cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of depression in pregnant women with low‐normal serum Vitamin B12

High prevalence rates of both Vitamin B12 insufficiency and depressive symptoms exist in pregnant women. Although the association between depressive symptoms and certain nutrient deficiencies like iron, folate, or Vitamin B12 has been established, the specific relationship between low-normal serum Vitamin B12 levels and depressive symptoms in pregnant women in the United States has not been studied closely. Using 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, a secondary analysis was conducted to examine the association between low-normal serum Vitamin B12 level and depression, as measured by a score of 10 or higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, in pregnant women (N = 174). In bivariate regression models, Vitamin B12 level, experiencing poverty, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were significant predictors of depression. In multivariate logistic regression models, pregnant women with low-normal serum Vitamin B12 levels (OR = 3.82, 95% CI [1.10-13.31], p < 0.04) were 3.82 times more likely to experience depression, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, pre-pregnancy BMI, and the biomarkers hemoglobin and folate. Identifying and treating pregnant women with low-normal Vitamin B12 levels may enhance prenatal depression management.
S eok , Bongrae, Embodied Moral Psychology and Confucian Philosophy

How can Confucian philosophy provide a useful path toward understanding the basic processes of human moral psychology? This is the question that SEOK Bongrae’s new book Embodied Moral Psychology and Confucian Philosophy strives to answer. To the uninitiated, Confucian philosophy will be an unlikely resource, even an anachronism with respect to current issues in philosophy, especially with regard to issues in cognitive science and the philosophy of mind. However, a revival of Confucian ideas is taking place, with articles, conferences, monographs, and edited volumes devoted to its relevance to a variety of areas of current philosophy, both analytic and continental. Seok’s book is a fine example from this trend. Trained in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science at the University of Arizona, Seok has turned to the Confucian tradition for insights that can extend our understanding of how the human mind makes moral decisions. Seok divides his book into two parts. The first is a background on embodied cognition and how Confucian philosophy is a natural candidate for explorations of embodiment. The second explores and elucidates particular aspects of Confucian moral psychology and then brings them into dialogue with current debates in moral psychology, specifically, with regard to the character/situationist debate. In the five chapters of these two sections, Seok makes a convincing case for the importance of what he calls situated Confucian virtue. Seok’s problematic lies in the question of how understanding moral psychology from the perspective of embodiment can further our understanding of moral values, virtues, duties, and actions. He is exploring, he says, “the possibility that moral perception, reasoning, decision making, and action are served by embodied processes” (48). So he begins the book with a lucid introduction to several perspectives on embodiment, with explanations of situated cognition, embedded cognition, grounded cognition, enactive cognition, and, finally, adaptive cognition, which he adopts as his own approach. This approach, he says, “focuses on interactive and adaptive relations Dao DOI 10.1007/s11712-014-9411-0
Preparation and spectroscopic characterization of polarons and bipolarons of thiophene oligomers within the channels of pentasil zeolites : the evolution of organic radical ions into conducting polymers

Pentasil zeolites such as ZSM-5 and Na-β can be used as supporting matrices in which short-chain oligomers of polythiophene can be prepared, oxidatively doped to the conducting state, stabilized, and finally spectroscopically characterized. For the first time the evolution of the electronic structure of doped polythiophene from monomer to polymer has been observed directly for chain lengths between two and nine. Plots of the electronic absorption band energies for the polaron and bipolaron are found to be linear functions of inverse chain length. These results are extrapolated to infinite chain length to predict the positions of heretofore unobserved electronic transitions of bulk polythiophene. These extrapolations suggest that the lowest energy polaron and bipolaron levels of doped polythiophene are remarkably close in energy, implying that transient formation of polarons from bipolarons in energetically feasible and that this process could play a role in interchain charge hopping in this material.
Pharmacokinetics of Drug Delivery Past the Blood–Brain Barrier

Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex anatomic and physiologic structure made up of associated structures known as the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU protects the sensitive central nervous system (CNS) from molecules with potential toxic or unwanted neurologic effects. These protective mechanisms have prevented introduction of therapeutic drugs for treatment of diseases of the CNS; however, extensive study of the BBB has identified a wide variety of opportunities to exploit it in future drug development. Efforts to accurately measure the ability of medications to cross the NVU into positions of therapeutic benefit are varied and are, in many ways, complementary. Certain drug modifications opened the door to enhanced therapeutics, but also to unexpected CNS toxicities and unanticipated concentrations and toxicities in systemic organ systems. Osmotic BBB disruption with intra-arterial mannitol has been well characterized and clinically applied for years as a successful method for delivery of CNS therapeutics across the NVU. Preclinical analysis, clinical applications of drug delivery and safety, and therapeutic benefit with minimal toxicities have evolved over the years thanks to preclinical and translational studies of the effects of BBB disruption. Future developments will shed light on opportunities for targeted drug delivery using known pathways through the NVU, with continued emphasis on specificity, safety, and therapeutic benefit.
“My greatest challenge happens to be my greatest success”: Overcoming barriers during an early preservice teacher practicum with a high percentage of dual language learners:

