cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of Sexual Victimization in College Women: The Role of Behavioral Intentions and Risk-Taking Behaviors

Recent investigations of risk factors for adult sexual assault have focused on a varietyof behavioral and cognitive variables, including victim risk-taking behaviors. In this study, cognitive appraisals of riskyactivities, behavioral intentions to engage in risk-taking behaviors, and alcohol use were examined in relation to future involvement in risk-taking behaviors and the incidence of sexual assault in a sample of college women. At Time 1, 50 (26%) participants reported a historyof sexual victimization and at Time 2, 16 (12.7%) reported new sexual victimizations. Discriminant function analysis indicated that alcohol use and expected involvement in risky activities at Time 1 were associated with new sexual victimizations at Time 2. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that alcohol use and expected involvement in risky activities at Time 1 were predictive of frequencyof involvement in riskyse xual activities at Time 2. The implication of these findings for future research is discussed.
A Class of Permutation Tests for the Equality of Two Marginal Survival Functions Using Paired Censored Data

We studied several test statistics for testing the equality of marginal survival functions of paired censored data. The null distribution of the test statistics was approximated by permutation. These tests do not require explicit modeling or estimation of the within-pair correlation, accommodate both paired data and singletons, and the computation is straightforward with most statistical software. Numerical studies showed that these tests have competitive size and power performance. One test statistic has higher power than previously published test statistics when the two survival functions under comparison cross. We illustrate use of these tests in a propensity score matched dataset.
Developing Truck Corridor Crash Severity Index

According to NHTSA, more than 400,000 truck accidents occurred in 2009 and approximately 7,800 of those were fatal crashes. Compared with extensive studies conducted on freeway truck safety, the research on arterial streets is considerably disproportionate. Making the connections between truck traffic generators, arterial streets are key links in door-to-door deliveries. There is an urgent need to study truck safety on arterial streets because of the strong growth of truck traffic. Truck-related crashes are expected to be reduced through careful planning of the location, design, and operation of driveways, median openings, street connections, and street sections. Through the collection of extensive data on selected arterial corridors that are heavily used by trucks, contributing factors to truck crash frequency and severity were identified with a negative binomial model and multinomial logit model. Corridor truck miles traveled, annual average daily traffic, signal density, shoulder width, and pavement serviceability index and its standard deviation are significant factors for crash frequency prediction. The multinomial logit model identified 12 causal factors for crash severity, such as posted speed limit, lane width, number of lanes, pavement condition index, and undivided roadway portion. Subsequently, a crash severity index for truck arterial corridors was developed. The findings from the study not only will benefit state and local agencies in planning, design, and management of a safer truck arterial corridor, but will also help carriers to optimize their routes from a safety perspective.
Association between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Employment by Industry and Occupation in the US Population: A Study of Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Data from the US population-based Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1994, were used to estimate the population prevalence, prevalence odds ratios, and attributable fractions for the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with employment by industry and occupation. The aim was to identify industries and occupations at increased risk of COPD. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity <70% and FEV(1 )<80% predicted. The authors used SUDAAN software (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) to estimate the weighted population prevalence and odds ratios using 9,823 subjects aged 30-75 years who underwent lung function tests. Odds ratios for COPD, adjusted for age, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status, were increased for the following industries: rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; office building services; textile mill products manufacturing; the armed forces; food products manufacturing; repair services and gas stations; agriculture; sales; construction; transportation and trucking; personal services; and health care. Occupations associated with increased odds ratios for COPD were freight, stock, and material handlers; records processing and distribution clerks; sales; transportation-related occupations; machine operators; construction trades; and waitresses. The fraction of COPD attributable to work was estimated as 19.2% overall and 31.1% among never smokers.
Work redesign: Eight obstacles and opportunities

Successful work-design initiatives must overcome many obstacles in order to have their intended impact.This article outlines eight obstacles to work redesign: (1) influences on multiple outcomes, (2) trade-offs between different approaches, (3) difficulty in choosing appropriate units of analysis, (4) difficulty in predicting the nature of the job, (5) complications from individual differences, (6) job enlargement occurring without job enrichment, (7) creating new jobs as part of growth or downsizing, and (8) differences between longterm and short- term effects. This article examines the nature of these eight obstacles, reviews prior research on this topic, and outlines suggestions for managing these obstacles in practice. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Architectural Archives in the Digital Era

