cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automatic Path Migration over InfiniBand: Early Experiences

High computational power of commodity PCs combined with the emergence of low latency and high bandwidth interconnects has escalated the trends of cluster computing. Clusters with InfiniBand are being deployed, as reflected in the TOP 500 Supercomputer rankings. However, increasing scale of these clusters has reduced the mean time between failures (MTBF) of components. Network component is one such component of clusters, where failure of network interface cards (NICs), cables and/or switches breaks existing path(s) of communication. InfiniBand provides a hardware mechanism, automatic path migration (APM), which allows user transparent detection and recovery from network fault(s), without application restart. In this paper, we design a set of modules; which work together for providing network fault tolerance for user level applications leveraging the APM feature. Our performance evaluation at the MPI layer shows that APM incurs negligible overhead in the absence of faults in the system. In the presence of network faults, APM incurs negligible overhead for reasonably long running applications.
Reciprocal inhibition in Parkinson's disease

We studied the inhibition of median H-reflex by conditioning stimuli on the radial nerve in 14 normal controls, 6 patients with unilateral and 1 patient with predominantly left-sided Parkinson's disease. In normal controls, the electrophysiological studies were performed on their right hands, yet both hands were examined in patient group. In the controls, we identified three inhibitory phases, with maximal inhibition at conditioning-test intervals of 0 ms (41.66 +/- 4.73%), 20 ms (45.19 +/- 4.33%), and 100 ms (44.55 +/- 6.84%), respectively. In the less- or a- symptomatic side of the patient group, the inhibitory patterns are similar to those of the controls. However, in the symptomatic arms, loss of inhibition, or even mild potentiation, was observed in the third inhibitory phase. When the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides of patients were compared, in contrast to the striking phenomenon found between symptomatic side and the controls, no difference was observed in the third phase. The current results imply that, although no obvious rigidity can be detected on the asymptomatic sides, subtle functional corruption may have occurred within the contralateral basal ganglia in patients with unilateral Parkinson's disease. The remarkable change of the third phase on the symptomatic sides of patients suggests the perturbation of the polysynaptic long latency reflex pathway may somehow play a role in the rigidity pathogenesis.
Incorporation of uracil-2-C14 into the nucleic acids of Neurospora crassa.

The pyrimidine-deficient mutant (1298) of Neurospora crassa, utilizes erotic acid, uracil, uridine, or cytidine for growth, but neither cytosine nor thymine (1). It seems likely, therefore, that this mutant can convert erotic acid and uracil to the pyrimidine bases of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid, and can utilize the nucleoside directly for ribonucleic acid biosynthesis and for conversion to deoxycytidine and thymidine of deoxyribonucleic acid. As the latter two nucleosides have not been studied before as possible growth supplements in pyrimidine-deficient Neurospora, it has not been determined previously whether these compounds might also function as sources of pyrimidine components for RNA, or for DNA, or for both types of nucleic acids. Recently, from experiments with uniformly labeled C14-cytidine in the pyrimidine-deficient Neurospora mutant 36601, McNutt (2) has demonstrated that this nucleoside is incorporated into RNA and is also converted to uridine, deoxycytidine, and thymidine. A surprising result, however, was that the specific activities of the nucleosides isolated from the recovered RNA and DNA were only about 70% of that of the starting cytidine. It was concluded that this mutant has a considerable capacity for synthesizing the pyrimidine nucleosides, even though provided with an outside pyrimidine source. By studying the incorporation of uracil-2-W into the nucleic acids of the mutant 1298, it seemed possible to determine whether uracil utilization was the only pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis in this organism, or whether some other pathway might also be involved. In the latter event the pyrimidine components of RNA and DNA would be expected to show decreased specific activities as compared to that of the initial uracil-2-C14. Similarly, if deoxycytidine or thymidine were utilized for DNA synthesis only, it should be possible to label RNA specifically with uracil-2-C14. In the present paper we have studied the availability of deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, and thymidine for growth of mutant 1298, as well as the supplementary growth effects of the above nucleosides and of uridine and cytidine, in the presence of a minimal amount of uracil. The utilization of uracil-2-Cl4 for the formation of uracil, cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine,
Late-night presentation of an auditory stimulus phase delays human circadian rhythms.

