cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiments With Quebracho-Fixed Nicotine for the Control of the European Corn Borer

The application of insecticidal sprays consisting essentially of either gallotannin nicotine tannate or powdered derris root has been included in recommendations for the control of the European corn borer Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.), infesting sweet corn and dahlia. Owing to its instability, however, gallotannin nicotine tannate is prepared only at the time of its use by combining dilute solutions of nicotine and Chinese gallotannin; therefore, it does not have the advantages possessed by an insecticide which may be prepared as a concentrate for storage and diluted subsequently as used. The investigation of insecticides for application against the European corn borer conducted at New Haven, Conn., has included studies of several kinds of fixed nicotine other than nicotine tannate of the gallotannin type. In one of these preparations the nicotine was fixed by means of an extract derived from quebracho wood, and the resulting combination was found to possess unique physical properties, including stability in concentrated form. It was considered desirable, therefore, to examine this material further and to determine its effectiveness when compared in field-plot experiments with the derris spray commonly used by growers. The data obtained during 1937 relating to this comparison provide the basis for the present discussion.
A Construction of Regular Polygons of pq Sides Leading to a Geometric Proof of rp - sq=l

The construction of 15, 51, and 85 sided polygons is an interesting exercise when studying ruler and compass constructions. The method is based on the famous Greatest Common Divisor theorem that if p and q are relatively prime, there exist counting numbers r, s such that rp-sq= 1. The proof of this theorem, while elementary, involves descent, and working back through a messy chain of equations. The spirit of the algebraic steps is quite different from that of geometric construction. Hence it is interesting in a geometry class to use a proof less dependent on an algebraic lemma. Indeed, a proof of the lemma falls out as a corollary.
Production of glucagon antibodies and their role in metabolism and immunoassay of glucagon.

SummaryThe antibody content of sera from rabbits treated intermittently with free glucagon or glucagon conjugated with ovalbumin was measured at intervals during a 2-year period. Circulating nonprecipitating antibody, capable of binding glucagon-I131, was detectable within one month, and was still detectable after 4 to 5 month periods during which no antigen was administered. Glucagon-I131 injected into an immunized rabbit was rapidly bound to antibody, remained chromatographically intact and was only slowly cleared from the circulation. Glucagon-I131 could be dissociated from its antibody at acid pH. The preferential salt precipitation technic used for immunochemical assay of insulin proved applicable to measurement of minute amounts of glucagon.The authors are indebted to Dr. Otto K. Behrens, Eli Lilly & Co. for supplies of recrystallized glucagon and for tests of antibody inhibition of glucagon activity in cats. We wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Miss Angela Lee.
Religion and Corporate Governance: Evidence from 32 Countries

This study seeks to understand the effects of informal constraints, particularly religious denominations, on corporate governance. Using archival data from a panel sample of 32 countries—between 2006 and 2010—we find that a higher proportion of Protestantism is associated with stronger corporate governance after controlling for cultural, economic, legal, and institutional factors. This study provides empirical support for the socio-cultural theory, which posits that socio-cultural variables such as religion are associated with the level of agency costs (Charreaux, 2004, Corporate governance theories: From micro theories to national systems theories, Working Paper). The findings of this study contribute to the corporate governance, accounting, finance, and management literature by showing that social norms, especially religion, have a strong effect on corporate governance practices. Moreover, this study provides insights for policy makers who are interested in enhancing corporate governance, allowing them to strengthen formal constraints such as rule of law for countries where there is a low proportion of Protestants, in order to improve corporate governance.
Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Proliferation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Peripheral Blood of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To investigate the methods of isolating and culturing endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) from peripheral blood in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM),and to observe the effect of astragalus polysaccharides(APS) on proliferation of EPCs.Methods: Total mononuclear cells were isolated with density gradient centrifugation and put into the culture flasks previously coated by rat tail collagen.After 7 days of culture,EPCs were identifyed,and treated with various concentrations of APS for different durations.Proliferation of EPCs was measured by MTT.Results: Most of the cultured cells adhering to the culture flask displayed fibroblast-like and slabstone-like morphology.Endothelial cell specific antigen CD34 and KDR,and progenitor antigen CD133 were expressed.APS could promote the proliferation of EPCs in T2DM in certain ranges of dose and time(P0.05).Conclusions: The rat tail collagen can be a cheaper replacement of fibronectin for the culture of EPCs from peripheral blood in T2DM.APS could markedly promote the proliferation of EPCs in T2DM.
Application status and development trend of vacuum technology in seawater desalination

Seawater desalination is an extensive prospects technology.Further research is needed to study the theory,technique and equipment.We summarized the application,current situation and development direction of vacuum technology in seawater desalination,And discussed some problems related to large-scale production of fresh water from seawater.
Molecular Modeling of Fluoropolymers: Polytetrafluoroethylene