As with records everywhere, more and more architectural records are being prepared in a digital format. Even though this format shift is taking place gradually due to the complex nature of programs used in architectural design, digital designs are quickly becoming the designs of record, especially those of three-dimensional models. The increased digital nature of architectural records, many of which are viewed as disposable by their creators, raises questions for archivists about the records' intellectual and artifactual values. In addition, archivists must deal with the vast amount of digital records, the instability of their storage media, and the short life span of most software and hardware products used to create architectural designs. Developing strategies to deal with these issues is essential to the survival of architectural records created in the late-twentieth century and by future generations.
The Mythology of Mitigation Banking

The Clean Water Act aims to restore and maintain the integrity of U.S. waters, which include wetlands — those land forms once referred to as swamps, bogs, prairie potholes, or some other negatively connoted term. Wetlands are ecologically and economically important. The federal regime for protecting them, however, has failed its pursuit of “no net loss” of wetlands. Mitigation banking has become the preferred mechanism for mitigating wetlands loss, despite repeated studies showing mitigation banks fail to replace the lost natural ecosystems. This paper explores the complex wetlands protection regime in the United States, then compares results in steady-state Ohio wetlands, a best case scenario for mitigation banking, with the nation’s largest (and most at risk) wetlands — those on Louisiana’s coast. It concludes that mitigation banking on Louisiana’s coast is likely to result in massive destruction and loss of the fragile coastal ecosystem.
Tests on Bolted Connections in Light Gage Steel

Results of 574 tests, covering considerable ranges of variables such as bolt diameter, sheet thickness, etc; four conditions formulated for predicting failure loads which are in satisfactory agreement with test values; if adequate safety factor is applied to these four conditions, joint deformations at design loads can be held to reasonably small values.
PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF A PHOSPHORYLATABLE TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE FROM THE FAT BODY OF AN INSECT, MANDUCA SEXTA

A triacylglycerol lipase, presumably the first enzyme involved in the mobilization of lipid from the insect fat body, has been purified to homogeneity from the fat body of Manduca sexta. The purification procedure involved polyethyleneglycol precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, Q-Sepharose and hydroxylapatite. The final product, a protein with an M(r) = 76,000 by SDS-PAGE, was purified nearly 8000-fold from the original homogenate in a yield of about 11%. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of tri-, di-, and mono-oleoylglycerols, but showed highest affinity for tri- or dioleoylglycerol. Thus, under initial reaction conditions, the end products of trioleoylglycerol hydrolysis were: free fatty acids (66%), sn-2-monooleoylglycerol (24%), sn-1,2(2,3)-dioleoylglycerol (7%), and glycerol (3%). The fat body lipase exhibited a preference for hydrolyzing the primary ester bonds of acylglycerols, and did not show stereoselectivity toward either the sn-1 or sn-3 position of trioleoylglycerol. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.9, and was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, ATP, ADP, Mg2+, and NaF. The enzyme showed a strong tendency to aggregate, but was stable in detergent solutions at high concentration of glycerol. The polypeptide was phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine heart; however, phosphorylation did not cause activation of the enzyme. It is suggested that this fat body lipase could be analogous to the "hormone-sensitive lipase" of vertebrate adipose tissue.
A Needed Modification to Vendor Supplied Oversized 45° Wedges

Abstract A recent change in the source-to-blocking tray distance on at least one new linear accelerator restricts simultaneous use of the vendor supplied oversized (i.e., 20 cm) 45° steel wedge and 7.5 cm or higher custom cerrobend blocks. Truncating the “heel” end of the vendor supplied steel wedge as well as substituting a 45° lead wedge (designed and supplied by the vendor) allows simultaneous wedge and 7.5 cm high block usage. Central axis depth dose, transverse dose profile, wedge transmission factor, and surface dose measurements were made for each wedge for 6 through 18 MV x-rays. Dosimetric data for the truncated steel wedge is insignificantly different from that of the untruncated steel wedge, whereas the lead substitute wedge dosimetric data is substantially different and requires remeasurement.
An improved imaging method for extended targets

When we use direct imaging methods for solving inverse scattering problems, we observe artificial lines which make it hard to determine the shape of targets. We propose a signal space test to study the cause of the artificial lines and we use multiple frequency data to reduce the effect from them. Finally, we use the active contour without edges (ACWE) method to further improve the imaging results. The final reconstruction is accurate and robust. The computational cost is lower than iterative imaging methods which need to solve the forward problem in each iteration.
Remaining Life of FRP Rehabilitated Bridge Structures

