cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making global learning universal: promoting inclusion and success for all students

When we talk about global learning, the first thing that often comes to mind is semester- or year-long study abroad programmes that facilitate students’ enrolment overseas to complement their educa...
Phenylpropionc acid produced by gut microbiota alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

ABSTRACT Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes hepatic injury. To investigate potential roles of gut microbiota in APAP-induced liver injury, C57BL/6 mice from Jackson (JAX) or Taconic (TAC) were challenged with APAP. TAC mice were more susceptible to APAP toxicity, and this disappeared upon co-housing of JAX and TAC mice. When the cecum contents from JAX and TAC mice were transplanted into germ-free mice, the mice that received JAX gut microbiota exhibited less toxicity after APAP administration. Unbiased metabolomic analysis using portal vein serum and liver tissue of the mice led to identification of 19 metabolites whose levels differ between JAX and TAC mice as well as between mice transplanted with JAX or TAC gut microbiota, and this includes gut bacteria-derived metabolite phenylpropionic acid (PPA). PPA levels in cecum and portal vein were higher in mice harboring JAX gut microbiota. PPA supplementation in drinking water led to decreased APAP toxicity in TAC mice. This illustrates a gut microbe-liver interaction mediated by a gut bacteria-derived metabolite in modulating drug-induced liver injury.
The Spectrum of Reactive Cholangiocytes in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Cholangiocytes are the target of a group of chronic liver diseases termed the "cholangiopathies," in which cholangiocytes react to exogenous and endogenous insults, leading to disease initiation and progression. In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the focus of this review, the cholangiocyte response to genetic or environmental insults can lead to a heterogeneous response; that is, a subpopulation acquires a ductular reactive and proliferative phenotype, while another subpopulation undergoes senescence and growth arrest. Both ductular reactive cholangiocytes and senescent cholangiocytes can modify the periductal microenvironment through their ability to secrete various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, initiating and perpetuating inflammatory and profibrotic responses. This review discusses the similarities and differences, the interrelationships, and the potential pathogenic roles of these reactive proliferative and senescent cholangiocyte subpopulations in PSC.
Nanoscale Carbon Allotropes

Nanoscale carbon has been a major cornerstone in the extremely broad and active research filed of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Among carbon allotropes, fullerenes have often been considered as representing zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, despite the fact that they are stoichiometrically defined molecules of distinct electronic structures, different in some fundamental aspects from the carbon nanomaterials in other dimensions. Unlike fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets are nanomaterials with the inevitable presence of defects, among other structural features and related properties similar to those found in small carbon nanoparticles. Thus, the nanoparticles should more logically be considered as carbon nanomaterials at the zero-dimension. Various comparisons of the small carbon nanoparticles with fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanosheets are highlighted, especially on their optical properties and redox characteristics. The similarities and differences in electronic transitions and their associated various applications between the zero-, one-, and two-dimensional carbon allotropes are discussed.
19 – Electromagnetic Interference

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the threat posed by intentional and unintentional electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the integrity of health care organizations. EMI has the ability to degrade or totally disrupt the health care delivery. EMI can be natural (static electricity or lightning) or man-made. Intentional EMI (IEMI) is facilitated by the proliferation of the technological advances that have produced high-energy radiofrequency (RF) sources and more efficient antennas. The classic IEMI paradigm is the result of the high-altitude detonation of a nuclear weapon. EMI can be reduced or eliminated in all but the most severe cases through proper design and mitigation techniques. A thorough vulnerability analysis of existing equipment, especially high-value items, will result in a number of effective strategies for mitigating the effects of EMI. It is imperative that biomedical engineers understand the problem and institute robust mitigation programs to ensure the ability to survive in such a crisis.
Biological Evaluation of Native Streptococcal Competence Stimulating Peptides Reveal Potential Crosstalk Between Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae and a New Scaffold for the Development of S. pneumoniae Quorum Sensing Modulators.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, an opportunistic human pathogen, acquires genes from its neighboring species of the mitis group of streptococci, which confer antibiotic resistances and allow it to produce diverse virulence factors. Most species of the mitis group are naturally competent, and they utilize the competence stimulating peptide (CSP) and the CSP-dependent competence regulon, a conserved quorum sensing (QS) circuit, to regulate their competence behavior. The dependence of the mitis group on this communication pathway makes QS a potential target to control their behavior. In this work, we sought to evaluate the impact of the native pheromones of the adjacent species of S. pneumoniae to modulate the activity of the S. pneumoniae competence regulon. Our results revealed the potential role of S. mitis as a modulator of QS in S. pneumoniae. Most importantly, our analysis also revealed that by using the native pheromone of S. mitis as a template, highly potent pan-group agonists and antagonists of the pneumococcal competence regulon could be developed. The newly developed QS modulators may have therapeutic utility in treating pneumococcal infections.
Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability Across the Clinical and Biomarker Spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background Elevated blood pressure is linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker abnormality. However, blood pressure levels vary over time. Less is known about the role of long-term blood pressure variability in cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology. Objective Determine whether long-term blood pressure variability is elevated across the clinical and biomarker spectrum of AD. Methods Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, AD [n = 1,421]) underwent baseline exam, including blood pressure measurement at 0, 6, and 12 months. A subset (n = 318) underwent baseline lumbar puncture to determine cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau levels. Clinical groups and biomarker-confirmed AD groups were compared on blood pressure variability over 12 months. Results Systolic blood pressure variability was elevated in clinically diagnosed AD dementia (VIM: F2,1195 = 6.657, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.01) compared to cognitively normal participants (p = 0.001), and in mild cognitive impairment relative to cognitively normal participants (p = 0.01). Findings were maintained in biomarker-confirmed AD (VIM: F2,850 = 5.216, p = 0.006, η2 = 0.01), such that systolic blood pressure variability was elevated in biomarker-confirmed dementia due to AD relative to cognitively normal participants (p = 0.005) and in biomarker-confirmed mild cognitive impairment due to AD compared to cognitively normal participants (p = 0.04). Conclusion Long-term systolic blood pressure variability is elevated in cognitive impairment due to AD. Blood pressure variability may represent an understudied aspect of vascular dysfunction in AD with potential clinical implications.
Publishing and Parenting in Academic Science: A Study of Different National Contexts:

