cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pervasive parallel computing: an historic opportunity for innovation in programming and architecture

Parallel programming has been the subject of deep research for decades -- and renowned in the software community as a difficult challenge to the degree that many companies have teams of parallelism and concurrency experts. Further, many ISV's explicitly design their software architectures so as to ensure that the majority of the development effort, including of course debug and test, can be done without consideration of parallelism. What makes parallelism so difficult, are the knotty and coupled problems of correctness, performance -- particularly data locality, and software modularity.In Terascale (manycore) chip-level multiprocessors, we are facing a pervasive and critical parallel programming challenge. Core counts on a single chip are expected to increase rapidly, progressing with Moore's law, and quad-core systems are already available today in mainstream volume client and server platforms. To continue the rapid performance scaling to which we have become accustomed, applications will need to exhibit ample parallelism (and increasing amounts of it) for successive generations of hardware. Further, because the move to multiple-core parallelism as the primary basis for performance improvement is pervasive, this requirement falls on a wide range of applications including traditional large-scale commercial and HPC server, desktop, laptop, and even those running on small mobile devices. That breadth has numerous implications for the types of solutions that are required. We will discuss some of the requirements for Terascale parallel programming solutions, and point out several potentially fruitful directions. A number of these solutions will build on mainstream programming approaches (objects, modularity, imperative), particularly introducing parallelism with modest disruption to both large-scale and local-scale program structure. However, there is an opportunity for radically different approaches to take hold in the mainstream (e.g. functional).On the hardware front, there are several reasons why the parallel programming problem for Terascale (manycore) systems is easier than previous generations of multiprocessors (and can be much easier). The basic hardware characteristics of chip-multiprocessors provide much greater opportunity for efficient coupling and coordination, and a tightly-coupled memory system, simplifying a wealth of sophisticated scheduling and sharing structures. Further, the diminishing performance returns for larger single cores releases innovation to support both parallel programming, and higher-level programming in general. This is a huge opportunity to pioneer new approaches and solutions that are radically better than those widely-used today.We will close with some speculation on the rate of progress of parallel programming into the mainstream software community and some implications of such proliferation.
Hypersensitivity to administered adrenaline in tetraplegia.

Case report. To describe two clinical examples of denervation hypersensitivity, an enhanced response to catecholamines demonstrated experimentally in tetraplegic patients. USA. A 63-year-old man with chronic paralysis at C4 ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) A with partial preservation to T6, and a history of coronary artery and pulmonary disease, developed bradycardia leading to cardiac arrest. He was treated with intravenous atropine 0.4 mg and adrenaline 1 mg. He regained consciousness and blood pressure within 30 s, but developed supraventricular tachycardia leading to ventricular fibrillation and death within minutes. The dose of adrenaline was routine for a cardiac arrest. A 60-year-old man with chronic paralysis at C6, AIS A, presented with fever to 106 °F and a renal stone. Thirty minutes after treatment with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and 1 g aspirin orally, he became afebrile, then suddenly lost consciousness and palpable pulse. He recovered with equal rapidity after an intravenous injection of 0.1 mg adrenaline. The dose of adrenaline was a tenth the usual dose for cardiac arrest. Because of denervation hypersensitivity, effective treatment of a cardiac arrest in tetraplegic patients may require a reduced dose of adrenaline.
Refinement of the Smith–Magenis syndrome critical region to ∼950kb and assessment of 17p11.2 deletions. Are all deletions created equally?

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome associated with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17p11.2. SMS is thought to be a contiguous gene syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of one or more genes in the associated deletion region. To date, no gene has been reported to contribute to the characteristics seen in the SMS phenotype. To expedite the search for the SMS causative genes, we have reduced the SMS critical region to approximately 950kb by analyzing 11 patient samples carrying 17p11.2 deletions. In addition, we have re-evaluated the frequency with which different 17p11.2 deletions naturally occur, showing evidence that homologous recombination likely takes place between low copy repeats at a higher frequency than previously reported.
Response to Special Report 298 Driving and the built environment: the effects of compact development on motorized travel, energy use, and CO2 emissions

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recently issued the report Driving and the built environment: the effects of compact development on motorized travel, energy use, and CO2 emissions. This repo...
Platelet-activating factor induces intestinal necrosis, but not septic shock, in germ-free and specific-pathogen-free rodents

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) was injected into conventional mice, endotoxin-resistant mice (C3H/HEJ), conventional rats, germ-free rats and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice. The PAF resulted in significant necrosis and damage to the small intestines of all the animals tested. In general, the frequency and severity of the lesions were similar in all groups. All the conventional rats and mice, as well as the endotoxin-resistant HEJ mice, were dead 18 h after the injection of the PAF, while all the germ-free rats and the SPF mice survived. These data demonstrate that development of massive intestinal lesions, in the absence of aerobic bacteria, is not sufficient to cause the death of the host from septic shock and endotoxaemia.
Atypical Attentional Networks and the Emergence of Autism