This qualitative study investigated preservice teachers’ experiences working with dual language learners within an early university-based practicum with young children. Our data were multiple refle...
Toward noninvasive pressue estimation using ultrasound and phase-change contrast agents

It is well known now that a phase-change contrast agent (PCCA) can be activated from a liquid (nanodroplet) state using pulsed ultrasound (US) energy to form a larger highly echogenic microbubble (MB). Since nanodroplet activation is highly dependent on the hydrostatic pressure exerted on it, any increases in this stabilizing force demands higher US energies to induce phase transition. Herein we explore this basic relationship as a potential direction for noninvasive pressure measurement and foundation of a new technology we are developing termed tumor interstitial pressure estimation using US (TIPE-US). TIPE-US was developed using a programmable US research scanner (Vantage 256, Verasonics Inc). A custom scan sequence was implemented and interleaved pulsed US transmissions for both PCCA activation and subsequent MB detection. An automated US pressure sweep is performed (peak negative pressures from 3 to 6 MPa, N = 200 discrete intervals), and US images are acquired at each increment. PCCAs were formulated in house using the popular condensation method. Pressurized samples were then studied using the TIPE-US system. The activation threshold required to convert PCCA from the liquid to gaseous state was recorded for various PCCA conditions. Overall, PCCA activation threshold was lowered with increasing sample temperature while PCCA concentration appeared to play no role.
Role of deep breaths in ultrasonic vocal production of Sprague-Dawley rats

Deep breaths are one of three breathing patterns in rodents characterized by an increased tidal volume. While humans incorporate deep breaths into vocal behavior, it was unknown whether nonhuman mammals use deep breaths for vocal production. We have utilized subglottal pressure recordings in awake, spontaneously behaving male Sprague-Dawley rats in five contexts: sleep, rest, noxious stimulation, exposure to a female in estrus, and exposure to an unknown male. Deep breaths were produced at rates ranging between 17.5 and 90.3 deep breaths per hour. While overall breathing and vocal rates were higher in social and noxious contexts, the rate of deep breaths was only increased during the male's interaction with a female. Results also inform our understanding of vocal-respiratory integration in rats. The rate of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization during the exhalation phase increased with vocal activity. The proportion of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization (on average 22%) was similar to the proportion of sniffing or eupnea breaths that contain a vocalization. Therefore, vocal motor patterns appear to be entrained to the prevailing breathing rhythm, i.e., vocalization uses the available breathing pattern rather than recruiting a specific breathing pattern. Furthermore, the pattern of a deep breath was different when it was associated with a vocalization, suggesting that motor planning occurs. Finally, deep breaths are a source for acoustic variation; for example, call duration and fundamental frequency modulation were both larger in 22-kHz calls produced following a deep inhalation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The emission of a long, deep, audible breath can express various emotions. The investigation of deep breaths, also known as sighing, in a nonhuman mammal demonstrated the occasional use of deep breaths for vocal production. Similar to the human equivalent, acoustic features of a deep breath vocalization are characteristic.
Successful Model for Guideline Implementation to Prevent Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in the Ambulatory Cancer Clinic

PURPOSE:Guidelines recommend venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment in outpatients with cancer and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in selected patients at high risk for VTE. Although validat...
Drainage Area, Bedrock Fracture Spacing, and Weathering Controls on Landscape-Scale Patterns in Surface Sediment Grain Size

Sediment grain size affects river function at the reach and landscape scale; yet, models of grain size delivery to river networks remain unconstrained due to a scarcity of field data. We analyze ho...
Healing the Hearts of Bereaved Parents: Impact of Legacy Artwork on Grief in Pediatric Oncology

Abstract Context Approximately 12% of children with cancer will not survive, representing a devastating loss for parents. Strategies to improve parental coping and grief have been understudied. Although legacy-making is frequently offered as standard care to children with terminal illness and their families, these interventions have received little empirical attention. Objectives This study qualitatively explores the legacy-making and grief experiences of bereaved parents who participated in legacy artwork with their child before his or her death from cancer. Methods Twelve bereaved parents and 12 healthcare providers participated in individual semistructured interviews guided by the Dual Process Model of Grief and Continuing Bonds theory. Qualitative data were analyzed via conventional content analysis. Results Five themes emerged. Legacy artwork allows for family bonding and opens communication regarding the child's impending death; provides opportunities for parents to engage in life review and meaning-making; is often displayed in the parents' home after the child's death, and parents take comfort in using these projects to continue their bond with their deceased child; can ameliorate parents' grief after their child's death; and may reduce healthcare providers' compassion fatigue and provide them an outlet for coping with their patients' deaths. Conclusion Participating in legacy artwork may result in self-reported positive outcomes for bereaved parents before and after their child's death, including family bonding, enhanced communication, meaning-making, and improvements in grief. As a result of these benefits, children's hospitals may consider offering legacy artwork for children with cancer and their families.
The Final Ecosystem Goods & Services (FEGS) Approach: A Beneficiary-Centric Method to Support Ecosystem-Based Management

Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and other social-ecological environmental management frameworks recognize that most environmental problems are ultimately social problems, requiring the reconciliation of human needs with the limits of ecosystem productivity and resilience. Using a social-ecological perspective in management practice can be greatly facilitated by identifying the attributes of ecosystems that are directly used, enjoyed, or appreciated by people connected to the environmental issue at hand. These are the final ecosystem goods and services (FEGS), which are specific to ecosystem types and how people use or appreciate ecological attributes of those ecosystems. This article: (1) reviews the conceptual basis of a FEGS approach for linking people’s well-being to ecosystems; (2) describes how FEGS are identified, organized, and measured using classification systems, and metrics and indicators; and (3) presents examples of how the FEGS approach can be integrated into EBM and other decision-making frameworks.
γ-secretase promotes postsynaptic maturation through the cleavage of a Wnt receptor

An emerging feature of neurodegenerative disease is synaptic dysfunction and loss, leading to the suggestion that mechanisms required for synaptic maturation may be linked to disease. Synaptic maturation requires the transmission of signals between nascent synaptic sites and the nucleus, but how these signals are generated is not well understood. We posit that proteolytic cleavage of receptors, which enables their translocation to the nucleus, may be a shared molecular mechanism between the events that promote synaptic maturation and those linked to later-onset disorders of the nervous system, including neurodegenerative disease. Here we show during synaptic development, that cleavage of synaptic maturation molecules requires {gamma}-secretase, a protein complex linked to Alzheimer's Disease, a devastating neurodegenerative condition, is required for postsynaptic maturation. In the absence of {gamma}-secretase, Drosophila neuromuscular synapses fail to appropriately recruit postsynaptic scaffolding and cytoskeletal proteins, and mutant larvae display behavioral deficits. At the NMJ, {gamma}-secretase promotes synaptic maturation through the cleavage of the Wnt receptor Fz2, and the subsequent entry of its C-terminus into the nucleus. A developmental synaptic role for {gamma}-secretase is also conserved in both the Drosophila central nervous system and mammalian cortical neuron dendrites. Finally, we found that similar maturation defects are evident in fly models for ALS, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's Diseases. The previously unknown, but conserved, role for {gamma}-secretase coupled with its well-known role in neurodegenerative disease suggest that neurodevelopmental defects may be common to diverse neurodegenerative disease models.
Some new Gompertz fractional difference equations

We introduce three new fractional Gompertz difference equations using the Riemann–Liouville discrete fractional calculus. These three models are based a nonfractional Gompertz difference equation, and they differ depending on whether a fractional operator replaces the difference operator, the integral operator defining the logarithm, or both simultaneously. An explicit solution to one of them is achieved with restricted parameters and recurrence relation solutions are derived for all three. Finally, we fit these models to data to compare them with a previously published discrete fractional Gompertz model and the continuous model.
Role of Macrophages in the Endocrine System

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that play myriad roles in the body. Macrophages are known to reside in endocrine glands, and a body of evidence now suggests that these cells interact closely with endocrine cells. Immune–endocrine interactions are important in the development of endocrine glands and their functioning during physiological states, and also become key players in pathophysiological states. Through gene expression profiling, diverse subpopulations of tissue macrophages have been discovered within endocrine organs; this has important implications for disease pathogenesis and potential pharmacotherapy. The molecular basis for the crosstalk between macrophages and endocrine cells is being unraveled, and allows the identification of multiple points for pharmacologic intervention. Macrophages in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets are key players in the process of metaflammation (metabolic inflammation) that underlies the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the ovary, they play important roles in ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation, whereas in the male reproductive tract they regulate spermatogenesis through the regulation of steroidogenesis by Leydig cells. We summarize the diverse roles played by macrophages in the endocrine system and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy in endocrine disorders.
CEO Pay Components and Aggressive Non-GAAP Earnings Disclosure:

We examine the relation between CEO pay components and aggressive non-GAAP earnings disclosures using CEO pay components as proxies for managers’ short- versus long-term focus. Specifically, we exp...
Storm surge and ponding explain mangrove dieback in southwest Florida following Hurricane Irma.

