cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphogen Gradients: From Generation to Interpretation

Morphogens are long-range signaling molecules that pattern developing tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. The graded activity of morphogens within tissues exposes cells to different signal levels and leads to region-specific transcriptional responses and cell fates. In its simplest incarnation, a morphogen signal forms a gradient by diffusion from a local source and clearance in surrounding tissues. Responding cells often transduce morphogen levels in a linear fashion, which results in the graded activation of transcriptional effectors. The concentration-dependent expression of morphogen target genes is achieved by their different binding affinities for transcriptional effectors as well as inputs from other transcriptional regulators. Morphogen distribution and interpretation are the result of complex interactions between the morphogen and responding tissues. The response to a morphogen is dependent not simply on morphogen concentration but also on the duration of morphogen exposure and the state...
Effects of Spin in Multiple-Quark-Scattering Analysis of Proton-Proton Scattering

Proton-proton scattering is investigated in a model in which the protons are composed of quarks and the scattering is due to multiple collisions of the quarks. By including spin in the calculation it was hoped that the differential-cross-section data could be described without resorting to quark amplitudes with $t$-dependent phases to remove dips which appear in the calculation. The conclusion is that the dips persist even when spin effects are included.
Continuously delay-time tunable-waveguide hologram module for X-band phased-array antenna

Tunable optical true time-delay modules based on a dispersive waveguide hologram are presented to provide continuous radio-frequency beam scanning for an X-band (8-12 GHz) phased-array antenna system. The true time-delay modules operating in the 1550-nm region were fabricated with continuously tunable time delays from 5 to 64 ps. The far-field radiation patterns were measured with different delay combinations and the continuity of the scanning angles from 35/spl deg/ to 55/spl deg/ was experimentally confirmed at X-band frequencies.
Extracting More Capacity from Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Networks by Exploiting Power

Transmission power plays a crucial role in the design and performance of wireless networks. The issue is therefore complex since an increase in transmission power implies that a high quality signal is received at the receiver and hence an increase in channel capacity. Conversely, due to the shared nature of the wireless medium an increase in transmission power also implies high interference in the surrounding region and hence a quadratic reduction in the capacity of wireless networks. Recent literatures indicate that employing multiple channels can mitigate the negative effects of wireless interference and thus greatly improve the overall network capacity. Therefore, it is worth investigating the effect of exploiting power on the capacity of multi-channel multi-radio (MC-MR) wireless networks. Specifically, in this paper we address the following questions: (a) Can we maximize the capacity of MC-MR wireless networks by exploiting power? (b) Under what criteria can we increase the transmission power of the nodes in a MC-MR network? %In this paper, we address these issues and investigate the impact of employing high transmission power and multiple channels in a static wireless network when node placements are chosen arbitrarily. When $n$ nodes each with $m$ half-duplex interfaces are optimally deployed in a torus of unit area, traffic patterns are optimally assigned, each transmission's range is optimally chosen and in the presence of $c$ channels, we show that in contrast to the setting where nodes transmit at minimum power level $P_0$ the transport capacity, measured in bit-meters per second, of MC-MR network exploiting power is increased by $\Theta(\frac{c}{c_{min}})$ in region $c_{min} mn/2$ when nodes tune to transmit power level of $P_0(\frac{c}{c_{min}})^(\frac{\alpha}{2})$ and $P_0n^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}$ respectively. Where $c_{min}$ is the minimum number of channels required to achieve conflict-free transmissions in a network. Our analysis also sheds light into several insights that designers may want to consider to improve the performance of energy-efficient bandwidth-constrained wireless networks.
Security games with interval uncertainty

Security games provide a framework for allocating limited security resources in adversarial domains, and are currently used in deployed systems for LAX, the Federal Air Marshals, and the U.S. Coast Guard. One of the major challenges in security games is finding solutions that are robust to uncertainty about the game model. Bayesian game models have been used to model uncertainty, but algorithms for these games do not scale well enough for many applications. We take an alternative approach based on using intervals to model uncertainty in security games. We present a fast polynomial time algorithm for security games with interval uncertainty, which represents the first viable approach for computing robust solutions to very large security games. We also introduce a methodology for using intervals to approximate solutions to infinite Bayesian games with distributional uncertainty. Our experiments show that intervals can be an effective approach for these more general Bayesian games; our algorithm is faster and results in higher quality solutions than previous methods.
Hypotheses to be tested with unbalanced data

This paper provides the experimenter with one alternative when he is iaced with missing cells. This alternative is based on the assumption that the experimenter would test the usual hypotheses if the experiment had been balanced, The hypotheses suggested in this paper are derived from the hypotheses tested in the balanced case.
Influence of road reclamation techniques on forest ecosystem recovery

