cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hey, that's personal!

Personalized online commerce systems, context-aware pervasive computing applications, and other personalized computing systems often sacrifice privacy for added convenience or improved service. Some systems provide users with substantial benefits from personalization; other systems profile users to the primary benefit of the service provider. In many cases users are not fully informed about how their profile information will be used and are not given adequate opportunities to control the use of their personal information. If developers of personalized systems do not consider privacy issues in the design of their systems they risk building systems that are unable to comply with legal requirements in some jurisdictions. In addition, concerns about privacy may slow adoption of some personalized systems or prevent them from ever gaining acceptance. In this talk I will discuss the privacy risks associated with personalization systems and discuss a number of approaches to reducing those risks, including approaches to minimizing the amount of profile information associated with identified individuals and approaches to better informing users and giving them meaningful opportunities to control the user of their personal information.
Court-connected programs for divorcing parents in Michigan: A status report

This article highlights the findings of a survey of court-connected programs for divorcing parents in the state of Michigan. Program and attendance information is given, and a typical program in Michigan is described. Program development and implementation issues, such as goals and program material, program management, court-mandated attendance, and program evaluation are discussed.
Field Line Mapping and Birkeland Currents

We describe the preliminary development of an open magnetosphere model that includes the magnetic effects of Birkeland (magnetic-field-aligned) currents in a self-consistent way. This model is designed to satisfy two criteria: (1) when mapped to the ionosphere, the Birkeland current should be consistent with that computed by taking the divergence of the ionospheric Pedersen current that is driven by the mapped electric field, and (2) the magnetic field computed from the Birkeland current should be included in the magnetic mapping. Satisfying both of these criteria simultaneously requires an iterative procedure which is not automatically convergent. In particular, when we assume nominal values for the polar-cap size and potential drop (these are inputs to the model), a convergent solution occurs only if the nightside ionospheric Pedersen conductance is taken to be ∼ 5 mho or less. This result supports the conjecture that the ionospheric conductance regulates the degree of openness of the magnetosphere: if a larger polar-cap potential were imposed (for a given conductance), it would drive Birkeland currents that disrupt the ordered magnetotail field geometry.
Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS)

The Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) is an integrated payload on the Mars Polar Lander (MPL) launched on January 3, 1999. The MPL will land on Mars on December 3, 1999. MVACS consists of Surface Stereo Imager (SSI), Robotic Arm (RA) including Robotic Arm Camera (RAC), Meteorology Package (MET) and Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA). The major science objective of MVACS is to study where the Mars volatiles are now and what determines the behavior of Mars volatiles over time. The MVACS will accomplish most science activities during 3 months primary mission and will conduct an extended mission if the Lander continues to function.
Conditional Ablation of Cerebellar Astrocytes in Postnatal Transgenic Mice

Astrocytes have been proposed to have multiple roles in the development and maintenance of the vertebrate CNS. To facilitate documentation of these roles, we designed a transgene to enable their ablation at selectable times. The transgene consists of the coding region for the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein gene promoter. The HSV-TK is innocuous but converts the antiherpetic agent ganciclovir (GCV) to a toxic product that interferes with DNA replication in proliferating cells. In a developmental study, transgenic mice were treated with GCV during the first postnatal week, with evaluation at P19. Treated mice displayed severe ataxia. Histological examination revealed disrupted astrocyte development, particularly in the cerebellum, with marked secondary effects on other cell types. Cerebellar defects included a loss in the numbers of astrocytes and an overall reduction in cerebellar size and disruption of the normally well defined cellular layers. Radial glia were disordered, Purkinje cells were ectopically distributed and displayed abnormal dendritic trees, and granule cells were markedly depleted. These effects were more severe in animals treated on postnatal day 1 versus treatment at day 5. A major factor causing granule cell death was excitotoxicity attributable to activation of NMDA receptors. These results suggest a critical role for astrocytes in cerebellar development.
The Impact of Social and Spiritual Connectedness on the Psychological Well-being Among Older Americans

This study examines the effects of religious involvement, social connectedness, and spiritual connectedness on the psychological well-being among a national sample of older Christians (N = 648). The secondary data for this research are from the Religion, Aging, and Health Survey, 2001, 2004 (Krause, 2004c). Findings from the regression analysis suggest that spiritual connectedness factors have significant unique impacts on older Christians’ life satisfaction, sense of hope, and self-esteem. The data also show that those who provide frequent social support to others experience higher levels of life satisfaction. This finding supports the association between the act of giving and better mental health.
Implementations of the Leap Motion device in sound synthesis and interactive live performance