In the first cross-national, mixed-methods study on gender, family, and science, the authors examined the relationship between research productivity and family life for male and female physicists a...
Magneto-Endosomalytic Therapy for Cancer

A remarkably simple yet effective mode of cancer treatment is reported by repurposing clinically approved magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Intracellular nanoparticle self-assembly directed by static parallel magnetic fields leads to cell death in targeted tissues while leaving other cells and organs intact. This simple concept opens a new avenue to treat cancer, capitalizing on nanosciences and the nanoparticle (NP) design principles accumulated in the past decades.
Identification of Lead-Acid Battery Parameters by Kalman Filter Using Various Battery Models

The conventional methods applied to identify the battery’s parameters consist in estimating the state of charge (SOC), based on an electrical or empirical models developed with fixed parameters, to establish an appropriate command to charge or to discharge the battery. These methods are adapted for uncritical basic system (cellular phone, battery of cars with an internal combustion) which the battery can be changed easily without any mission or cost impacts. Whoever the methods are inefficient in some fields like spacecraft, stand-alone photovoltaic system (PV), electric (EV) and hybrid Vehicle (HEV) which depends, totally or in majority, of the stored electric energy. Trying to increase the effectiveness, we use a new approach of identification that combined the conventional methods with adaptive and dynamic techniques. This approach is already used in other domains and proved their efficiency with a remarkable robustness. From the estimation methods, the Kalman filter (KF) is chosen because of its reputation as an optimal estimator in the field of tracking parameters. This work illustrates new approach to identify Lead Acid (LA) Battery parameters using KF estimator, followed by a simulation to validate the algorithms, also we use an experimental PV system developed in our laboratory to approve the results
Energy theft in the advanced metering infrastructure

Global energy generation and delivery systems are transitioning to a new computerized "smart grid". One of the principle components of the smart grid is an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI replaces the analog meters with computerized systems that report usage over digital communication interfaces, e.g., phone lines. However, with this infrastructure comes new risk. In this paper, we consider adversary means of defrauding the electrical grid by manipulating AMI systems. We document the methods adversaries will use to attempt to manipulate energy usage data, and validate the viability of these attacks by performing penetration testing on commodity devices. Through these activities, we demonstrate that not only is theft still possible in AMI systems, but that current AMI devices introduce a myriad of new vectors for achieving it.
Sorption pumping of residual gases at cryogenic temperatures.

Since the inception of space vacuum simulation, there has been a need to create, at least in a small test volume, the pressure existent in space, 10-12 to 10-16 torr. Although this level of vacuum has been achieved in research-type facilities, requiring extreme care and expense, the conduct of a test in such a system has not become a routine matter. Reserve pumping capacity must be provided at ultrahigh vacuum to handle the out-gassing load of the test article and, hence, to maintain the vacuum level. Cryogenic pumping, which provides large pumping surfaces and high pumping speeds for the condensable gases, has proven to be a successful technique for the evacuation of test chambers. It is generally recognized that a vacuum greater than 10-14 torr can be created in a leak-free vessel having its interior surfaces maintained at 2.5°K. However, the operation and maintenance of surfaces at liquid helium temperatures and lower present many complex engineering problems. Further, a cryogenic surface is able to pump only those gases with a partial pressure in the test chamber greater than the vapor pressure of the gas at the cryosurface temperature. For example, at 10-11 torr, surface temperatures below 3°K are necessary to pump hydrogen.
Electronic Mechanisms in Solid-State Photolysis

