cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurologic outcome of choreoathetoid encephalopathy after cardiac surgery

Postoperative encephalopathy with choreoathetosis is a serious neurologic complication of childhood cardiac surgery. An inadequate understanding of the long-term outcome has limited family counseling and the institution of intervention strategies. Our objective was to define the long-term neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral outcome in this group of patients. By retrospective review we identified all cases of choreoathetosis in our cardiac intensive care unit from 1986 through 1995. During this decade we described a sudden transient increase in postoperative choreoathetosis that disappeared as we modified treatment strategies in perioperative care. These children underwent a comprehensive battery of neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral tests to determine in detail their long-term outcome. Of the 36 cases identified of which three were deceased, four were abroad, and eight were lost to follow-up, 21 families were approached, and 15 of the 21 (71%) consented to testing. We found pervasive deficits in memory, attention, and language, with a median full-scale IQ of 67 (range = 40-122), as well as in motor function, including persistent dyskinesia in seven of 15 (47%). The pervasive and enduring cognitive and motor deficits in survivors of postoperative choreoathetosis caution for guarded predictions of outcome and highlight the need for careful neurologic and cognitive evaluation in all children with choreoathetosis after open heart surgery.
Preservice Teacher Perceptions of a Technology-Enriched Methods Course

On average, K-12 teachers use computers with their students less than one time per week and for little more than word processing, e-mail, or game and drill software (Becker, 2000). The existing gap between how teachers are expected to use technology and how they are actually using it has largely been blamed on schools and colleges of education (SCOEs) for not preparing its preservice teachers to integrate technology into their future classrooms (American Council on Education, 1999; International Society for Technology in Education [ISTE], 1999; National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education [NCATE], 1997; U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1995).
Lightning Charge Retrievals: Dimensional Reduction, LDAR Constraints, and a First Comparison with LIS Satellite Data

A "dimensional reduction" (DR) method is introduced for analyzing lightning field changes (DELTAEs) whereby the number of unknowns in a discrete two-charge model is reduced from the standard eight (x, y, z, Q, x', y', z', Q') to just four (x, y, z, Q). The four unknowns (x, y, z, Q) are found by performing a numerical minimization of a chi-square function. At each step of the minimization, an Overdetermined Fixed Matrix (OFM) method is used to immediately retrieve the best "residual source" (x', y', z', Q'), given the values of (x, y, z, Q). In this way, all 8 parameters (x, y, z, Q, x', y', z', Q') are found, yet a numerical search of only 4 parameters (x, y, z, Q) is required. The DR method has been used to analyze lightning-caused DeltaEs derived from multiple ground-based electric field measurements at the NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and USAF Eastern Range (ER). The accuracy of the DR method has been assessed by comparing retrievals with data provided by the Lightning Detection And Ranging (LDAR) system at the KSC-ER, and from least squares error estimation theory, and the method is shown to be a useful "stand-alone" charge retrieval tool. Since more than one charge distribution describes a finite set of DELTAEs (i.e., solutions are non-unique), and since there can exist appreciable differences in the physical characteristics of these solutions, not all DR solutions are physically acceptable. Hence, an alternative and more accurate method of analysis is introduced that uses LDAR data to constrain the geometry of the charge solutions, thereby removing physically unacceptable retrievals. The charge solutions derived from this method are shown to compare well with independent satellite- and ground-based observations of lightning in several Florida storms.
La Quina Faunal Collections Assembled by the American School of Prehistoric Research in the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History

Abstract In this paper we summarize the history of the American School of Prehistoric Research, discuss the sites visited during the program's tenure from 1921–1934, and provide an analysis based on taxonomy and skeletal elements of the large mammalian faunal remains from one of those sites, La Quina. A listing of all La Quina large mammalian fauna deposited at the Yale Peabody Museum is presented.
Self-esteem in men and women alcoholics.

Comparison of the self-esteem of men and women alcoholics showed no significant differences between the two groups.
The Odocoileus virginianus Femur: Mechanical Behavior and Morphology