The Leap Motion device opens new doors for mapping various degrees of human motion for musical control and expression. In this paper, we explore implementations of the Leap Motion in sound synthesis and interactive live performance. The Leap Motion is a USB computer peripheral released in mid-2013 that uses IR cameras to track hand and finger location with unprecedented accuracy. Discussed implementations include a 5-grain granular synthesizer created in Max/MSP that connects to the Leap Motion, allowing users to trigger individual grains using finger and hand motion. The Leap Motion is also interfaced with Ableton Live, software synthesizers and a 6-channel hemispherical speaker. The benefits and limitations of these implementations are discussed in light of recent compositions and performances.
Geomorphic evolution and stratigraphy of Price and Capers Inlets, South Carolina

A three-dimensional model for a tidal inlet-barrier island depositional system was constructed through examination of 37 vibracores and 10 auger drill holes on Capers and Dewees Islands, South Carolina. Two cycles of southerly inlet migration and subsequent abandonment resulted in beach ridge truncation on the northern ends of both barriers. Historical evidence indicates that these tidal inlets migrated 1.5 km to the south owing to a dominant north-south longshore transport direction. The hydraulic inefficiency of these over-extended inlet channels caused shorter, more northerly-oriented channels to breach through the ebbtidal deltas. After inlet reorientation, large wave-formed swash bars migrated landward closing former inlet channels. Weakened tidal currents through the abandoned channels permitted clay plugs to form thick impermeable seals over active channel-fill sand and shell. Price and Capers Inlets formed during the onset of the Holocene transgression following submergence of the ancestral Plio-Pleistocene Santee River drainage system. Coarse, poorly sorted inlet-deposited sand disconformably overlies Pleistocene estuarine clay and is capped by a dense clay plug. Shoreline reorientation and landward retreat of a primary barrier island chain occurred between the first and second cycles of inlet-channel migration and abandonment. Beach ridges prograded seaward over the first inlet sequence. A second cycle of inlet migration truncated the northernmost portion of these beach ridges and scoured into the clay plug of the earlier inlet deposit. Abandonment of this channel resulted in deposition of a second abandoned inlet-channel clay plug. Abandoned tidal inlet channels exhibit U-shaped strike and crescentic- to wedge-shaped dip geometries. Basal, poorly sorted inlet sands are sealed beneath impermeable, abandoned-channel silt and clay, washover deposits, and salt marsh. Multiple episodes of inlet migration and abandonment during a rising sea-level deposited stacked inlet-fill sequences within the barrier islands. The resultant stratigraphy consists of interlayered, fining-upward, active inlet-fill sand overlain by thicker abandoned inlet-fill clay plugs. These clay plugs form impermeable zones between adjacent barrier island sand bodies. Shoreline transgression would remove the uppermost barrier island deposits, sealing the inlet-fill sequences between Pleistocene estuarine clay and shoreface to shelf silt and clay.
Time-of-flight diode-laser velocimeter using a locally seeded atomic absorber: Application in a pulse detonation engine

A diode-laser velocimeter based on atomic absorption spectroscopy has been developed and applied to a pulse detonation engine (PDE). The velocimeter uses a salt-coated sting to seed an atomic absorber at any desired location and a single, fixed-wavelength diode laser to monitor the absorber's presence downstream of the sting. Salt particles stripped from the sting tend to form distinct "clouds" of the atomic absorber rather than a uniform absorber stream. Gas velocity is inferred by measuring the time of flight of these clouds over a known distance. The properties of the salt coating can, in principle, be adjusted to tailor the velocimeter to a variety of flows and optimize its time response. In a PDE operating on C2H4 / O2, CsCl salt was seeded from a 150 \(\mu \)m diameter sting, and the D2 transition of atomic Cs near 852 nm was probed. Gas velocity histories, spanning 0-1000 m/s over a duration of \(\sim \) 6 ms, were recorded in the PDE and used to validate detonation models. Images obtained using an array of stings in a PDE are presented to demonstrate the potential for multidimensional velocimetry and to provide insight into the physics of the salt seeding.
Theory of a two-parameter adaptive control system

A two-parameter adaptive control system employing multiple models and model-parameter perturbation is proposed in this paper. Theoretical studies of this system have shown that it is self-adaptive when both the input signal and the parameters of the system vary unpredictably. It is shown that the two parameters of the feedback system are adjusted automatically along the path of steepest descent of the performance measure-parameters surface. An interesting feature of this system is that the perturbation signals do not appear at the output of the controlled system.
Laparoscopic Management of Recurrent Vesicovaginal Fistula

Vesicovaginal fistula repair is most commonly undertaken via a transvaginal approach. We report a recurrent case of vesicovaginal fistula which was ultimately repaired using a laparoscopic approach. The fistula followed a hysterectomy and persisted despite two operations using the Latzko partial colpocleisis and prolonged catheterization. The fistulous tract was ultimately repaired by closing the vagina and bladder with an interposing omental flap utilizing a laparoscopic approach.
Accounting for Racial Disparities in the Nature of Violent Victimization

