, several studies have now shown that CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists can act as direct antitumor agents in a variety of aggressive cancers. In addition to THC, there are many other cannabinoids found in CS, and a majority produces little to no psychoactivity due to the inability to activate cannabinoid receptors. For example, the second most abundant cannabinoid in CS is the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD). Using animal models, CBD has been shown to inhibit the progression of many types of cancer including glioblastoma (GBM), breast, lung, prostate and colon cancer. This review will center on mechanisms by which CBD, and other plant-derived cannabinoids inefficient at activating cannabinoid receptors, inhibit tumor cell viability, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and the stem-like potential of cancer cells. We will also discuss the ability of non-psychoactive cannabinoids to induce autophagy and apoptotic-mediated cancer cell death, and enhance the activity of first-line agents commonly used in cancer treatment.
Comparative studies on the effect of 4-APP(4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine) on hamster and rat adrenal cortex.

Summary The study aimed to compare, by means of stereologic methods, the reactivity of the adrenal cortex of the hamster and the rat to prolonged treatment with 4-aminopyrazolo-(3,4d)pyrimidine (4-APP), a drug reducing hepatic secretion of plasma lipoprotein. Adult female hamsters, intact or cortisone suppressed, were administered i.p. daily with 0.5 mg 4-APP for 5 days while intact female rats received 1 mg of the drug per dose. 4-APP resulted in a loss of body weight, with the more profound effect in the hamster. In the rat 4-APP did not change the adrenal gland weight, the volume of the adrenocortical zones, the average volume of adrenocortical cells and the number of parenchymal cells in the gland. Moreover, serum ACTH and corticosterone levels in the rat remained unchanged. In the intact hamster 4-APP decreased the adrenal gland weight, the volume of the zona fasciculata and enhanced the serum cortisol level. In steroid suppressed hamsters 4-APP lowered the adrenal weight, the volume of fasciculata and reticularis zones, the average volume of the fasciculata cells and the number of parenchymal cells in the gland. These findings may suggest the direct inhibitory effect of low 4-APP doses on the hamster adrenal cortex and clearly demonstrate higher susceptibility of the hamster adrenal cortex, if compared with the rat, to 4-aminopyrazolo-pyrimidine.
TGF-β and cancer

TGF-beta signaling regulates tumorigenesis and in human cancer its signaling pathways are often modified during tumor progression. Prior to initiation and early during progression TGF-beta acts upon the epithelium as a tumor suppressor, however at later stages it is often a tumor promoter. Over the years, many studies have focused on the epithelial cell autonomous role for TGF-beta, however, TGF-beta is not strictly limited to this compartment in vivo. Recent studies addressing TGF-beta mediated stromal-epithelial interactions have significantly improved our understanding related to the regulation of cancer. In addition, stromal fibroblast cell autonomous effects have been observed in response to TGF-beta stimulation. According to the current literature and experimental evidence, TGF-beta is a potent ligand that regulates carcinoma initiation, progression and metastasis through a broad and complex spectrum of interdependent interactions.
Phylogeny of a pincushion

Invertebrate Relationships: Patterns In Animal Evolution . By Pat Willmer. Cambridge University Press: 1990. Pp. 400. Hbk£32, $49.50; pbk £12.95, $22.95.
Miocene shelf-edge deltas and their impact on deepwater slope progradation and morphology, Northwest Shelf of Australia

Late-middle Miocene to Pliocene siliciclastics in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Northwest Shelf of Australia, are interpreted as having been deposited by deltas. Some delta lobes deposited sediments near and at the shelf break (shelf-edge deltas), whereas other lobes did not reach the coeval shelf break before retreating landward or being abandoned. Shelf-margin mapview morphology changes from linear to convex-outward in the northern part of the study area where shelf-edge deltas were focused. Location and character of shelf-edge deltas also had significant impact on alongstrike variability of margin progradation and shelf-edge trajectory. Total late-middle and late Miocene margin progradation is ca. 13 km in the south, where there were no shelf-edge deltas, vs. ca. 34 km in the north where shelf-edge deltas were concentrated. In the central area, the deltas were arrested and accumulated a few kilometres landward of the shelf break, resulting in an aggradational shelf-edge trajectory, in contrast to the more progradational trajectory farther north. This illustrates a potential limitation of shelf-edge trajectory analysis: only where shelf-edge deltas occur, there is sufficient sediment available for the shelf-edge trajectory to record relative sea-level fluctuations reliably. Small-scale (ca. 400 m wide) incisions were already conspicuous on the coeval slope even before deltas reached the shelf break. However, slope gullies immediately downdip from active shelf-edge deltas display greater erosion of underlying strata and are wider and deeper (>1 km wide, ca. 100 m deep) than coeval incisions that are laterally offset from the deltaic depocenter (ca. 0.7 km wide, ca. 25 m deep). We interpret this change in slope-gully dimensions as the result of greater erosion by sediment gravity flows sourced from the immediately adjacent shelf-edge deltas. Similarly, gullies also incised further (up to 6 km) into the outer shelf in the region of active shelfedge deltas.
Pulsar bound on the photon electric charge reexamined.