A force field for solid state modeling of fluoropolymers predicted a suitable helical conformation but required further improvement in describing intermolecular effects. Though victory cannot yet be declared, the derived force fields improve substantially on those previously available. Preliminary molecular dynamics simulations with the interim force field indicate that modeling of PTFE chain behavior can now be done in an “all-inclusive” manner instead of the piecemeal focus on isolated motions and defects required previously. Further refinement of the force field with a backbone dihedral term capable of reproducing the complex torsional profile of perfluorocarbons has provided a parameterization that promises both qualitative and quantitative modeling of fluoropolymer behavior in the near future.
The dynamics of strategic stability and instability

ABSTRACTI apply a dynamic systems approach to define strategic stability and classify strategic systems as stable, unstable, or neutral, based on the nature of forces that strategic capabilities exert under perturbation away from equilibrium. Conceptualizing stability in this manner is helpful when considering its relationship to mutual vulnerability, its role in extended deterrence relationships, and prospects for maintaining stability along proposed paths to disarmament. Traditional U.S. policy objectives do not appear to distinguish between true stability and neutral stability, and traditional definitions of strategic stability describe neutral stability. True strategic stability is an unlikely policy objective for the United States.
Epizoic and Epiphytic Diatoms

Diatoms live in many habitats; their primary requirements are adequate water, light, and nutrients, especially silica for their frustules. One major habitat is that of adherence to living substrata, both plants or algae (epiphytic diatoms) and animals (epizoic diatoms). Species that inhabit this habitat differ from planktonic and freely moving benthic forms in several ways.
“I Love Red Hair. My Wife Has Strawberry”: Discursive Strategies and Social Identity in the Workplace

Coworkers are group members of the workplace community. They build their social identities through their verbal and nonverbal behaviors in everyday workplace practice. During small talk interactions, coworkers engage in specific discourses that serve to tell, and therefore, offer a self-definition of their behaviors within other groups, beyond the workplace. In other words, by telling their experiences as members of other groups, the speakers draw for the interlocutors the self-concept they want to (re)present within the workplace community. In order to convey this self-concept, speakers use determined, recursive linguistic patterns. In this chapter, two specific linguistic strategies are analyzed: my-relative strategy and I-feel-you strategy (Di Ferrante, Small talk at work: A corpus based discourse analysis of AAC and Non-AAC device users, 2013), which fulfill respectively the functions of validating statements—principle of authenticity—and displaying understanding—principle of sympathy. Using a discourse analysis approach within a social psychology framework, linguistic patterns are examined and shown to be exploited as tools used by speakers to build their social identities and affirm their positive image as members of the workplace community.
Integrationsfehler der Photometerkugel

Bei Messungen der diffusen Reflexion mit der Photometerkugel hangt das Mesergebnis von der Form der Probenindicatrix ab. Es treten Integrationsfehler auf, die in Abhangigkeit von den geometrischen Kugelparametern fur vier verschiedene Mesanordnungen berechnet werden: Der Detektor sitzt in der Kugelwand und wird von allen Seiten bestrahlt; der Detektor sitzt auserhalb und erhalt Strahlung nur von einer Mesflache in der Kugelwand; beide Anordnungen ohne und mit Abschattungsblende. Fur eine von den vielfaltigen Indicatrixformen unabhangige Beurteilung der Fehlereigenschaften der Kugel wird der Begriff der „Integrationsfehler-Empfindlichkeit“ eingefuhrt. Dabei bekommt jede Kugeloffnung — sofern sie uberhaupt Integrationsfehler verursacht — eine eigene Fehlerempfindlichkeit zugeordnet. Man findet zwei Typen von Integrationsfehler-Empfindlichkeiten: Der eine Typ last sich durch Verkleinern der betreffenden relativen Offnung beliebig reduzieren, der andere Typ ist mindestens gleich dem Absorptionsvermogen der Kugelwand. Die Wirkung der Abschattungsblenden besteht darin, Fehler des zweiten Typs zu eliminieren. Entgegen der Erwartung sind die Kugeln mit Mesflache betrachtlich fehlerhafter als die lichtstarkeren Kugeln mit dem Detektor in der Kugelwand, was aber physikalisch leicht zu erklaren ist. Der Strahlungsflusanteil am Detektor liegt bei ublichen Kugeln mit Mesflache bei einem oder wenigen Prozent. An einem Beispiel wird gezeigt, das im Vergleich dazu Kugeln mit einem Strahlungsflusanteil von 60% bei gleichzeitig verkleinertem Integrationsfehler konzipiert werden konnen. Bei kleinflachigen Empfangern (z. B. PbS-Zelle fur den NIR-Bereich) lassen sich durch sehr kleine Abmessungen lichtstarke Kugeln mit ertraglichen Integrationsfehlern schaffen. Eine einfache Methode zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Integrationsfehler sowie zur groben Messung der Indicatrixform mittels der Kugel wird angegeben.
3D bioprinted graphene oxide-incorporated matrix for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Articular cartilage repair and regeneration are a challenging problem worldwide due to the extremely weak inherent regenerative capacity of cartilaginous tissue. As an emerging tissue engineering scaffold fabrication technology, 3D bioprinting has shown great promise in fabricating customizable artificial tissue matrices with hierarchical structures. The goal of the present study is to investigate 3D bioprinted graphene oxide (GO)-doped gelatin–based scaffolds for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the current study, GO-gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)–poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) was prepared as a biocompatible photopolymerizable bioink. GO, a multifunctional carbon based nanomaterial, was incorporated into the bioink for promoting chondrogenic differentiation. Finally, the 3D printed GelMA-PEGDA-GO scaffold with hierarchical structures was fabricated via our novel table-top stereolithography-based printer. Results showed that GelMA-PEGDA-GO scaffolds greatly promoted the glycosaminoglycan, and collagen levels after GO induced chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Moreover, the Collagen II, SOX 9, and Aggrecan gene expressions associated with chondrogenesis were greatly promoted on the scaffolds. This study demonstrated that customizable 3D printed GelMA-PEGDA-GO scaffolds are excellent candidates for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs and are therefore promising candidates for future cartilage regenerative medicine applications.
THE EFFECT OF SEPTEMBER 11th ON JOB ATTRIBUTE PREFERENCES AND RECRUITMENT

