cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nematode Parasitism of Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larvae in Wisconsin

Sixteen species of simuliid larvae were parasitized by mermithid nematodes (Enoplida: Mermithidae) of at least 2 genera. Nematodes were not found in either pupae or adults. The parasites occurred in 23% of 215 rivers and streams sampled. Parasitism was greatest (49%-93%) among populations of Simulium vittatum Zett. inhabiting small, muddy-channeled streams during August. Two new species of mermithid nematodes ( Isomermis wisconsinensis Welch, 1962, and Gastromermis viridis Welch, 1962) were reared from infected S. vittatum larvae. The reared adult nematodes resulted in the first specific North American records of free-living mermithids from a simuliid and the first report of the genera Gastromermis Micoletzky, 1925, and Isomermis Coman, 1953, occurring in North America and in a simuliid. Laboratory-reared S. vittatum larvae infected with these species were prevented from pupating and eventually died. The detrimental effects of larval parasitism and the development of free-living, post-parasitic stages of the nematodes are reported.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation Following Major Nasal Resection

Treatment of extensive carcinoma of the external nose has as an objective the eradication of disease and rehabilitation of the patient. We review our experience with 15 patients treated with total and subtotal rhinectomy. Prosthetic rehabilitation offers prompt recovery of both cosmesis and function without morbidity. We conclude that prosthetic reconstruction of major nasal defects deserves consideration when rehabilitation following rhinectomy is required.
Social Determinants and Disparities in Health: Their Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ultimate Triumph(?) in Health Policy

David Mechanic has been a principal founder of modern sociological and social science approaches to health, especially in relation to health policy. These approaches have since the 1950s and 1960s resurrected ideas that had currency in the mid-nineteenth century but seemed crucified, dead, and buried by the rise of modern biomedicine from the mid-nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. Problems and lacunae in purely biomedical approaches to health in the later twentieth century, along with developments of new biopsychosocial approaches to health, have spawned a return toward ideas of Rudolf Virchow and mid-nineteenth-century social medicine that social determinants and disparities are major drivers of population health. Since individual health and population health constitute the major determinants of health care utilization and expenditures, social determinants and disparities in health are arguably the foundation of a new "demand-side" health policy that can resolve America's paradoxical health policy crisis of spending increasingly more than any nation on health care and insurance yet achieving increasingly worsening health outcomes relative to virtually all developed countries and some developing ones as well, something that current "supply-side" health policy, including Obamacare, cannot do, important as it is for expanding access to health insurance and care.
Study on Teaching Strategies Applied in Public Elective Courses of Computer Science

In this paper,the author discusses the teaching tools,methods,contents,concepts and functions related to computer science courses.Based on his exploration and discussion,the author stresses the importance of training students' creativity in the teaching of computer science public elective courses.
The pig as a xenograft donor

Miniature swine have several advantages over other potential donor species as a xenograft donor for clinical use. Among these advantages are: 1) unlimited availability; 2) size (similar to human beings); 3) breeding characteristics; 4) physiologic and immunologic similarities to humans. Because of the genetic disparity between these two species, routine immunosuppression will probably not suffice for long-term survival of pig to primate xenografts. Studies are therefore underway to induce tolerance across this species barrier, utilizing a mixed chimerism approach which has previously been successful for allogenic and concordant xenogeneic combinations. Hyperacute rejection has been eliminated by an absorption technique and pig kidney xenograft survivals up to 13 days have been achieved.
Avoiding moving obstacles with stochastic hybrid dynamics using PEARL: PrEference Appraisal Reinforcement Learning

Manual derivation of optimal robot motions for task completion is difficult, especially when a robot is required to balance its actions between opposing preferences. One solution has been proposed to automatically learn near optimal motions with Reinforcement Learning (RL). This has been successful for several tasks including swing-free UAV flight, table tennis, and autonomous driving. However, high-dimensional problems remain a challenge. We address this dimensionality constraint with PrEference Appraisal Reinforcement Learning (PEARL), which solves tasks with opposing preferences for acceleration controlled robots. PEARL projects the high-dimensional continuous robot state space to a low dimensional preference feature space resulting in efficient and adaptable planning. We demonstrate that on a dynamic obstacle avoidance robotic task, a single learning on a much simpler problem performs real-time decision-making for significantly larger, high-dimensional problems working in unbounded continuous states and actions. We trained the agent with 4 static obstacles, while the trained agent avoids up to 900 moving obstacles with complex hybrid stochastic obstacle dynamics in a highly constrained space using only limited information about the environment. We compare these tasks to traditional, often manually tuned solutions for these high-dimensional problems.
Macular corneal dystrophy: Ultrastructural pathology of corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane

