cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field Tests with Di-Syston Granules for Thrips Control on Cotton1

Results of research with systemic insecticides for control of early season cotton pests have been reported by many workers. In general these workers showed that control of thrips, Frankliniella spp., was obtained witli systemic insecticides but that these materials were often phytotoxic when applied directly to the seed. However, applied as in-furrow granule treatments at planting, systemics appeared to be considerably less phytoioxic.
Is the SPRINT Blood Pressure Treatment Target of 120/80 mm Hg Relevant for Children?

The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), conducted on older adults with markedly elevated risk for cardiovascular events, demonstrated significant outcome benefit with treatment of blood pressure (BP) to a goal of ≤120/80 mm Hg.1 Results of the SPRINT trial would not seem generalizable to children and adolescents because the SPRINT focus was on older adults at high risk for cardiovascular events. Inclusion criteria for sprint were elevated BP and additional high-risk criteria including Framingham risk score >15%, prior cardiovascular disease, reduced glomerular filtration rate, or age >75 years. This trial seems far removed from a pediatric setting. However, the relevance of SPRINT, when one considers pediatric prevention, is that hypertension accelerates cardiovascular disease. With the exception of age, SPRINT inclusion criteria are often consequences of long-standing hypertension. The success of SPRINT raises the question of whether there is benefit from lifelong BP <120/80 mm Hg. Substantial data on hypertension in adults link adverse cardiovascular outcomes with BP levels >140/90 mm Hg, thus supporting pharmacological treatment for primary prevention of cardiovascular events. Based on a body of epidemiological data demonstrating a rise in cardiovascular risk beginning at a BP level ≥120/80 mm Hg, the Joint National Commission 7 (JNC7) guidelines on hypertension in adults introduced the concept of prehypertension for BP levels from 120/80 to 139/89 mm Hg. The intent was to alert patients to modify lifestyle behaviors to prevent further rise in BP.2 There are no data that link a BP threshold in childhood with cardiovascular events decades later in adulthood. Children have lower BP than adults. BP levels in children increase with age, and by early to midadolescence, the …
Power Dissipation Analysis for Multi-level Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Because of the characters of multi-level Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR),the power dissipation of DVR is greatly different for the device operating in compensation mode or standby mode.In the standby mode,only the multi-winding transformer exciting core dissipation and IGBT conducting loss will be calculated.In the compensation mode,both core and copper losses of multi-winding transformer,loss of diodes in rectifiers,switching loss and conducting loss of IGBT in the Boost circuits and in the inverters should be calculated.Employing the loss characteristic curves provided by manufactures and the power loss calculation program developed by authors,we have found the inverter′s dissipation for the proposed DVR in compensation mode and standby mode.
Calponin is not phosphorylated during contractions of porcine carotid arteries

Calponin and caldesmon were purified from porcine carotid arteries that were preincubated with [32P]orthophosphate, and the stoichiometry of phosphorylation was measured. In resting arteries, caldesmon was phosphorylated to a level of 0.41 mol PO4/mol protein, while calponin was phosphorylated to levels < 0.01 mol PO4/mol protein. Stimulation by histamine (1 or 5 min), KCl (1, 5 or 60 min), or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu; 1 microM for 15 or 60 min) did not lead to measurable increases in the PO4 content of calponin. Because dephosphorylation of calponin during the purification procedure could account for these results, we also determined stoichiometries after firat denaturing endogenous phosphatases with trichloroacetic acid. In these experiments, calponin was determined to be phosphorylated to the same low levels as in the first set of experiments. Collectively, these data show that calponin is not phosphorylated to significant levels during contractions of carotid arteries under conditions where caldesmon phosphorylation is apparent. The circumstances under which calponin may be phosphorylated in intact smooth muscle, and the purpose that may be served by this potential regulatory process, remain to be determined.
Trial-by-trial data analysis using computational models

In numerous and high-profile studies, researchers have recently begun to integrate computational models into the analysis of data from experiments on reward learning and decision making (Platt and Glimcher, 1999; O’Doherty et al., 2003; Sugrue et al., 2004; Barraclough et al., 2004; Samejima et al., 2005; Daw et al., 2006; Li et al., 2006; Frank et al., 2007; Tom et al., 2007; Kable and Glimcher, 2007; Lohrenz et al., 2007; Schonberg et al., 2007; Wittmann et al., 2008; Hare et al., 2008; Hampton et al., 2008; Plassmann et al., 2008). As these techniques are spreading rapidly, but have been developed and documented somewhat sporadically alongside the studies themselves, the present review aims to clarify the toolbox (see also O’Doherty et al., 2007). In particular, we discuss the rationale for these methods and the questions they are suited to address. We then offer a relatively practical tutorial about the basic statistical methods for their answer and how they can be applied to data analysis. The techniques are illustrated with fits of simple models to simulated datasets. Throughout, we flag interpretational and technical pitfalls of which we believe authors, reviewers, and readers should be aware. We focus on cataloging the particular, admittedly somewhat idiosyncratic, combination of techniques frequently used in this literature, but also on exposing these techniques as instances of a general set of tools that can be applied to analyze behavioral and neural data of many sorts. A number of other reviews (Daw and Doya, 2006; Dayan and Niv, 2008) have focused on the scientific conclusions that have been obtained with these methods, an issue we omit almost entirely here. There are also excellent books that cover statistical inference of this general sort with much greater generality, formal precision, and detail (MacKay, 2003; Gelman et al., 2004; Bishop, 2006; Gelman and Hill, 2007).
Editorial Commentary: Low Reoperation Rates for Outpatient Rotator Cuff Repairs: Proof of Efficacy?

