cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Animal Consciousness: Some Philosophical, Methodological, and Evolutionary Problems1

Abstract No consensus exists concerning the mechanisms, distribution, or adaptive significance of consciousness. Agreement on any one of these issues would aid in resolving others. Given a reliable behavioral or neuroanatomical test for consciousness, we could map its distribution and describe its evolution. Conversely, if we knew its distribution, we could assess its adaptive value and look for similarly distributed neuroanatomies to help us get at its mechanisms. Morgan's Canon—the rule that we should avoid attributing humanlike mental states to other animals whenever possible—impedes the use of the comparative method in unraveling this knot. If interpreted in this context as a parsimony criterion, Morgan's Canon is logically equivalent to epiphenomenalism. It is parsimonious if and only if conscious mental events play no causal role in human behavior and human consciousness has no adaptive significance. Rejecting this conclusion entails rejecting the parsimony interpretation of Morgan's Canon.
The Role of Siblings and Psychological Needs in Predicting Life Satisfaction During Emerging Adulthood

Life satisfaction during emerging adulthood is important because it promotes positive psychological functioning and prevents risky behaviors that lead to poor health. Self-determination theory emphasizes the agentic nature of individuals to maintain well-being through the psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and the social contexts which influence these processes. Because siblings serve as an emotional resource throughout the life span, sibling support may predict well-being through these psychological needs. With this framework as a guide, 337 individuals from the Family Transitions Project reported sibling support at 17 years old, sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness at 19 years old, and life satisfaction at 20 years old. Sibling support in adolescence was significantly associated with autonomy, competence, relatedness, and life satisfaction in emerging adulthood. Sense of competence mediated the association between sibling support and later life satisfaction. Results ...
On the distribution of keys by hashing

The distribution of keys by a hash function as used in hash search with chaining is studied by considering the distribution of keys a random function front keys to buckets would give. This model gives surprisingly simple expressions for the mean value of some statistics on hash functions. It is also seen that the universal hash functions give the same distribution of keys, and so the results here are applicable to them too.
Why overlearned sequences are special: distinct neural networks for ordinal sequences

Several observations suggest that overlearned ordinal categories (e.g., letters, numbers, weekdays, months) are processed differently than non-ordinal categories in the brain. In synesthesia, for example, anomalous perceptual experiences are most often triggered by members of ordinal categories (Rich et al., 2005; Eagleman, 2009). In semantic dementia (SD), the processing of ordinal stimuli appears to be preserved relative to non-ordinal ones (Cappelletti et al., 2001). Moreover, ordinal stimuli often map onto unconscious spatial representations, as observed in the SNARC effect (Dehaene et al., 1993; Fias, 1996). At present, little is known about the neural representation of ordinal categories. Using functional neuroimaging, we show that words in ordinal categories are processed in a fronto-temporo-parietal network biased toward the right hemisphere. This differs from words in non-ordinal categories (such as names of furniture, animals, cars, and fruit), which show an expected bias toward the left hemisphere. Further, we find that increased predictability of stimulus order correlates with smaller regions of BOLD activation, a phenomenon we term prediction suppression. Our results provide new insights into the processing of ordinal stimuli, and suggest a new anatomical framework for understanding the patterns seen in synesthesia, unconscious spatial representation, and SD.
Progesterone facilitates the acquisition of avoidance learning and protects against subcortical neuronal death following prefrontal cortex ablation in the rat

Following a cortical injury, neurons in areas near and connected to the site of injury begin to degenerate. The observed neuronal death may contribute to the severity of the observed behavioral impairments. The purpose of the present study was to examine if progesterone, a hormone known for its effectiveness at reducing cerebral edema, could protect against secondary neuronal death and facilitate the acquisition of an avoidance learning task in an ablation model of cortical injury. Rats served as sham controls or received bilateral ablation of the medial prefrontal cortex followed by a 10-day regimen of progesterone (4 mg/kg) or oil vehicle (1 ml/kg) beginning 1 h after cortical lesions. Progesterone-treated lesion rats showed a significant facilitation of avoidance learning compared to oil-treated lesion controls. In addition, progesterone-treated lesion animals did not differ from either progesterone- or oil-treated sham controls in avoidance learning. Anatomical analysis revealed that progesterone treatment decreased the amount of neuronal death seen in the striatum and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The findings are consistent with the notion that progesterone is an effective neuroprotective agent and suggest that the hormone can reduce the behavioral impairments associated with frontal cortical ablation injury.
Optimization of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with biological objectives