The sociocommunicative impairments that define autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not present at birth but emerge gradually over the first two years of life. In typical development, basic attentional processes may provide a critical foundation for sociocommunicative abilities. Therefore early attentional dysfunction in ASD may result in atypical development of social communication. Prior research has demonstrated that persons with ASD exhibit early and lifelong impairments in attention. The primary aim of this paper is to provide a review of the extant research on attention in ASD using a framework of functionally independent attentional networks as conceptualized by Posner and colleagues: the alerting, orienting and executive control networks (Posner and Petersen, 1990; Petersen and Posner, 2012). The neural substrates and typical development of each attentional network are briefly discussed, a review of the ASD attention literature is presented, and a hypothesis is proposed that links aberrant attentional mechanisms, specifically impaired disengagement of attention, with the emergence of core ASD symptoms.
Is neocortex essentially multisensory

Although sensory perception and neurobiology are traditionally investigated one modality at a time, real world behaviour and perception are driven by the integration of information from multiple sensory sources. Mounting evidence suggests that the neural underpinnings of multisensory integration extend into early sensory processing. This article examines the notion that neocortical operations are essentially multisensory. We first review what is known about multisensory processing in higher-order association cortices and then discuss recent anatomical and physiological findings in presumptive unimodal sensory areas. The pervasiveness of multisensory influences on all levels of cortical processing compels us to reconsider thinking about neural processing in unisensory terms. Indeed, the multisensory nature of most, possibly all, of the neocortex forces us to abandon the notion that the senses ever operate independently during real-world cognition.
The anthocyanin pigment of Nicotiana nodal tumors

Abstract Delphinidin-3-rhamnosylglucoside has been identified as the purple pigment in the nodal tumors of Nicotiana suaveolens x langsdorffii .
Origin of Superconductivity and Construction of Doping Curves for Cuprates on an Elasticity-Exchange Competition Model

Superconducting Tc is modeled over the doping range for the three prototype cuprate families (with respect to apical coordination). The model is based on a competition of elastic and exchange energies (ExEl model). Data for these energies are taken from direct observation such as Tc and the pseudo-gap Tp. An additional penalty for charge concentration in pairs is introduced for the low pair concentration region. These energies are internally calibrated. The rather different observed curve shapes and quantitative features in the doping curves of different materials can be related to the relative magnitude of Tc and Tp. Both linear and parabolic curve shapes near the Tc optimum can be explained on the ExEl model. The basis of the relevant phenomenology is indicated in bond ordering effects, for which new concepts, e.g. for resonating pair kernels, are developed. Accordingly, stripes of single holes are dimerized into pair strands through super-exchange. Conclusions are drawn about the limits of phenomenology for cuprates and other high Tc materials.
A Heteronuclear Bidentate Lewis Acid as a Phosphorescent Fluoride Sensor

Reaction of dimesityl-1,8-naphthalenediylborate (1) with C6F5HgCl results in the formation of a B/Hg heteronuclear bidentate Lewis acid (2), which complexes fluoride to afford [2-μ2-F]-. Structural and photophysical studies carried out in solution and in the solid state indicate that 2 is a highly selective and sensitive phosphorescent fluoride sensor. The proximity of the two Lewis acidic sites enforced by the 1,8-naphthalenediyl backbone promotes fluoride anion chelation and is, therefore, responsible for the high binding constant. The interplay of conjugative and spin−orbit coupling effects mediated by the boron and mercury atoms, respectively, results in the phosphorescent signaling of fluoride binding. Remarkably, fluoride binding occurs in partially aqueous solutions and results in a drastic change of the phosphorescence observed when the solutions are frozen.
Re-contextualizing Martian Vampires: 1890s science fiction in Cosmopolitan magazine

(2000). Re-contextualizing Martian Vampires: 1890s science fiction in Cosmopolitan magazine. Media History: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 19-32.
The Effective Use of Learning Groups in Online Education.

