cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rocket flight simulation based on multi-body dynamics method

The rocket flight simulation is a very complicated academic and technological problem because the flight process is accompanied with the change of mass,mass center change,inertia moment and the adjustment of control force. A multi-body dynamics simulation model for rocket flight is established using Adams. A 3D model of the rocket bodies is built firstly and some subroutines and functions are developed,in which the simulation process control subroutine,mass change subroutine,control force subroutine and aero-dynamic function are included. The flight simulation platform is built and the simulation results show that the change of mass,mass center change,acceleration are reasonably. Finally the key features are validated by some theoretical calculation data.
Model of Rolling Procurement Strategy Considering the Uncertainty of Raw Material Price

For the raw material procurement problem considering the uncertain of raw material price,the basic idea of the rolling procurement strategy is first described.Then,with respect to each procurement point in the planning period of raw material procurement,a multi-stage optimization procurement model is constructed based on the results of the raw material price forecasting on the future different procurement points.The objective of the model is to minimize the total cost on the raw material procurement during the planning period,which consists of material cost,inventory cost and procurement cost.Furthermore,by solving the optimization procurement model,the optimal order on the current procurement ordering point can be determined.Through the case study on the raw material nickel procurement in Company B,the feasibility and effectiveness of the raw material procurement model given in this paper are illustrated.
The Facial Growth Pattern and the Amount of Palatal Bone Deficiency Relative to Cleft Size Should Be Considered in Treatment Planning.

Background The aim of this study is to determine the best surgical/orthodontic treatment plan for the complete bilateral and unilateral cleft lip and palate patient to achieve all treatment goals of facial aesthetics, speech, dental function, and psychosocial development. Methods Review of 40 years of serial complete bilateral cleft lip and palate and complete unilateral cleft lip and palate dental casts and photographs from birth to adolescence, with serial cephs starting at 4 years. This was part of a multicenter international 3-dimensional palatal growth study of serial dental casts of patients who developed good speech, occlusion, and facial growth. Results Nasoalveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty were introduced without proven longitudinal benefits. The procedure bodily retruded the premaxilla, which "telescoped" backward causing synostosis at the premaxillary vomerine suture. The resulting midfacial recessiveness with an anterior dental crossbite can only be corrected by midfacial protraction or a Le Fort I surgery. Conclusions Staged orthodontic/surgical treatment limiting premaxillary retraction forces to lip adhesion or forces that cause only premaxillary ventroflexion produce the best results. The palatal cleft should be closed between 18 and 24 months when the ratio of the cleft to the palatal size medial to the alveolar ridge is at least 10%. The protruding premaxilla should only be ventroflexed but never bodily retruded. The facial growth pattern and degree of palatal bone deficiency are the main items to be considered in treatment planning.
Clomiphene Citrate in the Management of Male Hypofertility: Predictors for Treatment Selection*

All males treated with long-term, low-dose clomiphene citrate retrospectively were categorized as having pregerminal, primary germinal, or postgerminal hypofertility and their response to treatment was observed. Among couples in which no female factor could be identified and the husband was categorized as demonstrating pregerminal hypofertility, a pregnancy rate of 42% was established after treatment.
Licensing veterinary biologics in the United States.

The authority for the regulation of veterinary biologics in the United States is provided in the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act, enacted in 1913 and amended in 1985. The Act authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to prescribe regulations governing the preparation and marketing of veterinary biologics shipped into, within, or from the United States. The veterinary biologics program carries out the mandate to ensure that all veterinary biological products under the U.S. jurisdiction are pure, safe, potent, and efficacious. The program is based on licensing, inspection, and testing. Establishment licensing defines the production facilities, manufacturing practices, and the responsible person. Product licensing defines the product, the method of production, and testing requirements; it also assures product purity, safety, potency, and efficacy. Biologics production is based on the Master Seed concept, in which a master parental stock is the source of all seed materials for production. The final product may not be more than five serial passages removed from the Master Seed. Host animal immunogenicity is demonstrated by statistically valid host animal vaccination and challenge studies using the minimum level of antigen at the highest level of passage. Potency tests are correlated to host animal immunogenicity and are conducted on each serial of product prior to release for marketing to assure efficacy. Conditional licensing procedures that assure purity, safety and a reasonable expectation of efficacy are used to provide products for emergency conditions, limited markets, local situations, or other special circumstances. Licensing for further manufacturing permits two or more licensees to work together in the production of a product.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Some Remarks on the Theory of Critical Branching Random Walk

We give a brief review of the ergodic theory of critical branching random walk, and summarize some new work that extends this theory.
The quantum moment

Quantum mechanics, says Robert P Crease, has finally acquired as much cultural influence as Newtonian mechanics, though via a very different path.
Abstract 516: Strain-Specific Differences in Transcriptome Regulation by Cholesterol Loading in Macrophages from AKR and DBA/2 ApoE-Deficient Mice