If photons have a small electric charge [ital Q][sub [gamma]] their path in the galactic magnetic field will be curved, leading to a time delay between photons of different frequency from a distant source. Cocconi's previous application of this argument led to a limit which is too restrictive by a factor of about 200; the corrected bound is [ital Q][sub [gamma]]/[ital e][approx lt]10[sup [minus]29].
Studies on the metabolism of the neurotoxic tri-o-cresyl phosphate. Synthesis and identification by infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry of five of its metabolites.

Abstract Five metabolites of the industrial neurotoxic chemical tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) were synthesized and their structures were verified by infrared, IR; proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 1H-NMR; and mass spectrometry. The 2 acids, o-cresyl dihydrogen phosphate and di-o-cresyl hydrogen phosphate were prepared in 2 steps. Step 1, POCl3 was reacted with o-cresol, using 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 as a catalyst, to form the 2 intermediates o-cresyl phosphorodichloridate and di-o-cresyl phosphorochloridate, respectively. Step 2, the chloridate intermediates were hydrolyzed under the appropriate conditin to the corresponding acids. These acids were further derivatized to the corresponding methyl ester and the products were analyzed by the spectroscopic techniques. Saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate[2-(o-cresyl)-4H-1:3:2-benzodioxaphosphoran-2-one] was synthesized by reacting the potassium salt of o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with o-cresyl phosphorodichloridate. Hydroxymethyl TOCP [di-o-cresyl o-hydroxymethylphenyl phosphate] and dihydroxymethyl TOCP [o-cresyl di-o-hydroxymethylphenyl phosphate] were synthesized by reacting di-o-cresyl phosphorochloridate with the potassium salt of o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. The products were separated and purified by repeated preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using 3 different solvent systems. The purity of the 5 metabolites, which was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ranged from 92% to 99%.
A metabolic investigation of urinary β-aminoisobutyric acid excretion in man.

Abstract Comparative effects of various orally administered β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIB) precursors on urinary BAIB excretion in genetically determined high and low excretors were studied in man. Orally administered thymine gives rise to more urinary BAIB than equal amounts of dihydrothymine (DHT) or β-ureidoisobutyric acid (BUIB) which metabolically are closer to BAIB (thymine DHT ⇒ 4 BUIB → BAIB). However, this phenomenon is shown to be due to the poorer in vivo uptake of DHT and BUIB than thymine. At low levels of BAIB precursors (thymine, DHT, and BUIB), a marked difference in the urinary BAIB excretion rate occurs between low and high excretors; whereas, at high levels, this difference is almost eliminated. The data rule out the possibility of this difference resulting from a metabolic block in the thymine → BAIB pathway in low excretors. Several other possible explanations are pointed out. Comparative aspects of the thymine → BAIB pathway in man, rat, and the mouse are discussed. Although this pathway is functional in all three species, marked differences exist which serve to explain why urinary BAIB is found normally only in man. Experiments with other test substances (thymidine, cytosine, orotic acid, thiamine, and valine) indicate that thymine is probably the only significant source of urinary BAIB in man.
Short pulse backscattering by a rough surface: analytical results and computer simulation of travel times and intensities of the earliest arrivals

Statistical properties of travel times and intensities of the first two arrivals of short pulses backscattered by a Gaussian rough surface in two-dimensions are obtained by computer simulation. Two specific cases are investigated: a collimated incident beam that is sufficiently wide with a plane wavefront, and a spherical wavefront generated by a point source located sufficiently far from the surface. The simulated results obtained are in a good agreement with theoretical estimates published recently by Fuks and Godin (see Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2004, 14 (2004) 539–562).
Hypnosis in the Treatment of Phobias: A Review of the Literature