The process and effectiveness of small group collaborative activity in an asynchronous online graduate course offered by Capella University was investigated using a qualitative case study design. Research questions addressed the structure and support of small group collaborative activity within the online setting. Participants were working adults (teachers at the K-12 and post-secondary level, instructional designers, and corporate trainers) pursuing graduate degrees in education; necessary proactive and reactive means of nurturing group processes were addressed. The nature of assignments posed to groups, the issues surrounding group size, and the use of a systematic approach for enabling feedback between students were investigated. The development of group charters requiring all group members to agree formally, at the beginning, on group processes and individual responsibilities within groups was found to be an essential component of successful groups. This paper consists of the background and context of the study, followed by the researcher's conclusions and recommendations for improved course design, group structure, and instructor support.
Asgard: A portable architecture for multilingual dialogue systems

Spoken dialogue systems have been studied for years, yet portability is still one of the biggest challenges in terms of language extensibility, domain scalability, and platform compatibility. In this work, we investigate the portability issue from the language understanding perspective and present the Asgard architecture, a CRF-based (Conditional Random Fields) and crowd-sourcing-centered framework, which supports expert-free development of multilingual dialogue systems and seamless deployment to mobile platforms. Combinations of linguistic and statistical features are employed for multilingual semantic understanding, such as n-grams, tokenization and part-of-speech. English and Mandarin systems in various domains (movie, flight and restaurant) are implemented with the proposed framework and ported to mobile platforms as well, which sheds lights on large-scale speech App development.
Seals, Sea Lions, and the Erosion of Archaeological Sites on California's Channel Islands

Found in ocean and other aquatic ecosystems around the world, seals and sea lions (pinnipeds) spend significant time on land, often congregating in large rookery (breeding) and haul out sites. Alth...
The synthesis of certain amines related to pilocarpine

Certain tertiary derivatives of dl-isopilopylamine and dl-homoiospilopylamine have been prepared and evaluated pharmacologically for parasympathomimetic activity. Preparative methods used are described. Pharmacological studies indicate that dimethyl-dl-isopilopylamine and dimethyl-dl-homoisopilopylamine possess some parasympathomimetic action but the activity is considerably weaker than that of pilocarpinc.
Adenosine receptor antagonists and asthma

Adenosine, a ubiquitous biological molecule elicits both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in the lungs. Bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma after adenosine inhalation involves a selective interaction with adenosine receptors, which is subsequently linked to the release of mast cell mediators. Animal studies also support a role for adenosine in inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Therefore, selective blockade of adenosine receptors may be an attractive and valuable approach to the treatment of asthma.
Coping and health-related quality of life in individuals with heart failure: an integrative review.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this review is to examine and synthesize recent literature regarding the influence of coping on constructs contributing to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with heart failure (HF). Background Poor HRQOL is associated with HF-related outcomes, including increased mortality and poor self-care. Coping may influence HRQOL. Methods An review of empirical literature was conducted utilizing CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, and PubMed computerized databases for a period of January 2000 to December 2011. Results Only studies investigating coping and physical and psychological HRQOL were found that met the inclusion criteria (N = 16), with 13 studies examining coping and psychological HRQOL, two studies examining coping and physical HRQOL, and one study investigating coping and physical and psychological HRQOL. Conclusions Emotion-focused strategies are negatively associated with physical and psychological HRQOL, whereas, problem-focused strategies are positively associated with physical and psychological HRQOL in individuals with HF. Lack of experimental studies limits the inference of causality.
Prescribing Posttraumatic Growth

This article introduces questions in psychiatric ethics regarding the substantial field of qualitative and quantitative research into 'posttraumatic growth', which investigates how, after devastating experiences, individuals can come to feel that they have developed warmer relationships, increased spirituality, or a clearer vision of their priorities. In one area of this research, researchers of posttraumatic growth outline strategies for clinicians interested in assisting their patients in achieving such growth. In this article, I articulate two ethical concerns about this account of posttraumatic growth and the practice of growth-oriented therapy. The first is a concern about the status and effects of the ideal of posttraumatic health implicit in their account, and the second a concern about the ethical implications of the clinical recommendations for the post-trauma patient. I argue for the need for more attention to the hazardous implications of relating to patients as though they are on their way to, and themselves largely in control of, their own posttraumatic growth.
Insulin effects in denervated and non-weight-bearing rat soleus muscle.

Previous reports indicated that glucose uptake in denervated muscle is resistant to insulin, while in non-weight-bearing (unweighted) muscle this effect of insuling is enhanced. To extend the comparison of these differences, insulin effects on amino acid uptake and protein metabolism were studied in soleus muscles subjected to denervation or unweighting. Denervated muscle showed insulin resistance of both 2-deoxy[1,2-3H] glucose and -[methyl-3H]aminoisobutyric acid uptake whereas unweighted muscle showed an increased or normal response, respectively. Atrophy was greater in denervated than in unweighted muscle, apparently due to faster protein degradation by insulin was generally less in denervated than in unweighted muscle, apparently due to faster protein degradation. The stimulation of protein synthesis and the inhibition of protein degradation by insulin was generally less in denervated than in unweighted muscle. Since metabolic measurements in denervated-unweighted muscles did not differ from those in denervated-weight-bearing muscles, effects of denervation must be independent of leg posture.
Law and the ethics of transformational leadership