This paper considers the effects of the September 11th attacks on job attribute preferences and recruiting strategies. A survey was conducted with firms (n = 46) and college students (n = 138) in the New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania area. Results indicate 91% of firms believe the attack changed the job attribute preferences of students. The corresponding survey given to college students indicates that 60% of the students say the attacks would not have an impact on their preferred job attributes.
Efficient construction of polyphase sequences with optimal peak sidelobe level growth

Sequences with good correlation properties form an integral part of many active sensing and communication systems. Although polyphase sequence sets with optimal peak sidelobe level (PSL) growth have been known for years, it has been a long-standing problem to construct polyphase sequences with small PSL growth. In this paper, we introduce a new polynomial-time construction approach to design polyphase sequences with optimal PSL growth from sequence sets with small cross-correlation. The proposed construction approach is based on the observation that if the PSL of the sequence set grows optimally, the constructed polyphase sequence will also enjoy an optimal correlation sidelobe growth. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the construction method.
The Intelligent Synthesis Environment: A NASA Concept for the Engineering Design of Aerospace Systems in the Twenty-First Century

This paper describes a new Initiative proposed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The purpose of this Initiative is to develop a future design environment for engineering and science mission synthesis for use by NASA scientists and engineers. This new Initiative is called the Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE). The paper describes the mission of NASA, future aerospace system characteristics, the current engineering design process, the ISE concept, and concludes with possible ISE applications for Quantitative Non-Destructive Evaluation (QNDE).
DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION

This chapter presents the methods, software, and analysis to handle them in numerical computation. Derivatives and integrals are the basic tools of calculus and appear in many mathematical models. It is uncommon for the calculation of a derivative or integral to be the primary objective of a numerical computation, but they appear frequently as sub-problems, and the derivation of methods for more complex problems often involves evaluating them. Derivatives and integrals are also very useful as topics for teaching about numerical computation and analysis. They are easily understood, intuitive or pictorial motivations can be presented, the algebra is usually not too messy, and yet their calculation is not trivial.
The Widow: Homeless and Post-Menopausal

The biblical ‘almanah or “widow” has been understood recently as a woman whose husband has died and who is without a male guardian, such as an adult son. Several texts have complicated this picture: in two cases women are called “widows” in spite of the identification of their sons, while younger women are not designated as “widows” upon the deaths of their husbands. Both of these apparent contradictions are resolved by understanding the ‘almanah as a woman who is past the age of bearing children and who is not part of a male-headed household.
Use of Microcomputers to Acquire Electrophysiological Data: Description of A Commercially Available System in Operation

VECPs and ERGs have been recorded using oscilloscopes, signal averagers, and/or main frame computers. Each of these pieces of equipment is expensive. Currently available single channel signal averagers are $10k or more.
Me and the N-Word: the Story of a Peculiar Locution

As a young Southerner who came to reject segregation and Jim Crow generally, I was sometimes called a nigger lover--and accepted that epithet proudly. As an adult academic in the North, however, I became increasingly amused and bemused by the insistence of my peers at avoiding the word nigger and substituting the N-word euphemism for it. Since everyone immediately mentally converts the N-word to nigger, the whole evasion seems pointless and fatuous. While using nigger as a hostile epithet ought to be condemned, its role in history and in literature should be faced honestly, not fudged with euphemism.
Preoperative Considerations and Patient Optimization