Comeal buttons from four patients with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) were examined histochemically and ultrastructuraUy with particular emphasis on the abnormalities of the endothelium and Descemet's membrane. Abnormal deposits of acid mucopolysaccharide (AMP) were histochemically demonstrable within both the endothelial cells and Descemet's membrane. By electron microscopy, these deposits corresponded to fibrillogranular material visible as membrane-bound vacuoles within the endothelial cytoplasm and as vesicular deposits throughout Descemet's membrane. The similarity of these alterations to those of the keratocytes and stroma in MCD indicates that the endothelium may be primarily involved in this disorder and may constitute the source of the extracellular AMP in Descemet's membrane. Guttate excrescences of Descemet's membrane in MCD ukrastructurally resembled those of Fuchs' combined dystrophy. Comparison of the corneal lesions in MCD and in systemic mucopolysaccharidoses suggests different biochemical lesions in these disease states.
Determinants of Housing Investment

What factors account for differences among countries in the share of resources invested in residential construction? One important factor is likely to be the stage of development, an index of a nation’s ability to mobilize resources for new housing. If so, is the size of the share systematically related to development stage? There has been some theorizing about such a relationship and its nature, supported by a modicum of statistical verification. And how important are demographic variables such as urbanization?
Children’s Developing Understanding of Number: Mind, Brain, and Culture

This chapter describes and extends Robbie Case’s contributions to the field of children’s numerical development. Case postulated a theory of numerical development that results from an integration of two schemas essential to understanding quantity relations. These schemas depict children’s intuitions about numerical concepts that involve counting objects and comparing quantities. A conceptual structure that supports a new way of thinking emerges from this integration – a qualitatively different way of viewing the quantitative world. This new structure is termed a central numerical structure, which serves as a focal hub for children’s understandings of a broad range of numerical activities and situations that are culturally defined. The current chapter takes these ideas in two directions: one is to explore the potential origins of the counting and quantity schemas and the other is to examine the development of central numerical structures in cultural contexts. The former presents an argument that the two, initial structures parallel the two “core” systems of number for infants: Recent findings from cognitive sciences and neurosciences show that infants may possess such systems of number that allow them to represent discrete numerosity (similar to the counting schema) and approximate numerical magnitudes (similar to the quantity schema). For the latter, the chapter presents evidence from two cross-national studies that showed equivalent patterns of development of central numerical structures between American and Japanese children, despite large achievement differences in mathematics. The chapter ends with an attempt to link recent developments in neurosciences to cognitive and cultural studies of the numerical mind.
Evaluation of Direct Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients.

Context:Anticoagulation therapy is common in thoracic transplant recipients. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are alternatives to warfarin therapy, but characterization of their use in solid orga...
Forming the past

The water-logged components of five shoes from the 17th-century Nanny privy and one shoe and one boot from the 19th-century Mill Pond site were treated, shaped, and reformed as part of the Central Artery Project. Four of the 17th-century shoes have an unusual square gap-toe and may have been made in Boston.
Hardware Trojan Detection: Untrusted Manufactured Integrated Circuits

Trojan circuits are designed to avoid detection, triggering only under rare conditions. Trojans are silent most of their lifetimes and have a very small size, relative to their host circuits, and make only limited contributions to circuit characteristics. These qualities suggest that they most likely connect to nets with low controllability and/or observability [1, 4].
Hourly peak PM2.5 concentration associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in Guangzhou, China

Hourly peak concentration may capture health effects of ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) better than daily averages. We examined the associations of hourly peak concentration of PM2.5 with cardiovascular mortality in Guangzhou, China. We obtained daily data on cardiovascular mortality and hourly PM2.5 concentrations in Guangzhou from 19 January 2013 through 30 June 2015. Generalized additive models were applied to evaluate the associations with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Significant associations were found between hourly peak concentrations of PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality, particularly from ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CBD). Every 10 μg/m3 increment of hourly peak PM2.5 at lag 03 day was associated with a 1.15% (95% CI: 0.67%, 1.63%); 1.02% (95% CI: 0.30%, 1.74%) and 1.09% (95% CI: 0.27%, 1.91%) increase in mortalities from total cardiovascular diseases, IHD and CBD, respectively. The effects remained after adjustment for daily mean PM2.5 and gaseous air pollutants, though there was a high correlation between PM2.5 peak and PM2.5 mean (correlation coefficient=0.95). No significant association was observed for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In addition to daily mean concentration of PM2.5, hourly peak concentration of PM2.5 might be one important risk factor of cardiovascular mortality and should be considered as an important air pollution indicator when assessing the possible cardiovascular effects of PM2.5.
MRI Findings and Outcome in Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency

Researchers at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK examined the clinical, brain MRI, biochemical, genetic, and EEG features and outcome in 8 children with a diagnosis of molybdenum cofactor deficiency seen over a 10-year period.
A study of glial cell proliferation in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the rat following interruption of the ventral hippocampal commissure