Abstract The literature on the use of hypnosis in the treatment of phobias was reviewed. Case reports and controlled studies indicated mixed results, which were discussed in terms of methodological considerations, the overlap between hypnotherapy and behavior therapy, and hypnotic susceptibility and phobic behavior. It was concluded that hypnosis is an effective and efficient adjunct in the treatment of phobias.
Family Child Care Learning Environments: Caregiver Knowledge and Practices Related to Early Literacy and Mathematics

This paper presents findings from a stratified-random survey of family child care providers’ backgrounds, caregiving environments, practices, attitudes, and knowledge related to language, literacy, and mathematics development for preschool children. Descriptive results are consistent with prior studies suggesting that home-based providers are older, less educated, and care for a wider age-range of children than center-based providers. Provider education was unrelated to performance on the knowledge assessment and to endorsed learning goals and practices whereas years of experience demonstrated some relations with caregiving practices but was negatively related to pedagogical knowledge. Providers favorably endorse regular implementation of educationally-related activities and play with literacy- and math-related materials, but may lack the specific expertise and curricular support to best support the early development of key early language, literacy, and math skills.
Effect of electron-electron interactions on hopping and on delocalization

Abstract In impurity bands the Coulomb interaction energies are of the same order as the disorder energy, and must therefore be considered. The effect of these interactions on the density of one-electron excitations (the Coulomb gap) is discussed. The Coulomb gap can be alleviated by many-electron hops. The role of such many-electron hops on hopping transport at very low temperatures is evaluated, and a tentative formula for the conductivity obtained. Relevant experimental work from the literature is discussed in the context of the many-electron effects. Finally, a brief discussion of the effects of interactions on the Anderson transition is presented.
A multiple objective optimization approach to aircraft control systems design

The design of an aircraft lateral control system, subject to several performance criteria and constraints, is considered. While in the previous studies of the same model a single criterion optimization, with other performance requirements expressed as constraints, has been pursued, the current approach involves a multiple criteria optimization. In particular, a Pareto Optimal solution is sought. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this approach has not been reported in the previous literature, while applied to the class of problems under consideration.
Depressive Spectrum Disorders in High-Risk Adolescents: Episode Duration and Predictors of Time to Recovery

ABSTRACT Objective Durations of first episodes of major depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorders with depressed mood or with mixed emotional features, and minor depressions were examined in a community high-risk adolescent sample. Factors associated with longer recovery times were examined for each disorder. Method Semistructured diagnostic interviews were conducted annually (6th through 12th grade) to assess children's current and lifetime history of psychopathology. Cox regressions were used to explore factors associated with longer time to recovery. Results Episode durations were consistent with prior community studies and generally shorter than those reported in clinical samples. A greater number of maternal depressive episodes predicted a more prolonged time to recovery from major depression, and greater adolescent impairment was associated with longer episode duration of both major and minor depression. Conclusions Treatment and prevention efforts should be directed toward offspring of parents with recurrent mood disorders, particularly adolescents with minor as well as major depression. The authors also recommend that the median rather than the mean be used to evaluate the duration of depressive disorders.
Cash flow: a quick and easy way to learn personal finance

Abstract A cash flow spreadsheet methodology simplifies solving a number of common personal finance problems. At schools where a basic finance course is not a prerequisite for the personal financial planning course, this methodology makes learning personal finance skills and concepts quick and easy. It reinforces time value of money mathematics when students have had a prerequisite finance course. Creating the cash flow spreadsheets, editing them for errors, and testing the finished spreadsheets for logical consistency imprints in minds of most students the skills and concepts you are trying to teach.
A Nonlinear Constitutive Model for Stress Relaxation in Ligaments and Tendons

A novel constitutive model that describes stress relaxation in transversely isotropic soft collagenous tissues such as ligaments and tendons is presented. The model is formulated within the nonlinear integral representation framework proposed by Pipkin and Rogers (J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 16:59-72, 1968). It represents a departure from existing models in biomechanics since it describes not only the strain dependent stress relaxation behavior of collagenous tissues but also their finite strains and transverse isotropy. Axial stress-stretch data and stress relaxation data at different axial stretches are collected on rat tail tendon fascicles in order to compute the model parameters. Toward this end, the rat tail tendon fascicles are assumed to be incompressible and undergo an isochoric axisymmetric deformation. A comparison with the experimental data proves that, unlike the quasi-linear viscoelastic model (Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanics of Living Tissues. Springer, New York, 1993) the constitutive law can capture the observed nonlinearities in the stress relaxation response of rat tail tendon fascicles.
Assay and computation of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity of endothelial cells