Although light is considered the primary entrainer of circadian rhythms in humans, nonphotic stimuli, including exercise and melatonin also phase shift the biological clock. Furthermore, in birds a...
Living tert-butyllithium initiated anionic polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene in toluene-tetrahydrofuran mixtures

The tert-butyllithium (t-BuLi) initiated polymerization of carefully purified 2-vinylnaphthalene in toluene containing small amounts of tetrahydrofuran with respect to t-BuLi proceeds on a timescale of several hours without significant deactivation and allows the synthesis of very narrow molecular weight distribution poly-(2-vinylnaphthalene) (P2VN) (polydispersities as low as 1.04) and molecular weights between 1000 and 20,000. The absence of P2VN-Li deactivation at these conditions is also indicated by high degrees of trimethylsilyl end functionalization (>95%) and coupling with dibromoxylene. The respective polymerizations of conventionally purified monomer reveal a complex polymerization profile consistent with deactivation by 2-acetyl-naphthalene during the early stages of the reaction.
LUNG DEVELOPMENT | Congenital Vascular Disorders

Congenital vascular and lymphatic disorders of the lung include vascular sling anomaly, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, scimitar syndrome, diffuse pulmonary lymphangiectasia, and diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis. The pathogenesis of most pulmonary vascular anomalies is not known, but developmental abnormalities in early organogenesis are postulated. Pulmonary vascular abnormalities are usually associated with other congenital abnormalities. These anomalies are rarely diagnosed prenatally. Symptoms begin in infancy or childhood. Diagnosis is made by history, physical examination, radiologic examination, and angiography. Current therapy consists of complex medical and surgical management.
Trapping Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Nurseries with Acetic Acid and Isobutanol

Abstract European hornet, Vespa crabro L., damages bark of nursery trees, and most vespid species can be a sting hazard to nursery personnel when nests are disturbed. We tested acetic acid and isobutanol lures in traps for V. crabro spring queens to determine the seasonality of vespid captures and compare the efficacy of patterns of trap placement in Tennessee nurseries. Forty traps in transects from nursery tree blocks into the forest captured 547 vespid queens during 2001 and 2002. These were 78.8% Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), 6.9% Vespula squamosa (Drury), 6.8% V. crabro, 4.8% Dolichovespula maculata (L.), 2.6% Vespula flavopilosa Jacobson, and 0.2% Vespula vidua (Saussure). Total worker and male wasp captures in these traps were 2525 and 28, respectively. Polistes spp. (n = 416) were also trapped. Peak queen trap catch was in April for V. crabro and V. maculifrons and in May for other Vespula. Numbers of worker wasps captured were greater within nursery blocks or at field-forest edges compared with ...
New diagnostic methods for pneumonia in the ICU

Purpose of reviewPneumonia leading to severe sepsis and critical illness including respiratory failure remains a common and therapeutically challenging diagnosis. Current clinical approaches to surveillance, early detection, and conventional culture-based microbiology are inadequate for optimal targ
Spin Degrees of Freedom in Compton Scattering

The next generation of Compton scattering experiments is underway at Mainz and other laboratories, where the goal is precision measurements of the scalar and vector polarizabilities of the nucleon using polarized photons and polarized targets. Results are presented for the first double polarized Compton scattering experiment utilizing a polarized proton target. Preliminary results are presented for the four spin polarizabilities of the proton.
Abnormal regulation of venous alanine after glucose ingestion in myotonic dystrophy

1. The concentration of amino acids in whole blood was measured before and during standard 5 h oral glucose tolerance testing in six male patients with myotonic dystrophy and five normal males. The plasma levels of insulin and glucose were also determined. 2. From 90 to 240 min after glucose ingestion there was a striking decline in venous alanine concentration in the patients with myotonic dystrophy in contrast to a slight rise in alanine in the normal group. 3. The patients displayed normal glucose tolerance, and there was a sustained fall in the venous concentration of the insulin-sensitive amino acids comparable with that seen in the normal controls. However, the patients showed a threefold increase of plasma insulin after glucose. 4. These data indicate an abnormal regulation of alanine in myotonic dystrophy which may be the result of an alteration in muscle synthesis of this amino acid. This defect in alanine synthesis may be due to a decreased availability of intracellular pyruvate caused by the insulin resistance that exists in these patients.
Section 7: Vibrations of Plates

In most of the motions of a plate (as also in those of a bell and of a taut membrane), the changes in shape cannot be expressed by linear curves, as in the transverse vibrations of other sounding bodies, but by curved surfaces, differently in different directions; and the nodes are not the motionless points but motionless lines, which one can call nodal lines.
The role of sodium ions in the solubility of peptides

The importance of water quality is often stressed for various reasons: health concerns, environmental conservation, and ecological preservation, but the needs of the research chemist often go missing from this list. With the plight of the research chemist in mind, this particular study focuses on the ionic content of water and its effects on peptide structure. WKWK, a well-studied peptide that is typically highly structured and soluble in aqueous solution, was found not to be soluble in filtered water available from a local source. Because this observation differs from all previous studies with this peptide, the water content was studied via ICP-MS. The results conclude that a high sodium cation concentration causes the peptide’s insolubility. Subsequent quantum chemical computations on smaller model systems have determined that sodium ions bind to the tryptophan residues in the peptide and cause the requisite stabilizing interaction between the tryptophan and lysine residues in WKWK to be lost. The sodium cation competes with the lysine in the peptide, resulting in the dissociation of the lysine and the unfolding of the peptide. The high sodium ion concentration effectively unfolds a typically structured peptide. While this result highlights the significance of water quality as well as ionic content and their effects on peptide structure and function, it also indicates that atomic cations may be useful for controlling similar peptides in future binding studies.
“Torturing Data until They Confess”: An Analysis of the Analysis of the Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness:

