cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gratitude and Prosocial Behavior: Helping When It Costs You

The ability of the emotion gratitude to shape costly prosocial behavior was examined in three studies employing interpersonal emotion inductions and requests for assistance. Study 1 demonstrated that gratitude increases efforts to assist a benefactor even when such efforts are costly (i.e., hedonically negative), and that this increase differs from the effects of a general positive affective state. Additionally, mediational analyses revealed that gratitude, as opposed to simple awareness of reciprocity norms, drove helping behavior. Furthering the theory that gratitude mediates prosocial behavior, Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 and demonstrated gratitude's ability to function as an incidental emotion by showing it can increase assistance provided to strangers. Study 3 revealed that this incidental effect dissipates if one is made aware of the true cause of the emotional state. Implications of these findings for the role of gratitude in building relationships are discussed.
Evaluation of current techniques for Ab initio protein structure prediction

The results of a protein structure prediction contest are reviewed. Twelve different groups entered predictions on 14 proteins of known sequence whose structures had been determined but not yet disseminated to the scientific community. Thus, these represent true tests of the current state of structure prediction methodologies. From this work, it is clear that accurate tertiary structure prediction is not yet possible. However, protein fold and motif prediction are possible when the motif is recognizably similar to another known structure. Internal symmetry and the information inherent in an aligned family of homologous sequences facilitate predictive efforts. Novel folds remain a major challenge for prediction efforts. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Problem officers? Analyzing problem behavior patterns from a large cohort

Abstract This study explored varying patterns of police problem behaviors as officers gain experience. The policing literature offered little guidance for exploring problem behaviors over the course of officers' careers; therefore, the criminal career paradigm was employed as a means for framing and analyzing this phenomenon. Using a retrospective, longitudinal data set gathered from a large police department in the northeastern United States, patterns of citizen complaints for a large cohort of officers were examined using a semiparametric, group-based approach. Results indicated that multiple trajectories underlie the aggregate relationship between experience and misconduct, and varying demographic characteristics impact the likelihood that officers will belong to each trajectory. Descriptions of each trajectory and their profiles are presented, and theoretical and practical implications for policing are discussed.
Comparative effectiveness of intervention components for producing long-term abstinence from smoking: a factorial screening experiment

Aims To identify promising intervention components that help smokers attain and maintain abstinence during a quit attempt.Design A2×2×2×2×2randomizedfactorialexperiment.Setting ElevenprimarycareclinicsinWisconsin, USA. Participants A total of 544 smokers (59% women, 86% white) recruited during primarycare visits and motivated to quit. Interventions Five intervention components designed to help smokers attain and maintain abstinence: (1) extended medication (26 versus 8 weeks of nicotine patch+nicotine gum); (2) maintenance (phone) counseling versus none; (3) medication adherence counseling versus none; (4) automated (medication) adherence calls versus none; and (5) electronic medication monitoring with feedback and counseling versus electronic medication monitoring alone. Measurements The primary outcome was 7-day self-reported point-prevalence abstinence 1 year after the target quit day. Findings Only extended medication produced a main effect. Twenty-six versus 8 weeks of medication improved point-prevalence abstinence rates (43 versus 34% at 6 months; 34 versus 27% at 1 year; P =0.01 for both). There were four interaction effects at 1 year, showing that an intervention component’s effectiveness depended upon the components with which it was combined. Conclusions Twenty-six weeks of nicotine patch+nicotine gum (versus 8 weeks) and maintenance counseling provided by phone are promising intervention components for the cessation and maintenance phases of smoking treatment.
Verification of the Loci-CHEM CFD Code using the Method of Manufactured Solutions

Loci CHEM is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code developed using the Loci Framework that can simulate three-dimensional flows of chemically reacting mixtures of thermally perfect gases. It is a library of Loci rules that consists of reusable rules that can be dynamically reconfigured to solve a variety of problems. The present study involves the verification of Euler and Navier-Stokes equations and their associated sub-models in LociCHEM on different mesh types using the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS). MMS is the most general approach for ensuring that there are no mistakes (i.e. bugs) in the computer code and that the algorithms are consistent and convergent. The different meshes include both 2D and 3D meshes. The observed order of accuracy is calculated and compared with the formal order of accuracy of the chosen numerical method. The code is verified when the observed order of accuracy matches the formal order in the limit as the mesh is refined.
An unusual aetiology for internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Typical causes of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) include arterial infarcts, demyelinating conditions, inflammation and trauma. We here report the unique case of a 33-year-old man with INO of the right eye caused by infarction of the right midbrain, confirmed by diffusion-weighted MRI. At presentation he displayed impaired adduction of the right eye with normal movement of the left. CT angiogram revealed an underlying developmental venous anomaly (DVA), raising the concern of venous infarction. His symptoms improved with aggressive management of blood pressure and risk factors. The patient had vascular risk factors-smoking, hypertension and dyslipidaemia-and we theorise that the hyalinised and inelastic walls of our patient's DVA were more vulnerable to the thrombogenic effects of his risk factors, predisposing him to this event. Venous infarcts owing to DVA are rare. To our knowledge INO secondary to venous infarct has not been reported, and should be considered in the differential of such cases.
Murine pulmonary surfactant SP-A gene: cloning, sequence, and transcriptional activity.