Background: Macrophages are a key cell type in atherogenesis as upon cholesterol loading they become foam cells in the arterial intima that provide the earliest histological evidence of atherosclerosis. Thus, atherosclerosis can be viewed as a disease caused by a combination of elevated cholesterol and inflammation. Methods and Results: We studied the cholesterol loading response of apoE -/- macrophages from atherosclerosis resistant (AKR) and atherosclerosis susceptible (DBA/2) strains. Bone marrow macrophages (BMM) from male and female mice were treated ex vivo with or without AcLDL and whole genome transcriptome data was obtained using Illumina expression microarrays. Transcriptome data were analyzed in gender-specific and combined manners using the Limma R package. Probe data were fitted to a linear model with strain, gender, and cholesterol loading as additive variables to delineate the strain:loading interaction effect. We identified 790 transcripts with a significant strain:loading interaction effect, suggesting that the response to AcLDL was altered in BMM between the two strains. For example the Cd274 gene was up regulated by cholesterol loading in AKR, while down regulated in DBA/2 (p=1.4E-09). Gene enrichment analysis was performed using the Romer R package. The strain:loading differentially regulated transcripts were found to be significantly enriched in sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-motif-containing genes, which contain binding sites for the SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c transcription factors within 1000 bp of their transcription start site. Nuclear SREBP was found abundantly only in unloaded cells from both strains. The SREBP-motif-containing geneset was significantly enriched in transcripts that were down-regulated in loaded DBA/2 BMM relative to the other samples. We also identified many SREBP-motif associated genes that were up regulated upon cholesterol loading, suggesting a novel function for SREBP as a transcriptional repressor in unloaded macrophages. Conclusions: Transcriptome profiling can yield insights into strain differences in cholesterol loading and atherosclerosis susceptibility. The SREBP pathway may be alternatively regulated in atherosclerosis resistant and susceptible strains.
Two-dimensional sparse arrays with hole-free coarray and reduced mutual coupling

Two-dimensional sparse arrays with hole-free difference coarrays, like billboard arrays and open box arrays, can identify O(N2) uncorrelated source directions (DOA) using N sensors. These arrays contain some dense ULA segments, leading to many sensor pairs separated by λ/2. The DOA estimation performance often suffers degradation due to mutual coupling between such closely-spaced sensor pairs. This paper introduces a new 2D array called the half open box array. For a given N, this array has the same hole-free coarray as an open box array. At the same time, the number of sensor pairs with small separation is significantly reduced.1
Making Right Decisions Based on Wrong Opinions

We revisit the classic problem of designing voting rules that aggregate objective opinions, in a setting where voters have noisy estimates of a true ranking of the alternatives. Previous work has replaced structural assumptions on the noise with a worst-case approach that aims to choose an outcome that minimizes the maximum error with respect to any feasible true ranking. This approach underlies algorithms that have recently been deployed on the social choice website RoboVote.org. We take a less conservative viewpoint by minimizing the average error with respect to the set of feasible ground truth rankings. We derive (mostly sharp) analytical bounds on the expected error and establish the practical benefits of our approach through experiments.
Rates of and Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Events in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy.

Background To better monitor patients on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), we need an improved understanding of risk factors for and timing of OPAT-associated adverse drug events (ADEs). Methods We analyzed a prospective cohort of patients on OPAT discharged from 2 academic medical centers. Patients underwent chart abstraction and a telephone survey. Multivariable analyses estimated adjusted incident rate ratios (aIRR) between clinical and demographic risk factors and clinician-determined clinically significant ADEs. Descriptive data were used to present patient-reported ADEs. Results Of 339 patients enrolled in the study, 18.0% experienced an ADE (N = 65), of which 49 were significant (14.5%, 2.24/1000 home-OPAT days). Patients with longer courses of therapy had lower rates of ADEs compared with patients treated for 0-13 days (14-27 days: aIRR, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.99; at least 28 days: aIRR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.056-0.21). Risk factors for ADEs included female gender and receipt of daptomycin or vancomycin, while treatment for uncomplicated bacteremia and empiric treatment were associated with lower rates of ADEs. Conclusions OPAT-related ADEs were common and often occurred within 2 weeks of hospital discharge. Patients on OPAT should be monitored more closely for ADEs, including clinical assessment and laboratory monitoring, especially within the first weeks after hospital discharge and particularly among women and patients who receive vancomycin.
Chapter 23 – Knowledge Element Machine Design: Pathways of Knowledge in Machines

