cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immobilized Sialyloligo-Macroligand and Its Protein Binding Specificity

We report a chemoenzymatic synthesis of chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers with different linkages and their oriented immobilization for glycoarray and SPR-based glyco-biosensor applications. Specifically, O-cyanate chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers were synthesized by enzymatic α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation of a lactose-containing glycopolymer that was synthesized by cyanoxyl-mediated free radical polymerization. (1)H NMR showed almost quantitative α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation. The O-cyanate chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers were printed onto amine-functionalized glass slides via isourea bond formation for glycoarray formation. Specific protein binding activity of the arrays was confirmed with α2,3- and α2,6-sialyl specific binding lectins together with inhibition assays. Further, immobilizing O-cyanate chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers onto amine-modified SPR chip via isourea bond formation afforded SPR-based glyco-biosensor, which showed specific binding activity for lectins and influenza viral hemagglutinins (HA). These sialyloligo-macroligand derived glycoarray and SPR-based glyco-biosensor are closely to mimic 3D nature presentation of sialyloligosaccharides and will provide important high-throughput tools for virus diagnosis and potential antiviral drug candidates screening applications.
A novel method for fast imaging of brain function, non-invasively, with light

Imaging of the human body by any non-invasive technique has been an appropriate goal of physics and medicine, and great success has been obtained with both Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in brain imaging. Non-imaging responses to functional activation using near infrared spectroscopy of brain (fNIR) obtained in 1993 (Chance, et al. [1]) and in 1994 (Tamura, et al. [2]) are now complemented with images of pre-frontal and parietal stimulation in adults and pre-term neonates in this communication (see also [3]). Prior studies used continuous [4], pulsed [3] or modulated [5] light. The amplitude and phase cancellation of optical patterns as demonstrated for single source detector pairs affords remarkable sensitivity of small object detection in model systems [6]. The methods have now been elaborated with multiple source detector combinations (nine sources, four detectors). Using simple back projection algorithms it is now possible to image sensorimotor and cognitive activation of adult and pre- and full-term neonate human brain function in times < 30 sec and with two dimensional resolutions of < 1 cm in two dimensional displays. The method can be used in evaluation of adult and neonatal cerebral dysfunction in a simple, portable and affordable method that does not require immobilization, as contrasted to MRI and PET.
Adrenergic Receptor Mediation of Renin Secretion

ABSTRACT The role of adrenergic receptors in mediating renin secretion was studied in normal subjects with the use of upright posture and administration of diazoxide, ethacrynic acid and theophylline to provoke renin release. Each of these stimuli produced the expected rise in plasma renin activity (PRA), despite marked differences in their effect on urinary sodium excretion. In each case the increase in PRA was markedly suppressed on retesting with an infusion of either phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, or propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, whereas adrenergic blockade had little or no affect on sodium excretion. Since the stimuli chosen for provoking renin release have diverse mechanisms of action, it is noteworthy that PRA was suppressed by adrenergic blockade, regardless of the stimulus used. These findings suggest that many, if not all, of the stimuli for renin release are mediated by a common pathway which may involve alpha-and beta-adrenergic receptors. Moreover, renin re...
Seismic design and behavior of low yield point steel plate shear walls

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) with low yield point (LYP) steel infill plates have been demonstrated in a number of studies to be efficient and promising lateral force-resisting and energy dissipating systems. In fact, use of LYP steel with extremely low yield stress and high elongation capacity compared to the conventional steel enables the employment of infill plates with improved buckling stability, serviceability, and damping characteristics. In contrast to the commonly-used slender and conventional steel plates with relatively low buckling and high yielding capacities, LYP steel plates can have low yielding and high buckling capacities due to the early yielding of the steel material. On this basis, this paper aims at evaluating the structural behavior and performance of SPSWs with unstiffened LYP steel infill plates designed per AISC 341 seismic provisions which typically address SPSWs with slender infill plates. Effects of plate aspect ratio, and combined compressive and shear forces acting on the web plate are also considered in this study. Numerical analysis of the code-designed LYP steel shear wall models demonstrates the efficient strength, stiffness, and cyclic performances of such systems. In addition, the effectiveness of some design requirements specified in AISC 341 code is evaluated based on the behavior of the SPSW components, and design recommendations are provided accordingly. Finally, a modified plate-frame interaction (PFI) method is used to predict and characterize the behavior of SPSW systems with low yielding and relatively high buckling capacities, the effectiveness of which is verified by comparing the predicted response with experimental and numerical results.
The acceleration of doubly-ionized He3☆

Abstract A convenient system for the acceleration by a Van de Graaff generator of doubly-ionized He 3 has been designed. The system consists of a standard r.f. source followed by a 3.5° deflecting magnet. The magnet sweeps aside most of the singly-ionized beam, but allows the small (0.5%) doubly-ionized beam to be accelerated. The system yields over 0.5 μA of doubly-ionized He 3 with a total accelerated beam of less than 10 μA.
Survey of recycled rare earths metallurgical processing