SP-A is an abundant pulmonary surfactant-associated protein whose expression is controlled in a cell- and developmental-specific manner. To analyze regulation of SP-A gene expression, the murine SP...
Application of Emergency Control to Reduce Risk of System Collapse Triggered by Power Transmission Interface Tripping: Thinking on the India Power Blackouts

This paper presents a simplified description of the event evolution of the India power blackouts on the 30th and 31st of July in 2012.With the analysis of the technical causes leading to the difference in scale of system collapse between the 2 blackouts,it is pointed out that the key cause of both events is the indirect transfer capability exceeded by cross-grid rerouting of large power flow due to lack of active control measures.While the centralized generator tripping and load shedding automatically triggered by the sudden loss event of transmission interface are the most effective emergency control measures for the prevention of similar blackouts,the economic rationality of which can be assessed from the viewpoint of risk reduction.From the perspective of emergency control technology,it is concluded that several fundamental measures need to be strengthened to ensure the effectiveness of the control,including research on fault identification criterion,analysis of mutual influence between control logic and system response,verification of adaptability of control effect to system operating conditions,and tightening up the operational management of emergency control measures.
The exploring and study on university students' management model of tutor system

This paper analyzes the necessity of carrying out tutor system in the course of managing University students in our country.And it mainly discusses the problem from the point of view of the modern University students' characteristics,the University's specific situation,the reform in the credit system.The paper elaborates how to cultivate the tutors,how to set up a system on checking and appraising through comparison.The writer puts forwards his own viewpoint about the tutor system's developing direction and perfecting.The writer believes this is an effective measure in enhancing the University students' character and political education.
T cell responses are elicited against Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the absence of signalling through TLRs, RLRs and IL-1R/IL-18R

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokine receptors are key players in the initiation of immune responses to infection. PRRs detecting viral RNA, such as toll like receptor (TLR)-3, -7/8, and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs; RIG-I and MDA-5), as well as cytokine receptors such as interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R), have been implicated in responses to RNA viruses that infect the airways. The latter includes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a human pathogen that can cause severe lower respiratory tract infections, especially in infants. To evaluate the collective contribution of PRRs and IL-1R signalling to RSV immunity, we generated Myd88/Trif/Mavs(-/-) mice that are deficient in signalling by all TLRs, RLRs and IL-1R, as well as other cytokine receptors such as IL-18 receptor. Early production of pro-inflammatory mediators and lung infiltration by immune cells were completely abrogated in infected Myd88/Trif/Mavs(-/-) mice. However, RSV-specific CD8(+) T cells were elicited and recruited into the lungs and airways. Consistent with these findings, Myd88/Trif/Mavs(-/-) mice survived RSV infection but displayed higher viral load and weight loss. These data highlight an unappreciated level of redundancy in pathways that couple innate virus sensing to adaptive immunity, providing the host with remarkable resilience to infection.
Megamap: flexible representation of a large space embedded with nonspatial information by a hippocampal attractor network.

The megamap is a quasi-continuous attractor network built on the experimental fact that each place cell has multiple, irregularly spaced place fields in a large environment. This flexibility allows...
Mammographic screening of women aged 40 to 49 years. Is it justified

Breast cancer among women aged 40 to 49 is of major importance, because about 25% of all deaths from breast cancer among women of all age groups occur in women who had their breast cancer diagnosed when they were in their 40s. Although mortality reduction through screening has been proved in randomized trials for women aged 50 and older, no single randomized trial has been adequately designed to specifically evaluate women aged 40 to 49. Results from seven randomized trials and follow-up studies that were not randomized support annual screening of all women aged 40 to 49 by mammography, physical examination, and monthly breast self-examination. If such screening were performed with current state-of-the-art mammography, as opposed to the older mammographic techniques used in the trials, it is likely that mortality reduction would be substantially greater than that found in those trials.
A Descriptive Survey of Why Parents Choose Hybrid Homeschools

ABSTRACT“Hybrid home schools” are schools in which students attend school with other students for 2 or 3 days per week in traditional classroom settings, and are homeschooled the balance of the week. This exploratory study presents self-reported reasons parents choose these schools, using an electronic survey of parents from four such schools (n = 136; 19% return rate). Findings indicate that families in these schools are relatively wealthier and more suburban than parents using tax credit programs, that they value school structures more than particular student achievement outcomes, and that they seek information on accreditation, curriculum, and the religious nature of schools in making their choices.
Estimation, Optimization, and Detection