When some crystalline solids are photolytically decomposed several of the effects which occur indicate that electrons, holes, or excitons are involved in the reaction. In addition the kinetics of many of these reactions appear to be approximately, but not precisely, second order. The nature of these effects suggests that the photolytic reactions are essentially electronic and that they occur at certain crystal sites or defects when these become doubly excited. The results obtained when NaBrO3 is photolytically decomposed, particularly the dependence of the equilibrium rate on light intensity, suggest that the doubly excited sites may also generate additional sites. Furthermore, the data indicates that some decomposition sites may be generated from precursors that are expended during the photolytic reaction. Using these concepts a phenomenological theory has been developed which is consistent with current results. In particular it indicates that the photolytic rate vs. time curves should be resolvable into one constant and two exponential components. It also predicts, in agreement with the data, that the exponential component attributable to the sites generated from precursors should be reduced— even to the point of disappearing—when the material is subjected to ionizing radiation prior to photolysis.
Declining Executive Control in Normal Aging Predicts Change in Functional Status: The Freedom House Study

Objectives: To assess the contribution of executive control function (ECF) to functional status. Design: Three-year longitudinal cohort study. Setting: A comprehensive-care retirement community. Participants: Five hundred forty-seven noninstitutionalized septuagenarians. Measurements: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Executive Interview (EXIT25). Functional status was assessed using instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Latent growth curves of MMSE, EXIT25, and IADL were modeled. The rate of change in IADLs (ΔIADL), adjusted for baseline IADLs and cognition, was regressed on the rate of change in each cognitive measure (adjusted for baseline cognition). Models were also adjusted for baseline age, level of care, and comorbid illnesses. Results: Baseline test scores were within normal ranges, but mean EXIT25 scores reached the impaired range by the second follow-up. There was significant variability around the baseline means and slopes for all variables. The rate of change in EXIT25 was strongly correlated with ΔIADL (r=−0.57, P<.001). This remained significant after adjusting for baseline EXIT25 scores, IADLs, age, comorbid disease, and level of care. The effect of the EXIT25 on ΔIADL was stronger than those of age, baseline IADLs, comorbid disease, or level of care. The rate of change in MMSE scores was not significantly associated with ΔIADL. Conclusion: ECF is a significant and independent correlate of functional status in normal aging. Traditional dementia case finding is likely to underestimate cognition-related disability. Neither a normal baseline MMSE score nor stable MMSE scores over time preclude functionally significant changes in ECF.
High Performance Computing using Reconfigurable Hardware

Recently, several state of the art high end platforms have incorporated FPGAs for application acceleration. This talk explores optimizations for accelerating linear algebra computations on such systems. We develop algorithmic optimizations for such systems and demonstrate the suitability of FPGAs for floating point intensive computations. We discuss the design of a BLAS library for such systems and develop a highly optimized reduction circuit for such architectures. Using the reduction circuit, we demonstrate superior performance for sparse matrix computations. The performance of FPGAs is also compared against those of state-of-the-art embedded processors, general purpose processors, and DSPs for floating point intensive applications.
The TAMU security package: an ongoing response to internet intruders in an academic environment

Texas AM "tiger," a set of easy to use yet thorough machine checking programs; and "netlog," a set of intrusion detection network monitoring programs.
A generalization of Snaith-type filtration

In this paper we describe the Goodwillie tower of the stable homotopy of a space of maps from a finite-dimensional complex to a highly enough connected space. One way to view it is as a partial generalization of some wellknown results on stable splittings of mapping spaces in terms of configuration spaces. 0. INTRODUCTION It has been known for a while (see [1] for a survey article and a list of references) that given a parallelizable, compact m-dimensional manifold M with a nonempty boundary, and given a connected, pointed space Z, there is a configuration space model for the space of unbased maps Map(M, SmZ), which stably splits. More precisely, there is a weak equivalence: (0.1) Q? E' (Map(M, SmZ)) 1 QJJ E' ((C(M, OM; n) AEn ZAn)), n>1 where C(M, OM; n) stands for the space of n-tuples of distinct points in M, where all n-tuples whose intersection with OM is not empty have been identified to a point. There is an analogous splitting for the space of based maps. A closely related result is the stable splitting of spaces of the form QmEmX. This later splitting is sometimes refered to as the Snaith splitting (at least in the case m =oo), and we refer to (0.1) as Snaith-type splitting. It is, therefore, natural to ask if for a based space K, that is not a manifold, but, say, a finite CW-complex, anything can be said about the functor X F-+ QMap*(K, X) (where Map*(K, X) stands for the space of based maps from K to X). One does not expect this functor to split, in general, but it is still reasonable to try to approximate it by more elementary functors in a way that would give the splitting above in the case when K = M and X = SmZ. It turns out that this question (in fact a generalization of it) can be answered positively within the framework of the theory referred to as calculus of functors, which had been developed by T. Goodwillie in [4], [5], [6]. Since [6] has not been published yet, we present a brief outline of the theory of "Taylor towers" in the appendix. In what follows we will freely use notation from there. Consider again the identity (0.1). Observe that the factors Q (C(M, OM; n) AEn ZAn) Received by the editors July 21, 1994 and, in revised form, February 4, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 55P99. (?)1999 American Mathematical Society 1123 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.235 on Fri, 07 Oct 2016 05:53:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Chilldown and Storage Losses of Large Liquid Hydrogen Storage Dewars