Biomechanical research relies heavily on laboratory evaluation and testing with osseous animal structures. While many femora models are currently in use, including those of the European red deer (Cervus elaphus), the Odocoileus virginianus femur remains undocumented, despite its regional abundance in North America. The objective of this study was to compare biomechanical and morphological properties of the Odocoileus virginianus femur with those of the human and commonly used animal models. Sixteen pairs of fresh-frozen cervine femora (10 male, 6 female, aged 2.1 ± 0.9 years) were used for this study. Axial and torsional stiffnesses (whole bone) were calculated following compression and torsion to failure tests (at rates of 0.1 mm/sec and 0.2°/sec). Lengths, angles, femoral head diameter and position, periosteal and endosteal diaphyseal dimensions, and condylar dimensions were measured. The results show that the cervine femur is closer in length, axial and torsional stiffness, torsional strength, and overall morphology to the human femur than many other commonly used animal femora models; additional morphological measurements are comparable to many other species' femora. The distal bicondylar width of 59.3mm suggests that cervine femora may be excellent models for use in total knee replacement simulations. Furthermore, the cervine femoral head is more ovoid than other commonly-used models for hip research, making it a more suitable model for studies of hip implants. Thus, with further, more application-specific investigations, the cervine femur could be a suitable model for biomechanical research, including the study of ballistic injuries and orthopaedic device development.
Ideas Meet Institutions and the People Rise Up: Four Ideas and the Strange Century of Health Reform

Few ideas have been pursued as long and as doggedly – or opposed quite as ferociously – as national health care. In this paper, I use the quest for NHI to reflect on just how ideas matter within the great grind of institutions, interests, and political time. The four ideas: social insurance, lockean liberalism (or dread of government), neo progressive technique, and market competition.
Reliability and validity of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Introduction Significant impairments in health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have been previously described. The disease-specific HRQL among patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, remains unknown. Aim To determine the degree of construct validity of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in adults with NASH. Methods Participants referred for the evaluation of histology-proven NASH at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, between 1996 and 2000, were evaluated. HRQL assessment by the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey and CLD) was performed. The primary outcome was to determine the level of correlation between overall and subscale scores for the CLDQ and SF-36 instruments. Results Among 79 participants (70%) with NASH completing both questionnaires (mean age, 51.2 years with 64% female gender), excellent reliability was noted for the CLDQ instrument. Significant reductions in all SF-36 domains (p Discussion The CLDQ has excellent reliability and validity of construct for HRQL assessment in adults with NASH when compared with the SF-36. Future investigations among participants with NASH require assessing the responsiveness of the CLDQ to medical therapies and disease progression.
Creating employable graduates: the case of ethnic minority students in Greece

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the main barriers to employability skills development of ethnic minority students in the context of higher education (HE) in Greece and recommends strategies to help higher education institutions (HEIs) overcome those barriers. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on a series of in-depth interviews conducted with 20 ethnic minority students and ten “traditional” students studying at three institutions of HE in Greece. Findings – The study shows that there are many barriers facing ethnic minority students in HE including: poor self-esteem; lack of good advice about HE courses; isolation once in HE; discrimination by staff in HE; and unresponsive curriculum to ethnic diversity in HE. In this context, it is argued that there is an immediate need for decision makers in HEIs to develop policies that target ethnic minority students in order to help them secure employment. It is suggested that HEIs should: provide opportunities for students to discuss co...
Omniphobic Slippery Coatings Based on Lubricant-Infused Porous Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

Omniphobic and slippery coatings from lubricant-infused, textured surfaces have recently been shown to have superior properties including low contact angle hysteresis and low sliding angles. Here, we present an omniphobic slippery surface prepared by infusing a fluorinated lubricant into a porous polyelectrolyte multilayer. These surfaces repel water and decane with sliding angles as low as 3°. One advantage of polyelectrolyte multilayers is the ease with which they can coat nonplanar surfaces, demonstrated here.
Study on Kalman filter in GPS/Radio/DR integrated navigation system of an UAV

Based on the respective characteristic of the subsystems in the GPS/Radio/DR integrated navigation system of an unmanned air vehicle (UVA), a decentralized-centralized filtering method is proposed. By establishing the predigested kinetics model and kinematics model of the UAV, the exact data ofmagnetism angle and airspeed can be obtained through Kalman filtering and accordingly the precision of dead reckoning (DR) is improved. Due to the machine transmission gap in the radar system, the measured azimuth of radio contains the interferential information with some frequencies. The information is resolved by applying a digital filter to the system. Last, the data of radio and DR are respectively corrected by GPS. The simulation results show that the precision of flight path is greatly improved through the method.
Characterization of a Micro-Mixing, Pumping, and Valving System

Five fluidic characterization methods were used to evaluate the performance of a complete pulsatile-flow, continuous micromixing system which utilizes new technology pumps and valves. Although microfluidic systems have been described previously in the literature [1], this is the first time that a detailed fluidic characterization of such a system has been performed. This characterization included fluorescence detection, Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, and pressure versus flow rate measurements.
From Marxism to Ontology: Maurice Merleau-Ponty