Road reclamation has emerged as an integral part of ecological restoration strategies, particularly on public lands. However, there are no consistent techniques for how road reclamation should be implemented to restore ecosystem structure and function. Resource managers are hindered by critical research gaps regarding the linkages between, as well as the effects of different restoration actions on, above- and belowground ecological and hydrological properties. In the western US, we examined how two road reclamation methods (recontouring and abandonment) affect ecosystem properties relative to “never-roaded” areas. Recontoured and abandoned sites displayed similar aboveground properties but exhibited notable differences in below-ground properties, including soil hydraulic conductivity, organic matter, total carbon, and total nitrogen, among others. Our findings suggest that recontouring can dramatically accelerate recovery of above- and belowground properties so they resemble never-roaded reference conditi...
Life Insurance Companies

Life insurance plays a vital part in the economic life of the United States, where it has achieved its broadest development. The benefits of life insurance have not been confined to the well-to-do but have been spread widely throughout the population. The American urban home in which no insurance is carried is rare indeed.
Microscopic theory of exclusion statistics

We present a microscopic theory of exclusion statistics, based on an analogy with the exactly solved integrable one-dimensional systems. The resulting theory differs from the usual theory of mutual exclusion statistics by certain dimension-dependent features. As an example, we carry out a calculation of the ground-state properties, low-lying excitations, and thermodynamics of a system of spinless fermions in two dimensions, obeying pure exclusion statistics.
STUDY OF A CHROMAFFIN CELL TUMOR OF THE ADRENAL

PERHAPS lack of physiologic studies undertaken on tissues removed at operation and autopsy has kept knowledge of the functional aspects of endocrine tumors imperfectly developed. Such studies even today are a rarity. This fact prompts publication of work in which we were fortunately able to carry out extract studies on a medullary chromaffin cell tu’ mor secured very shortly after death. These dark brown pigmented tumors, usually of relatively small size, have been described (1, 2). Their comparative morphology is given by Peyron (3); recent summaries are those of Rabin (4) and of Lewis and Geschickter (5). The clinical aspects were reviewed in 1937 (6).
An improved covariance assignment theory for discrete systems

For discrete systems, the set of all state covariances X which can be assigned to the closed-loop system via a dynamic controller is characterized explicitly. For any assignable state covariance X, the set of all controllers that assign this X to the closed-loop system is parameterized with an arbitrary orthonormal matrix U of proper dimension. >
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine in brain : Regional concentrations, catabolism, and the effects of methionine sulfoximine.

Administration of methionine sulfoximine (MSO) to rats and mice significantly decreased cerebral levels of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy). Concurrent administration of methionine prevented this decrease and, when methionine was given alone, significantly elevated AdoHcy levels resulted in both species. Regionally, AdoHcy levels varied from 20 nmol/g in rat cerebellum and spinal cord to about 60 nmol/g in hypothalamus and midbrain. MSO decreased AdoHcy in all regions tested except striatum, midbrain, and spinal cord. AdoMet/AdoHcy ratios (methylation index) varied from 0.48 in hypothalamus to 2.4 in cerebellum, and MSO administration decreased these ratios in all regions except hypothalamus. AdoHcy hydrolase activity was lowest in hypothalamus, highest in brainstem and, generally, varied inversely with regional AdoHcy levels. MSO decreased AdoHcy hydrolase activity in all regions except hypothalamus and spinal cord. Cycloleucine administration resulted in significantly decreased levels of mouse brain AdoHcy, whereas the administration of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) failed to affect AdoHcy levels. It is concluded that (a) cerebral AdoHcy levels are more tightly regulated than are those of AdoMet after MSO administration, (b) slight fluctuations of AdoHcy levels may be important in regulating AdoHcy hydrolase activity and hence AdoHcy catabolism in vivo, (c) the AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio reflects the absolute AdoMet concentration rather than the transmethylation flux, (d) the decreased AdoMet
The evaluation of hollow-fiber ultrafiltration and celite concentration of enteroviruses, adenoviruses and bacteriophage from different water matrices

The collection of waterborne pathogen occurrence data often requires the concentration of microbes from large volumes of water due to the low number of microorganisms that are typically present in environmental and drinking waters. Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) has shown promise in the recovery of various microorganisms. This study has demonstrated that the HFUF primary concentration method is effective at recovering bacteriophage φX174, poliovirus, enterovirus 70, echovirus 7, coxsackievirus B4 and adenovirus 41 from large volumes of tap and river water with an average recovery of all viruses of 73.4% and 81.0%, respectively. This study also evaluated an effective secondary concentration method using celite for the recovery of bacteriophage and enteric viruses tested from HFUF concentrates of both matrices. Overall, the complete concentration method (HFUF primary concentration plus celite secondary concentration) resulted in a concentration factor of 3333 and average recoveries for all viruses from tap and river waters of 60.6% and 60.0%, respectively.
Utilization of Aging Network Services by Elderly Persons With Mental Retardation