Mangroves buffer inland ecosystems from hurricane winds and storm surge. However, their ability to withstand harsh cyclone conditions depends on plant resilience traits and geomorphology. Using airborne lidar and satellite imagery collected before and after Hurricane Irma, we estimated that 62% of mangroves in southwest Florida suffered canopy damage, with largest impacts in tall forests (>10 m). Mangroves on well-drained sites (83%) resprouted new leaves within one year after the storm. By contrast, in poorly-drained inland sites, we detected one of the largest mangrove diebacks on record (10,760 ha), triggered by Irma. We found evidence that the combination of low elevation (median = 9.4 cm asl), storm surge water levels (>1.4 m above the ground surface), and hydrologic isolation drove coastal forest vulnerability and were independent of tree height or wind exposure. Our results indicated that storm surge and ponding caused dieback, not wind. Tidal restoration and hydrologic management in these vulnerable, low-lying coastal areas can reduce mangrove mortality and improve resilience to future cyclones. Mangroves are adapted to cope with tropical storms, but might be threatened by rising frequency and intensity of these events. Here the authors document one of the largest mangrove diebacks on record following Hurricane Irma in Florida, and show a greater role of storm surge and ponding rather than wind as a mechanism for mangrove dieback.
Initial Institutional Experience with 18F-Fluciclovine PET-CT in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer.

OBJECTIVES 18F-fluciclovine (fluciclovine) is an amino acid analog approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as a radiotracer in positron emission tomography (PET) in men with biochemical recurrence of suspected prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial institutional experience with 18F-fluciclovine in the evaluation of prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence. METHODS This study was a retrospective review of 135 patients who underwent 18F-fluciclovine PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) at a single institution from August 2018 through January 2020. Prognostic information, including prostate-specific level antigen (PSA) at the time of diagnosis, initial risk, initial Gleason score, and initial stage, was reviewed as well as the PSA level at the time of the scan. The images were reviewed by two radiologists with fellowship training in nuclear medicine and additional training to interpret the fluciclovine studies. A minority of studies were reviewed by a third fellowship-trained radiologist under the guidance of the two nuclear medicine-trained radiologists. In cases with abnormal radiopharmaceutical uptake in lymph nodes, the short-axis dimension of the lymph node or largest lymph node with abnormal uptake was noted. If CT or bone scan was performed within 4 months of the 18F-fluciclovine PET-CT, findings on the alternate imaging were compared with the results of the 18F-fluciclovine PET-CT. RESULTS Our institutional positivity rate was 75.6%, with 64 (67.4%) patients with metastatic disease and 71 (52.6%) patients with local recurrence detected by fluciclovine. As expected, the rate of positive examinations increased with increasing PSA values measured at the time of imaging (P < 0.001). Of the 54 patients with nodal disease, 35 had nonpathologically enlarged lymph nodes measuring <1 cm in maximum short-axis dimension. In more than half of the patients in this study, with conventional imaging, fluciclovine either discovered otherwise undetectable metastatic disease or suggested the presence of local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our single-institution experience with 18F-fluciclovine PET-CT has the largest number of patients to date in the literature and demonstrates the ability of fluciclovine to help guide clinical management in the detection of early recurrent disease.
Use of Complementary and Integrative Health Therapies Prior to Intensive Functional Restoration in Active Duty Service Members with Chronic Pain.

Objective Psychosocial factors are known to predict chronic pain, and the use of complementary and integrative health (CIH) therapies to address pain is emerging among military population. However, conflicting results on pain outcomes warrant additional research. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the benefit of adding a CIH pain management program to standard rehabilitative care (SRC), as compared to SRC alone, as precursor to an intensive functional restoration (FR) program; (2) identify factors that predict improvement in pain outcomes following treatment; and (3) determine the proportion of participants who experience clinically meaningful response. Design Pragmatic randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomized to a 3-week course of either SRC alone or SRC+CIH (stage 1), followed by a 3- to 6-week course of FR (stage 2). Setting and subjects Active duty service members with chronic pain. Methods Participants completed either SRC alone or SRC+CIH (stage 1), followed by a course of FR (stage 2). Patient-reported and provider-determined outcomes were collected at baseline, after stage 1, and after stage 2. A covariance pattern model with unstructured residual covariance matrix was used to compare treatment arms while accounting for dependency due to repeated measurements. Results A total of 210 service members participated. Most were Army (82%) and male (84%). Participants randomized to the SRC+CIH intervention had greater improvement in the pain impact score than those in the SRC alone group. Predictors of outcomes were baseline impact score, anger, depression, and educational status. Conclusions This study found that military service members with the highest pain impact benefit the most from interdisciplinary pain care.
Setting a Privacy and Security Comfort Zone in the Internet of Things