In the design and operation of large-scale cryogenic facilities, one frequently must rely on large extrapolations from much smaller-scale operations. In order to avoid continued use of assumptions which deviate even further from reality as sizes increase, it would appear advantageous to attempt to establish the degree of validity of such assumptions.
A note on the effect of stabilized retinal image on active visual memory in attentionally handicapped subjects

Abstract Additional support is presented on the effects of stabilized retinal image on visual memory for randomly constructed visual patterns in attentional handicaps.
The effects of acute and developmental temperature on burst swimming speed and myofibrillar ATPase activity in tadpoles of the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla.

Abstract The effects of acute and developmental temperature on maximum burst swimming speed, body size, and myofibrillar ATPase activity were assessed in tadpoles of the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Tadpoles from field‐collected egg masses were reared in the laboratory at 15° (cool) and 25°C (warm). Body size, maximum burst swimming speed from 5° to 35°C, and tail myofibrillar ATPase activity at 15° and 25°C were measured at a single developmental stage. Burst speed of both groups of tadpoles was strongly affected by test temperature ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} ...
Tapping the Power of Student Voice through Whole Language Practices.

This paper takes up the issue of student voice as part of a larger political and pedagogical project to create spaces in our schools for students' social, cultural, and individual identities, including their learning identities; that is, that all of the students in our nation's classrooms find that people who “look like them” are welcome (Dei et al., 2000). The article begins by presenting a brief rationale for valuing students' voices in classrooms. The authors then argue that what Bartolome (1994) calls the “methods fetish” that increasingly dominates urban classrooms—and special education—is the principal means by which the voices of many students are silenced. Finally, the authors draw on a number of examples of classroom practice to illustrate the power of whole language practices to tap the political and pedagogical power of students' voices.
Bipartite networks to study the genotype-to-phenotype relationship in cellular automata models

In biological organisms, a single genotype may map to several phenotypes and vice-versa. This many-to-many relationship is believed to be a major drive of the phenotypic robustness and genotypic evolvability found in all life forms. Given the inherent complexity of the genotype-to-phenotype (G2P) mappings, we use cellular automata (CAs) as rudimentary proxies for biological organisms. CA models have the same many-to-many G2P mappings, and their sensitivity to initial conditions allows the same genotype to differentiate into different phenotypes. We use a bipartite network to study the G2P landscape, and its projections in either space. The network and its projections all have a "heavy-tailed" degree distribution, hinting at an increased robustness supported by the network structure. We also show a strong correlation between the phenotype's complexity and its robustness. We are currently working on analyzing the relationships between the robustness and the evolvability both at the genotypic and phenotypic level. Preliminary results agree with those of previous similar studies, using different computational models.
D282, a non-nucleoside inhibitor of influenza virus infection that interferes with de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.

Background:The discovery of novel influenza virus inhibitors remains an important priority in light of the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Toward this end, a library of over 6,000 compounds wa...
Supportive Schooling Practices That Support Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students' Preparation for College

Given the challenges of a culturally and linguistically diverse student body, one exemplary high school has developed supportive schooling practices that provide academic rigor and access for all s...
Relationship between fibromyalgia features and smoking.

Objective. The objective of this study was to examine a possible relationship between smoking and fibromyalgia features among 233 female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods. Data on clinical and psychological features were collected by a protocol. Smoking status was evaluated by a question inquiring about the packs of cigarettes smoked per day. Differences between the smokers and non-smokers were tested by Mann Whitney U test. To adjust data for age and education, a partial correlation test was used. A p value of &#104 0.01 was accepted as the level of significance. Results. Fifty-one patients (21.9%) smoked. After adjustment for age and education, significantly positive relationship was found between smoking and pain, patient global severity, functional disability, and numbness. There was no difference between smokers and non-smokers for fatigue, morning fatigue, sleep difficulties, tender points (TP), depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusions. Smokers reported significantly more pain, numbnes...
The effects of additional tumor cavity sampling at the time of breast-conserving surgery on final margin status, volume of resection, and pathologist workload.