No two humans are intrinsically identical. Consequently, all creative efforts deserve to be seriously evaluated on the basis of individual exclusivity. … As we look to the future, more individuals are going to demand individual creative outlets. It becomes our responsibility to make available to every individual the opportunities for constructive growth.
Picowatt gas sensing and resistance switching in tunneling nano-gap electrodes

Functionalized engineered nanogap electrodes (pair of electrodes separated by a gap of a few nanometers) are utilized as tunneling chemoresistors for gas sensing and resistance switching at the molecular scale. The nanogap device consists of two gold electrodes vertically separated by a very thin spacer of 2 nm of α-Si and ∼4 nm of dielectric (SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 ). A ∼10 nm wide sidewall air gap is formed by etching the spacer along the edge of the electrodes followed by linker functionalization. After exposure to a gaseous chemical target (1,5-Diaminopentane), the target gas molecules adsorb onto the linker-coated surface bridging the two electrodes and establish an electrically conductive path. Preliminary electrical measurements indicate a nearly reversible decrease of electrical resistance between five to seven orders of magnitude when exposed to the target. The large change in resistance and the high value of resistance in air makes this device suitable as a candidate for a gas-triggered on-off switch with pW standby power consumption.
Opioid Utilization by Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease and the Risk of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Abstract Background Pregnant women with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. There are limited data on the outcome of the treatment of VOCs with opioids in relation to neonatal complications during pregnancy. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of women with SCD from January 1999 to December 2008. Women with SCD were identified by ICD-9 codes and matched 2:1 to a control group of women on methadone for opioid dependence. The primary outcome was the rate of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Secondary outcomes included the mean NAS score prior to treatment and the length of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results Twenty-one women with SCD who delivered a total of 23 neonates were included. The rate of NAS among infants born to women with SCD who were treated with opioids at any time was 22% compared to 54% in the methadone controls (p = .010). The rate of NAS was 27% among infants born to women taking opioids daily compared to 54% in the methadone control group (p = .062). Conclusions Neonates born to women with SCD who are treated with daily opioids are at a similar risk for developing NAS as those born to mothers on methadone for opioid dependence. Neonates born to women with SCD treated with episodic opioids are at a significantly lower risk for developing NAS than those born to women on methadone for opioid dependence.
Structural Changes of Zn(II)bleomycin Complexes When Bound to DNA Hairpins Containing the 5′-GT-3′ and 5′-GC-3′ Binding Sites, Studied through NMR Spectroscopy

Bleomycins are antitumor antibiotics that can chelate a metal center and cause site-specific DNA cleavage at 5'-Gpyrimidine-3' regions of DNA. These antibiotics are successful in the treatment of various cancers, but are known to cause pulmonary fibrosis to patients under bleomycin regimes. Substantial research has resulted in the development of over 300 bleomycin analogs, aiming to improve the therapeutic index of the drug. Previous studies have proposed that the lung toxicity caused by bleomycin is related to the C-terminal regions of these drugs, which have been shown to closely interact with DNA in metal-bleomycin-DNA complexes. Some of the research studying metallo-bleomycin-DNA interactions have suggested three different binding modes of the metal form of the drug to DNA, including total and/or partial intercalation, and minor groove binding. However, there is still lack of consensus regarding this matter, and solid conclusions on the subject have not yet been established. Previously we investigated the diverse levels of disruption caused to DNA hairpins containing 5'-GC-3' and 5'-GT-3' binding sites, which are consequence of the binding of bleomycins with different C-termini. The results of these investigation indicate that both the DNA-binding site and the bleomycin C-termini have an impact on the final conformations of drug and target. The present study focuses on the structural alterations exhibited by Zn(II)bleomycin-A2, -B2, -A5 and Zn(II)peplomycin upon binding to DNA hairpins containing 5'-GC-3' and 5'-GT-3' binding sites. Evidence that each Zn(II)bleomycin is structurally affected depending on both its C-terminus and the DNA-binding site present in the hairpin is provided.
Association between coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Abstract Aim The aim of our study was to assess the impact of coronary angiography (CAG) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) without ST-elevation (STE). Methods Prospective observational study of adult (age ≥ 18) OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology from 1/01/2010–12/31/2014 admitted to one of 40 recognized cardiac receiving centers within a statewide resuscitation network. Results Among 11,976 cases, 1881 remained for analysis after exclusions. Of the 1230 non-STE cases, 524 (43%) underwent CAG with resultant PCI in 157 (30%). Survival in non-STE cases was: 56% in cases without CAG; 82% in cases with CAG but without PCI; and 78% in those with PCI (p Conclusion In OHCA without STE, CAG was strongly and independently associated with survival regardless of whether PCI was performed. The association between CAG and positive outcomes remained after propensity matching.
Testing of the EPA Toxicity Identification Evaluation Protocol in the Textile Dye Manufacturing Industry