AbstractRare earths have become critical for our energy and materials driven society. While primary production must ramp up to fill growing demands, the recycle of these strategic elements must also be initiated. This paper will outline the potentials of and metallurgical technologies employed for Rare earths recycle from various secondary sources.Les elements de terres rares jouent maintenant un role critique dans notre societe axee sur l’energie et les materiaux. Alors qu’on doit accroitre la production primaire pour satisfaire la demande grandissante, on doit egalement initier le recyclage de ces elements strategiques. Cet article souligne les types de technologie metallurgique utilises ainsi que leur potentiel pour le recyclage des elements de terres rares a partir de diverses sources secondaires.
A snapshot of two DARPA speech and natural language programs

DARPA is investing in speech and natural language processing research to ensure the availability of key technology needed by the Department of Defense for a wide variety of applications. The research programs aim (a) to develop enabling component technology that can be integrated on demand and/or rapidly tailored for specific applications and (b) to demonstrate that technology in limited prototypes. The programs are highly synergistic and emphasize objective performance evaluation.
The emerging role of CXCL10 in cancer (Review)

The chemokine interferon-γ inducible protein 10 kDa (CXCL10) is a member of the CXC chemokine family which binds to the CXCR3 receptor to exert its biological effects. CXCL10 is involved in chemotaxis, induction of apoptosis, regulation of cell growth and mediation of angiostatic effects. CXCL10 is associated with a variety of human diseases including infectious diseases, chronic inflammation, immune dysfuntion, tumor development, metastasis and dissemination. More importantly, CXCL10 has been identified as a major biological marker mediating disease severity and may be utilized as a prognostic indicator for various diseases. In this review, we focus on current research elucidating the emerging role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of cancer. Understanding the role of CXCL10 in disease initiation and progression may provide the basis for developing CXCL10 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for related human malignancies.
Dynamics of matrix-free Ca2+ in cardiac mitochondria: two components of Ca2+ uptake and role of phosphate buffering.

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is thought to provide an important signal to increase energy production to meet demand but, in excess, can also trigger cell death. The mechanisms defining the relationship between total Ca2+ uptake, changes in mitochondrial matrix free Ca2+, and the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) are not well understood. We quantitatively measure changes in [Ca2+]out and [Ca2+]mito during Ca2+ uptake in isolated cardiac mitochondria and identify two components of Ca2+ influx. [Ca2+]mito recordings revealed that the first, MCUmode1, required at least 1 µM Ru360 to be completely inhibited, and responded to small Ca2+ additions in the range of 0.1 to 2 µM with rapid and large changes in [Ca2+]mito. The second component, MCUmode2, was blocked by 100 nM Ru360 and was responsible for the bulk of total Ca2+ uptake for large Ca2+ additions in the range of 2 to 10 µM; however, it had little effect on steady-state [Ca2+]mito. MCUmode1 mediates changes in [Ca2+]mito of 10s of μM, even in the presence of 100 nM Ru360, indicating that there is a finite degree of Ca2+ buffering in the matrix associated with this pathway. In contrast, the much higher Ca2+ loads evoked by MCUmode2 activate a secondary dynamic Ca2+ buffering system consistent with calcium-phosphate complex formation. Increasing Pi potentiated [Ca2+]mito increases via MCUmode1 but suppressed [Ca2+]mito changes via MCUmode2. The results suggest that the role of MCUmode1 might be to modulate oxidative phosphorylation in response to intracellular Ca2+ signaling, whereas MCUmode2 and the dynamic high-capacity Ca2+ buffering system constitute a Ca2+ sink function. Interestingly, the trigger for PTP activation is unlikely to be [Ca2+]mito itself but rather a downstream byproduct of total mitochondrial Ca2+ loading.
The sensory ecology of ocean navigation

How animals guide themselves across vast expanses of open ocean, sometimes to specific geographic areas, has remained an enduring mystery of behavioral biology. In this review we briefly contrast underwater oceanic navigation with terrestrial navigation and summarize the advantages and constraints of different approaches used to analyze animal navigation in the sea. In addition, we highlight studies and techniques that have begun to unravel the sensory cues that underlie navigation in sea turtles, salmon and other ocean migrants. Environmental signals of importance include geomagnetic, chemical and hydrodynamic cues, perhaps supplemented in some cases by celestial cues or other sources of information that remain to be discovered. An interesting similarity between sea turtles and salmon is that both have been hypothesized to complete long-distance reproductive migrations using navigational systems composed of two different suites of mechanisms that function sequentially over different spatial scales. The basic organization of navigation in these two groups of animals may be functionally similar, and perhaps also representative of other long-distance ocean navigators.
Flowering feminism: consciousness raising at work