Margin status is an important prognostic factor for local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with breast malignancy. It is unclear whether the removal of additional tumor cavity margins reduces the reoperation rate and is cosmetically acceptable. This study compares the reoperation rates, volume of breast excised in cm3, and number of pathology slides examined in two groups of patients who underwent BCS with or without four or five additional margins (BCS + M). We retrospectively analyzed 320 patients who underwent BCS or BCS + M for stage 0-I-II breast cancer from 2004 to 2007. We classified the margins as negative (≥1 mm), close (<1 mm), or positive based on the distance from the tumor to the margin of resection. Of 320 cases analyzed, 199 (62.2%) underwent BCS and 121 (37.8%) had BCS + M. Overall, patients with BCS + M had a higher negative margins rate (85.1% vs. 57.2%, P < 0.05) and a lower reoperation rate. However, when ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) were analyzed separately, only patients with IDC showed a higher negative margin rate (91% vs. 62.1%, P < 0.001) and a lower volume of breast tissue excised (205.63 vs. 392.27, P = 0.03). There was no significant increase in pathology workload in both groups. Resection of four to five additional margins during BCS for early-stage invasive breast cancer results in a higher rate of negative microscopic margins, lower volume of breast excised, and subsequently, a lower reoperation rate. The advantages of this approach include improved patient satisfaction and decreased cost.
Coordinating disciplinary and organizational ways of knowing

Abstract This article examines how the difficulties in finding sustainable environmental interactions may be rooted in the institutionalized thinking and organizing from which these attempts emerge. A major question addressed is why do agencies and organizations support special interests better than collective ones. There is a long-standing set of political/economic explanations that attribute the structure of agriculture to the political power of established economic interests. The diverse explanations share one conclusion in common: agricultural policy and the structure of agriculture itself in the United States favors the production of commercial food outputs through the use of commercially available inputs instead of promoting the maintenance and enhancement of viable to biological, community and food systems. The emphasis on commercial inputs and outputs is compatible with decision-making by individual farmers. Epistemological explanations for why United States agriculture has developed along a path based on individual and commercial inputs and outputs rather than biological and community systems are complementary with political/economic explanations. Current agricultural models and policies are limited in that they are based on mechanical Newtonian assumptions. Discipline boundaries have impeded true implementation of interdisciplinary methodologies and the development of generalized models because the assumptions, cultures, and paradigms within the disciplines have not been overcome. In addition, different organizations have not overcome the differences in the way they transform data into information. This is true of agencies, organizations, and academic disciplines. Can large organizations or agencies handle diversity, given such barriers? For agriculture to play a role in protecting biodiversity, the heterogeneity of agrosystems will have to increase. Recommendations on the structure of organizations to maintain biological diversity in agricultural systems point to resiliency, checks and balances, redundancy, and a substantial research and extension effort to overcome barriers to effectiveness.
THE OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE OF HEMOGLOBIN: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY.

Cooperativity is a very difficult concept for biochemistry students in the health sciences. An analogy between breaking salt bonds and tearing apart a block of four stamps has been proposed for hem...
A study of the anodic oxidation of thiophosphate at a gold electrode in 0.10 M sodium hydroxide by double-potential-step chronocoulometry in a thin-layer cell

The oxidation of adsorbed SPO33− during the positive potential scan at a gold electrode is a major contributor to the total anodic signal that is catalyzed by formation of surface oxide. The number of electrons for oxidation of SPO33− in both the adsorbed (nads) and solution (nsoln) states was determined to be 6 equiv mol−1 on the basis of double-step chronocoulometry in a thin-layer cell. The products are concluded to be PO32− and SO43− on the basis of these n values, 31P NMR spectra, and a positive BaCl2 test for sulfate. The adsorption of SPO33− on Au is concluded to be consistent with the Langmuir isotherm to a coverage of θ = ca. 0.9, which is achieved for 0.6 mM Na3SPO3.
Flight Characteristics of Shaping the Membrane Wing of a Micro Air Vehicle

Biologically inspired concepts are rapidly expanding the range of aircraft technology. Consideration is given to merging two biologically-inspired concepts, morphing and micro air vehicles, and the resulting flight characteristics are investigated. Specifically, wing shaping is used to morph the membrane wings of a micro air vehicle. The micro air vehicle has poor lateral control because hinges, and consequently ailerons, are difficult to install on a membrane wing. Instead, a set of torque rods, aligned along the wings, are used to twist the membrane and shape the wing. The resulting morphing is shown to provide significant control authority for lateral dynamics. A set of flight tests are undertaken to determine the flight characteristics by commanding pulses and doublets to the control actuation. The vehicle demonstrates excellent roll performance in response to wing shaping. Futhermore, the vehicle demonstrates several types of spin behavior related to combinations of elevator deflection and the wing shaping.
Longitudinal Improvement of Self-Regulation Through Practice: Building Self-Control Strength Through Repeated Exercise