Chapter Summary Knowledge elements are as universal as life itself that revolves around knowing enough to get by, modify, enhance, and improve it. Life without any knowledge is dead as knowledge without life. The varieties of such knowledge elements that make up segments and fraction of life are as profuse as the diversity of the rhythms of life and of life forms. In fact, there is no life without embedded knowledge to continue and supply the essentials of living. Conversely, there is no knowledge without life forms to support its continuum of change and adaptation. Symbiotic as they are, the interdependency prevails since the beginning of life and the origin of knowledge. The evolution of species is founded on the increasing complexity of kels that perpetuate knowledge to constitute new species of knowledge and knowledge of species. The knowledge enhanced to gratify the needs for the incremental change in the species is time-dependent statistical occurrence. The change may be microscopic or cataclysmic. Change and adaptation are both essential. All forms of life abide by the law that knowledge and life are in deepest harmony just to keep living. After Darwin, we have realized that time to evolve flows through the process of neural adaptation to learn to be the fittest to survive. Knowledge to live by and life to enhance the genetic code are the two chromosomes in the womb of humankind. In the more evolved species, the complexity of kels and their structure both reach astounding levels of complexity and connectivity, perhaps reaching their highest peaks in human beings. In the other species, the complexity is tailored to suit their own form of life and its needs with three (physiological, safety, and reproductive) lower level needs. By process of trial and error, they learn to be optimal in the expenditure of time and energy to learn the adaptation. In humans with higher levels of needs [1] and a higher level of comprehension, the dynamic movement of kels becomes scientific and almost mathematical process. In this chapter, we propose a mechanism for the pathways of knowledge in the society and for the graphs for solving complex problems.
Promoter free allylation of trichloroacetimidates with allyltributylstannanes under thermal conditions to access the common 1,1′-diarylbutyl pharmacophore

1,1′-Diarylbutyl groups are a common pharmacophore found in many biologically active small molecules. To access these systems under mild conditions, the reaction of diarylmethyl trichloroacetimidates with allyltributylstannanes was explored. Simply heating allyltributylstannane with the trichloroacetimidate resulted in substitution of the imidate with an allyl group. Unlike other methods used to access these systems, no strong base, transition metal catalyst, Bronsted acid or Lewis acid promoter was required to affect the transformation. Conversions are best with electron rich benzylic trichloroacetimidate systems, where excellent yields are achieved just by refluxing the reactants together in nitromethane.
Limonoids, Quassinoids, and Related Compounds

Two major groups of metabolically altered triterpenes, the limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids) and the quassinoids (decanortriterpenoids) are derived from euphol (1) (Fig. 25.1) or tirucallol (2) (Fig. 25.2). To date, these compounds are restricted in distribution to the Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Cneora-ceae, Simaroubaceae, and, perhaps, the Burseraceae (Connolly and Hill, 1991), and occur variously in seeds, fruits, and wood of plants of these families. In general, the limonoid and quassinoid content of leaves has not been examined (Taylor, 1983).
Müller Cell Transduction by AAV2 in Normal and Degenerative Retinas

Gene therapy for retinal diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years (see review, Bennett and Maguire, 2000). Among various gene delivery systems, viral vectors such as adenovirus (Ad), adeno-associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus appear to be the most efficient vehicles for gene transfer. In comparison to the Ad and lentivirus, AAV offers several advantages, including nonpathogenicity, minimal immuogenicity, and stable transgene expression in a wide host range (Flotte and Carter, 1995; Bennett et al., 1999; Anand et al., 2000
Appraisal and Current Considerations of Robotics in Colon and Rectal Surgery

Abstract Background: Robotic technology aims to obviate some of the limitations of conventional laparoscopic surgery, yet the role of robotics in colorectal surgery is still largely undefined and v...
KDM5B Promotes Drug Resistance by Regulating Melanoma-Propagating Cell Subpopulations.

Tumor heterogeneity is a major challenge for cancer treatment, especially due to the presence of various subpopulations with stem cell or progenitor cell properties. In mouse melanomas, both CD34+p75- (CD34+) and CD34-p75- (CD34-) tumor subpopulations were characterized as melanoma-propagating cells (MPC) that exhibit some of those key features. However, these two subpopulations differ from each other in tumorigenic potential, ability to recapitulate heterogeneity, and chemoresistance. In this study, we demonstrate that CD34+ and CD34- subpopulations carrying the BRAFV600E mutation confer differential sensitivity to targeted BRAF inhibition. Through elevated KDM5B expression, melanoma cells shift toward a more drug-tolerant, CD34- state upon exposure to BRAF inhibitor or combined BRAF inhibitor and MEK inhibitor treatment. KDM5B loss or inhibition shifts melanoma cells to the more BRAF inhibitor-sensitive CD34+ state. These results support that KDM5B is a critical epigenetic regulator that governs the transition of key MPC subpopulations with distinct drug sensitivity. This study also emphasizes the importance of continuing to advance our understanding of intratumor heterogeneity and ultimately develop novel therapeutics by altering the heterogeneous characteristics of melanoma.
Electrostatic Origin of Element Selectivity during Rare Earth Adsorption

Rare earths, which are fundamental components of modern technologies, are often extracted from aqueous solutions using surfactants at oil-water interfaces. Heavier lanthanides are more easily extracted, even though all lanthanides are chemically very similar. Using x-ray fluorescence measurements and theoretical arguments, we show that there is a sharp bulk-concentration-dependent transition in the interfacial adsorption of cations from aqueous solutions containing Er^{3+} or Nd^{3+} in contact with a floating monolayer. The threshold bulk concentration of erbium (Z=68) is an order of magnitude lower than that of neodymium (Z=60), and erbium is preferentially adsorbed when the solution contains both ions. This implies that elemental selectivity during separation originates at the surfactant interface. Electrostatic effects arising from the interface dielectric mismatch, ionic correlations, and sizes of the ions explain the sharp adsorption curve and selectivity.
Seven Million and Counting: Systems-Level Consultation for Students of LGBTQ+ Families.

