cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clouston syndrome: an ectodermal dysplasia without significant dental findings.

The ectodermal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of conditions primarily affecting the hair, teeth, nails, and skin, and are classified according to the tissue(s) affected. The classification categories are: (1) abnormalities of hair, (2) dental defects, (3) abnormalities of nail morphology, and (4) dyshidrosis. Individuals are grouped according to defects present with findings from two or more categories required for diagnosis. As this classification method is based on phenotype, variable expression or small family size may well have an impact on diagnosis. We report a four-generation family with a hair-nail (1–3) dysplasia with nail morphology that is typical of Clouston syndrome. All affected relatives have thick, discolored, hyperconvex nails with onycholysis, varying degrees of hair involvement, and are hidrotic. They lack hyperkeratosis and multiple caries as originally described in Clouston syndrome. We propose that morphologic abnormalities of the teeth may not occur in the phenotype of Clouston syndrome and that it can be considered a hair-nail (1–3) dysplasia. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the nature of spherical wear particles in a Babbitt-steel sliding system

Abstract The mechanism of spherical particle formation was investigated in sliding systems formed of a steel ring on which either a pure Babbitt pin or a graphite fiber-Babbitt matrix composite pin was slid. Spherical Babbitt particles (indicative of tribological distress) were detected only in the pure Babbitt-steel system under conditions of dry sliding. These particles were probably formed from non-spherical wear debris by severe plastic deformation at the interface. With the composite pins, only spherical steel particles (generated in the pretest grinding operation) were found. These steel particles were, in general, clustered, smooth and hollow, indicating that they formed by a process of melting and solidification of fine grinding chips.
The influence of an electric discharge on the growth of Au crystallites on cleaved (100) NaCl substrates

Abstract The nucleation and growth characteristics of gold crystallites deposited in the presence of an electrical discharge were investigated. It was found that the number density of Au crystallites deposited onto (100) cleaved faces of NaCl had a direct relationship with the length of application of the discharge. As the discharge time increased, the crystallite diameter distributions showed an evolution from a broad to a narrow character. It was also found that the presence of a discharge during deposition enhanced the tendency towards epitaxy and the formation of preferred surface orientation for the crystallites.
13C relaxation and extended diffusion in prolate symmetric-top molecules

Abstract Relaxation times in methyl iodide, methyl bromide and acetonitrile were analyzed at various temperatures, using the J -diffusion model of molecular reorientation. Collision times derived from T 1 SI are in reasonable agreement with values calculated from the Enskog model. However, calculated reorientational times are 2–3 times shorter than those obtained directly from T 1 d .
1588 PROGRESSIVE POSTHEMORRHAGIC HYDROCEPHALUS: FACTORS PREDICTING RESPONSE TO LUMBAR PUNCTURE MANAGEMENT

Eighteen preterm infants with severe progressive post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PPH) following IVH were managed with serial lumbar punctures (LP) according to the following protocol. Daily serial LP with measurement of opening and closing pressure (OP,CP) were performed for no more than four weeks. Sufficient CSF was removed with each LP to lower OP by half. If OP became normal (≤ 80 mm H2O) and remained so for two successive days, LP was deferred for 48 hours and then repeated. If OP remained ≤ 80 mm H2O LP management was discontinued and the patient observed. If hydrocephalus progressed after discontinuation of LP or symptoms of increased intracranial pressure developed during LP management, shunt was effected. Of the 18 infants thus far studied, 11 responded to LP management. OP in 10 of the 11 was ≤ 80 mm H2O by three weeks; none of the non-responders demonstrated OP ≤ 80 mm H2O prior to three weeks of therapy (p=0.0002). Initial CSF protein and sugar and response of CSF protein and sugar to LP were not predictive of response. In conclusion, attainment of OP of ≤ 80 mm H2O for 3 successive days within a 21 day period of serial LP management is highly predictive of PPH response to LP management.
Marital therapy for depression: Theoretical foundation, current status, and future directions

The current paper examines the potential utility of marital therapy in the treatment of depression. First, three clinically useful models are outlined and practical concerns related to the use of marital therapy in the treatment of depression are addressed. Second, available outcome and process research on the use of marital therapy as a treatment for depression is reviewed in detail. We attend especially to the issue of specifying the population likely to respond most favorably to behavioral marital therapy (BMT). We conclude that BMT is a viable and useful form of intervention for a substantial subpopulation of depressed persons. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Towards a molecular biology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus: photic and temporal regulation of c-fosgene expression

Abstract As a first strategy to investigate the molecular processes that might constitute the entrainment mechanism of the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, we and others have analyzed the photic and temporal regulation of the transcriptional regulatory protein c -Fos and its sequence-specific binding to DNA, using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and gel mobility shift assays. Although the functional role and target genes for c -Fos are unknown, and while more experimentation needs to be done, there is evidence to suggest that this protein is somehow involved in the mechanism for the photic entrainment of circulation rhythms to the environmental light-dark cycle.
Application of an active pneumatic actuator to robotic deburring

