cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Optimization Strategy for Enhancing thePerformance of Fund-of-Funds Portfolios

Previous research provides evidence that much of the crosssectional variation in equity returns can be explained by firm characteristics or sectors. One popular money management technique is to construct a portfolio (fund) using other managed portfolios (funds). The resulting overall portfolio is generally referred to as a fund-of-funds portfolio. This study by Larsen and Resnick demonstrates the potential for performance enhancement in a fund of funds when portfolio optimization techniques are employed on sector funds in order to construct the overall fund. Notably, ex ante optimization over sector funds that are constructed on the basis of market capitalization, price-to-earnings ratios, change in operating earnings, and book-to-market ratios demonstrates the potential for enhancing an overall equity fund performance relative to value-weighted and equal-weighted benchmark portfolios that are constructed from the population of stocks from which the sector portfolios are formed.
Sequence Organization in Interaction: The organization of preference/dispreference

We ended our initial discussion of pre-sequences with the observation that they seem largely designed to avoid various kinds of trouble in the sequence which a prospective first pair part would start. For one, the generic pre-sequence – the summons–answer sequence – is designed to avoid trouble due to non-uptake of the whole of the utterance; that is, trouble (on the addressee's part) in registering that one is being addressed, and with what. The summons–answer sequence is built and deployed to establish the availability and the alignment of the addressee as recipient for the talk about to be done – if the addressee is available for interaction or for its next increment by this speaker (and to secure that availability and recipiency, if it is problematic). Again, one main use of “pre-pre's” is to establish in advance that the addressee knows the things, persons, etc. that an imminent first pair part will make reference to, thereby contributing to the avoidance of its “failure” because of trouble in its “infrastructure” of understandability. But the most common potential trouble of a projected adjacency pair-based sequence which pre-sequences seem built to anticipate and to circumvent is rejection or disagreement, or, to use the more general term, “dispreferred responses.” It may be useful at the outset to try to sort out these terms and what we will – and will not – mean by them.
Haemonchus contortus: Enzymes: I. Isoelectric focusing of malate dehydrogenase in sucrose and in polyacrylamide gels

Abstract Soluble extracts were prepared from adult male and female Haemonchus contortus and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The initial unadsorbed fraction contained 73% of the total malate dehydrogenase activity present in the crude soluble extract. This was fractionated by isoelectric focusing using LKB Ampholine carrier ampholytes in a sucrose-density gradient column. Seven peaks of malate dehydrogenase were obtained with isoelectric points ranging from 5.9 to 9.0. In addition, six hemoglobin peaks were separated. Composites of fractions from each peak of malate dehydrogenase were then fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Aldolase, malate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin (when present) were separated from one another. Variations in the pH optimum and the pH optimum curves were noted for the various malate dehydrogenase fractions. In addition, twofold differences in the Michaelis constants were found. The maximum purification of malate dehydrogenase was 22 times compared with that of the crude soluble extract. Maximum purification of the other enzymes investigated was 11 times for aldolase, 3 times for inorganic pyrophosphatase, and 123 times for asparate aminotransferase. Isoelectric focusing experiments performed in polyacrylamide gels resolved the malate dehydrogenase into multiple bands. Polyacrylamide or starch gel electrophoretic analyses failed to give discrete bands of MDH activity.
The ferritin light‐chain homologue promoter in Aedes aegypti

Promoters that direct the expression of antipathogenic molecules to primary sites of pathogenic invasions provide a means to interfere with these invasions. Thus, they have the potential to be used in mosquito control. However, exogenous elements are known to lower the fitness of most insects, and given the ability of insects to evolve rapidly, all currently known promoters could be rendered useless. As transgenic mosquitoes may be a major component in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases, the identification of new mosquito promoters is needed. The promoter of the Aedes aegypti ferritin light-chain homologue (LCH) gene, a gene whose expression is induced in gut tissues during blood feeding has been identified and mapped. Transfection data indicate that the ferritin LCH promoter is a strong promoter. DNase I footprinting data and Transfac analyses suggest that the ferritin LCH promoter contains putative GATA, E2F, NIT2, TATA and DPE sites. These data together provide the first detailed map of a known ferritin LCH gene.
Do Constitutions Requiring Adherence to Sharia Threaten Human Rights?: How Egypt's Constitutional Court Reconciles Islamic Law with the Liberal Rule of Law

Over the last thirty years, a number of Muslim countries, including most recently Afghanistan and Iraq, have adopted constitutions that require the law of the state to respect fundamental Islamic legal norms. What happens when countries with a secular legal system adopt these "constitutional Islamization" provisions? How do courts interpret them? This article will present a case study of constitutional Islamization in one important and influential country, Egypt. In interpreting Egypt's constitutional Islamization provision, the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt has interpreted Shari'a norms to be consistent with international human rights norms and with liberal economic policies. The experience of Egypt does not tell us how constitutional Islamization will necessarily unfold in every country. It does demonstrate that, in a world where Islamic norms are contested, a progressive court can effectively develop and apply a theory that interprets Islamic legal norms to be consistent with democracy, international human rights and economic liberalism.
International knowledge, skills, and abilities of auditors/accountants

