cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Priming and adaptation in native speakers and second-language learners

Native speakers show rapid adjustment of their processing strategies and preferences on the basis of the structures they have recently encountered. The present study investigated the nature of priming and adaptation in second-language (L2) speakers and, more specifically, whether similar mechanisms underlie L2 and native language adaptation. Native English speakers and Korean L2 learners of English completed a written priming study probing the use of double object and prepositional phrase datives. Both groups showed cumulative adaptation effects for both types of dative, which was stronger for the structure that was initially less frequent to them (prepositional phrase datives for the native English speakers, and double object datives for the L2 learners). This supports models of priming that incorporate frequency-based modulation of long-lasting activation of structures. L2 learners and native speakers use similar processing mechanisms; differences in adaptation can be accounted for by differences in the relative frequency of structures.
An error reduction algorithm to improve lidar turbulence estimates for wind energy

Abstract. Remote-sensing devices such as lidars are currently being investigated as alternatives to cup anemometers on meteorological towers for the measurement of wind speed and direction. Although lidars can measure mean wind speeds at heights spanning an entire turbine rotor disk and can be easily moved from one location to another, they measure different values of turbulence than an instrument on a tower. Current methods for improving lidar turbulence estimates include the use of analytical turbulence models and expensive scanning lidars. While these methods provide accurate results in a research setting, they cannot be easily applied to smaller, vertically profiling lidars in locations where high-resolution sonic anemometer data are not available. Thus, there is clearly a need for a turbulence error reduction model that is simpler and more easily applicable to lidars that are used in the wind energy industry. In this work, a new turbulence error reduction algorithm for lidars is described. The Lidar Turbulence Error Reduction Algorithm, L-TERRA, can be applied using only data from a stand-alone vertically profiling lidar and requires minimal training with meteorological tower data. The basis of L-TERRA is a series of physics-based corrections that are applied to the lidar data to mitigate errors from instrument noise, volume averaging, and variance contamination. These corrections are applied in conjunction with a trained machine-learning model to improve turbulence estimates from a vertically profiling WINDCUBE v2 lidar. The lessons learned from creating the L-TERRA model for a WINDCUBE v2 lidar can also be applied to other lidar devices. L-TERRA was tested on data from two sites in the Southern Plains region of the United States. The physics-based corrections in L-TERRA brought regression line slopes much closer to 1 at both sites and significantly reduced the sensitivity of lidar turbulence errors to atmospheric stability. The accuracy of machine-learning methods in L-TERRA was highly dependent on the input variables and training dataset used, suggesting that machine learning may not be the best technique for reducing lidar turbulence intensity (TI) error. Future work will include the use of a lidar simulator to better understand how different factors affect lidar turbulence error and to determine how these errors can be reduced using information from a stand-alone lidar.
Vitamin K-dependent protein S is similar to rat androgen-binding protein

Vitamin K-dependent protein S belongs to the family of clotting factors (e.g. Factors IX and X, and protein C). Unlike the other clotting factors, the C-terminal half (residues 250-634) of protein S is not a serine proteinase. In fact, the function of residues 250-634 of protein S is unknown. By using computer programs designed to detect evolutionary relationships between proteins, we find that this part of protein S is similar to rat androgen-binding protein, a protein produced and secreted by testicular Sertoli cells. The homology between protein S and androgen-binding protein suggests new approaches for elucidating their functions.
Origin of the foveal granular pattern in entoptic viewing.

PURPOSE To investigate the controversial origin of the foveal granular pattern at the center of the entoptic Purkinje vessel shadows. Both phenomena may be vividly elicited by oscillating a focused spot of light across the scleral surface of the eye in a circumferential direction. METHODS The site and pattern of oscillation of the light spot were varied and were correlated with the appearance of the foveal granular pattern. Movement of the granular pattern relative to a foveal afterimage was also observed. RESULTS Oscillation of the light in a meridional direction abolishes the granular pattern. Oscillating illumination through the central pupil can elicit Purkinje vessel shadows but not the characteristic foveal granular pattern. With transscleral illumination, the granular pattern oscillates with an "against" motion with respect to the motion of the Purkinje vessel shadows and with a "with" motion with respect to apparent motion of an afterimage serving as a fixed anatomic reference, and it is displaced from the center of the foveal avascular zone in the visual direction away from the source of illumination. CONCLUSIONS These observations strongly suggest that the foveal granular pattern is a random moire pattern produced by spatial aliasing as the striated light pattern cast by the parafoveal nerve fiber elements sweeps over the photoreceptors in the form of a faint, high-spatial-frequency, irregular grating. An anatomic section of the fovea reveals the necessary geometry for production of such striated patterns, and the Nyquist frequency for the foveal photoreceptor mosaic supports the spatial aliasing effect. Also, a grating moving over a stationary random dot background demonstrates the origin of the "against" motion that is characteristic of the foveal granular pattern.
Partial TrkB receptor activation suppresses cortical epileptogenesis through actions on parvalbumin interneurons