The author uses a novel narrative style to detail the stories of two women coming to feminism and the impact organizational experiences have had on their gender awareness. Frames these two stories by detailing her own journey in becoming a feminist. Together the stories bear witness to the importance of organizational experiences in shaping their identities, specifically in relationship to their awareness of gender, and conversely how their identities in turn affect the way we approach and make sense of their lives inside and beyond organizations.
Patterns of CD8 Immunodominance May Influence the Ability of Mamu-B*08-Positive Macaques To Naturally Control Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Replication†

Certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles are strongly associated with control of human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). CD8(+) T cells specific for epitopes restricted by these molecules may be particularly effective. Understanding how CD8(+) T cells contribute to control of viral replication should yield important insights for vaccine design. We have recently identified an Indian rhesus macaque MHC class I allele, Mamu-B*08, associated with elite control and low plasma viremia after infection with the pathogenic isolate SIVmac239. Here, we infected four Mamu-B*08-positive macaques with SIVmac239 to investigate why some of these macaques control viral replication. Three of the four macaques controlled SIVmac239 replication with plasma virus concentrations below 20,000 viral RNA copies/ml at 20 weeks postinfection; two of four macaques were elite controllers (ECs). Interestingly, two of the four macaques preserved their CD4(+) memory T lymphocytes during peak viremia, and all four recovered their CD4(+) memory T lymphocytes in the chronic phase of infection. Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses dominated the acute phase and accounted for 23.3% to 59.6% of the total SIV-specific immune responses. Additionally, the ECs mounted strong and broad CD8(+) T-cell responses against several epitopes in Vif and Nef. Mamu-B*08-specific CD8(+) T cells accounted for the majority of mutations in the virus at 18 weeks postinfection. Interestingly, patterns of viral variation in Nef differed between the ECs and the other two macaques. Natural containment of AIDS virus replication in Mamu-B*08-positive macaques may, therefore, be related to a combination of immunodominance and viral escape from CD8(+) T-cell responses.
Locating secret messages in images

Steganography involves hiding messages in innocuous media such as images, while steganalysis is the field of detecting these secret messages. The ultimate goal of steganalysis is two-fold: making a binary classification of a file as stego-bearing or innocent, and secondly, locating the hidden message with an aim to extracting, sterilizing or manipulating it. Almost all steganalysis approaches (known as attacks) focus on the first of these two issues. In this paper, we explore the difficult related problem: given that we know an image file contains steganography, locate which pixels contain the message. We treat the hidden message location problem as outlier detection using probability/energy measures of images motivated by the image restoration community. Pixels contributing the most to the energy calculations of an image are deemed outliers. Typically, of the top third of one percent of most energized pixels (outliers), we find that 87% are stego-bearing in color images and 61% in grayscale images. In all image types only 1% of all pixels are stego-bearing indicating our techniques provides a substantial lift over random guessing.
Evidence for a thyrotropin-releasing hormone inhibitor in the pineal gland.

Extracts of bovine pineal glands were filtered through Sephadex G-25 and tested for their effect on TRHinduced TSH release in cell cultures of dispersed rat pituitary glands. Highly significant anti-TRH activity was found in material which was retarded on G-25. This material was purified sequentially on Sephadex G-10, Sephadex LH-20, and high pressure reverse phase liquid chromatography columns. The ability of partially purified material to inhibit TRH-induced TSH release by dispersed pituitary cells and to displace [3H]TRH from pituitary tumor cell membranes was interpreted as evidence for a TRH inhibitory factor (TRH-IF) in bovine pineal glands. Evidence for binding to TRH receptors included parallel competition displacement curves with synthetic TRH and data showing that excess TRH could overcome both the inhibition of TRH-induced TSH release and the inhibition of [3H]TRH binding by TRH-IF. Copurification of anti-TRH bioactivity (as tested in dispersed pituitary cell cultures) and anti-TRH-binding acti...
Assessing the Career Mobility of U.S. Army Officers: 1950-1974

This article examines the promotion patterns of U.S. Army officers using data collected on officers serving on active duty from 1950-1974. Previous research suggests that graduation from a service academy provides officers with the advantages required to enter the military elite. The results of this study suggest that service academy officers do have an advantage in promotion to the elite ranks. This advantage, however, is not maintained throughout the rank structure. Academy graduates realize an advantage only at the rank of general. Additionally, the results suggest that institutional experience affects promotion patterns within the officer corps.
An Implementation of OBJ2: An Object-Oriented Language for Abstract Program Specification

