cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal and External Bacterial Counts from Shells of Eggs Washed in a Commercial-Type Processor at Various Wash-Water Temperatures †.

The effects of two egg holding temperatures (15.5 and 26.7°C) and three wash-water temperatures (15.5, 32.2, and 48.9°C) on internal and external shell surface bacterial counts were tested by using a commercial-type egg-processing unit. Two experiments consisting of five trials, each of which included 360 eggs per treatment for a total of 2,160 per trial, were conducted during two seasons (summer and winter) for a total of 10 replicates per experiment. During the performance of each replicate, counts from tryptic soy agar (TSA) and MacConkey agar (MAC) were obtained from 10 egg samples which were collected prior to processing (prewash), immediately after washing (postwash), and after as-day cooling period at 7.2°C (postcool). No growth was observed on MAC plates in either experiment, indicating that fewer than 100 counts were detected. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the prewash, postwash, or postcool internal shell counts of eggs held at l5.5°C compared to internal counts of shells of eggs held at 26.7°C. Likewise, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the prewash, postwash, or postcool internal shell counts obtained from eggs washed in l5.5°C water compared with internal shell counts obtained from eggs washed in water at 32.2 or 48.9°C. On the basis of our data, spray washing eggs in l5.5°C water does not appear to increase internal shell bacterial counts. Because warm or hot wash water increases egg temperatures markedly, a reexamination of cold-water processing procedures may be in order.
Slave Boson Approach to the One Dimensional t-J Model

The one-dimensional t-J model is studied using functional integral approach. The separation of spin and charge degrees of freedom is treated in the slave boson representation. The density response function is calculated when holes are described by bosons as well as by spinless fermions a la Jordan-Wigner transformation. We show that the long wavelength limit of the t-J model can be mapped onto the Tomonaga-Luttinger model. The forward scattering amplitudes g 2 and g 4 and the electron momentum distribution exponent α are obtained in terms of the t-J model parameters.
Surface composition of pull-apart bands in Argadnel Regio, Europa: Evidence of localized cryovolcanic resurfacing during basin formation

Abstract We combine Galileo Solid State Imager (SSI) and Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data to investigate the composition of pull-apart bands in Europa's Argadnel Regio. Using spectral linear mixture modeling employing cryogenic laboratory reference spectra, we find that bands of intermediate age (“grey” bands) are compositionally distinct from bands that are stratigraphically younger (“dark” bands). The grey bands have higher abundances of larger ice grains and lower abundances of hydrated salts than the dark bands; both of these tendencies are statistically significant at the 1% level. The grey and dark bands have similar abundances of hexahydrite, a material which is relatively stable under irradiation; however, the derived abundances of frozen magnesium sulfate brine and of mirabilite, which are more susceptible to fragmentation by radiation, are significantly higher in the dark bands than in the grey bands. These results are consistent with a physical model in which the differences in composition and in ice grain sizes are linked to space weathering and radiolytic processing levels; the grey bands have presumably undergone higher levels of processing, due to being exposed on Europa's surface for a longer period of time. One prominent wedge-shaped band exhibits an anomalous albedo variation across its northern portion, appearing dark in its top third, and grey in its southernmost two-thirds. We find that the dark part of the band has a modeled composition that is in-family with other dark bands, while the grey portion has a modeled composition that is indistinguishable from other grey bands in the study area. Because these variations cannot easily be attributed to the band's formation mechanism (bands open sequentially along a central axis), we surmise that the northern part has been resurfaced, probably in response to the formation of a large topographic basin that cuts through the band. Faulting accompanying basin formation may provide conduits allowing transport to the surface of materials from Europa's interior. We hypothesize that the formation of the basin resulted in fresh cryovolcanic material being deposited across the northern portion of the band, effectively “resetting” its surface age. If, as has been suggested, the giant arcuate basins resulted from an episode of true polar wander, our study may help to more tightly constrain the age of that event within Europa's geologic column.
My Year(s) as a Mentoring Committee Chair

A case study from the chair position in a traditional program is juxtaposed to a proposal for a nontraditional program. The author uses both experiences to suggest best practices and how they might transfer between mentoring program styles. The Library Leadership and Management Association mentoring program started in 2008 is a successful, traditional style program that offers a framework and best practices that can be used in other types of programs. The American College and Research Library Distance Libraries Section was looking for a member engagement model in 2014. The results of research and a brief (single question) survey are given here, as well as the implications for this research on the future of member engagement.
Subject Matter Expert Evaluation of Multi-Flight Common Route Advisories