The proliferation of glial cells in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in response to lesions of the ventral hippocampal commissure, has been studied autoradiographically following intraventricular injections of 3H-thymidine. Within 24 h of commissurotomy there is an appreciable increase in the number of labeled cells throughout the molecular layer which reaches its peak at approximately 36 h. This generalized glial hyperplasia persists for at least 5--6 weeks and there does not appear to be a secondary re-distribution of the newly-generated glial cells as has been reported after entorhinal lesions (Gall et al., 1979). In semi-thin plastic sections most of the proliferating cells more closely resemble the "medium-shade oligodendrocytes" of Ling et al. (1973) than typical microglia; the reactive astrocytes do not appear to participate in the glial proliferation.
The roles of technology acceptance and computer learner aptitude on accounting student learning achievement with IDEA software

Technology is pervasive in the accounting profession. Successful auditors must be able to use current computer auditing techniques CAATs. Learning to use these technologies as part of a college accounting curriculum can help ensure new accounting graduates are equipped to participate in all phases of audits from the start of their careers. However, some students learn course-specific technology more easily than others. Our study investigates the roles that student technology acceptance and aptitude for learning technology play in student comprehension of the auditing software IDEA. While prior research has shown that technology acceptance and aptitude for learning technology both are relevant to technology adoption decisions of organisations, prior research has not applied these models to teaching and learning technology. We found that students' perceptions about the ease of use of IDEA, its usefulness, and their intent to use IDEA in their future careers all have significant impacts on their computer learning aptitude. We also found that computer learning aptitude impacted student learning. When students believed their aptitude for learning technology was higher, they showed higher achievement in using IDEA.
Periocular breast carcinoma metastases: correlation of clinical, radiologic and histopathologic features.

Importance To describe presenting patterns of breast cancer metastases to the orbit and eyelids. Background To provide clinical, radiographic and pathologic correlations of breast metastases to the orbit or eyelids and evaluate radiographic volumetric orbital changes. Design Retrospective review in an academic centre. Participants Ten female patients with periocular metastatic breast carcinoma who were seen at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Oculoplastics Clinic. Methods Retrospective review of patient records, imaging and pathology findings. Main Outcome Measures Presenting clinical characteristics, radiographic findings and histopathological features were assessed and correlated to discover distinctive presenting patterns. Volumetric measurements of the tumours and orbital soft tissue structures were made on magnetic resonance imaging studies. Results The breast cancer metastases included eleven orbital lesions and one eyelid lesion. Two distinct clinical presentations were observed. The first consisted of seven patients who had either enophthalmos or euphthalmos, a radiographically indistinct intraconal lesion and a histologically classic invasive lobular breast carcinoma with a prominent fibrotic stroma. The second group consisted of two proptotic patients with discrete mass lesions on imaging and an atypical invasive lobular breast carcinoma pathological subtype (pleomorphic or alveolar). One patient had diffusely indurated eyelid fullness. Volumetric analyses demonstrated variable tumour sizes with an inconsistent impact on the orbital volume and fat. Conclusions and Relevance This correlative study provides the clinical-radiographic-histopathologic basis for separating two overarching phenotypic presentations of metastatic breast carcinoma to the orbit. Previously postulated mechanisms for the distinctive finding of tumour-induced enophthalmos are re-examined in the light of the foregoing conclusions.
“E tu, que achas tu de tudo isto?” : Colonial Women, Memory and Post-Independence in João Paulo Borges Coelho’s Rainhas da Noite

This essay analyzes Joao Paulo Borges Coelho’s latest novel, Rainhas da Noite (2013), from the perspective of its portrayal of colonial women. My argument begins by recalling Laura Calvacante Padilha’s inspired insights into the representation of voices from pre-colonial traditions in modern African fiction. I then develop and extend Padilha’s work by including voices from the historically more recent colonial past within the fictional repertory of recovered voices. Borges Coelho’s writings indeed allude to spaces and “voices” of African tradition, as Padilha argues. I suggest, however, that it is the memory of the past of Mozambican colonial time, as well as the relation between that past and a present defined by post-independence, that constitutes the axis of aesthetic and social meaning in Rainhas da Noite . The recent past of Portuguese colonial domination permeates Borges Coelho’s novels. --- Original in English.
The role of coenzymes I and II in blood of persons with pneumococcal pneumonia

Abstract 1.1. In contrast to the report of Kohn and Bernheim, 4 we find a significant decrease in the concentration of coenzymes I and II in the blood of 17 of 20 patients with acute lobar pneumonia, as determined by the growth stimulation for the influenza bacillus. 2.2. The concentration of coenzymes I and II increased to normal limits within twenty-four to forty-eight hours after a crisis induced by either serum or sulfapyridine. 3.3. These findings are consistent with the clinical knowledge that pneumonia predisposes malnourished persons to attacks of pellagra.
The function of metaphor framing, deliberate or otherwise, in a social world