A time dependent reliability approach is presented for estimation of remaining life of FRP rehabilitated structures incorporating field measured structural health monitoring data and laboratory durability results. An estimation of the remaining life of the structure is provided from time-superposition of the deterioration curves following progressive damage cases.
INFLUENCE OF INTEREST RATE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL FIRMS LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to establish to establish the influence of interest rate on the financial performance of agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Methodology: The research design adopted was descriptive and causal (explanatory). A census approach was adopted and all the seven listed agricultural companies were taken as the population. The respondents’ sample was from finance departments at all levels and 220 questionnaires were administered. Primary data was collected using questionnaires while the secondary data was collected using data collection sheets from the firms as well as from the Nairobi Securities Exchange and CMA records. The particular inferential statistic was regression and correlation analysis. Panel data methodology was employed using a multivariate regression model to test the hypotheses and link the variables. Results: The findings revealed that interest rate has a positive and significant relationship with ROA, ROE and EPS. In addition, the findings from the interaction of the independent variables and the interest rate revealed that interest rate moderate the effect of financial performance of agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that financial institutions and banks in Kenya should assess their clients which include agricultural firms listed in NSE while setting up interest rates policies, as ineffective interest rate policies can increase the level of interest rates and consequently cost of borrowing and negate financial performance of the borrowing firms. The study also recommends that the Central Bank should apply stringent regulations on interest rates charged by financial institutions so as to regulate their interest rate spread.
Abstract 14768: The Cortisol-to-acth Ratio, a Possible Marker of Relative Corticosteroid Insufficiency, is a Prognostic Predictor in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Background: Clinical significance of diminished cortisol response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is not clear in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Therefore, we evaluated the progno...
Substrate-Wrapped, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Probes for Hydrolytic Enzyme Characterization.

Hydrolytic enzymes are a topic of continual study and improvement due to their industrial impact and biological implications; however, the ability to measure the activity of these enzymes, especially in high-throughput assays, is limited to an established, few enzymes and often involves the measurement of secondary byproducts or the design of a complex degradation probe. Herein, a versatile single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based biosensor that is straightforward to produce and measure is described. The hydrolytic enzyme substrate is rendered as an amphiphilic polymer, which is then used to solubilize the hydrophobic nanotubes. When the target enzyme degrades the wrapping, the SWNT fluorescent signal is quenched due to increased solvent accessibility and aggregation, allowing quantitative measurement of hydrolytic enzyme activity. Using (6,5) chiral SWNT suspended with polypeptides and polysaccharides, turnover frequencies are estimated for cellulase, pectinase, and bacterial protease. Responses are re...
Estimating regions of air trapping from electrical impedance tomography data.

Objective Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been shown to be a viable non-invasive, bedside imaging modality to monitor lung function. This paper introduces a method for identifying regions of air trapping from EIT data collected during tidal breathing and breath-holding maneuvers. Approach Ventilation-perfusion index maps are computed from dynamic EIT images. These maps are then used to identify regions of air trapping in the area of the lung as regions that are poorly ventilated but well perfused throughout the breathing and cardiac cycles. These EIT-identified regions are then compared with independently identified regions of low attenuation, or air trapping, on chest CT. Results of this method are demonstrated in two children with cystic fibrosis and on a healthy control subject. Main results In both CF children, the EIT-identified regions of air trapping matched the regions indicated from the chest CT. The EIT-based method is only validated with CT scans within 4 cm of the chest cross-section defined by the electrode plane. Significance The results indicate the potential use of EIT-derived ventilation-perfusion index maps as a non-invasive method for identifying regions of air trapping.
Ultra-low resistivity aluminum doped ZnO thin films on flexible substrates using sol-gel solution deposition

Abstract The effect of a combination of low temperature heat treatments, microwave annealing, and low temperature vacuum annealing on the resistivity of 1% Al-doped ZnO thin films (AZO) deposited on both flexible polyimide films and rigid silicon substrates was investigated. The sol-gel deposition technique was used to deposit successive layers with a 0.5-hour heat treatment application prior to the deposition of additional layers. Following the final layer deposition and 0.5-hour treatment, the samples either underwent a final thermal annealing or microwave plus thermal annealing. Finally, a post-treatment annealing in a high vacuum chamber at 300 °C was administered. The films exhibited ultra-low resistivity of 14 Ω-cm on the polyimide with good adhesion qualities and a 0.08 Ω-cm resistivity on silicon wafers. A hexagonal wurtzite structure with the (002) c-axis orientation in the film growth direction was evident along with a dense microstructure of homogeneously distributed grains.
Thermoacoustic range verification in the presence of acoustic heterogeneity and soundspeed errors - Robustness relative to ultrasound image of underlying anatomy.