A domain independent perspective compares international competency studies from The Big 8 White Paper in 1989 to recent studies by the Institute of Management Accountants, Institute of Internal Auditors, International Federation of Accountants, and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Educators can use these common and specialized competencies to design accounting curricula to prepare students for entry into auditing careers. Practitioners can also use them to design hiring and evaluation criteria. The job market for accounting graduates is no longer dominated by public accounting. A more generalized skill set may be taught across accounting curriculums that was previously deemed necessary. Also recent international accounting scandals have put the accounting profession under public and regulatory scrutiny. New regulation and auditing standards may regain public trust. The knowledge, skills, and abilities for entry‐level accountants are: communication skills, interpersonal skills, general business knowledge, accounting knowledge, problem‐solving skills, information technology, personal attitudes and capabilities, and computer skills.
Mass Reconstruction from Lensing

One of the most striking consequences of Einstein’s general relativity is the ability of a large concentrated mass to deflect photons as they pass near a massive object. An example of this is a galaxy or a galaxy cluster. Because of this quality, massive objects are usually referred as gravitational lenses. The level of deflection differs depending on the minimum distance the photon approaches the deflecting object and the total mass of the lens. The weak lensing regime occurs when the deflection angle is small, normally occurring when the photon is at a large distance from the gravitational lens. The deflection angle in this regime decreases approximately linearly as the distance to the lens increases. When the distance is small we are in the strong lensing regime (hereafter SL). The SL effect creates a more complex distortion of the background sources (normally galaxies or quasars). The deflection angle becomes less linear as the photons get closer to the lens. As a result, the effect can create multiple images of the source. The number and distribution of these multiple images will depend on the geometry of the problem (observer– lens–source) as well as on the internal distribution of matter in the source. A beautiful example is shown in Fig. 1 where large arcs can be seen around the centre of gravity of the cluster. While weak lensing distortions appear as a stretched version of the background sky, strong lensing distortions are rich in complexity, making evident the non-linear nature of the deflection angle. This complex structure of arcs appearing in the strong lensing regime can be used effectively to reveal the internal gravitational structure of the lens. Solving the problem of inverting this rich data to get the gravitational potential responsible for it is not a trivial task. The unknowns of the problem are the distribution of matter in the lens and the position and shape of the source (or sources). These two unknowns have to be modelled and adjusted in order to reproduce the observed arcs. Usually, degeneracies between the model (lens and sources) and the data (position and shape of the arcs) appear. The range of possible models explaining the data (arcs) reduces as the number of available arcs increases. Problems arise when the observed arcs are
Research Review: Gene-environment interaction research in youth depression - A systematic review with recommendations for future research

Background Depression is a major public health problem among youth, currently estimated to affect as many as 9% of US children and adolescents. The recognition that both genes (“nature”) and environments (“nurture”) are important for understanding the etiology of depression has led to rapid growth in research exploring gene–environment interactions (GxE). However, there has been no systematic review of GxE in youth depression to date.
The rheology and gelation of bidisperse 1,4-polybutadiene

Abstract 1,4-polybutadiene (PB) of varying molecular weight, M , and varying polydispersity (obtained by mixing monodisperse PB) was characterized. As is well-known, some rheological properties are affected by both molecular-weight and polydispersity; however, others show a dependence on M , but not on molecular weight distribution (MWD). We find that the viscosity at constant weight-average M can be accurately accounted for from the ratio of the z- and weight average molecular weights. For M for which the steady-state recoverable compliance, J s , becomes invariant, no effect of polydispersity on J s was observed; this observation is contrary to the limited available literature. Gelation of the PB was also studied. In accord with previous work, the reaction time for network formation and the degree of crosslinking at the gel point both decrease significantly with increasing MWD. The only reliable measure of the gel point for polydisperse samples was from extrapolation of the soluble fraction of networks obtained for various states of cure. Different expressions describing the incipient network of crosslinking polymers were evaluated; these relations were found to be in quantitative mutual accord.
Integrals of Motion in Kuzmin-Like Potentials