Signals are transmitted by pulses or by sinusoidal waveforms. These signals pass through a propagation channel and are received in the presence of atmospheric, optical, or electronic noise. The received signals may differ from the original signals in terms of amplitude, phase, frequency, timing or any combination because of the propagation medium, interference from other sources, and additive noise. Extraction of signals from the noise constitutes the study of statistical interference. Statistics are functions of samples of random signals. Any decisions based on the observed (received) samples and their statistics are the subject of statistical decision theory, which involves (a) estimation theory and (b) detection (decision or hypothesis testing) theory. In this chapter we will deal with estimation theory and elements of binary hypothesis testing.
Academic and Psychosocial Impact of Air Pollution on Children

Early life exposure to air pollution is a pressing public health concern due to well-known respiratory effects and the increasing weight of evidence demonstrating the negative consequences on the developing brain. Air pollution is composed of aerosols and particles produced by vehicle emissions, energy production, and manufacturing and other combustion processes. Fine and ultrafine particles, which contain adsorbed metals and toxic compounds, have the ability to reach the brain to cause damage, as well as generate systemic oxidative stress. Collectively, this chapter highlights current epidemiological and mechanistic studies linking childhood air pollution exposure to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including intellectual, academic, neuropsychological, and behavioral functioning changes. In summary, the accumulating evidence suggests a causative relationship and regulations for prevention should be considered.
BAKING AND BASEBALL IN INDONESIA: REALIA IN TEACHING AMERICAN CULTURE IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH PROGRAM FOR UNIVERSITY FACULTY/STAFF

In this reflection, the author reports on his experience teaching English through American culture to Indonesian university educators during three week intensive programs in Indonesia. The author implemented culturally meaningful activities based upon the use of realia, or objects that connect language and on-the-ground reality of native speakers for the foreign language learner. Baseball, baking, the card game Uno, and poetry proved to be successful vehicles for learning. Additionally, emailing between the class and the author’s contacts in North America provided participants with “case studies” of real Americans/native speakers of English. Such interactions with actual Americans may provide a useful contrast/compliment to the stereotypical images of Americans disseminated by mass media. Lastly, while the teaching of English and American culture overseas may be controversial to some, this reflection argues that the careful selection of pedagogies can facilitate mutually enriching exchanges. Insights into appropriate realia, subsequent activities, and teaching considerations in Indonesia may be gleaned from this reflection by pedagogues and practitioners alike.
Improved optical enhancement in binary plasmonic gratings with nanogap spacing

This work thoroughly investigates binary nanowire gratings with nanogap spacing. A binary plasmonic grating is a periodic nanostructure for which each period has two different widths. The study has determined that plasmonic gratings with two different widths in each period give rise to optical enhancement that is 2.1 times stronger than that of standard plasmonic grating structures. A map of varying width ratios has been created to illustrate the key geometric characteristic for enhancement optimization. The structure under investigation was a gold structure with a constant height of 15 nm and a nanogap of 5 nm. The period size of the structure depends on the two nanowire widths in each grating period. The optical enhancement ( E/E 0 ) 2 of the geometry was investigated using a finite element method (FEM) simulation for various wavelengths. The results show a strong correlation between the plasmon wavelength and the periodicity of the gratings. Additionally, the plasmonic charge distributions have been calculated for various periods and geometries. Various resonant modes exist for the charge distribution, significantly affecting the enhancement depending on the nanowire widths.
Energy efficient design and sustainable buildings

The use of energy in buildings and infrastructure has increased many folds suggesting that alternate means must be devised to conserve energy and operate the buildings with sustainable means. For the buildings, energy efficiency can be achieved using the insulation materials, improved architectural technique, and modified construction methodology. Energy demand to operate buildings must be reduced to develop energy efficient and sustainable buildings for the future, without compromising the living comfort, performance, and services. The architecture, design, and orientation of building are altered to introduce energy efficient and sustainable design in commercial, residential, and industrial buildings. Observations and experiments were carried out on four existing buildings and a model was studied and compared based on orientation, construction materials used, type of construction, and architectural techniques. The results show that, using Alpolic Cladding and double layered windows at outer face of buildings gives 8% more thermal efficiency than the ordinary construction. The cavity wall construction enhances the energy conservation of the building by 6% as compared to traditional construction of block masonry. The model studies show that using cavity wall and Structural Concrete Insulated Panel (SCIP) as cladding/infill walls in frame structures can reduce the energy demand of the building upto 3%. Building orientation, architecture, use of latest energy efficient materials, and enhanced construction techniques contribute significantly towards energy efficient performance of buildings.
hnRNP I regulates neonatal immune adaptation and prevents colitis and colorectal cancer