This paper seeks to raise awareness of the potential benefits and detriments resulting from sensor intrusion in the Internet of Things (IoT). The conclusion of this paper is that the IoT has been rendered inevitable as the result of a confluence of historical trends, but that we can make choices regarding its fundamental architecture that can tip the balance of harm and benefit more toward individual or institutional rights and obligations. Once the choices are “baked in” they will be more difficult to alter in future IoT iterations. It is hoped that collective attention to the issues raised in this paper will help to guide these decisions so that the IoT systems we build will result in fewer surprises.
Carcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon

This chapter focuses on the carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Cancers of the sigmoid colon are common than those of the upper colon, increase in frequency with advancing age, and appear slightly more often in men than in women. They occur in Los Angeles County and other regions with roughly equal frequency. Sigmoid cancers, in contrast to those of the upper colon, are only slightly more common among whites and African-Americans than among others, and slightly less common among those of the lowest social class. They have occurred with constant incidence over the period, both in the county as a whole and among the residents of high-risk census tracts. The pattern of occurrence of this malignancy is intermediate between that of the upper colon and that of carcinoma of the rectum. This is evident in the relative occurrence by sex, social class, racial/ethnic group, and by the absence of any systematic geographical distribution.
Algorithms for the Character Theory of the Symmetric Group

Description of a comprehensive package of routines for the character theory of the symmetric groups Sn have been presented. The efficiency of these algorithms derives from the reduction of the expansions of plethysms and Kronecker products to multiplication of Schur functions. This in turn is done with minimal computational effort by making use of an algorithmic modification of the LR rule due to Remmel and Whitney.
Cognitive development: changing views of cognitive change.

UNLABELLED The aim of research in cognitive development is to understand the origins of human knowledge and to provide an account of cognitive change. Theorizing regarding these issues is rooted in the nativist-empiricist debate. This article traces changing views in that debate, from the beginnings of psychology, through the cognitive revolution, Piaget, and alternatives to Piaget, including nativism, Vygotskyan theory, and information-processing work. The last section presents current theorizing and outlines various modern versions of nativism, constructivism, and empiricism. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:479-491. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1245 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The author has declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Marine Spatial Planning 2.0: genes and satellites to conserve seascape dynamics

MARTIN MENDEZ*, FRANCINE KERSHAW, STEPHEN PALUMBI, MALIN PINSKY, CARLETON RAY, HOWARD ROSENBAUM and AJIT SUBRAMANIAM Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, CA, USA Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, NY, USA
Teaching Energy Balance using Round Numbers: A Quantitative Approach to the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

The idea of energy balance used to explain the greenhouse effect and global warming is often confusing for students, primarily because the standard quantitative analysis uses many constants and units. A “round” unit method is presented, which maintains the quantitative aspects of the standard analysis, but is much more intuitive for students.
The frontier beyond Neptune

The reductionist approach to explaining biological phenomena has displayed its power through the spectacular triumphs of molecular biology. But the approach has its limitations, as discussed at a meeting last month. It is not likely to be useful, or practicable, to explain many biological processes in terms of particle physics. Moreover, exploration of other levels, such as molecules, genes, cells, organisms and populations, may well be more appropriate for an adequate explanation — begging the question, of course, of what constitutes an ‘adequate’ explanation. Paul Nurse The ends of understanding Nature 387, 657 (1997) THE SOLAR SYSTEM An icy object, about 500 km across, has been discovered in a huge, elongated orbit beyond Neptune. It may be a member of a new part of the Solar System, a so-called ‘scattered disk’ of comets produced by the gravitational effects of the young Uranus and Neptune, whose existence has only just now been predicted by theory.
Clinical Evaluation of the Uni-Yeast-Tek System for Rapid Presumptive Identification of Medically Important Yeasts

The results of over 400 tests for identification of clinical yeast isolates as to species using the Uni-Yeast-Tek (UYT) system in comparison with a more conventional system are reported. The conventional system utilized a total of 23 individual tests, including both fermentation and assimilation tests, whereas the UYT system included only 11 separate tests. In the initial phase of the study, coded unknown isolates were evaluated by each of two technologists using both methods independently. After this initial evaluation, the two methods were used in parallel for routine testing of yeast isolates as they were obtained from clinical specimens. A further evaluation of the UYT system was carried out by retrospectively analyzing the species reported from a clinical mycology laboratory during two separate time periods in which different approaches to yeast identification were employed. A total of 92% of the isolates tested with the UYT system were correctly reported within 72 h, 96% were correctly named after 1 week of incubation, and 97% were correctly reported after 2 weeks of incubation of UYT plates at 30°C when results of the two phases of the study were analyzed together. With the conventional system, 88% of the isolates were correctly reported at 72 h, 96% at 1 week, and 98% after 2 weeks of incubation of biochemical tests. Retrospective analysis of laboratory records revealed no major changes in species reported after adoption of the UYT system for routine testing of clinical isolates. The data presented in this report suggest that the UYT system can be expected to yield rapid presumptive identification of clinical yeast isolates with reasonable confidence when certain minor limitations that are discussed in the text are taken into account.
Virtualize storage, not disks