The reoperation rate for people younger than 65 years is approximately 8% at a minimum 2-year follow-up. The low rate is another indicator that outpatient rotator cuff repair is a good operation with acceptable failure risks.
Social Structure and Psychological Functioning

Some conditions rob people of control over their own lives. Joblessness, dependency, alienated labor, victimization, disadvantage, and disorder ingrain a sense of powerlessness and mistrust that demoralizes and distresses. The most destructive situations hide from people in them the fact that everyone has a choice. However threatening or constricting the situation, it is better to try to understand and solve the problems than it is to avoid or meekly bear them as the inevitable burden of life.
National issues in technology transfer

A well-accepted definition of technology transfer is “the movement of know how, technique, and technology across organizational boundaries.” If you accept this definition, then what is interesting about it is that nobody knows how to do it very well… as a nation, that is. Different nations do different pieces of it better than others. You find the Japanese running around looking at us to see how to do technology transfers from universities to industry, which they do badly. We run around looking at the Japanese to find out how to transfer technology from corporate R&D to manufacturing. And the Europeans are running around looking at both of us.
Trusting & Feeling Trusted: An Examination of Their Unique Relations with Engagement & Embeddedness

We examine trusting and feeling trusted as antecedents to job embeddedness and job engagement, respectively. Drawing from personal engagement theory, our theoretical extension includes a mediation ...
Value of neurophysiologic monitoring in confirming indirect decompression of severe pediatric non-traumatic C1–C2 subluxation. A case report

Abstract Spinal cord compression from severe C1–C2 subluxation is a complex and challenging neurosurgical problem. A combination of surgical approaches may be required to decompress the spinal cord, including anterior transoral odontoidectomy, posterior cervical laminectomy, or indirect decompression by subluxation reduction. After decompression, an instrumented posterior fusion is then required to stabilize the spine. We report a case of a 13-year-old-girl who presented with spastic quadriparesis secondary to severe atlantoaxial subluxation, where intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IOM) guided surgical decision making. The patient had congenital osseous abnormalities, including incomplete segmentation of C2 on C3, predisposing her to atlantoaxial dislocation. She underwent open surgical reduction of the C1–C2 subluxation with multi-modal intraoperative neurophysiologic guidance. Translaminar C2 screws and C1 lateral mass screws were placed bilaterally. Using a previously described distraction technique, we performed ventral translation of C2 relative to C1, thereby reducing the subluxation. Intraoperative radiographic images and neurophysiologic monitoring revealed significant improvements, confirming that adequate indirect decompression had been achieved. After subluxation reduction with intraoperative monitoring (IOM) improvements, we decided to proceed with a C1–C2 posterior fusion and avoid a cervical laminectomy and more extensive occipital cervical fusion procedure. After one year, the girl made a complete neurologic recovery and remains symptom-free 3 years post-surgery. Fusion to the occiput would have potentially caused greater morbidity in this patient. The neurophysiologic monitoring confirmed indirect decompression and served as a critical tool for the prediction of favorable neurologic outcome.
Thyroid Diseases in the Critically III

Since the 1960s, it has been known that serum thyroid hormone levels drop during starvation and illness. In mild illness, this involves only a decrease in serum T3 levels. However, as the severity of the illness increases, there is a drop in both T3 and T4. This decrease in thyroid hormone level is seen in starvation, sepsis, surgery, myocardial infarction, transplantation, and in fact, probably any severe illness. Based on the premise that patients with these abnormalities are not hypothyroid despite the low hormone levels in blood, the condition has been called the sick euthyroid syndrome (SES). However, some experts in the field believe that some of these patients may in fact have tissue hypothyroidism and prefer the designation of nonthyroidal illness syndrome.
Back to the Bowl: using English Tobacco Pipebowls to Calculate Mean site-Occupation dates