Purpose – The paper aims to develop a robotic deburring method based on a new active pneumatic tool.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a new active pneumatic tool, which is developed by integrating two industrial pneumatic deburring tools based on a double cutting action – initial cut followed by fine cut. A simple control method is developed, which coordinates the motion of the tools and the arm.Findings – The study finds that the developed method can improve robotic deburring in terms of speed and accuracy.Research limitations/implications – The paper provides guidance for the design of a pneumatic deburring tool, its integration with an industrial robot, and robotic deburring control.Practical implications – The new deburring tool prevents large contact force and bouncing from occurring during the contact transition. In addition, the developed deburring method demonstrates significant improvement in deburring speed and accuracy in comparison with other methods, which is translated into co...
Non-Contact Probes for THz Integrated Devices Based on Fiber- Coupled Photomixers

We investigate through numerical simulation and analytic design the electromagnetic coupling properties of a novel, contact-free, antenna-free optoelectronic probe that should operate up to 1 THz and beyond. The probes are based on continuous-wave photomixers and are designed to transmit and receive THz waves propagating along a coplanar waveguide (CPW) containing a device-under-test (DUT). Two kinds of designs have been investigated: a broadband design that performs up to 1300 GHz with coupling exceeding -27 dB over 1 THz, and a narrow band design showing a coupling better than -12 dB over a bandwidth of ≈100 GHz centered about a chosen operating frequency.
The cabaret sex industry in the republic of cyprus: An exploratory investigation of Greek-Cypriot male cabaret patronage

Essentialist machismo practices, effectuated by masculine gender role socialization, help construct a mechanistic and limiting male sexual ethos that exploits female sexuality in sexualized work environments. A critical site for exploring the intercrossing of sexual and economic differentials is the cabaret—an intermediary of a strip club and a brothel—whereby males and females utilize their financial assets and sexual appeal, respectively, to benefit and exploit each other. In this investigation, we provide an understanding of the macro environmental contexts and micro intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that have contributed to the historical evolution of the cabaret industry in the Greek-Cypriot Republic of Cyprus. Such industry has evolved from a place of family entertainment to one of economic and sexual exploitation of Greek-Cypriot male cabaret patrons and Eastern-European sex workers respectively. Various themes are explored, such as the limiting effects of patriarchal socializing practices, male sexual anxiety, and sexual preoccupation.
Arylsulfatase B activities and glycosaminoglycan levels in retrovirally transduced mucopolysaccharidosis type VI cells. Prospects for gene therapy

Mucopolysacchariodosis type VI (MPS VI) is the lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficient activity of arylsulfatase B (ASB; N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase) and the subsequent accumulation of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG), dermatan sulfate. In this study, a retroviral vector containing the full-length human ASB cDNA was constructed and used to transduce skin fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and bone marrow cells from human patients, cats, or rats with MPS VI. The ASB vector expressed high levels of enzymatic activity in each of the cell types tested and, in the case of cat and rat cells, enzymatic expression led to complete normalization of 35SO4 incorporation. In contrast, overexpression of ASB in human MPS VI skin fibroblasts did not lead to metabolic correction. High-level ASB expression was detected for up to eight weeks in transduced MPS VI cat and rat bone marrow cultures, and PCR analysis demonstrated retroviral-mediated gene transfer to approximately 30-50% of the CFU GM-derived colonies. Notably, overexpression of ASB in bone marrow cells led to release of the enzyme into the media and uptake by MPS VI cat and rat skin fibroblasts and/or chondrocytes via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor system, leading to metabolic correction. Thus, these studies provide important rationale for the development of gene therapy for this disorder and lay the frame-work for future in vivo studies in the animal model systems.
“They taught me”: The benefits of early community-based field experiences in teacher education

Abstract Research in teacher education suggests that field experiences in community settings can offer pre-service teachers a context for understanding the link between theory and practice. This paper documents the experiences of pre-service educators participating in a service-learning experience at a Children's Defense Fund Freedom School in the south-eastern United States. Pre-service teachers engaged in critical reflection, online journals, and daily debriefing sessions and praised the benefits of a service experience in an urban context and explained how interactions within the programme gave them the insight into the teaching profession. The author argues that this project successfully bridged the gap between teacher education theory and practice.
Effects of magnetic field exposure on fertilization success in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