Prior research suggests racial differences in violent victimization reflect differences in severity and not frequency. The current study proposes and tests hypotheses regarding the sources of racial variation in the nature of violent victimization. A person-incident data file is employed to examine theoretical mechanisms that purportedly explain the effects of race on the nature of violent victimization. Data are analyzed with multinomial logistic regression models. Mediation processes are examined using a decomposition model that simultaneously adjusts for parameter rescaling and confounding. Descriptive statistics reveal larger proportions of black males compared to whites experience gun violence, yet higher percentages of white males suffer unarmed violence. Differential exposure variables explain a larger quantity of racial differences in the likelihood of gun versus unarmed violence compared to behavioral attributes variables. Still, race remains a robust predictor of firearm victimization controlling for the full array of study variables. It appears that black males are more likely than whites to suffer serious forms of violence and not minor forms due more to their exposure to risky settings than to their behavioral characteristics. Nonetheless, there is some evidence that stereotypes also partially account for the higher rates of gun victimization among black males. This study advances research on race and interpersonal violence. Moreover, the study demonstrates the importance of specifying the proper dependent variable when testing theories of interpersonal violence and victimization.
Interpretation of short-term ice-sheet elevation changes inferred from satellite altimetry

Satellite altimetry offers means of directly measuring changes in surface elevation over the polar ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. By relating these changes to variations in ice mass, it becomes possible to detect short-term changes in the Earth's ice sheets. However, it is not immediately obvious that short-term changes in surface elevation are indicative of any (long-term) trend in ice mass. An increase in ice thickness may very well reflect the response of the glacier to random fluctuations in precipitation. The spectrum of this response is dominated by low frequencies, with the majority of the variance contained in the longer time scales. As a result, the ice-thickness record may exhibit trends that have no climatic significance, but are due to a low-frequency response to random forcing. A simple model for the interpretation of observed elevation changes is developed and applied to measurements made over the Greenland Ice Sheet. It appears to be unlikely that the difference between the rate of thickening derived by Zwally and others (1989) using repeat satellite altimetry, and significantly smaller previous estimates, can be explained as being the response of the ice sheet to random climatic forcing or that this difference can be attributed to a recent increase in accumulation rate.
Oscillatory mechanics of the respiratory system of pigeons.

Abstract Animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated with a constant driving force at frequencies from 2–19 Hz. Driving pressure (P c ), tracheal flow (V) and tidal volume (V) were recorded. P c and V were displayed on the X and Y axes of an oscilloscope and the frequency at which the resulting Lissajous figure indicated no phase shift was taken as the resonant frequency of the thoraco-abdominal complex. Total compliance and respiratory resistance were 2.75 ml/cm li 2 O ±, 0.33 S.E. and 40.86 cm H20/1/sec ± 57 S.E. respectively. The system was considered analogous to a series inductance, resistance, capacitance electrical network and the inertance calculated; 0.13 cm H 2 O/1/sec 2 ± 00.2 S.E. Mean resonant frequency was 9.4 Hz 4:0.45 S.E. At this frequency impedance was minimal consisting only of resistance, and tracheal flow maximal (3.5 L/min).
Posterior lumbar plexus block

Abstract Posterior lumbar plexus block is an attractive method of providing unilateral lower extremity anesthesia for a variety of surgical procedures. Posterior lumbar plexus block, by anesthetizing the lumbar plexus at the level of the roots, is a more "complete" lumbar plexus anesthetic compared with more peripheral approaches. Continuous posterior lumbar plexus techniques have recently been employed allowing procedures usually associated with significant postoperative pain to be performed on an ambulatory basis. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Quantification of [Dmt1]DALDA in ovine plasma by on-line liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The synthetic peptide [Dmt 1 ]DALDA (Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH 2 ; Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine; 'super-DALDA') is a mu opioid-receptor agonist. On-line liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the corresponding stable isotope-incorporated synthetic peptide internal standard were used to quantify [Dmt 1 ]DALDA that had been extracted from ovine plasma samples. The [M+2H] 2 + ion was used to construct the calibration curve, and the product ion was used for verification of the peptide. The detection sensitivity for the [Dmt 1 ]DALDA [M+2H] 2 + ion was 12.5 fmol and 50 fmol for the m/z 432.3 product ion. The concentration profile of [Dmt 1 ]DALDA was determined from a set of ovine plasma samples. The molecular specificity of the peptide quantification was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
Self-Regulation in Private and Public Politics