The angiotensin-converting enzyme activity of endothelial cells in culture can be estimated by radioassay using commercially available acylated tripeptide substrates. A simple procedure and a computer program for analysis of data are described. The assay can be used as an aid to identification and characterization of endothelial cells in culture and can be used for continuing validation of the cell line.
Comparing measurements of g (2) (0) performed with different coincidence detection techniques

I present measurements of the degree of second-order coherence g(2)(0) for spontaneous parametric downconversion fields and discuss the differences between two-detector (unconditional) and three-detector (conditional) measurements of g(2)(0). An emphasis is placed on comparing measurements made using time-to-amplitude converters (TACs) to those made using a logic circuit, illustrating how the TAC measurements are adversely influenced by dead time effects. Finally, I show how the detrimental effects of dead time when using TACs can be mitigated by renormalizing the measurement results.
Effects of the finite proton mass in a hydrogen atom in crossed magnetic and electric fields: a state with a giant electric dipole moment

Abstract The interaction of the center of mass motion and the relative motion in a hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields leads to peculiar quasi-ionized states with an electron localized very far from a proton. The properties of the state, specifically softening of the proton cyclotron resonance, are discussed.
Brain Metabolism During Hypoglycemia: Effect of Insulin on Regional Central Nervous System Glucose and Energy Reserves in Mice

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine, glucose levels, and metabolic rates were measured in several regions of the central nervous system (CNS) of normal and hypoglycemic (insulin) mice. Following insulin treatment, there was a progressive deterioration of neurological function, a uniform, marked decrease of glucose reserves, and a uniform depression of metabolic rate throughout the CNS; however, ATP and phosphocreatine levels were unaltered. These results indicate that the functional encephalopathy resulting from hypoglycemia is not due to a lack of chemical energy. Also, the present results indicate that the clinically apparent depression of neural function in progressively descending levels of the CNS during hypoglycemia is not a result of a depletion of glucose reserves or depression of metabolic rate more rapidly in the rostral portions of the CNS than in the more caudal portions.
Contemporary psychoanalytic perspectives on gorge‐vomiting. A case illustration

The purpose of this paper is to bring recent formulations derived from different lines of conceptual development within psychoanalytic theory to bear on the anorectic and bulimic/gorge-vomiting syndromes. A brief review of major trends and conceptual advances in psychoanalytic theory is followed by a clinical case presentation of a hospitalized anorectic and gorge-vomiting adolescent girl. Her chaotic history, vexing clinical picture, and turbulent course of treatment are reviewed. Finally, a comprehensive formulation derived from self-psychology, psychodynamic developmental theory, and object relations theory is advanced with a view toward titrating clinical manifestations to their developmental origin, providing a more comprehensive understanding of symptomatology, and securing the formation of a more accurate treatment program.
Lipid Deposition and Metabolism in Rat Placenta During Gestation

Changes in placental lipid content in rats at the 15th and 20th days of pregnancy were investigates. It was found that progress of gestation is accompanied by a significant increase in triglycerides per mg placental DNA. Maternal starvation caused additional increase in the placental triglyceride content. By incubation with 14C-oleic acid, it was shown that placenta at term possesses an increased capacity to esterify fatty acids at a wide range of medium oleic acid concentrations. Increase in free fatty acid concentration caused a linear increase of their incorporation into placental lipids. Oxidation of oleic acid into CO2 was also increased with the duration of gestation, but to a lesser degree and over a narrower range of concentration than esterification, suggesting an increased channelling of fatty acids into glycerides.
A Determination of the Identity Elements in Yeast 18 S Ribosomal RNA for the Recognition of Ribosomal Protein YS11: The Role of the Kink–Turn Motif in Helix 11