The form of English white ball-clay pipebowls can be used to determine accurate mean dates for historical contexts. Using previously established bowl seriations and typologies on the well-dated material assemblage uncovered at the site of the 1607 James Fort at Jamestown Island, Virginia, a newly developed calculation proves to be a reliable technique of assessing chronology. Determining the pipebowl mean date involves identifying the shape of each bowl, counting the number of examples of each morphological type, and then completing a series of simple arithmetic calculations. The pipebowl-dating device correlates well with other archaeological lines of evidence. On average, pipebowl mean dates are within seven years of mean dates established by other factors. This method regularly outperforms established pipestem-based mean-date measures.
A new method to evaluate material fatigue behavior

A new technique, the wavelet-based AE technique, was developed to investigate material fatigue behavior. In this study, an analog model was established using “clean” AE signal. The model was linearized to find the corresponding material constants. Specimens of Palacos R cement fabricated using both HM and VM methods were tested to demonstrate the proposed model. It was found that the material constants (the slopes of the test curve) were consistent regardless of the fabrication methods. However, there was a significant difference between the intercepts of the test curves when AE techniques were used, whereas the classical fracture mechanics approach failed to distinguish this difference. It was found that the slope and intercept of a test curve can be used as indicators to evaluate material fatigue behavior. In addition, the results showed that the proposed method provided a more accurate estimation of the material constant (slope) in the fatigue model.
Chemical Reactions Engineered to Address Thermal Energy Situations (CREATES)

In CREATES, students explore chemistry concepts related to chemical reactions and the thermal energy of chemical reactions through the driving question, “How can I use chemical reactions to keep me comfortable?” An emphasis is placed on considering both the macroscopic (i.e., what we can observe) and the particulate views (i.e., atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) of matter and the changes it undergoes. Students will design, test, and refine a chemical hot or cold pack using the engineering design process. This unit includes two fundamental ideas in chemistry, the Law of Conservation of Mass and the particulate nature of matter, on which later chemistry instruction builds. This particular set of lessons is focused on the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States, 2013) performance expectations MS-PS1–2 (analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred), MS-PS1–5 (develop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical reaction, and therefore the mass is conserved), and MS-PS1–6 (undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes). These three performance expectations build on earlier ideas that introduce the particulate nature of matter, including the structure and function of matter. In the NGSS, middle school chemistry is focused on providing particulate explanations for the macroscopic phenomena we can easily observe. The CREATES lessons focus on identifying chemical reactions, differentiating them from physical changes, exploring the energy changes associated with chemical reactions, and understanding the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Targeted DNA oxidation and trajectory of radical DNA using DFT based QM/MM dynamics

Molecular insight into electronic rearrangements and structural trajectories arising from oxidative damages to DNA backbone is of crucial importance in understanding the effect of ionizing radiation, developing DNA biosensors and designing effective DNA cleaving molecules. Employing a Density Functional Theory based multi-scale Quantum-Mechanical-Molecular-Mechanical (QM/MM) simulation and a suitable partitioning of the Hamiltonian on solvated nucleotide, and single-, and double-stranded DNA, we mimic hydrogen transfer reactions from the backbone by OH radicals and report structural trajectories arising from on-the-fly electronic charge- and spin-density redistribution in these three different structural topologies of DNA. Trajectories reveal that H4' abstraction can disrupt the deoxyribose moiety through the formation of C4'=O4' ketone and a π-bond with base at C1'-N9 in a nucleotide versus only partial ketone formation in single- and double-stranded DNA, where the orientation of the base is topologically restrained. However, H5' abstraction can lead DNA cleavage at 5' end through the formation of C5'=O5' ketone and breakage of P-O5' bond. Results demonstrate that structural damages from oxidative reactions are restrained by base stacking and base-pair hydrogen bonding. The methodology can be suitably used to study targeted DNA and RNA damages from radicals and radiomimetic drugs to design DNA cleaving molecules for chemotherapy.
Pathways To Precision Medicine In Smoking Cessation Treatments