We have identified an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system (ξ1,ξ2,ξ3) for which surfaces of constant ξ1 exactly coincide with equipotential surfaces in the Kuzmin potential. The three principal coordinates are ξ1 ≡ [x2 + y2 + (a + |z|)2]1/2, ξ2 ≡ arctan[(|z|/z)(x2 + y2)1/2/(a + |z|)], and ξ3 ≡ arctan[(y/x)]. When the equation of motion is written in terms of this "Kuzmin" coordinate system, the integrals of motion for particles moving in Kuzmin-like potentials are easily recognized. Specifically, any time-independent potential Φ that is a function only of ξ1 will exhibit the same number of integrals of motion as does a spherically symmetric potential. In such Kuzmin-like potentials, the vector ≡1ξ1 × is the analog of the specific angular momentum vector in spherically symmetric potentials. Furthermore, in potentials of the form Φ ∝ 1/ξ1, all three Cartesian components of the vector ≡ [ × +1(ξ1Φ)] (an analog of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector) also prove to be integrals of the motion. For two specific potentials, the Kuzmin potential and a logarithmic Kuzmin-like potential, we have derived analytical expressions defining the surfaces of section for particles in polar orbits, and in both cases we have identified the domain of occupancy of box orbits, loop orbits, and periodic orbits.
Diurnal cycle of the Oklahoma City urban heat island

[1] Between the dates of 28 June and 31 July 2003, the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field project was conducted in Oklahoma City and was the largest urban dispersion experiment ever in North America. Because the focus of JU2003 was on atmospheric processes within the urban environment, an extremely dense network of instrumentation was deployed in and around the central business district (CBD) both prior to and during the field experiment. Among the variables collected were high-resolution observations of air temperature from various instrument sources. Additional observations of air temperature were also collected at Oklahoma Mesonet stations in the rural areas surrounding Oklahoma City. Using an index value, the diurnal cycle of the urban heat island (UHI) for Oklahoma City, with respect to the surrounding rural terrain, was quantified. The results revealed a consistent mean nocturnal UHI greater than 1.5°C at both 2 and 9 m. However, observations at 2 m during JU2003 revealed a significant urban “cool” island during the convective portion of the day. The mean variability of temperature within the urban core of Oklahoma City increased significantly after sunrise, increased to a maximum near solar noon, and decreased following sunset. These results were inconsistent with the rural observations wherein the variability among sites was maximized during the nocturnal period. Finally, the vertical temperature gradient between 2 and 9 m demonstrated a clear and strong diurnal trend at the rural locations, whereas observations from the urban environment were nearly isothermal and consistent with near-neutral conditions throughout JU2003.
The stimulation of collagen secretion by ascorbate as a result of increased proline hydroxylation in chick embryo fibroblasts.

Abstract Collagen secretion by chick embryo fibroblasts was measured by incorporating [14C]proline into proteins and then analyzing the amount of collagen in the cell and medium separately by using purified bacterial collagenase. In order to produce varying levels of hydroxylation, cells were incubated with varying concentrations of ascorbate or with varying concentrations of α,α′-dipyridyl in the presence of saturating ascorbate. Ascorbate stimulated both the hydroxylation of proline in collagen and the secretion of collagen; the concentration of ascorbate required for half-maximal stimulation of both proesses was approximately 4.5 × 10−7, m . Since the cells could concentrate ascorbate 10-fold, this KM for proline hydroxylation is 100-fold lower than values reported for purified prolyl hydroxylase (Abbot, M. T., and Udenfriend, S. (1974) in Molecular Mechanisms of Oxygen Activation (Hayaishi, O., ed.), p. 173, Academic Press New York; Kivirikko K. I., et al. (1968) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 151, 558–567). Conversely, α,ga′-dipyridyl inhibited both proline hydroxylation and collagen secretion; half-maximal inhibition of both processes was observed at 7 × 10−5, m . The results of the two types of experiments show that the secretion of collagen becomes directly proportional to proline hydroxylation when approximately 30% of the proline residues in collagen have been hydroxylated compared to maximal hydroxylation of 50%. Since the stability of triple-helical collagen at 37 °C has been shown to be dependent on the hydroxyproline content of the molecule (Rosenbloom, J., et al. (1973) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 158, 478–484), we suggest that the observed proportionality between secretion and hydroxylation is a reflection of the increased amount of stable triple helical collagen at 37 °C. When the cells were incubated with a concentration of ascorbate that was saturating for secretion and hydroxylation, there was no significant activation of prolyl hydroxylase as measured in a cell-free extract. These experiments suggest that ascorbate effects collagen secretion by acting at the site of proline hydroxylation but not by increasing the activity of prolyl hydroxylase.
A Finite Difference Scheme for a Class of Nonlinear Parabolic Systems in 3D Space Variables

Abstract In this paper, we establish error bound analysis for a finite-difference approximation to the solutions for a class of Nonlinear Parabolic Systems in the form (∂/∂ t ) v +(∂/∂ x ) f ( v )+(∂/∂ y ) g ( v )+(∂/∂ z ) h ( v )= D Δ v . We assume that the initial data is sufficiently smooth and of class BV. The error is proved to be bounded by O (Δ x |ln Δ x |) for all positive time in an appropriate norm.
Angiotensin and bradykinin metabolism by peptidases identified in skeletal muscle