The intestinal epithelium plays a critical role in host-microbe homeostasis by sensing gut microbes and subsequently initiating proper immune responses. During the neonatal stage, the intestinal epithelium is under immune repression, allowing the transition for newborns from a relatively sterile intra-uterine environment to one that is rich in foreign antigens. The mechanism underlying such immune repression remains largely unclear, but involves downregulation of IRAK1 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase), an essential component of toll-like receptor-mediated NF-κB signaling. We report here that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (hnRNPI), an RNA binding protein, is essential for regulating neonatal immune adaptation. We generated a mouse model in which hnRNPI is ablated specifically in the intestinal epithelial cells, and characterized intestinal defects in the knockout mice. We found that loss of hnRNPI function in mouse intestinal epithelial cells results in early onset of spontaneous colitis followed by development of invasive colorectal cancer. Strikingly, the epithelium-specific hnRNPI knockout neonates contain aberrantly high IRAK1 protein levels in the colons and fail to develop immune tolerance to environmental microbes. Our results demonstrate that hnRNPI plays a critical role in establishing neonatal immune adaptation and preventing colitis and colorectal cancer.
Role of a Dual Splicing and Amino Acid Code in Myopia, Cone Dysfunction and Cone Dystrophy Associated with L/M Opsin Interchange Mutations.

PURPOSE Human long (L) and middle (M) wavelength cone opsin genes are highly variable due to intermixing. Two L/M cone opsin interchange mutants, designated LIAVA and LVAVA, are associated with clinical diagnoses, including red-green color vision deficiency, blue cone monochromacy, cone degeneration, myopia, and Bornholm Eye Disease. Because the protein and splicing codes are carried by the same nucleotides, intermixing L and M genes can cause disease by affecting protein structure and splicing. METHODS Genetically engineered mice were created to allow investigation of the consequences of altered protein structure alone, and the effects on cone morphology were examined using immunohistochemistry. In humans and mice, cone function was evaluated using the electroretinogram (ERG) under L/M- or short (S) wavelength cone isolating conditions. Effects of LIAVA and LVAVA genes on splicing were evaluated using a minigene assay. RESULTS ERGs and histology in mice revealed protein toxicity for the LVAVA but not for the LIAVA opsin. Minigene assays showed that the dominant messenger RNA (mRNA) was aberrantly spliced for both variants; however, the LVAVA gene produced a small but significant amount of full-length mRNA and LVAVA subjects had correspondingly reduced ERG amplitudes. In contrast, the LIAVA subject had no L/M cone ERG. CONCLUSIONS Dramatic differences in phenotype can result from seemingly minor differences in genotype through divergent effects on the dual amino acid and splicing codes. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE The mechanism by which individual mutations contribute to clinical phenotypes provides valuable information for diagnosis and prognosis of vision disorders associated with L/M interchange mutations, and it informs strategies for developing therapies.
Gender Differences in Mobility of Elderly: Measurements and Interventions to Improve Mobility

Mobility declines as people age, and poor mobility put older adults at risk for falls and fall-related injuries. Mobility can be improved through regular exercise and changes in medications. Professionals use standardized tests to assess mobility that rely on paper and a stopwatch. As technology improves, these same tests can be converted to smartphone applications. With smartphone applications, a number of mobility parameters can be assessed, recorded, and stored for further analysis. The authors used their smartphone application for the Timed Up and Go test to examine mobility changes of older adults who were enrolled in a group-based exercise program for three months. They found that mobility significantly improved for all participants. However, gender differences were observed, with women being more mobile than men at the beginning of the program. By the end of the program, women were, on average, not at risk for falls, but men still needed to improve mobility.
Quantified system level threshold methodology

This Quantified System Level Threshold Methodology is a flow that can guide users to use the margin offset function with customer-decided system level stressing to system error found threshold and quantify as how much margin to real system error found threshold for the system configurations that under test. It is able to cover the PVT (Process, Voltage and Temperature) corner cases as well. By adapting this methodology/flow, customers could create their own system dependent system level criteria, POR+ system level criteria and mixed vendors DIMM and mixed vendors registers/buffers DIMM system level criteria by themselves and could deliver more ecosystem friendly systems with higher compatibility to the world.
Random Quasi-Phase-Matching on a Nanophotonic Heterogeneous Silicon Chip

We demonstrate grating-assisted random quasi-phase-matching in unpoled thin-film lithium niobate waveguides on a silicon substrate via second-harmonic generation from near-infrared to visible wavelengths.
Michel Meyer, What Is Rhetoric? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 250 pp. $35.95 (hardcover), $26.99 (eBook).