The case study for evaluating the EPA Toxicity Identification Evaluation protocol was a textile dye manufacturing plant that suspected chloride as the major source of toxicity. Phase I of the protocol, together with some additional experiments, was successful in showing that one-third to one-half of the toxicity was due to chloride and the rest was due to nonpolar organic compounds. From 41 to 78 organic chemicals were found in toxic fractions using the EPA Phase II test procedures; these included dyes, dye intermediates, process chemicals such as surfactants and possibly metabolic by-products of waste treatment. A major component of Surfynol, a widely used surfactant, was present in concentrations much higher than any other chemical in the toxic fractions of all three samples analyzed. However, the concentration was still considerably less than the LC 50 (mg/L) and thus could not explain whole effluent toxicity. Instead, more than one organic chemical may be involved.
The Dynamics of Group Behavior

Most current research on social behavior is concerned with individual behavior. A conplementary approach is concerned with the dynamics of group behavior: what do groups do, and how do patterns in group behavior respond to environmental change? I describe an investigation of the dynamics of group behavior in harvester ants. In this work, the colony’s daily round of social activities is the basic unit of group behavior. Perturbation experiments are used to explore the dynamics of the daily round, or how colony organization responds to environmental change. This approach can be extended to other animal societies. As examples, questions about the dynamics of group behavior are drawn from the literature on fish schools and primate troops. The concept of a behavioral niche is discussed, based on patterns in group behavior and the flexibilities of these patterns.
THE CASE AGAINST CAUSAL MODELING

This chapter presents the case against causal modeling in artificial intelligence and nonexperimental science. Causal modeling of nonexperimental data has been controversial since its beginning, and it is no less controversial today. The controversies are very philosophical, and they involve fundamental differences about what makes for science. The social and behavioral sciences are inevitably compared with the natural sciences, and disputes about methodology in social and behavioral science are often disputes about what it is that has made the natural sciences so successful in understanding, predicting, and controlling the physical world. The chapter discusses the following criticisms of causal modeling: (1) causal modeling involves a mistaken, or incoherent, conception of causal relations; (2) theories with latent variables should be rejected on methodological or semantic grounds; (3) only experimental data can contribute to the knowledge of causal relationships; (4) those who advocate causal models do not, and presumably cannot, make a case for the assumptions of their models; and (5) linear causal models should be rejected because they are always literally false.
Judaism in Newton’s History of Early Religion

So then the first religion was the most rational of all others till the nations corrupted it. For there is no way {(wthout revelation)} to come to ye knowledge of a Deity but by the frame of nature. (Sir Isaac Newton, MS. Yahuda 41, p. 7r)
Computed tomography in ossification of the posterior longitudinal spinal ligament

A patient with cervical myelopathy was found to have extensive ossification within the posterior longitudinal ligament. Computed tomography of the spine was of value for precisely defining the degree of narrowing of the spinal canal. The nature of this disease entity is discussed.
Model interatomic potentials and lattice strain in a high-entropy alloy

A set of embedded atom method model interatomic potentials is presented to represent a high-entropy alloy with five components. The set is developed to resemble but not model precisely face-centered cubic (fcc) near-equiatomic mixtures of Fe–Ni–Cr–Co–Cu. The individual components have atomic sizes deviating up to 3%. With the heats of mixing of all binary equiatomic random fcc mixtures being less than 0.7 kJ/mol and the corresponding value for the quinary being −0.0002 kJ/mol, the potentials predict the random equiatomic fcc quinary mixture to be stable with respect to phase separation or ordering and with respect to bcc and hcp random mixtures. The details of lattice distortion, strain, and stress states in this phase are reported. The standard deviation in the individual nearest neighbor bond lengths was found to be in the range of 2%. Most importantly, individual atoms in the alloy were found to be under atomic strains up to 0.5%, corresponding to individual atomic stresses up to several GPa.
Interleukin-6 Contributes to the Development of Anemia in Juvenile CKD.