Purpose To demonstrate robustness of thermooacoustic range verification to acoustic heterogeneity and discrepancies between assumed and true propagation speed, i.e., soundspeed errors. Methods A beam sweeper was used to deliver 250 ns pulses that deposited 0.26 Gy of 16 MeV protons and 2.3 Gy of 60 MeV helium ions into water and oil targets, respectively. Thermoacoustic signals were detected by a 96-channel ultrasound array with a 1-4 MHz sensitivity band (-6 dB), bandpass filtered and backprojected to create thermoacoustic images in the plane of the ultrasound array. The same soundspeed and transducer array were used to estimate range and generate the ultrasound images onto which Bragg peak locations were overlaid. An air-gap phantom that displaced the Bragg peak by 6.5 mm demonstrated accuracy. Robustness to soundspeed errors was demonstrated in a waterbath as the assumed propagation speed scanner setting was altered by ± 5 % . Tissue-mimicking gelatin and a bone sample were introduced to demonstrate robustness to acoustic heterogeneity relative to ultrasound images of the underlying morphology. Results Single ion pulse measurements sufficed during the helium run, but signal averaging was required for protons. Range and entry point into the target were estimated from data collected by transducers placed at least 6 cm distal to the Bragg peak. When ultrasound images depicted the air-target interface where the beam enters, estimates of the entry point agreed with ultrasound images and range estimates agreed with Monte Carlo simulations to within 300 μm, even when thermoacoustic emissions traveled through a strongly scattering bone sample. Estimated Bragg peak locations were translated 6.5 mm by the air-gap phantom and correctly identified scenarios when the beam stopped inside the bone. Conclusions Soundspeed errors dilate and acoustic heterogeneities deform ultrasound images. When thermoacoustic receivers are co-located with the ultrasound imaging array, the same transformations shift thermoacoustic range estimates. Therefore, thermoacoustic range verification is robust relative to ultrasound images of underlying anatomy. When the treatment target is visible in ultrasound, e.g., prostate, online thermoacoustic range estimates could verify that the treatment spot is inside the target.
Characterizing the binding of dopamine D1-D2 receptors in vitro and in temporal and frontal lobe tissue total protein.

Dysfunction of the dopaminergic pathway is linked to numerous diseases of the nervous system. The D1-D2 receptor heteromer is known to play a role in certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression. Here, we synthesized an eight amino acid residue peptide, EAARRAQE, derived from the third intracellular loop of the D2 receptor and show that the peptide binds to the D1 receptor with comparable efficiency as that of the full-length D2 receptor protein. Moreover, immunoprecipitation studies show the existence of a heteromeric complex formed both in vitro and in total protein derived from temporal and frontal lobe tissue from normal and depressed subjects. The efficiency of the peptide to block the D1-D2 heteromeric complex was comparable in all the samples tested.
The Complete Genome of the Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Archetype Isolate E110019 Highlights a Role for Plasmids in Dissemination of the Type III Secreted Effector EspT.

ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a leading cause of moderate to severe diarrhea among young children in developing countries, and EPEC isolates can be subdivided into two groups. Typical EPEC (tEPEC) bacteria are characterized by the presence of both the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and the plasmid-encoded bundle-forming pilus (BFP), which are involved in adherence and translocation of type III effectors into the host cells. Atypical EPEC (aEPEC) bacteria also contain the LEE but lack the BFP. In the current report, we describe the complete genome of outbreak-associated aEPEC isolate E110019, which carries four plasmids. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the type III secreted effector EspT gene, an autotransporter gene, a hemolysin gene, and putative fimbrial genes are all carried on plasmids. Further investigation of 65 espT-containing E. coli genomes demonstrated that different espT alleles are associated with multiple plasmids that differ in their overall gene content from the E110019 espT-containing plasmid. EspT has been previously described with respect to its role in the ability of E110019 to invade host cells. While other type III secreted effectors of E. coli have been identified on insertion elements and prophages of the chromosome, we demonstrated in the current study that the espT gene is located on multiple unique plasmids. These findings highlight a role of plasmids in dissemination of a unique E. coli type III secreted effector that is involved in host invasion and severe diarrheal illness.
Exploring Functionings and Freedoms in Dubai

The period from 2006 to 2013 in Dubai was an era of hyper-urbanization and rapid growth. Disability policies, programs, and engagement with people with disabilities were occurring in tandem with the rapid modernization of the city-state. How did these changing physical, social, and institutional contexts impact the lives of people with disabilities across the two separate but interconnected domains, basic functionings and basic freedoms? This time period was also notable for the lack of a comprehensive approach to disability policy and accessibility reforms. Interview respondents indicated that approaches were fragmented and there was a clear gap between what the public sector agencies said they were doing and the type of services and opportunities people with disabilities and their families actually received. This highlighted the importance of advocating for specific actions and policies to ensure the provisions outlined in Federal Law No. 29 and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities were being achieved.
Spousal Influences on Monthly Disability in Late-Life Marriage in the Precipitating Events Project.