The sensitivity of trout ova and sperm to 1-T magnetic fields was investigated. It was determined that (1) overall test results combining seven independent Z-statistics demonstrated a significant (..cap alpha.. < 0.0001) enhancement of fertilization when ova alone were exposed to the magnetic field prior to fertilization; (2) similarly, overall test results combining Z-statistics from eight independent experiments indicated a significant (..cap alpha.. < 0.0004) enhancement when sperm alone were exposed; and (3) statistical analysis of nine independent experiments confirmed enhanced fertilization (..cap alpha.. < 0.0001) when both ova and sperm were exposed to the magnetic field prior to fertilization. Although these data indicated that both ova and sperm were sensitive to magnetic fields, simultaneous exposure of both gametes did not have a greater total effect on fertilization rate than the sum of their individual effects.
Oxygen electroreduction on Ag(111) : The pH effect

Abstract The rotating ring disk method (RRDE) is applied to investigate the pH effect on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Ag(1 1 1) single crystal surface in 0.1 M KOH and 0.1 M HClO 4 . In 0.1 M KOH, the ORR proceeds through 4e − reaction pathway with a very small (0.5–2.5%) peroxide formation in the entire potential range. In 0.1 M HClO 4 the onset potential for the ORR is shifted for ca. 400 mV toward the higher overpotentials compared to the 0.1 M KOH solution. At the low overpotentials, in 0.1 M HClO 4 the ORR proceeds entirely as a 2e − process, i.e, 100% H 2 O 2 formation. At higher overpotentials, the initial mixed a 2e − and 4e − reduction is followed by the potential region where the ORR proceeds entirely as a 4e − process, with H 2 O formation as a final product. The pH dependent shift in the onset of the ORR as well as the reaction pathway has been explained based on both: a thermodynamic analysis of pH independent rate determining step, and on the pH dependent change in availability of surface active sites and adsorption energies of molecular oxygen and reaction intermediates.
LDHk in the retina of diverse vertebrate species: a possible link to the Warburg effect.

LDHk is a cancer-associated lactate dehydrogenase which is also found at high levels in normal mammalian retina. Such retinas share with most cancer tissues a dependence on aerobic glycolysis, leading to high production of lactate. However, retinas of lower vertebrate species are significantly less dependent on aerobic glycolysis. We find that retinas of species less dependent on aerobic glycolysis express significantly lower levels of an LDHk-like activity, less than or equal to the low levels seen in brains. The enzymes from lower species differ from the mammalian retinal enzyme in their pH optima and responsiveness to oxygen; but share a similar degree of inhibition by 5′-5′-dinucleoside tetraphosphates. Therefore, the expression pattern of LDHk in brain and retina of diverse vertebrate species suggests a link with the Warburg effect.
Experience with 109 cases of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy.

Abstract We conducted a prospective review of our experience with 109 transvaginal hydrolaparoscopies (THLs) performed in 97 women. The THL was considered complete in 101 procedures (93%) and adequate for management in 105 (96%). Two complications occurred (1.8%), one failed entry and one perforation of a retroflexed uterus. Diagnoses for 67 infertile patients were normal pelvis in 34 (51%), endometriosis in 14 (21%), adhesions in 6 (9%), and tubal obstruction in 10 (15%); 3 THLs (4%) were considered incomplete. Of 17 women with dysmenorrhea, a normal pelvis was found in 8 (47%) and endometriosis in 9 (53%). In 11 patients with pelvic pain endometriosis was found in 4 (36%), normal pelvis in 3 (27%), and adhesions in 3 (27%); THL was incomplete in 1 (9%). Six infertile patients (9%) had operative laparoscopy and 10 (15%) operative THL; 6 (9%) were counseled to seek in vitro fertilization. Pregnancy occurred in 16 patients (24%). Analog pain scores (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) were tracked in 39 consecutive patients. Pain during trocar insertion averaged 4.2 ± 0.5, 2.2 ± 0.2 at midprocedure, and 1.1 ± 0.1 at the end of THL. We believe that THL should be considered instead of hysterosalpingogram and laparoscopy in selected patients.
A gauge theory for a quantum system with isospin

A quantum system with external symmetry is made into a principal fibre bundle with a nonAbelian Lie group as the structure group, and is equipped with a connection. A gauge theory for a nonrigid molecule on the basis of the observation that the vector bundle associated with the principal fibre bundle provides a setting for quantum mechanics of the internal molecular motion.
Multiresolution analysis for material design

The relationship between material microstructure and properties is the key to optimization and design of lightweight, strong, tough materials. Material properties are inherently a function of the microscale interactions at each distinct scale of deformation in a material. Currently, we rely on empirical data to define the structure-property link in the material design chain. A model is proposed here in which a material is physically and mathematically decomposed to each individual scale of interest. Material deformation can subsequently be resolved to each of these scales. Constitutive behavior at each scale can be determined by analytically or computationally examining the micromechanics at each scale. The proposed multiresolution technique is capable of linking overall material properties to the underlying microstructure via the micromechanics at each scale of interest. The small scale deformation phenomena which have a profound impact on macroscale properties are captured. The technique is general enough to be used in any material which exhibits different constitutive behavior at each scale. It can be implemented in a general finite element framework. This is illustrated for a polycrystalline material, a granular material, an alloy containing particles at two scales. A potential use for a bio-inspired self healing composite is also discussed. The theory can then be applied computationally in a finite element framework to determine the overall material properties in terms of the constitutive behavior at each scale, without resorting to empiricism.
An early classic misplaced: Ford W. Harris's economic order quantity model of 1915