Introduction Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children; however, the role of inflammation in its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Methods To elucidate the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in renal anemia, we induced CKD by adenine diet in juvenile wild-type (WT) and IL-6 deficient (Il6KO) mice, and examined serum IL-6 and relevant parameters in children with CKD. Results WT-CKD mice developed anemia despite increases in serum erythropoietin and displayed low serum iron and elevated serum IL-6. IL-6 deficiency resulted in a significant improvement of red blood cell count and hemoglobin in CKD mice. This effect was associated with improvement of hypoferremia by Il6 deletion, likely mediated by hepcidin. However, correction of hypoferremia by oral iron supplementation in WT-CKD mice did not fully replicate the protective effects of Il6 deletion, suggesting an additional iron-independent role for IL-6 in CKD-anemia. Indeed, Il6 deletion mitigated the severity of renal fibrosis and alleviated relative erythropoietin insufficiency in CKD mice. Cytokine profiling in a pediatric CKD cohort demonstrated that of 10 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-γ), only IL-6 was significantly (inversely) associated with hemoglobin when adjusted for glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The association between IL-6 and hemoglobin in children with CKD remained significant after adjustment for CKD stage, iron therapy, and hepcidin. Discussion IL-6 contributes to development of anemia in juvenile CKD, through mechanisms that include induction of hypoferremia, aggravation of renal fibrosis, and alteration of the erythropoietin axis. IL-6 appears to be a promising therapeutic target in the management of CKD-anemia.
Voluntary wheel running: a useful rodent model for investigating mechanisms of stress robustness and exercise motivation

Despite evidence that exercise reduces the negative impacts of stressor exposure and promotes stress robustness, health and well-being, most people fail to achieve recommended levels of physical activity. One reason for this failure could be our fundamental lack of understanding the brain motivational and motor circuits underlying voluntary exercise behavior. Wheel running is an animal model used to reveal mechanisms of exercise-induced stress robustness. Here, we detail the strengths and weakness of wheel running as a model; and propose that running begins as a purposeful, goal-directed behavior that becomes habitual with continued access. This fresh perspective could aid in the development of novel strategies to motivate and sustain exercise behavior and maximize the stress-robust phenotype.
Evaluation of a Preclerkship Learning Community Model for Delivering Clinical Skills Curriculum

Background:Medical schools are increasingly using learning communities (LCs) for clinical skills curriculum delivery despite little research on LCs employed for this purpose. We evaluated an LC mod...
P84 Parent/Caregiver Perceptions of Youth Health Outcomes After Participating in the WeCook: Fun with Food and Fitness Program

Objective To assess whether adult involvement in a youth cooking intervention program resulted in improvements of adult perceptions of youth nutrition and activity knowledge and behaviors and family-related outcomes. A second objective was to examine adult responses for differences by income, food assistance use, and household size. Use of Theory or Research Many strategies for childhood obesity prevention have included experiential cooking programs involving parents in various ways. However, evidence is lacking on parent involvement, perceptions, and outcomes. Target Audience Fourth and 5th grade youth at two Title I elementary schools and their families. Program Description The WeCook: Fun with Food and Fitness program was a 12-week, out-of-school time food preparation, nutrition and physical activity program that also engaged families in a comprehensive, multifaceted approach. Evaluation Methods Pre- and post-surveys were administered to youth and their parent/caregiver. Sixty matched youth and adult surveys were included in the analysis. The program was a treatment-only design. Results Results demonstrated a significant increase in adults’ perceptions of their youth's ability to choose healthy snacks and be more active. Further analysis demonstrated significant differences between adult reported demographic characteristics. Lower income adults reported increased youth sedentary habits, adults using food assistance reported decreased family breakfast frequency, and adults with smaller household sizes reported decreased youth activity before school. Youth reported increases in their nutrition and physical activity knowledge, ability to choose healthy snacks, and consumption of sweets post-program. Adult and youth responses at post-assessment were positively correlated in the areas of healthy eating and activity behaviors, such as the perceived ability of youth to eat fruit and healthy snacks, choose water instead of sweetened beverages, and be active after school. Conclusions Further research is needed on adult and family outcomes from youth cooking programs to understand the adult and youth health relationship and encourage obesity prevention programs to increase their focus on the family component and associated assessments. Funding USDA.
NFAT5/TonEBP controls early acquisition of notochord phenotypic markers, collagen composition, and sonic hedgehog signaling during mouse intervertebral disc embryogenesis.

High osmolarity, bound water, and hydrostatic pressure contribute to notochord mechanics and its morphogenesis into the nucleus pulposus (NP) compartment of the intervertebral disc. Indeed, the osmoadaptive transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5 aka TonEBP), is robustly expressed by resident cells of the notochord and NP. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms that drive notochord osmoregulation and the functions of NFAT5 in disc embryogenesis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we show that deletion of NFAT5 in mice results in delayed vertebral column development and a reduced NP aspect ratio in the caudal spine. This phenotype is associated with lower levels of the T-box transcription factor, Brachyury, delayed expression of notochord phenotypic markers, and decreased collagen II deposition in the perinotochordal sheath and condensing mesenchyme. In addition, NFAT5 mutants showed a stage-dependent dysregulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling with non-classical expression of Gli1. Generation of mice with notochord-specific deletion of IFT88 (ShhcreERT2;Ift88f/f) supported this mode of Gli1 regulation. Using isolated primary NP cells and bioinformatics approaches, we further show that Ptch1 and Smo expression is controlled by NFAT5 in a cell autonomous manner. Altogether, our results demonstrate that NFAT5 contributes to notochord and disc embryogenesis through its regulation of hallmark notochord phenotypic markers, extracellular matrix, and Shh signaling.
Effects of climate change on the distributional potential of three range-restricted West African bird species