When one uses virtual machines for application compatibility, such as running Windows programs on Linux, the user only wants the API components, yet must emulate a disk drive and execute a second, counterproductive level of media heuristics and I/O scheduling. Systems should have a clean interface between API implementation and media optimization, which would lead to more efficient paravirtualization and facilitate rapid, independent evolution of media optimizations and API features. We describe a design that meets these goals, called Zoochory.
Abnormal Motor Function Persists Following Recovery from Perinatal Copper Deficiency in Rats

What are the biochemical and behavioral consequences of perinatal copper deficiency? Pregnant Holtzman rats were fed a modified AIN-76A diet low in copper (0.34 mg Cu/kg and 42 mg Fe/kg) starting on gestation d 7. Seven rats received copper in their drinking water (20 mg Cu/L) (+Cu) and 7 drank deionized water (-Cu). Treatments did not affect litter size or pregnancy outcome. Compared with +Cu dams and a sample of +Cu male weanling [postnatal day (P)21] offspring, -Cu rats exhibited signs consistent with copper deficiency. P21 males were switched to a nonpurified copper-adequate diet and sampled biochemically after 3 mo and behaviorally after 3 and 6 mo of repletion (CuR). Compared with controls, CuR rats had lower brain copper and iron levels 3 and 6 mo after repletion; other biochemical differences were not detected. Behavioral assessments after 5 mo of repletion indicated a persistent impairment in motor function of CuR compared with control rats as evaluated by the accelerating rotorod procedure. These results suggest that permanent impairment to motor function can persist after long-term recovery from perinatal copper deficiency.
Characterization of the recombinant succinic semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The yeast succinic semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (SSADH; EC 1.2.1.16) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Based on SDS–PAGE, the molecular mass of the subunit was around 54 kDa, and the purified recombinant enzyme had a tetrameric molecular mass of ca. 200 kDa. The specific activity of the recombinant enzyme was 1.90 µm NADH formed/min/mg, and showed maximal activity at pH 8.4. The recombinant protein was highly specific for succinate semi-aldehyde (Km = 15.48 ± 0.14 µm) and could use both NAD+ and NADP+ as co-factors, with Km values of 579.06 ± 30.1 µm and 1.017 ± 0.46 mm, respectively. Initial velocity studies showed that NADH was a competitive inhibitor with respect to NAD+ (Ki = 129.5 µm) but a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to succinate semi-aldehyde. Adenine nucleotides of AMP, ADP and ATP inhibited yeast SSADH activity with Ki = 1.13–10.2 mm, and showed competitive inhibition with respect to NAD+ and mixed-competitive, non-competitive and non-competitive inhibition, respectively, with respect to succinate semi-aldehyde. The kinetic data suggest a 'ping-pong' mechanism. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocatalytic Destruction of Chlorinated Solvents in Water With Solar Energy

Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory are developing a photocatalytic process to destroy organic contaminants in water. Tests with common water pollutants have been conducted at Sandia's Solar Thermal Facility using a near commercial scale, single-axis tracking parabolic trough system with a glass pipe reactor mounted at its focus. Experiments at this scale provide verification of laboratory studies and allow examination of design and operation issues at a real-lifescale. The catalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO[sub 2]), is a harmless material found in paint, cosmetics, and toothpaste. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of key process parameters on destruction rates of chlorinated organic compounds that are common water pollutants. This paper summarizes the engineering-scale results of these experiments and analyses.
Self-Reported Reasons for Divorce and Correlates of Psychological Well-Being Among Divorced Korean Immigrant Women

Abstract This study examines self-reported reasons for divorce and correlates of the psychological well-being of divorced Korean immigrant women. Face-to-face interviews with the 73 divorced subjects reveal a substantially different pattern of self-reported reasons for divorce from that of non-Korean, mostly white, divorced women. The majority of Korean immigrant women in the study cite their ex-husbands' concrete abusive/negative behaviors and financial problems as their reasons for divorce, while non-Korean American women have tended to report abstract and affective reasons. Patterns of reasons for divorce reported by women in the study seem to be related to their difficult post-divorce experiences. Results from a multiple regression analysis reveal two predictors of the psychological well-being of divorced women: self-reported health status and self-reported reason for divorce. Implications for culturally competent practice are discussed.
The Chediak‐Higashi syndrome: Microtubules in lmonocytes and lymphocytes