The name of Maurice Merleau-Ponty conjures a multitude of images, refracting against one another in ways that continually surprise. There is first of all the phenomenologist. Under his pen, phenomenology becomes less than a method to be applied and more than an attitude: the phenomenological analyses emerge on their own from the materials in which they were embedded, those of science, of culture, and of the everyday. His studies of expression in art and literature are of a piece with the sure hand that guides his interpretations of the so-called hard sciences. The philosopher was part of a generation that lived through war, occupation, and the unanswered challenges of creating a post-war. The same manner of cleaving to the world is present in his political choices and critical analyses. He seemed to accept the reality of Cold War political dualism (in Humanism and Terror) before challenging its apparent common sense in a denunciation of what he called ‘Sartre’s Ultra-Bolshevism’ in his study of the Adventures of the Dialectic. The speculative moment of his phenomenology reappears in the unfinished ontology in The Visible and the Invisible where the reader has a sense that a poetic layer of mystery overlain with Heideggerian echoes weighs down the articulation of his philosophical lucidity. Each rereading, particularly in light of the fact that his work was cut short prematurely, offers new possibilities of interpretation, poses new questions, even at times suggests new practical political-historical understandings.
Toward the present: terrorism in theory and practice

The transition from the modern to the contemporary is one in which the challenges to the historian are the most difficult, since we lack much of the empirical evidence necessary for a proper historical analysis that remains unavailable due to its sensitive connection to ongoing terrorist campaigns. We may well be concerned about the conclusions we may be approaching because we are still engaged in the enterprise as representatives of one side or another with interests in the competing currents involved. For decades of the twentieth century, the Cold War presented exactly such restrictions, and it is only in its aftermath that we can obtain the evidence to answer questions about which formerly we could provide little more than knowledgeable speculation. To take one example, we no longer have to rely on estimates made by Sovietologists about the structure of the USSR’s power elite by watching where they are positioned in relation to one another atop the Lenin Mausoleum during the annual Revolution Day celebrations; we now have access to previously unavailable records of party meetings, diplomatic cables, and secret security archives, which permits us to arrive at both new and more accurate findings. Now that the Cold War era has run its course, it appears that it can be moved out of the historical category of the contemporary and appropriately consigned to an expanded version of the period since the French Revolution that we have been referring to as the modern era.
Mediation models of implicit theories and achievement goals predict planning and withdrawal after failure

Dweck posits that implicit theories of intelligence provide a meaning system that organizes goal-based patterns of response in achievement situations. Goals of increasing competence or demonstrating competence provide purposes for engaging in achievement tasks and frameworks for interpreting and responding to outcomes. Despite suggestions that within an implicit theory framework, attributions and emotions should mediate associations between goals and post-failure responses, such models have rarely been explicitly tested. We obtained questionnaire data from college students (N = 261) on implicit theories, goals, and attributions, as well as emotions and behavior after a hypothetical failure. Path analysis showed that learning goal and effort attribution mediated the association between incremental theory and post-failure intention to plan remedial action. Theory-consistent indirect effects that predicted intention to withdraw were also identified. Findings provide support for Dweck’s theory and extend our understanding of the roles of goals, attributions, and emotions in explaining responses to achievement setbacks.
Effect of pneumatic power tool use on nerve conduction velocity across the wrist: Research Articles

The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of pneumatic power tools altered electrophysiologic properties of the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist during the work shift. Sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured in hands of workers before work and then at 2-hour intervals during the workday. Ten workers exposed to pneumatic power tool use and 10 workers not exposed to intensive hand activity were evaluated. The conduction velocities slowed significantly across the wrist in the median and ulnar nerves among workers using pneumatic tools but not among control workers. This investigation demonstrated that short-term exposure to highly intensive hand tasks causes significant slowing in nerve conduction velocity across the wrist. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 339–352, 2005.
Study of void fraction and mixing of immiscible liquids in a pool configuration by an upward gas flow

Investigations are performed to study the mixing between immiscible liquids in a pool configuration due to an upward gas flow. A water-R113 system is used in the bubbly/churn-turbulent regimes to d...
Hormone Therapy in Clinical Equine Practice

A wide variety of hormone therapies are used in clinical practice in the reproductive management of horses. The goal of this article is to review therapeutic options for a variety of clinical indications.
Acute leukemias in adults: an overview of recent strategies.