ABSTRACTApproximately seven million students are being raised by LGBTQ+ parents. Marriage equality may prompt more LGBTQ+ families to “come out” to their children’s schools. This has implications f...
Studies on sex-organ development. Changes in chemical composition and oestradiol-binding capacity in chromatin during the differentiation of chick Müllerian ducts

Biochemical and immunochemical techniques were used to probe the changes in composition of the chromatin of differentiating Mullerian ducts. The non-histone protein increases gradually in the left duct and reaches a constant amount at day 15 of incubation, then remains at the same value until after birth. In the regressing right duct, the non-histone protein increases and then decreases. Gel electrophoresis indicated an increased heterogeneity in the composition of the non-histone protein corresponding to Mullerian-duct differentiation. Little variation in quantity and quality of the histone was observed; however, immunochemical assay confirmed the structural change of Mullerian-duct chromatin during development. An antibody against the chromatin of the newborn-chick oviduct was produced in the rabbit. The chromatin of Mullerian ducts from the early embryonic stage showed a small affinity with the antibody; the affinity increased during the late embryonic stages. The affinity was greatly decreased in the regressing right duct. Oestrogen-binding sites were present in the chromatin of the left and right Mullerian ducts during differentiation, with more sites in the left duct than in the right one during the late stages of development. After oestrogen treatment in vivo, the oestrogen-binding sites on the chromatin of both the left and the right ducts were increased, with a greater increase in the left duct than in the right. In the developing left duct the binding sites reach a maximum on day 15 of incubation, and remain constant at that value until birth.
Central cardiovascular hemodynamic response to unilateral handgrip exercise with blood flow restriction

Exercise training with blood flow restriction (BFR) increases muscle size and strength. However, there is limited investigation into the effects of BFR on cardiovascular health, particularly central hemodynamic load. To determine the effects of BFR exercise on central hemodynamic load (heart rate—HR, central pressures, arterial wave reflection, and aortic stiffness). Fifteen males (age = 25 ± 2 years; BMI = 27 ± 2 kg/m2, handgrip max voluntary contraction-MVC = 50 ± 2 kg) underwent 5-min bouts (counter-balanced, 10 min rest between) of rhythmic unilateral handgrip (1 s squeeze, 2 s relax) performed with a moderate-load (60% MVC) with and without BFR (i.e., 71 ± 5% arterial inflow flow reduction, assessed via Doppler ultrasound), and also with a low-load (40% MVC) with BFR. Outcomes included HR, central mean arterial pressure (cMAP), arterial wave reflection (augmentation index, AIx; wave reflection magnitude, RM%), aortic arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, aPWV), and peripheral (vastus lateralis) microcirculatory response (tissue saturation index, TSI%). HR increased above baseline and time control for all handgrip bouts, but was similar between the moderate load with and without BFR conditions (moderate-load with BFR = + 9 ± 2; moderate-load without BFR = + 8 ± 2 bpm, p 0.05) for any testing stage. TSI% increased during the moderate-load conditions (p = 0.01), and aPWV increased above baseline following moderate-load handgrip with BFR only (p = 0.012). Combined with BFR, moderate load handgrip training with BFR does not significantly augment central hemodynamic load during handgrip exercise in young healthy men.
Beyond Fusion: The Application of Fusion-Based Microwave Technology to Other Industries

Technology developed in the pursuit of fusion energy has had an impact in many other industries. The requirements being met by advanced microwave and millimeter wave components for fusion applications can open up whole new areas in emerging industries. For plasma heating, microwave components such as waveguide, switches, and polarizers, are being built which can withstand megawatts of sustained power at frequencies up to 170 GHz. In microwave-based diagnostics for fusion systems, enormous frequency bandwidths such as 35–170 GHz are possible for transmission lines at very high propagation efficiency (<% loss over 100 m). The techniques and materials being developed for these systems are transferrable to other microwave-based applications.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Synchrophasor Network Traffic

In this paper, the k-means algorithm is applied to IEEE C37.118.2 synchrophasor network traffic data to model the expected packet features under normal operating conditions. Once the model is trained, anomalies in the data are introduced using packet manipulation and packet injection. Anomalies in this research are defined as any packets in the network traffic from an unknown IP address, irregularities in the byte length of the synchrophasor data, or any packet with a network latency longer than is characteristic of the network. The trained model detects these simulated anomalies by assigning each test packet to a trained cluster centroid and determining if the distortion of the test packet qualifies it as an anomaly. This paper describes the problems and opportunities that arise from smart grid technologies, why using machine learning for anomaly detection is essential in control system environments, and how the model is developed to detect anomalies.
iNaturalist as an engaging tool for identifying organisms in outdoor activities