At one of its biannual conferences, the Rhetoric Society of America offered a souvenir t-shirt that had printed on the back the question “What Is Rhetoric?” Surrounding the provocative question wer...
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) are abnormal arteriovenous shunts between meningeal arteries and intracranial dural sinuses or veins. This chapter discusses the anatomy, classification schemes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, pediatric dAVFs, imaging characteristics, natural history, and management. Nuances of presentation and management based on location of the fistula are also discussed. The Appendix 14.1 covers carotid-cavernous fistulas. Spinal dural AV fistulas are covered in Chap. 20, Spinal Vascular Lesions.
Risk Assessment: Issues and Implementation in Child Protective Services

The primary goal of child welfare is “to protect children from harm.” In order to fulfill this goal the child protective services use assessments of risk as an essential part of service. Historically, assessment of risk and investigation are what workers use to determine the likelihood of maltreatment. Therefore, the assessment of risk is a key aspect of child protective agencies. In this chapter, the history, goal, issues, and implementation of formal risk assessments in child protective services will be discussed.
Expression profiling of renal epithelial neoplasms: a method for tumor classification and discovery of diagnostic molecular markers.

The expression patterns of 7075 genes were analyzed in four conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinomas (RCC), one chromophobe RCC, and two oncocytomas using cDNA microarrays. Expression profiles were compared among tumors using various clustering algorithms, thereby separating the tumors into two categories consistent with corresponding histopathological diagnoses. Specifically, conventional RCCs were distinguished from chromophobe RCC/oncocytomas based on large-scale gene expression patterns. Chromophobe RCC/oncocytomas displayed similar expression profiles, including genes involved with oxidative phosphorylation and genes expressed normally by distal nephron, consistent with the mitochondrion-rich morphology of these tumors and the theory that both lesions are related histogenetically to distal nephron epithelium. Conventional RCCs underexpressed mitochondrial and distal nephron genes, and were further distinguished from chromophobe RCC/oncocytomas by overexpression of vimentin and class II major histocompatibility complex-related molecules. Novel, tumor-specific expression of four genes—vimentin, class II major histocompatibility complex-associated invariant chain (CD74), parvalbumin, and galectin-3—was confirmed in an independent tumor series by immunohistochemistry. Vimentin was a sensitive, specific marker for conventional RCCs, and parvalbumin was detected primarily in chromophobe RCC/oncocytomas. In conclusion, histopathological subtypes of renal epithelial neoplasia were characterized by distinct patterns of gene expression. Expression patterns were useful for identifying novel molecular markers with potential diagnostic utility.
Empirical investigation of regression models for predicting system behavior in air handling units

Modeling of the system behavior is a key step for better management and accurate fault detection and diagnosis of air handling units (AHUs). This paper presents an extensive empirical investigation...
Contemporary Geographic Variation and Sociodemographic Correlates of Hysterectomy Rates Among Reproductive-Age Women.

Objective For decades hysterectomy rates have famously demonstrated unexplained geographic variation. The aim of this study was to identify county-level correlates of hysterectomy rates among reproductive-age women. Methods Using county-level data from multiple sources, linked with claims-based surveillance data of every hysterectomy performed among women ages 20 to 44 in North Carolina from 2011 to 2013 (N = 7180), we explored social, economic, and healthcare factors associated with county-level rates. Results After accounting for spatial autocorrelation, county-level hysterectomy rates were negatively associated with county-level median household income, positively associated with the proportion married, and not associated with measures of healthcare capacity or access. Conclusions This analysis provides preliminary evidence that contemporary hysterectomy use in North Carolina occurs along socioeconomic lines.
Subitising activity relative to units construction: a case study

Subitising, a quick apprehension of the numerosity of a small set of items, has been found to change from an individual's reliance on perceptual to conceptual processes. In this study, we utilised ...
Assessing the potential of longitudinal smartphone based cognitive assessment in schizophrenia: A naturalistic pilot study.

Abstract Background Although cognition is a core symptom of schizophrenia and associated with functional impairment, the degree of training for and time associated with its assessment makes it difficult to routinely monitor in clinic care. Smartphone based cognitive assessments could serve as a tool to measure cognition in real time as well as being easily scalable for broad use. Combined with other data gathered from smartphone sensors such as steps, sleep, and self-reported symptoms – capturing ‘cognition in context’ could provide a powerful new tool for assessing the functional burden of disease in schizophrenia. Methods 18 participants with schizophrenia and 17 healthy controls completed novel cognitive assessments on their personal smartphones over the course of 12 weeks while also capturing self-reported surveys and step count. No payment or incentives were offered for engaging with the smartphone app. Differing levels of difficulty in cognitive tasks were tested and the results were modeled using a modified Cox proportional hazard model. Results On the smartphone cognitive assessments that involved on simple patterns, both controls and those with schizophrenia achieved similar scores. On the more complex assessment that added task switching in addition to pattern recognition, those with schizophrenia achieved scores lower than controls. Collecting other forms of data such as surveys and steps was also feasible using the same smartphone platform. Discussion It is feasible for those with schizophrenia to use their own smartphones to complete cognitive assessments and other measures related to their mental health. While we did not investigate the correlations between these cognitive assessments and other smartphone captured metrics like step count or self-reported symptoms, the potential to longitudinally assess cognition in the context of patients' environments outside of the clinic presents unique opportunities for characterizing cognitive burden in schizophrenia.
Applications of Aziridinium Ions. Selective Syntheses of β-Aryl-α,β-diamino Esters