Examined was the extent to which 373 programs in eight types of services provided by the aging network in Massachusetts were utilized by elderly persons with mental retardation. Based on a mailed survey, it was found that over half the programs (52%) had served such clients in 1987. In 2 of the 8 types of services, clients with mental retardation constituted at least 10% of the caseload. Characteristics that differentiated programs that provided services to persons with mental retardation and programs that did not were reported. The policy implications of the findings were discussed.
Time-optimal parallel algorithms for constructing optimal virtual cellular networks

In a cellular network, the base stations are not necessarily uniformly distributed, and their corresponding cell sizes are not necessarily the same. For example, a cell in a well-populated city cell is usually smaller than a cell in a rural area. To study a cellular network with non-uniform cell sizes, one approach is to use a virtual cellular network with a uniform cell size such that each virtual cell contains at most one base station. This paper has proposed parallel algorithms for meshes with multiple broadcasting to construct virtual mesh and honeycomb cellular networks for non-uniformly distributed base stations. The constructed virtual cellular networks are optimal in the sense that their corresponding uniform cell sizes reach the largest possible. The algorithms run in O(log n) time on a mesh with multiple broadcasting of size n/spl times/n to construct optimal virtual mesh and honeycomb cellular networks for n non-uniformly distributed base stations. Furthermore, those algorithms are time-optimal.
Search and Prices in the Medigap Insurance Market

This paper studies search and prices in the Medigap insurance market. Using data on market shares, insurer characteristics, and plan prices, we estimate to what extent prices can be explained by search and product dierentiation. In our model, consumers search across Medigap insurers for prices as well as plan types. Our estimates indicate search costs are substantial: the estimated median cost of searching for an insurer is $30. Using the estimated parameters we nd that eliminating search costs could result in price decreases of as much as $63 (or 3.7 percent), along with increases in average consumer welfare of up to $236.
Evaluation of a Second-Tier Classroom-Based Assignment Completion Strategy for Middle School Students in a Resource Context:

Students who struggle academically often struggle with assignment completion. Poor assignment completion is attributable to both student cognitive and motivational barriers. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an intervention designed to improve assignment completion for middle school students who struggle academically. Seventh graders with diverse educational and behavioral profiles in a resource room context learned to use an organization system to facilitate assignment management while in the resource classroom. The intervention was applied at the classroom level to address implementation barriers encountered while piloting the system with individual students. Using a single-subject design methodology, we demonstrated a functional relation between the intervention and assignment completion skills for two of three participants. Classroom-wide application facilitated implementation and positive effects were maintained 1 month postintervention. Additional implementation and intervention implications...
Pediatric nurse practitioners specializing with survivors of childhood cancer

The evolution of the role of the pediatric nurse practitioner in oncology specializing in the care of childhood cancer survivors is described, with certain aspects of the role solidified or expanded and new functions added. The early concept of the role included three interdependent functions: (a) clinician/caregiver, (b) educator, and (c) researcher. The functions of specialty care provider and educator remain strong; the role of researcher has been expanded, and new role components, clinical/program manager and consultant, have been added. The central focus for the pediatric nurse practitioner in oncology is the survivor and family, which is extended to the clinic population and related groups by the blending of the pediatric nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist roles. Any role function on behalf of this clinical population should be assumed as necessary to provide comprehensive care.
Continuous Measurement of Oxygen Consumption by Pancreatic Islets

The rate of oxygen consumption is an important measure of mitochondrial function in all aerobic cells. In pancreatic beta cells, it is linked to the transduction mechanism that mediates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. However, measurement of oxygen consumption over long periods of time is technically difficult owing to the error resulting from baseline drift and the challenge of measuring small changes in oxygen tension. We have adapted an ultrastable oxygen sensor based on the detection of the decay of the phosphorescent emission from an oxygen-sensitive dye to a previously developed islet flow culture system. The drift of the sensor is approximately 0.3%/24 h, allowing for the continuous measurement of oxygen consumption by 300 islets (or about 6 × 105 cells) for hours or days. Rat islets placed in the perifusion chamber for 24 h were well maintained as reflected by membrane integrity, insulin secretion, and oxygen consumption. Both acute changes in oxygen consumption as induced by glucose and chr...
2,6‐Bis[(4S)‐4‐isopropyloxazolin‐2‐yl]pyridine