In 1989, 65%–75% of previously untreated adults with ALL or AML may be expected to enter complete remission. Approximately 40% of these completely responding patients, whether they are treated with intensive chemotherapy, intensive chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation, or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, remain disease-free after 3 years of follow-up. As such, the likelihood for cure for adults with acute leukemia is approximately 25%–30%. At the present time, no new chemotherapeutic agents of significant importance are on the horizon. Furthermore, it seems doubtful that the mere juggling of drug doses will have any measurable effect on treatment outcome. The use of hematopoietic growth factors, either to allow added tolerance of intensive therapy or to synchronize leukemic cells kinetically, is now under study. Perhaps the most promising area of present investigations deals with immune manipulation. The administration of immunotoxins (a drug or a cell poison chemically linked to a leukemia-related monoclonal antibody) has been associated with promising results in eradicating minimal residual disease in animal model systems. Similarly, attempts at harnessing the graft-versus-leukemia effect without the eligibility restrictions and toxicities associated with the allograft procedure, through the use of lymphokines as enhancers of natural killer cell activity, have also proven to be effective in pre-clinical trials. With the availability of hematopoietic growth factors, immunotoxins, and lymphokines, clinical research in acute leukemia in the future will no longer focus on cytotoxic drugs alone but rather on how the addition of biological agents can prolong the duration of complete remission and increase the potential for cure.
When do the stock market returns to new product preannouncements predict product performance? Empirical evidence from the U.S. automotive industry

Substantial research has examined how stock market reactions to marketing actions affect subsequent marketing decisions. However, prior research provides limited insights into whether abnormal stock returns to a marketing action actually predict the future performance resulting from that action. This study focuses on new product preannouncements (NPPAs) and investigates the relationship between short-term stock market returns to an NPPA and the post-launch new product performance under various industry and firm conditions. Findings based on a dynamic panel data analysis of 208 NPPAs in the U.S. automotive industry between 2001 and 2014 reveal that stock returns associated with an NPPA are not an appropriate forward-looking measure of future product performance. However, under specific conditions (i.e., when the preannouncement is specific, the preannounced new product has low innovativeness, the preannouncing firm has a high reputation and invests heavily in advertising, and the preannouncement environment is less competitive), abnormal stock returns to NPPAs actually predict the future performance of new products. Thus, this study extends the marketing–finance and innovation literature with its focus on the conditions that affect the predictive power of immediate stock returns for the future performance of new products.
Bayesian inference for heterogeneous caprock permeability based on above zone pressure monitoring

Abstract The presence of faults/fractures or highly permeable zones in the primary sealing caprock of a CO 2 storage reservoir can result in leakage of CO 2 . Monitoring of leakage requires the capability to detect and resolve the onset, location, and volume of leakage in a systematic and timely manner. Pressure-based monitoring possesses such capabilities. This study demonstrates a basis for monitoring network design based on the characterization of CO 2 leakage scenarios through an assessment of the integrity and permeability of the caprock inferred from above zone pressure measurements. Four representative heterogeneous fractured seal types are characterized to demonstrate seal permeability ranging from highly permeable to impermeable. Based on Bayesian classification theory, the probability of each fractured caprock scenario given above zone pressure measurements with measurement error is inferred. The sensitivity to injection rate and caprock thickness is also evaluated and the probability of proper classification is calculated. The time required to distinguish between above zone pressure outcomes and the associated leakage scenarios is also computed.
Hematopoietic MyD88 and IL-18 are essential for IFN-γ–dependent restriction of type A Francisella tularensis infection

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious intracellular bacterium that causes the potentially fatal disease tularemia. We used mice with conditional MyD88 deficiencies to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MyD88 restricts type A F. tularensis infection. F. tularensis-induced weight loss was predominately dependent on MyD88 signaling in nonhematopoietic cells. In contrast, MyD88 signaling in hematopoietic cells, but not in myeloid and dendritic cells, was essential for control of F. tularensis infection in tissue. Myeloid and dendritic cell MyD88 deficiency also did not markedly impair cytokine production during infection. Although the production of IL-12 or -18 was not significantly reduced in hematopoietic MyD88-deficient mice, IFN-γ production was abolished in these animals. In addition, neutralization studies revealed that control of F. tularensis infection mediated by hematopoietic MyD88 was entirely dependent on IFN-γ. Although IL-18 production was not significantly affected by MyD88 deficiency, IL-18 was essential for IFN-γ production and restricted bacterial replication in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Caspase-1 was also found to be partially necessary for the production of IL-18 and IFN-γ and for control of F. tularensis replication. Our collective data show that the response of leukocytes to caspase-1-dependent IL-18 via MyD88 is critical, whereas MyD88 signaling in myeloid and dendritic cells is dispensable for IFN-γ-dependent control of type A F. tularensis infection.
Maliovantsy: Orthodox Christianity and the Ukrainian ‘Evangelical’ Peasants of Late Imperial Russia