Abstract Introduction: Cigarette smoking is highly addictive and prevalent among individuals with mental illness. Modern genetic research has identified robust genetic influences on nicotine dependence. An important step in translating these genetic findings is to identify the genetic factors affecting smoking cessation in order to enhance current smoking cessation treatments. Methods We investigated the significant genetic variants that predict nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and response to cessation pharmacotherapy using both large cohort studies of smokers and randomized controlled trials. Results We find that genetic risks may predict prognosis and response to pharmacological treatments. For prognosis, the nicotinic receptor genotypes predict delayed quitting and earlier lung cancer diagnoses after adjusting for smoking quantity in large meta-analyses of studies of lung cancer and nicotine dependence. For treatment response, some pharmacogenetic findings have been replicated in meta-analyses or multiple smoking cessation trials for both pharmacodynamic markers (e.g., CHRNA5) and pharmacokinetic marker (e.g., CYP2A6). The variation in efficacy between smokers with different genetic markers supports the notion that personalized smoking cessation intervention based upon genotype could maximize the efficiency of such treatment while minimizing side effects, thus influencing the number needed to treat (NNT) and the number needed to harm. Conclusion Current evidence strongly suggests that cessation failure and cessation pharmacotherapy effectiveness are modulated by biomarkers such as nicotinic receptor genotypes, nicotine metabolism ratio (NMR), or polygenic risk scores for nicotine dependence. These findings strengthen the case for further research on genetics of smoking cessation success, and the development and rigorous testing of treatments for smokers with different genetic risk profiles. Learning Objectives 1) human genetic studies can inform the biological mechanisms of nicotine dependence and health consequences such as lung cancer, 2) pharmacogenetic studies may inform personalized treatments for tobacco use disorder, possibly increasing efficacy and reducing risk of side effects.
Psychological Considerations: Visible Distinctions and Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremities

Hands and arms have salient cultural meaning as they are essential for interacting with and manipulating the physical world, communicating with others, and establishing and maintaining intimate physical contact with others. Disruptions in the appearance of hands and arms have the potential to affect psychological well-being, yet there is limited research on the psychological functioning of individuals living with visible characteristics associated with congenital anomalies of the upper extremities (CAUE). We live in a culture that emphasizes physical perfection; individuals who possess visible attributes that are devalued occupy a special role in the culture, and this role places them at a distinct social disadvantage. The narrowly defined cultural appearance standard dictates who is accepted and who gets cast aside. This chapter reviews the limitations in the current literature on psychological outcomes for individuals living with visible distinctions associated with CAUE and offers some suggestions for future research.
Rapid nondestructive measurement of bacterial cultures with 3D interferometric imaging.

The agar culture plate has played a crucial role in bacteriology since the origins of the discipline and is a staple bioanalytical method for efforts ranging from research to standard clinical diagnostic tests. However, plating, inoculating, and waiting for microbes to develop colonies that are visible is time-consuming. In this work, we demonstrate white-light interferometry (WLI) as a practical tool for accelerated and improved measurement of bacterial cultures. High resolution WLI surface profile imaging was used for nondestructive characterization and counting of bacterial colonies on agar before they became visible to the naked eye. The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of Gram-negative (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and Gram-positive (Bacillus thuringiensis) bacterial species were monitored with WLI over time by collecting surface profiles of colonies on agar plates with high vertical resolution (3–5 nanometers) and large field of view (3–5 mm). This unique combination of sensitive vertical resolution and large field of view uniquely provided by WLI enables measurement of colony morphologies and nondestructive monitoring of hundreds of microcolonies. Individual bacteria were imaged within the first few hours after plating and colonies were accurately counted with results comparing favorably to counts made by traditional methods that require much longer wait times. Nondestructive imaging was used to track single cells multiplying into small colonies and the volume changes over time in these colonies were used to measure their growth rates. Based on the results herein, bioimaging with WLI was demonstrated as a novel rapid bacterial culture assay with several advantageous capabilities. Fast nondestructive counting of colony-forming units in a culture and simultaneous measurement of bacterial growth rates and colony morphology with this method may be beneficial in research and clinical applications where current methods are either too slow or are destructive.
Step It Up! Prioritization of Community Supports for Walking Among US Adults:

Purpose:Step It Up! The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Promote Walking and Walkable Communities (Call to Action) presents goals and supporting strategies to promote walking. We assessed the pr...
Effects of perched water on thermally driven moisture flow at the proposed Yucca Mountain repository for high-level waste

Numerical modeling was conducted to identify potential perched-water sites and examine the effects of perched water on thermally driven moisture flow at the proposed Yucca Mountain repository for high-level nuclear waste. It is demonstrated that perched-water zones may occur at two horizons on the up-dip side of faults such as the Ghost Dance Fault (GDF): in nonwelded volcanic strata [such as the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded (PTn) stratigraphic unit], where juxtaposition of welded strata against nonwelded may constitute a barrier to lateral flow within the nonwelded strata; and in fractured horizons of underlying welded units [such as the Topopah Spring welded (TSw) unit] because of focused infiltration fed by overlying perched zones. The potential perched zones (PPZs) may contain perched water (which would flow freely into a well or opening) if infiltration rates are high enough. At lower infiltration rates, the PPZs contain only capillary-held water at relatively high saturations. Areas of the proposed repository that lie below PPZs are likely to experience relatively high percolation flux even if the PPZ contains only capillary-held water at high saturation. As a result, PPZs that contain only capillary-held water may be as important to repository performance as those that contain perched water. Thermalmore » loading from emplaced waste in the repository is not likely to have an effect on PPZs located on adequate distance above the repository (such as in the PTn). As a result, such PPZs may be considered as permanent features of the environment. On the other hand, PPZs close to the repository depth (such as those that may occur in the TSw rock unit) would experience an initial period of spatial growth and increased saturation following waste emplacement. Thereafter, drying would begin at the repository horizon with perched-zone growth simultaneously above and below the repository. As a result, after the initial period of expansion, PPZs close to the repository horizon would undergo a period of net dissipation followed by a period of net rejuvenation. The duration of perched-zone dissipation decreases with increasing infiltration rate from the ground surface and varies spatially, depending on distance from the controlling fault. Areas of the repository close to, and on the up-dip side of, faults such as the GDF are likely to experience relatively long periods of wetness and high percolation flux.« less
Recycling Death: Post-Apocalyptic Tourism in the American West