Objectives Few studies have examined spousal influences on disability in late-life marriage, and no prior study has examined these associations using monthly data. Drawing from interdependence theory, we hypothesized that one spouse currently having higher disability would be positively associated with their partner having higher disability in the next month. We also examined whether participants were at risk for increased disability when both spouses had higher prior disability. In addition, we examined gender differences in spousal associations. Method Data were from 37 married couples in the Precipitating Events Project, an ongoing longitudinal study of 754 initially nondisabled adults aged 70 years and older. Assessments included monthly disability (13 basic, instrumental, and mobility activities of daily living) and demographics. Results As hypothesized, higher disability in one spouse was positively associated with higher subsequent disability in their partner. Also, wives with higher disability were especially vulnerable to subsequent increased disability when husbands had higher disability. Discussion Incorporating a spouse's current disability level in modeling older adults' subsequent disability provides additional predictive information. Wives with greater disability may be at a particularly high risk of accelerated decline when their husbands have greater disability.
Neurobiology: Swimming at the Intersection of Light and Gravity

Summary Many animals use gravity as a spatial reference to help navigate their surroundings, but how they do so is not well understood. A new study reveals that a representative of our closest invertebrate relatives, the tunicate Ciona, processes light and gravity cues through a simple neural circuit to decide when and how to swim.
Effect of Extreme Temperature on Naloxone Nasal Spray Dispensing Device Performance.

Introduction The opioid epidemic has led to the wide-spread distribution of naloxone to emergency personnel and to the general public. Recommended storage conditions based on prescribing information are between 15°C and 25°C (59°F and 77°F), with excursions permitted between 4°C and 40°C (39°F and 104°F). Actual storage likely varies widely with potential exposures to extreme temperatures outside of these ranges. These potentially prolonged extreme temperatures may alter the volume of naloxone dispensed from the nasal spray device, which could result in suboptimal efficacy. Study objective The aim of this study was to assess the naloxone volume deployed following nasal spray device storage at extreme temperatures over an extended period of time. Methods Naloxone nasal spray devices were exposed to storage temperatures of -29°C (-20°F), 20°C (68°F), and 71°C (160°F) to simulate extreme temperatures and a control for 10 hours. First, the density was measured under each temperature condition. Following the density calculation part of the experiment, the mass of naloxone dispensed from each nasal spray device at each temperature was captured and used to calculate volume: calculated volume (microliter, µl) = spray mass (mg converted to g)/mean density (g/mL). Measurements and calculations are reported as means with standard deviation and standard error, and a one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate mean dispensed volume differences at different temperatures. Results There was no difference in the mean volume deployed at -29°C (-20°F), 20°C (68°F), and 71°C (160°F), and measurements were 101.44µl (SD = 9.56; SE = 5.52), 99.01µl (SD = 6.31; SE = 3.64), and 108.28µl (SD = 2.04; SE = 1.18), respectively; P value = .289, F-statistic value = 1.535. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that naloxone nasal spray devices will dispense the appropriate volume, even when stored at extreme temperatures outside of the manufacturer's recommended range.
mdxCv3 Mouse is a model for electroretinography of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy

Purpose. To identify an animal model for the abnormal scotopic electroretinogram found in a majority of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients. Methods. Ganzfeld electroretinograms were recorded in dark-adapted normal C57BL/6 mice, and two strains of mice with different X-linked muscular dystrophy mutations {mdx and mdx Cv} ). Responses for the right eye were averaged and the amplitudes and implicit times of the a-wave and b-wave were measured. The electroretinogram was digitally filtered to extract the oscillatory potentials. Statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe S test. Results. While the electroretinogram in mdx was normal, in mdx Cv3 the scotopic b-wave was markedly reduced and the oscillatory potentials were delayed, similar to changes observed in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients. Some of the mdx <J " 3 animals demonstrated negative configuration electroretinograms, with the b-wave amplitude reduced compared to that of the a-wave. Conclusions. Abnormalities found in the electroretinograms of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients led to the identification of dystrophin in human retina and the discovery that dystrophin is required for normal retinal electrophysiology. These results indicate that mdx c " 3 is a model for elucidating the role of dystrophin in retina and suggest that dystrophin isoforms, consisting of only the C-terminal domains of the full-length protein, may be important to the development of normal retinal electrical potentials. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995; 36:462-466.
A Fork in the Stream: The Unjustified Failure of the Concurrence in J. McIntyre Machinery Ltd. v. Nicastro to Clarify the Stream of Commerce Doctrine