This study examined the results of repeated exercises of self-control in relation to self-regulatory strength over time. A sample of 69 U.S. college students spent 2 weeks doing 1 of 3 self-control exercises: monitoring and improving posture, regulating mood, or monitoring and recording eating. Compared with a no-exercise control group, the participants who performed the self-control exercises showed significant improvement in self-regulatory capacity as measured by quitting faster on a hand-grip exercise task following a thought-suppression exercise.
TAVR and SAVR: Current Treatment of Aortic Stenosis

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was approved in the United States in late 2011, providing a critically needed alternative therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis previously refused surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Over 20,000 TAVR have been performed in patients worldwide since 2002 when Alain Cribier performed the first-in-man TAVR. This paper reviews the data from balloon expandable and self-expanding aortic stent valves as well as data comparing them with traditional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Complications using criteria established by the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) are reviewed. Future challenges and possibilities are discussed and will make optimizing TAVR an important goal in the years to come.
A decade of bioorthogonal chemistry.

Inventing new chemical reactions is a long-standing passion of chemists, as reflected in the ever-popular field of reaction methodology. Historically, the environment in which newly crafted transformations would be performed imposed minimal limitations on reaction design; after all, solvents can be screened to find an optimal choice, temperature can be modulated, air and moisture can be excluded, catalysts can be added, competing functional groups can be protected, and byproducts can be siphoned away. Such flexibility permitted the use of diverse reagents and conditions, culminating in a vast compendium of synthetic transformations that has been wielded to produce myriad complex chemical structures. The target-driven synthetic chemist now enjoys an impressive reaction toolkit. But what if the challenge were inverted, wherein the target structure was relatively simple but the environment in which the necessary reactions must proceed was so chemically complex and uncontrollable that no two functional groups could combine reliably and selectively under such conditions?
Modification of Titan's ion tail and the Kronian magnetosphere: Coupled magnetospheric simulations

[1] Three-dimensional multifluid/multiscale modeling is used to study the coupled interaction between the Kronian magnetosphere and Titan's induced magnetosphere. The multifluid aspect of the model allows ions from the solar wind, Saturn's ionosphere, Enceladus torus, and Titan's ionosphere to be tracked separately. The multiscale aspect of the model allows simultaneous resolution of global and local processes down to 100 km near Titan. In the simulation, Titan is placed in the premidnight sector at 2100 Saturn local time. Two orientations of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) are considered: parallel and antiparallel to Saturn's planetary field. During parallel IMF, plasma conditions near Titan are relatively stable and Titan's ion tail extends to 10 Saturn radii. The ion tail produces mass loading of the Kronian plasma disk and leads to a modification of the position of the plasma sheet. During antiparallel IMF, fingers of cold dense plasma from the inner magnetosphere propagate outward, driven by the centrifugal interchange instability. Titan's interaction with the fingers causes enhanced outflow as well as large changes in the orientation of Titan's ion tail. The plasma fingers are also disrupted by the interaction with Titan. In both IMF configurations, ions lost from Titan do not produce a complete ion torus. However, Titan's ion tail has global importance because it influences the inner boundary of the plasma sheet and has the potential to modify Kronian auroral processes when it is in this position in the Kronian magnetosphere.
Cord-Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Confers an Increased Risk for Human Herpesvirus-6-Associated Acute Limbic Encephalitis: A Cohort Analysis

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) frequently reactivates after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); its most severe manifestation is the syndrome of posttransplantation acute limbic encephalitis (HHV-6-PALE). The epidemiology, risk factors, and characteristics of HHV-6-PALE after unrelated cord-blood transplantation (UCBT) are not well characterized. We analyzed 1344 patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT between March 2003 and March 2010 to identify risk factors and characteristics of HHV-6-PALE. The cohort included 1243 adult-donor HSCT and 101 UCBT recipients. All patients diagnosed with HHV-6-PALE had HHV-6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens in addition to symptoms and studies indicating limbic encephalitis. Nineteen cases (1.4%) of HHV-6-PALE were identified during this study: 10 after UCBT (9.9%) and 9 after adult-donor HSCT (0.7%), for an incidence rate of 1.2 cases/1000 patient-days compared to 0.08 cases/1000 patient-days (P
Accumulation of parathion and DDT by some algae and protozoa.