Traffic flow management seeks to balance the demand for National Airspace System (NAS) flight resources, such as airspace and airports, with the available supply. When forecasted weather blocks nominal air traffic routes, traffic managers must re-route affected flights for weather avoidance. Depending on the nature and scope of the weather, traffic managers may use pre-coordinated re-routes such as Playbook Routes or Coded Departure Routes, or may design ad hoc local re-routes. The routes of affected flights are modified accordingly. These weather avoidance routes will, of course, be less efficient than the nominal routes due to increased flight time and fuel burn. In current traffic management operations, the transition into a weather avoidance re-routing initiative is typically implemented more aggressively than the transition out of that initiative after the weather has dissipated or moved away. For example, strategic large-scale Playbook re-routes are sometimes left in place (as initially implemented) for many hours before being lifted entirely when the weather dissipates. There is an opportunity to periodically modify the re-routing plan as weather evolves, thereby attenuating its adverse impact on flight time and fuel consumption; this is called delay recovery. Multi-Flight Common Routes (MFCR) is a NASA-developed operational concept and associated decision support tool for delay recovery, designed to assist traffic managers to efficiently update weather avoidance traffic routes after the original re-routes have become stale due to subsequent evolution of the convective weather system. MFCR groups multiple flights to reduce the number of advisories that the traffic manager needs to evaluate, and also merges these flights on a common route segment to provide an orderly flow of re-routed traffic. The advisory is presented to the appropriate traffic manager who evaluates it and has the option to modify it using MFCRs graphical user interface. If the traffic manager finds the advisory to be operationally appropriate, he or she would coordinate with the Area Supervisor(s) of the sectors that currently control the flights in the advisory. When the traffic manager accepts the MFCR advisory via the user interface, the corresponding flight plan amendments would be sent to the displays of the appropriate sector controllers, using the Airborne Re-Routing (ABRR) capability which is scheduled for nationwide operation in 2017. The sector controllers would then offer this time-saving route modification to the pilots of the affected flights via datalink (or voice), and implement the corresponding flight plan amendment if the pilots accept it. MFCR is implemented as an application in the software environment of the Future Air traffic management Concepts Evaluation Tool (FACET). This paper focuses on an initial subject matter expert (SME) evaluation of MFCR. The evaluation covers MFCRs operational concept, algorithm, and user interface.
Virtually Legitimate: Using Disembodied Media to Position Oneself in an Embodied Community

Previous research on capoeira suggests that face-to-face training is the ideal mode of learning this art. However, there is a robust corpus of capoeira tutorials available on YouTube. This paper asks what the function of these videos is. I analyze six comment threads taken from YouTube that exhibit a common pattern, concluding that beyond the video’s utility as a source of information, the comments shared by community insiders serve as an invitation for aspiring students to join the embodied capoeira community, paving the way for their adoption of the underlying ethos of capoeira by socializing them into the ‘anyone can do it if they work hard enough’ discourse that is common in capoeira academies. And while this discourse itself is somewhat deceptive insofar as not everyone can do all of the moves of capoeira – even if they work hard – it is actually the mediating link between technical mastery, which could theoretically be achieved from watching videos, and embodiment of capoeira’s generative grammar, which must be learned in an embodied community setting.
Bryoflora of the Czech Republic

Bryophytes are an intrinsic part of various vegetation types in Central European landscapes. The Czech bryoflora is made up of 866 species (207 liverworts, 655 mosses and 4 hornworts) of which 59 are considered to be extinct or have vanished. The great majority are native species, while only four species are of demonstrably alien origin. Two of the alien mosses are invasive and about ten native species or species earlier reported from neighbouring countries are regarded as expanding. The majority of Czech bryophytes belong to temperate montane elements, with a significant proportion of boreal and suboceanic taxa. Arctic-alpine and boreal taxa are at the highest risk of extinction as they are confined to relict habitats. Probably no species of bryophyte is endemic to the Czech Republic. As in the other industrial countries with intensive agriculture and forestry, a significant proportion of the bryoflora is at risk; nearly a third of the species in this country are evaluated as threatened according to IUCN criteria.
Genetics of Sow Longevity