“Recycling Death: Post-Apocalyptic Tourism in the American West” examines recycling as a practice of mediating life and death in spaces of dark tourism where death is present as an absence of life. I contend that due to the history of colonization and human intervention beginning with the western frontier, western spaces of post-apocalyptic tourism like the Salton Sea and its surrounding communities have allowed for a movement of the frontier from physical and technological spaces to pataphysical horizons through environmentally conscious practices like recycling, allowing the post-apocalyptic tourist to push their own ontological frontier to new spaces. Examining Bombay Beach and Slab City as macrocosms of the regional post-apocalyptic tourism, I hope to expand the limits of dark tourism to spaces where life coexists with death, as much as the past coexists with the present.
23 The characteristics of drug-impaired drivers in the United States

Statement of Purpose Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a burgeoning public health concern in the United States. Most studies have focused on the presence of drugs and/or alcohol among fatally injured drivers. Because little is known about individuals who actively drive drug-impaired, the purpose of this study was characterize the demographics and behaviors of these individuals. Methods/Approach Data from the 2015–2017 National Survey of Drug Use and Health were analyzed. The study population was limited to drivers ≥18 years of age. The outcome was those who self-reported DUID in the past 12 months. Demographic and behavioral characteristics of those who drove drug-impaired vs. not drug impaired were compared via frequencies, percentages, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses, which accounted for the survey design. Results Among eligible respondents (N=118,741), 4.7% reported DUID (unweighted). DUID was highest among 18–25 year olds (9%), unmarried individuals (8%), non-heterosexuals (10%), those whom abused or were drug dependent (40%), engaged in risky behaviors (15%), and ever received treatment for substance use (15%). Those who were dependent on or abused marijuana (32%), heroin (53%), or methamphetamine (52%) reported DUID most frequently. After adjustment for key demographic and behavioral variables, males [odds ratio, OR=1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 1.7], those who abused or were dependent on drugs (OR=4.3; 95% CI 3.8, 4.8), exhibited the most risky behaviors (OR=3.7; 95% CI 3.0, 4.6), non-heterosexuals (OR=1.3; 95% CI 1.2, 1.5), and employed individuals (OR=1.3; 95% CI=1.2, 1.5) were more likely to engage in DUID. Conclusions DUID was particularly common among some population sub-groups including young males, non-heterosexuals, employed individuals, and those who abused or were dependent on drugs. These groups may benefit from interventional measures. Significance and Contribution to Injury and Prevention Science These findings may help direct future interventional efforts to mitigate DUID. Center.
Game Changer: Why and How Congress Should Preempt State Student-Athlete Compensation Regimes

In September 2019, California enacted the Fair Pay to Play Act, a groundbreaking piece of legislation that allows college athletes to profit off their name, image, and likeness. California’s legislature aimed to mitigate a “profoundly immoral” system in which young athletes are barred from receiving the fruits of their labor, despite putting their bodies on the line. Arising from noble intentions, California’s Act nonetheless threatens to ignite a state-by-state approach to the student-athlete compensation dilemma, undermining national uniformity in college sports. The NCAA’s Board of Governors, unwilling to allow states to wrest control, voted in October to update its relevant bylaws to permit name, image, and likeness compensation. Although the NCAA has traditionally established such rules for collegiate competition, there are three main reasons why even the NCAA should support federal legislation. First, because NCAA bylaws do not carry the force of law, they cannot prevent further state law experimentation. Second, the NCAA’s economic self interest, and its associated legitimacy problem, cast doubt on its ability to voluntarily solve an admittedly messy issue. The democratic process of federal lawmaking, by contrast, ensures political accountability. Third, a federal law would circumvent the significant concern that an NCAA solution could not pass antitrust scrutiny. In light of these reasons, this Essay contends that congressional legislation should expressly preempt competing state regulations, thus restoring national uniformity in college sports. An express preemption provision would both avoid judicial uncertainty about the law’s preemptive scope and ensure a level playing field. Given the rising tide of bipartisan support for a federal solution, Congress should seize its opportunity to impose game-changing reform on a fractured system, preserving amateurism as it rectifies inequity.
Role of dietary fiber in the recovery of the human gut microbiome and its metabolome