Post-traumatic epilepsy is one of the most common and difficult to treat forms of acquired epilepsy worldwide. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent post-traumatic epileptogenesis. It is known that abnormalities of interneurons, particularly parvalbumin-containing interneurons, play a critical role in epileptogenesis following traumatic brain injury. Thus, enhancing the function of existing parvalbumin interneurons might provide a logical therapeutic approach to prevention of post-traumatic epilepsy. The known positive effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on interneuronal growth and function through activation of its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B, and its decrease after traumatic brain injury, led us to hypothesize that enhancing trophic support might improve parvalbumin interneuronal function and decrease epileptogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we used the partial neocortical isolation ('undercut', UC) model of posttraumatic epileptogenesis in mature rats that were treated for 2 weeks, beginning on the day of injury, with LM22A-4, a newly designed partial agonist at the tropomyosin receptor kinase B. Effects of treatment were assessed with Western blots to measure pAKT/AKT; immunocytochemistry and whole cell patch clamp recordings to examine functional and structural properties of GABAergic interneurons; field potential recordings of epileptiform discharges in vitro; and video-EEG recordings of PTZ-induced seizures in vivo. Results showed that LM22A-4 treatment 1) increased pyramidal cell perisomatic immunoreactivity for VGAT, GAD65 and parvalbumin; 2) increased the density of close appositions of VGAT/gephyrin immunoreactive puncta (putative inhibitory synapses) on pyramidal cell somata; 3) increased the frequency of mIPSCs in pyramidal cells; and 4) decreased the incidence of spontaneous and evoked epileptiform discharges in vitro. 5) Treatment of rats with PTX BD4-3, another partial TrkB receptor agonist, reduced the incidence of bicuculline-induced ictal episodes in vitro and PTZ induced electrographic and behavioral ictal episodes in vivo. 6) Inactivation of TrkB receptors in undercut TrkBF616A mice with 1NMPP1 abolished both LM22A-4-induced effects on mIPSCs and on increased perisomatic VGAT-IR. Results indicate that chronic activation of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B by a partial agonist after cortical injury can enhance structural and functional measures of GABAergic inhibition and suppress posttraumatic epileptogenesis. Although the full agonist effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B activation in epilepsy models have been controversial, the present results indicate that such trophic activation by a partial agonist may potentially serve as an effective therapeutic option for prophylactic treatment of posttraumatic epileptogenesis, and treatment of other neurological and psychiatric disorders whose pathogenesis involves impaired parvalbumin interneuronal function.
Lower Public Concern for Biodiversity than for Wilderness, Natural Places, Charismatic Megafauna and/or Habitats.

ABSTRACTThe UN declared 2010 the “International Year of Biodiversity” (IYB). A survey was undertaken at the end of this year in the Washington D.C. metro area (n = 180). Thirty-eight point nine per...
Disorders of Megakaryocytes and Platelets

Abstract In this chapter megakaryocytic and platelet disorders are discussed, including megakaryocytic hypoplasia, megakaryocytosis, thrombocytopenia, gualitative disorders of platelets and megakaryocytes, disorders of platelet secretion and granule deficiencies, and acquired platelet disorders.
The Hegemonic Struggle and Domination in Black Greek-letter Fraternities.

Hazing in black Greek-letter fraternities (BGFs) on the cam­puses of colleges and universities has been attacked by BGF national offices as well as college and university administrators. Despite these efforts, the practice persists and shows few signs of subsiding. Prob­lems in studying hazing continue partly because scopes of inquiry are often limited to such a degree that the real practices which keep hazing alive are never engaged. One problem is that too little atten­tion is paid to the historical roots of the organizations' initiation rituals (Jones, 1997). While a reconstructed view of the historical and con­temporary importance of ritual is necessary, it is not the pull of ritual alone that mobilizes black men to endure and covet the punishment of hazing. A powerful and almost always overlooked companion to ritual, which serves to keep hazing alive, is narrative. Narrative is a coercive tool not only used in BGFs, but found in many other are­nas.
Approaches to the Good

In this chapter the discussion of the needs is continued but with the emphasis now on their moral aspects. First I will discuss the needs as motives, and then in the next two sections the mechanisms involved in type responsibility and moral confrontation. Then I will turn to the egoistic perspective, which is the basis of confrontation and its consequent moral equipment, and then I will end with the dispositions toward the good, in which all of this results.
Regional Planning, History of