Abstract We have identified angiotensin-converting enzyme, neutral endopeptidase-24.11, and aminopeptidase M in a purified glycoprotein fraction of rabbit skeletal muscle membranes. The identification was based on substrate specificity and sensitivity to selective inhibitors. Angiotensin I metabolism was due to angiotensin-converting enzyme-mediated conversion to angiotensin II and neutral endopeptidase-24.11-mediated conversion to angiotensin(1–7). Bradykinin was degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase-24.11; angiotensin II by neutral endopeptidase-24.11; and angiotensin III by neutral endopeptidase-24.11 and aminopeptidase M. Thus, the effects of angiotensins and kinins on skeletal muscle blood flow and metabolism may be regulated by local angiotensin-converting enzyme, neutral endopeptidase-24.11, and aminopeptidase M.
Formation and dissolution of the mare–foal bond

Abstract The behavior of mares at foaling and their behavior during subsequent weekly brief separations from their foals was quantified. Thirteen multiparous pony mares were observed for the first 30 min after foaling. Activities directed toward the foal and toward the fetal membranes were recorded. There were 16±8 contacts with the fetal membranes, most in the first 10 min post-partum. There were 81±12 activities directed toward the foal. There was a downward trend in foal contacts over the first 30 min. Eight of the 13 mares were observed for the 30–60 min post-partum during which licking and touching the foal continued. Only one of the foals suckled in the first 30 min, but half had suckled by 60 min. Ten mares and foals were separated for 5 min each week for 9 weeks. Although mare responses (neighs and steps) decreased with age of the foal, the foals’ responses increased from weeks 1 to 2 and then decreased with foal age. This indicates that foal attachment to the mare is not complete until it is 2 weeks old.
Sorption isotherms in supercritical fluid chromatography

Abstract The continued and growing interest in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has given rise to a need for a better understanding of the solute retention mechanism. One facet of research has aimed at a theoretical description of solute retention using equation of state models based on statistical mechanics and thermodynamic descriptions of the P, V, T relationship for a fluid. A second approach has involved studies of the physico-chemical interaction of the supercritical fluid with the solute molecule and the stationary phase. Solute retention in SFC has been demonstrated to be a dynamic process of intermolecular interactions between the solute and the fluid mobile phase and between the solute and the bonded polymetric stationary phase. This qualitative statement is supported by spectroscopic studies of solvent cluster formation about a solute molecule in a supercritical fluid, partial molar volume studies and isotherm measurements of the fluid in different stationary phases under various conditions in SFC. Progress made to date in determining the sorption isotherms of mobile phase components in SFC is reviewed.
Nonlinear torsion of thin-walled bars of variable, open cross-sections

Abstract An analysis of the nonlinear torsion of thin-walled bars of variable, open cross-section is presented. The geometrical description of the mid-surface of a bar and its strain expressions are based on membrane shell theory with internal constraints. The finite element method is used to formulate stiffness matrices for a thin-walled bar element. A comparison between the present method, other analytical solutions and experimental results is made by means of a numerical example.
Independence of length and temperature effects on the rate of helix formation between complementary ribopolymers.

The rate of double helix formation by single stranded Poly A plus Poly U, Poly I plus Poly C, Poly G plus Poly C, and T2 DNA has been investigated as a function of both the length of the reacting strands and temperature. The length dependence of the rate is found to be independent of temperature. All of the reactions studied show a rate approximately proportional to the square root of the length of the shorter of the complementary strands. At or about 30°C below the melting temperature the ribopolymers react with about the same rate. This rate is four to five times slower than DNA renaturation rates. The effect of temperature on ribopolymer reaction rates is interpreted in terms of a steady-state model for helix propagation.
Does Moral Conviction Really Override Concerns About Procedural Justice? A Reexamination of the Value Protection Model

A large research literature on procedural justice demonstrates that people are more accepting of decisions that they do not feel are advantageous or fair when those decisions are arrived at using just procedures. Recently, several papers (Skitka, Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 28:588–597, 2002; Skitka and Mullen, Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 28:1419–1429, 2002) have argued that these procedural mechanisms do not have a significant influence when the decision made concerns issues about which those involved have strong moral feelings (“a moral mandate”). A reanalysis of the data in these two studies indicates that, contrary to the strong position taken by the authors, i.e. that “when people have a moral mandate about an outcome, any means justifies the mandated end” (Skitka, Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 28:594, 2002), the justice of decision-making procedures is consistently found to significantly influence people’s reactions to decisions by authorities and institutions even when their moral mandates are threatened.
Priming of T cells by exogenous antigen cross-presented on MHC class I molecules.