The objective of this study was to estimate direct and indirect selection potential for length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy. In order to study the direct selection potential, the heritabilities of these traits were estimated. The genetic correlations of length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy with prolificacy traits and overall leg conformation were estimated to evaluate if selection for these traits could indirectly improve measures of sow longevity. In addition, correlations between length of productive life, lifetime prolificacy, daily gain, and backfat thickness were estimated. Records were utilized from Finnish purebred Landrace (n=26,744) and Large White (n=24,007) sows born on operations that perform on-farm production tests on all females. Heritabilities were estimated using both a survival analysis procedure and a linear model. Due to computational limitations, correlations were estimated with the linear model only. Estimated length of productive life heritabilities obtained from linear model analyses were lower (0.05 to 0.10) than those obtained from survival analyses (0.16 to 0.19). This may be indicative of the superiority of survival analysis compared to linear model analysis methods when evaluating longevity or similar types of data. All the prolificacy traits were genetically correlated with length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy and the correlations were greater than 0.13. These results indicate that selection for increased number of piglets weaned in the first litter and for short first farrowing interval is beneficial for sow longevity and also for sow’s lifetime prolificacy. The genetic correlations between length of productive life and leg conformation score were also favorable (0.32 in Landrace and 0.17 in Large White). The heritabilty estimates indicate that survival analysis is likely the most appropriate method of evaluating longevity traits in swine. Because of computational problems, simultaneous analysis of linear traits and longevity is not currently possible. More research is needed to develop methods for multiple linear and survival trait analyses.
The Urethrovesical Anastomosis

Regardless of the approach to a radical prostatectomy, the urethrovesical anastomosis (UVA) remains one of the most critical and technically demanding. An optimal anastomotic closure involves creating a watertight, tension-free anastomosis with mucosal apposition and correct realignment of the bladder and urethra, without compromising the integrity of the external sphincter (Steiner et al., J Urol 145:512–514, 1991). Before the advent of minimal invasive laparoscopic surgery, the UVA was performed with difficulty as a result of suboptimal vision of a retracted urethral stump under the pubic symphysis, in addition to unfavorable ergonomics. This was generally accomplished by placing four to eight interrupted sutures between the bladder neck and urethra, which were subsequently tied after all sutures were positioned (Gillitzer and Thuroff, BJU Int 92:178–184, 2003).
Observations on the neural rhythmicity in the cockroach cardiac ganglion.

The term cardiac ganglion is used here to refer to one of the paired neuroendocrine structures intimately associated with the heart and segmental vessels of the cockroach. It seems appropriate to adopt this new terminology, since the ganglia have been previously referred to in the literature as the lateral heart nerves1*, aortal nerves2, lateral cardiac nerves3, and lateral cardiac nerve cords4. These diffuse ganglia, each containing 15–20 intrinsic neurons5, have an elongate shape.
Protecting SSD Data Against Attacks

When a drive is broken and we have to throw it away, we want to be sure that no hackers can recover the data stored in that disk, especially in the enterprise environment where sensitive date are stored on the drive, such as financial transactions or military applications. As the SSD market is growing, the security issue must be carefully considered. Some methods used with HDDs, such as degaussian, are not applicable to SSDs, due to the different storage technique. Recent studies indicate that encryption is the necessary step to protect data stored in SSD against hackers attacks. This chapter describes the SSD security approach in comparison to HDD, then it walks the reader through the encryption world: how a cryptosystem is built, how a cryptosystem is broken, different encryption applications, and then the AES cryptosystem as it is the most used in SSDs; finally, it addresses the security applications in SSDs.
Stochastic strength and fatigue of fiber bundles

Stochastic models for the failure of single fibers and fiber bundles are considered with a historical perspective. All surviving fibers in the bundle at any time t are assumed to share the load equally. Of particular interest is the tensile strength and time to failure in fatigue of such fibers and bundles. The stochastic model for the failure of single fibers is shown to have realistic features and a very favorable evaluation of the model is carried out using recently reported experimental data. Using asymptotic results for bundles which were recently obtained by the author, bundle failure is compared with single fiber failure. Many behavioral features carry over from fiber to bundle. But bundle lifetime is typically far less under fatigue loadings, though a moderate reduction in bundle load restores the lost lifetime. Most important, the variability in bundle lifetime and strength is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of fibers in the bundle. The results have implications in the design of cable structures.
Sensitive Measurement of Twist in LCD’s

The contrast between on and off states of twisted liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) can exceed 105 under certain circumstances.1 This contrast is far in excess of that usually encountered in LCD’s and an understanding of the controlling parameters has obvious technological significance. It suggests nondisplay applications such as light modulation. Numerous papers have appeared discussing the parameters controlling contrast. This paper is primarily concerned with the significance and measurement of cell twist.
Scheduling elective surgery patients considering time-dependent health urgency: Modeling and solution approaches