This article critiques the concurring opinion in the recent United States Supreme Court personal jurisdiction decision in J. McIntyre Machinery Ltd. v. Nicastro. That opinion declined to choose between the competing approaches to the stream of commerce doctrine because of perceived flaws in those approaches and because the facts of Nicastro did not involve modern technology.Consumer products are increasingly distributed through international distribution chains. Whether foreign manufacturers who utilize such chains are amenable to personal jurisdiction in states where their products are distributed has become a hotly litigated issue because of the Supreme Court’s 4-4-1 split decision over 20 years ago in Asahi v. Superior Court. The Court had an opportunity to resolve that issue in Nicastro but again could not muster five votes for a single test because of the concurring opinion of two Justices that declined to break any new ground.There are serious negative economic consequences to having unclear jurisdictional rules for such a commonly occurring situation. Moreover, the lack of clarity violates the due process rights of defendants who cannot effectively structure their primary conduct to avoid jurisdiction.This article argues that the concurrence’s critiques of the competing approaches to the stream of commerce test were overblown and that modern technology should not significantly impact the stream of commerce calculus. While internet contacts certainly need to be taken into account in any personal jurisdiction inquiry, lower courts already have a well-accepted test for analyzing them that operates independently of any analysis of product distribution networks. Thus, the concurrence unnecessarily perpetuated a murky legal climate that will continue to confound businesses, litigators, and courts.
Cooperative Mixed Reality Leveraging Edge Computing and Communication

Traditional Mixed Reality(MR) and Augmented Reality(AR) devices support a wide gamut of sensors, but the limited computational resource onboard such devices make advanced tasks difficult. With the introduction of Edge computing and more advanced Edge hardware, we are no longer bound to just the onboard processor or the Cloud as our only source of computational power. In our work, we introduce the use of Edge with MR devices to provide a cooperative perception capability to the MR device. We base our approach on the portability and low latency of the Edge. Through our prototype system, we demonstrate the potential of devices and evaluate the performance and feasibility through real world trials. Our evaluation proves that the system is capable of supporting cooperative perception tasks.
Ideology, identity, and pedagogy in English language arts teachers’ linguistic styling in U.S. classrooms

Abstract Linguistic styling is an important component of the language ideologies teachers communicate to their students. This study explores the of role identity and intent in shaping teachers’ language use in the classroom, and considers how students receive teachers’ linguistic style. Three high school English Language Arts (ELA) teachers’ linguistic style is explored through three sources of data: a Dialect Density Measure, discourse analysis of marked instances of linguistic styling by each teacher, and interviews with the teacher and their students. The social meaning of differences in teachers’ styling of language is examined in relation to each teacher's social identity and the context of their teaching. Findings show that teachers use their style to model academic norms, to counter academic norms, to develop relationships with students, and to complicate ideas about what kind of person can use what kind of language. The marked differences in each teacher's styling reveal the pedagogical and relational work that language use enacts in classrooms. Implications for further study of teachers’ styling, and for supporting teachers’ critical language teaching are considered.
A Norms-Based Approach to Sustaining Integration

Headlines about racial polarization and a country divided obscure an important present opportunity: racial integration initiated by local community choice. These local contexts have national significance in light of census data showing that American suburbs and exurbs are perfectly positioned to integrate and can do so through local choice irrespective of what occurs at the federal level. However, integration is not preordained. Census data shows segregation decreasing within some large cities but increasing in metropolitan areas as a whole. When Blacks move to the suburbs, Whites flee to locations ever farther from the city’s center. Suburbs and exurbs, not cities, are the new ground zero for integration efforts. The stakes are high: Ferguson, Missouri, home of the 2014 protests, is a suburb from which sixty-two percent of the White population fled between 1990 and 2010. Using empirical fieldwork from a Chicago suburb that successfully integrated in the 1970’s, this Article sheds light on how norms and other behavioral phenomena fuel the dynamics of integration. When a community deliberately chooses to integrate, it generates norms that foster and sustain integration. As a norm weaves itself into the fabric of the community, it becomes even more powerful than law. The norm helps ensure that individuals within the community make integration-affirming choices, even when those choices are costly. When the norm is visible to those outside the community, it attracts new members who value integration and are likely to support the policies that foster it. Once suburbs and exurbs opt for integration instead of White flight, norms and other mainstays of behavioral law and economics allow integration to perpetuate.
A ϰ-symmetry calculus for superparticles☆