The familiar square-root formula for the optimal economic order quantity was derived originally by Harris in 1915 Harris, F. W. 1915. What quantity to make at once. The Library of Factory Management, Vol. V. Operation and Costs. A. W. Shaw Company, Chicago, 47-52.. Since all citations found to Harris's paper over the past 35 years are incorrect, it seems that no one has been able to locate the paper during this period. The paper's apparent misplacement probably stems from an inaccurate citation given by Raymond in 1931 Raymond, F. E. 1931. Quantity and Economy in Manufacture. McGraw-Hill, New York.. Harris's paper exemplifies skillful presentation of the concepts of management science, and still merits reading. Today's researcher can learn much from Harris's modeling approach, and would do well to emulate his expositional clarity and motivational effectiveness.
Photovoltaic lifetime and degradation science statistical pathway development: Acrylic degradation

mechanistically based variables to develop a statistical pathway diagram for the degradation of acrylic that is important in concentrating photovoltaics. The statistically signicant relationships were investigated using lifetime and degradation science using a domain knowledge semi-supervised generalized structural equation modeling (semi-gSEM. Predictive analytics and prognostics are informed from the statistical pathway diagram in order to predictively understand the lifetime of PV modules in dierent stress conditions and help with these critical lifetime technologies.
Control of Nanophases in Polyelectrolyte Gels by Salt Addition

We propose a continuum theory to describe the influence of salt on the phase segregation behavior of polyelectrolyte gels. The equilibrium phase behavior is determined by the steady state solution ...
Embryonic caffeine exposure induces adverse effects in adulthood

The purpose of this study was to determine both the short-term effects on cardiac development and embryo growth and the long-term effects on cardiac function and body composition of in utero caffeine exposure. Pregnant mice (C57BL/6) were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) or room air from embryonic days (E) 8.5–10.5, and treated with caffeine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (normal saline, 0.9% NaCl). This caffeine dose results in a circulating level that is equivalent to 2 cups of coffee in humans. Hypoxic exposure acutely reduced embryonic growth by 30%. Exposure to a single dose of caffeine inhibited cardiac ventricular development by 53% in hypoxia and 37% in room air. Caffeine exposure resulted in inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF1α protein expression in embryos by 40%. When offspring from dams treated with a single dose of caffeine were studied in adulthood, we observed that caffeine treatment alone resulted in a decrease in cardiac function of 38%, as assessed by echocardiography. We also observed a 20% increase in body fat with male mice exposed to caffeine. Caffeine was dissolved in normal saline, so it was used as a control. Room air controls were used to compare to the hypoxic mice. Exposure to a single dose of caffeine during embryogenesis results in both short-term effects on cardiac development and long-term effects on cardiac function.—Wendler, C. C., Busovsky-McNeal, M., Ghatpande, S., Kalinowski, A., Russell, K. S., Rivkees, S. A. Embryonic caffeine exposure induces adverse effects in adulthood.
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy: Benefits and Requirements of Localization, Diagnosis, and Intraoperative PTH Monitoring. Long-Term Results

Background Surgery is the only curative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. Initial parathyroidectomy procedures fail due to ectopic gland location and unappreciated multigland disease.
Deploying Common Systems Globally: The Dynamics of Control

In today's competitive environment, an increasing number of firms are buildingcommon information systems, which will be deployed globally, to support their strategic globalization initiatives. These systems are designed to meet the requirements of a diverse set of stakeholders with different business needs, priorities, and objectives. One managerial tool for addressing and reconciling such differences is control, which encompasses all attempts to motivate individuals to act in a manner that is consistent with organizational objectives. This paper examines two research questions. How do stakeholders exercise control during different phases of large IS projects? Why do control choices change across project phases? Results of two case studies suggest control is exercised differently for each phase. During the initial phase of a project, control is exercised as "collective sensemaking," in which both IS and business stakeholders utilize mostly informal mechanisms of control. During development, "technical winnowing" of mechanisms occurs such that control is vested primarily in IS managers, who structure hierarchical relationships with subordinates and who rely extensively on formal control mechanisms. Both IS and business stakeholders employ formal and informal mechanisms during implementation to exercise control as "collaborative coordinating." The results also suggest that changes in control choices from one project phase to another are triggered by factors in the project, stakeholder, and global contexts. As factors change across phases, so too do control choices. Further, problems that surface in one project phase trigger changes to controls in subsequent phases. These findings are integrated into a model of the dynamics of control. Implications of these results are drawn, and directions for future research are suggested.
Cocaine reinforced progressive ratio performance in the rhesus monkey.