This paper describes an implementation of a functional and object-oriented programming language called OBJ2. It is a programming language manifestation of a new programming paradigm called parametrization. Parametrization enables programs to be written in as general a form as possible. By choosing suitable parameter values, the generic objects can be tailored to a variety of applications. Theories provide semantic interface requirements of a parametrized object while views formally specify exactly how given objects satisfy given theories. Instantiation mechanisms provide the formal machinery for generating new objects from generic ones. OBJ2 programs are evaluated by interpreting equations as rewrite-rules. The underlying term rewriting system is assumed to have the Church-Rosser and finite termination properties. This implementation was done in Franz Lisp on a Vax 11/750, running Unix.
Sex Differences in Hepatic Heme Oxygenase Expression and Activity Following Trauma and Hemorrhagic Shock

Hypothesis Sex differentially influences heme oxygenase (HO) expression following trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Design Prospective controlled animal study. Setting A university laboratory. Interventions Female Sprague-Dawley rats in the proestrus stage of their estrus cycle and male rats underwent a 5-cm midline laparotomy (ie, induction of soft tissue trauma) and were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 35 mm Hg for approximately 90 minutes, after which they were resuscitated with Ringer lactate solution (4 × the shed blood volume). In another group of animals, tin protoporphyrin IX was used to block HO activity. Main Outcome Measures Liver samples were collected for analysis of HO expression and activity, plasma samples were collected, and alanine transaminase levels were determined 5 hours after resuscitation. Portal pressure and bile production were measured in vivo 5 hours after resuscitation. Results Trauma and hemorrhage induced a 2-fold increase in hepatic HO1 expression (the inducible form of HO) in proestrus females compared with males. Hepatic expression of HO2 (a constitutive isoform of HO) was unaffected by sex or trauma and hemorrhage. Blockade of HO in vivo with tin protoporphyrin IX abolished the sex differences caused by diverse HO1 expression. Treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX also elevated the portal pressure, decreased bile production, and increased alanine transaminase to similar levels in proestrus females and males following trauma and hemorrhage. Conclusions Sex influences the hepatic expression of HO1 following trauma and hemorrhage. The enhanced induction of HO1 expression and activity in females after trauma and hemorrhage may attenuate hepatocellular dysfunction and injury by maintaining microcirculation via the increased production of carbon monoxide.
The contribution of passive-elastic mechanisms to lower extremity joint kinetics during human walking

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of passive mechanisms to lower extremity joint kinetics in normal walking at slow, comfortable, and fast speeds. Twenty healthy young adults participated in a passive testing protocol in which the relaxed lower limb was manipulated through full sagittal hip, knee, and ankle ranges of motion while kinematics and applied forces were simultaneously measured. The relationship between passive joint moments and angles was modeled by a set of exponential functions that accounted for the stretch of uniarticular structures and biarticular muscles. Subject specific walking kinematics (80%, 100%, and 120% of preferred speed) were input into the passive models to estimate joint moments, power, and work attributable to passive mechanisms. Passive hip flexion moments were substantial from late stance through early swing, absorbing approximately 40% of the net negative work done during hip extension and producing over half of the net positive work done during the hip flexor power burst (H3). Passive ankle plantarflexor moments were also produced during pre-swing, but generated a smaller percentage (� 10%) of the net ankle plantarflexor power burst (A2). The joint work attributed to passive structures increased significantly (p < 0.05) with walking speed. The biarticular rectus femoris and gastrocnemius allowed for net passive energy absorption at the knee and subsequent return at the hip and ankle (p < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that passive-elastic mechanisms can contribute substantially to normal human walking and that biarticular muscles play a role in passively transferring energy between joints. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Selective MOCVD growth of ZnO nanotips

ZnO is a wide bandgap semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 3.32eV at room temperature. It is a candidate material for ultraviolet LED and laser. ZnO has an exciton binding energy of 60 meV, much higher than that of GaN. It is found to be significantly more radiation hard than Si, GaAs, and GaN, which is critical against wearing out during field emission. Furthermore, ZnO can also be made as transparent and highly conductive, or piezoelectric. ZnO nanotips can be grown at relatively low temperatures, giving ZnO a unique advantage over the other nanostructures of wide bandgap semiconductors, such as GaN and SiC. In the present work, we report the selective growth of ZnO nanotips on various substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. ZnO nanotips grown on various substrates are single crystalline, n-type conductive and show good optical properties. The average size of the base of the nanotips is 40 nm. The room temperature photoluminescence peak is very intense and sharp with a full-width-half-maximum of 120 meV. These nanotips have potential applications in field emission devices, near-field microscopy, and UV photonics.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a comorbidity of childhood obesity

Childhood obesity is a worldwide health problem associated with an increase in the prevalence and severity of comorbid conditions including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The increasing number of children with NAFLD presents a major public health concern. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the understanding of the epidemiology, diagnosis, histology, pathogenesis and treatment of pediatric NAFLD and highlights ongoing challenges and unmet needs in the area.
A Role for the Brain RAS in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.