IMRT treatment planning via biological objectives gives rise to constrained nonlinear optimization problems. We consider formulations with nonlinear objectives based on the equivalent uniform dose (EUD), with bound constraints on the beamlet weights, and describe fast, flexible variants of the two-metric gradient-projection approach for solving them efficiently and in a mathematically sound manner. We conclude that an approach that calculates the Newton component of the step iteratively, by means of the conjugate-gradient algorithm and an implicit representation of the Hessian matrix, is most effective. We also present an efficient heuristic for obtaining an approximate solution with a smoother distribution of beamlet weights. The effectiveness of the methods is verified by testing on a medium-scale clinical case.
Lisfranc injury and Jones fracture in sports

This article provides an update and overview of Lisfranc injury and Jones fracture in the athletic population. Sports-related Lisfranc sprains or fractures are subtle injuries that can be easily missed. Now, there is greater understanding of midfoot sprains that represent a spectrum of injury to the Lisfranc ligament complex. Most types of fifth metatarsal fractures have a favorable prognosis and can be treated conservatively. The treatment options for Jones fractures in athletes have been much debated. This article discusses issues related to anatomy, mechanism of injury, clinical presentation, imaging, and diagnosis, which are necessary to appropriately treat these injuries.
Factors that impact adolescents' intentions to utilize alcohol-related prevention services

The current study is the first to examine factors that may be associated with middle school students' intentions to use alcohol-related prevention services. Youth (N=1506; 46% male; 11–14 years old) completed surveys on their intentions to use alcohol-related services, beliefs about services, previous use of services, and substance use. Students who reported stronger positive beliefs reported greater intentions to use services. Girls, younger students, and whites also reported stronger interest in using services than boys, older students, and youth of mixed ethnicity, respectively. Adolescents who reported current use of substances were less willing to use prevention services. Current research highlights the importance of creating prevention services for this age group that are developmentally relevant and that focus on features that will attract youth, such as utilizing an interactive discussion format. Beginning to understand what motivates adolescents to seek help can facilitate the creation of better prevention programs.
Party Differences in State Budget Outcomes Are There After All: Response to “Reexamining the Dynamic Model of Divided Partisan Government”

Alt and Lowry (2000) show that Democrats generally target more of state income for public budgets than do Republicans, though exact party positions vary from state to state, and unified governments adjust faster than divided. McAtee, Yackee, and Lowery (2003) question these results. However, their estimated revenue changes ignore income shares, usually set independent variables equal to sample rather than subsample means, and omit some fixed effects. Modeling short-run changes during transitions must take note of different conditions under which different partisan configurations assume power. When their estimates do this, predicted revenue changes relative to income line up as we expected. Their analysis raises other issues regarding polarization and the distribution of partisan configurations across space and time that merit further investigation.
Spatial and temporal distribution of oak wilt in golden-cheeked warbler habitat

Research suggests the presence of oak wilt in Ashe juniper–oak (Juniperus ashei–Quercus spp.) woodland has a negative effect on habitat selection and quality for the federally endangered golden-cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia). We used aerial imagery and an occupancy model to estimate the amount of golden-cheeked warbler habitat within our study region in Texas, USA, that was affected by oak wilt over a 10-year timeframe, 2008–2018, and to assess the current probability of warbler occupancy in areas affected by oak wilt prior to 1983. We also quantified vegetation characteristics to assess regeneration in areas affected by the disease. Our results indicate that oak wilt frequently occurs in golden-cheeked warbler habitat and will continue to spread into warbler habitat in the coming years. We estimated that 6.9% of golden-cheeked warbler habitat within our study region in the southwestern portion of the warbler's range was affected by oak wilt in 2008. By 2018, we predict that 13.3% of golden-cheeked warbler habitat will be affected by the disease. Areas affected by oak wilt prior to 1983 were less likely to be classified as current potential warbler habitat than were unaffected areas. We found no differences between the understory vegetation of affected and unaffected areas but, in general, oaks were more common in the overstory than in the understory, suggesting that species composition in affected areas may shift following an outbreak of oak wilt. Future management efforts should address the threat oak wilt poses to golden-cheeked warblers by incorporating applicable preventative measures. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
The Women in Applied Science and Engineering (WISE) Recruitment Programs: investing in the future

The Women in Applied Science and Engineering (WISE) Summer Recruitment Programs are designed to introduce female students to the twelve engineering disciplines available at ASU. WISE TEAMS targets middle school girls entering grades 6-9, especially under-represented ethnic minorities. The TEAMS program consists of three days of team training in the context of science and engineering exploration. The hands-on engineering and science labs and physical activities are described. WISE-Up, a weeklong residential program, is offered for high school girls entering grades 10-12. WISE-Up offers a variety of labs and activities, company tours, team-building exercises, and a weeklong, hands-on, team project. In addition, WISE awards scholarships to outstanding senior participants in WISE-Up. An overview of the WISE Summer Recruitment Programs is presented, as well as retention data on 1997-2000 participants who are now attending ASU. In addition, the paper discusses the need for and impact of recruitment programs specifically geared toward female students.
PCB EMC design guidelines: a brief annotated list