A detailed understanding of species' responses to global climate change provides an informative baseline for designing conservation strategies to optimize protection of biodiversity. However, such information is either limited or not available for many tropical species, making it difficult to incorporate climate change into conservation planning for most tropical species. Here, we used correlative ecological niche models to assess potential distributional responses of 3 range-restricted West African birds, Timneh Parrot (Pscittacus erithracus timneh), Ballman's Malimbe (Malimbus ballmanni), and White-necked Rockfowl (Picathartes gymnocephalus), to global climate change. We used primary biodiversity occurrence records for each species obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, eBird, and VertNet; for environmental data, we used climatic variables for the present and future, the latter characterized by 2 IPCC representative concentration pathways (4.5, 8.5) future emissions scenarios and 27 general circulation models for a 2050 time horizon. We found broad present–day potential distributions with respect to climate for all 3 species. Future potential distributions for Ballman's Malimbe and White-necked Rockfowl tended to be stable and closely similar to their present-day distributions; by contrast, we found marked climate change–driven potential range loss across the range of Timneh Parrot. Our results suggest that impacts of climate change on the present distributions of West African birds will in some cases be minimal, but that individual species may respond differently to future conditions. Thus, to optimize conservation of these species, and of bird diversity in general, we recommend that regional-to-national species conservation action plans incorporate climate change adaptation strategies for individual species; ecological niche models could provide an informative baseline information for this planning and prioritization.
ON THE S1 × S2 HOMFLY-PT INVARIANT AND LEGENDRIAN LINKS

In [On the HOMFLY-PT skein module of S1 × S2, Math. Z. 237(4) (2001) 769–814], Gilmer and Zhong established the existence of an invariant for links in S1 × S2 which is a rational function in variables a and s and satisfies the HOMFLY-PT skein relations. We give formulas for evaluating this invariant in terms of a standard, geometrically simple basis for the HOMFLY-PT skein module of the solid torus. This allows computation of the invariant for arbitrary links in S1 × S2 and shows that the invariant is in fact a Laurent polynomial in a and z = s – s-1. Our proof uses connections between HOMFLY-PT skein modules and invariants of Legendrian links. As a corollary, we extend HOMFLY-PT polynomial estimates for the Thurston–Bennequin number to Legendrian links in S1 × S2 with its tight contact structure.
Parent-child conversations and the socialization of moral autonomy in a progressive Protestant church community

Much of the previous work on culture and moral reasoning development has focused on the cultural content of moral reasoning, demonstrating how moral autonomy, which emphasizes justice and individua...
Nutritional Care for Patients with Ebola Virus Disease

During the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014-2016 in West Africa, practitioners faced challenges providing nutritional care for patients in Ebola treatment units (ETUs). The current EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo demonstrates the need to understand lessons learned from previous outbreaks and to update nutritional guidelines. We conducted a literature review to identify articles that included nutrition as an integral part of supportive care. We found little information on the specific nutritional care or practical challenges within an ETU. This review showed that nutritional care for EVD patients is poorly described, and therefore the optimal composition and implementation of nutritional care remain unknown. We recommend that researchers and practitioners share specific and practical details of their experiences in providing nutritional support within ETUs to expand the knowledge base and ultimately improve the nutritional care for an increasingly prevalent patient population.
Violent buckling benefits galactic bars

Galactic bars are unstable to a vertical buckling instability which heats the disk and in some cases forms a boxy/peanut shaped bulge. We analyze the buckling instability as an application of classical Euler buckling followed by nonlinear gravitational Landau damping in the collisionless system. We find that the buckling instability is dictated by the kinematic properties and geometry of the bar. The analytical result is compared to simulations of isolated galaxies containing the disk and dark matter components. Our results demonstrate that violent buckling does not destroy bars while a less energetic buckling can dissolve the bar. The disks that undergo gentle buckling remain stable to bar formation which may explain the observed bar fraction in the local universe. Our results align with the results from recent surveys.
High-Resolution Ultrasound and MRI Imaging of Peroneal Tendon Injuries

Imaging of patients with suspected peroneal tendon disorders should include weight-bearing radiographs of the ankle and foot as they are useful for the detection of avulsion fractures and for the evaluation of cavovarus alignment. Advance imaging in the form of MRI or ultrasound imaging is often needed to differentiate between peroneal tendonitis (tendinosis and/or tenosysnovitis), tears, and subluxation. MRI has the advantages of supplying information about a wide array of related and concomitant conditions and being useful for pre-operative planning. In contrast, US is a less time consuming and less costly exam which provides equivalent diagnostic accuracy for tears and is superior in the detection of tendon subluxation. Both modalities are capable of providing information about the presence of the anatomic variants including low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly, os peroneum, peroneus quartus, and hypertrophied peroneal tubercle.
Risk Factors for and Outcomes Associated With Peri-Intubation Hypoxemia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