We evaluated an emerging smartphone application, iNaturalist, to increase taxonomic identification and engage first-year undergraduate biology majors in outdoor laboratories of aquatic ecosystems (...
Therapeutic CMP-Nonulosonates against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae deploys a unique immune evasion strategy wherein the lacto-N-neotetraose termini of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) are "capped" by a surface LOS sialyltransferase (Lst), using extracellular host-derived CMP-sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac in humans). LOS sialylation enhances complement resistance by recruiting factor H (FH; alternative complement pathway inhibitor) and also by limiting classical pathway activation. Sialylated LOS also engages inhibitory Siglecs on host leukocytes, dampening innate immunity. Previously, we showed that analogues of CMP-sialic acids (CMP-nonulosonates [CMP-NulOs]), such as CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 and CMP-Neu5Ac9N3, are also substrates for Lst. Incorporation of Leg5,7Ac2 and Neu5Ac9N3 into LOS results in N. gonorrhoeae being fully serum sensitive. Importantly, intravaginal administration of CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 attenuated N. gonorrhoeae colonization of mouse vaginas. In this study, we characterize and develop additional candidate therapeutic CMP-NulOs. CMP-ketodeoxynonulosonate (CMP-Kdn) and CMP-Kdn7N3, but not CMP-Neu4,5Ac2, were substrates for Lst, further elucidating gonococcal Lst specificity. Lacto-N-neotetraose LOS capped with Kdn and Kdn7N3 bound FH to levels ∼60% of that seen with Neu5Ac and enabled gonococci to resist low (3.3%) but not higher (10%) concentrations of human complement. CMP-Kdn, CMP-Neu5Ac9N3, and CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 administered intravaginally (10 μg/d) to N. gonorrhoeae-colonized mice were equally efficacious. Of the three CMP-NulOs above, CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 was the most pH and temperature stable. In addition, Leg5,7Ac2-fed human cells did not display this NulO on their surface. Moreover, CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 was efficacious against several multidrug-resistant gonococci in mice with a humanized sialome (Cmah-/- mice) or humanized complement system (FH/C4b-binding protein transgenic mice). CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 and CMP-Kdn remain viable leads as topical preventive/therapeutic agents against the global threat of multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae.
Aurora B phosphorylates Bub1 to promote spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires amphitelic attachment of each chromosome to the spindle apparatus. This is ensured by the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) [1], which delays anaphase onset in response to unattached chromosomes, and an error correction mechanism, which eliminates syntelic chromosome attachments [2]. The SAC is activated by the Mps1 kinase. Mps1 sequentially phosphorylates the kinetochore protein Spc105/KNL1 to license the recruitment of several signaling proteins including Bub1. These proteins produce the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC), which delays anaphase onset [3-8]. The error correction mechanism is regulated by the Aurora B kinase, which phosphorylates the microtubule-binding interface of the kinetochore. Aurora B is also known to promote SAC signaling indirectly [9-12]. Here we present evidence that Aurora B kinase activity directly promotes MCC production in budding yeast and human cells. Using the ectopic SAC activation (eSAC) system, we find that the conditional dimerization of Aurora B (or an Aurora B recruitment domain) with either Bub1 or Mad1, but not the MELT motifs in Spc105/KNL1, leads to a SAC-mediated mitotic arrest [13-16]. Importantly, ectopic MCC production driven by Aurora B requires the ability of Bub1 to bind both Mad1 and Cdc20. These and other data show that Aurora B cooperates with Bub1 to promote MCC production only after Mps1 licenses Bub1 recruitment to the kinetochore. This direct involvement of Aurora B in SAC signaling is likely important for syntelically attached sister kinetochores that must delay anaphase onset in spite of reduced Mps1 activity due to their end-on microtubule attachment.
Using Simulation to Enhance Nurse Practitioner Students Cultural Sensitivity, Communication, and Empathy with Vulnerable Populations

Abstract Background Hispanics in the United States are disproportionately impacted by disparities that negatively impact their health. This project sought to enhance cultural sensitivity, communication, and empathy in nurse practitioner (NP) students through a standardized patient (SP) simulation- based learning experience (SBLE). Methods A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the use of a SP-SBLE on NP student empathy, communication, and cultural competence. Results The SP-SBLE facilitated NP awareness, empathy, and readiness for practice with Hispanic patients with limited English proficiency. Conclusion This project provides support for the use of simulation as an effective strategy enhancing learning in NP programs.
RegulaTor: A Straightforward Website Fingerprinting Defense