Cross-presentation is the process whereby bone-marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells acquire, process and present exogenous antigen as peptides bound to MHC class I molecules to CD8(+) T cells. Professional antigen-presenting cells acquire cell-associated antigen predominantly in the form of protein, then process and present antigenic peptides on their surface MHC class I molecules via several mechanisms and efficiently cross-prime naive CD8(+) T cells in vivo. This pathway is of considerable interest because it has an important role in the immune surveillance of tissues for pathogens and cancers.
Photorealistic 3D omni-directional stereo simulator

While a lot of areas in VR have made significant advances, visual rendering in VR is often not quite keeping up with the state of the art. There are many reasons for this, but one way to alleviate some of the issues is by using ray tracing instead of rasterization for image generation. Contrary to popular belief, ray tracing is a realistic, competitive technology nowadays. This paper looks at the pros and cons of using ray tracing and demonstrates the feasibility of employing it using the example of a helicopter flight simulator image generator.
A map of specific cleavage sites and tRNA genes in the chloroplast genome of Euglena gracilis bacillaris

A map showing locations of 22 of the 30 endonuclease EcoRI cleavage sites and 54 additional sites for eight other restriction endonucleases is presented. The regions of chloroplast DNA that hybridize with chloroplast tRNA are also shown.
Aortocoronary bypass surgery: Correlation of angiographic, symptomatic and functional improvement at 1 year☆

Angiographic changes in the coronary circulation were evaluated in 60 patients 1 year after aortocoronary bypass surgery, and their relation to the postoperative clinical status was examined. Of 124 grafts implanted, 26 were closed, 7 stenotic and 91 (74 percent) patent at 1 year. Progression of occlusive disease occurred in 21 of 57 (37 percent) nongrafted and 78 of 123 (63 percent) grafted vessels. On the basis of location and severity of progression, significant lesions bypassed and patency of grafts, postoperative coronary perfusion was considered optimal in 16 patients (Group I), better in 24 (Group III). Complete freedom from chest pain or lessening of pain (improvement by two New York Heart Association functional classes) occurred in 88 and 79 percent of patients in Group III. Positive preoperative treadmill stress tests became negative after surgery in five of six patients in Group I, five of eight in Grojp II and three of eight in Group III. This study demonstrates that when progression of disease, graft patency and extent of revasculariztion are considered in combination, the postoperative angiographic status of the coronary circulation correlates well with clinical improvement at 1 year. These findings support the hypothesis that improved blood supply to ischemic myocardium is a major factor contributing to relief of angina pectoris after saphenous vein bypass surgery.
Making Up Allies: The Identity Choreography of Straight LGBT Activism

This qualitative study investigates the contemporary landscape of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) politics and activism, specifically the concept and identities of “straight allies.” Through in-depth interviews with 13 individuals who identify as straight allies, we explore how these heterosexuals engage in LGBT politics and activist cultures. We take a grounded theory approach to data analysis, through which the concept of “passive” and “active” activism emerges as a framework to understand these allies’ meaning-making practices, as well as how they negotiate the emotional, interpersonal, life-historical, and mass-mediated complexities of being straight allies when interacting with LGBT communities and engaging in pro-LGBT politics. We draw upon Thompson’s (2005) theory of ontological choreography to posit “identity choreography” as way to describe and make sense of the heterogeneous knowledges and experiences our participants use to constitute their straight ally identities and to evaluate others’ ally identities and activisms. Implications for future research on LGBT politics and straight allies, particularly in terms of education, attitude change, and activism, are discussed.
Dependence of confounding on the target population: a modification of causal graphs to account for co-action.

Purpose Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are useful tools for assessing confounding. However, the basic approach to detecting confounding in DAGs does not distinguish among various forms of interaction between the exposure and covariates and between different target populations for which effects are estimated. We propose a simple modification of DAG rules to overcome this limitation. Methods Using fundamental concepts and DAGs, we show that the basic approach can suggest confounding even when absent if the covariate has no effect in the reference population being used as the comparator for the target population, as occurs when the target population is the exposed and the covariate acts only when the exposure is present. Results We present three examples that illustrate this scenario and propose a simple revision to the basic approach to detecting confounding in DAGs that makes confounding in the presence of causal interaction easier to evaluate visually. This revision extends to other scenarios involving other target populations and variables with multiple levels. Conclusions A simple modification of the basic approach to identifying confounding in DAGs allows more frequent exclusion of confounding when it is absent.
Targeted transendocardial therapeutic delivery guided by mri—x-ray image fusion†