A description of the site of interaction of YS11, the yeast homolog of eubacterial S17, with 18 S rRNA was obtained by assessing the binding of the ribosomal protein, in a filter retention assay, to oligoribonucleotides that reproduce regions of 18 S rRNA. YS11 binds predominantly to domain I; the Kd value is 113 nM. The dimensions of the YS11 binding site were refined, guided by chemical protection data and by the atomic structure of the Thermus thermophilus 30 S subunit, which has the S17 recognition site in 16 S rRNA. An oligoribonucleotide that mimics helix 11, a phylogenetically conserved region in domain I, binds YS11 with a Kd value of 230 nM; a second oligoribonucleotide that contains only the kink-turn motif in helix 11 binds YS11 with a Kd value of 528 nM. Thus, helix 11 has most of the nucleotides required for the recognition of YS11. To identify those nucleotides a set of 27 transversion mutations in H11 was constructed and their contribution to the binding of YS11 determined. Mutations of nine nucleotides (U313, C314, A316, G337, C338, G347, U348, U350, and C351) increased the Kd value for YS11 binding by at least eightfold; G325U and U349A mutations increased the Kd value fivefold. Eight of the 11 mutations are in the kink–turn in H11, confirming the critical importance of the motif for YS11 recognition. The other three nucleotides are in the lower stem and the terminal loop of H11, which makes a lesser, but still important, contribution to YS11 binding. The identity elements for YS11 recognition are: A316, G325, G337, G347, U348, U349, U350, and C351. The effect of the other nucleotides that decrease binding is probably indirect, presumably they affect the conformation of the binding site but do not have contacts to YS11 amino acid residues. The eight identity element nucleotides are in regions of H11 that deviate from A-form geometry and the contacts are predominantly, if not exclusively, to backbone phosphate and sugar oxygen atoms, indicating that YS11 recognizes the shape of the rRNA binding site rather than reading the sequence of nucleotides.
Capacity utilization and depreciation-in-use

In this paper, the effect capacity utilization has on the depreciation of capital goods is studied, starting from a quadratic approximation to a normalized short-run cost function. Expressions for the optimal rate of capacity utilization, the demands for labour and energy, and for investment are obtained. Investment is a function of past capital stock, expected future capital stock, expected future relative prices and expected future depreciation rates. Expectations are modelled via instruments. The model is tested using US total manufacturing quarterly data. Depreciation dependent upon usage is found to be both statistically and economically significant.
Oculomotor functions and late-onset myopia

In order to elucidate the role of optical defocus in the development of late-onset myopia (LOM), we employed both theoretical and experimental approaches. In the theoretical study, which has been reported previously, we suggested a model in which an accommodative sensory operator was added to simulate the sensory part of the accommodation system. Results derived from the model showed that the sensory part might increase the system's threshold to the accommodative error (or defocus) signal. In this study, we measured the perceptual depth-of-focus and the system's threshold to the defocus signal for three refractive error groups: emmetropic (Emm), stable myopic (S.M.), and progressing myopic (P.M.). Results show that there are no significant differences in the perceptual depth-of-focus among the three groups. However, the defocus threshold values of the P.M. group are significantly higher than the values of the other two groups. This result in combination with our previous findings, leads us to suggest that individuals susceptible of developing myopia from sustained near-work have a specific oculomotor risk profile. Although we are still trying to determine the specific sequence of changes among dark-focus, AC/A ratio, the accommodative system's defocus threshold, and refractive error, we are convinced that the changes of oculomotor parameters underlie the type of myopia associated with near-work.
The roles of grain boundary dislocations and disclinations in the nucleation of {1 0 1¯ 2} twinning

Abstract Consider a magnesium bicrystal created from two single crystal lattices referred to as black and white. The bicrystal abuts a basal plane of the black crystal with a first-order prismatic plane of the white crystal. At zero stress, the boundary relaxes by developing coherent terraces, while two types of disconnection dipoles and a misfit dislocation above each dipole nucleate, in combination, to remove the attendant long-range elastic strains and maximize local coherency. When the bicrystal is stretched normal to its semicoherent interface, stress motivates the misfit dislocation at the far side of the boundary to glide and annihilate at the triple point. The removal of this bounding misfit dislocation allows the positive step of the disconnection dipole to conservatively move away. The negative step of this dipole, however, remains sessile at the grain boundary as it cannot glide conservatively. This sessile step facilitates nucleation of a new disconnection dipole. The first process of disconnection dipole widening then repeats, and the new residual negative step coalesces with the first one to form a novel disconnection of double step height. The whole process cycles once more, and two of these double-height disconnections pile-up at the boundary. The pile-up quickly relaxes into a coherent boundary along the {1 0 1 ¯ 2} plane; a {1 0 1 ¯ 2} twin facet thus nucleates, and a disclination dipole arises to bound the twin facet at the two junctions. Soon thereafter, the lower disclination, at the opposite side from where the misfit was removed, begins emitting twinning disconnections toward the upper disclination. These twinning disconnections caused their source junction to recede in favor of an overwhelming lengthening of the twin facet. All twinning disconnections end up moving through the upper disclination, thereby undergoing a dislocation transformation event. The new transformed disconnection glides freely along the remaining basal-prismatic boundary segment, and enables this boundary to be dragged with the propagating twin facet. This steady stage proceeds until the entire bicrystal transforms in to a single twinned crystal. This paper examines the fundamentals of these twin nucleation mechanisms at the grain boundary on the basis of the interfacial defect theory advanced by Pond and co-workers [1] , [2] . It introduces an important twin nucleation mechanism with dynamics of twin faceting in relation to an important asymmetric low-energy boundary in hexagonal close-packed materials.
Visualization of x-ray microtomography data for a human tooth atlas