Black’s Law Dictionary defines law as a body of rules of action or conduct that govern behavior of individuals within society. A contemporary definition of ethical leadership is leadership that engages in ethical conduct that is based on right or wrong behavior towards members of society. Therefore, a common nexus between law and ethical leadership is a concern for the well‐being of members of society. The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between law and ethical leadership. Specifically, through analysis of several legal cases, the author seeks to illustrate how applying principles of transformational leadership: idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and individualized consideration, to the ethical dilemmas faced by managers in the respective cases, would have diminished the need for involvement by the courts. Consequently, this article concludes that applying principles of transformational leadership will more likely than not lead to less litigation and better ethical outcomes than the more common transactional leadership style.
Progesterone. Suppression of the plasma growth hormone response.

ABSTRACT Plasma growth hormone responses were measured in 8 normal subjects during oral glucose tolerance tests and in 7 other normal adults during insulin-induced hypoglycemia and iv infusions of arginine. The tests were repeated 3–5 days after im administration of progesteronein-oil, 300–400 mg daily, to define the role of this steroid in the suppression of plasma somatotropin in late pregnancy. Progesterone treatment greatly increased the plasma insulin response to glucose and arginine while reducing plasma glucose increments during arginine infusion. Peak plasma growth hormone concentrations after glucose and insulin administration were blunted significantly in all individuals after progesterone administration. Progesterone also impaired somatotropin responses to arginine in 5 of 7 subjects studied. The results of this investigation suggest that placental production of progesterone and rising concentrations of this steroid in maternal plasma contribute to the inhibition of pituitary release of growth ...
Optimal placement and signal selection for wide-area controlled UPFCs for damping power system oscillations

The paper discusses an optimal placement for UPFCs and an optimal method for the selection of global measurements in a wide-area controlled network for the purpose of damping power system oscillations. Both the placement and signal selection methods are optimized to damp interarea oscillations. Optimal UPFC placement is identified by comparing different candidate placements based on the total damping they produce. Optimal selection of output measurements is based on the projection of the right eigenvectors on outputs. After the selection of the desired output measurements, observer gains are designed by LMI approaches. Test results from the IEEE 57 bus test system indicate good potential in terms of selecting UPFC placements and output signals.
Does National Culture Affect Willingness to Justify Ethically Suspect Behaviors?: A Focus on the GLOBE National Culture Scheme

In this article, we examine the relationship of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness national culture dimensions with the willingness of 27,459 individuals located in 21 nations to justify ethically suspect behaviors. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), a technique well suited for cross-level studies, is employed to test the hypothesized relationships from data made available by the World Values Survey. Results support our hypotheses with regard to performance orientation, assertiveness, institutional collectivism and humane orientation. However, results surprisingly reject our hypotheses on power distance and uncertainty avoidance. We discuss these counterintuitive findings and elaborate on the study’s implications for both research and practice.
Political Scandal and Bias in Survey Responses

This article provides evidence for bias in the polling of American political candidates who are accused of personal or financial scandal, wherein the support of the accused candidate is understated. Evidence for this phenomenon is found in the analysis of a dataset of district-level polls of US House elections during the 2002–2012 election cycles. This bias helps to explain several unanticipated outcomes in recent American legislative elections, in which scandal-tarred incumbents unexpectedly were reelected or defeated by surprisingly narrow margins. The article also finds evidence of a smaller bias, previously observed by practitioners, wherein support is overstated for incumbents who are not accused of scandal.
Genetic Algorithm Methodology to Optimize Signal Timing For Vehicle and Pedestrian Delays

There are two objectives for this research. One is to develop an effective procedure to optimize intersection signal timing by minimizing total delay for both vehicles and pedestrians. The second objective is to establish guidance for the pedestrian crossing phase pattern (two-way or scramble) and for the length of WALK phase when a scramble crossing is used. An optimization procedure for signal plans in an isolated intersection was developed. The procedure yielded up to four phases for vehicles with either the two-way or scramble pedestrian crossing phase. A simple Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used in finding suitable signal plans because of the existence of a very large solution searching space. Furthermore, a look-up table was generated to guide the decision between two-way and scramble phases. The guidance considered different combinations of vehicle and pedestrian volumes. Compared with the Highway Capacity Software (HCS) GA function, the proposed procedure has the same accuracy and slightly better capability when pedestrian delay is not considered. However, when pedestrian delay is considered in signal timing, such a comparison could not be made because HCS does not compute delay for pedestrians while the proposed GA procedure does.
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of preventive zinc supplementation