Objectives: To validate a multi-modality image fusion approach to guide catheter-based, targeted transendocardial therapeutic delivery in a swine myocardial infarction (MI) model. Background: Biologic agents such as stem cells may curb post MI adverse ventricular remodeling if delivered by a transendocardial catheter directly into the infarct border. 3D visualization of the infarct and other cardiac surfaces is required to perform this task. We propose registering and overlaying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) roadmaps onto live x-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) to guide targeted transendocardial delivery. Methods: Custom software was used to register and overlay MRI models of the endocardium and infarct on live XRF by aligning common endocardial border features. In a swine MI model, transendocardial injections of co-localizing imaging labels were performed, targeting a 20 mm perimeter around the infarct. Directed targeting error (DTE) was defined as the difference between the predicted injection site-to-infarct distance calculated by the image fusion system, to the actual distance determined by postprocedure in vivo MRI. The mobile image fusion system was designed to be vendor-independent for imaging systems and transendocardial catheters. Results: Transendocardial injections were performed in all animals without complications. Mean DTE was 0.9 ± 5.0 mm (n = 8 swine). Time to register the images and establish a high quality roadmap was less than 12 min in all animals. Custom imaging tools to display injection sites and distribution were useful adjuncts during targeted injection procedures. Conclusions: Multi-modality image fusion is a feasible and accurate platform technology to guide transendocardial injections precisely to the discrete infarct border. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Milk quality of the Original Valachian in a submontane region.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the milk efficiency of Original Valachian (OV) Sheep. The flock under scrutiny is kept at pasture at an altitude of 600 m in the Novohradske Mountains, and samples were taken from morning milking roughly in four to five weekly intervals during the period from April to August. The milking was begun on average on the 50th day of lactation, and was carried out mechanically. A total of 862 samples were analysed from an average of 54 ewes over the the years 2006–09. After an evaluation of the essential components of ewe’s milk from the flock of OV lambing ewes during lactation these average values were found: fat 4.90 g 100 g–1, crude protein 5.94 g 100 g–1, casein 4.40 g 100 g–1, serum protein 1.18 g 100 g–1, lactose 5.07 g 100 g–1, dry matter 16.45 g 100 g–1, solid not fat 11.63 g 100 g–1 and utilizable dry matter 10.85 g 100 g–1. OV had an average daily milk yield of 0.70 l. Fat, protein, casein, serum protein and dry matter showed rising trends during lactation. During the total period of measurement the average protein content of OVmilk did not drop below 5 g 100 g–1, in contrast to fat, which was under 3 g 100 g–1. The lactose content rose at the beginning of lactation, after it showed a degressive trend. The amounts of utilizable dry matter during our experiment showed a fluctuating trend.
Backstage Java: making a difference in metaprogramming

We propose Backstage Java (BSJ), a Java language extension which allows algorithmic, contextually-aware generation and transformation of code. BSJ explicitly and concisely represents design patterns and other encodings by employing compile-time metaprogramming: a practice in which the programmer writes instructions which are executed over the program's AST during compilation. While compile-time metaprogramming has been successfully used in functional languages such as Template Haskell, a number of language properties (scope, syntactic structure, mutation, etc.) have thus far prevented this theory from translating to the imperative world. BSJ uses the novel approach of difference-based metaprogramming to provide an imperative programming style amenable to the Java community and to enforce that metaprograms are consistent and semantically unambiguous. To make the feasibility of BSJ metaprogramming evident, we have developed a compiler implementation and numerous working code examples.
Gas phase ion molecule reactions involving the formation of metal to carbon bonds

Abstract Results of an ion cyclotron resonance study of the gaseous ion chemistry observed in mixtures of alkyl halides and transition metal complexes are reported. Two different types of processes give rise to metalcarbon bonds. From observation of the process M + + CH 3 X→ MCH 3 + + X limits on gas phase metalcarbon bond strength are inferred: 68 kcal/mol > D (M + CH 3 )>56 kcal/mole for M = Fe, Co. Limits on several metal ionolefin bond strengths are inferred from HX elimination reactions. Reactions of propyl and allyl cations with Co(CO) 3 NO and Fe(CO) 5 are also described.
Anticipation of reward omission as a cue for choice behavior

Abstract A within-subject partial reinforcement extinction effect was obtained in a conditional discriminative choice task. In choice acquisition, one group had learned a task in which one choice alternative was continuously reinforced (CRF) and the other alternative was partially reinforced (PRF). Most errors in the acquisition phase were the choosing of the CRF lever when the conditional stimulus signaled the PRF lever; in extinction this pattern of choice errors reversed. In extinction, most errors were choosing of the PRF lever when the conditional stimulus signaled the CRF lever. The predictions of frustration theory and sequential theory were compared with the choice data. The results were interpreted as consistent with the anticipatory frustration construct within an associative mediational theory.
Organizational Justice: The Search for Fairness in the Workplace

This article presents a review of the book “Organizational Justice: The Search for Fairness in the Workplace,” by Blair H. Sheppard, Roy J. Lewicki and John W. Minton.
Promiscuity in the practice of family therapy