α,β-Diamino esters are readily prepared through stereospecific and regioselective opening of an aziridinium ion intermediate with a variety of amines. The aziridinium ion is generated from the epoxide in two steps.
P29 Role of Seasoning in Vegetable Purchase, Intake, Liking and Intention to Pay for Larger Vegetable Servings

Background Vegetable intake continues to be below recommendations. Preparation strategies may improve vegetable preference/ intake. Objective To determine the influence of vegetable seasoning on purchase, intake, liking and intention to pay for larger servings. Study Design, Settings, Participants An observational study during two 8-week periods at one university cafe. Participants included staff, students, and general public. Two vegetables were offered each period: green beans/broccoli (2017); carrots/cauliflower (2018); with options of steamed (ST) or seasoned (SS). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Surveys and vegetable waste were collected at meal completion. Survey contained 17 items: five demographic, four on previous vegetable choices, two on lunch habits, one item each on vegetable selected, liking, frequency of eating this vegetable, likelihood of preparing, serving size, cost, and eating frequency at cafe. Analyses included binomial test, independent T-test, ANOVA, linear regression. Results There were significantly more SS green beans (n = 90 vs n = 44) P P = .02), and SS cauliflower (n = 65 vs n = 22, P half had 0 g waste. Participants were likely to purchase a bigger size (cost the same: 82.1%; cost more: 73.0%). Liking, age, and frequency of eating out were predictors of purchase intent for larger vegetable portions if it cost the same (R2 = 0.53); age and frequency of eating out if it cost slightly more (R2 = 0.47). Costing more or the same fit in both models. Conclusion Seasoning was associated with more vegetable purchases for three vegetables. Participants liked the preparation method that they chose, eating most if not all. Results revealed that increased vegetable intake with larger servings may be possible. Funding McCormick Science Institute.
Increased Incidental Thyroid Cancer in Patients With Subclinical Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis.

Abstract Background The autoimmune process and increased TSH associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) are factors that may promote development of thyroid cancer. When surgically removed, the cellular changes of CLT are commonly seen surrounding thyroid cancers. This study investigates the malignancy rate in CLT patients when compared with non-CLT patients after thyroidectomy. Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected data for 1268 patients with index thyroid nodules who underwent thyroidectomy at a single institution was performed. Patients were excluded if they had previous thyroid surgery, known thyroid cancer, Graves’ disease, family history of thyroid cancer, and history of radiation exposure. Patients were subdivided into CLT and non-CLT groups by final pathology. Final pathology was reviewed and grouped into cancer in the index thyroid nodule and incidental thyroid cancers. Chi-squared analyses were performed using SAS. Results Of 359 patients that met study criteria, 52 had CLT. Overall, the malignancy rate was 37% in both CLT patients (19/52) and non-CLT patients (114/307) (P = 0.86). However, incidental thyroid cancer was found in 15% (8/52) of CLT patients and 10% (31/307) of non-CLT patients (relative risk = 1.52) who had no index nodule cancer. The breakdown of incidental cancer subtype in CLT patients was classic variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), n = 3; follicular variant PTC, n = 5. Conclusions Patients with CLT have a 1.5-fold increased risk of incidental PTC. CLT should be considered a risk factor for incidental thyroid cancer, and patients with this thyroid condition should be counseled and monitored periodically for underlying thyroid malignancy.
Exercise, alone and in combination with an anti-CEA vaccine, reduces pancreatic tumor cell growth and enhances survival in mice.

2096 Regular exercise is strongly associated with reduced risk of colon, breast, and endometrial cancer, and possibly pancreatic and lung cancer. Furthermore, regular exercise is associated with a reduced risk of recurrence and death from colorectal and breast cancer. One mechanism that may mediate the protective effect of exercise on tumor incidence and/or recurrence is an enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. We have previously demonstrated that exercise significantly enhances NK cell function and vaccine responses in normal mice. Our laboratory has also demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies that therapeutic cancer vaccines targeted against the tumor antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), enhance anti-tumor immunity and increase survival. The goal of this study was to explore the effects of exercise, alone and combined with a therapeutic cancer vaccine, on in vivo tumor growth and survival. The murine Panc02.CEA pancreatic tumor cell line was chosen because it shares many characteristics with human pancreatic tumors and because in vivo anti-tumor immunity against the parental cell line is mediated by NK and CD8+ T cells. CEA.Tg mice were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n=16/group): vehicle (HBSS), vaccine (V), exercise (EX), or vaccine + exercise (V+EX). Mice in the EX and V+EX groups had access to voluntary running wheels for 8 weeks prior to tumor implantation (10^6 cells) and throughout the vaccination protocol (17 wks) and ran 3.5 ± 0.4 and 3.0 ± 0.3 mi/day, respectively. Mice in the V and V + EX groups received a primary vaccination with 10^8 pfu recombinant vaccinia (rV)-CEA/TRICOM + 10^7 pfu recombinant fowlpox (rF)-GMCSF when mean tumor volume reached 30 mm3, followed by booster vaccinations with 10^8 pfu rF-CEA/TRICOM + 10^7 pfu rF-GMCSF at 2-wk intervals for 15 wks. At day 41 post tumor implantation, the mean tumor volumes in the HBSS, V, EX and V+EX groups were significantly different, 655 ± 138, 381 ± 105, 156 ± 61, 100 ± 46, respectively (P
Development and Evaluation of a Blood Glucose Monitoring YouTube Video for Marshallese Patients Using a Community-Based Participatory Research Approach.