This paper is about a problem of “identity crisis” among Orthodox peasants in Ukrainian provinces of the late Russian Empire, which was initiated by “charismatic” religious movement of Maliovantsy. This crisis led to a formation of new non-Russian and non-Orthodox peasant culture which contributed to a building of a Ukrainian national identity not only from “above” through efforts of intellectual elite, but also from below through “cultural production” and innovations of Ukrainian peasantry.
Measuring Social Capital

The operationalization process defines the concept of social capital so as to allow it to be measured empirically, qualitatively and quantitatively. Here, various measurement frameworks for social capital are examined mainly from the standpoint of health and welfare studies.
Abuse liability and therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine

Kratom, derived from the plant Mitragyna speciosa, is receiving increased attention as an alternative to traditional opiates and as a replacement therapy for opiate dependence. Mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG) are major psychoactive constituents of kratom. While MG and 7-HMG share behavioral and analgesic properties with morphine, their reinforcing effects have not been examined to date. 7-HMG, but not MG, substituted for morphine self-administration in a dose-dependent manner in the rat self-administration paradigm. Following the substitution procedure, re-assessment of morphine self-administration revealed a significant increase following 7-HMG and a significant decrease following MG substitution. In a separate cohort, 7-HMG, but not MG, engendered and maintained intravenous self-administration in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of pretreatment with nalxonaxine (NLXZ), a μ1 opiate receptor antagonist, and naltrindole (NTI), a δ opiate receptor antagonist, on 7-HMG and morphine self-administration were also examined. Both NLXZ and NTI reduced 7-HMG self-administration, whereas only NLXZ decreased morphine intake. The present results are the first to demonstrate that 7-HMG is readily self-administered, and the reinforcing effects of 7-HMG are mediated in part by μ and δ opiate receptors. In addition, prior exposure to 7-HMG increased subsequent morphine intake whereas prior exposure to MG decreased morphine intake. The present findings indicate that MG does not have abuse potential and reduces morphine intake, desired characteristics of candidate pharmacotherapies for opiate addiction and withdrawal, whereas 7-HMG should be considered a kratom constituent with high abuse potential that may also increase the intake of other opiates.
In Vivo Localization of Tumor Associated Antigens with Radioactively Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). These preparations were shown to react with HBSAg secreted by numan hepatoma cells from the cell line designated PLC/PRF/5. These cells and cells from another human tumor cell line (Hep-2) which is HB Ag negative, were inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c background nude mice. The anti-HBSAg monoclonal antibodies and nonspecific monoclonal antibodies of the same isotvne were purified by salt precipitation and gel filtration and labeled with 131I-using the Hunter-Greenwood method. Three weeks after cell inoculation, the nude mice were injected with either the anti-HBSAG antibodies or with the non-specific antibodies. Eight days later the mice were sacrificed and each major organ and tumor were weighed and counted to determine the amount of radioactivity per gram of tissue. The results indicated that: 1) more radioacitivity was found in the tumors bearing the HBSAg than the Hep-2 tumor when anti-HBSAg antibodies were used and; 2) no such difference could be seen when the nonspecific antibodies were used.
Interendothelial junctions in normal human Schlemm's canal respond to changes in pressure.

Purpose. To determine if changes in the structure and complexity of junctions between endothelial cells lining Schlemm's canal (SC) occur in normal human eyes with changes in perfusion pressure. Methods. Twelve normal human eyes were either perfusion-fixed (at 15 or 45 mm Hg) or immersion-fixed (0 mm Hg) in modified Karnovsky's fluid. Outflow facility was measured continually during the perfusion fixation. The intercellular junctions of the endothelial cells of SC were ultrastructurally examined in thin sections, including serial sections and freezefracture replicas. Morphometric data on the number of junctional strands per total length of tight junction were documented and categorized by the number of strands (one, two, or three or more). The length of endothelial cell overlap was measured on thin sections. Results. In freeze-fracture replicas, perfusion-fixed eyes demonstrated less complex junctions. At 15 mm Hg, 18.06% of the total junctional length was represented by three or more strands; at 45 mm Hg, this percentage decreased to 8.59%. In immersion-fixed eyes, 24.17% of the total junctional length was represented by three or more strands. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.0012). In sections, the amount of endothelial cell overlap, and thus the length of paracellular pathway, was reduced in perfusion-fixed versus immersionfixed eyes (P < 0.02). Extensive serial sectioning demonstrated that giant vacuoles were formed, either by individual endothelial cells or by two or more adjacent endothelial cells. Conclusions. When compared with specimens fixed at zero pressure, overlap between endothelial cells of SC is reduced significantly when this cell layer is under conditions of flow similar to those encountered in vivo. The tightjunctions between cells of the inner wall of SC become less complex with increasing pressure. Our data suggest that the paracellular pathway into SC in the normal eye is sensitive to modulation within a range of physiologically relevant pressures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:2460-2468.
Systems of Volterra Integral Equations