Background:Little is known about hypoxemia surrounding endotracheal intubation in the critically ill. Thus, we sought to identify risk factors associated with peri-intubation hypoxemia and its effe...
Description of the NASA Urban Air Mobility Maturity Level (UML) Scale

As part of its assessment of the nascent passenger-carrying urban air mobility (UAM) ecosystem, NASA’s UAM Coordination and Assessment Team developed a framework known as the UAM Maturity Level (UML) scale. This framework is intended to have multiple applications including: 1) insight into the likely operational capabilities as a UAM air transportation system develops over time; 2) analysis of technology and regulatory requirements associated with the UAM maturation process; 3) assessment of the current maturity of various segments of the UAM ecosystem; 4) coordination of UAM ecosystem priorities and areas of emphasis; and 5) increasing community and public awareness of UAM and how it may affect mobility in the future. This paper describes the structure of the UML scale and its levels. The paper also describes candidate strategies for advancing between levels, along with associated regulatory gaps and considerations.
What you don't Know Won't Hurt me: Costly (but quiet) Exit in a Dictator Game

We used simple economic games to examine pro-social behavior and the lengths that people will take in order to avoid engaging in it. Over two studies, we found that about one third of participants were willing to exit a $10 dictator game and take $9 instead. The exit option left the receiver nothing, but also ensured that the receiver never knew that a dictator game was to be played. Because most social utility models are defined over monetary outcomes, they cannot explain choosing the ($9, $0) exit outcome over the dominating $10 dictator game, since the game includes outcomes of ($10, $0) and ($9, $1). We also studied exiting using a private dictator game. In the private game, the receiver never knew about the game or from where any money was received. Gifts in this game were added innocuously to a payment for a separate task. Almost no dictators exited from the private game, indicating that receivers' beliefs are the key factor in the decision to exit. When, as in the private game, the receivers' beliefs and expectations cannot be manipulated by exit, exit is seldom taken. We conclude that giving often reflects a desire not to violate others' expectations rather than a concern for others' welfare per se. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding ethical decisions and for testing and modeling social preferences. An adequate specification of social preferences should include "psychological" payoffs that directly incorporate beliefs about actions into the utility function.
What's in a game: game-theoretic analysis for third party planning

Game-theoretic analysis allows for systematic analysis of complex adversarial situations modelled as extensive form games. Counterfactual regret minimization, the leading game-theoretic framework used to solve extensive form games, is generally used to develop improved and unexploitable decision agents. This paper focuses on the third-party planner – an agent with a stake in the outcome of a game yet have no agency within the game. Third-party planners include game organizers trying to anticipate game situations for broadcast and planning, those providing logistical support to the players, or anyone else who might interact with the game environment. While projecting game flow might in general be quite difficult, the problem becomes tractable if the players are sufficiently sophisticated as to follow an approximate equilibrium solution. This paper demonstrates how counterfactual regret minimization can assist third party planners under these circumstances.
COMPARISON OF 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT WITH CONVENTIONAL IMAGING IN LOCALIZATION OF BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER

1571 Introduction: 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT (PSMA) imaging is being increasingly used in select centers across United States for localizing biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer as well as for initial staging. This study investigates the detection rate of PSMA imaging as compared to conventional imaging in the assessment of disease sites in BCR prostate cancer. Methods: 250 patients were enrolled in a prospective study of 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT imaging for detection of disease sites in BCR prostate cancer. A post-hoc retrospective analysis of 101 patients with available conventional imaging data prior to PSMA imaging was performed. Conventional imaging consisted of computer tomography (59), magnetic resonance imaging (29), bone scan (70) (Sodium Fluoride PET=10, 99mTc-MDP bone scan= 60), and/or other PET-CT scans (23) (11C-choline=7, 11C-acetate=1, FDG=4, Axumin=4, PSMA=7) obtained within 6 months of the current PSMA scan. 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT was performed after oral and IV contrast application unless contraindicated. Clinical reads were used to define positivity on a patient-based analysis. Results: Mean patient age was 68 years (range 48-83), median PSA 2.4 ng/mL (range 0.05-72.5). 21 of the 101 patients (21%) had positive findings on conventional imaging with all positive findings being confirmed on PSMA imaging. Conventional imaging demonstrated 66 negative results out of which 54 patients (82%) had positive findings on PSMA imaging. 12 patients with negative scans on conventional imaging were confirmed to be negative on PSMA imaging. This results in a concordance of findings in 33 patients out of 87 patients with definitive findings on conventional imaging (38%). In addition, 14 patients had equivocal findings on conventional imaging. PSMA imaging was positive in 12 and negative in 2 patients. Overall, PSMA imaging detected unknown sites of recurrent disease in half of the cohort (54%) and clarified equivocal findings on conventional imaging in 14 % of patients. Conclusions: PSMA imaging detected unknown sites of disease in more than half of patients with BCR prostate cancer in this cohort. All positive findings on conventional imaging were also positive on PSMA imaging.
Modeling Aerosol Growth for a Solvent Blend