Background: Even though the WHO currently recommends zinc for diarrhea management, no consensus has been reached with respect to routine distribution of zinc for preventive reasons. We reviewed the health impact of preventive zinc interventions, and evaluated the relative cost effectiveness of currently feasible interventions. Methods: Using the latest relative risk estimates reported in the literature, we parameterized a health impact model, and calculated the expected benefits of zinc supplementation in a representative low-income country. We then computed the cost and cost-effectiveness for three delivery mechanisms: the direct distribution of zinc supplements, the distribution of micronutrient biscuits including zinc, and the distribution of zinc through water filtration systems. Results: Combining all health outcomes and impact estimates, we find that systematic zinc supplementation among children of ages one to five would avert 1.423 DALYs per 100 households and year in least developed countries. The estimated cost per DALY is US$ 606 for pill supplementation, US$ 1211 for micronutrient biscuits, and US$ 879 per DALY saved for water filtration systems. Conclusions: Preventive zinc supplementation to children of ages 1–5 appears to be a highly cost-effective intervention in typical developing country settings. More research will be needed to determine the most effective mechanism to deliver zinc to this target population.
Right ventricular reverse remodeling is possible despite twenty-one years of absent tricuspid valve and severe right ventricular failure.

Allogeneic PG, as opposed to autologous PG, is preferred because it can be obtained from young and healthy donors, providing a high dose of functioning platelets with minimal risk of bacterial contamination. This is the first published report, to our knowledge, of treating DSWI by means of injection of allogenic PG. Considering the disappointing results seen with the surgical treatment of DSWI, especially for high-risk patients, nonsurgical therapy consisting of a combination of biologic (PG) and mechanical (VAC) methods might be advantageous as a simple, inexpensive, and safer therapy.
Educational Web site: Radioisotopic methods of determining body composition

We have designed a Web site intended to inform the general public aboutexisting nuclear technologies based on the measurement of radioisotopes inthe human body. The presentation is focused on the concept of radioisotopemeasurements for determination of body composition (bone, muscle, water, fat),and the risks, benefits, and clinical applications of these techniques. Procedurescovered are 40K whole body counting, delayed-gamma neutron activation,prompt-gamma neutron activation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Theinformation presented is tailored for the nonscientific public, in order topromote familiarity with and understanding of the basic concepts of radioisotopemeasurements in the human body. Further development of the site will includegreater scientific detail, suitable for student instruction or for continuingeducation requirements of various certification programs.
The Anti‐Subjective Hypothesis: Michel Foucault and the Death of the Subject

A travers la problematique de l'hypothese du refoulement de la sexualite chez Foucault, l'A. denonce l'hypothese anti-subjective qui fonde la l'interpretation de «L'histoire de la sexualite» en termes de revendication de la mort du sujet. L'A. montre que l'analyse archeologique du langage et l'analyse genealogique du pouvoir participent chez Foucault a l'elaboration des conditions historiques, culturelles et sociales des possibilites memes de la subjectivite.
Dynamische Geometrie-Software als integraler Bestandteil des Lern- und Lehrarrangements

Es werden Ergebnisse zweier Unterrichtsprojekte referiert, in denen dynamische Geometrie-Software (DGS) einen integralen Bestandteil des Lehr- und Lernarrangements darstellte. Die Projekte sollten Anhaltspunkte und Entscheidungshilfen liefern: Anhaltspunkte fur eine didaktische Beurteilung des dynamischen Zeichenblattes und Entscheidungshilfen zu seiner Verwendung.
Biosynthese der Aminosäuren

Um Biomolekule wie Proteine und Nucleinsauren zusammenbauen zu konnen, mussen zunachst die entsprechenden Ausgangsmaterialien erzeugt werden. Den Zusammenbau von Kohlenhydraten haben wir bereits im Hinblick auf den Calvin-Zyklus und den Pentosephosphatweg betrachtet (Kapitel 20). In diesem und den folgenden beiden Kapiteln befassen wir uns mit der Synthese von weiteren wichtigen Bausteinen – Aminosauren, Nucleotiden und Lipiden.
Coupled annealing temperature and layer thickness effect on strengthening mechanisms of Ti/Ni multilayer thin films

Abstract A systematic study was performed on mechanical and microstructural properties of Ti/Ni multilayers with layer thickness from 200 nm to 6 nm and annealing temperature from room temperature to 500 °C. Based on the observed hardness evolution, a coupled layer-thickness and annealing-temperature dependent strengthening mechanism map is proposed. For as-deposited films, the deformation behavior follows the traditional trend of dislocation mediated strengthening to grain boundary mediated softening with decreasing layer thickness. For annealed films, grain boundary relaxation is considered to be the initial strengthening mechanism with higher activation temperature required for thicker layers. Under further annealing, solid solution hardening, intermetallic precipitation hardening, and fully intermixed alloy structure continue to strengthen the thin layered films, while recrystallization and grain-growth lead to the eventual softening of thick layered films. For the films with intermediate layer thickness, a strong orientation dependent hardness behavior is exhibited under high temperature annealing due to mechanism switch from grain growth softening to intermetallic precipitation hardening when changing the loading orientation from perpendicular to parallel to the layer interfaces.
Editor's Note: Symposium on the 2010 Merger Guidelines