[118949-61-4] C17H23N3O2 (MW 301.38) InChI = 1S/C17H23N3O2/c1-10(2)14-8-21-16(19-14)12-6-5-7-13(18-12)17-20-15(9-22-17)11(3)4/h5-7,10-11,14-15H,8-9H2,1-4H3/t14-,15-/m1/s1 InChIKey = CSGQGLBCAHGJDR-HUUCEWRRSA-N [131864-67-0] C17H23N3O2 (MW = 301.38) InChI = 1S/C17H23N3O2/c1-10(2)14-8-21-16(19-14)12-6-5-7-13(18-12)17-20-15(9-22-17)11(3)4/h5-7,10-11,14-15H,8-9H2,1-4H3/t14-,15-/m1/s1 InChIKey = CSGQGLBCAHGJDR-HUUCEWRRSA-N (reagent used as a ligand for various asymmetric metal-catalyzed reactions) Alternate Name: (S)-i-Pr-PyBox. Physical Data: crystalline solid, mp 152–153 °C; −116.8 (c 1.01, CH2Cl2). Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: solid; commercially available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: toxicity unknown; as with all organic chemicals, use only in a well-ventilated fume hood is recommended.
PhantomNet: Research Infrastructure for Mobile Networking, Cloud Computing and Software-Defined Networking

The PhantomNet facility allows experimenters to combine mobile networking, cloud computing and software-defined networking in a single environment. It is an end-to-end testbed, meaning that it supports experiments not just with mobile end-user devices but also with a cellular core network that can be configured and extended with new technologies. This article introduces PhantomNet and presents a road map for its future development. The current PhantomNet prototype is available now at no cost to researchers and educational users.
Insights into Acetone Photochemistry on Rutile TiO2(110). 1. Off-Normal CH3 Ejection from Acetone Diolate

Thermal- and photon-stimulated reactions of acetone coadsorbed with oxygen on rutile TiO2(110) surface are studied with infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) combined with temperature-programmed desorption and angle-resolved photon stimulated desorption. IRAS results show that η2-acetone diolate ((CH3)2COO) is produced via thermally activated reactions between the chemisorbed oxygen and coadsorbed acetone. Formation of acetone diolate is also consistent with 18O/16O isotopic exchange experiments. During UV irradiation at 30 K, CH3 radicals are ejected from the acetone diolate with a distribution that is peaked at ∼±66° from the surface normal along the [110] azimuth (i.e., perpendicular to the rows of bridging oxygen and Ti5c ions). This distribution is also consistent with the orientation of the C–CH3 bonds in the η2-acetone diolate on TiO2(110). The acetone diolate peaks disappear from the IRAS spectra after UV irradiation, and new peaks are observed and associated with η2-acetate. The dat...
Towards Understanding Post-recovery Efficiency for Shrinking and Non-shrinking Recovery

We explore the post-recovery efficiency of shrinking and non-shrinking recovery schemes on high performance computing systems using a synthetic benchmark. We study the impact of network topology on post-recovery communication performance. Our experiments on the IBM BG/Q System Mira show that shrinking recovery can deliver up to 7.5 % better efficiency for neighbor communication pattern, as the non-shrinking recovery can reduce communication performance. We expected a similar situation for our synthetic benchmark with collective communication, but the situation is quite different. Both shrinking and non-shrinking recovery reduce MPI performance (MPICH3.1) dramatically on collective communication; up to 14\(\times \) worse, swamping any differences between the two approaches. This suggests that making MPI performance less sensitive to irregularity in performance and communicator size are critical for both recovery approaches.
The Hidden History of the Equal Rights Amendment

This book explores the origins and history of the debate over the Equal Rights Amendment (the ERA). Co-authored with the late Hal Draper, the book explores the competition between two different approaches to the rights of women workers. These approaches can be characterized broadly as the "pure" feminist approach of Alice Paul and the National Organization for Women and the "social" feminist approach advocated by Florence Kelley and Eleanor Roosevelt. Special attention is paid to the battle between union women in California with the California branch of the NOW.
Enhancing Family Communication: Examining the Impact of a Therapeutic Wilderness Program for Struggling Teens and Parents

Every year approximately 130 families participate in Intercept, a program for struggling teens and their families at the Voyageur Outward Bound School, because they are concerned about the loss of trust, poor communication, and/or other high-risk behaviors they are experiencing with their children. Though families hope for improvements in family functioning, little research has been done on the impact of this type of program on the parent/child relationship or how families function once they leave the program. This phenomenological study collected qualitative data from nine families to determine what positive relationship outcomes emerged between parent(s) and their adolescent child post-program, as well as what aspects of the program curriculum were helpful in improving the parent/child relationship. Results showed that communication among family members improved as a result of participation in the Outward Bound program, and families reported utilizing new skills they had learned, including the use of time-outs, improved listening, and other assertive communication tools. Families reported that the parent/child conference at the end of the program was the most helpful aspect of the Intercept curriculum for improving the parent/child relationship. Implications for family therapy include support for therapeutic wilderness programs as a viable intervention for families of high-risk teens struggling with communication.
Service journalism as community experience: Personal technology and personal finance at The New York Times