This paper presents a theory of self-regulation by a firm or an industry acting collectively in the context of private and public politics. In private politics an activist identifies a social issue, makes a demand on the firm, and threatens a harmful campaign. The firm self-regulates to forestall the campaign or reduce the campaign intensity. Self-regulation is decreasing in the campaign cost and the residual harm to the firm of conceding to a campaign. The activist moderates its demand to increase the forestalling self-regulation, which can lead the firm to incur a campaign. The public politics threat is that a legislature imposes more stringent regulation on the firm. The firm self-regulates to the boundary of the gridlock interval, which negates the power of an agenda-setter and forestalls public politics. Private politics, however, can lead the firm to self-regulate to the interior of the gridlock interval. The firm lobbies to reduce the cost of its self-regulation, and self-regulation and lobbying are substitutes. The activist increases the saliency of the issue to the constituents of pivotal legislators, which increases the cost of lobbying, causing the firm to self-regulate more and lobby less.
Characterization of high affinity choline uptake by Torpedo californica T-sacs.

— The high affinity choline uptake system present in T-sacs prepared from Torpedo californica electric organ was shown to be insensitive to external Ca2+ and to be absolutely dependent on external NaCl, with optimal uptake at approx 200 mM-NaCl. Both Na+ and Cl− separately stimulate uptake. Uptake also exhibited an optimum at approx 10mM-external K+. Uptake was completely inhibited at 4°C. Approximately 50% of newly accumulated [3H]choline was released by depolarization of T-sacs regardless of the time or method of depolarization.
Changes in the satiating effect of cholecystokinin over repeated trials

Abstract The study investigated the reasons for discrepant published results concerning a diminution of the satiating action of cholecystokinin (CCK) when it is administered over several trials. Throughout the experiment, rats were maintained on a schedule in which they were fasted for 5.5 h (except 5 ml of milk), and then given access to a 10% sucrose solution for 30 min. Following a baseline period, rats received 6 μg/kg CCK-8 every day (consecutive group) or every third day (intermittent group), or saline (saline group), 15 min prior to the sucrose. In the consecutive group, CCK-8 significantly reduced meal size on day 1 (85.1 ± 7.4% of baseline) compared to the saline group (106.9 ± 7.5% of baseline), p p p
Classical dynamics of three-body recombination via the resonance complex mechanism

Abstract Exact three-dimensional classical trajectories have been computed for bimolecular collisions of highly excited qausibound states of the hydrogen molecule with stable H 2 . The de-excitation cross sections obtained from an analysis of these trajectories were used in the computation of rate constants for the reaction H + H + M → H 2 + M according to the resonance theory of recombination. The so-called ”energy transfer“ mechanism, as opposed to the ”chaperon“ mechanism, was shown to be dominant for the case of M = H 2 .
Dimensions of Improvement in Stuttering

This paper presents a first approximation of the dimensional structure of stuttering improvement and its hierarchical organization. A set of 288 statements obtained from stutterers, indicating ways in which they felt their stuttering problems had improved, were assigned to dimensions by three clinicians who had considerable experience in the area of stuttering. They also were rated for the amount of improvement the changes reported usually represent by 26 clinicians who were regarded as authorities in the area of stuttering. The statements are ordered on the improvement continuum, by dimension, based upon the medians of the ratings assigned to them. The ordering of the statement set appears to be highly reliable
Solution Strategies for an Extension of Wahba's Problem to a Spinning Spacecraft

Several methods have been devised to estimate the optimal attitude quaternion and angular velocity for an axially symmetric spacecraft given only a time series of vector attitude measurements and a rigid-body model of the spacecraft dynamics. These methods solve a generalization of the Wahba problem that is applicable to a lowcomplexity spinning spacecraft such as a sounding rocket. They have the advantages of enabling rate estimation without gyros and avoiding the divergence issues of an extended Kalman filter. Measurements at different times are combined via the closed-form quaternion state transition matrix that makes use of Euler equations for a rigid body. The problem takes the form of six ormore nonlinear equations in six or seven unknowns, and these equations can be partially solved analytically to facilitate a numerical solution of the remainder. Representative simulation results illustrate both the merits of these solution strategies and some of the practical issues that arise during implementation.
Partitioning of 14C-assimilate in Easter Lily as affected by growth stage and flower removal

Abstract Three weeks before anthesis, flower buds of Easter Lily plants received 47 and 12% of 14C translocated from Leaf 5 (upper) and 25 (middle), respectively, whereas the bulb received 5 and 52%, respectively. Flower bud removal increased the fraction in the bulb to 52% (Leaf 5) and 63% (Leaf 25). At anthesis, the flowers received 78% (Leaf 5) and 65% (Leaf 25) of translocated 14C-assimilate, nearly all of which was in the second flower which was still expanding. Less than 5% of the 14C from either leaf moved to the bulb in intact flowering plants, but upon flower removal, the bulb received 26 and 59% of the labelled assimilate from Leaf 5 and 25, respectively. Five weeks after anthesis, nearly 85% of the 14C-assimilate from either leaf was in the bulb. The fraction of 14C moving into the daughter bulb increased from less than 10%, 3 weeks before, to over 50%, 5 weeks after anthesis. Regardless of treatment, sink activity of the daughter scales was 2- to 12-fold higher than that of the mother scales. Although much of the current assimilate from the upper half of the intact lily shoot moves to flowers before anthesis, flower-bud removal is an effective way to increase carbon supply to the bulb.
The effect of modeling and length of ownership on sharing behavior of children