The October 2010 issue of the Antitrust Source features a series of articles by distinguished antitrust practitioners on the new horizontal merger guidelines. While the Source has published numerous articles on the proposed merger guidelines revisions, the symposium provided the first collection of essays on the 2010 Guidelines. The essays were not intended to be a comprehensive discourse but were purposely limited to one or two key points on which each author wanted to focus. There has been a general awareness in the antitrust community that an update to the seventeen-year-old Horizontal Merger Guidelines was appropriate, but it is likely that the close working relationship and similarity of views between the current chief economists at the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice acted as the tipping point that led to the release of revised guidelines in 2010.
A Bayesian framework for computer vision

In many computer vision applications the input images are noisy and the data possibly sparse. These applications include, (i) identification of abnormalities in human organs, (ii) the computation of anatomical and physiological properties, both for medical images, e.g. liver tumors from CT images, human heart volume from MRI imagery, (iii) depth information for moving robots or automatic mapping of satellite image pairs, and (iv) inspection of faults on large scale manufactures. The common problems are then to “clean” the images from the noisy and/or sparse data and to segment the image. Particular emphasis is placed on image segmentation, that is, separating objects from background.
The Food Section: Newspaper Women and the Culinary Community

The usual view of newspaper food sections and the women invariably who produced them has been that these represented “soft news” and were hardly worth serious consideration. Kimberly Wilmot Voss, i...
Was it Lost?: Personal Deductions Under Tax Reform

In a symposium in honor of Dean Charles Galvin, Was It Lost? argues that personal or itemized deductions for amounts that have been lost is appropriate. Deductions for theft losses, for example, are appropriate even if the theft is not profit or business related. But if goods or services are received in return, the expenditure is not lost. Deductions for amounts that have not been lost are unbudgeted subsidies that do harm and can not be justified within a tax bracket system. The recent Report of the President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform gave lip service to a comprehensive tax base, but beyond the executive summary the Report would create and expand loopholes. The Report is nonetheless interesting on personal deductions. It would deny deductions for state and local taxes, but allow deductions for charitable deductions, and it would turn the home mortgage interest deduction into a limited tax credit. Was it Lost? argues some charitable deductions are inappropriate because services are received in return and that some state and local taxes are losses because the taxes are redistributive and the benefit of the taxes goes to some other taxpayers. Was it Lost? agrees with the panel report that the deduction of home mortgage interest is unwarranted. The deduction can be equivalent to a 35% capital subsidy for some well to do taxpayers, and does nothing but create entry barriers for less well-to-do prospective owners.
Control of Four Diseases of Laboratory-Reared Boll Weevils

Four diseases of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Bohemian, have interfered with the mass rearing of the insect at the Boll weevil Research Laboratory. Two were mused by protozoans, one by bacteria, and one by an unidentified agent. These are the first known naturally occurring diseases of the boll weevil. Therapeutic control of 3 of the diseases has not been possible. The bacterium has been controlled by soaking the eggs in 0.8% formaldehyde.
Food Preference as a Factor in Distribution and Abundance of Phoetaliotes nebrascensis

Western wheat grass, Agropyron smithii, was the plant most frequently ingested by Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Thomas) in 4 of 5 habitats and was preferred in all. All grasses were eaten to some extent; nonpreferred plants may support populations in otherwise suitable habitats. Most forbs were unattractive but all tested species of Cichoriaceae were acceptable. Plant-finding was by random searching; selection was made only after contact through the mouthparts. While habitats in which preferred hosts were more abundant had higher grasshopper populations, annual changes in grasshopper abundance within a habitat were independent of abundance of primary food plants.
A coarse-grained differentiated routing algorithm in multi-protocol label switching traffic engineering