Abstract This paper describes an operating room planning problem in which patients have different severity levels when they are diagnosed, and patient health condition deteriorates with the increase of waiting time. In addition, uncertainty in surgery durations is incorporated in this problem. A stochastic mixed integer program is proposed to optimize the assignment of surgeries considering the worst patient health condition among all patients waiting for surgeries and total overtime that exceeds the available time durations allotted for surgeries. This paper presents three solution approaches: the sample average approximation method, a fastest ascent local search, and a tabu search. These three solution approaches are evaluated in the computational study and the results show that the tabu search provides effective solutions within reasonable computation times.
Creativity and Humor Across Cultures: Where Aha Meets Haha

Abstract The current analysis deconstructs creativity and humor from a cultural perspective. We first identify two key commonalities between creativity and humor: Both (a) involve appropriate violations of norms and (b) require cognitive flexibility. Because norms and cognitive styles differ across cultures, we systematically analyze how Eastern and Western cultures differ in both creativity and humor, and how cultural differences in creativity often mirror cultural differences in humor. We then review the burgeoning literature on how cross-cultural experiences increase individuals’ creativity, and explore how these experiences can also increase individuals’ humor comprehension, humor usage, and humor production. Our analysis demonstrates that Aha truly meets Haha across the globe.
"Let Me Tell You About Your Mental Health!": Contextualized Classification of Reddit Posts to DSM-5 for Web-based Intervention

Social media platforms are increasingly being used to share and seek advice on mental health issues. In particular, Reddit users freely discuss such issues on various subreddits, whose structure and content can be leveraged to formally interpret and relate subreddits and their posts in terms of mental health diagnostic categories. There is prior research on the extraction of mental health-related information, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments from social media; however, our approach can additionally provide actionable information to clinicians about the mental health of a patient in diagnostic terms for web-based intervention. Specifically, we provide a detailed analysis of the nature of subreddit content from domain expert's perspective and introduce a novel approach to map each subreddit to the best matching DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th Edition) category using multi-class classifier. Our classification algorithm analyzes all the posts of a subreddit by adapting topic modeling and word-embedding techniques, and utilizing curated medical knowledge bases to quantify relationship to DSM-5 categories. Our semantic encoding-decoding optimization approach reduces the false-alarm-rate from 30% to 2.5% over a comparable heuristic baseline, and our mapping results have been verified by domain experts achieving a kappa score of 0.84.
Real-Time Ultra-Wideband Channel Sounder Design for 3–18 GHz

This paper presents the system design, calibration, and example measurements of a novel ultra-wideband, low-cost, real-time channel sounder. The channel sounder operates in the frequency range from 3 to 18 GHz with a 15-GHz bandwidth thus providing a Fourier delay resolution of 66.7 ps. It sequentially measures overlapping sub-bands of 1-GHz bandwidth to cover the whole frequency range. By using a waveform generator and a digitizer with relatively lower sample rates, the design significantly lowers the cost compared with sampling the whole band simultaneously. With the transmitting power of 40 dBm, the maximum measurable path loss is 132 dB without accounting for possible antenna gains. In this paper, we also describe the calibration procedure along with the method to stitch sub-bands into a combined channel response across 15 GHz of bandwidth. The channel sounder performance is compared with a vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements acquired in the same static channels. In contrast to VNAs, however, our channel sounder can measure the whole band in 6 ms and can, thus, operate in dynamic environments with coherence time more than 6 ms. Additionally, we present sample results from a measurement campaign performed in an indoor corridor investigating the delay spreads statistics over the range of 3–18 GHz.
Urologist Practice Structure and Spending for Prostate Cancer Care.

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of urologist practice structure on health care spending for men with prostate cancer. We hypothesize that 3 elements of urologist practice structure may influence spending for prostate cancer care: urologist participation within a multispecialty group (MSG), practice size among single specialty urology groups, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) ownership. Materials and Methods We used a 20% sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries to identify men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2011 and 2014. We identified each man's urologist and used data from the Healthcare Relational Spheres provider files to identify practice type, size, and IMRT ownership for each urologist. We then fit generalized linear mixed models to estimate the association between these practice features and Medicare payments in the year after diagnosis. All models were adjusted for patient and healthcare market characteristics. Results We identified 35,929 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who were treated by 6381 urologists. Medicare payments for men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were significantly lower in MSGs ($19,181 v. $22,366 large single specialty group, P Conclusion Urologist practice structure is associated with payments for prostate cancer care. MSGs had the lowest Medicare payments per episode of prostate cancer care while groups with IMRT ownership had the highest.
A chemoprobe tracks its target.