Regional planning may be defined as the integrated management of the economic, social, and physical resources of a spatially bounded area. Regional plans and policies have been proposed and carried out since the beginnings of civilized settlement. In the modern era, regional plans have been promulgated for sub-national, multi-jurisdictional areas such as metropolitan areas. Comprehensive regional plans have also been devised for poly-nucleated urban areas and for open regions such as river basins. Because, for historical reasons, regions often lack governmental organization congruent with their natural or economic characteristics, the realization of regional planning goals, policies, and projects has often been constrained or limited. Nevertheless, significant instances of the successful implementation of regional plans or elements of plans can be cited. Greater London, Paris, New York, and Chicago, for example, all have benefited from past efforts at regional planning. In an increasingly interdependent world faced with environmental degradation, economic development needs, and social inequities, there is a growing awareness of the need for effective regional planning in the form of integrated regional resource management. But pervasive fragmentation of political jurisdictions, dominance of short-term over long-term decision-making, growing inequities between economic classes, and the frequent absence of consensus on goals or future visions still present formidable obstacles to the realization of regional planning in both developed and developing nations. Powerful new tools for data management and monitoring, such as geographic information systems and computer-based visioning simulation, promise to be of considerable help in overcoming barriers to effective regional planning. However, these tools are no substitute for imaginative planning, political will, and a broad agreement on what future regions can and should become.
A Novel In Situ Experiment to Investigate Wear Mechanisms in Biomaterials

A number of experimental techniques have been used to characterize the mechanical properties and wear of biomaterials, from nanoindentation to scratch to atomic force microscopy testing. While all these experiments provide valuable information on the mechanics and functionality of biomaterials (e.g., animals’ teeth), they lack the ability to combine the measurement of force and sliding velocities with high resolution imaging of the processes taking place at the biomaterial-substrate interface. Here we present an experiment for the in situ scanning electron microscopy characterization of the mechanics of friction and wear of biomaterials with simultaneous control of mechanical and kinematic variables. To illustrate the experimental methodology, we report the wear of the sea urchin tooth, which exhibits a unique combination of architecture and material properties tailored to withstand abrasion loads in different directions. By quantifying contact conditions and changes in the tooth tip geometry, we show that the developed methodology provides a versatile and promising tool to investigate wear mechanisms in a variety of animal teeth accounting for microscale effects.
Four-Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy

The ground- and excited-state electronic and vibrational structure of condensed-phase systems dictates many of their functions. This structure, however, is oftentimes difficult to observe experimentally as the system increases in size and complexity due to short lifetimes and rapid decoherence. One powerful, and, general, approach to elucidating these interactions is to perform increasingly higher-order and higher-dimensionality optical spectroscopies, which have found success in a wide variety of chemical and biological systems and materials. While this approach indeed leads to increased spectral resolution by spreading the spectral information across multiple, coherently coupled dimensions, it also increases the number of signal pathways, and the signal strength falls exponentially. Experiment complexity, long acquisition times, and challenging spectroscopic interpretation has, thus far, made this approach impractical beyond three dimensions. Here, we discuss advances in four-dimensional spectroscopy that addresses, and overcomes, these challenges. We demonstrate that resonance may be used to control which pathways contribute to the signal, thereby greatly simplifying the physical interpretation in comparison to lower-order and fully-resonant experiments. Further, we show that contrary to expectation, and given the dramatically lower signal strength, orders-of-magnitude higher dynamic range is achievable than with lower-order measurements. The analogy of ideas presented here for sampling and reconstruction to existing approaches in NMR are discussed. Finally, we outline a strategy to utilize these methods to interrogate complex molecular systems in solution, show experimental results on organic molecules, and discuss prospects for studying more complex systems such as semiconductor nanocrystals and photosynthetic proteins.
Effect of forced-air warming blanket position in elective lumbar spine surgery: Intraoperative body temperature and postoperative complications.

Background Perioperative hypothermia is linked to multiple postoperative complications including increased surgical bleeding, surgical site infection, myocardial events, and increased length of hospital stay. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of forced-air warming blanket position, above the shoulders versus under the trunk/legs, on intraoperative core body temperature and perioperative complications in elective lumbar spine surgery. Methods After IRB approval, patients were enrolled in a consecutive fashion and randomized to either upper body (Group I) or lower body (Group II) groups. Primary outcomes were intraoperative body temperature, incidence of hypothermia, postoperative complications, and infection. Secondary outcomes included blood loss, operative time, and length of stay. Results Seventy-four patients were included (Group I, 38; Group II, 36, mean age 60.7 years, 54% of male). Average patient follow-up was 69 ± 33.6 days in Group I and 67 ± 34.6 days in Group II. Average intraoperative body temperature was 35.7 in Group I and 35.8 in Group II (P = 0.27). Incidence of critical hypothermia (T < 35°C) was 18.4% and 11.1% in Groups I and II, respectively (P = 0.52). Incidence of mild hypothermia (T: 35°C-36°C) was 34.2% and 30.56% in Groups I and II, respectively (P = 0.81). Separately, pooled analysis comparing average body temperature and incidence infection demonstrated a relationship between mild hypothermia and infection (P = 0.03). Conclusion Compared to using a lower body Bair Hugger under the patient, using standard upper body Bair Hugger may be associated with increased surgical site infection. Given equivalent body warming, we recommend using the lower body Bair Hugger to avoid infection.
Quality Improvement of Pastoral Care for Major Depression in the Community of an African American Religious Organization.