A new coarse-grained differentiated least interference routing algorithm (CDLI) with DiffServ-Aware was presented. This algorithm is composed of off-line and on-line stages, taking into account both real-time traffic and best-effort traffic. Off-line stage is to determine the shortest path set disjointed path (DP) database for real-time traffic, and to identify link critical value by traffic profile information of real-time traffic and DP database. On-line stage is at first to select route in the DP database for real-time traffic, if there is no path to meet the needs, the dynamic routing will be operated. On-line routing algorithm chooses the relatively short path for real-time traffic to meet their bandwidth requirements, and for best-effort traffic it chooses a lighter load path. The simulation results show that compared with the dynamic online routing algorithm (DORA) and constrained shortest path first (CSPF) algorithm, the new algorithm can significantly improve network throughput and reduce the average path length of real-time traffic. This guarantees quality of service (QoS) of real-time traffic while improving the utilization of network resources.
A PICTORIAL REVIEW OF CARDIOMYOPATHIES WITH CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in evaluating cardiomyopathies of varying etiology. The main objective of this poster is to illustrate specific cardiac lesion characteristics based on the pattern of delayed contrast enhancement of the myocardial wall along with distinct
Balanced Scorecard Strategy Maps in Enterprise Management

Strategy Maps is Kaplan and Norton's theory extension and launched.Strategy Maps and Balanced Scorecard are interrelated each other,is the framework for mapping Strategy Maps,Strategy Maps is a concrete manifestation of Balanced Scorecard.Strategy Maps can be visual expression of enterprise strategic themes,strategic objectives,as well as financial,customer,internal processes,learning and growth for each key point should focus on areas for timely balance,adjustment,communication.The Strategy Maps briefed on the meaning and specific mapping of the methods and steps,All that,combined with China's national conditions and the localization Strategy maps for the Chinese enterprises will bring long-term benefits.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Allopurinol in Tablets: Collaborative Study

A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of allopurinol in tablets was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories. The method uses a C18 reverse phase column, a 0.05M ammonium phosphate mobile phase, hypoxanthine as the internal standard, and photometric detection at 254 nm. Collaborators were supplied with samples of 2 commercial tablets and 1 synthetic tablet powder. The mean recovery value of allopurinol from the synthetic tablet powder was 100.0%. The combined mean coefficient of variation for all 3 types of sample analyzed was less than 2%. The method has been adopted official first action.
Dynamical Intention: Integrated Intelligence Modeling for Goal-Directed Embodied Agents

Intelligent embodied robots are integrated systems: As they move continuously through their environments, executing behaviors and carrying out tasks, components for low-level and high-level intelligence are integrated in the robot's cognitive system, and cognitive and physical processes combine to create their behavior. For a modeling framework to enable the design and analysis of such integrated intelligence, the underlying representations in the design of the robot should be dynamically sensitive, capable of reflecting both continuous motion and micro-cognitive influences, while also directly representing the necessary beliefs and intentions for goal-directed behavior. In this paper, a dynamical intention-based modeling framework is presented that satisfies these criteria, along with a hybrid dynamical cognitive agent (HDCA) framework for employing dynamical intentions in embodied agents. This dynamical intention-HDCA (DI-HDCA) modeling framework is a fusion of concepts from spreading activation networks, hybrid dynamical system models, and the BDI (belief-desire-intention) theory of goal-directed reasoning, adapted and employed unconventionally to meet entailments of environment and embodiment. The paper presents two kinds of autonomous agent learning results that demonstrate dynamical intentions and the multi-faceted integration they enable in embodied robots: with a simulated service robot in a grid-world office environment, reactive-level learning minimizes reliance on deliberative-level intelligence, enabling task sequencing and action selection to be distributed over both deliberative and reactive levels; and with a simulated game of Tag, the cognitive-physical integration of an autonomous agent enables the straightforward learning of a user-specified strategy during gameplay, without interruption to the game. In addition, the paper argues that dynamical intentions are consistent with cognitive theory underlying goal-directed behavior, and that DI-HDCA modeling may facilitate the study of emergent behaviors in embodied agents.
Monitoring and Preventing Congenital Zika Syndrome

The devastating fetal and infant outcomes associated with thalidomide use and rubella infection during pregnancy were key factors in the establishment of population-based surveillance for birth defects in the United States and globally to better monitor and address the effect of teratogens.1,2 This year, the recognition that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and serious brain abnormalities and growing evidence of its association with other birth defects has similar potential to transform our approach to global surveillance for, research on, and prevention of birth defects.3 ZIKV infection during pregnancy highlights the challenges of adequately monitoring and . . .
Use of Intraoperative Navigation for Reconstruction of the C1 Lateral Mass After Resection of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Background Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare blood-filled cystic lesions that are found in the long bones and spine. Here, we present a case of an ABC found in the lateral mass and lamina of C1. Lesions in this area provide a surgical challenge because of its difficulty to access as well as its need for reconstruction. We describe a novel use of intraoperative navigation (ION) to assist in the placement of a C1 lateral mass titanium cage. Case Description An 18-year-old female patient presented with headaches and progressive neck pain. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion involving the C1 lamina and right lateral mass. The patient underwent ION-assisted aggressive intralesional resection of the ABC and reconstruction of the C1 lateral mass with a static titanium cage, supplemented with posterior fusion from the occiput to C3. At 2-year follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence and the hardware remained intact. Conclusions ION is a useful aid in assessing the extent of tumor resection and performing cage reconstruction of the C1 lateral mass.
Brazil and China: the agribusiness connection in the Southern Cone context*