SYNOPSIS. Cultures of Anacystis nidulans, Scenedesmus obliquus, Euglena gracilis, Paramecium bursaria, and P. multimicronucleatum were exposed separately to 2 pesticides. They concentrated DDT 99 to 964 times and parathion 50 to 116 times when treated at 1 ppm (w/v), then held for 7 days. At the sensitivities of the analyses, no metabolites of the pesticides were detected in any of the organisms.
The Spectra of Weakly Magnetized Neutron Stars

The continuum spectrum of a rotating equatorial emitting region on the surface of an accreting neutron star is investigated within the Schwarzschild spacetime. It is found that the dominant general relativistic effect is the increase in apparent emission area from the neutron star surface due to gravitational light bending. For typical neutron star parameters, the apparent area of the accretion belt is remarkably independent of the viewing angle and, hence, the contribution for a boundary layer to the total X-ray luminosity is found to depend only weakly on the inclination angle of the binary system. For a blackbody spectrum in the local rest frame of the emitting surface, the distortion of the spectral shape by longitudinal and transverse Doppler shifts is minimal for neutron stars rotating at periods greater than about 2 ms. It is shown that the failure to detect a blackbody component from the weakly magnetized neutron star surface in some X-ray burst sources during their quiescent state may be related to the presence of temperature variations along the vertical extent of the boundary layer.
A short questionnaire on visual function of older adults to supplement ophthalmic examination.

Abstract PURPOSE: To estimate frequency of self-reported visual dysfunction in specific life situations. METHODS: Performance-based measures of visual function were obtained during the 5-year follow-up examination of the Beaver Dam Eye Study cohort. During the subsequent yearly follow-up telephone call, four questions concerning visual abilities in specific situations were administered. RESULTS: Visual difficulties in everyday life situations were commonly reported by adults aged 48 to 91 years, with only 17% to 35% of persons reporting excellent or very good vision in the four specific situations related to visual function. Visual acuity, near vision, and contrast sensitivity measures do not reflect the visual difficulties encountered in common daily activities in our study population (Spearman correlation coefficients all less than 0.35). CONCLUSIONS: A few simple questions about visual function in common daily activities may give a clinician insights into patient complaints. It may be that environmental changes could improve self-reported visual function.
Vascular delay of the latissimus dorsi provides an early hemodynamic benefit in dynamic cardiomyoplasty

Abstract Objectives . Dynamic cardiomyoplasty (CMP) as a surgical treatment for chronic heart failure improves functional class status for most patients. However, significant hemodynamic improvement with latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) stimulation has not been consistent. The current protocols do not allow early LDM stimulation after CMP surgery. We hypothesized that vascular delay of LDM would increase myocardial assistance after CMP and allow early (48-h) LDM stimulation after CMP. Methods . Mongrel dogs (n = 24) were divided in four groups: 1) controls (n = 6), single-stage CMP; 2) Group ES (n = 6), single-stage CMP with early LDM stimulation beginning 48 h, postoperatively; 3) Group VD (n = 6), vascular delay of the LDM followed by CMP without early LDM stimulation, and 4) Group VDES (n = 6), vascular delay of LDM (14–18 days), followed by CMP with early stimulation (48 h postoperatively). Two weeks after CMP, global cardiac dysfunction was induced by injecting microspheres into the left coronary artery. LDM-assisted (S) beats were compared with nonstimulated beats (NS) by measuring aortic pressure (AoP), LV pressure, aortic flow, and by calculating first derivative of LV contraction (±dP/dt), stroke volume (SV), and stroke work (SW). Results . In ES, LDM stimulation had no effect on the hemodynamic parameters. In the other groups, LDM stimulation significantly ( p −1 . Similarly, in VDES, LDM stimulation increased peak AoP by 24.1 ± 4.7 mm Hg, LVP by 26.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg, dP/dt by 619 ± 47 mm Hg/sec, SV by 6.5 ± 0.7 mL, and SW by 16.7 ± 4.1 g/m −1 . Conclusions . In dogs with global LV dysfunction, CMP after vascular delay resulted in a significant improvement in hemodynamic function measured 2 weeks after surgery. This improvement was not provided by single-stage CMP with or without early stimulation. Vascular delay of the LDM before surgery may play an important role for early benefit after CMP, shorten the overall muscle training period, as well as increase hemodynamic response to LDM stimulation.
High-dose radiotherapy to 78 Gy with or without temozolomide for high grade gliomas