Gut microbiota metabolites may be important for host health, yet few studies investigate the correlation between human gut microbiome and production of fecal metabolites and their impact on the plasma metabolome. Since gut microbiota metabolites are influenced by diet, we performed a longitudinal analysis of the impact of three divergent diets, vegan, omnivore, and a synthetic enteral nutrition (EEN) diet lacking fiber, on the human gut microbiome and its metabolome, including after a microbiota depletion intervention. Omnivore and vegan, but not EEN, diets altered fecal amino acid levels by supporting the growth of Firmicutes capable of amino acid metabolism. This correlated with relative abundance of a sizable number of fecal amino acid metabolites, some not previously associated with the gut microbiota. The effect on the plasma metabolome, in contrast, were modest. The impact of diet, particularly fiber, on the human microbiome influences broad classes of metabolites that may modify health.
Response to Tides, Barometric Pressure and Seismic Waves

Groundwater responses to Earth tides and barometric pressure have long been reported and increasingly used in hydrogeology to advance our understanding of groundwater systems. The response of groundwater to seismic waves has also been used in recent years to study the interaction between earthquakes and fluids in the crust. These methods have gained popularity for monitoring groundwater systems because they are both effective and economical. This chapter reviews the response of groundwater system to Earth tides, barometric pressure, and seismic waves as a continuum of poroelastic responses to oscillatory forcing across a broad range of frequency.
Evaluating Connections Between Nitrogen Cycling and the Macrofauna in Native Oyster Beds in a New England Estuary

Recent efforts to quantify biogeochemical and ecological processes in oyster habitats have focused on provision of habitat and regulation of the nitrogen cycle. However, it is unclear how these two processes may interact. In this study, seasonal patterns of habitat use and nitrogen removal from natural oyster beds were quantified for comparison with nearby bare sediment in Green Hill Pond, a temperate coastal lagoon in RI, USA. Relationships were tested between benthic macrofaunal abundance and nitrogen removal via denitrification and burial in sediments. Nitrogen removal by oyster bio-assimilation was quantified and compared with nearby oyster aquaculture. Despite limited differences in habitat use by macrofauna, there were fewer non-oyster benthic organisms (e.g., filter-feeders, detritivores) where oysters were present, possibly due to competition for resources. Additionally, low rugosity of the native oyster beds provided little refuge value for prey. There was a shift from net N removal via denitrification in bare sediments to nitrogen fixation beneath oysters, though this change was not statistically significant (t(96) = 1.201; p = 0.233). Sediments contained low concentrations of N; however sediments beneath oysters contained almost twice as much N (0.07%) as bare sediments (0.04%; p < 0.001). There was no difference in tissue N content between wild oysters and those raised in aquaculture nearby, though caged oysters had more tissue per shell mass and length, and therefore removed more N on a shell length basis. These oyster beds lacked the complex structure of three-dimensional oyster reefs which may have diminished their ability to provide habitat for refugia, foraging sites for macrofauna, and conditions known to stimulate denitrification.
Ending Senior Housing as We Know It

This chapter describes how disruptive leaders think and act, as Thomas explains how he conceived several ideas that have and will lead to greater independence for older adults. One of the early practitioners of geriatrics, Thomas fell in love with the field of aging because of the people he served. He also observed that the field was handicapped by a lack of leadership, which was both a systemic problem and a great opportunity. Thomas conceived the Eden Alternative Model to change the culture of nursing homes by eliminating loneliness, helplessness, and boredom. He created The Changing Aging Tour to educate people–through musical theatre–about living with dementia. His new venture, Minka, develops seniors housing that promotes the independence of its residents. Thomas urges the leaders of today and tomorrow to cast aside the leadership of yesterday.
Trace Mineral Programs and Pasture Quality

Pasture and supplemental feed inputs represent the lion's share of a beef producer's annual expenses and are an ideal starting place for initiating hard-nosed cost control measures. When environmental variation is combined with ever-changing animal nutrient requirements and pasture quality indices, lower feed costs represent a moving target that can only be bull's-eyed with appropriate planning and constant evaluation. An excellent starting place for many operations intent on reducing production costs is an evaluation of the existing pasture mineral supplement program. An understanding of mineral nutrition requires a solid appreciation of the complexities and interactions which occur between the trace elements as affected by numerous factors (such as soil and environment) and conditions (animal and microbial requirements, ruminal conditions, etc.). Consequently, no class of nutrients has caused as great a confusion among beef producers as the trace minerals. The trace mineral levels found in many commercially available supplements today is a good case in point. Unfortunately, element levels in a mineral supplement are often used as a marketing tool and usually the higher the level, the better perceived the supplement is. Meeting 100% of the animal's requirement with no consideration for the contributions from the trace elements originating from the diet or grazed forage base could potentially lead to toxic levels that create more problems than was originally intended to solve. Practically every recent review of trace minerals has focused entirely upon animal requirements, trace mineral antagonisms, bioavailability and the subsequent effects of deficiency (or excess) upon immunity, reproduction and performance, with very little discussion of those factors which may potentially affect trace mineral content and variation in forages. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) define the function of trace minerals in plants and how they compare to animal requirements, 2) discuss the effects of forage quality on trace element content and forage intake, 3) discuss the factors which affect absorption of trace minerals by plants, and 4) review techniques for determination of whole plant mineral status.
Strategic Wage Posting with Fixed Quotas