Small-molecule inhibitors of histone-modifying enzymes have significant clinical utility for managing diseases such as cancer. These inhibitors are usually identified and monitored through their effects on the gain or loss of specific histone marks. In cells, multiple related enzymes can place or remove a specific mark; therefore, relying on an indirect measure of inhibitor engagement can be misleading. Mascaro et al. describe a luminescence-based ELISA approach that directly monitors binding of inhibitors to the histone lysine demethylase KDM1A.
Potential Markers of Sacubitril-Valsartan Tolerance

Introduction Sacubitril-Valsartan (S-V), or Entresto, is a combined angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor used to treat chronic heart failure. Some patients have shown remarkable improvements while on the drug and others were unable to tolerate the drug. Our objective was to determine markers of tolerance to S-V in heart failure patients outside the clinical trial setting. Methods and Results This retrospective study analyzed data collected at baseline and within a year after initiation of treatment at our referral-based, academic medical practice. Exclusion criteria were patients who discontinued S-V therapy due to inability to pay and patients with a prior history of angioedema. Eighty patients (63 ± 12 years; 69% men; 69% white) were included. Of these subjects, 45 were ultimately intolerant vs. 35 tolerant. Seven intolerant patients (16%) were deceased at the time of screening, and none of the tolerant patients were deceased. The majority of intolerant patients (58%, n=26) discontinued treatment within the first 30 days and nearly a quarter (24%) stopped treatment within 7 days. Tolerant and intolerant populations had comparable risk factors and baseline values. At one week after initiation of therapy, intolerant patients had lower systolic blood pressure (p=0.010) compared with ultimately tolerant patients (Figure). Though intolerant patients had a lower creatinine (p=0.020) at one week after initiation of S-V, they experienced a significant increase soon afterward. Of the tolerant patients, 6% (n=2) had their dose reduced and 54% (n=19) were successfully up-titrated from the starting dose. Conclusions Significant decreases in systolic blood pressure at week 1 seem to identify individuals who may experience a sharp early worsening of renal function and will not ultimately tolerate S-V. Patients’ blood pressure and renal function should be closely observed during the first few weeks after initiation of treatment. Additional studies with larger samples are needed to validate these findings.
Mixed-Trust Computing for Real-Time Systems

Verifying complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is increasingly important given the push to deploy safety-critical autonomous features. Unfortunately, traditional verification methods do not scale to the complexity of these systems and do not provide systematic methods to protect verified properties when not all the components can be verified. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a real-time mixed-trust computing framework that combines verification and protection. The framework introduces a new task model, where an application task can have both an untrusted and a trusted part. The untrusted part allows complex computations supported by a full OS with a realtime scheduler running in a VM hosted by a trusted hypervisor. The trusted part is executed by another scheduler within the hypervisor and is thus protected from the untrusted part. If the untrusted part fails to finish by a specific time, the trusted part is activated to preserve safety (e.g., prevent a crash) including its timing guarantees. This framework is the first allowing the use of untrusted components for CPS critical functions while preserving logical and timing guarantees, even in the presence of malicious attackers. We present the framework design and implementation along with the schedulability analysis and the coordination protocol between the trusted and untrusted parts. We also present our Raspberry Pi 3 implementation along with experiments showing the behavior of the system under failures of untrusted components, and a drone application to demonstrate its practicality.
Composite Health Plan Quality Scales

This study employs exploratory factor analysis and scale construction methods with commercial Health Plan Employers Data Information Set (HEDIS®) process of care and outcome measures from 1999 to uncover evidence for a unidimensional composite health maintenance organization (HMO) quality scale. Summated scales by categories of care are created and are then used in a factor analysis that has a single factor solution. The category of care scales were used to construct a summated composite scale which exhibits strong evidence of internal consistency (alpha= 0.90). External validity of the composite quality scale was checked by regressing the composite scale on Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) survey results for 1999.
ROLE OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN STROKE PREVENTION AMONG HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITHOUT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS

The role of anticoagulation therapy among heart failure (HF) patients without atrial fibrillation (AF) has been controversial, including in stroke prevention. Hence we performed a network meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) studying the role of various anticoagulant medications in
Rapid De-Escalation and Triaging Patients in Community-Based Palliative Care.