Metaphor frames highlight certain aspects of a target domain and deemphasize others, thereby encouraging specific patterns of inference. A recent series of studies ( Reijnierse, Burgers, Krennmayr, & Steen, 2015 ; Steen, Reijnierse, & Burgers, 2014 ), however, raises questions about the role of metaphor in communication and reasoning by (a) failing to find metaphor framing effects on a series of policy judgments, (b) critiquing the methods that have been used to test for metaphor framing effects, and (c) arguing that current theories of metaphor processing fail to consider the social-pragmatic dimension of metaphor in communication. Here, I reflect on these concerns and present novel analyses of data collected by Steen and colleagues, which reveal metaphor framing effects in these studies but fail to support a prediction of Deliberate Metaphor Theory (DMT): that extended metaphors are more likely to be remembered. DMT attempts to situate metaphor framing effects more intentionally along a social-pragmatic dimension; developing and testing the theory was a primary motivation of the studies conducted by Steen and colleagues. I discuss the implications of these findings and offer a perspective on how DMT can help grow our knowledge of the function of metaphor in a social world.
Averaged solar radiation pressure modeling for high area-to-mass ratio objects in geosynchronous orbits

Abstract Space Situational Awareness, among other efforts, is aimed at providing a comprehensive and accurate knowledge of all Earth-orbiting objects. This is done by maintaining a catalog of space objects’ states (position and velocity). In the absence of observations, the orbits of these objects need to be numerically simulated. In this work, we study the high area-to-mass ratio class of objects which are sensitive to very small changes in perturbations, particularly the attitude dependent solar radiation pressure. This attitude dependency renders the orbit-attitude motion to be coupled. Traditionally, a cannonball model would be used to model these perturbations. While this is acceptable for an attitude stabilized active satellite, for non-functional space debris, the cannonball model does not seem to approximate the true dynamics accurately. Hence, a more precise, albeit computationally expensive propagation model needs to be developed, which warrants a better modeling of the perturbations in the near-Earth space. This work introduces a new model that averages the solar radiation pressure force experienced by multi-layer insulation foil in geosynchronous orbits. While speeding up the computational time by 66%, this model produces errors that are small enough to stay within the field of view of surveying telescopes over the propagation period of four days. The approach is compared with other existing models.
Preoperative Opioids Increase the Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Opioids have well-known immunosuppressive properties and preoperative opioid consumption is relatively common among patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The hypothesis of this study was that utilization of opioids preoperatively would increase the incidence of subsequent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients undergoing primary TJA. Methods A comparative cohort study design was set up that used a cohort of 23,754 TJA patients at a single institution. Patient records were reviewed to extract relevant information, in particular details of opioid consumption, and an internal institutional database of PJI was cross-referenced against the cohort to identify patients who developed a PJI within 2 years of index arthroplasty. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the potential association between preoperative opioid consumption and the development of PJI. Results Among the total cohort of 23,754 patients, 5051 (21.3%) patients used opioids before index arthroplasty. Preoperative opioid usage overall was found to be a significant risk factor for development of PJI in the univariate (odds ratio, 1.63; P = .005) and multivariate analyses (adjusted odds ratio, 1.53 [95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.05], P = .005). Conclusion Preoperative opioid consumption is independently associated with a higher risk of developing a PJI after primary TJA. These findings underscore a need for caution when prescribing opioids in patients with degenerative joint disease who may later require arthroplasty.
Is University Patenting Necessary or Sufficient to Make University Research Valuable Economically

There once was widespread belief that there was a clean divide between science and technology. Science was advanced through a system in which new research results and theories were open public knowledge. Technology was advanced through a system driven by the lure and reward of proprietary rights on new technological knowledge. In fact, science and technology have overlapped for a long time, but today the overlap clearly is considerable. Many research results occur in the overlap area. Should they be treated as public knowledge, or allowed to be made proprietary? What are the issues at stake? In this essay I try to illuminate the problem, if not find clean solutions.
Lymphohematopoietic Engraftment in Minimally Myeloablated Hosts