Family therapy has continually confronted choices between polarized positions, each one taken up with zeal because it solved an old dilemma but eventually encountering its own limitations. In this article I suggest that we have evolved to a point where, instead of deciding which is better, we can focus on how to use theories, models and techniques as fluid and flexible resources for action in the therapeutic conversation. Doing so focuses our attention on how we can move in and out of various positions, including those that simplify issues and those that embrace complexity. In addition, our attention is drawn to the ways in which we can make choices between following a model as opposed to engaging in spontaneous dialogue. This promiscuous stance can help trainers and therapists answer questions concerning how we make decisions in therapy. Such promiscuity also positions us to confront our images and expectations of what it means to be a professional.
THE CRIME AWARENESS AND CAMPUS SECURITY ACT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT There is a growing concern in this nation about the nature and extent of crime on our college campuses. In the past, one problem has been identifying how much crime occurs on campuses because of underreporting. To remedy this, the U.S. Congress enacted the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990, which requires colleges and universities to collect and disseminate statistics on crime on campuses beginning in September, 1991. This paper presents a critical analysis of this legislation and suggests that this Act will not only fail to remedy the crime reporting problem, but will actually add to the confusion. In addition, the paper comments on other important goals stated in the act.
Grounding of Computers and Other Similar Sensitive Equipment

Problems arising from isolated grounding electrodes for computers, etc., have been determined to be caused by the separation of basic potential in periods of high atmospheric electrical surges. Methods of isolating computer grounding systems from the ``noisy'' effects of building and power grounding systems have been developed without the damaging effects of separate systems.
Magnetic Heating of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Magnetic Micelles for Cancer Therapy

The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into block copolymer micelles was studied towards the development of a targeted, magnetically triggered drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and poly(ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) block copolymers, and experimental verification of magnetic heating of the nanoparticles, self-assembly of the block copolymers to form magnetic micelles, and thermally-enhanced drug release. The semicrystalline core of the micelles melted at temperatures just above physiological conditions, indicating that they could be used to release a chemotherapy agent from a thermoresponsive polymer system. The magnetic nanoparticles were shown to heat effectively in high frequency magnetic fields ranging from 30-70 kA/m. Magnetic micelles also showed heating properties, that when combined with a chemotherapeutic agent and a targeting ligand could be developed for localized, triggered drug delivery. During the magnetic heating experiments, a time lag was observed in the temperature profile for magnetic micelles, likely due to the heat of fusion of melting of polycaprolactone micelle cores before bulk solution temperatures increased. Doxorubicin, incorporated into the micelles, released faster when the micelles were heated above the core melting point.
Renal Dysplasia—a Clnicopathologcal Review

A review of 15 cases of unilateral renal dysplasia is presented. Seven patients came to medical attention with urinary tract infection. Only 4 presented with an abdominal mass. Eight patients were found to have ipsilateral ureteric anomalies and 4 of these also had contralateral ureteric problems. Five patients had extra-renal anomalies and these included Turner's syndrome, scoliosis and congenital dislocation of the hip. Histological examination, in all cases, revealed the presence of primitive ducts surrounded by concentric layers of cellular mesenchyme. Metaplastic cartilage was noted in only 7 of the 15 cases.
Organization of neural inputs to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat

The circadian timing of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is modulated by its neural inputs. In the present study, we examine the organization of the neural inputs to the rat SCN using both retrograde and anterograde tracing methods. After Fluoro-Gold injections into the SCN, retrogradely labeled neurons are present in a number of brain areas, including the infralimbic cortex, the lateral septum, the medial preoptic area, the subfornical organ, the paraventricular thalamus, the subparaventricular zone, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the posterior hypothalamic area, the intergeniculate leaflet, the olivary pretectal nucleus, the ventral subiculum, and the median raphe nuclei. In the anterograde tracing experiments, we observe three patterns of afferent termination within the SCN that correspond to the photic/raphe, limbic/hypothalamic, and thalamic inputs. The median raphe projection to the SCN terminates densely within the ventral subdivision and sparsely within the dorsal subdivision. Similarly, areas that receive photic input, such as the retina, the intergeniculate leaflet, and the pretectal area, densely innervate the ventral SCN but provide only minor innervation of the dorsal SCN. A complementary pattern of axonal labeling, with labeled fibers concentrated in the dorsal SCN, is observed after anterograde tracer injections into the hypothalamus and into limbic areas, such as the ventral subiculum and infralimbic cortex. A third, less common pattern of labeling, exemplified by the paraventricular thalamic afferents, consists of diffuse axonal labeling throughout the SCN. Our results show that the SCN afferent connections are topographically organized. These hodological differences may reflect a functional heterogeneity within the SCN.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and the Promise of Combination Prevention Approaches

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is a promising experimental approach currently being tested globally. A number of PrEP trials are evaluating the safety and effectiveness of PrEP in men who have sex with men (MSM) and other populations at risk for HIV, and results will be available from this first generation of efficacy trials over the next few years. Here we review the rationale for orally-administered antiretrovirals for prevention, and outline issues the first generation trials will address as well as questions that may be addressed in future studies. We also describe the rationale for combination prevention approaches that may combine PrEP with other prevention modalities as part of a larger prevention package.
Angiographic follow-up after successful percutaneous coronary angioplasty for chronic total coronary occlusion: Experience in 110 consecutive patients