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of two independent, variables, namely, observing a model share versus not observing a model share and long versus short possession time of the item to be shared, on the sharing behavior of children. Four groups, representing each possible treatment condition, were formed with 15 five- and six-year-old children in each. The results indicated that both observing a model share and longer ownership of the item facilitated sharing in these children, although the latter was originally hypothesized to retard sharing.
Power law model, correct application in reliability growth do the cumulative times indeed always add up?

Reliability growth methodology is a valuable tool to measure product reliability improvement either through planned, dedicated testing or the gradual upgrade and improvement of the fielded product. The methodology is well thought of with appropriate process mathematical assumptions so that when applied, it provides appropriate and justifiable information and tracking of reliability improvement. The usual Homogenous Poisson Process, HPP, with assumed constant failure rates and failure intensities is almost regularly assumed and used in all reliability analysis and especially testing. The Non-Homogenous Poisson Process, NHPP, adequately expresses step changes of failure rates resultant from product design or processes improvement, by fitting them with the continuous Power law curve. All reliability growth modeling done in this manner such as the take-off models Duane and AMSAA/CROW are valid and valuable. This paper proposes some changes in the accounting of the total test times for the cases when the multiple units are observed in test or in the field which may yield more appropriate determination of failure rates and their parameters. This paper points out that the common practice in reliability growth test data analysis with additions of test times of multiple test items at the times of individual failures may be inappropriate in the case where systematic failures — design or manufacturing practices flaws are observed. Therefore, the papr proposes application of the original NHPP power law, which is the model followed in derivations other current reliability growth analytical methods. The proposed analytical method will correct the errors introduced when multiple units are tested or observed, and will also provide uniformity of the data analysis. The errors do not show when a single items' reliability growth is ob served. They become apparent only in the cases of multiple items, and are proportional to the number of observed items and the lack of synchronization of beginning, ending, and upgrades times. To eliminate those errors, which cou ld be rather large when reliability growth of fielded products is followed, this paper proposes following the rules of the original power law model in all of the RG data analysis and calculations of reliability results. It might be also advisable that the additions are done in the published material to provide this guidance.
The Polyarthra escape from response: Defense against interference from Daphnia

Direct observations show that almost all (97%) Polyarthra remata caught in the inhalant current of Daphnia pulex avoid inhalation by initiating escape responses. Microvideographic analysis shows that these responses are initiated, on average, 0.24 mm (about 2.5 body lengths) from the inhalant opening of the branchial chamber, when the Polyarthra are moving at a velocity of about 1.4 mm s−1 (about 6 times their normal swimming speed – 0.24 mm s−1). The stimulus for the escape response could be rapid acceleration or, more likely, shear. The average distance traveled during an escape response is at least 1.25 mm (about 12 body lengths).
Utilization of Spaceborne SAR Data for Mapping

Recent developments in automated processing of digital SEASAT SAR imagery have made feasible the generation of large-scale high-resolution maps. Standard preprocessing of raw data into digital images results in geometrically distorted imagery. Computer algorithms have been developed for unsupervised pixel location, geometric rectification, and mosaicking of multiple-image frames without ground control points. These algorithms utilize knowledge of the spacecraft trajectory data, the imaging geometry, and the coherent properties of the sensor to generate the required processing parameters. This paper discusses the advantages as well as the inherent limitations of this technique, analyzes the associated errors, and presents results using SEASAT SAR imagery. Also discussed are the results of the recent shuttle imaging radar (SIR-A) experiment as well as a follow-on experiment (SIR-B) planned for 1984.
Toward Becoming One Self

I communicated often with the patient's psychologist during her last hospitalization. As the patient moves slowly toward integration, she and I remain in contact through correspondence and occasional lunch meetings. This friendly relationship provides a much-needed ongoing support system for the patient, which is provided by one who is familiar with her diagnostic picture. This paper has described early occupational therapy interventions with a patient whose condition has been newly diagnosed as multiple personality disorder. Skinner (1987) suggested that additional occupational therapy interventions be implemented as the patient improves.
Suppression of Ovulation in the Rat by an Orally Active Antagonist of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone

A synthetic antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone blocked ovulation in rats in a dose-dependent manner when given by gavage on the afternoon of proestrus. Ovulation was delayed for at least 1 day in all animals given 2 milligrams of antogonist and in some of the animals treated with 1 or 0.5 milligram. Oral administration of 2 milligrams also blocked the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. This demonstration that antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone can have oral antiovulatory activity clearly enhances their therapeutic potential.
Frostbite from prolonged exposure to moderate temperatures.