Objectives To describe outcomes associated with high-dose radiotherapy with and without temozolomide for high grade central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. Methods Retrospective chart review of 60 patients diagnosed with malignant glioma treated with ≥70 Gy radiotherapy. Results Median age at diagnosis was 52 years, and 52 patients had astrocytomas (38 glioblastomas). Median prescribed radiotherapy dose was 78 Gy (range 70–80), and 29 patients received concurrent temozolomide. Eighty-six percent completed the planned course treatment. Three patients experienced RTOG grade 3 acute CNS toxicity; late brain necrosis was suspected in four patients. Overall median survival was 13 months (range 2–83). Within glioblastoma patients, temozolomide provided a statistically significant survival improvement over no chemotherapy (median survival 12.7 vs. 7.5 months; P = 0.0058). Conclusions High dose conformal radiotherapy to ≥70 Gy with chemotherapy for high-grade CNS neoplasms appears safe but survival remains suboptimal. Within glioblastoma patients, temozolomide provided statistically significant survival improvement over no chemotherapy.
Tritium Enrichment by Gas-Solid Chromatography: Technique for Low-Level Analysis

A palladium chromatograph was developed that can detect less than 10 atoms of tritium per 10(18) atoms of hydrogen. Columns operated at ambient temperature have 70-liter hydrogen capacity (50-milliliter water sample) and give 60 percent recovery in the first 500 cubic centimeters of gas evolved.
Sources of Work‐Family Conflict in the Accounting Profession

Turnover of experienced and well‐trained professionals continues to be a problem for accounting firms. Much of the turnover is among individuals who are trying to satisfy demands of both work and family. This study examines the sources of work‐family conflict and their association with job outcomes in the accounting profession. One source of work‐family conflict, work interfering with the family (WIF), is found to significantly relate to job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Females are much more likely than males to experience turnover intentions when their work interferes with their family. Another source, family interfering with work (FIW), is not significantly related to either job satisfaction or to turnover intentions when flexible work arrangements are offered, but is related to turnover intentions when flexible work arrangements are not offered. As currently offered, flexible work arrangements seem to be effective at reducing turnover related to FIW.
The Practicality of Super Bowl Advertising for New Products and Companies

Abstract Companies that advertise during the Super Bowl can reach 40 million U.S. households with a 30-second commercial spot, but the cost can exceed $2 million. This research examines Nielsen television ratings and expenses for related commercial spots and suggests that the Super Bowl is not always the best site for introducing new companies or products to the marketplace. ANOVA test results indicate that younger companies may better affect purchase decisions by advertising more frequently during less expensive programming slots.
The year it came together.

The last week of 1895 was a watershed week for Wilhelm Roentgen, medical practice, and the new science of roentgenobogy. As with most discoveries, much work preceded the finalevent. Indeed, Roentgen was not seeking new knowledge when he discovered the “new kind of ray’ but only trying to duplicate the work of Philipp Lenard, who had observed fluorescence in different chemicals when they were exposed to the cathode rays of the Crookes’ vacuum tube [1]. Let us review the record. In 1839, Heinrich Geissler invented a
Towards space: time light field rendering

So far extending light field rendering to dynamic scenes has been trivially treated as the rendering of static light fields stacked in time. This type of approaches requires input video sequences in strict synchronization and allows only discrete exploration in the temporal domain determined by the capture rate. In this paper we propose a novel framework, space-time light field rendering, which allows continuous exploration of a dynamic scene in both spatial and temporal domain with unsynchronized input video sequences.In order to synthesize novel views from any viewpoint at any time instant, we develop a two-stage rendering algorithm. We first interpolate in the temporal domain to generate globally synchronized images using a robust spatial-temporal image registration algorithm followed by edge-preserving image morphing. We then interpolate those software-synchronized images in the spatial domain to synthesize the final view. Our experimental results show that our approach is robust and capable of maintaining photo-realistic results.
Life span of erythrocyte membrane protein.

IN most types of cells the protein constituents of the cytoplasm are constantly being degraded and synthesised1–6. When the proteins in these cells are labelled with a protein precursor, the label disappears from the protein with first order kinetics. The amount of any protein in the cell then is regulated by the rate of its synthesis and degradation, and recent work indicates the importance of this process as a regulatory mechanism in mammalian cells. In contrast, when haemoglobin, which comprises 90% of the protein of the mature mammalian erythrocyte, is labelled, it does not decay with first order kinetics, but survives for a finite period. It disappears from the vascular bed when the intact erythrocyte is removed from circulation. Thus, haemoglobin labels provide excellent material for studies of the life span of the red cell.7
Rat growth experiments with beta-phenylserine diastereoisomers.

Summary1. DL-Allophenylserine has no growth-promoting effect for the white rat when added to diets deficient in phenylalanine or tyrosine. It may be inferred that it cannot be converted to either phenylalanine or tyrosine to any appreciable extent. 2. dL-Phenylserine shows a toxic action, manifested by loss of weight, when supplied to rats in a synthetic diet devoid of phenylalanine but containing tyrosine, or in a nutritionally complete lactalbumin diet. DL-allophenylserine has no appreciable effect at the same levels and under the same conditions.