Mental illness is a complex personal and social problem. In the African American community, cultural and ethnic stigma concerning mental illness often discourages this population from seeking the h...
Nanoemulsion-Loaded Capsules for Controlled Delivery of Lipophilic Active Ingredients

Nanoemulsions have become ideal candidates for loading hydrophobic active ingredients and enhancing their bioavailability in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. However, the lack of versatile carrier platforms for nanoemulsions hinders advanced control over their release behavior. In this work, a method is developed to encapsulate nanoemulsions in alginate capsules for the controlled delivery of lipophilic active ingredients. Functional nanoemulsions loaded with active ingredients and calcium ions are first prepared, followed by encapsulation inside alginate shells. The intrinsically high viscosity of the nanoemulsions ensures the formation of spherical capsules and high encapsulation efficiency during the synthesis. Moreover, a facile approach is developed to measure the nanoemulsion release profile from capsules through UV-vis measurement without an additional extraction step. A quantitative analysis of the release profiles shows that the capsule systems possess a tunable, delayed-burst release. The encapsulation methodology is generalized to other active ingredients, oil phases, nanodroplet sizes, and chemically crosslinked inner hydrogel cores. Overall, the capsule systems provide promising platforms for various functional nanoemulsion formulations.
Raging Pandemics and Taming Epidemics

This article, drawing upon the author’s past research and scholarly writings on communication strategies to prevent, contain, and mitigate pandemics and epidemics, including HIV/AIDS, analyses India’s march towards polio eradication, focusing on the relentless implementation of its macro and micro-level social and behavioural change communication strategies. It discusses the micro-targeting and messaging interventions to achieve large-scale vaccine adherence and behaviour compliance, especially in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar—the last sanctuaries for polio in India. It also analyses how India eradicated polio with relentless social mobilisation, involvement and engagement of local opinion leaders, and an adaptive data-driven strategy. No country, at any time, has utilised the art and science of social and behavioural communication for a greater public good as India did to wipe out polio. This article represents a modest attempt to analyse the communication-centric elements, focusing on the interpersonal and ground-based elements of the polio communication strategy, that contributed to this public health triumph of epic proportions, and represents India’s gift to the world.
Effects of fixatives on histomagnetic evaluation of iron in rodent spleen.

Characterizing the iron distribution in tissue sections is important for several pathologies. Iron content in excised tissue is typically analyzed via histochemical stains, which are dependent on sample preparation and staining protocols. In our recent studies, we examined how magnetic properties of iron can also be exploited to characterize iron distribution in tissue sections in a label free manner. To enable a histomagnetic characterization of iron in a wide variety of available tissues, it is important to extend it to samples routinely prepared for histochemical staining, which often involve use of chemical fixatives. In this study, we took a systematic approach to determine differences between unfixed and formalin-fixed murine spleen tissues in histomagnetic characterization of iron. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) were used for macro- and micro-scale histomagnetic characterization. Perl's stain was used for histochemical characterization of ferric (Fe3+) iron on adjacent sections as that used for MFM analysis. While histochemical analysis revealed a substantial difference in the dispersion of the stain between fixed versus unfixed samples, histomagnetic characterization was not dependent on chemical fixation of tissue. The results from this study reveal that histomagnetic characterization of iron is free from staining artifacts which can be present in histochemical analysis.
Predicting Failure Cascades in Large Scale Power Systems via the Influence Model Framework

Large blackouts in power grids are often the consequence of uncontrolled failure cascades. The ability to predict the failure cascade process in an efficient and accurate manner is important for power system contingency analysis. In this paper, we propose to apply the influence model for the prediction and screening of failure cascades in large scale DC and AC power networks. Then, the trained influence model is applied to some large power grids with thousands of buses and transmission lines. The prediction performance is evaluated in four different aspects, from the global perspective of the overall failure size to the individual information regarding the link failure time. The results show that under limited training samples, the proposed framework is capable of predicting the failure cascade size with a 7% error rate, the final state of links with a 10% error rate, and the failure time within 1 time unit for both the DC and AC model. One major advantage of the proposed method is that it can reduce the computational time of the failure cascade prediction by a few orders of magnitude with limited compromise in accuracy, as compared to the power flow based contingency analysis. Another important feature of the proposed method is that the trained influence parameters can reveal the critical initial contingencies. This information is very helpful for identifying the worst contingency scenarios for system operators.
A new structure of highly nonlinear and highly negative dispersion compensating defected core octagonal photonic crystal fiber