Abstract We develop a ϰ-symmetry calculus for the d = 2 and d = 3, N = 2 massive superparticles, which enables us to construct higher order ϰ-invariant actions. The method relies on a reformulation of these models as supersymmetric sigma models that are invariant under local worldline superconformal transformations. We show that the ϰ-symmetry is embedded in the superconformal symmetry so that a calculus for the ϰ-symmetry is equivalent to a tensor calculus for the latter. We develop such a calculus without the introduction of a worldline supergravity multiplet.
Slow Viscoelastic Flow

Constitutive equations based on the linear response functions are not adequate for most problems of viscoelastic flow. In the present chapter we first discuss the general problem of choosing a constitutive equation that can describe the stress response adequately in whatever specific problem is at hand. We then turn to a specific class of flows for which the Navier-Stokes equation is a good first approximation. These flows are slow in the sense that nothing changes much in one relaxation time, but may be arbitrarily fast if by “fast” one means something to do with the Reynolds number. We discuss the nature of approximations based on this notion of slowness and show how to solve flow problems within this approximation scheme.
Workload characterization of biometric applications on Pentium 4 microarchitecture

Biometric computing is a technique that uses physiological and behavioral characteristics of persons to identify and authenticate individuals. Due to the increasing demand on security, privacy and anti-terrorism, biometric applications represent the rapidly growing computing workloads. However, very few results on the execution characteristics of these applications on the state-of-the-art microprocessor and memory systems have been published so far. This paper proposes a suite of biometric applications and reports the results of a biometric workload characterization effort, focusing on various architecture features. To understand the impacts and implications of biometric workloads on the processor and memory architecture design, we contrast the characteristics of biometric workloads and the widely used SPEC 2000 integer benchmarks. Our experiments show that biometric applications typically show small instruction footprint that can fit in the L1 instruction cache. The loads and stores account for more than 50% of the dynamic instructions. This indicates that biometric applications are data-centric in nature. Although biometric applications work across large-scale datasets to identify matched patterns, the active working sets of these workloads are usually small. As a result, prefetching and large L2 cache effectively handle the data footprints of a majority of the studied benchmarks. Branch misprediction rate is less than 4% on all studied workloads. The IPC of the studied benchmarks ranges from 0.13 to 0.77 indicates that out-of-order superscalar execution is not quite efficient. The developed biometric benchmark suite (BMW) and input data sets are freely available and can be downloaded from http://www.ideal.ece.ufl.edu/BMW.
Molecular Analyses of the IGS & ITS Regions of rDNA of the Psychrophilic Yeasts in the Genus Mrakia

Species of the genus Mrakia are currently classified as synonyms based on molecular sequence analyses of the large sub-unit ribosomal DNA (LrDNA). Physiological and protein electrophoretic studies, however, reveal possible species differences. To clarify this discrepancy, we undertook molecular sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of rDNA from the four psychrophilic Mrakia species and the psychrophilic yeast, Cryptococcus curiosus. Identical ITS sequences were found between C. curiosus, M. nivalis and M. frigida. Although, M. stokesii and M. gelida displayed identical ITS and IGS sequences, their sequences differed from the other three species by 2.3% and 38%, respectively. The results suggest that M. stokesii is a synonym of M. gelida, whereas M. nivalis is a synonym of M. frigida. Sequence differences (1.9%) observed in the IGS region indicates that C. curiosus is a distinct strain of M. frigida.
Reactive rejuvenation of CMOS logic paths using self-activating voltage domains

Although the trend of technology scaling is sought to realize higher performance computer systems, it also results in Integrated Circuits (ICs) suffering from increasing Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT) variations and adverse aging effects. In most cases, these reliability threats manifest themselves as timing errors on critical speed-paths of the circuit, if a large design guardband is not reserved. In this work, we propose the Reactive Rejuvenation (RR) architectural approach consisting of detection and recovery phases to mitigate circuit from BTI-induced aging. The BTI impact on the critical and near critical paths performance is continuously examined through a lightweight logic circuit which asserts an error signal in the case of any timing violation in those paths. By utilizing timing violation occurrence in the system, the timing-sensitive portion of the circuit is recovered from BTI through switching computations to redundant aging-critical voltage domain. The proposed technique achieves aging mitigation and reduced energy consumption as compared to a baseline circuit. Thus, significant voltage guardbands to meet the desired timing specification are avoided.
HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS IN THE OUTPUT NETWORKS OF THE HIPPOCAMPAL-ENTORHINAL AXIS OF THE FREELY BEHAVING RAT