This paper looks at service journalism and its evolution as a community platform through blog comments and social media through a case study of two sections of The New York Times' business section: the personal finance section and the personal technology section. The paper proceeds through a discussion of the importance of networked journalism, and relies on in-depth qualitative interviews with the journalists closest to the decisions being made about how service journalism at the Times becomes a participatory experience for readers. The article argues that a Web 2.0 world facilitates a community experience that changes the one-to-many relationship that journalists have with their readers; instead, journalists make decisions about coverage and engage in conversations with readers in response to this new relationship with readers.
Introduction to Grand Canyon geology

Karlstrom, K.E., Timmons, J.M., and Crossey, L.J., 2012, Introduction to Grand Canyon geology, in Timmons, J.M., and Karlstrom, K.E., eds., Grand Canyon Geology: Two Billion Years of Earth’s History: Geological Society of America Special Paper 489, p. 1–6, doi:10.1130/2012.2489(00). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. © 2012 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION
Effects of low concentrations of asbestos. Clinical, environmental, radiologic and epidemiologic observations in shipyard pipe coverers and controls.

Abstract Low-level asbestos exposure, as occurs in pipe coverers in new ship construction, has not been considered dangerous. We surveyed 101 such workers and 94 controls matched for age, duration of employment and smoking habits in a New England yard. Dust exposure, under surveillance for 20 years, had been near the then recommended threshold limit value of 5 million particles per cubic foot (mppcf). "Asbestosis" was defined by presence of three or more of five standardized clinical abnormalities including dyspnea, rales, finger clubbing, reduced vital capacity and x-ray shadows. The latter were judged by three observers unaware of the exposure history. "Asbestosis" was 11 times more common among pipe coverers than among controls; it was found first after 13 years of exposure or 60 mppcf-years, and the prevalence was 38 per cent after 20 years. This study emphasizes that low concentrations of asbestos can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and supports the need for lower threshold limit values.
Effect of diet on the response of chicks to folic acid.

SummaryA study of the effects of dietary constituents upon the activity of synthetic folic acid in chick nutrition shows that no definite requirement for this compound can be established since the response to a given amount of folic acid depends upon the type of ration used. Folic acid produced the least response with high-fat diets or diets containing glucose, sucrose, or starch as the sole carbohydrate, and the best response with diets containing high protein, low fat, or corn-meal and dextrin as the carbohydrates.Hemoglobin responses were better on diets containing dextrin or corn-meal than diets containing other carbohydrates.Feather development cannot be correlated with either the amount of folic acid in the diet or the rate of growth of the chicks when low levels of folic acid are included in the diet.Whole liver substance when added to a diet containing sucrose as the carbohydrate gave an increased growth response that could not be attributed to its folic acid content.We thank Merck and Company, In...
Acoustic Effects of Wearing an M40 Mask with Hood on Speech Perception Anf Roduction

The objective of this experiment was to quantify and localize the effects of wearing the nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) M40 protective mask and hood on speech production and perception. A designated speaker's vocalizations of 192 monosyllables while wearing an M40 mask with hood were digitized and used as speech stimuli. Another set of speech stimuli was produced by recording the same individual's vocalizing the same monosyllables without the mask and hood. Participants listened to one set of stimuli during two sessions, one session while wearing an M40 mask with hood and another session without the mask and hood. The results showed that wearing the mask with hood gave most detrimental effects on the sustention dimension acoustically for both speech perception and production. The results also showed that wearing it was detrimental on vocalizing and listening to fricatives and unvoiced-stops. These results may be due to the muffling effect of the voicemitter in speech production and the filtering ...
Über die GattungKatodinium Fott (=Massartia Conrad)

1. Es werden die von den verschiedenen Autoren als typisch angesehenen Merkmale der GattungKatodinium Fott (=Massartia Conrad) diskutiert. Dabei soll besonders darauf hingewiesen werden, dass die Auffassung vonSchiller, nach der die bisher als Hypovalva beschriebene Zellhalfte als Epivalva betrachtet wird, abgelehnt werden muss. 2. Die verschiedenen Merkmale werden zu einer ausfuhrlichen Gattungsdiagnose zusammengefasst. 3. Die heute bekannten Susswasserarten werden in einem Bestimmungsschlussel zusammengestellt und anschliessend beschrieben. 4. Von den insgesamt 22 Susswasserarten sind 4species novae und werden in dieser Arbeit erstmals beschrieben. Zwei davon sind chlorophyllfuhrende Formen. 5. 4 zu streichende Arten werden erwahnt; ebenso wird darauf hingewiesen, dass auch einige andere Arten noch nicht vollstandig bekannt sind.
Exploiting Conformational Dynamics of Structurally Tuned Aryl-Substituted Terpyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes to Inhibit Charge Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

To explore the impact of dye structure on photoinduced interfacial electron-transfer (ET) processes, a series of systematically tuned 4′-aryl-substituted terpyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes have been studied in TiO2 film and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device settings. Structural tuning is achieved by the introduction of methyl substituents at the ortho positions of a ligand aryl moiety. Solar power conversion efficiencies are measured, and these values are deconstructed to better understand the fundamental processes that control light-to-current conversion. Injection yields are identified as the primary factor limiting efficiencies, due in large part to significant nonradiative decay pathways in these bis-terpyridyl Ru(II) systems. Encouragingly, the addition of methyl steric bulk is found to inhibit charge recombination, with measured recombination lifetimes increasing by over 12-fold across the series of structurally tuned complexes. If injection yields can be improved, the structural tuning of rec...
Juxtaposed epicardial-pericardial clips. An adjunct to the differential diagnosis of hemopericardium, pericardial tamponade, and primary low cardiac output syndrome after open-heart surgery.