Systems of integral equations, linear or nonlinear, appear in scientific applications in engineering, physics, chemistry and populations growth models [1–4]. Studies of systems of integral equations have attracted much concern in applied sciences. The general ideas and the essential features of these systems are of wide applicability.
Current and evolving strategies for colorectal cancer screening.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality and morbidity. Screening can potentially prevent most colorectal cancers by detection and removal of precursor adenomas. Methods: The literature and clinical practice guidelines are reviewed, with an emphasis on advances of the last 10 years and evolving screening methods. Results: Colonoscopy has come to be used for screening in persons at average risk for colorectal cancer because of the comparative ineffectiveness of other methods, although these methods continue to be recommended. Virtual colonoscopy and fecal DNA testing are emerging technologies with promise to be more effective than fecal occult blood testing or sigmoidoscopy in selecting those persons who should undergo colonoscopy. Next to age, family history is the most common risk factor for colorectal cancer and one that warrants more aggressive screening and, in some instances, genetic counseling and testing. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer accounts for as many as 1 in 20 colorectal cancers, but to take advantage of recent advances in genetic testing for this disorder, a high level of clinical suspicion must be maintained. Conclusions: If we are to reduce mortality and morbidity from colorectal cancer, practicing clinicians need to be aware of current and evolving strategies for colorectal screening, and assertively recommend the appropriate strategy to their patients.
Physical, Thermodynamic and Solubility Data

This chapter will attempt to present some of the basic physical and thermodynamic data for potassium chloride and its simple aqueous solutions. However, only a limited amount of data will be given for other potash salts and solutions because of the immense amount of information that would be required to cover all of the potassium compounds and their mixtures. Since potassium chloride is such a common and basic compound it has been extensively studied, and data is available from the late 1800’s to the present. In some respects this is a mixed blessing since the data in many cases is inconsistent. The early data was often presented as tables in centigrade and weight percent units, later it was reported in molar (moles/liter) concentrations, but now it is almost always expressed as molal (moles/1,000 g water) solutions with quite limited and random molal and temperature values for each series of tests. This is the result of the present fairly universal objective of using the data to form very large polynomial equations, and present them instead of the more useable tables of data. The new polynomial equations are then compared to previous researcher’s polynomials, but unfortunately discrepancies of 4–20% for some of the data is either ignored or brushed-off as the new values being better than the old ones.
1-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-4-penylpiperazine increases the number of Peyer's patch-associated regenerating crypts in the small intestines after radiation injury

Abstract Objective Exposure to lethal doses of radiation has severe effects on normal tissues. Exposed individuals experience a plethora of symptoms in different organ systems including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, summarized as Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). There are currently no approved drugs for mitigating GI-ARS. A recent high-throughput screen performed at the UCLA Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation identified compounds containing sulfonylpiperazine groups with radiation mitigation properties to the hematopoietic system and the gut. Among these 1-[(4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (Compound #5) efficiently mitigated gastrointestinal ARS. However, the mechanism of action and target cells of this drug is still unknown. In this study we examined if Compound #5 affects gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) with its subepithelial domes called Peyer’s patches. Methods C3H mice were irradiated with 0 or 12 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). A single dose of Compound #5 or solvent was administered subcutaneously 24 h later. 48 h after irradiation the mice were sacrificed, and the guts examined for changes in the number of visible Peyer’s patches. In some experiments the mice received 4 daily injections of treatment and were sacrificed 96 h after TBI. For immune histochemistry gut tissues were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections were stained with H&E, anti-Ki67 or a TUNEL assay to assess the number of regenerating crypts, mitotic and apoptotic indices. Cells isolated from Peyer’s patches were subjected to immune profiling using flow cytometry. Results Compound #5 significantly increased the number of visible Peyer’s patches when compared to its control in non-irradiated and irradiated mice. Additionally, assessment of total cells per Peyer’s patch isolated from these mice demonstrated an overall increase in the total number of Peyer’s patch cells per mouse in Compound #5-treated mice. In non-irradiated animals the number of CD11bhigh in Peyer’s patches increased significantly. These Compound #5-driven increases did not coincide with a decrease in apoptosis or an increase in proliferation in the germinal centers inside Peyer’s patches 24 h after drug treatment. A single dose of Compound #5 significantly increased the number of CD45+ cells after 12 Gy TBI. Importantly, 96 h after 12 Gy TBI Compound #5 induced a significant rise in the number of visible Peyer’s patches and the number of Peyer’s patch-associated regenerating crypts. Conclusion In summary, our study provides evidence that Compound #5 leads to an influx of immune cells into GALT, thereby supporting crypt regeneration preferentially in the proximity of Peyer’s patches.
Analysis of outcome in dogs that undergo secondary amputation as an end‐point for managing complications related to limb salvage surgery for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma

Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) remains a prevalent musculoskeletal cancer in dogs and definitive local control followed by adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy is considered the gold standard approach. Several studies support surgical limb salvage as a means of local control with similar outcomes compared with limb amputation. Complications are well described for limb salvage but little is known of dogs that undergo secondary amputation as a result of complications and outcomes specific to this group. A retrospective analysis of dogs in an institutional primary bone tumour registry was performed to identify dogs diagnosed with histologically confirmed OSA treated with surgical limb salvage with a technique that required an implant to reconstruct the osseous defect. A total of 192 dogs were identified with 31 dogs undergoing secondary amputation representing a limb preservation rate of 84%. A total of 111 dogs were analysed: 31 secondary amputation cases and 80 controls were selected for comparison. The most common reasons for secondary amputation were local recurrence (LR) and surgical site infection (SSI), with odds ratios of 3.6 and 1.7, respectively. Dogs that underwent secondary amputation had a significantly (P = .05) longer median disease specific survival time (ST) (604 days) compared with the control group (385 days). Dogs lived for a median of 205 days beyond secondary amputation and 97% had good functional outcome. Significant independent factors that positively influenced ST were secondary amputation, moderate SSI, severe SSI and age.
Performance of BFSA Collision Resolution: RFID Including Non-unique Tag IDs

As RFID technology becomes ever more affordable, its large scale implementation has been a growing trend in recent years. While current protocols allow for non-unique tag IDs, most existing implementations largely optimize RFID system’s performance based on the assumption of unique tag IDs and treat the existence of non-unique tag IDs within reader’s range as a rare occurrence. Nevertheless, unless formally evaluated, it is not clear, what is the degree of performance degradation in the presence of non-unique tag IDs . We evaluate the behavior of Basic Frame Slotted ALOHA (BFSA) collision resolution for an RFID system using OPNET Modeler 14.5 as both simulation, as well as, analytical results visualization platform. The system is built assuming muting of tags by the reader and contains a mix of unique and non-unique tag IDs. Our findings are compared with results obtained from the evaluation of a similar model for a system consisting solely of unique tag IDs . The comparison of total census delay and throughput under variable frame sizes showed an increase in total census delay with an increase in number of tags and a decrease in network throughput with increase in the number of tags for the system allowing non-unique IDs.
Abstract 3414: Identifying dysregulated lncRNAs and miRNAs in low grade glioma: Uncovering signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets

A molecular subtype of low grade gliomas (LGG) is characterized by mutations in Alpha-Thalassemia Mental Retardation X-linked (ATRX), TP53 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1R132H, mIDH1). Our lab has generated a genetically engineered mouse model that harbors the characteristic genetic lesions found in this molecular subtype of LGG. We determined that mouse neurospheres (NS) bearing these mutations showed downregulation of signaling pathways involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation. The production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) by mIDH1 induces histone and DNA hypermethylation, which has been shown to impair neural precursor cells’ differentiation. We aim to investigate how the presence of mIDH1 impacts the epigenetic regulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs in human mutant IDH1 glioma cell cultures obtained from patients at the time of surgery. We hypothesize that the dysregulation/remodeling of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs contributes to the invasiveness, differentiation status and stemness of glioma cells. Only a handful of lncRNAs have been studied in relation to their role in neural cells’ lineage commitment and glioma stem cells’ biology. We identified 127 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA (FDR SC is supported by the T32 Cancer Biology Training Grant, the work is supported by grants from NIH/NINDS to MGC and PRL. Citation Format: Stephen Carney, Felipe Nunez, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro. Identifying dysregulated lncRNAs and miRNAs in low grade glioma: Uncovering signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3414.
Anatomy and Normal Histology of the Prostate Pertinent to Biopsy Interpretation

In an adult man without significant prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate gland is shaped like an inverted cone and weighs 30–40 g. It is located within the pelvis, with its base proximally at the bladder neck and its apex distally at the urogenital diaphragm. It lies anterior to the rectum, with the urethra running through its center and serving as an important reference landmark. Therefore, the prostate is amenable to transrectal needle biopsy and transurethral resection. Anatomically, it comprises three zones with different volume, histology, and disease preference.
Strategies of Unloading the Failing Heart from Metabolic Stress.