Abstract Context The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a rapid and unprecedented shift in our medical system. Medical providers, teams, and organizations have needed to shift their visits away from face-to-face visits and toward telehealth (both by phone and through video). Palliative care teams who practice in the community setting are faced with a difficult task: How do we actively triage the most urgent visits while keeping our vulnerable patients safe from the pandemic? Measures The following are recommendations created by the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palliative Care and Support Services team to help triage and coordinate for timely, safe, and effective palliative care in the community and outpatient setting during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Patients are initially triaged based on location followed by acuity. Interdisciplinary care is implemented using strict infection control guidelines in the setting of limited personal protective equipment resources. We implement thorough screening for COVID-19 symptoms at multiple levels before a patient is seen by a designated provider. Conclusions/Lessons Learned We recommend active triaging, communication, and frequent screening for COVID-19 symptoms for palliative care patients been evaluated in the community setting. An understanding of infection risk, mutual consent between designated providers, patients, and their families are crucial to maintaining safety while delivering community-based palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Structural Factors That Affect Life Contexts of Pregnant People With Opioid Use Disorders: The Role of Structural Racism and the Need for Structural Competency

This article is a commentary on Preis et al.’s (2020) article “Improving Assessment, Treatment, and Understanding of Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorder: The Importance of Life Context.” Here I...
Characterization and prevalence of obesity among normal weight college students

Normal weight obesity (NWO) describes individuals who have a normal weight body mass index (BMI), but have an unhealthy amount of body fat. Based on the life-long habits that develop during college, exploring NWO among a college-aged population may be essential in identifying and preventing obesity that develops in early adulthood. This study aimed to characterize NWO among young adults with normal weight BMI. 94 college students (Mean ± SD: Age: 19.6 ± 1.5 yrs; BMI: 21.9 ± 1.8 kg/m2) enrolled during the Fall semester (Aug-Oct) were assessed for body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass and trunk fat; lifestyle habits were characterized from validated questionnaires. Mean arterial pressure and metabolic biomarkers [total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, non-high density lipoproteins, and glucose] were evaluated for cardiometabolic health. NWO was defined using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for body fat percentage. Data was analyzed by group (NWO vs NWL) and sex. with independent t-tests to investigate continuous data, and chi-square test of independence for categorical data. Rates of NWO for the total sample were 13.8%. Males (n=30) had a higher rate of NWO (26.7%) compared to females (n=64; 7.8%). NWO individuals had higher fat mass (p=0.024), trunk fat (p<0.001), and larger waist to hip ratio (p<0.001) than normal weight lean. NWO also engaged in less vigorous physical activity (p=0.043). The occurrence of NWO among otherwise healthy college students is evident. Identification of these individuals may be an effective component for obesity prevention and treatment. Determining feasible methods to measure body fat in this population is essential, as BMI may mask obesity in a young adult population.
The Remedial Authority of Hearing and Review Officers under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: An Update

INTRODUCTION 2 I. H/RO AUTHORITY TO ISSUE DECLARATORY RELIEF 9 II. H/RO AUTHORITY TO ISSUE INJUNCTIVE RELIEF 12 A. Ordering Evaluations 14 B. Overriding Refusal of Parental Consent for Services ....... 15 C. Ordering IEP Revisions 16 D. Ordering a Particular Student Placement 18 E. Awarding Tuition Reimbursement 18 F. Awarding Compensatory Education 21 G. Changing Student Grades or Records 25 H. Ordering a Student’s Promotion or Graduation 27 I. Ordering Training of District Personnel 28 J. Ordering Districts to Hire Consultants 30 K. Issuing Enforcement Orders 33 L. Issuing Disciplinary Sanctions 36 M. Issuing Other Injunctive Relief 38 III. OTHER RELIEF 40 A. Awarding Attorneys’ Fees 40 B. Awarding Money Damages 42 C. Making Strong Recommendations for District Action ..... 42 CONCLUSION 43
The effect of physical activity on the association between perceived racial discrimination and depression in African Americans.

Abstract Background : The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and major depressive disorder (MDD) in African Americans. Methods : 645 African Americans (mean age 45 years) were interviewed on their perceived racial discrimination, PA, and past 12-month MDD. Participants were categorized into tertiles (lower, middle, upper) of racial discrimination as well as “active” or “inactive” groups based on the US PA guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for MDD prevalence across discrimination tertiles stratified by PA group after adjusting for potential confounders. Results : The upper (higher) discrimination group had 2.99 (95% CIs 1.03-8.67) increased odds of MDD compared with the lower group after adjusting for potential confounders. The stratified analysis indicated that the increased odds of MDD in the upper discrimination group were observed only among the inactive group (5.19 [1.08-24.87]) after adjusting for age and sex. The association between discrimination and MDD was not significant among active participants. Limitations : Limitations include generalizability since participants were predominantly women and recruited solely from Iowa or Georgia; the low number of MDD cases in some groups; and that causation cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study. Conclusion : Not meeting the PA guidelines may be associated with higher depression among African Americans experiencing higher levels of perceived racial discrimination.
Short recipient warm ischemia time improves outcomes in deceased donor liver transplantation