The use of two juxtaposed metallic clips, one on the inferior atriotomy and one on the adjacent pericardium, has been of great value in interpreting the widened postoperative heart shadow. When the clips are separated less than 0.5 cm., negligible amounts of blood are present in the pericardial sac. Separation of 1 cm. or more signifies excessive bleeding and/or clot formation and alerts the surgeon to the diagnosis of pericardial tamponade requiring emergency sternotomy for correction.
A dualband WLAN access point antenna

In this paper, the simulation results of a dual band access point antenna for WLAN applications have been presented. As shown in the results, the input impedances at the center of both bands are about 50 ohms. Therefore, an additional matching network is not necessary. This means there is no efficiency loss due to adding matching networks. The radiation patterns are basically omnidirectional. Although the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands are used here, similar results can be obtained for the GSM and DCS band, and 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz ISM bands. The grounded monopoles with the same length are used in the analysis. However, different lengths can be used for radiation pattern control, especially to reduce the gain variations in the 5 GHz band. Furthermore the design ideas presented here can be used for tri-band applications if the grounded monopoles with different lengths are used.
Making memristors a reality: Advances in physical understanding and device integration

Summary form only given. Memristors are the fourth fundamental circuit element which was predicted in the early 1970's and reduced to practice in 2008. Unlike capacitors or inductors, memristors do not store charge or energy, but do store information. This quality makes them a candidate for next generation memory technology, potentially replacing Flash and DRAM, whose ability to scale to future technology nodes is limited by the fact that they rely on stored charge. Because of the ability to create highly non-linear memristive devices, this technology is feasible for true crossbar memories -without requiring select transistors.
Feasibility, qualitative findings and satisfaction of a brief Tai Chi mind-body programme for veterans with post-traumatic stress symptoms

Objective To examine feasibility, qualitative feedback and satisfaction associated with a 4-session introduction to Tai Chi for veterans with post-traumatic stress symptoms. Design We observed and reported recruitment and retention rates, participant characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction across 2 cohorts. We also examined qualitative feedback provided by questionnaires, focus groups and individual interviews. Main outcome measures Rates of recruitment and retention, focus group and individual feedback interviews, self-reported satisfaction. Participants 17 veterans with post-traumatic stress symptoms. Results Almost 90% (17/19) of those eligible following the telephone screen enrolled in the programme. Three-quarters (76.4%) of the participants attended at least 3 of the 4 Tai Chi sessions. Qualitative data analysis revealed themes indicating favourable impressions of the Tai Chi sessions. In addition, participants reported feeling very engaged during the sessions, and found Tai Chi to be helpful for managing distressing symptoms (ie, intrusive thoughts, concentration difficulties, physiological arousal). Participants also reported high satisfaction: 93.8% endorsed being very or mostly satisfied with the programme. All participants (100%) indicated that they would like to participate in future Tai Chi programmes and would recommend it to a friend. Conclusions Tai Chi appears to be feasible and safe for veterans with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is perceived to be beneficial and is associated with high rates of satisfaction. This study highlights the need for future investigation of Tai Chi as a novel intervention to address symptoms of PTSD.
Paul Nurse and Pierre Thuriaux on Wee Mutants and Cell Cycle Control

![Figure][1] In 1974, Paul Nurse was searching for fission yeast mutants that were larger than normal when he instead found one that was smaller. This unexpected wee mutant (named for its discovery in Scotland) led Nurse to identify a critical regulator of the cell cycle, and helped him win a
Multipoint Thermal Sensors Associated with Improved Oncologic Outcomes Following Cryoablation.