This paper proposes a defected core octagonal photonic crystal fiber (OPCF). The diameters of the circular air holes are kept constant, while the pitch, the distance between two consecutive air holes, is varied. A single mode fiber with boundary condition is used to characterize the different optical properties of the defected core OPCF. Simulations of the designs are carried out in the COMSOL software to find the numerical values of various parameters. The proposed defected core OPCF provides significant optical characteristics which includes large negative dispersion and large nonlinear coefficient at working wavelength of 1550nm. This design of PCF can be utilized in systems of data transmission and supercontinuum generation.
Analysis of Coyote Long-Distance Vocalizations

Vocalizations of wild candids have been the source of much controversy for decades. The function, causation, evolution and development of these vocalizations have been investigated only in recent years (Estes and Goddard, 1967; Fox, 1971; Joslin, 1966; Mech, 1970; Theberge and Falls, 1967). However, none of these studies has attempted a rigorous analysis of vocalizations comparable to those conducted on passerine birds (e.g., Lemon and Chatfield, 1973). The purpose of this study was to conduct the first phase of a long-term research project on coyote vocalizations. The first phase utilized the "typological" or "syntactical" approach. According to Marler (1965) "such an approach is concerned primarily with describing and classifying signals and attempting to extrapolate to predictions about the potential properties of the signal system when used in actual communication." The primary objectives were to: a) classify the long-range vocalization, b) provide a physical description of the vocalizations, and c) hypothesize as to the function of the various vocalizations. Project Number 202.
Neutron scattering study of the competing magnetic correlations in La 0.85 Sr 0.15 CoO 3

The nature of the competing ferromagnetic and incommensurate spin correlations in the spin-glass phase of ${\text{La}}_{0.85}{\text{Sr}}_{0.15}{\text{CoO}}_{3}$ has been investigated by various neutron scattering techniques. Spin-polarized scattering indicates that the observed incommensurate peaks are dominantly magnetic in nature. Magnetic field experiments show that a field applied perpendicular to the short-range ordering wave vector destroys the incommensurate correlations and induces long-range ferromagnetic order. However, even for fields up to 7 T, short-range ferromagnetic correlations still coexist with the long-range ordered regions.
Entailment Inference in a Natural Logic-like General Reasoner

Recent work on entailment suggests that natural logics are well-suited to determining whether one sentence lexically entails another. We show how the EPILOG reasoning engine, designed for a natural language-like meaning representation (Episodic Logic, or EL), can be used to emulate natural logic inferences, while also enabling more general inferences such as ones from multiple premises, or ones based on world knowledge. Thus, to exploit the capabilities of EPILOG, we are working to populate its knowledge base with the kinds of lexical knowledge on which natural logics rely.
Disability, Stigma and Otherness: Perspectives of Parents and Teachers

This qualitative study explored the perspectives of parents and teachers in the US with regard to the meaning and implications of disability in the context of schoolling, and of raising a child with a disability. The findings revealed broad conceptual differences in the perspectives of these two groups. Teachers’ beliefs were generally consistent with medical model perspectives on disability as biologically defined. Parents’ interpretations, more aligned with a sociocultural paradigm, were situated in the cultural meanings ascribed to disability and linked with issues of stigma, marginalisation and access. The findings also revealed the existence of master narratives on families of children with disabilities, entrenched in assumptions of pathological functioning and negative outcomes among these families. Implications for professional–family partnerships in the education of students with disabilities are discussed.
The reopening process of the esophagus in the normal chick and the crookedneck dwarf mutant

In an earlier publication (Allenspach & Hamilton, 1962) an account was given of chick esophageal development and histogenesis up to 10 days of incubation. The esophagus becomes completely occluded at 5 days (stage 26, Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951) and reopens rapidly at 7½–8 days (stages 33–34). Detailed observations were made of the histological changes in the organs as correlated with the localization of ribonucleic acid and alkaline phosphatase. The occlusion of the developing esophagus was apparently due to collapse and adhesion of roof and floor epithelia to form a solid epithelial bar and not to cell proliferation, as stated in Lillie's Development of the Chick (Hamilton, 1952, pp. 384–5). This process was the object of further investigation in which the role of proliferation in occlusion was determined by the use of colchicine. Results indicated that cell proliferation is not involved in the closing process (Allenspach, 1964).
Thought disorder and schizophrenia: Isolating and timing a mental event

This study explored the ability of nonparanoid schizophrenic, paranoid schizophrenic, and mixed psychiatric control (manics and schizoaffectives) patients to perform on two types of conceptual, speeded inference (SI) tasks, which differ in type of abstraction process required. The subjects (N = 30) were grouped into high and low levels of thought dysfunction, as measured by the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST). There were no differences among the three clinical groups on the conceptual, SI tasks. Reaction times differed reliably across the two SI tasks. High-WIST subjects were impaired on SI accuracy. Significant impairment in accuracy was demonstrated by high-WIST time and error groups on the more complex SI tasks. Information processing deficit was demonstrated in terms of encoding phase and reaction time in problem-solving of the three diagnostic groups as a function of WIST levels.
Biomaterials differentially regulate Src kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ in polymorphonuclear leukocyte primary and tertiary granule release.