The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has available the necessary functional components to produce the active ligands angiotensins II, III, IV, angiotensin (1-7), and angiotensin (3-7). These ligands interact with several receptor proteins including AT1, AT2, AT4 and Mas distributed within the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as local RASs in several organs. This review first describes the enzymatic pathways in place to synthesize these ligands and the binding characteristics of these angiotensin receptor subtypes. We next discuss current hypotheses to explain the disorders of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), as well as research efforts focused on the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), in their treatment. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are showing promise in the treatment of several neurodegenerative pathologies; however, there is a need for the development of analogues capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier and acting as agonists or antagonists at these receptor sites. Angiotensins II (AngII) and IV (Ang(IV) have been shown to play opposing roles regarding memory acquisition and consolidation in animal models. We discuss the development of efficacious AngIV analogues in the treatment of animal models of AD and PD. These AngIV analogues act via the AT4 receptor subtype which may coincide with the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met receptor system. Finally, future research directions are described concerning new approaches to the treatment of these two neurological diseases.
Heterogeneity of monosomy 3 in fine needle aspiration biopsy of choroidal melanoma

Purpose To report on the heterogeneity of monosomy 3 in a fine needle aspiration biopsy obtained transsclerally from choroidal melanoma for prognosis.
Similarity-based retrieval of temporal documents

In this paper, we describe a similarity-based retrieval framework that addresses the challenges associated with the temporal nature of multimedia documents. Multimedia documents consist of multiple media objects and a set of specifications (eg. temporal) that tie these objects together. Therefore, we describe similarity/dissimilarity measures that aim to capture document authors' intensions. We use a prioritized constraint-based framework to evaluate these measures. We also develop algorithms that efficiently compute these measures for special cases.
A compact fiber-optic immunosensor for Salmonella based on evanescent wave excitation

Abstract A compact fiber-optic evanescent-wave sensing system that features all-fiber optical design and red semiconductor-laser excitation has been developed and tested. A 2 × 2 fiber coupler directs the input light to the SMA-connected sensing fiber tip and the fluorescent signal back to a CCD fiber spectrophotometer. In this system, the fluorescent signal is confined in the fiber system so the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved and the system can be operated in ambient light conditions. A diode laser as the source has the advantages of small volume, ruggedness, low cost and stability; more importantly, since biological matrices demonstrate minimal fluorescent background at the laser wavelength of 650 nm, this system can reduce the background signal of non-essential biomolecules. To illustrate the biosensor's diagnostic capabilities, a sandwich immunoassay to detect Salmonella was developed. Tapered fiber tips with different shapes and treatments were studied and optimized. The system could detect Salmonella with a concentration as low as 104 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU ml−1).
The impact of coagulopathy on traumatic splenic injuries.

Abstract Background Patients with pre-injury coagulopathy have worse outcomes than those without coagulopathy. This article investigated the risk-adjusted effect of pre-injury coagulopathy on outcomes after splenic injuries. Methods Review of the National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 to 2010 comparing mortality and complications between splenic injury patients with and without a pre-injury bleeding disorder. Results Of 58,896 patients, 2% had a bleeding disorder. Coagulopathic patients had higher odds of mortality (odds ratio, 1.3), sepsis (odds ratio, 2.0), acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio, 2.6), acute renal failure (odds ratio, 1.5), cardiac arrest (odds ratio, 1.5), and overall complications (odds ratio, 2.4). The higher odds of myocardial infarction did not achieve statistical significance (odds ratio, 1.6). Conclusions Pre-injury coagulopathy in patients with splenic injury has a negative impact on cardiac arrest, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, and mortality. The higher likelihood of myocardial infarction did not reach statistical significance.
Inducibility of Hepatic CYP1A Enzymes by 3-Methylcholanthrene and Isosafrole Differs in Male Rats Fed Diets Containing Casein, Soy Protein Isolate or Whey from Conception to Adulthood

Hepatic cytochrome P 450 (CYP)1A1 and 1A2 enzymes were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats derived from 5-7 litters fed diets in which the protein source was casein, soy protein isolate or whey. At age 65 d, rats were gavaged with corn oil (vehicle), 40 mg/kg 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or 75 mg/kg isosafrole (ISO). Hepatic expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA, apoprotein and associated monooxygenase activities were measured 17 h later. No significant dietary effects were observed on basal expression of either enzyme. However, interactions between diet and the two inducers (3-MC and ISO) were observed in soy-fed rats for ethoxy- and methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 apoprotein and mRNA (P < 0.05). The level of induction of CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein was lower in rats fed soy diets than in rats fed casein diets (P < 0.05), and the level of induced CYP1A2 mRNA was lower in rats fed soy or whey (P < 0.05) after treatment with the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-dependent inducer 3-MC. This was accompanied by a 50% reduction in constitutive levels of the Ah receptor in liver cytosol of soy-fed, relative to casein-fed rats, and a slightly smaller reduction in whey-fed rats. Expression of the Ah receptor correlated with 3-MC-inducibility of CYP1A1 mRNA in rats fed the three diets. In contrast, in rats induced with ISO, which does not bind to the Ah receptor and induces CYP1As via different mechanisms than 3-MC, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and levels of CYP1A1 apoprotein and mRNA were elevated to a greater degree in soy-fed than in casein- or whey-fed rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, after ISO treatment, induction of methoxyresorufin O-demethylase activity, CYP1A2 apoprotein and mRNA levels was observed only in rats fed soy (P < 0.05). These data suggest potential effects of dietary protein source on metabolism of a wide variety of CYP1A substrates, including environmental and dietary carcinogens, many of which induce their own metabolism.
Explicit feedback in local search tasks