Cryoablation (CA) is a minimally invasive modality for the management of small renal cortical neoplasms (RCN). Effective ablation is dependent on achieving target temperatures during CA that result in tumor cell death. We investigated long-term oncologic outcomes following CA using multipoint thermal sensors (MTS), which allow precise temperature determination at four points along the needle.We performed a retrospective review of 20 patients with <4 cm RCN who underwent de novo CA from 2005 to 2009. In 11 procedures, MTS needles were deployed with the goal of obtaining -20°C at the tumor margin, while 9 were done without MTS. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and CA procedure data were retrieved and analyzed. Follow-up CT or MRI was used to assess recurrence status.With a mean follow-up of 45 months, none of the 11 patients experienced a recurrence in the MTS group, compared with 4 of 9 (44.4%) patients in the non-MTS group (p = 0.026). Of the biopsy-confirmed renal cancers, none of the 6 in the MTS group, compared with 3 of 6 (50%) in the non-MTS group, recurred (p = 0.182). Age, tumor size, surgical approach, tumor histopathology, grade, follow-up time, and skin-to-tumor distance were similar between the MTS and non-MTS groups. The MTS group was also associated with increased total length of freeze (p = 0.041), procedure time (p = 0.020), cryoprobe utilization (p = 0.049), and a greater ratio of cryoprobes used per cm diameter of tumor (p = 0.003).In this small renal mass pilot study, the use of MTS needles to monitor temperature and guide cryoneedle deployment was associated with improved oncologic outcomes.
Tools for Formulating Markov Models

Many man-made systems, especially those in the areas of computer and communication, are so complex that it is essential to study them with simplified mathematical models during their design, prototyping, and deployment.
Abstract TP353: Glucose on Admission Associated With Post-stroke Outcome

Introduction: Studies suggest that an elevated inflammatory profile is associated with increased stroke incidence and worse post-stroke outcome. It is unclear if an elevated inflammatory profile on admission is a useful prognostic marker of poor outcome after stroke, a reflection of a more severe stroke, or a marker of infection or the comorbidities that caused the stroke. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that elevated acute phase reactants (APRs) are associated with poor outcome post-stroke, independent of stroke severity and infection. Methods: The study used a prospectively collected clinical database of 755 patients admitted for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. APRs studied included erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), glucose, platelets, and white blood cell count. Outcome was assessed at discharge using a dichotomous modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3-6 (poor outcome) vs. 0-2 (good outcome), and was evaluated in multivariate logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for NIHSS, age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes, and use of antithrombotic medication, and were further stratified by presence/ absence of diabetes, infection (via urinalysis), and by race. Results: Elevated ESR (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.33) and glucose (OR: 1.04 per 10 mg/dL, 95% CI: 1.00-1.09), were each associated with poor outcome, independent of stroke severity (NIHSS). Even in non-diabetics, elevated glucose was associated with 15% non-significantly higher odds of poor outcome per 10 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.998-1.34). However, subgroup analysis of those without infection showed no association between APRs and poor outcome. In race-stratified models, glucose level was significantly associated with poor outcome in African Americans (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.26), but not in other races. Conclusion: Our study shows that ESR is associated with poor outcome after stroke, independently of stroke severity, and that elevated glucose may be associated with increased odds of poor outcome in non-diabetic or African American ischemic stroke patients. Glucose and ESR may play a role in determining prognosis of stroke patients, and therefore point to a potential target for improving outcome of stroke patients.
Risk-Informed Mean Recurrence Intervals for Updated Wind Maps in ASCE 7-16.

ASCE 7 is moving toward adopting load requirements that are consistent with risk-informed design goals characteristic of performance-based engineering (PBE). ASCE 7-10 provided wind maps that correspond to return periods of 300, 700, and 1,700 years for Risk Categories I, II, and combined III/IV, respectively. The risk targets for Risk Categories III and IV buildings and other structures (designated as essential facilities) are different in PBE. The reliability analyses reported in this paper were conducted using updated wind load data to (1) confirm that the return periods already in ASCE 7-10 were also appropriate for risk-informed PBE, and (2) to determine a new risk-based return period for Risk Category IV. The use of data for wind directionality factor, Kd , which has become available from recent wind tunnel tests, revealed that reliabilities associated with wind load combinations for Risk Category II structures are, in fact, consistent with the reliabilities associated with the ASCE 7 gravity load combinations. This paper shows that the new wind maps in ASCE 7-16, which are based on return periods of 300, 700, 1,700, and 3,000 years for Risk Categories I, II, III, and IV, respectively), achieve the reliability targets in Section 1.3.1.3 of ASCE 7-16 for nonhurricane wind loads.
Estimation of compliance with exclusive smoking of very low nicotine content cigarettes using plasma cotinine.

Abstract Regulations requiring a reduction of the nicotine content in cigarettes to minimally addictive levels could significantly reduce the public health impact of cigarette smoking. Clinical trials evaluating this strategy are ongoing and methods have been developed to use nicotine biomarkers to estimate compliance with use of very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNCs). To date, these methods have not considered the potential contribution of nicotine absorption from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among research participants. This study used data from 100 randomly selected study completers in ongoing clinical trials of VLNCs (50 randomized to Usual Nicotine Content Cigarettes (UNCs) and 50 to VLNCs) to assess the use of plasma cotinine to estimate compliance. Plasma cotinine and smoking behavior were recorded at baseline after 2 weeks smoking UNC cigarettes, and then after 18 weeks of either continuing smoking UNCs or reducing the nicotine content such that the last 6 weeks comprised smoking VLNCs. Plasma cotinine remained stable (267 ng/ml) in the UNC group but reduced to 93 ng/ml in the VLNC group (p
Conversation Club: A Group Mentoring Model for Immigrant Youth.