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks are used by local passive attackers to determine the destination of encrypted internet traffic by comparing the sequences of packets sent to and received by the user to a previously recorded data set. As a result, WF attacks are of particular concern to privacy-enhancing technologies such as Tor. In response, a variety of WF defenses have been developed, though they tend to incur high bandwidth and latency overhead or require additional infrastructure, thus making them difficult to implement in practice. Some lighter-weight defenses have been presented as well; still, they attain only moderate effectiveness against recently published WF attacks. In this paper, we aim to present a realistic and novel defense, RegulaTor, which takes advantage of common patterns in web browsing traffic to reduce both defense overhead and the accuracy of current WF attacks. In the closed-world setting, RegulaTor reduces the accuracy of the state-of-the-art attack, Tik-Tok, against comparable defenses from 66% to 25.4%. To achieve this performance, it requires limited added latency and a bandwidth overhead 39.1% less than the leading moderate-overhead defense. In the open-world setting, RegulaTor limits a precision-tuned Tik-Tok attack to an F-score of .135, compared to .625 for the best comparable defense.
Organizational learning during COVID-19: A qualitative study of nurses' experiences.

AIM: The aim of this study is to test the validity of the Organizational Learning in Hospitals model in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: Organizational learning is especially crucial in circumstances of intense, complex, enduring change, as with the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse managers need additional guidance for fostering organizational learning under such circumstances. The Organizational Learning in Hospitals model may be a helpful resource but requires additional validation. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather 19 nurses' first-hand experiences of organizational learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Nurses' experiences of organizational learning generally aligned with the tenets of the model. Specifically, effective organizational learning occurred when the contextual factors and mechanisms portrayed in the model converged. Model and contrary cases illustrate this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: This study validates and adds context to the model. It offers practical examples of the contextual factors and mechanisms of organizational learning. Leaders can use the model to guide their efforts to foster organizational learning. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This study reaffirms the importance of nurse leaders' central role in organizational learning. Nurse leaders can use the Organizational Learning in Hospitals model, and the practical examples provided, to foster organizational learning during challenging times.
The Microscopical Properties of Fibers

Fibers are unique units(1) of biological tissues, mineral habits, and spinning processes. Examples are muscle and nerve fibers, wool, cotton, linen, natural silk, natural and regenerated cellulose, asbestos, fine wire, spun silicate glass, and man-made polymeric fibers. While they vary widely in chemical nature, fibers are physically alike in being very much longer than they are wide,(2) very strong for their small cross sections, and optically anisotropic. The kind and extent of optical anisot-ropy vary greatly among species of fibers according to the five classes defined in Section 5.2: single or spherulitic crystals, molecular birefringence, form birefringence, and photoelastic effect. Consequently the optical properties of fibers(3,4) are discussed separately from crystals.(5,6) Fibers do not display crystal faces, so there are fewer optical properties to be observed. Furthermore, variations in composition and treatment(7) produce variations in the optical values of a given species of fiber,(3) whereas constant values are the rule for a definite species of crystal.(5,6)
Matrix plasminogen activator inhibitor. Modulation of the extracellular proteolytic environment.

We have previously demonstrated that plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is associated with the extracellular matrix of cultured bovine smooth muscle cells (Knudsen, B.S., Harpel, P.C., Nachman, R.L. (1987) J. Clin. Invest. 80, 1082-1089). In this report we describe the physiologic role of PAI-1 during the interaction of the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) secreting Bowes human melanoma cell line with endothelial extracellular matrices. In addition we have characterized the t-PA.PAI complexes formed during this interaction in the presence and absence of plasminogen. In the absence of plasminogen, a 104-kDa complex between Bowes t-PA and PAI-1 appears in the supernatant. In the presence of plasminogen, PAI initially prevents plasmin formation on the matrix and protects the matrix from degradation by plasmin. The 104-kDa t-PA.PAI complex is degraded into a 68 and a 47-kDa complex by small amounts of plasmin generated from secreted Bowes t-PA and plasminogen. Analysis of these complexes revealed that t-PA is rapidly cleaved by plasmin within the complex whereas complexed PAI-1 is not further degraded. Matrix-associated PAI-1 may play an important role in the protection of extracellular matrices from remodeling and degradation by cellular t-PA and plasminogen.
Multilingual Bibliography of (Text)Books in Comparative Literature, World Literature(s), and Comparative Cultural Studies

The Library Series of the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access quarterly in the humanities and the social sciences CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture publishes scholarship in the humanities and social sciences following tenets of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of cultural studies designated as "comparative cultural studies." Publications in the CLCWeb Library Series are 1) articles, 2) books, 3) bibliographies, 4) resources, and 5) documents. Contact:
Difficulties in Determining Snowpack Sublimation in Complex Terrain at the Macroscale

In many mountainous regions, snowmelt is an essential component of water resources and ecosystem function and snow sublimation often leads to water loss from the given drainage basin. Previous investigators have developed numerous modeling and measurement techniques to quantify sublimation, illustrating high variability over short distances. The complexities of modeling and measuring sublimation limit investigations to smaller scales in complex terrain and therefore the effects that microscale controls on sublimation have at the macroscale are not well understood. A key component of microscale variability, vegetation cover, can change on short time scales relative to other components (e.g., slope, aspect, and elevation) in response to natural and anthropogenic influences such as land use practice, drought, wildfire, insect infestation, and climate change. Basic vegetation-sublimation relationships may vary within a given drainage basin, by climate type, seasonally, and interannually. It is therefore particularly important to advance understanding of vegetation effects on sublimation at the macroscale.
Effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation.