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of a progressive ratio (PR) procedure in measuring the relative reinforcing efficacy of several intravenous doses of cocaine. In Experiment 1, utilizing much smaller increases in the ratio requirement than previously reported, the animals generally displayed increases in breaking point with increases in the cocaine unit dose up to 0.4 mg/kg/inj. The highest dose studied (0.8 mg/kg/inj.) engendered breaking points lower than the 0.4 mg/kg dose but higher than the remaining lower doses. Experiment 2 was conducted utilizing the same reinforcement schedule as in Experiment 1 but with liquid Tang® as the reward. The results demonstrated that this procedure would function to discriminate reinforcing strength with a more traditional reward. Experiment 3 examined a more expedient procedure to see if results similar to those seen in Experiment 1 could be obtained in a shorter period of time. However, the shorter procedure engendered excessive intrasubject variability, suggesting that some intermediate level of baseline experience between the 5–7 days used in Experiment 1 and the 50 reinforced responses used in Experiment 3 would be necessary to obtain consistent breaking point-unit dose functions.
Elevation of arterial phosphofructokinase activity associated with susceptibility to atherosclerosis in pigeons

Abstract The activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK, 2.7.1. 11) was measured in arteries of very young (5–8 week old) pigeons known to differ in susceptibility to atherosclerosis. The activity of the arterial enzyme was significantly higher in the atherosclerosis susceptible White Carneau (WC) pigeons than in the resistant Show Racers (SR). The difference was significant whether enzyme activity was calculated on the basis of extract protein, DNA content or fat-free dry weight. In the White Carneau arteries the activity of the enzyme was higher in the female than the male pigeons. PFK is a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis and is subject to fine control adjustments. A low ATP/ADP ratio and a fall in citrate concentration, as, for example, induced by hypoxia, are mediators of a feedback mechanism leading to a rise in PFK activity and enhancement of glycolysis for energy production. This mechanism appears to be the cause of the higher PFK activity in the WC arteries, because related studies indicate impaired Krebs cycle activity in these vessels. It is suggested that the increased dependence of the WC arteries on glycolysis facilitates the development of atherosclerosis in this pigeon strain and that the mechanism is similar to the mechanism by which tissue hypoxia causes lipid accumulation and connective tissue alterations in the arterial wall.
Association of anemia and cognitive dysfunction in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.

Anemia is a symptom associated with cognitive dysfunction and is diagnosed if the hemoglobin level of a blood sample is too low. The clinical impact of chronically low hemoglobin level may be insufficient brain oxygenation, which may result in a decline in cognitive functioning. Previous studies have provided evidence of decrements in cognitive functioning associated with anemia across various disease processes, but few have investigated the association between cognitive dysfunction and hemoglobin level in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). As this population is inherently anemic, studying these patients allowed for an exploration of cognitive changes at mild, moderate, and severe levels of anemia. This investigation explored cutoff points for hemoglobin at which cognitive decline may occur. Findings showed decrements in cognitive functioning occurring at hemoglobin levels of 10 g/dL or below. Performance on measures of word retrieval, attention, and fine motor function was most affected which suggests fronto-temporal lobe dysfunction. Results provided evidence as to a hemoglobin cutoff point below which cognitive function may be affected in patients with AML and MDS. This cutoff value may provide a clinical marker at which cognitive testing and therapeutic interventions could be utilized to improve patients’ cognitive function, level of fatigue and overall quality of life.
A study of adverse reaction algorithms in a drug surveillance program

To improve agreement among observers, several investigators have recently proposed methods (algorithms) to standardize assessments of causality for presumed adverse drug reactions. We evaluated one such method in the context of an intensive pediatric drug surveillance program. Four observers rated 50 randomly selected case reports drawn from the program, first using only general guidelines and then, several months later, using the strict criteria of the algorithm. Agreement among observers was poor in both study phases. The presence of selected characteristics of adverse events (e.g., major severity) did not improve agreement in either phase of the study. We conclude that routine use of such algorithms in drug surveillance programs is not likely to be of benefit. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1985) 38, 183–187; doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.156
Quantitative electroglottograph-signal processing methods for clinical instrumentation

A discussion is presented of new signal processing concepts and hardware, called glottal synchronous modal sampling, for the quantitative analysis of the electroglottogram and simultaneous parallel measurements of phonatory signals such as the output of a glottal accelerometer. The objective is to establish assessment procedures of broad clinical utility which can be executed easily by clinicians, an objective which is a major engineering step beyond the speech science laboratory. The main engineering features of a clinical instrument are highly automatic data acquisition, cogent real-time displays, and automatic output of a hard copy of the complete assessment. >
Peirce and the Autonomy of Abductive Reasoning