Modern search engines make extensive use of people's contextual information to finesse result rankings. Using a searcher's location provides an especially strong signal for adjusting results for certain classes of queries where people may have clear preference for local results, without explicitly specifying the location in the query direct-ly. However, if the location estimate is inaccurate or searchers want to obtain many results from a particular location, they have limited control on the location focus in the search results returned. In this paper we describe a user study that examines the effect of offering searchers more control over how local preferences are gathered and used. We studied providing users with functionality to offer explicit relevance feedback (ERF) adjacent to results automatically identi-fied as location-dependent (i.e., more from this location). They can use this functionality to indicate whether they are interested in a particular search result and desire more results from that result's location. We compared the ERF system against a baseline (NoERF) that used the same underlying mechanisms to retrieve and rank results, but did not offer ERF support. User performance was as-sessed across 12 experimental participants over 12 location-sensitive topics, in a fully counter-balanced design. We found that participants interacted with ERF frequently, and there were signs that ERF has the potential to improve success rates and lead to more efficient searching for location-sensitive search tasks than NoERF.
The Education Value Of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a technique for supplying computer facilities and providing access to software via the Internet. Cloud computing represents a contextual shift in how computers are provisioned and accessed. One of the defining characteristics of cloud software service is the transfer of control from the client domain to the service provider. Another is that the client benefits from economy of scale on the part of the provider. Cloud computing is particularly attractive to small and medium-sized educational institutions, because it represents a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than alternative modalities.
Biblical Themes and Modern Literature

The following article describes an alternative undergraduate introduction to the Bible course which uses six biblical selections in tandem with six readings from modern literature. Besides being an introduction to various forms of literary criticism, this format makes the biblical ideas more obviously relevant and invites students to theologize personally. Eventually the course becomes a biblical anthropology.
In-Situ Metrology System for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Process

Abstract Complex metal parts produced by additive manufacturing processes are often very difficult to dimensionally characterize by traditional contact and non-contact metrology systems. The most efficient and effective approach to measuring metal additively produced parts, particularly those produced in a laser powder bed fusion process, is to measure each layer of the part as it is sintered. In this layer-wise measurement approach, what are internal and obscured features in the final part are accessible to measurement while the part build is still in process. This paper describes the development of a metrology system which performs non-contact measurement of a nickel powder laser fusion system. The metrology system discussed herein uses a traditional machine vision linear approximation to measure the planar dimensions of each build layer, and a phase shifting fringe projection system to produce an area height profile of each layer. The independent measurements can be combined to produce a high density 3D point cloud of the final part, including all internal and obscured features. This project is ongoing, and results are incomplete.
Between Game Theory and Institutional Studies: The Dual-Dualities of the Institutional Process

Abstract. In institutional studies various concepts and terms have been proposed to describe institutional phenomena and their nature. They include behavioral regularity, habituation, collective intentionality, common knowledge, shared beliefs, artifacts, rules of the game, system of signs, and many more. Depending on which of these are adopted as major concepts, varied methodologies may be distinguished. This paper attempts to relate some of these concepts into a unified framework for an understanding of institutional phenomena and processes. Specifically, it interprets some achievements in epistemic and potential game theory in the context of institutional studies. Although game theory is sometimes regarded as a quintessential example of the theoretical approach based on methodological individualism, it suggests that notions of external artifacts (public representations) and internal mental states (internal representations), as well as those of agency and sociality, should not be taken as opposing concepts. The combination of these four elements suggests the dual-dualities of institutional processes.
Population dynamics of some Pakistan mosquitoes: changes in adult relative abundance over time and space.