The purpose of this study was to (a) describe the development of a culturally appropriate glucose monitoring video using a community-based participatory research approach and (b) assess the cultura...
Superposition-based predictions of creep for polymer films at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine a novel application of superposition techniques for estimation of mechanical properties of polymer films at extreme cryogenic temperatures (e.g. 4 K). Polymer core films of the electronic laminates, ULTRALAM® 3850HT liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and Pyralux TK185018R (polyimide), were tested on a TA Instruments Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer in tensile mode to obtain time-dependent creep compliance. Activation energy of flows, Ea, were calculated using an Arrhenius model. All data were accumulated within the range from about 150–293 K. Both polymers were found to have relaxation transitions within this range and predictions therefore initiated from the colder side of the transition. Predictive equations are proposed for creep compliance of these polymers. These compliances will be useful for overall failure models associated with devices ranging from electronics to magnetic cavities.
Multiband gravitational-wave searches for ultralight bosons

Gravitational waves may be one of the few direct observables produced by ultralight bosons, conjectured dark matter candidates that could be the key to several problems in particle theory, high-energy physics and cosmology. These axionlike particles could spontaneously form ``clouds'' around astrophysical black holes, leading to potent emission of continuous gravitational waves that could be detected by instruments on the ground and in space. Although this scenario has been thoroughly studied, it has not been yet appreciated that both types of detector may be used in tandem (a practice known as ``multibanding''). In this paper, we show that future gravitational-wave detectors on the ground and in space will be able to work together to detect ultralight bosons with masses $25\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\mu}/({10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV})\ensuremath{\lesssim}500$. In detecting binary-black-hole inspirals, the LISA space mission will provide crucial information enabling future ground-based detectors, like Cosmic Explorer or Einstein Telescope, to search for signals from boson clouds around the individual black holes in the observed binaries. We lay out the detection strategy and, focusing on scalar bosons, chart the suitable parameter space. We study the impact of ignorance about the system's history, including cloud age and black hole spin. We also consider the tidal resonances that may destroy the boson cloud before its gravitational signal becomes detectable by a ground-based follow-up. Finally, we show how to take all of these factors into account, together with uncertainties in the LISA measurement, to obtain boson mass constraints from the ground-based observation facilitated by LISA.
d-Serine Intervention In The Medial Entorhinal Area Alters TLE-Related Pathology In CA1 Hippocampus Via The Temporoammonic Pathway.

Abstract Entrainment of the hippocampus by the medial entorhinal area (MEA) in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults, is believed to be mediated primarily through the perforant pathway (PP), which connects stellate cells in layer (L) II of the MEA with granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) to drive the hippocampal tri-synaptic circuit. Using immunohistochemistry, high-resolution confocal microscopy and the rat pilocarpine model of TLE, we show here that the lesser known temporoammonic pathway (TAP) plays a significant role in transferring MEA pathology to the CA1 region of the hippocampus independently of the PP. The pathology observed was region-specific and restricted primarily to the CA1c subfield of the hippocampus. As shown previously, daily intracranial infusion of d -serine (100 μm), an antagonist of GluN3-containing triheteromeric N-Methyl d -aspartate receptors (t-NMDARs), into the MEA prevented loss of LIII neurons and epileptogenesis. This intervention in the MEA led to the rescue of hippocampal CA1 neurons that would have otherwise perished in the epileptic animals, and down regulation of the expression of astrocytes and microglia thereby mitigating the effects of neuroinflammation. Interestingly, these changes were not observed to a similar extent in other regions of vulnerability like the hilus, DG or CA3, suggesting that the pathology manifest in CA1 is driven predominantly through the TAP. This work highlights TAP’s role in the entrainment of the hippocampus and identifies specific areas for therapeutic intervention in dealing with TLE.
Beliefs About Exchange-Rate Stability: Survey Evidence from the Currency Board in Bulgaria

We use unique survey data from Bulgaria's currency board to examine the reasons for persistent incomplete credibility of a financial stabilization regime. Although it produced remarkably positive effects in terms of sustained low inflation since 1997, the currency board has not achieved full credibility. This is not uncommon in other less-developed countries with fixed exchange rate regimes. Our results reveal that incomplete credibility is explained primarily by concerns about external economic shocks and the persistent high unemployment in the country. Past experiences with high inflation do not rank among the top reasons to expect financial instability in the future.
Feasibility study on elimination of all oral opioids following bariatric surgery.