The concept that myeloablation to open space was a prerequisite for marrow stem cell engraftment has been challenged by studies showing high rates of engraftment in nonmyeloablated mice (Stewart et al, Blood 81:2566, 1993; Quesenberry et al, Blood Cells 20:97, 1994; Brecher et al, Blood Cells 5:237, 1979; Saxe et al, Exp Hematol 12:277, 1984; and Wu et al, Exp Hematol 21:251, 1993). However, relatively large numbers of marrow cells were necessary to achieve high long-term donor percentages. We have demonstrated, using a BALB/c male/female marrow transplant model and detecting male DNA in host tissues by Southern blot or fluorescent in situ hybridization, that exposure to doses of irradiation that cause minimal myeloablation (50 to 100 cGy) leads to very high levels of donor chimerism, such that relatively small numbers of marrow cells (10 to 40 million) can give donor chimerism in the 40% to 100% range. Studies of radiation sensitivity of long-term engrafting cells have shown that 100 cGy, although not myelotoxic, is stem cell toxic, and indicate that the final host:donor ratios are determined by competition between host and donor stem cells. These data indicate that low levels of irradiation should be an effective approach to nontoxic marrow transplantation in gene therapy or in attempts to create allochimerism to treat such diseases as cancer, sickle cell anemia, or thalassemia.
Diaspora Literacy and Afro-Latin Humanity: A Critical Studyin' Case Study of a World History Teacher's Critical Sociohistorical Knowledge Development.

The development of critical sociohistorical knowledge is needed to assist teachers in negotiating and deconstructing the relevance of race, racism, and black history in global-themed social studies...
Cooked color of precooked ground beef patties manufactured with mature bull trimmings.

Abstract Lean (80%) ground beef was formulated with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% mature bull trimmings, formed into patties, cooked to 71 °C in an air-impingement oven, and stored at −20 °C until reheating to 71 °C either in a microwave oven or on a gas-fired chargrill. Instrumental color of raw patties was not (P ≥ .080) affected by levels of bull trim. After initial cooking, internal cooked redness values were not affected (P ≥ .202) by the proportion of bull trim; however, the internal reheated patty redness increased (greater a* values and lesser HA; P ≤ .001) with increasing proportions of bull trimmings. Formulating ground beef with high levels (>50%) of mature, bull trimmings had minimal effects on raw ground beef color, but patties formulated with the highest proportions of bull trimmings appeared undercooked even after cooking twice to 71 °C.
Improved synthesis of icosahedral carboranes containing exopolyhedral B-C and C-C bonds.

Abstract Carboranes are boron-rich molecular clusters possessing electronic characteristics that allow for orthogonal approaches to vertex-selective modifications. We report improved functionalization methods utilizing orthogonal chemistry to achieve efficient substitution at electron-rich B-vertices and electron-poor C-vertices of carborane. Functionalization of B-vertices with alkyl and (hetero)aryl groups using the corresponding Grignard reagents has been improved through the use of a Pd-based precatalyst featuring an electron-rich biaryl phosphine ligand, resulting in reduced reaction times. Importantly, this method is tolerant towards alkyl-based Grignard reagents containing β-hydrogens. Furthermore, a transition metal-free approach to the substitution of carborane C-vertices with (hetero)aryl substrates has been developed under nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) conditions. The selective substitution of carboranes afforded by these methods holds potential for the rational synthesis of heterofunctionalized boron clusters with substituents on both boron and carbon-based vertices.
Embodied and Situated Cognitive Neuroscience

Abstract The chapter aims at analyzing the impact of physical work on brain activity and performance while engaged in cognitive work. Working-memory performance has been found to be lessened with concurrent physical activity. Prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin varies widely according to fNIRS studies. The influence of environment has been neglected, however. To learn how the environment affects physical work concurrent with mental activity, participants were asked to combine auditory tasks with walking indoors and out. for which results were recorded.
Harmonic Mitigation and a Practical Study of Torque Harmonics in Induction Motor Startup

In this paper, the nature of harmonics due to the operation of nonlinear power system components, the effects of harmonics and methods to eliminate the harmonics will be discussed briefly. Harmonics caused by power electronic devices and their impact on other loads in an industrial facility are a primary concern in this paper. Harmonics are the major source power quality problems for power systems. Therefore, harmonic mitigation techniques are inevitable in power systems and sometimes in the power converters themselves. This paper reviews and analyzes the main power electronic sources of harmonics in a power system and describe the available mitigation techniques. Therefore, it helps to compare the compensation methods and choose the best one based on the application. A further study can be classifying the optimized compensation method for different harmonic sources. This paper includes a case study that introduces a different approach to practically mitigate the unwanted harmonics in a 12000 hp synchronous motor that failed to start up with a soft starter.
Levamisole for children with nephrotic syndrome: new evidence for the use of an "old" drug.