While adverse effects of prolonged recipient warm ischemia time (rWIT) in liver transplantation (LT) have been well investigated, few studies have focused on possible positive prognostic effects of short rWIT. We aim to investigate if shortening rWIT can further improve outcomes in donation after brain death liver transplant (DBD-LT). Primary DBD-LT between 2000 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided according to rWIT (≤30, 31-40, 41-50, and >50 min). The requirement of intraoperative transfusion, early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and graft survival were compared between the rWIT groups. A total of 1,256 patients of DBD-LTs were eligible. rWIT was ≤30min in 203 patients (15.7%), 31-40min in 465 patients (37.3%), 41-50min in 353 patients (28.1%), and >50min in 240 patients (19.1%). There were significant increasing trends of transfusion requirement (P < 0.001) and increased estimated blood loss (EBL, P < 0.001), and higher lactate level (P < 0.001) with prolongation of rWIT. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated the lowest risk of EAD in the WIT ≤30min group. After risk adjustment, patients with rWIT ≤30 min showed a significantly lower risk of graft loss at 1 and 5-years, compared to other groups. The positive prognostic impact of rWIT ≤30min was more prominent when cold ischemia time exceeded 6 h. In conclusion, shorter rWIT in DBD-LT provided significantly better post-transplant outcomes.
Tunable Multistage Matching Network for Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System

This paper presents a tunable multistage matching network (TMMN) for compensating variations in large air-gap capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT). The proposed multistage matching network is employed with a variable capacitor, whose capacitance value is suitably modified to compensate for misalignments and distance variations between couplers. This capacitor is connected at an intermediate port of the multistage matching network, allowing it to be realized using devices rated for a much lower voltage than the coupler voltage, which is rated at kilo-volt level for large air gap capacitive WPT system. A systematic methodology to design the proposed TMMN which maximizes its compensation range while maintaining low losses is also introduced. A 27.12-MHz prototype is designed, built and tested to validate the concept and design methodology.
OPELRUL: OPtimally Weighted Ensemble Learner for Remaining Useful Life Prediction

Smart manufacturing utilizes a smart maintenance approach, constantly observing system data to estimate machine failure. This smart maintenance, also known as predictive maintenance (PDM), estimates time-to-failure of a machine in order to enable advanced maintenance decisions which bring many advantages such as better inventory management and maximization of equipment lifetime. Predicting remaining useful life (RUL) is crucial to achieving an effective PDM system. Among various RUL prediction approaches, data-driven methods are more appealing due to their easier and quicker implementation. We observe that the performance of data-driven methods varies drastically based on the data set and underlying system parameters, thus making it difficult to have a single algorithm and a parameter set that work best for all settings. Our work proposes an optimally weighted ensemble learner for RUL prediction. We first pre-process input data using Kalman filter, then implement five state-of-the-art deep learning models. We formulate a mathematical optimization problem which determines optimal weights for the selected deep learning models. Our ensemble learner increases the prediction performance by up to 23.4% compared to best single prediction method, and up to 12.1% against the best ensemble method.
Infrared technology: what is on the horizon?

The warfighter’s effectiveness in current and future combat missions can be severely limited by a lack of adequate situational awareness (SA). Better target discrimination, better view of the operational scene with larger fields of regard and longer standoff distances are some of the important criteria. SA also strongly depends on the information, signal and data processing that can provide visual and analytics at the edge. This presentation will highlight current and future challenges as well as discuss a path forward to leverage the AI/ML and other imaging technologies. In addition, highlights of the new innovation platform will be presented.
Improved Surface Preparation For Spreading Resistance Measurements on p -type Silicon

The interpretation and the precision of spreading resistance measurements have been seen to be strongly dependent on specimen surface preparation. A bakeout at 150°C for 15 min. following specimen surface preparation withany aqueous polishing solution is considered here. It is shown both to improve the precision of the basic calibration curve for spreading resistance measurements and to significantly improve the correlation between resistivity values derived from spreading resistance measurements on a variety of specimens, and resistivity values derived from other measurement techniques. No bakeout appears to be necessary if specimen surface preparation is done with a non-aqueous polishing process.
Mechanisms of β-carotene transfer from placenta to embryo in mammals (LB406)

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for mammalian embryonic development. The most abundant precursor of vitamin A in the human diet is β-carotene (BC). The enzyme β-carotene 15-15’-monooxygenase (CM...
Effects of prostaglandins, theophylline, and cholera exotoxin upon transmucosal water and electrolyte movement in the canine jejunum.