Article synthese concernant les effets des ionophores, en particulier la monensine, sur l'ecologie, sur le metabolisme microbien, et la physiologie membranaire de la flore microbienne des ruminants
Properties of an Acidic Histone-binding Protein Fraction from Cell Nuclei SELECTIVE PRECIPITATION AND DEACETYLATION OF HISTONES F2A1 AND F3

Abstract Calf thymus nuclei contain a histone-binding protein which specifically deacetylates histone Fractions F2A1 and F3 by a hydrolytic cleavage of e-N-acetyllysyl residues. The protein has been purified over 500-fold by a combination of exclusion chromatography and isoelectric focusing techniques. It is acidic, as judged by its amino acid composition, and by its isoelectric point (pH 4.5). The protein contains tryptophan and is phosphorylated. Its molecular weight is estimated at 150,000 to 160,000. Histone-binding studies show that the isolated acidic protein selectively precipitates Histones F2A1 and F3, both of which are substrates for the deacetylase activity. The isolated phosphoprotein attaches to chromatin fractions in vitro.
Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation in Disability Research and Policy

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) has been used to provide descriptive estimates of the health and disability status of the U.S. population. Comparisons are drawn between SIPP estimates and independent estimates of disability including data from Canada and Britain which shows evidence of the reliability and weaknesses of certain measurements. SIPP is found to substantially underestimate participation in special education programs and fails to measure enrollment of children with disabilities in SS!. It is found that at least 1 million adults with severe functional limitations who are unable to work receive no Social Security disability benefits. It is argued that SIPP could be employed more effectively to see why this situation occurs and to more effectively examine the adequacy of benefits provided to persons with work disabilities. SIPP also provides a unique resource for studying changes in disability status and their socioeconomic impact which has been underutilized. Several recommendations for improving SIPP are provided.
Menopause and Cancers

Cancer is a disease of aging, and therefore is more prevalent after menopause. Menopausal symptoms resulting from cancer treatments are an important survivorship issue in cancer care. This article reviews the preventive strategies, utilization of health resources, and management of menopausal symptoms after cancer treatment. Preventive screening as informed by genetic and lifestyle risk, and lifestyle modification, may mitigate the risk of cancer and cancer mortality. Despite potential benefits to quality of life, hormone replacement is rarely prescribed to survivors of gynecologic malignancies. Special considerations are needed for the treatment and supportive care of menopausal symptoms in cancer survivors.
Processing of wireless signals to preserve wireline network resources

In order increase the capacity in the wireless domain, the signals from several distributed receivers may be combined. The combining of these signals typically requires transmission over a wireline network. In the wireline domain, signals may be transmitted to a single centralized processing node or may be processed in a distributed fashion at several nodes in the network. We compare, for white Gaussian noise channels, the capacity gains that can be obtained from distributed processing of wireline signals to the capacity gains obtained using maximum likelihood ratio combining at a single processing node. We find that, by using optimal detection techniques, the bandwidth requirements in the wireline domain can be significantly reduced without reducing the capacity in the wireless domain. These gains in capacity are achieved by eliminating transmission of redundant information in the wireline network.
The Hidden Difficulties of Watching and Rebuilding Networks

The subtleties of network protection can bedevil even experienced IT staff and security researchers. In this installment of secure systems, we focus on two areas of network defense that are particularly troublesome to manage: network intrusion recovery and ubiquitous network monitoring.
Aqueous corrosion studies of a fluorozirconate glass

Abstract The effects of aqueous corrosion on a fluorozirconate glass containing ZrF4, BaF2, AlF3, LaF3 and LiF were investigated using soaking solution analysis, infrared transmission and reflectance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The dissolution of the glass was nearly congruent. The leached surface of the glass was covered with hydroxide crystals of Zr and Ba. The outer leached layer was thick, highly hydrated and cracked while the glass below was also hydrated and cracked indicating that no protective surface layer was formed. Drying studies of leached samples showed the appearance of an infrared absorptance peak at 7 μm (1440 cm−1) caused by bridging oxygen bonds formed during dehydration.
Reconfigurable dual-band patch antenna using varactor-loaded slot