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 110 consecutive patients (111 vessels) with chronically occluded coronary arteries and was successful in 69 patients (69 vessels). Successful initial PTCA was related to the extent of coronary artery disease, the morphology of the proximal surface of the occlusion site, and the clinical duration of occlusion. Repeat angiography was performed for 62 patients, with successful initial PTCA and demonstrated restenosis in 34 (55%) patients, of whom 11 had total occlusion. Repeat PTCA was performed in 30 patients and was successful in 80%. Follow-up angiography after repeat PTCA was carried out in all patients who underwent successful second PTCA, and, it demonstrated re-restenosis in 7 (29%) patients. In this study, among 111 total occlusions, 28 vessels undergoing successful initial PTCA and 17 undergoing successful repeat PTCA were free from restenosis or re-restenosis at the time of follow-up angiography.
The elimination of motor-generator sets as transient buffers for SAGE computers

Motor-generator sets are frequently used as buffers to isolate electronic equipment from severe power transients which may cause misoperation. An investigation of voltage tolerances for digital computers, performance of d-c supplies, and probabilities of fault occurrences indicates that if the power is generated on the site of the electronic equipment, motor-generator sets are not necessary to meet the critical requirements of the digital computers employed in the SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) air-defense system.
A Dirichlet/Robin iteration-by-subdomain method for an anisotropic, nonisothermal two-phase transport model of PEM fuel cell with micro-porous layer

In this paper, we present a nonoverlapping domain decomposition method, Dirichlet/Robin type alternately iteration-by-subdomain method, for a 3D anisotropic, nonisothermal, multiphysics, two-phase transport model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), particularly bearing micro-porous layer (MPL) and wet gas channel (GC). In this method, the necessary transmission conditions are introduced by nonlinear Dirichlet/Robin interfacial boundary conditions at the interfaces of some specific subdomains, i.e., of gas diffusion layer (GDL) and MPL due to the discontinuous liquid saturation (Pasaogullari and Wang, 2004) therein, and of GDL and GC due to the discontinuous Kirchhoff transformation arising from wet gas channel (Sun et al., 2009). We then use these transmission conditions to design a type of nonoverlapping domain decomposition method with the combined finite element-upwind finite volume discretizations to deal with water transports amongst such multi-layer diffusion media. Kirchhoff transformation and its inverse techniques are employed to overcome the discontinuous and degenerate water diffusivity in the coexisting single- and two-phase regions. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the present techniques are effective to obtain a fast and convergent nonlinear iteration for such a 3D multiphysics PEMFC model, in contrast to the oscillatory and nonconvergent iteration conducted by a standard finite element method.
Some nursing implications of a 5-day surgical ward☆

Abstract There are 251 beds in the Birmingham Children's Hospital. In 1966, because of a nursing shortage, it was decided to run one 20-bedded ward as a 5-day, Monday to Friday, surgical ward. During the years 1970 through 1972 this ward has been fully operational, and the experience gained during this period is the basis of this paper.
High resolution charge measurements of UH cosmic ray nuclei using a direct imaging Cherenkov ground-based observatory

The accurate determination of the elemental composition of cosmic rays at high energies is expected to provide crucial clues on the origin of these particles. Here we discuss a technique that has become possible through the use of modern ground-based Cherenkov imaging detectors. We combine a measurement of the Cherenkov light produced by the incoming cosmic-ray nucleus in the upper atmosphere with an estimate of the total nucleus energy produced by the extensive air shower initiated when the particle interacts deeper in the atmosphere. The emission regions prior to and after the first nuclear interaction can be separated by an imaging Cherenkov system with sufficient angular and temporal resolution. Monte Carlo simulations indicate a widely space array of 10m diameter imaging Cherenkov detectors should have charge resolution of ΔZ/Z <5% for incident iron nuclei in the region of the "knee" of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum. This technique also has the intriguing possibility to unambiguously discover nuclei heavier than iron at energies above 1014 eV. We describe a strawman detector design for a future observatory dedicated to high resolution cosmic ray measurements. This observatory can also serve as a wide field of view TeV gamma-ray survey instrument.
Does pinealectomy, anopsia or exposure to constant darkness affect pituitary prolactin levels in the goldfish,Carassius auratus L.?

The ef fects of exposure to constant darkness, anopsia and pinealectomy on pituitary prolactin levels in the goldfish were examined. Determination of prolactin was made in a polyacrylamide microelectrophoretic system coupled with densitometry. Neither pinealectomy nor anopsia had an effect on pituitary prolactin content in the fall. Exposure to constant darkness in the fall was without obvious effect, whereas such treatment in the spring resulted in significantly elevated pituitary prolactin content. Pinealectomy in the spring did not alter pituitary content, suggesting that the response to constant darkness is independent of the pineal organ, perhaps involving retinal or extra-retinal photoreception.