Time series and spatial changes in the relative abundance of 14 mosquito species were described from weekly or biweekly collections at nine localities in Punjab province, Pakistan, from January 1976 to June 1980. Comparisons between indoor aspirator catches and outdoor mechanical sweeper collections enabled mosquito resting habits to be classified as: (1) endophilic (Anopheles culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. stephensi, An. subpictus); (2) partially exophilic (An. annularis, An. pulcherrimus, An. nigerrimus, Culex bitaeniorhynchus, Cx, pseudovishnui, Cx, quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus), or exophilic (Cx. fuscocephala, Aedes caspius, Mansonia uniformis). Temporal abundance patterns were grouped by seasonality, overwintering strategies and the magnitude of fluctuation. Seasonal patterns were: (1) unimodal-spring (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. caspius); (2) unimodal-monsoon (An. nigerrimus, An. subpictus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. fuscocephala.); (3) bimodal-spring dominant (An. annularis, An. culicif...
Bending of Two-Layer Sandwich Plates

Bending of multilayer sandwich plates was treated by Liaw, Little, and Azar. The purpose of this note is to study the effect of the common shear angle upon the deflection of the plate by comparing the results obtained by them with those obtained by using a more rigorous approach.
A Stable, High-Contrast Mordant for Hematoxylin Staining

Small, quantities of sulfuric acid will stabilize iron mordants, used in hematoxylin staining, by preserving these solutions against oxidation. The presence of acetic acid in the mordant improves the specificity of the stain. A stable, high-contrast mordant is obtained when both acids are combined with ferric-ammonium sulfate. This mordant, used in combination with fresh alkaline solutions of hematoxylin, has been found especially effective in the staining of certain nuclear and cytoplasmic components of plant cells.
Physiochemical Response of Organic Molecules in Head-Disk Interface Under Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Environment

With the recent advances, data storage industries are pushing the limits of recording devices by heating the media with a pulsing laser. Although high-temperature operations may be favorable for the magnetic recording process, it increases the instability of the whole system. Lubricant molecules on the media surface can greatly be affected by this change. Previous experiments have reported signs of unknown substances contaminating the head component during the operation of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) which hinders the read/write capabilities of the device. In this paper, we have analyzed the nanoscale physical phenomena of several lubricant/organic molecules in the head–disk interface under the harsh conditions of HAMR via molecular dynamics simulation using the united atom model, coarse-grained, bead-spring model, and simple reactive sphere model. Our models simulated extreme temperature, high magnetic field strength, and effects of different media for two different perfluoropolyether molecules. Our preliminary simulation results provided few possible sources of the unknown materials and of those possibilities, evaporation seemed to be dominant.
Breed effects and heterosis in advanced generations of composite populations on actual weight, adjusted weight, hip height, and condition score of beef cows.

Heterosis effects were evaluated in three composite populations in F1, F2, and F3 generations separately and combined in 1-yr-old and from 2- through greater than or equal to 7-yr-old beef cows. Traits included actual weight, weight adjusted to a common condition score, hip height, and condition score. Breed effects were evaluated in the nine parental breeds (Red Poll [R], Hereford [H], Angus [A], Limousin [L], Braunvieh [B], Pinzgauer [P], Gelbvieh [G], Simmental [S], and Charolais [C]) that contributed to the three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4 B, 1/4 C, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A; MARC II = 1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A; and MARC III = 1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, 1/4 A). Breed group (parental breed and composite) effects were significant for all traits analyzed. The effects of heterosis were generally important (P less than .05) for all traits in F1, F2, and F3 generations separately and combined in the three composite populations. Generally, the magnitude of heterosis observed at 1 yr of age did not differ from that observed in cows from 2 through greater than or equal to 7 yr old. Adjusting weight to a common condition score resulted in an average reduction of heterosis effects on actual weight by approximately one-fourth. Thus, approximately one-fourth of the effects of heterosis on weight result from heterosis effects on condition score. Generally, retained heterosis in the F3 generation of either 1-yr-old or from 2-through greater than or equal to 7-yr-old cows of the three composite populations did not differ (P greater than .05) from expectation based on retained heterozygosity for the traits analyzed. These results support the hypothesis that heterosis for weight, hip height, and condition score of cows of these age classes is the result of dominance effects of genes.
Help Me Understand What I Can Expect While I’m Expecting: What Women in a Prenatal Yoga Class Communicate About Body Image, Fitness, and Health