This mixed-methods research evaluates Conversation Club (CC), a Canadian after-school group mentoring intervention for newcomer youth. The study’s main objectives are to examine the effects of CC o...
Free Logic in Program Specification and Verification

This paper illustrates important applications of free logic in computer science. In computer science there is a strong interest in formalizing appropriate theories, and free logic is well-suited for these applications1.
An Emerging Fact-Finding Discipline? A Conceptual Roadmap for Social Science Methods in Human Rights Advocacy

Human rights advocates seek to find, interpret, and communicate facts about rights violations amidst some of the most complex social, economic, and political circumstances. To meet these challenges, fact-finders have developed research procedures that increasingly draw on a wide range of interdisciplinary tools and perspectives — with a notable expansion in the use of qualitative and quantitative methods from social science during recent years. Yet there is little discussion of investigative principles, research components, and methodological standards in the human rights field — a reality that often fuels tension and uncertainty over the extent to which social scientific research standards can and should inform evolving fact-finding conventions. As a result, fundamental questions about such standards remain unaddressed. To fill this gap, this chapter offers three core contributions. First, this chapter contextualizes the discussion by presenting data concerning the methods and conventions used by researchers at Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch in the years 2000 and 2010. Second, this chapter interrogates the nature of social scientific inquiry and the degree of overlap between social science research and human rights fact-finding by comparing investigative principles, research components, and methodological standards. These comparisons reveal that social scientific research and human rights fact-finding share many common foundations and suggest that there is great potential for further convergence — especially in relation to methodological transparency. Third, drawing on some of the key distinctions between social science research and human rights fact-finding, this chapter highlights some of the methodological trade-offs that human rights investigators will likely confront when more directly considering social scientific strategies. This chapter ultimately cautions against the creation of a social science of human rights fact-finding, given the unique challenges and irreducible ethical commitments of human rights fact-finding. It instead calls for open and inclusive conversations about the most promising and appropriate standards for the evolving practice of human rights fact-finding.
Development of NbTi Superconducting Cable for the SSC by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

NbTi superconducting cable to be used for the SSC project has been developed by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. We have developed and manufactured various types of superconducting wires which are fabricated by using the single stacking technique in a 260 mm diameter full size billet. 30,000 NbTi filaments can be embedded in this billet. The critical current density (Jc) is as high as 3,300 A/mm2 at 5 Tesla in the laboratory scale samples. We have achieved 2,800-3,100 A/mm2 at 5 Tesla in the industrial scale wires with a unit length of 12 km from a 250 kg full size billet.
A representation for natural category systems

Most AI systems model and represent natural concepts and categories using uniform taxonomies, in which no level in the taxonomy is distinguished. We present a representation of natural taxonomies based on the theory that human category systems are non-uniform. There is a basic level which forms the core of a taxonomy; both higher and lower levels of abstraction are less important and less useful. Empirical evidence for this theory is discussed, as are the linguistic and processing implications of this theory for an artificial intelligence/natural language processing system. Among these implications are: (1) when there is no context effect, basic level names should be used; (2) systems should identify objects as members of their basic level categories more rapidly than as members of their superordinate or subordinate categories. We present our implementation of this theory in SNePS, a semantic network processing system which includes an ATN parser-generator, demonstrating how this design allows our system to model human performance in the natural language generation of the most appropriate category name for an object. The ability of our system to acquire classificational information from natural language sentences is also demonstrated.
Parental responses to bullying: Understanding the role of school policies and practices.

Research, theory, and practice suggest an important role for parents in supporting their children when exposed to violence and helping them cope with victimization experiences. Despite this little is known about how parents respond to bullying and the factors that influence their response. Using data from 1,117 parents who reported that their middle or high schooler had been bullied in the past 30 days, this article identified different patterns of responses as well as examined the influence of perceptions of school climate, school policies and training, and school structural characteristics on their responses. A latent class analysis identified 3 different patterns of parental responses including Only Talk (72%), Contact School (23%), and Handle Themselves (5%). Parents who perceived the school to have more effective school rules were less likely to be in the class of parents who contacted the school versus the only talking class; however, school staff training was associated with a greater likelihood of parents being in the contact the school class versus the only talking class. Perceptions of equity were also related to an increased likelihood of being in the contact the school class versus the handle themselves class. These findings suggest that parents’ behaviors in response to bullying may be related to their perceptions of the school and school actions around bullying. Efforts to promote a collaborative approach to bullying between school and home should focus on communicating this expectation, potentially addressing parents’ perceptions of equitable treatment for all students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)