This paper analyzes the effects of market power on the performance of matching markets with slot-specific transfers. I find that strategic wage posting in such markets does, in general, not result in assortative matching since firms with higher quotas—and thus relatively more market power—pay on average lower wages than their competitors due to a lack of within-firm rivalry. If highly productive firms command market power, the resulting welfare loss may be substantial. Moreover, firms typically do not gain from wage discrimination. Thus, strategic wage posting is compatible with the absence of entry-level wage variation within firms.
When Post-Realism (And the 1960s) Came to Iowa City: An Afterword

YOU MIGHT SAY that "Trouble-Making Fiction," or what we then called post-realism, and what the nation later called "the 1960s," all arrived in Iowa City on the same date, Friday afternoon, October 20, 1967. The occasion was a conference called "The New Grotesque, Or, Is There a Post-Realistic Fiction?" and the scene was the antiseptic ballroom of the Student Union, where Richard Poirier, author of A World Elsewhere, a study of style in American Literature, was lecturing on "The Literature of Self-Parody." With a polished combination of learning and humor (befitting the editor of the latter-day Partisan Review), Poirier had quoted examples of the intentional stylistic excesses of Henry James, James Joyce, and Norman Mailer, attacked modern writers who made the formal issues of fiction into the subjects of fiction, and then started a long aside on Jorge Luis Borges, describing him as the pre-eminent post-realistic author: a philosopher and novelist and jokes ter whose entire work was an examination of the world as fiction and the reality in fiction. But Poirier was over his allotted time, and expressions on many faces said, as they do in Iowa City when professors from the East or West tell them what they already know, "Does this guy think we've never heard of Borges?" Everyone was also waiting for the next event, a "Eulogy to Lenny Bruce," by the man who was in a way the martyred sick comic's heir, Paul Krassner, editor of the underground satirical magazine?the dirty, deadly opposite of The Partisan Review?The Realist. Then the doors at the back and sides of the ballroom opened quietly, and in came members of the San Francisco Mime Troupe, dressed in white sheets and holding candles. Chanting and moaning like monks, they came forward and formed a line across the front of the room. There, solemn and defiant, they blocked off the stage and barred anyone from going up to stop or rescue the suddenly distressed but still lecturing lecturer. Who did quickly slip on stage were Ronnie Davis, the Mime Troupe's director, dressed in blue jeans and denim shirt, and Paul Krassner, also in jeans and jean jacket. There were a few brief words, no scuffle, and off went
Recent Developments in Ultra-Wideband Sources and Antennas

Ultra-wideband (UWB) sources and antennas are of interest for applications such as the location and identification of hidden objects, that is, land mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Much of the current research is being performed at the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Kirtland AFB, NM. Although significant progress has been made in UWB technology since 1980s, new challenges continue to arise.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Recent requirements have included antennas that are lighter weight, have wider bandwidths, and operate at lower frequencies. Noteworthy progress is also evident in the development of fast switching technology. In this paper, we describe recent progress in sources, antennas, and lens technology and new developments in gas and solid-state switching.
Data of rock analyses—VI: Bibliography and index of rock analyses in the periodical and serial literature of Scotland

Abstract While Hutton fortified his convictions by constant appeals to the rocks themselves, his disciple Hall tested their truth in the laboratory. It is the boast of Scotland to have led the way in the application of chemical and physical experiment to the elucidation of geological history. Archibald Geikie, 1882
Contemporary Fault Mechanics in Southern Alaska