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed operations. There was a time when every inguinal hernia was repaired, due to its risk of eventual strangulation. However, the algorithm for treatment, particularly of minimally symptomatic hernias, has changed. Like many abdominal surgeries, outcome after inguinal hernia repair can be impacted by numerous patient factors. In this chapter, we will outline some of those factors and discuss modifiable risk factors to optimize patients prior to repair.
Frailty is Associated with Greater Impairments in Health-Related Quality of Life after Lung Transplantation Than Before

Purpose Frailty, which marks increased vulnerability to physiologic stressors, is a risk factor for mortality after lung transplantation, and is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL) in other populations. We sought to test the association of frailty and HRQL before and after lung transplantation in the same individuals. Methods In a single-center prospective cohort from 2010-2016, we assessed frailty and HRQL before and 6-months after lung transplantation. Frailty was quantified by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; range 0-12). HRQL was quantified by the generic-physical SF12-Physical Component Scale (SF12PCS; range 0-100), the respiratory-specific Airway Questionnaire 20-Revised (AQ20R; range 0-20 [reverse coded for analysis]), the health-utility instrument Euroqol 5D (EQ5D; range -1.11-1), and the generic Visual Analog Scale (VAS; range 0-100). Higher scores denote better HRQL. We tested the association of frailty and HRQL using multivariate linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race, and FEV1. We compared regression coefficients at baseline and 6-months using a “seemingly unrelated” estimation. Results 232 enrolled subjects underwent lung transplantation. At baseline, greater frailty was associated with poorer HRQL by both SF12PCS and EQ5D (both p Conclusion The association between frailty and impaired HRQL is stronger post-lung transplant compared to the pre-transplant period. Frailty may warrant particular attention after transplantation given its importance to post-transplant HRQL.
The association of elevated maternal genetic risk scores for hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity and having a child with a congenital heart defect.

Background Maternal hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are associated with an increased risk of having offspring with conotruncal heart defects (CTDs). Prior studies have identified sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with risk for each of these three adult phenotypes. We hypothesized that these same SNPs are associated with maternal risk of CTDs in offspring. Methods and results We evaluated the parents of children with a CTD ascertained from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (n = 466) and by the Pediatric Cardiac Genomic Consortium (n = 255). We used a family-based design to assess the association between CTDs and the maternal genotype for individual hypertension, T2D, and obesity-related SNPs and found no association between CTDs and the maternal genotype for any individual SNP. In addition, we calculated genetic risk scores (GRS) for hypertension, T2D, and obesity using previously published GRS formulas. When comparing the GRS of mothers to fathers, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean for the combined GRS or the GRS for each individual condition. However, when we categorized the mothers and fathers of cases with CTDs as having high (>95th percentile) or low (≤95th percentile) scores, compared to fathers, mothers had almost two times the odds of having a high GRS for hypertension (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0, 2.8) and T2D (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1, 3.1). Conclusions Our results support a link between maternal genetic risk for hypertension/T2D and CTDs in their offspring. These associations might be independent of maternal phenotype at conception.
Experimental and educational platforms for studying architecture and tradeoffs in human sensorimotor control

This paper describes several surprisingly rich but simple demos and a new experimental platform for human sensorimotor control research and also controls education. The platform safely simulates a canonical sensorimotor task of riding a mountain bike down a steep, twisting, bumpy trail using a standard display and inexpensive off-the-shelf gaming steering wheel with a force feedback motor. We use the platform to verify our theory, presented in a companion paper. The theory tells how component hardware speed-accuracy tradeoffs (SATs) in control loops impose corresponding SATs at the system level and how effective architectures mitigate the deleterious impact of hardware SATs through layering and “diversity sweet spots” (DSSs). Specifically, we measure the impacts on system performance of delays, quantization, and uncertainties in sensorimotor control loops, both within the subject's nervous system and added externally via software in the platform. This provides a remarkably rich test of the theory, which is consistent with all preliminary data. Moreover, as the theory predicted, subjects effectively multiplex specific higher layer planning/tracking of the trail using vision with lower layer rejection of unseen bump disturbances using reflexes. In contrast, humans multitask badly on tasks that do not naturally distribute across layers (e.g. texting and driving). The platform is cheap to build and easy to program for both research and education purposes, yet verifies our theory, which is aimed at closing a crucial gap between neurophysiology and sensorimotor control. The platform can be downloaded at https://github.com/Doyle-Lab/WheelCon.
Utilization of RNA in situ Hybridization to Understand the Cellular Localization of Powassan Virus RNA at the Tick-Virus-Host Interface.