Management of aerosol in amine scrubbing requires the modeling of aerosol growth at the conditions of the absorber and water wash. If the amine aerosol grows well above 3 µm, it is collected through impaction on the packing and mist eliminator. Although aerosol models for single amine solvents have been developed, none have been reported for blended amine solvents. The presence of a second amine in the bulk liquid might affect the aerosol growth mechanism, composition, and size. Without a model for an amine blend, it is difficult to identify operating conditions that can grow the aerosol to larger sizes for mitigation. This work simulates aerosol growth for a proprietary solvent blend of amines AM1 and AM2. The model calculates the size and composition of a single aerosol drop traveling through the absorber and water wash. It tracks the water, CO2, AM1, and AM2 in the bulk gas phase and aerosol phase with mass transfer occurring at the bulk gas-drop interface and the bulk gas-solvent interface. The approach to modeling aerosol growth in the absorber and water wash involved two steps: (1) process modeling with ProTreat® and Aspen Plus® and (2) aerosol transport modeling with gPROMS®. The simulation was performed for two run conditions with 90% CO2 capture but different lean solvent and intercooling temperatures. The results show that the aerosol grows by picking up water, CO2, and AM1 in the absorber, and only water in the water wash. The aerosol grows to sizes well above 3 µm at the absorber mid-point, absorber outlet, and water wash outlet and will be easily collected. It grows fastest at cold zones in the absorber where the gas and aerosol are not in equilibrium. More packing and colder circulation water in the water wash were found to increase aerosol growth.
Clinical Examination of the Child with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Physical examination is essential in the evaluation of an infant or child with a brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). Watching the child at play allows the surgeon to build rapport with the patient and family while obtaining valuable information. The remaining active and passive movements are examined as the child allows, not in any specific order, taking the child’s developmental stage into account. The surgeon should be aware that not all movements may be shown to the best of the child’s ability during a single visit. Specific grading scales, including the Active Movement Scale, the Toronto Test Score, and the Mallet score, can be helpful to quantify improvements over serial clinical examinations. Surgeons must understand that in infants, careful evaluation of the shoulder joint must take place in the same time frame as evaluation of the nerve recovery.
The show must go on: impact of the ban on elective surgery in New York City during the coronavirus outbreak on gynecologic oncology patient care

Objectives: To characterize the effect that a ban on elective surgery had for patients who were scheduled for surgery with a gynecologic oncologist during the first coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak in New York City. Methods: Patients who were scheduled to undergo surgery by a gynecologic oncologist at one of three campuses of a New York City based academic hospital during the ban on elective surgery between March 16, 2020 and June 15, 2020 were included. Patients with benign disease were excluded. Data on patient demographics, perioperative characteristics, nature of surgical delay, and post-operative treatment were abstracted from patient charts. Standard of care was considered met if surgical procedures occurred for suspected malignant and pre-invasive disease, or if an appropriate treatment plan and follow up was documented for malignant cases. Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square test of independence were performed with significance set at p Results: A total of 196 patients were scheduled to undergo a surgical procedure during the ban on elective surgery, of which 146 were for malignant, suspected malignant or pre-invasive disease. The majority of cases (42.4%) occurred in patients with known malignancy, followed by suspected malignancy (37.7%) and pre-invasive disease (19.9%). Forty percent of patients experienced one or more surgical delay, 9.6% experienced 2 or more surgical delays and 1.4% experienced three or more surgical delays. Of patients who experienced surgical delays, 75.9% experienced hospital-initiated delays and 24.1% experienced patient-initiated delays. There were no differences between hospital versus patient initiated delays by White vs non-White race (p=0.167). Eight percent of delays were due to a patient with known or suspected COVID-19. The median time from surgical consultation to proposed date of surgery was 20 days for both known malignancy and suspected malignancy, and 34.5 days for pre-invasive disease (p=0.005). Similarly, the median time from surgical consultation to actual date surgery was 23 days for patients with known or suspected malignancy compared to 64 days for preinvasive disease (p=0.011). Of eight patients undergoing treatment for ovarian cancer, 50% underwent primary debulking and 50% underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among all scheduled cases, the standard of care was met in 89.7% of cases. Standard of care treatment was achieved with a documented alternative plan in 6.1% of cases and with a non-surgical plan in 3% of cases. Download : Download high-res image (503KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: During the ban on elective surgery in New York City during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients experienced minor surgical delays, but the majority of patients with known or suspected malignancies obtained appropriate, timely care. Ten percent of patients did not receive standard of care.