Abstract In the foreign body response, infiltrating PMNs exocytose granule subsets to influence subsequent downstream inflammatory and wound healing events. In previous studies, we found that PMNs cultured on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-containing hydrogels (i.e., PEG and gelatin + PEG hydrogels) had enhanced primary granule release, yet similar tertiary granule release compared with PMNs cultured on polydimethylsiloxane or tissue culture polystyrene. PMN primary granules contain microbicidal proteins and proteases, which can potentially injure bystander cells, degrade the extracellular matrix, and promote inflammation. Here, we sought to understand the mechanism of the enhanced primary granule release from PMNs on PEG hydrogels. We found that primary granule release from PMNs on PEG hydrogels was adhesion mediated and involved Src family kinases and PI3K-γ. The addition of gelatin to PEG hydrogels did not further enhance PMN primary granule release. Using stable-isotope dimethyl labeling-based shotgun proteomics, we identified many serum proteins – including Ig gamma constant chain region proteins and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 – that were absorbed/adsorbed in higher quantities on PEG hydrogels than on TCPS, and may be involved in mediating PMN primary granule release. Ultimately, this mechanistic knowledge can be used to direct inflammation and wound healing following biomaterial implantation to promote a more favorable healing response.
Dynamic Reconfiguration and Virtual Machine Management in the Harness Metacomputing System

Metacomputing frameworks have received renewed attention of late, fueled both by advances in hardware and networking, and by novel concepts such as computational grids. However these frameworks are often inflexible, and force the application into a fixed environment rather than trying to adapt to the application's needs. Harness is an experimental metacomputing system based upon the principle of dynamic reconfigurability not only in terms of the computers and networks that comprise the virtual machine, but also in the capabilities of the VM itself. These characteristics may be modified under user control via a "plug-in" mechanism that is the central feature of the system. In this paper we describe how the design of the Harness system allows the dynamic configuration and reconfiguration of virtual machines, including naming and addressing methods, as well as plug-in location, loading, validation, and synchronization methods.
Archaeological Theory: Progress or Posture 7, edited by lain M. Mackenzie. Worldwide Archaeology Series Vol. 11. Avebury/Ashgate Publishing, 1994

What might Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jacques Derrida, Anthony Giddens, Claude Levi­ Strauss, Louis Binford, Michael Shanks, and Daniel Miller have in common? What are the relationships between McGuire's A Marxist Archaeology (1992) and Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (Persig 1974). If you like the conjunction of paradigms from philosophy and psychology, reflections upon science and the humanities, refreshing reconsiderations of the processual and post-processual debates, and mental gymnastics, you will undoubtedly enjoy a majority of the essays found in this unique book.
Thyroid storm-induced multi-organ failure in the setting of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Abstract Background Thyroid storm is a potentially life-threatening complication of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), with varying clinical severity. It should be considered in patients with GTD, abnormal vital signs, and clinical signs of hyperthyroidism. Case Report A 45-year-old non-English-speaking patient presented to a New York City hospital in November 2011 with an aborting molar pregnancy and severe hemorrhage. Initial presentation was concerning for GTD. Laboratory values were obtained that confirmed the diagnosis of GTD, which was also by thyroid storm and congestive heart failure. This was evidenced by laboratory values of free thyroxine of 4.9 and beta human chorionic gonadotropin of 1,488,021 IU/mL. Dilation and curettage with 16-mm suction catheter was performed until all products of conception were removed and bleeding was controlled. The patient was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit and proceeded to have multi-organ failure, and remained intubated and unresponsive to verbal/visual and tactile stimuli. On postoperative day 13 the patient suddenly became alert and self-extubated, began to communicate verbally, and resolution of her multi-organ failure became evident. The patient was discharged with Gynecologic Oncology follow-up. Why should an emergency care physician be aware of this? This case represents the dangers associated with poor prenatal care and late diagnosis of molar pregnancy. It also represents the need for immediate recognition of the condition and initiation of appropriate medical care. Although this patient’s clinical outcome was good, the event could have been prevented had she received reliable medical care.
Predictors of 30-day hospital readmission after coronary artery bypass