In the current issue of Kidney International, Sinha et al. report results of a randomized controlled trial comparing levamisole and mycophenolate mofetil for the second-line treatment of children with frequent relapses of nephrotic syndrome. This study suggests that these two agents may both be safe and effective. The present commentary addresses strengths and limitations of this important study.
The Risk of Financial Hardship in Retirement: A Cohort Analysis

This paper explores the likely prevalence of hardship in old age for individuals now nearing retirement. We use two decades of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to determine what observable demographic, socioeconomic, and financial factors in late middle age predicted economic hardship in old age for the cohort that was nearing retirement age in the mid-1990s. It then uses these findings to predict economic hardship in old age for the cohort nearing retirement age in the mid-2010s. Our analysis suggests that the more recent cohort is likely to realize higher economic insecurity, particularly among men.
Accurate determination of laser spot position during laser powder bed fusion process thermography.

Abstract High-speed thermography is useful tool for researching the laser powder bed fusion process by providing thermal information in heat affected zone. However, it is not directly possible to ascertain the position of the laser spot with respect to the melt pool, which could provide key information regarding how laser energy is distributed and absorbed. In this paper, we demonstrate a procedure for registering the laser spot position with the melt pool using a bright illumination source co-axially aligned with the laser to project a sharp spot on the build plane. This spot is fixed to the laser position and used as a reference frame for registering the laser spot with the melt pool radiance temperature distribution. Measurement results demonstrate the effect of varying process parameters (laser power and scan speed) on the melt pool thermal field and respective position of the laser spot.
More alike than different: Profiles of high-income and low-income rooftop solar adopters in the United States

Abstract The U.S. residential rooftop solar market has seen rapid growth in the last decade, much of it concentrated among higher-income households. To address inequities in solar access, a growing number of policies aim to put solar on the roofs of low-to-moderate income (LMI) households. As much of the extant literature on solar adoption is based on the behavior of wealthier and more highly-educated households, questions arise about how to best reach potential LMI adopters. Do the same factors guide their decision-making, or do LMI households have fundamentally different motivations and barriers? To answer these questions, this study surveyed over 500 low-income adopter households in California who received their PV systems for free through a nonprofit. Their responses were compared to those in an existing dataset of high-income PV adopters in the same state. Results suggest that high-income and LMI solar adopters are more alike than not. Both groups are drawn to novel goods and have strong pro-environmental norms, with LMI households scoring slightly higher on these measures. The relative importance of different motivations for and barriers to getting solar were also similar. Taken together the results suggest that even when PV is highly-subsidized, it may be most attractive to people who fit the profile of “early adopters.”
The Future of Control and Communication: Power Electronics-Enabled Power Grids

Session B, "Future of Control and Communication" at the 10th IEEE Future of Electronics Power Processing and Conversion (FEPPCON X) 2019, had as its main goal to delve into the opportunities and challenges that future control and communication capabilities will bring to power electronics and its numerous applications with an emphasis on the power grid and its future evolution.
Prediction of the effect of sucrose on equilibrium swelling of starch suspensions

Abstract Equilibrium swelling of 8 wt % suspension of waxy (WMS) and normal (NMS) maize, waxy(WRS) and normal(NRS) rice when heated to 80 °C at different sucrose concentrations (0–30 wt %) were characterized. The swelling power reached maximum values of 10.5 and 14.5 at sucrose concentration of 5 wt % and 10 wt % for NMS and WRS respectively, increased with sucrose concentration for WMS from 11 to 15.5 and decreased for NRS from 11 to 8.2. The onset temperature of gelatinization increased with sucrose concentration for all starches whereas enthalpy of gelatinization increased for normal maize starches and did not vary significantly for waxy starches. The interaction parameters for three component system of starch, water and sucrose were inferred from static light scattering. The predicted equilibrium swelling for all starches at different sucrose concentrations using Flory-Huggins theory agreed well with experimental data.
Congressional Career Decisions in the 2018 Congressional Midterm Elections

Although we prefer to think of congressional turnover as being electorally driven and based on the choices of voters, in recent decades retirements/resignations have been a larger contributor to ch...
“It was never really bullying, but…”: Reflections of Adolescents and Parents on Experiences of Microaggressions in School

School bullying receives considerable attention in research and in prevention and intervention activities, but microaggressions (a related form of aggressive behaviors) are largely ignored. This exploratory and descriptive qualitative study reports on diverse students’ experiences with microaggressions related to racism, homophobia, transphobia, and anti-fat bias, and school responses to such incidents. As part of a larger study on bullying, we conducted four focus groups (n = 25 youth) and 13 dyadic interviews (n = 26 youth and parents). Questions about experiences of bullying gave rise to descriptions of numerous incidents that were classified as microaggressions in inductive thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: (1) Many types of microaggressions communicate marginalization, stereotypes, and lack of acceptance; (2) Experiences of microaggressions negatively affect mental health and school engagement; (3) Many youth stay silent in the face of microaggressions, but some stand up to aggressors; and (4) School and teacher responses to microaggressions are perceived mostly as nonexistent or ineffective. Schools should consider microaggressions a subset of bullying behaviors and address them in prevention activities, as well as provide resources and activities to engender a school climate that is respectful and supportive of diverse students.
Evaluating Constraints on Fiber Digestion by Rumen Microbes