Recent investigations of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) leukocytes have suggested that defective cell function and formation of giant granules may be due to an inability of the cells to assemble microtubules because of an abnormality in synthesis of cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the present study we have examined normal and CHS lymphocytes and monocytes for the presence and frequency of centriole-associated microtubules. No statistically significant differences between the mean numbers of centriole associated microtubules in normal and CHS mononuclear cells could be detected. Results of the study fail to support the hypothesis that microtubule assembly is a fundamental defect in all CHS leukocytes.
Stretch-Induced Changes in Atrial Ca Signaling

Atrial myocytes undergo stretch during diastole as do ventricular myocytes. We have identified a novel mechanism that links cellular stretch in ventricular myocytes to the tuning of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)(Prosser et al. Science 2011;333:1440-5). This mechanism, “X-ROS signaling”, depends on NOX2 (NADPH oxidase) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which appears to oxidize ryanodine receptors (SR Ca2+ release channels) and increases their sensitivity to [Ca2+]i. Stretch mediates X-ROS signaling through microtubules, which appear to interact with NOX2 to enable it to generate ROS.We evaluated X-ROS signaling in murine atrial myocytes (C57/B6). Ca2+ sparks were recorded before and after stretch (10-20% of cell length). Ca2+ spark frequency increased during stretch and returned to pre-stretch values during relaxation. Interestingly, microtubule density was higher and protein expression levels were increased in murine atria compared to ventricles (Fig 1 A). Similarly, protein expression levels of the catalytic NOX2 subunit gp91phox were higher in atria compared to ventricles (Fig 1 A). Inhibition of gp91phox with the inhibitory peptide gp91ds-tat prevented stretch-induced Ca2+ spark increases in atrial myocytes (Fig 1 B). Thus, X-ROS signaling is also operative in atrial myocytes.
Mammalian E-type Cyclins Control Chromosome Pairing, Telomere Stability and CDK2 Localization in Male Meiosis

Loss of function of cyclin E1 or E2, important regulators of the mitotic cell cycle, yields viable mice, but E2-deficient males display reduced fertility. To elucidate the role of E-type cyclins during spermatogenesis, we characterized their expression patterns and produced additional deletions of Ccne1 and Ccne2 alleles in the germline, revealing unexpected meiotic functions. While Ccne2 mRNA and protein are abundantly expressed in spermatocytes, Ccne1 mRNA is present but its protein is detected only at low levels. However, abundant levels of cyclin E1 protein are detected in spermatocytes deficient in cyclin E2 protein. Additional depletion of E-type cyclins in the germline resulted in increasingly enhanced spermatogenic abnormalities and corresponding decreased fertility and loss of germ cells by apoptosis. Profound meiotic defects were observed in spermatocytes, including abnormal pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes, heterologous chromosome associations, unrepaired double-strand DNA breaks, disruptions in telomeric structure and defects in cyclin-dependent-kinase 2 localization. These results highlight a new role for E-type cyclins as important regulators of male meiosis.
PM10 Ozone, and Hospital Admissions for the Elderly in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota

Several recent studies have reported associations between airborne particles and/or ozone and hospital admissions for respiratory disease. PM10 has rarely been used as the particle exposure measure, however. This study examined whether such an association could be seen in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, which has daily monitoring data for PM10. Data on hospital admissions in persons aged 65 y and older were obtained from Medicare records for the years 1986 through 1989. Daily counts of admissions, by admit date, were computed for pneumonia (ICD9 480-487) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (ICD9 490-496). Classification was by discharge diagnosis. Daily air pollution data from all monitoring stations for ozone and PM10 in Minneapolis-St. Paul were obtained, and the daily average for each pollutant was computed. An average of approximately six pneumonia admissions and two admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease occurred each day. Poisson regression analysis was used to control for time trends, seasonal fluctuations, and weather. PM10 was a risk factor for pneumonia admissions (relative risk [RR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33-1.02) and COPD admissions (RR = 1.57, 95% CI = 2.06-1.20). Ozone was also associated with pneumonia admissions (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.36-0.97). The relative risks are for an increase of 100 micrograms/m3 in daily PM10 and 50 ppb in daily ozone concentration. Several alternative methods for controlling for seasonal patterns and weather were used, including nonparametric regression techniques. The results were not sensitive to the methods. When days exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for either pollutant were excluded, the association remained for both pneumonia (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.34-1.03 for PM10, and RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.41-0.99 for ozone) and COPD (RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 2.06-1.16 for PM10).
DAIRYING IN NICARAGUA

ABSTRACT Modern development of the Nicaraguan dairy industry is divided into two periods: 1943–1953, and 1953–1967. Nicaragua's first pasteurizing plant, constructed in Managua in 1943, marks the beginning of modernization, but before 1953 a fluctuating, limited output of low quality milk served Nicaragua's capital from a milkshed restricted by the primitive transport network. The remainder of Nicaragua was supplied by milk locally produced. “Dairy farming,'’which was combined with a second agricultural activity, could be more aptly described as ranching with a dairy adjunct. Climatic and ecological handicaps were rarely offset by good farm management, hence yields per cow and per farm were low and variable. After 1953, when Managua's second pasteurizing plant was completed, a sharp rise in production and consumption of higher quality milk correlated positively with Nicaragua's economic growth and increasing urbanization. An expanding milkshed was permitted by improved cooling and transport facilities. Ne...
Religious experiences, transformative paths and religious goals