Abstract Background . Risk factors for 30-day hospital readmission following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have not been established. Methods . We prospectively followed 485 consecutive patients who underwent isolated primary CABG at our institution in 1997. Patients were contacted by telephone at 30 days following operation to determine readmission status. Results . The overall readmission rate was 16% (76 of 485). Female gender (25% versus 11%, p = 0.001) and diabetes (22% versus 12%, p = 0.005) were associated with significantly higher readmission rates. The relationship between female gender and readmission persisted after correcting for age and other comorbidities. Congestive heart failure trended towards a significant relationship with increased readmission rate (22% versus 14%, p = 0.09). There were no significant associations between 30-day readmission rate and age, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, creatinine level of ≥ 1.4 mg/dL, or decreased left ventricular ejection fraction ( Conclusions . These data show that most of the classic risk factors for postoperative mortality are not necessarily associated with increased readmission. However, female gender and diabetes are associated with greater than twice the risk of 30-day readmission following CABG.
Increased cis-atracurium requirements during prolonged administration to a child

Purpose To report increased infusion requirements of cis-atracunum during prolonged infusion (six weeks) to provide neuromuscular blockade in a child during prolonged mechanical ventilation. Despite a previous study in adult patients which demonstrated no increase in infusion requirements over five days, we noted a considerable increase over six weeks.
We Are the 5% Which Schools Would Be Held Accountable Under a Proposed Revision of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act?

This article uses data from California to analyze the results of the proposed accountability system in the Senate’s Harkin-Enzi draft Elementary and Secondary Education Act reauthorization. The authors analyze existing statewide school-level data from California, applying the accountability criteria proposed in the draft law. Comparing the proposed system to the No Child Left Behind Act’s Adequate Yearly Progress provisions, they draw conclusions about the stability of the proposed identification schemes and the types of schools likely to be identified. They conclude with several policy recommendations that could be easily incorporated into the law, based on their analysis and the existing literature.
Arterial Flow in The Lower Leg Correlated With Plasma Levels of Two Formulations of Papaverine Hydrochloride

In patients with severe peripheral vascular disease (mean arterial flow of 40 ml/min), a suspension of papaverine in a soft gelatin capsule produced plasma levels almost three times higher than those following treatment with a sustained- release tablet formulation. The higher plasma levels resulted in significantly greater vasodilation with increased distal arterial flow. The onset of peak pulsatile flow with the soft gelatin form came sooner than with the sustained- release form. However the durations of vasodilation were similar with both papaverine preparations. The vasodilatory activity of papaverine appeared to be greater in the sympathectomized leg.The soft gelatin formulation of papaverine may be an orally active vasodila tor, maintaining a distal runoff after reconstruction of a large artery, and may be effective in sustaining a longer vasodilatory effect in patients with small vessel disease, when surgical procedures may not be applicable.
Effect of tolerance and of antibody mediated immune suppression on the avidity of the cellular and humoral immune response

Abstract Partial tolerance induction in adult rabbits although resulting in a marked depression of circulating antibody concentration, had no effect on either the avidity of the antibody synthesized at 2 weeks after immunization or the magnitude of the response of lymph node cells to stimulation by antigen in culture. A modest depression in the avidity of the cells responding to antigen in culture by an increase in thymidine incorporation was observed. Partial antibody mediated immune suppression was found to result in an increase in avidity of the residual circulating antibody and had no effect on the magnitude of the proliferative response induced by antigen in culture. Thus suppression appears to affect predominantly B-lymphocytes.
Neogene Deep-Living Radiolarian Zonation and Its Uses: ABSTRACT

A Neogene radiolarian zonation using deep-living radiolarians has been developed. This zonation consists of 6 radiolarian zones with the nominant taxa of each zone first occurring at the base of its zone, and that nominant taxa running throughout its zone. These zones are the Eucyrtidium cienkowskii (22.5-19 Ma), Siphocampe arachnea (19-14 Ma), Oroscena with digitate spines (14-11 Ma), Botryostrobus bramlettei (11-6 Ma), Clathrocyclas bicornis (6-2.5 Ma), and Cycladophora davisiana davisiana (2.5-0 Ma) Zones. These zones were developed by using Antarctic, equatorial, and North Pacific Deep Sea Drilling Project holes, and are believed to be cosmopolitan zones due to their being based on deep-living radiolarians. These zones are dated by correlating the first occurrences of the nominant taxa with warm-water radiolarian datums that have been paleomagnetically dated. These zones are not designed for routine use, but rather for tying together other more provincial zonations, and for comparing oceanographic phenomena on global datum planes. To date, this zonation has been used to correlate Antarctic zonations intra- and inter-regionally and to study the evolution of radiolarian lineages. End_of_Article - Last_Page 243------------
PILAYELLA LITTORALIS F. RUPINCOLA FROM WASHINGTON: THE LIFE HISTORY IN CULTURE(1).