Three-dimensional x-ray microtomography is used in this work to assess the internal morphology and mineral density of human tooth specimens. Of particular interest is the demonstration of the character of the distal root canal morphology, which can be as small as 10 microns. Human teeth are individually embedded in a low atomic number material. Each tooth is then identically scanned on an advanced design bench-top cone-beam microtomography system under controlled conditions. The specimens are scanned using an 80 kVp technique and a CsI(Tl) scintillator mounted via a taper to a thermoelectrically cooled CCD camera with an overall nominal pixel size of 15 microns at the plane of the specimen. Scanning a ruby sphere phantom independently assessed the resolution of the system. The full width at half-maximum of the plane spread function is nominally 53 microns in the axial direction and 60 microns in the transverse plane. The visualization of the x-ray data consists of several complimentary techniques, including a three-dimensional stack of the reconstructed tomogram slices with 30 micron reconstruction voxel, a 360 degree rotating view of the tooth comprised from a sequence of projection images processed for detail contrast enhancement and edge restoration, and a surface model of each tooth. In total, 237 human teeth representing multiple samples of each of the varied tooth types have been individually scanned, analyzed, and visualized to date. The set of tooth data is being compiled into a comprehensive human tooth atlas, which is to be made available on CD for students and investigators as a resource for anyone studying tooth morphology and mineralization.
Fluorescent Quantum Dot−Polymer Nanocomposite Particles by Emulsification/Solvent Evaporation

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were incorporated into biocompatible polyisoprene (PI) particles by microencapsulation through emulsification/solvent evaporation, a technique that is facile, robust, and inexpensive. Emulsification/solvent evaporation results in QDs encapsulated into the particle core without requiring chemical modification of the as-prepared QDs. The PI can be easily cross-linked after encapsulation to enhance the fluorescence stability of the QDs. The resulting PI−QD nanocomposite particles form as colloidally stable suspensions in water that exhibit stable fluorescence for months. The surface of the PI−QD nanocomposite particles was functionalized with carboxylates during the QD encapsulation to facilitate subsequent bioconjugation. Streptavidin-coated PI−QD particles displayed selective binding to biotin-conjugated polystyrene spheres, thus demonstrating the potential application of these particles in biolabeling.
Anisotropic, conducting films from imide anion radicals and poly(vinyl alcohol) formed by casting

Abstract N,N′-Bis(N-methyl-4-pyrdinium) 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide anion radicals and poly(vinyl alcohol) are used to cast air-stable, flexible films from water. Characterization by visible, NIR, IR and ESR spectroscopies shows that the anion radicals are present as π-stacks oriented preferentially in the film plane. This leads to inplane conductivities up to 103 higher than those across the film.
The future of microprocessors

Energy efficiency is the new fundamental limiter of processor performance, way beyond numbers of processors.
Experimental measurements of n-heptane liquid penetration distance and spray cone angle for steady conditions relevant to early direct-injection low-temperature combustion in diesel engines:

Early direct-injection is a diesel-engine combustion strategy in which fuel is injected early in the compression stroke when in-cylinder temperature and density are both much lower than for conventional operation, increasing the potential for impingement and wall wetting due to slower vaporization of fuel. Quantitative understanding of liquid-phase fuel penetration and dispersion, therefore, is necessary for these conditions in order to avoid problems such as impingement that are counterproductive to advanced combustion strategies. This work reports liquid penetration distances and spray cone angles of n-heptane measured using high-speed imaging of elastic light scattering in a constant-pressure flow vessel. Air temperatures in the constant-pressure flow vessel included well below, near, and well above saturation temperatures of n-heptane, which should provide insight into spray behavior of diesel fuel components for early-injection conditions that also potentially range from below to above saturation. Ma...
Novel Combinations of Vancomycin plus Ceftaroline or Oxacillin against Methicillin-Resistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Heterogeneous VISA

We demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between vancomycin and beta-lactam susceptibilities in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) isolates. Using time-kill assays, vancomycin plus oxacillin or ceftaroline was synergistic against 3 of 5 VISA and 1 of 5 hVISA isolates or 5 of 5 VISA and 4 of 5 hVISA isolates, respectively. Beta-lactam exposure reduced overall vancomycin-Bodipy (dipyrromethene boron difluoride [4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene] fluorescent dye) binding but may have improved vancomycin-cell wall interactions to improve vancomycin activity. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanism behind vancomycin and beta-lactam synergy.
Parsing Neurobiological Dysfunctions in Obesity: Nosologic and Ethical Consequences

In 2007, Nora Volkow, the director of the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse, argued in the American Journal of Psychiatry that obesity should be considered a brain disorder and considered for i...
A comparison in man of the autonomic and behavioral effects of N-allylnoratropine with atropine.

1. A derivative of atropine, N-allylnoratropine (naltropine), was administered in doses 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg in 41 trials to 23 medical student volunteers. 2. Autonomic effects were bradycardia, slight drop in systolic blood pressure, and moderate decrease in saliva production. 3. Pronounced behavioral and subjective effects were produced by 2.5 and 5.0 mg. These were quantified by the decreased score obtained on the friendly, energetic, and clear thinking sections of the Clyde Mood Scale. 4. Naltropine produced central effects at a dose level where autonomic effects were minimal, in sharp contrast to atropine where marked peripheral effects obtained with very small doses, and no behavioral effects occurred with the highest dose employed (1.25 mg).
Multi-Point Measurements in an Axisymmetric Sudden Expansion

A combination of flying hot-wire and stationary hot wire measurements have been used to estimate the u-component of the streamwise fluctuating velocity field for the radial and azimuthal plane in an axisymmetric sudden expansion flow for downstream step heights ranging from z/h = 3 to 12. This is performed using the technique of Linear Stochastic Estimation (LSE). The facility contains an expansion ratio of 3:1, and measurements are taken at a Reynolds number of 54,000 based on centerline velocity and inlet pipe diameter. The well resolved two-point correlation measurements obtained from the flying hot wire experiment are used in conjunction with an azimuthal array of 15 single component stationary hotwire probes at 2 radial locations of r/R = 0.12 and 0.57, normalized with the expansion pipe's radius, R. From these measurements, an experimental description of the axisymmetric sudden expansion is illustrated by combining the instantaneous information from the LSE, with the averaged low-dimensional picture from the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). This Complementary technique captures the unique low-dimensional unsteady behavior of the axisymmetric step flow.
Computing as Science and Practice

In these essays and articles, Mahoney explores the history of computing and its place in technology studies.
Synthesis and electric properties of dicobalt silicide nanobelts

Single crystalline Co2Si nanobelts were synthesized for the first time. Temperature-dependent electrical transport studies show the Co2Si nanobelts exhibit metallic behavior with a large negative magnetoresistance over 10% at low temperature, which may be attributed to alignment of the spins in surface cobalt atoms.
CALCIUM-INDUCED RELEASE OF γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID FROM SYNAPTOSOMES: EFFECTS OF TRANQUILIZER DRUGS

— Efflux of preloaded radioactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from mouse brain fractions enriched in synaptosomes could be significantly and reproducibly increased by switching from Ca2+-free wash solution to one containing 2 mM-Ca2+. With a filtration apparatus equipped for simultaneous buffer changes of eight samples, effects of various drugs on Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent efflux of GABA were studied. Several membrane-perturbing agents, including imipramine and neuroleptics like haloperidol and chlorpromazine, at 1 μM, potently inhibited Ca2+-dependent GABA release. Benzodiazepine drugs similarly inhibited Ca2+-dependent efflux, but also under appropriate conditions, enhanced Ca2+-independent efflux. Stimulation of Ca2+-independent efflux was observed with nonradioactive GABA and with GABA analogues which inhibit GABA transport, reflecting exchange of GABA via the high-affinity transport system. Diazepam was found to inhibit GABA transport (non-competitively; I50, 50 μM); effects on the transport system might be related to observations of potentiated GABA action and anti-convulsant effects of this drug.