Essential to Peirce's distinction among three kinds of reasoning, deduction, induction and abduction, is the claim that each is correlated to a unique species of validity irreducible to that of the others. In particular, abductive validity cannot be analyzed in either deductive or inductive terms, a consequence of considerable importance for the logical and epistemological scrutiny of scientific methods. But when the full structure of abductive argumentation — as viewed by the mature Peirce — is clarified, every inferential step in the process can be seen to dissolve into familiar forms of deductive and inductive reasoning. Specifically, the final stage is a special type of practical inference which, if correct, is deductively valid, while the creative phase, surprisingly, is not inferential at all. In neither is abduction a type of inference to the best explanation. The result is a major reassessment of the relevance of Peirce's views to contemporary methodological studies.
An active squelch technique for HF communication systems

A reliable squelch feature has long been a difficult goal in the low signal to noise ratio and high interference environments typical of HF links. Many passive techniques have been attempted and implemented. These passive techniques range from simple power measurement to elaborate neural network based speech detection systems. All of these approaches suffer from a decrease in reliability as channel conditions degrade due to the presence of noise and interference. However, it is under these degraded channel conditions where a reliable squelch function is most desirable to reduce operator fatigue. In addition, a reliable squelch function can be useful in the implementation of HF/HF or HF/VHF automated re-transmission systems, or as the basis for a robust field radio wakeup feature. This paper will discuss the design and implementation of an HF squelch system based on a burst serial tone waveform that operates in low signal to noise ratio and high narrowband and impulsive interference environments. The paper will present our initial design goals, an implementation overview, and final system performance. Performance data, including the rate of false unsquelch occurrences and the probability of missed unsquelch in various channel conditions will also be presented.
A collaborative framework for scientific data analysis and visualization

Human interpretation is a common practice in many scientific data analyses. After the data is processed to a certain extent, the remainder of the analyses is performed as a series of steps of processing and human interpretation. Many large scientific experiments span multiple organizations, therefore, both the data and the teams involved in these experiments, are distributed across these organizations. When the focus of an analysis is to extract new knowledge, collaboration is a key requirement. Real time or near real-time collaboration of expertise, on scientific data analyses, provides a better model of interpretation of the processed data. In this paper, we present a collaborative framework for scientific data analysis that is also secure and fault tolerant.
Relationality in Organizational Research: Exploring The Space Between

Relationships and interactions should be an important focus of attention in organizational scholarship. In contrast to traditional research approaches that focus on independent, discrete entities, methodologies oriented torelational concerns in organizations allow researchers to study the intersubjective and interdependent nature of organizational life. In addition to providing historical and philosophical bases for a perspective which emphasizes relationality, we review the growing number of methods that capture relational aspects of organizational life. Examples include network analysis, and "complexity" modeling, correspondence analysis and participatory research, case study methods, the learning history approach, psychometrics, and action inquiry. Our goal is to establish a "palette" of methodological choices for the researcher interested in operationalizing a relational perspective within organizational research/practice.
Rapid Detection of Analytes with Improved Selectivity Using Coated Microcantilever Chemical Sensors and Estimation Theory

Rapid detection of analytes with improved selectivity is achieved though the use of estimation theory to analyze the response of polymer-coated microcantilever chemical sensors. In general, chemical sensors exhibit partial selectivity and can have relatively long response times. Using estimation theory, it is possible to make short-term response predictions from past data. This makes it possible to use the transient information (response time), often unique to an analyte/coating pair, to achieve an improvement in analyte species recognition while simultaneously allowing for a reduction in the time required for identification and quantification. An extended Kalman filter is used as a recursive online approach to refine the estimate of the sensor's future response. Both identification and quantification are thus possible as soon as the filter estimate achieves a high confidence level. Also, with improved selectivity, identification is possible using fewer sensors in an array.
Follicular Rash on the Knees and Hyperkeratotic Palms: A Difficult Diagnosis

A healthy 7-year-old girl presented with a 2-month history of an itchy rash on her elbows, knees, hands, and feet. The patient was otherwise healthy with normal development and growth. She had no other medical problems and was not taking any medications. The rash started as small pink bumps on her knees and elbows, spreading to her hands and feet and progressively thickening. The patient’s history was otherwise unremarkable; she had no pets, had no recent travel outside the United States, and her vaccinations were up to
Serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels during loss and recovery of spermatogenesis in rats.