SUMMARY The life history of Pilayella littoralis f. rupincola from Washington was studied in culture using supplemented natural seawater media and various temperature, photoperiod, and light intensity regimes. Plants in nature exhibited characteristics typical for f. rupincola. Plants in culture, however, did not show the same morphological features, although they had a life history presumed typical for f. rupincola. Successive generations of plants in culture formed only unilocular sporangia. On the basis of morphological characters and the life history, Kylin elevated f. rupincola to species rank. Variation in morphology of both field collected and cultured specimens makes such recognition untenable. It is concluded that the type of life history alone is not adequate justification for the recognition of P. rupincola as a species, but the stability of the life history in various culture environments appears to warrant continued recognition of this taxon as a distinct form of P. littoralis, as originally proposed by J. E. Areschoug.
A Genomewide Scan Identifies Novel Early-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Loci on 9q22 and 20p12

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The disease is characterized by a degeneration of the optic nerve, which is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure. The common form of adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma is inherited as a complex trait, whereas the rarer early-onset juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance. Of all cases of JOAG, ∼10%–20% are caused by mutations in the myocilin gene. We have identified 25 pedigrees that are affected with typical JOAG and that demonstrate autosomal dominant inheritance. We sequenced the myocilin gene in probands from each family and found mutations in 8% of this population. To identify novel genes responsible for JOAG, we used families that did not have myocilin mutations for a genomewide screen. Markers located on chromosomes 9q22 and 20p12 showed evidence for linkage, identifying two novel loci for early-onset open-angle glaucoma.
Effect of aging on enolase from rat muscle, liver and heart

Muscle enolase (2-phopho-d-glycerate hydrolase, EC 4.2.1.11) and liver enolase from young and old rats have been purified to homogeneity and several properties of the respective young/old pairs, including Km, behavior on polyacrylamide gels, sensitivity to heat and specific activity have been compared. No difference has been detected. On the other hand, the heart isozyme shows an age-related increase in a heat-sensitive form of the enzyme. The results strongly support the idea that some enzymes become altered in aging animals but others do not.
In vivo inhibition of rat brain protein synthesis by L-dopa.

— A study has been made of the effect of a single intraperitoneal dose of l-DOPA on the in vivo metabolism of [14C]leucine and [14C]lysine by the brain, and on their uptake into brain protein. Administration of 500 mg DOPA/kg to 40-g rats raised the concentrations of several free amino acids; the only amino acid which underwent a statistically significant increment was alanine. Intracisternally-injected [U-14C]leucine was rapidly metabolized to other labelled compounds; DOPA administration did not influence significantly the rate of its metabolism. No similar metabolic change was observed after administering [U-14C]lysine intracisternally. Incorporation of [14C]leucine and [14C]lysine into total brain protein was significantly reduced 45 min after DOPA administration. There was also depression of the uptake of labelled amino acid into a supernatant fraction, obtained by high speed centrifugation of the brain homogenate, and into brain microtubular protein (tubulin). Reduced amino-acid incorporation into brain proteins observed 45 min after l-DOPA injection coincided with extensive disaggregation of brain polyribosomes. At 120 min after DOPA treatment, disaggregation was no longer significant and there was a smaller depression in labelled amino aicd incorporation, which disappeared completely 240 min after l-DOPA injection. It is concluded that disaggregation of brain polysomes following DOPA treatment is an accurate reflection of a change in the intensity of brain protein synthesis in vivo.
Radiation from wire arrays imploding on an axial target

Abstract Adding thin wires on the axis of cylindrical and conical wire arrays significantly affected the x-ray emission of the conical wire arrays, while having practically no effect on that of the cylindrical ones. The experimental study was performed using Al wire arrays with central Al and Cu wires on the 1 MA Zebra Z-pinch generator at the Nevada Terawatt Facility. Adding wires on the axis of cylindrical wire arrays led to a decrease in plasma temperature and produced practically no change in the total radiation yield. In contrast, for conical wire arrays, both the plasma temperature and the total radiation yield increased approximately proportional with the central wire thickness. Both effects were stronger for Cu center wires than for Al center wires. When using Cu, radiative cooling played a substantial role in the implosion dynamics, leading to a more compact pinch than for Al wires. Adding Al wires on the axis of conical arrays produced a cocoon-shaped emissivity distribution, with a minimum on axis. For the case of Cu wires, a short-lived, straight, and narrow filament emitting photons with energy greater than 2.5 keV formed on the axis of the cocoon. This hot filament is produced by a transient heating mechanism intense enough to fully ionize Al, and the cocoon represents plasma heated by a conical shock formed in the conical array.
BANKFULL DISCHARGE: AN EXAMPLE OF ITS STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIPS

Abstract Analysis of data for the White and Wabash Rivers suggests means of determining discharge at the natural bankfull stage, despite the effects of artificial embanking and clearance of channels. Bankfull discharge, and discharge at mean annual flood, undergo an orderly downstream increase in percentage duration of flow.