Abstract Background The bariatric population is at increased risk for developing chronic opioid dependence. The practice of prescribing oral opioids for analgesia in postoperative ambulatory settings is a known risk factor for developing chronic opioid dependence. The use of oral opioids following minimally invasive bariatric surgery may not be necessary. Objectives To determine whether there is any measurable impact on patient care metrics (length of stay, inpatient delta pain score, 30-day emergency department presentations, and 30-day readmissions) when eliminating the use of oral opioids for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Setting Retrospective cohort study of data collected at a single bariatric center. Methods A cohort of 189 consecutive patients received oral opioids in the immediate postoperative setting, in addition to a prescription for oral opioids at the time of discharge following LRYGB and SG. A second cohort of 136 consecutive patients did not receive oral opioids at any point following surgery. A descriptive bivariate analysis was performed to examine the relationships between cohort characteristics and treatment type. A multivariable linear regression analysis and a logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess the association of treatment type with clinical outcomes of interest. Results The oral opioid–free cohort received significantly fewer morphine milligram equivalents during their postoperative hospital admission (P Conclusion Eliminating the use of oral opioids for analgesia following LRYGB and SG does not negatively impact patient care metrics and may improve patient-reported analgesia, as reflected by a significant difference in delta pain scores averages. Elimination of oral opioids from all postoperative analgesia regimens is feasible.
Does Compensation Matter? Evidence from CD&A Disclosures

We study whether the similarity of firm disclosures on the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (CD&A) has predictability for future stock returns. We find that changes to the language and construction of the CD&As predict firms' future stock returns. A portfolio that longs the CD&A "non-changers" and shorts the "changers" earns a significant Fama-French 5-factor alpha of 5.86% (annualized), for the period of 2008-2020. We further find that companies with low CD&A similarities invest less in R&D, are more likely to be targeted by short-sellers, and have greater forced CEO turnovers. Our results provide new and strong evidence on the role of executive compensation in the cross-section of stock returns.
Ipilimumab for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) (P3.131)

OBJECTIVE: To study safety and efficacy of ipilimumab (ipi) in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). BACKGROUND: Available treatments for recurrent GBM are inadequate, with median survival approximately 6 months. Ipi is an immune modulator inhibiting CTLA-4. It is active in refractory melanoma, including brain metastases. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records of patients treated with ipi for recurrent GBM, exploring safety, response, and survival using Kaplan-Meier methodology. RESULTS: There were 10 patients (6 men), median age 55 years (range 41-65). All received prior radiotherapy and temozolomide. Nine received prior bevacizumab. Ipi (3mg/kg/dose) was administered for 1st (1), 2nd (4), 3rd (4), or 6th (1) recurrence. Bevacizumab was administered concurrently to all patients to reduce corticosteroid requirements that blunt ipi effect. Other concurrent therapies included GM-CSF (8), nitrosoureas (5), carboplatin (1), temozolomide (1), or lapatinib (1). Corticosteroids (dexamethasone, 0.75 - 4.0 mg/day) were administered concurrently in 4. All patients were evaluated for toxicity, which included fever, elevated LDH, and transaminitis (1) and rash and fatigue (1). There were no other significant toxicities, endocrinopathies, or electrolyte abnormalities. Responses included stable disease (5) and progressive disease (5). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months and overall survival (OS) was 5.3 months (range 2.6-10.4). Three patients remain alive surviving 8.5-9.1 months. Results were the same for those (9) treated for bevacizumab-refractory disease. Historical control suggests results are similar in bevacizumab-failure patients treated with salvage chemotherapy (PFS 1-3 months, OS 4-6 months), and superior to those untreated following progression on bevacizumab. A subset of patients may garner more benefit. Comparison of immunologic effects in pre- and post-ipi tumor tissue for one case is underway. CONCLUSIONS: Ipi can be administered safely to patients with GBM concurrently with other therapies. In patients with bevacizumab-refractory disease, ipi may prolong PFS and OS compared to historical controls. Earlier treatment merits investigation. Disclosure: Dr. Schaff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lassman has received personal compensation for activities with Biolumina, Genentech, Midatech, Celgene, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, and Amgen. Dr. Goldlust has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cloughesy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Iwamoto has nothing to disclose.