Summary A case of typical frostbite with gangrene of the right ear in a child with acute rheumatic fever and congestive heart failure is reported. The child's head was held within six inches of the oxygen inlet of a Barach type oxygen tent over a period of days. The temperature of the oxygen varied between 65° and 70° F.
Mediated pathogenicity of the baculovirus AcMNPV by the venom from Euplectrus comstockii Howard (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

The compatibility of the venom from the parasitic species Euplectrus comstockii Howard (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with the pathogenicity of Autographa californica (Speyer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) MNPV baculovirus (AcMNPV) was tested in third and fourth instar larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The presence of AcMNPV did not alter the ability of the venom to arrest ecdysis in T. ni larvae. The presence of the venom delayed the rate of viruses by AcMNPV but increased the total mortality rates from days 9 to 14 in both third and fourth instar T. ni larvae. The delay in viruses was minimized by administering the virus prior to envenomation. In the presence of the venom, the final LD50 values were lower for fourth instar larvae than for third instar larvae. Surface response equations were developed to visualize the effect of the venom on the viruses caused by AcMNPV.
The DEAH Box ATPases Prp16 and Prp43 Cooperate to Proofread 5′ Splice Site Cleavage during Pre-mRNA Splicing

To investigate the mechanisms underlying accurate pre-mRNA splicing, we developed an in vitro assay sensitive to proofreading of 5' splice site cleavage. We inactivated spliceosomes by disrupting a metal-ligand interaction at the catalytic center and discovered that, when the DEAH box ATPase Prp16 was disabled, these spliceosomes catalyzed 5' splice site cleavage but at a reduced rate. Although Prp16 does not promote splicing of a genuine substrate until after 5' splice site cleavage, we found that Prp16 can associate with spliceosomes before 5' splice site cleavage, consistent with a role for Prp16 in proofreading 5' splice site cleavage. We established that Prp16-mediated rejection is reversible, necessitating a downstream discard pathway that we found requires the DEAH box ATPase Prp43, a spliceosome disassembly factor. These data indicate that spliceosomes distinguish slow substrates and that the mechanisms for establishing the fidelity of 5' splice site cleavage and exon ligation share a common ATP-dependent framework.
Effect of repetitive acid-based cleaning on EUV mask lifetime and lithographic performance

In this study, the impact of repetitive cleaning of EUV masks on reflectivity, surface roughness and lithographic performance was evaluated. Two masks were fabricated and patterned with the same layout using commercially available EUV blanks; one was subjected to 33 cleaning cycles and the other was kept as a reference. Wafers were patterned using both masks on the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3 NA micro-field exposure tool (MET), and the data was used to determine process latitude and line edge roughness at regular intervals between cleaning cycles. Additionally, mask surface roughness and EUV reflectivity were also measured. After a total of 33 cleaning cycles, minimal degradation was observed in lithographic performance compared to the reference mask, as well as surface roughness and reflectivity.
Infliximab-Induced Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

Infliximab has well-established complications including injection site and allergic reactions, cytopenias, induction of autoimmune and demyelinating diseases and malignancy, especially lymphoma. Pulmonary complications are well documented and include serious respiratory infections from tuberculosis, fungal and opportunistic pathogens. This has prompted a Food and Drug Administration black-box warning recommending close surveillance for these diseases. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP) secondary to tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor (TNF-alpha) therapy is less well described. Rarely, TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy has been reported to cause NSIP when used in conjunction with other immunosuppressive agents. Literature search revealed 12 independent patients with presumed infliximab-induced NSIP in 8 separate publications; all patients were on concomitant steroid sparing immunosuppressive agents, complicating cause and effect. The authors report a case in which infliximab is surmised to cause NSIP in the absence of other steroid sparing immunosuppressants in a young female with ulcerative colitis. Of importance, the patient was taking no additional steroid sparing immunomodulating agents. The diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and radiologic and histopathological data. Cessation of infliximab and high-dose steroid therapy resulted in complete resolution of the patient's presenting signs and symptoms.
US university-sponsored technology incubators: an overview of management, policies and performance