Factors affecting fiber digestion in ruminants were evaluated with the use of simple mathematical models. These models were constructed to define the dynamic processes involved so that constraints on fiber digestion may be elucidated. The fraction of fiber that is resistant to digestion and the rate of digestion and passage of potentially fermentable fiber were identified as constraints on fiber digestion in the rumen. Fermentation lag was shown to have no direct effect on fiber digestibility. Fiber that is resistant to fermentation by rumen microbes represents a significant fraction of forage fiber and accumulates in the rumen relative to potentially fermentable fiber. The digestibility of fiber that is potentially fermentable is a function of the rate at which the fiber is digested and its retention time in the rumen. Selective retention of potentially fermentable fiber in the rumen is necessary for the maximization of fiber digestion.
Prefix sums and their applications

Abstract: "Experienced algorithm designers rely heavily on a set of building blocks and on the tools needed to put the blocks together into an algorithm. The understanding of these basic blocks and tools is therefore critical to the understanding of algorithms. Many of the blocks and tools needed for parallel algorithms extend from sequential algorithms, such as dynamic-programming and divide-and-conquer, but others are new. This paper introduces one of the simplest and most useful building blocks for parallel algorithms: the all-prefix-sums operation. The paper defines the operation, shows how to implement it on a P-RAM and illustrates many applications of the operation.In addition to being a useful building block, the all-prefix-sums operation is a good example of a computation that seems inherently sequential, but for which there is an efficient parallel algorithm."
The DSM-III personality disorders section: A commentary.

The author reviews the DSM-III section on personality disorders, discusses several of its more controversial diagnoses, and suggests some possible alternatives. He attributes the continued low reliability of personality diagnoses, compared with the other major sections of DSM-III, to two inherent obstacles: the lack of clear boundaries demarcating the personality disorders from normality and from one another, and the confounding influence of state and role factors. Nonetheless, the DSM-III multiaxial system highlights the importance of personality diagnosis and, together with the provision of clearly specified diagnostic criteria, achieves a considerably improved reliability compared with previous nomenclatures.
The Influence of Microstructural Features on Dynamic Fracture

Depending on the application, materials are either required to resist fracture under dynamic loads, or else to break up easily and predictably under dynamic loads. Load-carrying structures, such as nuclear reactor pressure vessels, reentry vehicles, and armored vehicles, are examples of the former case; hand grenades and other fragmenting projectiles are examples of the latter.
Luteoma of pregnancy: sonographic findings in two cases

Luteoma of pregnancy is a rare nonneoplastic tumor-like mass of the ovary that emerges during pregnancy and regresses spontaneously after delivery. It is usually asymptomatic and is found incidentally during a cesarean section or postpartum tubal ligation. However, luteomas can be hormonally active, with production of androgens resulting in maternal and fetal hirsutism and virilization. Less than 200 cases have been described in the literature, and none in radiologic journals. Recognition of this entity is important so that unnecessary oophorectomy, with concomitant risk to both the patient and the fetus, is avoided. In this report, we describe two cases of luteoma of pregnancy. The first case documents sequential ultrasonographic demonstration of a presumed luteoma of pregnancy in a patient who was seen with hirsutism during a second trimester pregnancy. The luteoma, serum androgen levels, and patient's condition improved after delivery. This case is unique in that although the mass significantly decreased in size post partum, it continued to be visualized 14 months post partum. The second case illustrates the pronounced cystic appearance that these classically described solid lesions can demonstrate because of extensive necrosis.
Fitting statistical distributions to air quality data by the maximum likelihood method

Abstract A computer program has been developed for fitting statistical distributions to air pollution data using maximum likelihood estimation. Appropriate uses of this software are discussed and a grouped data example is presented. The program fits the following continuous distributions: normal, three-parameter lognormal, three-parameter gamma, three-parameter Weibull, Johnson SB, and four-parameter beta. The parameters of each distribution are estimated by closed solutions or the Nelder-Mead Simplex iterative search. Graphical output contains a plot of the fitted distribution superimposed upon the histogram of the data for each model. Six goodness-of-fit criteria are supplied and ranked by the program to aid in the selection of the most appropriate choice among the six models.
Three-Dimensional Flow Patterns in Two-Dimensional Wakes

The development of three-dimensional patterns in the wake of two-dimensional objects is examined from the point of view of hydrodynamic stability. It is first shown that for parallel shear flows, which are homogeneous along their span, the time-asymptotic state of the instability is always two-dimensional. Subsequently, the effect of flow inhomogeneities in the spanwise direction is examined. Slow modulations of the time-average flow in the spanwise direction, and localized regions of strongly inhomogeneous flow are separately considered
Perturbative QCD analysis of exclusive pair production of higher-generation nucleons