Skin is the interface between an attached, feeding tick and a host; consequently, it is the first line of defense against invading pathogenic microorganisms that are delivered to a vertebrate host together with tick saliva. Central to the successful transmission of a tick-borne pathogen are complex interactions between the host immune response and early tick-mediated immunomodulation, all of which initially occur at the skin interface. The focus of this work was to demonstrate the use of RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH) as a tool for understanding the cellular localization of viral RNA at the feeding site of Powassan virus (POWV)-infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. Intense positive staining for POWV RNA was frequently detected in dermal foci and occasionally detected in hypodermal foci after 24 h of POWV-infected tick feeding. Additionally, duplex chromogenic RNA ISH staining demonstrated co-localization of POWV RNA with Mus musculus F4/80 RNA, CD11c RNA, vimentin RNA, Krt14 RNA, and CD3e RNA at the feeding site of POWV-infected ticks. In future studies, RNA ISH can be used to validate transcriptomic analyses conducted at the tick-virus-host cutaneous interface and will provide cellular resolution for specific gene signatures temporally expressed during infected tick feeding. Such a systems biology approach will help create a more refined understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions influencing virus transmission at the cutaneous interface.
Does aerobic fitness moderate age-related cognitive slowing? Evidence from the P3 and lateralized readiness potentials

Reaction time (RT) slowing occurs among older adults, although it remains unclear whether general or specific aspects of information-processing are implicated in this phenomenon. Aerobic fitness moderates age-related RT slowing, although it is unknown whether fitness benefits earlier versus later stages of information-processing. To test these hypotheses, 40 younger and 43 older adults classified by level of aerobic fitness were tested using a visual oddball paradigm to assess behavioral measures of RT and accuracy along with the P3 wave and lateralized readiness potential (LRP) to index stimulus categorization and response selection and execution processes, respectively. Older adults had slower RT, decreased P3 amplitude, and increased P3 latency and LRP amplitude, suggestive of generalized age-related cognitive slowing decline. While aerobic fitness was significantly correlated with median RT and P3 latency across the entire sample, these correlations did not persist when adjusting for age. Subsequent moderation analysis also failed to support an influence of aerobic fitness on any of the cognitive outcomes. These findings indicate that, at least in simple discrimination tasks, aging is associated with slower processing that occurs proximal to stimulus categorization and extends to motor response and execution processing. These age-related deficits, however, are not moderated by aerobic fitness.
Donald Trump’s Fight Club Presidency

This chapter examines Mr. Trump’s combativeness and fight club presidency. That is an important element in his psychology and performs important functions in his presidential leadership and governing style. The chapter examines its early origins in Trump’s family life, its motivations and consequences including Trump’s search for recognition and respect, and its surprising impact on Trump’s sense of freedom and creativity. It also analyzes Trump’s first real adult political fight—about charges of housing discrimination as a template for his business and political career. The chapter concludes with an analysis of Trump’s fight club strategy for realizing his goal of the Politics of American Restoration and why that strategy has utility, but also drawbacks.
Experimental Modal Analysis of Double Tee Floors in a Fire Damaged Parking Deck for Post-Fire Vibration-Based Condition Assessment

Vibration-based structural health monitoring and damage detection has been long pursued as a multi-hazard tool for performance assessment and management of civil infrastructure. However, the majority of full-scale case studies have focused on the efficacy of vibration-based condition assessment to detect, localize, and quantify structural damage resulting from either overload or long-term deterioration mechanisms. To supplement the limited case studies of vibration-based condition assessment performed on fire damaged structures, experimental measurements obtained from a prestressed concrete parking deck following a large fire in an attached timber framed structure are presented. Experimental modal analysis was conducted on two elevations of prestressed concrete double tees in the parking deck using a stationary pair of shakers and a large array of uniaxial accelerometers. The two floor elevations were nominally identical in design, with one elevation featuring visible symptoms of localized fire damage across a portion of the span and the other exhibiting no visible evidence of fire damage. Impact echo testing was also performed on select double tees at each elevation to estimate reductions in the modulus of elasticity along the stems of each member. Coupled with camber measurements and visual condition surveys, the impact echo results are used to quantify the severity of the effects of the elevated temperatures on the double tees independent of the vibration-based condition assessment. Experimental estimates of the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes for each elevation are developed and compared to illustrate empirical evidence of localized structural damage in the modal parameters of the elevation affected by the fire. The results suggest that the changes in experimental modal parameters resulting from fire damage are distinct from those typically associated with fracture or other localized forms of structural damage resulting from overload or deterioration and may necessitate the development of unique strategies specific to fire damage within multi-hazard structural health monitoring applications.
Direct Inpatient Medical Costs of Operative Treatment of Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infections Are Twofold Higher Than Those of Aseptic Revisions.

BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are associated with substantial morbidity. A better understanding of the costs of PJI treatment can inform prevention, treatment, and reimbursement strategies. The purpose of the present study was to describe direct inpatient medical costs associated with the treatment of hip and knee PJI. METHODS At a single tertiary care institution, 176 hips and 266 knees that underwent 2-stage revisions for the treatment of PJI from 2009 to 2015 were compared with 1,611 hips and 1,276 knees that underwent revisions for aseptic indications. In addition, 84 hips and 137 knees that underwent irrigation and debridement (I&D) with partial component exchange were compared with 39 hips and 138 knees that underwent partial component exchange for aseptic indications. Line-item details of services billed during hospitalization were retrieved, and standardized direct medical costs were calculated in 2018 inflation-adjusted dollars. RESULTS The mean direct medical cost of 2-stage revision THA performed for the treatment of PJI was significantly higher than that of aseptic revision THA ($58,369 compared with $22,846, p < 0.001). Similarly, the cost of 2-stage revision TKA performed for the treatment of PJI was significantly higher than that of aseptic revision TKA ($56,900 compared with $24,630, p < 0.001). Even when the total costs of aseptic revisions were doubled for a representative comparison with 2-stage procedures, the costs of PJI procedures were 15% to 28% higher than those of the doubled costs of aseptic revisions (p < 0.001). The mean direct medical cost of I&D procedures for PJI was about twofold higher than of partial component exchange for aseptic indications. CONCLUSIONS The direct medical costs of operative treatment of PJI following THA and TKA are twofold higher than the costs of similar aseptic revisions. The high economic burden of PJI warrants efforts to reduce the incidence of PJI. Reimbursement schemes should account for the high costs of treating PJI in order to ensure sustainable patient care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Temple University Artifact Corpus: An Annotated Corpus of EEG Artifacts

The Neural Engineering Data Consortium has recently developed a new subset of its popular open source electroencephalogram (EEG) corpus - TUH EEG (TUEG) [1]. The TUEG Corpus is the world's largest open source corpus of EEG data and currently has over 3,300 subscribers. There are several valuable subsets of this data, including the TUH Seizure Detection Corpus (TUSZ) [2], which was featured in the Neureka 2020 Epilepsy Challenge [3]. In this poster, we present a new subset of the TUEG Corpus - the TU Artifact Corpus. This corpus contains 310 EEG files in which every artifact has been annotated. This data can be used to evaluate artifact reduction technology. Since TUEG is comprised of actual clinical data, the set of artifacts appearing in the data is rich and challenging.
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Before Lung Transplantation: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

Abstract Background Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is treatment option for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the second most common indication for lung transplantation (LTx) in the United States. Lung volume reduction surgery before LTx is controversial. Single-institution studies report contradicting results, and the impact of undergoing LVRS before LTx on outcomes after LTx is unclear. Methods We reviewed the United Network for Organ Sharing database for all adults (aged more than 18 years) who underwent first-time LTx for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the lung allocation score era. We used patient demographic and clinical characteristics and lung allocation score to propensity match patients who did and patients who did not undergo LVRS before LTx. The primary exposure was prior LVRS. The primary outcome was graft failure after LTx. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess outcomes. Results A total of 4905 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent LTx between May 2005 and March 2017. Of them, 107 patients (2.2%) underwent LVRS before LTx. Propensity matching generated 212 matches (106 LVRS+LTx, and 106 LTx only). Median survival was significantly longer in the LTx only cohort (6.5 vs 3.4 years, P = .034). Lung volume reduction surgery before lung transplantation was associated with significantly increased risk of graft failure after lung transplant (hazard ratio 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 2.60; P = .01). Conclusions In this national, propensity-matched analysis of LVRS before LTx, we show that LVRS is associated with a significantly increased risk of graft failure. Patients who undergo LVRS and remain in need of LTx should be carefully assessed and followed postoperatively.
Aging-Related Concerns of People Living with HIV Referred for Geriatric Consultation