Women experience myriad changes during pregnancy. When it comes to how women negotiate and communicate about their changing bodies, expectations, and health, the research is lacking. The current research reports the results of pilot study using an ethnography and in-depth interviews with women participating in a prenatal yoga class. The researcher observed the yoga sessions and conducted in-depth interviews with three of the participants in order to address further questions. The results indicated several themes regarding what characterizes the way women in the prenatal yoga class talk about body image, health, and fitness during pregnancy. These themes include: expressions of body image and fitness as communal, expressions of desire for relationship-building with women in similar situations, expressions of desire to maintain pre-pregnancy fitness, expressions that redefine “fitness” and “health,” expressions of concern about post-pregnancy fitness and weight loss, and expressions of self-consciousness.
Dapagliflozin as Additional Treatment to Liraglutide and Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Context: It is imperative that novel approaches to treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are devised. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether addition of dapagliflozin to insulin and liraglutide results in a significant reduction in glycemia and body weight. Design: This was a randomized clinical trial. Setting: The study was conducted at a single academic medical center. Participants: Participants included T1D patients on liraglutide therapy for at least last 6 months. Intervention: Thirty T1D patients were randomized (in 2:1 ratio) to receive either dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measure: Change in mean glycated hemoglobin after 12 weeks of dapagliflozin when compared with placebo was measured. Results: In the dapagliflozin group, glycated hemoglobin fell by 0.66% ± 0.08% from 7.8% ± 0.21% (P < .01 vs placebo), whereas it did not change significantly in the placebo group from 7.40% ± 0.20% to 7.30% ± 0.20%. The body weight fell by1.9 ± 0.54kg (P < ....
Lineage-Restricted OLIG2-RTK Signaling Governs the Molecular Subtype of Glioma Stem-like Cells.

Summary The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor OLIG2 is a master regulator of oligodendroglial fate decisions and tumorigenic competence of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of OLIG2 function during gliomagenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that OLIG2 modulates growth factor signaling in two distinct populations of GSCs, characterized by expression of either the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). Biochemical analyses of OLIG2 function in normal and malignant neural progenitors reveal a positive feedforward loop between OLIG2 and EGFR to sustain co-expression. Furthermore, loss of OLIG2 function results in mesenchymal transformation in PDGFRα HIGH GSCs, a phenomenon that appears to be circumscribed in EGFR HIGH GSCs. Exploitation of OLIG2′s dual and antithetical, pro-mitotic (EGFR-driven), and lineage-specifying (PDGFRα-driven) functions by glioma cells appears to be critical for sustaining growth factor signaling and GSC molecular subtype.
A soft decision syndrome decoding algorithm for convolutional codes

Bit decoding algorithms of convolutional codes are used for real-time systems. A syndrome decoder is shown to be an efficient way for very high data rate implementation. With soft decision signals, the performance of the decoder can be improved. Utilizing a signal-plus-noise channel model to specify a Q-level quantized AWGN channel or a binary input Q-ary output channel, one is able to define both errors and syndromes through an r-dimensional binary vector representation. A Q-level soft decision syndrome decoder based on this model is built. The binary vector representation is found to be unique under this construction. Performance is also shown via simulation. >
An Experiential Model of Evaluation: Incorporating Graduate Students in the Collection and Reporting of Mixed-Method Data

A graduate level course was developed which incorporated the experiential learning philosophy of “learning by doing.” Students gained knowledge about program development and evaluation through using an on-line course management system as well as practicing what they learned during on-site evaluation visits. All background and supplementary reading materials, assignments, chats, and discussions were managed on-line. Students applied what they learned and collected quantitative and qualitative data while conducting site visits throughout the semester. Through this experiential learning evaluation course students made meaning from their direct experiences, took time to reflect upon their learning, and felt confident in their abilities as future evaluators. Having a number of graduate students from a variety of backgrounds added a breadth of content at little or no extra cost. This additional data can be used with program staff and stakeholders for continuous program improvement.
Semi-asynchronous fault diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems

This paper proposes a diagnostics tool for a Discrete-Event System (DES) under uncertain activation conditions. This diagnosis tool, the diagnoser (as it is called), detects, identifies, and locates system faults in relation to a set of states of which the system under diagnosis could possibly be located, upon the diagnoser's instance of activation. This diagnoser is designed to diagnose system faults that occur prior to and/or after the diagnoser's activation; thus removing the procedural constraint of initializing the system and diagnoser synchronously. Illustrative examples are provided to detail the proposed diagnosis procedure.
Scandal and Stigma: Does Corporate Misconduct Affect the Future Compensation of Bystander Managers?

This paper explores whether a firm’s misconduct can affect the compensation of former managers who were neither at the firm at the time of misdeeds nor involved in the scandal. Results suggest that...
Anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity: biomarkers and “Omics” technology in the era of patient specific care

Anthracyclines are highly effective against a variety of malignancies. However, their dose-dependent cardiotoxic effects can potentially limit their use. In the past decade, serum biomarkers have been used to diagnose, monitor, predict, and prognosticate disease. Biomarkers such as cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides have some predictive value, but still lack reliability in this patient population. Novel biomarkers such as galectin-3, soluble ST-2 proteins, myeloperoxidase, and fibrocytes are being explored as potential biomarkers to reliably predict the onset of cardiotoxicity. Leveraging multiomics technology to map highly sensitive biomarkers in an integrated approach through pattern deconvolution may better define those at highest risk of developing cardiotoxicity and further the goal of precision medicine. In this work, we aim to provide a brief overview of traditional serum biomarkers, summarize current investigations on novel circulating biomarkers, and discuss a systems-based approach to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity through "omics" technology.