Population bursts of the CA3 network, which occur during eating, drinking, awake immobility, and slow-wave sleep, produce a large field excitatory postsynaptic potential throughout stratum radiatum of the CA1 field (sharp wave). The CA3 burst sets into motion a short-lived, dynamic interaction between CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons, the product of which is a 200 Hz oscillatory field potential (ripple) and phase-related discharge of the CA1 network. Although many CA1 pyramidal neurons discharge during the time (50-100 msec) of each sharp wave, each wave of a ripple (approximately 5 msec) reflects the synchronization of more discrete subsets of CA1 neurons. When we used multi-site recordings in freely behaving rats, we observed ripples throughout the longitudinal extent (approximately 4-5 mm) of the dorsal CA1 region that were coherent for multiple cycles of each ripple. High-frequency ripples were also observed throughout the hippocampal-entorhinal output pathway that were concurrent but less coherent on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Single and multiunit neuronal activity was phase-related to local ripples throughout the hippocampal-entorhinal output pathway. Entorhinal ripples occurred 5-30 msec after the CA1 ripples and were related to the occurrence of an entorhinal sharp wave. Thus, during each hippocampal sharp wave, there is powerful synchronization among the neuronal networks that connect the hippocampus to the neocortex. We suggest that this population interaction (1) biologically constrains theoretical models of hippocampal function and dysfunction and (2) has the capacity to support an "off-line" memory consolidation process.
Accidental Criticality of a Fusion-Fission Hybrid Blanket Design

Whenever a fissionable blanket is added to a controlled thermonuclear reactor, an investigation of the potential for accidental criticality is necessary to ensure the safety of this hybrid device. ...
Stress Management Strategies for Students: The Immediate Effects of Yoga, Humor, and Reading on Stress.

Background : Health science programs can be demanding and difficult for many students, leading to high levels of stress. High levels of stress can have a negative effect on students and subsequently the practicing clinician. Research suggests that yoga, humor, and reading are simple, effective methods to help reduce stress. To date no research compares the acute effects of yoga, humor, and reading in doctor of physical therapy and master’s of occupational therapy students. Additionally, it is undetermined if one technique is more effective than the other in reducing stress. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of yoga, humor, and reading on acute stress in students enrolled in doctor of physical therapy and master’s of occupational therapy programs. It was hypothesized that following a 30-minute yoga, humor, and reading intervention session, students would demonstrate a reduction of stress on the Daily Stress Inventory (DSI) and a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. Subjects: Twenty-two students from the School of Graduate Medical Education Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program (n=14) and Master’s of Science in Occupational Therapy (OT) program (n=8) volunteered to participate in the study. Methods: At baseline subjects completed a demographic survey. All subjects participated in a yoga, humor, and reading intervention session, once a week on the same day and at the same time for a total of three weeks. Intervention sessions were randomized and counterbalanced across subjects. Before and after each intervention session, stress was measured using the Daily Stress Inventory, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DSP), and heart rate (HR). Results: A repeated one-way ANOVA indicated that all three interventions significantly decreased SBP, DBP, and HR and no one intervention was more effective than the other in reducing these dependent variables ( p = . 058, p = .315 and p = .180 respectively). There was no significant main effect or interaction of the yoga, humor, or reading intervention session on the DSI scores (p = .362). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that one 30-minute session of yoga, humor, and reading had similar effects in decreasing acute stress in health science students. This finding is important since these interventions resulted in a significant reduction in stress in a relatively short amount of time, allowing educators to begin to consider different stress management strategies to offer to students.
Ensemble learning methods for pay-per-click campaign management

We propose using ensemble techniques to improve pay-per-click campaign management.Actual data containing pay-per-click campaign results is used for our analysis.Four base classifiers are analyzed as inputs to four ensemble modeling techniques.A MetaCost ensemble predicted the highest campaign portfolio profit. Sponsored search advertising has become a successful channel for advertisers as well as a profitable business model for the leading commercial search engines. There is an extensive sponsored search research stream regarding the classification and prediction of performance metrics such as clickthrough rate, impression rate, average results page position and conversion rate. However, there is limited research on the application of advanced data mining techniques, such as ensemble learning, to pay per click campaign classification. This research presents an in-depth analysis of sponsored search advertising campaigns by comparing the classification results from four base classification models (Naive Bayes, logistic regression, decision trees, and Support Vector Machines) with four popular ensemble learning techniques (Voting, Boot Strap Aggregation, Stacked Generalization, and MetaCost). The goal of our research is to determine whether ensemble learning techniques can predict profitable pay-per-click campaigns and hence increase the profitability of the overall portfolio of campaigns when compared to standard classifiers. We found that the ensemble learning methods were superior classifiers based on a profit per campaign evaluation criterion. This paper extends the research on applied ensemble methods with respect to sponsored search advertising.