A canine model was utilized to study and compare the effects of prostaglandins E1, A1, and F2α, theophylline, and cholera exotoxin upon net absorption or secretion of water and electrolytes from the jejunum. Superior mesenteric artery infusions of prostaglandins E1, A1, and F2α, and of theophylline each induced net secretion of water and electrolytes from the jejunum. Prostaglandin infusion into the jejunal lumen had a lesser effect upon net fluid movement than did prostaglandin infusion into the superior mesenteric artery at the same rates. Mucosal application of cholera exotoxin induced net secretion rates which exceeded the maximum net secretory rates induced by prostaglandin infusions. When theophylline and prostaglandin F2α were simultaneously infused into the superior mesenteric artery at low rates, significant synergism in the effect of these two agents on fluid movement was observed. There was a significant correlation between the magnitude of effect of intra-arterial prostaglandin and of intraluminal cholera exotoxin when determined in the same dog. The possible mechanisms by which these agents alter jejunal fluid movement are discussed and the possibility that they may act upon a single secretory mechanism is considered.
Mechanism for Regulating the Distribution of Glucose Carbon Between the Embden-Meyerhof and Hexose-Monophosphate Pathways in Streptococcus faecalis

Glucose-adapted Streptococcus faecalis produced little if any 14CO2 from glucose-1-14C, although high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) were detected in cell-free extracts. Metabolism of glucose through the oxidative portion of the hexose-monophosphate pathway was shown to be regulated in this organism by the specific inhibitory interaction of the Embden-Meyerhof intermediate, fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP), with 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was unaffected by FDP. The S. faecalis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was partially purified from crude extracts by standard fractionation procedures and certain kinetic parameters of the FDP-mediated inhibition were investigated. The negative effector was shown to cause a decrease in Vmax and an increase in the apparent Km for both 6-phosphogluconate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). These effects were apparently a consequence of the ligand interacting with the enzyme at a site distinct from either the substrate or the coenzyme sites. Among the evidence supporting this was the fact that β-mercaptoethanol blocked completely FDP inhibition, but had no effect on catalytic activity. The possibility that the regulation of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity by FDP might be of some general significance was suggested by the observation that this enzyme from several other sources was also sensitive to FDP.
Test Methods for FRP-Concrete Systems Subjected to Mechanical Loads: State of the Art Review

This report addresses the methodology for determining the long-term behavior of bridge structures reinforced with fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) rods. In particular, a review of the existing literature on what has been done and what needs to be done for the development of accelerated test methods, with emphasis on mechanical loads, is presented. The focus of the report is on new, bonded FRP reinforcement for concrete bridge structures. Companion reports address stand-alone FRP systems subjected to mechanical loads, and stand-alone FRP and FRP-concrete systems subjected to environmental loads. 98 refs.
Observation of ‘third sound’ in superfluid 3 He

Waves on the surface of a fluid provide a powerful tool for studying the fluid itself and the surrounding physical environment. For example, the wave speed is determined by the force per unit mass at the surface, and by the depth of the fluid1: the decreasing speed of ocean waves as they approach the shore reveals the changing depth of the sea and the strength of gravity. Other examples include propagating waves in neutron-star oceans2 and on the surface of levitating liquid drops3. Although gravity is a common restoring force, others exist, including the electrostatic force which causes a thin liquid film to adhere to a solid. Usually surface waves cannot occur on such thin films because viscosity inhibits their motion. However, in the special case of thin films of superfluid 4He, surface waves do exist and are called ‘third sound’. Here we report the detection of similar surface waves in thin films of superfluid 3He. We describe studies of the speed of these waves, the properties of the surface force, and the film's superfluid density.
The Equilibrium Approach to Causticisation for Optimising Liquor Causticisity

The causticisation reaction using lime to convert sodium carbonate to sodium hydroxide, with the formation of calcium carbonate, has a thermodynamic equilibrium that depends upon liquor composition. The causticisation reaction has been studied from both a theoretical and practical standpoint. The reaction involves an intermediate that is formed almost instantaneously with the approximate composition 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 .CaCO 3 .11H 2 O (commonly called monocarbonate or hydrocalumite). The kinetics of decomposition of the monocarbonate species to either calcium carbonate or tricalcium aluminate were studied. The equilibrium data have been used in carbonate balance models to help optimise causticisation in Alcoa World Alumina Refineries. Opportunities to increase plant causticity were identified, especially for Western Australian Refineries, where the majority of the carbonate added to the liquor circuit is in the bauxite and the causticity of the liquor is relatively low. This basic understanding indicated the potential use of the monocarbonate to achieve higher than equilibrium ratios and ways to achieve higher lime efficiencies.