Results are presented of a perturbative QCD analysis of heavy-baryon form factors to leading order in ..cap alpha../sub s/ including all higher-twist quark-mass effects. A dip in the total cross section for the e/sup +/e/sup -/ pair production of some higher-generation nucleons is predicted. The results are consistent with the definition of charge form factors at zero momentum transfer and reproduce the well-known anomalous magnetic moments of nucleons. These considerations resolve a sign ambiguity in previous leading-twist analyses of the hard-scattering contribution to the proton magnetic form factor.
Legume cover crop options for grain rotations in Wisconsin

Use of forage legumes as cover crops in the year prior to corn (Zea mays L.) is one way to reduce the amount of N fertilizer used in corn production. This study evaluated several forage legumes for dry matter (DM) production during the seeding year when established in grain rotations. Field studies were conducted near Arlington and Marshfield, WI, in 1989 and 1990. Treatments consisted of nine forage legumes: medium and mammoth red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), dormant and nondormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alsike clover (T. hybridum L.), ladino clover (T. repens L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and two cultivars of yellow sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.] [...]
Possible role of six-quark clusters in deuteron electrodisintegration

Abstract Deuteron electrodisintegration cross sections at large angle are calculated for q 2 ⩽ (2GeV/ c ) 2 within the framework of the hybrid quark-hadron model. Although six-quark cluster effects seem to be of the order of the data at q ≈ 1GeV/ c , impulse and pionic processes are dominant. Improved microscopic understanding of pion exchange currents is needed for further progress in using this reaction to study short-range phenomena. A second maximum is predicted for q 2 ≈ 50 fm −2 .
Costs and benefits of monogamy and polygyny for Yanomamö women

The Yanomamo Indians of Venezuela occupy drainages south of the upper Orinoco River where they are involved in a moderate level of polygynous relationships. The author analyzed some of the economic costs and benefits of monogamy and polygyny for Yanomamo women. The analysis focuses upon the economic factors which potentially differentiate polygynous and monogamous households in terms of garden size labor time of husbands and wives and the flow of food resources to households. The only statistically significant factor which differentiates monogamous households from polygynous households is that the latter receive more food resources from other households than the former. It may be that polygynous women avoid the potential costs of polygyny because they are economically subsidized by other households in the village because of the high social status of their husbands.
Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (II): Second line induction chemotherapy in advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma

Twenty-one evaluable patients received second-line chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian adenocarcinoma with induction Cisplatin given weekly followed by monthly combination chemotherapy. Forty-two percent of the patients responded to induction weekly Cisplatin. Of the responders, 77% are alive as compared to only 8% of the nonresponders. Maintenance of the responses by monthly combination chemotherapy remains a significant problem. Moreover, 83% and 70% of patients who received weekly Cisplatin as first- and third-line induction chemotherapy, respectively, had objective responses. Of the total 43 patients who received weekly Cisplatin as first-, second-, or third-line chemotherapy, 60% responded, including complete clinical responses in 14% and partial responses in 46%.
Patterns of utilization of computer workstations in a filmless environment and implications for current and future picture archiving and communication systems.

A workstation monitoring program can be implemented, which automatically creates a log of workstation utilization that can be exported for analysis on a conventional spreadsheet or database analysis program. This methodology has several drawbacks as described, which make it a relatively crude tool in the prediction of peak and average network traffic and optimal workstation deployment. A large-scale PACS should include system administration tools that permit the creation of a utilization log and subsequent analysis of all image and database accesses for each workstation. This tool should not result in measurable degradation of system performance and should be run on an ongoing basis. Such an administrative tool could provide critical information to vendors for system design, to customers for system planning, and to users for system optimization and maintenance.
Continuous infusion 5‐fluorouracil with escalating doses of intermittent cisplatin and etoposide. A phase I study

Continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (CI 5-FU) and the combination of cisplatin (CDDP) plus etoposide (VP-16) have emerged as salvage regimens for metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC). In this study, 18 patients (15 with MBC) were entered into a Phase I study to determine the maximum intermittent doses of CDDP and VP-16 that could be added to 200 mg/m2/d CI 5-FU. The maximum tolerated dose of the combination was 40 mg/m2 of CDDP and 60 mg/m2 of VP-16 weekly for the first 8 weeks and every other week thereafter. The dose-limiting toxicities of the regimen were myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia. Two complete responses (both patients had received no previous chemotherapy) and one partial response were noticed. This regimen at the doses described here is appropriate for Phase II trials as an alternative to doxorubicin-based regimens for MBC.