Purpose People with HIV (PWH) are living longer lives and likely experiencing accentuated aging. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) has been proposed as a way to identify and help meet each individual patient's needs. Patients and methods We performed a retrospective review of the results of CGA in an HIV clinic in New York City. CGA included assessment of basic and instrumental activities of daily living, screens for depression, anxiety, frailty, cognition, and quality of life, along with general discussion of concerns and goals. We compared the group of PWH referred for CGA to those of comparable age who were not referred to determine the factors that were associated with referral. We carried out a descriptive analysis of those undergoing CGA, along with regression to determine factors associated with poorer PHQ-2 depression scores and higher VACS score. Results A total of 105 patients underwent full CGA during the study period. Mean age of referred patients was 66.5 years, ranging from 50 to 84 years (SD 7.99). More than 92% were virally suppressed. Compared with their non-referred counterparts over 50, referred patients were older and had more functional comorbidities like cerebrovascular disease, neuropathy, and urinary incontinence. More than half complained of fatigue, and 2/3 noted poor memory. Almost 60% were frail or prefrail. Ninety patients were asked about their goals, and the most commonly cited were related to health or finances; fifteen patients were unable to articulate any goals. Having fewer goals and noting weight loss or fatigue were predictive of higher scores on the PHQ-2 depression screen. Conclusion Although most older PWH undergoing CGA can manage their ADL, many have concerns and deficits beyond their comorbidities. CGA offers an important window into the psychosocial concerns and needs of older PWH.
Social vulnerability and fragmentation of postoperative surgical care among patients undergoing hepatopancreatic surgery

Abstract Background Regionalization of hepatopancreatic surgery to high-volume hospitals has been associated with fragmentation of postoperative care and, in turn, inferior outcomes after surgery. The objective of this study was to examine the association of social vulnerability with the likelihood of experiencing fragmentation of postoperative care (FPC) after hepatopancreatic surgery. Methods Patients who underwent hepatopancreatic surgery and had at least 1 readmission within 90 days were identified using Medicare 100% Standard Analytical Files between 2013 and 2017. Fragmentation of postoperative care was defined as readmission at a hospital other than the index institution where the initial surgery was performed. The association of social vulnerability index and its components with fragmentation of postoperative care was examined. Results Among 11,142 patients, 8,053 (72.3%) underwent pancreatectomy, and 3,089 (27.7%) underwent hepatectomy. The overall incidence of fragmentation of postoperative care was 32.9% (n = 3,667). Patients who experienced fragmentation of postoperative care were older (73 years [interquartile range: 69–77]FPC vs 72 years [interquartile range: 68–77]non-FPC) and had a higher Charlson comorbidity score (4 [interquartile range: 2–8]FPC vs 3 [interquartile range: 2–8]non-FPC) (both P Conclusion Social vulnerability was strongly associated with the odds of experiencing fragmented postoperative care after hepatopancreatic surgery.
A system for CBAF reconstitution reveals roles for BAF47 domains and BCL7 in nucleosome ejection

Canonical BAF (CBAF) is an essential 12-protein chromatin-remodeling complex that slides and/or ejects nucleosomes using the alternative catalytic ATP-dependent DNA translocases BRG1 or BRM. Currently, the regulation of BRG1/BRM activity and nucleosome ejection remain incompletely understood. To address this, we developed a system for full CBAF reconstitution and purification, and created a novel nucleosome ejection assay. ARID1A and DPF2 were dispensable for assembly and chromatin remodeling activity, contrasting with prior work. The actin-related protein BAF53A and β-actin components interacted and enhanced DNA translocation, and were required for BCL7A incorporation, which potentiated ejection. BAF47 also regulated ejection, utilizing two stimulatory domains and an autoinhibitory domain. Finally, we provide evidence for direct nucleosome ejection at low nucleosome density on closed circular arrays. Taken together, we provide powerful new tools for CBAF mechanistic investigation and reveal new roles for several CBAF components.
Still Native: The Significance of Native Americans in the History of the Twentieth-Century American West

W ehen Frederick Jackson Turner looked at American history in 1893 he considered Native Americans to be of little significance. He demonstrated more interest in the process of heroic, white yeomen hewing out a corridor of civilization in an environment that all but overwhelmed them, transforming them from immigrants into Americans. Indians were Indians, part of that wild frontier environment. They posed "a common danger" and served as "a consolidating agent in our history," faceless obstacles to be overcome and subdued in the process of westering.1 Common wisdom and events of the day seemed to justify Turner's perspective. After all, Indian populations were at their low ebb, a vanishing vestige of the frontier experience. Turner's contemporaries saw the breakup of Indian reservations and the final promise of assimilation through allotment and agrarian settlement as an eventuality-the ultimate realization of Euro-American belief in the unilinear progress of peoples from savagism to civility.2 One hundred years later, some Americans voice essentially the same attitudes-that modern Indians are unimportant in the larger picture; that they are obstacles in the development of the American West; that they must assimilate or disappear; and that the answer to the Indian problem again lies in abrogating their special relationship with the federal government.
Mineralogical modal analysis with the electron microprobe X-ray analyzer.

Combination of point counting and electron microprobe techniques in mineralogical planimetric integration analysis
Ultrasonic localization of the IUCD: a new technique.