This paper introduces a new approach to design a microstrip patch antenna with reconfigurable dual band operation. Dual-band is achieved by the placement of a lumped capacitor on a slotted patch antenna, and the two resonant frequencies and their ratio are function of the capacitance value. Consequently, tuning of both frequencies is allowed by choosing proper capacitor value. If a varactor with an appropriate biasing network is used instead, electronic tuning is attained by changing the applied DC voltage. To understand the dual resonance behavior of the proposed antenna, a transmission line (TL) model with the wheeler incremental volume concept is established and validated with full wave simulation. The antenna shows 1.35–1.73 tunable frequency ratio with 0.5–1.1 pF capacitance. Moreover, the radiation patterns are similar at both bands.
Evidence of Toxoplasma gondii Exposure in Boer Goat Herds in Missouri, USA

Summary Limited data currently exist on the prevalence of Toxoplasma infections in goats in the USA. The objective of this pilot investigation was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Boer goats raised in Missouri. Sera collected from 367 Boer goats in 24 herds were tested using a commercial latex agglutination assay. Evidence of T. gondii antibodies was present in 25 of the 367 goats, with titres of 1 : 32 in 4, 1 : 64 in 11, 1 : 128 in 5, 1 : 256 in 3 and 1 : 1024 in 2. Estimates for the apparent animal-level and between-herd prevalence were 6.8% (95% CI = 4.7–9.9%) and 41.7% (95% CI = 24.5–61.2%). These results confirm that Boer goats in Missouri are exposed to T. gondii and may constitute a public health risks.
New evidence for occurrence of debris flow deposits in the deep sea

Clearly defined debris flow deposits generated by a large sediment slide or slides off the Spanish Sahara have been identified on the lower continental rise west of the Canary Islands. The debris flow traveled over a slope as low as 0.1° and a distance of several hundred kilometres. The deposits cover an area of sea floor of about 30,000 km 2 . Recognition of the debris flow deposits is based on a characteristic geometry, a distinctive acoustic character, a pebbly mudstone fabric and sharp angular contacts in piston cores, and an undulating surface morphology revealed by bottom photographs. Similar deposits are observed on the Amazon cone and the North American continental rise and in the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea. Debris flows are probably a much more important depositional process on the sea floor than was previously suspected.
Optimizing nutrition in preterm infants.

Extrauterine growth restriction is common in very preterm infants. The incidence in very-low-birth-weight infants ranges between 43% and 97% in various centers, with a wide variability due to the use of different reference growth charts and nonstandard nutritional strategies. Extrauterine growth restriction is associated with an increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Inadequate postnatal nutrition is an important factor contributing to growth failure, as most very preterm infants experience major protein and energy deficits during neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization. First-week protein and energy intake are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in very preterm infants. Early aggressive nutrition, including parenteral and enteral, is well tolerated in the very preterm infant and is effective in improving growth. Continued provision of appropriate nutrition (fortified human milk or premature formula) is important throughout the growing care during the hospitalization. After discharge, exclusively breast-fed infants require additional supplementation. If formula-fed, nutrient-enriched postdischarge formula should be continued for approximately 9 months corrected age. Supplementation of the preterm formulas with protein would increase the protein/energy ratio (3 g/100 kcal), leading to increased lean mass with relatively decreased fat deposition. Further research is required to optimize the nutritional needs of preterm infants and to evaluate the effects of nutritional interventions on long-term growth, neurodevelopment, and other health outcomes.
Life and times of a cellular bleb.

Blebs are spherical cellular protrusions that occur in many physiological situations. Two distinct phases make up the life of a bleb, each of which have their own biology and physics: expansion, which lasts ∼30 s, and retraction, which lasts ∼2 min. We investigate these phases using optical microscopy and simple theoretical concepts, seeking information on blebbing itself, and on cytomechanics in general. We show that bleb nucleation depends on pressure, membrane-cortex adhesion energy, and membrane tension, and test this experimentally. Bleb growth occurs through a combination of bulk flow of lipids and delamination from the cell cortex via the formation and propagation of tears. In extreme cases, this can give rise to a traveling wave around the cell periphery, known as “circus movement.” When growth stalls, an actin cortex reforms under the bleb membrane, and retraction starts, driven by myosin-II. Using flicker spectroscopy, we find that retracting blebs are fivefold more rigid than expanding blebs, an increase entirely explained by the properties of the newly formed cortical actin mesh. Finally, using artificially nucleated blebs as pressure sensors, we show that cells rounded up in mitosis possess a substantial intracellular pressure.
Authority and Tradition in First Century Judaism and Christianity

In first century Judaism and Christianity authority and tradition served as stability factors at a time when these communities experienced dynamic growth and internal development. Studies by cultural anthropologists of first century Mediterranean societies provide a key to understanding these stability factors. The present study focuses on such questions as how religion functioned institutionally, how Judaism and early Christian communities adaptively expressed their religious traditions, and what impact Jesus had on his followers as an authority figure. In conclusion, drawing out implications for biblical theology, it is suggested that a progressive principle of adaptability is typically at work in both Jewish and Christian communities, which shapes tradition and authority, both of which might otherwise become static and peripheral as the types of awareness and needs of the believing communities change.