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which the Brazil–China axis is reshaping patterns of trade and investment in soy and related commodities. On the Brazilian side, we are particularly interested in the characteristics and dynamics of the models of investment and farming on the soy frontier. China′s extensive interests in Brazilian soy provide a privileged perspective to analyse the different ways in which it is trying to reshape the dynamics of global agricultural commodity trading. We also incorporate insights from China′s involvement in other Southern Cone countries, particularly Argentina. We explore the hypothesis that the scale of China′s food and raw material demands even at low levels of import dependence have led it to adopt ‘more-than-market’ strategies of control which raise important questions for existing patterns of world agricultural trade.
Data and Design: Using Knowledge Generation/Visual Analytic Paradigms to Understand Mobile Social Media in Urban Design

Architects and designers have recently become interested in the use of “big data”. The most common paradigm guiding this work is the optimization of a limited number of factors, e.g. facade designs maximizing light distribution. For most design problems, however, such optimization is oversimplified and reductive; the goal of design is the discovery of possibilities in conditions of complexity and uncertainty. This paper studies the use of Twitter as an extended case study for uncovering different methods for the analysis of urban social data, concluding that a visual analytic system that uses a knowledge generation approach is the best option to flexibly and effectively explore and understand large multidimensional urban datasets.
Postoperative Loss of Midline Function in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy

Purpose To identify the rate of and predictive variables for functionally limited shoulder internal rotation in postoperative patients with brachial plexus birth palsy. Methods Records of patients with brachial plexus birth palsy who had surgery on the affected upper extremity during a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, physical examinations, and all upper extremity procedures were recorded. Loss of midline function (LOM) was defined as a Modified Mallet Scale or Active Movement Scale (AMS) internal rotation score Results Among 172 included patients, 34 (19.8%) developed LOM. Predictive variables associated with LOM included severity of initial palsy (C5-7, odds ratio 3.6; C5-T1, odds ratio 4.9), poor recovery of upper trunk motor function before the patient's first surgery (specifically Modified Mallet Scale abduction Conclusions Approximately 1 in every 5 patients with brachial plexus birth palsy will develop LOM after entering a surgical algorithm designed to improve shoulder external rotation. Patients with a more severe initial palsy (C5-7 or global), poor spontaneous recovery of upper trunk motor function (elbow flexion or wrist extension) before their first procedure, and those who ultimately require surgical glenohumeral joint reduction should be counseled as having a higher odds of LOM development. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Transitioning Adolescents with HIV to Adult Care: Outcomes From a Prospective Multi-Site Study

Purpose: Youth (ages 13–29) living with HIV (YLHIV) account for nearly one-third of new HIV infections, face significant barriers to care engagement, and only 6% are virally suppressed. Healthcare transition (HCT) from pediatric/adolescent to adult-oriented care can be especially disruptive. Retrospective single-center studies indicate only half of youth remain engaged in care one-year post-HCT but no work prospectively examines HIV-related HCT. Accordingly, we examined HCT across 14 Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (ATN) clinical sites.
On Coloring and Colorability Analysis of Integrated Circuits with Triple and Quadruple Patterning Techniques

The continued delay of higher resolution alternatives for lithography, such as EUV, is forcing the continued adoption of multi-patterning solutions in new technology nodes, which include triple and quadruple patterning using several lithography-etch steps. In the design space each pattern of a multi-patterning solution is modeled as a color on a shape. Designers or EDA tools must determine the colors that each shape is assigned so that the relative position of any two shapes of the same color does not violate the design rules. This results in a shapes layout coloring problem which is formulated as the traditional k-coloring problem in a graph. Because color interactions cross cell boundaries, coloring of a flat (as opposed to hierarchical) design becomes necessary, tremendously increasing the size of the input graph. If a color conflict occurs, any attempt to fix it may cause a chain reaction propagating through the whole design space which makes any approach of the type color_greedily - fix_conflicts - loop_back infeasible. Given the situation, it is extremely desirable to have a set of design rules which provably guarantee k-colorability and admit a practical coloring algorithm. In this paper we formulate such sets of design rules for triple and quadruple patterning problems. For these sets of rules we provide proofs of colorability along with the coloring algorithms with the runtime upper bound of O(n·log n). We also show that our sets of design rules are almost tight in the sense that even a very small relaxation of the formulated rules leads to existence of not k-colorable designs.