With increased use of IUDs spontaneous expulsions grown. In suspected explusions there are 3 possibilities: true expulsion device in situ and peforation. Associated pregnancy is possible in all 3 cases. Roentgenography is not desirable if pregnancy is suspected. To locate IUDs ultrasonic scanning was done with a contact compound B-Scan unit (barium titanate transducer frequency 2 megacycles). This method was tested on 50 patients. Advantages are: true expulsions are seen and device can be reinserted; size and content of uterine cavity can be outlined; and early pregnancies are detectable preventing accidental insertions in these cases.
A Research on the Impacts of Tourism on Rural Household Income and Farm Enterprises: The Case of the Nevsehir Province of Turkey

This article is aimed at investigating the impact of tourism activities on the income and living conditions of rural households, and reflecting the views of both households and tourists on tourism related activities. An economic assessment of households that deal both with agriculture and tourism in the Nev¸sehir Province (Cappadocia) has been carried out based on primary survey data. Agriculture is the main economic activity in Nevsehir, and households generally have the characteristic structure of small family enterprises. While 59.8% of household labour forces are utilised in agriculture, 7.0% are engaged in tourism activities. The agricultural and tourism related activities, such as pottery making, handicrafts and lodging, are often in competition for the generally insufficient working capital of households, as well as time and labour. Total average household income in the region has been determined as $9,949, of which $7,315 (73.5%) is drawn from agriculture and $2,587 (26%) from tourism-related activities. Tourism cannot be regarded as an activity that constitutes an alternative to agriculture, but rather a complementary source of income.
Characterization of the power handling capability of an S-band double disc gas cooled microwave window

Summary form only given. The S-Band double disc microwave window comprises a rectangular waveguide to circular pillbox transition with two separate high purity, TiN coated alumina discs brazed into the pillbox. The geometrical dimensions are optimized for minimum electromagnetic wave reflection at a microwave frequency of 2.85 GHz in TE/sub 10/ mode. The window is designed for power levels up to a few 100 MW with several microseconds pulse duration. Crucial for the power handling capability is the gas species and pressure of the gas flow applied for cooling the alumina discs.
Flame Processes-Theoretical and Experimental

Publisher Summary A flame may propagate within a combustible mixture prepared ahead of time or it may be associated with a zone of mixing-premixed or diffusion flames. The flame zone may be laminar or turbulent, and the flow may be subsonic or supersonic. Gases, liquids, and solids may be involved in a variety of combinations as fuel or product. The study of flame processes is a good example of the interplay between experiment and theory and between practical and fundamental approaches to a problem. Because burning velocity determines heat release, the design of a burner depends on knowledge of this parameter. The variation of burning velocity with pressure and temperature was used to derive parameters in various correlating theories for predicting velocities of new mixtures. The goal of the research was then changed, and measured flame velocities were used as experimental verification of the postulates of the theories of flame propagation. The various theories involve either integration of a set of differential equations or their approximate solution. At the present time, flame theory is so highly developed that composition and temperature profiles can be determined for a system with fairly complicated kinetics, and even more complex kinetic might be analyzed in the future. Experimentation within flame zones has resulted in an understanding of reactions in hydrocarbon flames that could not have been previously predicted
Retinal pigment epithelial tumor in a young Asian female.

Purpose To report a case of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in a young Asian woman. Methods Interventional case report with histopathologic correlation. Results A 28-year-old Asian woman with a year-long history of floaters presented with a dark pigmented lesion in the right eye. Partial lamellar sclerouvectomy was performed and histopathology revealed a retina pigment epithelial neoplasm consistent with a low-grade adenocarcinoma. The patient responded well to the surgery with no complications. Conclusions Neoplasms of RPE are rare but must be differentiated from choroidal melanoma, as they do not tend to metastasize. Local resection can be a good option for peripheral RPE tumors.
ACCUMULATION AND RETENTION OF LEAD BY CATTAIL (TYPHA DOMINGENSIS), HYDRILLA (HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA), AND DUCKWEED (LEMNA OBSCURA)

Investigation of lead levels in Delaney Creek, which flows through a former lead-acid battery manufacturing and disposal site in Tampa, FL, revealed low but significant lead levels in the water and sediments along the creek, Known phytoaccumulator plants populate certain locations within the creek and adjacent wetlands. Three representative plants from the study site--cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Royle), and duckweed (Lemna obscura L.)--were investigated for their potential to remove lead from contaminated waters under the controlled conditions of a phytotron room. The plants were collected at the site and cultured in hydroponic medium under conditions that mimicked their natural environment (26 degrees C and 80% humidity). Results indicate that, of the three species, duckweed and hydrilla achieve high lead removal efficiencies after a short exposure period (98% removal using hydrilla, 97% with duckweed after one week of exposure) while cattail appears to be less efficient than the other two species. The kinetic rates of lead removal were studied for Lemna obscura.