Abstract We propose a unifying perspective of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The reasoning is as follows: cellular responses to fuel overload include dysregulated insulin signaling, impaired mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species formation, and the accumulation of certain metabolites, collectively termed glucolipotoxicity. As a consequence, cardiac function is impaired, with intracellular calcium cycling and diastolic dysfunction as an early manifestation. In this setting, increasing glucose uptake by insulin or insulin sensitizing agents only worsens the disrupted fuel homeostasis of the heart. Conversely, restricting fuel supply by means of caloric restriction, surgical intervention, or certain pharmacologic agents will improve cardiac function by restoring metabolic homeostasis. The concept is borne out by clinical interventions, all of which unload the heart from metabolic stress.
A tale of two unions: divergent platforms and their constituencies

The median voter theorem has regularly been used in economics to represent the behaviour of teachers unions. Little empirical work, however, tests whether this framework is a good fit for teachers ...
One-Dimensional Infiltration into Homogeneous Soil

Semi-logarithmic equations of infiltration rate and accumulative infiltration related to the soil properties and infiltration time are developed. Graphical solutions for these equations are presented in two coaxial charts and examples of application given. Laboratory data from different sources were used to compute the values of the soil properties assumed to be constant in homogeneous soils using the developed equations. The results of these computations support such assumptions. The validity of using an empirical exponential equation to represent infiltration rate or accumulative infiltration has been examined. It is recommended that the time interval for which the empirical expression is valid should be indicated and should not be exceeded when applied practically.
Examining middle school students’ knowledge and beliefs about earthquake and tsunami

This study examined middle school students’ knowledge and beliefs about earthquake and tsunami through a multidimensional perspective of conceptual change theory. Four related constructs of concept...
Adapting the Electron Beam from SEM as a Quantitative Heating Source for Nanoscale Thermal Metrology

The electron beam (e-beam) in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides an appealing mobile heating source for thermal metrology with spatial resolution of ∼1 nm, but the lack of systematic quantification of the e-beam heating power limits such application development. Here, we systemically study e-beam heating in LPCVD silicon nitride (SiNx) thin-films with thickness ranging from 200 to 500 nm from both experiments and complementary Monte Carlo simulations using the CASINO software package. There is good agreement about the thickness-dependent e-beam energy absorption of thin-film between modeling predictions and experiments. Using the absorption results, we then demonstrate adapting the e-beam as a quantitative heating source by measuring the thickness-dependent thermal conductivity of SiNx thin-films, with the results validated to within 7% by a separate Joule heating experiment. The results described here will open a new avenue for using SEM e-beams as a mobile heating source for advanced nanoscale thermal metrology development.
Dysregulation of the Retromer Complex System in Down Syndrome

Objective Most of the patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology by age 40. Although this increased susceptibility to AD in DS is thought to be primarily due to triplication of the amyloid precursor protein located on chromosome 21, the precise molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recent evidence has implicated defective protein sorting and trafficking secondary to deficiencies in retromer complex proteins in AD pathogenesis. Thus, the objective of the present study is to assess the retromer complex system in DS. Methods Human postmortem brain tissue and fibroblasts from subjects with DS and healthy controls were examined for the various retromer protein components using Western blot analysis and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Retromer recognition core proteins were significantly decreased in DS fibroblasts, and in both the hippocampi and cortices of young (age 15-40 years old) and aged (40-65 years old) subjects with DS compared with controls. Correlation analyses showed a significant inverse relationship between recognition core proteins and levels of soluble forms of Aβ 1-40 and 1-42 in both hippocampus (n = 33, Spearman = -0.59 to -0.38, p ≤ 0.03 for VPS35, VPS26, VPS29, and VPS26B) and cortex tissue (n = 57, Spearman = -0.46 to -0.27, p ≤ 0.04 for VPS35, VPS26, and VPS29) of the same patients. Interpretation We conclude that dysregulation of the retromer complex system is an early event in the development of the AD-like pathology and cognitive decline in DS, and for this reason the system could represent a novel potential therapeutic target for DS. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:137-147.
Development of a school of nursing rubric

Rubrics have been used as guides to establish and communicate standards to students when developing a paper or project. The standards set by the rubric assure course objectives are met and nursing standards of practice are integrated. This article will detail the necessary components of the rubric for written nursing assignments, both didactic and clinical. In addition, the importance of using rubrics will be emphasized. The issues associated with developing and utilizing rubrics in nursing education will be described and discussed. The development of a specific school of nursing rubric will be detailed.