The relationships between spermatogenesis and gonadotropic and androgenic hormones were studied by measuring levels of serum FSH, LH and testosterone in rats during loss and recovery of spermatogenic elements. Male rats weighing 250–350 g were treated with a single ip dose of the antispermatogenic agents busulfan (1,4-dimethanesulf onoxybutane; 10 mg/kg) or WIN 1S446 (bis(dichloroacetyl)-octamethylenediamine; 125 mg/kg) or with vehicle alone. Groups of control, busulfan- and WIN 18446- treated rats were sacrificed periodically between 1 and 20 weeks after treatment. Testis weights of treated rats decreased rapidly during 3-6 weeks after treatment, reaching minimal (p < 0.01) levels (0.64 g for busulfan, 0.68 g for WIN 18446, 1.51 g for controls) by 8 weeks after treatment. Thereafter, testis weight increased, but remained below (p < 0.05) control levels 20 weeks after treatment. Histological loss of spermatogenic elements, paralleling weight loss was seen; by 8 weeks after treatment, seminiferous tubules ...
Tie2 Expression and Phosphorylation in Angiogenic and Quiescent Adult Tissues

Angiogenesis, the process of new vessels sprouting from the existing vasculature, is a critical process during early development. However, angiogenesis rarely occurs in the adult, except in response to cyclic hormonal stimulation in the ovary and uterus, in response to injury, and in response to pathological conditions such as tumorigenesis and diabetes mellitus. Tie2 (also known as Tek) is a novel endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, which has been demonstrated to be essential for the development of the embryonic vasculature; Tie2 knockout mice die by embryonic day 10.5 with specific defects in the formation of microvessels. Tie2 is downregulated later in embryogenesis, and its function in the adult has been relatively unexplored. To gain insight into the potential functions of Tie2 in the adult vasculature, Tie2 expression was examined in adult tissues undergoing angiogenesis and in quiescent tissues. Tie2 expression was localized by immunohistochemistry to the endothelium of neovessels in rat tissues undergoing angiogenesis during hormonally stimulated follicular maturation and uterine development and in healing skin wounds. Immunoprecipitation and RNase protection assay demonstrated upregulation of Tie2 protein and mRNA in rat and mouse skin wounds, respectively. Moreover, Tie2 immunoprecipitated from skin wounds was tyrosine-phosphorylated, indicating active downstream signaling. Surprisingly, Tie2 was also expressed in the entire spectrum of the quiescent vasculature (arteries, veins, and capillaries) in a wide range of adult tissues, and Tie2 immunoprecipitated from quiescent adult tissues was also tyrosine-phosphorylated. Together, these results suggest a dual function for Tie2 in adult tissues involving both angiogenesis and vascular maintenance.
A 3D EIT system for breast cancer imaging

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a developing and promising imaging modality for early detection of breast cancer. An EIT system utilizes an array of electrodes to apply currents to an imaging domain and measures the resulting voltages on the periphery. The measurement results are then input to a reconstruction algorithm to produce an image of the impedance distribution inside the domain. In this work, a full 3D EIT system has been developed and the system design, measurement strategy and reconstruction algorithm are presented. Several sets of experimental data are collected and phantom tumor images are reconstructed from these data sets.
Increasing diterpene yield with a modular metabolic engineering system in E. coli: comparison of MEV and MEP isoprenoid precursor pathway engineering

Engineering biosynthetic pathways in heterologous microbial host organisms offers an elegant approach to pathway elucidation via the incorporation of putative biosynthetic enzymes and characterization of resulting novel metabolites. Our previous work in Escherichia coli demonstrated the feasibility of a facile modular approach to engineering the production of labdane-related diterpene (20 carbon) natural products. However, yield was limited ( 100 mg/L of E. coli culture. These amounts are sufficient for nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, enabling characterization of enzymatic products and hence, pathway elucidation. Furthermore, these results represent an up to >1,000-fold improvement in diterpene production from our facile, modular platform, with MEP pathway enhancement offering a cost effective alternative with reasonable yield. Finally, we reiterate here that this modular approach is expandable and should be easily adaptable to the production of any terpenoid natural product.
Genome comparisons reveal a dominant mechanism of chromosome number reduction in grasses and accelerated genome evolution in Triticeae

Single-nucleotide polymorphism was used in the construction of an expressed sequence tag map of Aegilops tauschii, the diploid source of the wheat D genome. Comparisons of the map with the rice and sorghum genome sequences revealed 50 inversions and translocations; 2, 8, and 40 were assigned respectively to the rice, sorghum, and Ae. tauschii lineages, showing greatly accelerated genome evolution in the large Triticeae genomes. The reduction of the basic chromosome number from 12 to 7 in the Triticeae has taken place by a process during which an entire chromosome is inserted by its telomeres into a break in the centromeric region of another chromosome. The original centromere–telomere polarity of the chromosome arms is maintained in the new chromosome. An intrachromosomal telomere–telomere fusion resulting in a pericentric translocation of a chromosome segment or an entire arm accompanied or preceded the chromosome insertion in some instances. Insertional dysploidy has been recorded in three grass subfamilies and appears to be the dominant mechanism of basic chromosome number reduction in grasses. A total of 64% and 66% of Ae. tauschii genes were syntenic with sorghum and rice genes, respectively. Synteny was reduced in the vicinity of the termini of modern Ae. tauschii chromosomes but not in the vicinity of the ancient termini embedded in the Ae. tauschii chromosomes, suggesting that the dependence of synteny erosion on gene location along the centromere–telomere axis either evolved recently in the Triticeae phylogenetic lineage or its evolution was recently accelerated.
On the Decision to Take a Pitch