Abstract Despite the increased worldwide interest in the university-sponsored technology incubator (USTI) as a mechanism for supporting the development of new technology-based firms (NTBFs), there is a dearth of empirical evidence on determinants of their best organization and management, and policy practices. This paper presents results from a national survey of more than 30 five-year and older American USTIs. The study focused on a sample comprising three state university-sponsored and three private university-sponsored facilities, generally viewed as being successful. The USTI practices and performance are explored using several key dimensions: organizational design, tenant performance review, funding sources, targeted technologies, strategic operational policies, services and their value-added component, and growth of the client firms. A comparative review of these dimensions reveals that there are no significant differences based on the type of sponsorship — state or private. It is concluded that, given the fuller utilization of university resources by the application of sound policies and business-management practices, the USTIs appear to provide an environment conducive to the development of NTBFs. Finally, it is recommended that universities must build their technology incubator programs by setting reasonable objectives and management policies that will encourage tangible results consistent with the new mission requirements of an entrepreneurial university.
Influenza: Lessons Learned from an Outbreak, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Vaccination Campaigns

ISSUE: Influenza is a serious nosocomial pathogen in high risk patient populations and causes an average of 36,000 deaths per year in the United States. Those at greatest risk of serious complications are persons aged less than 2 and greater than 65, and those with chronic medical conditions. Nosocomial acquisition of influenza should be minimized by effective vaccination, surveillance, and aggressive outbreak abatement. PROJECT: In 2003, a nosocomial outbreak of influenza was detected in the pediatric ICU. Control measures included vaccination of staff, patients and visitors, visitor curtailment and post exposure chemoprophylaxis. A survey of 142 healthcare workers (HCWs) receiving post-exposure chemoprophylaxis revealed that amongst the 69 (49%) respondents, amantadine was poorly tolerated and adherence was poor (41%). The most frequent side effects consisted of insomnia, nausea, diarrhea and dizziness. In response to this outbreak, a comprehensive re-evaluation of the influenza prevention program was conducted. A housewide questionnaire determined barriers to vaccination. An online survey targeted approximately 4500 employees resulting in 1939 completed surveys (response rate of 43%). Of those responding, 542 (28%) indicated they did not receive the influenza vaccine. Of those electing not to receive the vaccine, 153 (28%) indicated that the vaccine was not efficacious, 146 (27%) responded that the vaccine was associated with systemic toxicity, and 125 (23%) responded they were not at risk for influenza infection. Data obtained from the survey was utilized to develop educational material and to address these and other identified issues. RESULTS: Subsequent vaccination campaigns increased the overall rate of vaccination in high risk areas from 78% to 88% (p LESSONS LEARNED: 1) Effective influenza vaccination programs require yearly re-evaluation and strategies for improvement. Vaccination rates of 90% or greater are possible. Convenient vaccine delivery with local unit champions appears important in boosting vaccination rates. 2) Amantidine is poorly tolerated by HCWs, resulting in sub-optimal chemoprophylaxis and alternative (neuramindase inhibitor) chemoprophylaxis should be considered.
Ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the trochlear nucleus arise from different subdivisions in the vestibular nuclei

Vestibular neurons that project to the trochlear nucleus were studied following unilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase. After 48 h, the animals were perfused, transverse sections were cut, and reacted with diaminobenzidine. After injections centered on the trochlear nucleus, one-third of the labeled neurons were located in the ipsilateral superior (S) vestibular nucleus and almost half were in the contralateral medial (M) vestibular nucleus. Labeled fibers were restricted to the medial longitudinal fasciculus ipsilateral to the injection. This study supports hypotheses, based on physiological data of two vertical vestibulo-ocular pathways; one originating in the ipsilateral S that may be inhibitory and the second originating predominantly from the contralateral M that may be excitatory.
Inter‐generic differences in the metafemoral apodeme of flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)

. The metafemoral apodeme, an essential element of the unique jumping mechanism in the chrysomelid subfamily Alticinae (flea beetles), was studied in fifty-three Palearctic species of twenty-six genera. Inter-generic differences are noted and these genera separate into seven groups according to their apodeme structure. The significance of the metafemoral apodeme in phylo-genetic relationships at the generic and subfamilial level is discussed.
Behavior of Polyethylene Oxide Based Nonionic Surfactants in Silicon Processing Using Alkaline Solutions

The adsorption of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based nonionic surfactants onto hydrophobic silicon from an alkaline solution was investigated using an in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. The adsorption/desorption profiles of surfactants were affected by the type and length of the hydrophobic group and the lengths of hydrophilic PEO chains. Complete wetting of hydrophobic silicon was measured at surfactant concentrations in the range of 50 to 200 ppm. Surfactant adsorption was controlled by hydrophobic attractions between the hydrophobic moiety of surfactant and the silicon surface. The addition of surfactant to alkaline solutions dramatically reduced the etch rate of silicon and resulted in a smoother silicon surface. Oxidizing treatments followed by buffered oxide etching (BOE) were effective in the complete removal of adsorbed surfactant.
Influence of numerical dissipation in computing supersonic vortex-dominated flows