Thin-shell finite-element models, constrained by a limited set of geologic slip rates, provide a tool for evaluating the organization of contemporary faulting in southeastern Alaska. The primary structural features considered in our analysis are the Denali, Duke River, Totschunda, Fairweather, Queen Charlotte, and Transition faults. The combination of fault configurations and rheological properties that best explains observed geologic slip rates predicts that the Fairweather and Totschunda faults are joined by an inferred southeast-trending strike-slip fault that crosses the St. Elias Mountains. From a regional perspective, this structure, which our models suggest slips at a rate of ∼8 mm/a, transfers shear from the Queen Charlotte fault in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia northward to the Denali fault in central Alaska. This result supports previous hypotheses that the Fairweather-Totschunda connecting fault constitutes a newly established northward extension of the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather transform system and helps accommodate right-lateral motion (∼49 mm/a) of the Pacific plate and Yakutat microplate relative to stable North America. Model results also imply that the Transition fault separating the Yakutat microplate from the Pacific plate is favorably oriented to accommodate significant thrusting (23 mm/a). Rapid dip-slip displacement on the Transition fault does not, however, draw shear off of the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather transform fault system. Our new modeling results suggest that the Totschunda fault, the proposed Fairweather-Totschunda connecting fault, and the Fairweather fault may represent the youngest stage of southwestward migration of the active strike-slip deformation front in the long-term evolution of this convergent margin.
Activation of the multicatalytic protease. The 11 S regulator and 20 S ATPase complexes contain distinct 30-kilodalton subunits

The multicatalytic protease (MCP) associates with a 20 S ATPase complex in the presence of ATP to form the 26 S ubiquitin/ATP-dependent protease. This association results in a uniform 3-fold activation of peptide hydrolysis by MCP. In the absence of nucleotides, an 11 S regulator binds MCP and differentially stimulates its peptidase activities from 3-fold to 25-fold depending upon the peptide. When incubated separately with ATPase complex or regulator, all MCP molecules are converted to 26 S protease or to an activated MCP, respectively. Competition between ATPase complex and regulator for limiting amounts of MCP results in the 26 S protease as the only assembled species. Rabbit reticulocyte regulator is composed of a single 30-kDa protein. Among the 15 subunits in the ATPase complex, there is also a 30-kDa protein. Three findings demonstrate that the 30-kDa subunits in each complex are distinct proteins. First, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel revealed different isoelectric points for each 30-kDa protein. Second, anti-regulator antibodies did not cross-react with proteins in the ATPase complex or in the 26 S protease. Third, directly sequenced peptides from the 30-kDa subunit of the ATPase complex are not present in the deduced amino acid sequence of the regulator. Thus, the regulator and ATPase complex are independent activators of MCP.
Injection-lock dynamics in non-harmonic oscillators

A delay-based time-domain model is used to predict the locking dynamics in injection-locked non-harmonic oscillators, such as ring or relaxation oscillators. The locking dynamics predicted by the model are verified against simulations and measurements of a four-stage ring oscillator circuit built using discrete components.
Schema Theory: A New Twist Using Duplo Models.

This paper describes how one college professor explains the concepts of scnemes, assimilation, acccanodation, and equilibrium to college undergraduates enrolled in educational or development psychology courses. The professor uses classroom demonstration to show how the concepts interact in an applied setting. The demonstration uses 30 children's Duplo building blocks in a premade asymmetrical construction placed in a closed box so students do not see it and 30 unassembled blocks. Two students sit back-to-back in front of the class. One student (the teacher) gets the assembled construction, while the other student (the learner) gets the unassembled pieces. The teacher must describe the model and give instructions to the learner to build a matching model. The learner cannot speak or ask questions. The teacher may only use verbal instructions. Because they are back-to-back, they cannot see what is happening. Students experience the disequilibrium described by Piaget in his cognitive theory. After the demonstration, the class analyzes how Piaget's cognitive theory relates to this setting. The paper discusses how demonstration students typically handle this situation and how classmates typically observe and interpret what is happening. Students generally make several appropriate connections to the teaching environment from participating in this activity. (Contains 12 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Duplo Models SCOPE OF INTEREST NOTICE j The ERIC Facility has assigned I this document for processing to: In our judgment, this document is also of interest to the Clearinghouses noted to the right. 4 Indexing should reflect their yspecial points of view. Schema Theory: A New Twist Using Duplo Models Joe D. Nichols School of Education Indiana Purdue University Fort Wayne, IN Nicholsj@ipfw.edu. Paper presented for the Teaching Educational Psychology Symposium at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association New Orleans, LA., April 27, 2000
Value and personality dimensions: their constancies and their relationships.

The dimensions emerging from the responses of a Canadian sample of university students to Morris' (1956) “Ways to Live Value Scale” and to Cattell's, et al. (1957) 16 PF Test were compared with the dimensions reported for American samples of students by Morris and Jones (1955) and Cattell (1956). Reasonable factor stability was found across the Canadian and American data on both value and personality dimensions. The relationships between the value and personality factors were computed for the Canadian sample. 32% of the variance of the personality dimension, Independence, was accounted for by the value preferences, while 1% of the anxiety dimension, 7% of the extraversion dimension, and 7% of the tendency toward environmental manipulation dimension were accounted for. Such analyses of the interrelationships between values and personality may be a fruitful technique for future cross-cultural research.