Baseball is a highly strategic game, with decisions being made almost continuously. In this paper, we analyze the decision to have the batter take a pitch, which means that he does not swing at the pitch under any circumstances---even if it is easily hittable. Why would a batter do this? Using decision-theoretic reasoning, we determine under what circumstances such a decision is good. We find that in some cases, taking pitches deterministically dominates not taking.
Donovan and Davis: Two More Lottery Cases

Despite restrictions on marketability, lottery payments included in a decedent's estate must be valued by the actuarial tables and without a marketability discount. They must be valued by the actuarial tables because: (1) Congress said so (section 7520); (2) the Supreme Court said so (Ithaca Trust); and (3) the values under the tables in the cases are not "so unrealistic and unreasonable" to necessitate, under either case law or the regulations, an exception from their application. Section 7520 requires the sole use of the tables to value annuities and partial interests in property and no exceptions pertinent to the lottery cases are found in the statute, regulations, or prior case law. If there were no statute, regulations, or prior case law, logically one would still need to acknowledge that the value of a nonmarketable sure thing like lottery payments should not be much less than the present value of those winnings. That means their value cannot be "wildly unrealistic" or "substantially unrealistic and unreasonable" as compared to their value computed under the tables.
Real-time aware protocols for general e-commerce and electronic auction transactions

In some applications it is important to be able to detect if a transaction is completed within a short stipulated time, and to compensate the customer for losses or refund customer fee if the real-time constraint is violated. We call protocols that can detect real-time violation real-time aware protocols. We propose real-time aware protocols for general e-commerce and electronic auction transactions. These protocols are also shown to be secure, atomic, anonymous, private, and low in overhead cost.
Effects of selenium hyperaccumulation on plant–plant interactions: evidence for elemental allelopathy?

• Few studies have investigated plant-plant interactions involving hyperaccumulator plants. Here, we investigated the effect of selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation on neighboring plants. • Soil and litter Se concentrations were determined around the hyperaccumulators Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata and around the nonhyperaccumulators Medicago sativa and Helianthus pumilus. We also compared surrounding vegetative cover, species composition and Se concentration in two plant species (Artemisia ludoviciana and Symphyotrichum ericoides) growing either close to or far from Se hyperaccumulators. Then, Arabidopsis thaliana germination and growth were compared on soils collected next to the hyperaccumulators and the nonhyperaccumulators. • Soil collected around hyperaccumulators contained more Se (up to 266 mg Se kg(-1) ) than soil collected around nonhyperaccumulators. Vegetative ground cover was 10% lower around Se hyperaccumulators compared with nonhyperaccumulators. The Se concentration was higher in neighboring species A. ludoviciana and S. ericoides when growing close to, compared with far from, Se hyperaccumulators. A. thaliana showed reduced germination and growth, and higher Se accumulation, when grown on soil collected around Se hyperaccumulators compared with soil collected around nonaccumulators. • In conclusion, Se hyperaccumulators may increase the surrounding soil Se concentration (phytoenrichment). The enhanced soil Se contents around hyperaccumulators can impair the growth of Se-sensitive plant species, pointing to a possible role of Se hyperaccumulation in elemental allelopathy.
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) and recurrent pregnancy loss: treating a unique APA positive population

BACKGROUND: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has been associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) including anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant. Therapy using heparin and aspirin has been shown to significantly improve the live birth rate. We evaluated whether other APA should be considered as a basis for treatment in women with RPL. We also assessed the efficacy of heparin and aspirin therapy compared with aspirin alone in these women. METHODS: A two-centred, prospective, cohort evaluation of 79 women with two or more consecutive pregnancy losses who underwent a complete evaluation for RPL that was negative except for positive APA. Women with RPL and APA to cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidyl serine (PS) and/or lupus anticoagulant (LAC) treated with heparin and aspirin (group 1) were compared with those with other positive APA (to phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl glycerol and/or phosphatidyl ethanolamine) treated with heparin or aspirin (group 2) or treated with aspirin alone (group 3). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patients’ demographics between groups. There were 19 viable infants born to 25 women (76%) in group 1, 18 viable infants born to the 28 women (64%) in group 2, and 12 viable infants born to the 26 women (46%) in group 3. Only the comparison between group 1 and group 3 reached statistical significance (P 0.03). CONCLUSION: APA other than CL, PS and LAC may be associated with RPL.
A Likelihood Ratio Test for Stochastic Ordering

Abstract This article presents a method of extending the likelihood ratio principle to a nonparametric setting. The problem dealt with is a test for stochastic ordering. The resulting test is shown, via simulation, to have good power. It is shown to be consistent and unbiased.