Though McNamara indicates that his focus is mainly on theistic forms of religious experience common in the West, it is important to consider how his broadly stated thesis might be affected by data from traditions other than those that are the focus of his book. Although he is right to call our attention to the processes through which religious traditions promote and religious practitioners cultivate experiential states, his approach is limited by his non-attributional conceptualization of religious experience as the culmination of one path toward one goal. A more nuanced approach would require attending more closely to: (1) the diversity of ‘experiences’ that religious traditions set apart as being of particular importance; (2) the diversity of practices that are prescribed as being efficacious towards the attainment of those experiences; and (3) the dynamic relationship between individual practitioners and authorities of a religious tradition, wherein questions of authenticity arise and experiences are d...
Two Ising models coupled to two-dimensional gravity

Abstract To investigate the properties of c = 1 matter coupled to 2d-gravity we have performed large-scale simulations ot two copies of the Ising model on a dynamical lattice. We measure spin susceptibility and percolation critical exponents using finite-size scaling. We show explicity how algorithmic corrections are needed for a proper comparison with theoretical exponents. We also exhibit correlations, mediated by gravity, between the energy and magnetic properties of the two Ising species. The prospects for extending this work beyond c = 1 are dressed.
IVOX with gradual permissive hypercapnia: a new management technique for respiratory failure.

Abstract IVOX (intravenous oxygenator and CO2 removal device) augments venous gas exchange in patients with severe respiratory failure. Controlled hypoventilation with permissive hypercapnia reduces airway pressures during mechanical ventilation and augments CO2 exchange through the IVOX. To quantify the additive effects of gradual permissive hypercapnia and IVOX on gas exchange and reduction of airway pressures, 13 adult sheep underwent tracheostomy and severe smoke inhalation injury. Seven were mechanically ventilated alone (control), and six had mechanical ventilation, systemic anticoagulation, and implantation of IVOX (size 7 with 0.21-m2 surface area) (IVOX group). Both groups were anesthetized and paralyzed for 24 hr. In the IVOX group, minute ventilation was decreased in a stepwise fashion to produce a gradual increase in PaCO2, from 30 to 95 mm Hg, over 12 hr, and then sustained for an additional 12 hr. Sodium bicarbonate was given intravenously as necessary to keep arterial pH above 7.25. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, or pulmonary artery pressure between the two groups. In the IVOX/permissive hypercapnia group, IVOX CO2 removal increased as a linear function of PaCO2 (y = 0.87x + 8.99, R2 = 0.80). IVOX CO2 removal was only 40 ml/min at normocapnia (40 mm Hg) but increased to 91 ml/min when PaCO2 was 95 mm Hg. Both peak inspiratory pressure and minute ventilation of the IVOX/permissive hypercapnia group were significantly lower than the control group, 30 ± 4 mm Hg vs 51 ± 3 mm Hg and 3.9 ± 0.3 liters vs 8.4 ± 0.5 liters (P
ON THE IDENTITIES OF REPRESENTATIONS OF FINITE GROUPS OVER COMMUTATIVE RINGS

Let K be a commutative noetherian ring. It is proved that a representation of a finite group on a K-module of finite length or on a K-module of finite exponent has a finite basis for its identities. In particular, this implies an earlier result of Nguyen Hung Shon and the author stating that every representation of a finite group over a field is finitely based. The problem whether every representation of a finite group over a commutative noetherian ring is finitely based still remains open.
When epilepsy interferes with word comprehension: Findings in Landau-Kleffner syndrome

Landau-Kleffner syndrome is characterized by a regression in receptive language. The factors that affect the clinical expression of this syndrome remain unclear. This study presents neuroimaging findings in 2 patients showing different clinical evolutions. Linguistic regression persisted in 1 patient and evolved positively in the other. In patient A (with severe linguistic regression) there was an overlap between areas engaged during word recognition and those involved in generating the epileptiform activity; in patient B (with better linguistic evolution), receptive language was predominantly represented in the right hemisphere (unaffected). Patient A underwent multiple subpial transections. The 2-year follow-up indicated linguistic improvement, absence of epileptiform activity, and activation of the left temporal cortex during word comprehension. These results suggest that the resolution of the linguistic deficit in Landau-Kleffner syndrome may be modulated by the language-specific cortex freed from interfering epileptiform activity or by reorganization of the receptive language cortex triggered by the epileptic activity.