Steady supersonic vortex-dominated flows are solved using the unsteady Euler equations for conical and three-dimensional flows around sharp- and round-edged delta wings. The computational method is a finite-volume scheme which uses a four-stage Runge-Kutta time stepping with explicit second- and fourth-order dissipation terms. The grid is generated by a modified Joukowski transformation. The steady flow solution is obtained through time-stepping with initial conditions corresponding to the freestream conditions, and the bow shock is captured as a part of the solution. The scheme is applied to flat-plate and elliptic-section wings with a leading edge sweep of 70 deg at an angle of attack of 10 deg and a freestream Mach number of 2.0. Three grid sizes of 29 x 39, 65 x 65 and 100 x 100 have been used. The results for sharp-edged wings show that they are consistent with all grid sizes and variation of the artificial viscosity coefficients. The results for round-edged wings show that separated and attached flow solutions can be obtained by varying the artificial viscosity coefficients. They also show that the solutions are independent of the way time stepping is done. Local time-stepping and global minimum time-steeping produce same solutions.
Invertebrate community responses to recreational clam digging

Marine reserves can help in maintaining biodiversity and potentially be useful as a fishery management tool by removing human-mediated impacts. Intertidal, soft-sediment habitats can often support robust recreational and commercial shellfish harvests, especially for clams; however, there is limited research on the effects of reserves in these habitats. In San Juan County, Washington, several reserves prohibit recreational clam digging. We examined the effects of these reserves on infaunal community composition through comparison with non-reserve beaches during a 6-week period. Clam abundance, overall species richness and total polychaete family richness were greater on reserve beaches compared to non-reserve beaches. Additionally, an experiment within a reserve demonstrated negative impacts of digging on non-target infauna. These effects probably resulted from local disruption and disturbance of the sediment habitat and not from increased post-digging predation, which was controlled. Intertidal reserves could play an important role in sustaining local and potentially regional biodiversity.
Selective Pharmacological Modulation of Pyramidal Neurons and Interneurons in the CA1 Region of the Rat Hippocampus

The hippocampus is a complex network tightly regulated by interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In neurodegenerative disorders where cognitive functions such as learning and memory are impaired this excitation-inhibition balance may be altered. Interestingly, the uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist memantine, currently in clinical use for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, may alter the excitation-inhibition balance in the hippocampus. However, the specific mechanism by which memantine exerts this action is not clear. To better elucidate the effect of memantine on hippocampal circuitry, we studied its pharmacology on NMDAR currents in both pyramidal cells (PCs) and interneurons (Ints) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Applying whole-cell patch-clamp methodology to acute rat hippocampal slices, we report that memantine antagonism is more robust in PCs than in Ints. Using specific NMDAR subunit antagonists, we determined that this selective antagonism of memantine is attributable to specific differences in the molecular make-up of the NMDARs in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. These findings offer new insight into the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of NMDA receptor pharmacology in modulating hippocampal excitability.
Impact of delirium and recall on the level of distress in patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers.

Background Delirium is the most frequent neuro-psychiatric complication in patients with advanced cancer. In this exploratory study, we aimed to determine the proportion of patients who were able to recall their experience of delirium and the level of distress experienced by patients, family caregivers and health care professionals.
Food deprivation at weaning and adult behavior elicited by hypothalamic stimulation in the rat.

Many studies of behavior elicited by hypothalamic electrical stimulation suggest that discrete anatomical regions do not correlate with the elicitation of particular behaviors. Many different behaviors have been elicited from what appears to be the same anatomical site. An adequate explanation of this problem has been the purpose of considerable experimentation. However, the variables that might determine which behavior is elicited from each individual animal have not been determined. The experiment reported here tested the hypothesis that a biologically important early experience could influence the probability that particular behaviors would be elicited in the adult animals. Rats were weaned at 21 days and subjected to food deprivation from 24 to 28 days of age. At the end of the deprivation period the animals were given free access to food throughout the remainder of the experiment. Control animals, littermates matched for weight and sex, were allowed to mature without food deprivation. At maturity all animals were implanted with electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus and tested for stimulus-bound behaviors. Stimulus-bound digging was an unexpectedly prominent behavior, and it occurred significantly more often in the deprived group than in the control group. Therefore, it was concluded that a biologically important experience can have a lasting effect on the hierarchy of behaviors elicited by hypothalamic stimulation.
In search of knowledge-based search tactics

Knowledge-based search tactics are discussed in terms of their role in the functioning of a semantically-based search system for bibliographic information retrieval. This prototype system, EP-X, actively assists users in defining or refining their topics of interest. It does so by applying search tactics to a knowledge-base describing topics in a particular domain and a database describing the contents of individual documents.This paper reviews the empirical studies that lead to the two central concepts implemented in EP-X: Semantically-based search;Knowledge-based search tactics.