Some of the worst printed circuit board design choices are made by engineers who are trying to comply with a list of EMC design guidelines. Nevertheless, a short list of design guidelines can be helpful at times. This paper reviews some of the more general EMC design guidelines for printed circuit board layout.
Energy Bands and the Soft-X-Ray Absorption in Si

The contribution of transitions from the $L$ shell to the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of silicon has been calculated including one-electron matrix elements. The inclusion of one-electron matrix elements does not resolve the discrepancy found between conduction-band density of states and soft-x-ray spectra. It is pointed out that, contrary to the claim of Kunz, the soft-x-ray data do not tell us the order of the zone-center levels in Si.
Non-parametric applications of an infinite dimensional convolution theorem

This paper gives a general approach to the statistical problem of efficient non-parametric estimation. The main tool is an abstract (infinite dimensional) convolution theorem of the Hajek-Le Cam type. This result is applied to the problems of efficiently estimating measures, quantile functions, spectral functions (of stationary processes), minimum distance functionals, M functional, and so forth.
Cystic resolution: A performance metric for ultrasound imaging systems

This paper describes a metric that can be used to characterize the resolution of arbitrary broadband coherent imaging systems. The metric is particularly suited to medical ultrasound because it characterizes scanner performance using the contrast obtained by imaging anechoic cysts of various sizes that are embedded in a speckle-generating background, accounting for the effect of electronic noise. We present the theoretical derivation of the metric and provide simulation examples that demonstrate its utility. We use the metric to compare a low-cost, handheld, C-scan system under development in our laboratory to conventional ultrasound scanners. We also present the results of simulations that were designed to evaluate and optimize various parameters in our system, including the f/# and apodization windows. We investigate the impact of electronic noise on our system and quantify the tradeoffs associated with quantization in the analog to digital converter. Results indicate that an f/1 receive aperture combined with 10-bit precision and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB per channel would result in adequate image quality
Impacts into non-polar ice-rich paleodeposits on Mars: Excess ejecta craters, perched craters and pedestal craters as clues to Amazonian climate history

We compare three previously independently studied crater morphologies – excess ejecta craters, perched craters, and pedestal craters – each of which has been proposed to form from impacts into an ice-rich surface layer. Our analysis identifies the specific similarities and differences between the crater types; the commonalities provide significant evidence for a genetic relationship among the morphologies. We use new surveys of excess ejecta and perched craters in the southern hemisphere in conjunction with prior studies of all of the morphologies to create a comprehensive overview of their geographic distributions and physical characteristics. From these analyses, we conclude that excess ejecta craters and perched craters are likely to have formed from the same mechanism, with excess ejecta craters appearing fresh while perched craters have experienced post-impact modification and infilling. Impacts that led to these two morphologies overwhelmed the ice-rich layer, penetrating into the underlying martian regolith, resulting in the excavation of rock that formed the blocky ejecta necessary to armor the surface and preserve the ice-rich deposits. Pedestal craters, which tend to be smaller in diameter, have the same average deposit thickness as excess ejecta and perched craters, and form in the same geographic regions. They rarely have ejecta around their crater rims, instead exhibiting a smooth pedestal surface. We interpret this to mean that they form from impacts into the same type of ice-rich paleodeposit, but that they do not penetrate through the icy surface layer, and thus do not generate a blocky ejecta covering. Instead, a process related to the impact event appears to produce a thin, indurated surface lag deposit that serves to preserve the ice-rich material. These results provide a new basis to identify the presence of Amazonian non-polar ice-rich deposits, to map their distribution in space and time, and to assess Amazonian climate history. Specifically, the ages, distribution and physical attributes of the crater types suggest that tens to hundreds of meters of ice-rich material has been episodically emplaced at mid latitudes in both hemispheres throughout the Amazonian due to obliquity-driven climate variations. These deposits likely accumulated more frequently in the northern lowlands, resulting in a larger population of all three crater morphologies in the northern hemisphere.
Discrepancies between Radar Data and the Lunar Ephemeris

Eckert-Brown lunar ephemeris predictions discrepancies with radar data of radial velocities
Benefits of local residents visiting La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica

Many conservation organizations have attempted to reduce local threats to protected areas (PAs) by providing environmental education programmes in neighbouring communities. There is a great need to understand the effectiveness of these programmes in promoting support for PAs and ultimately reducing threats to biodiversity. La Selva Biological Station, a private PA in Costa Rica, has become increasingly threatened by illegal hunting in the PA and deforestation and land degradation in surrounding areas. The Station has responded with several outreach projects including an annual free visiting day. This study used a survey instrument to evaluate the benefits of local residents visiting La Selva. Specifically, three questions were asked: (1) is there a difference in ecological knowledge of local residents among residents who have visited the Station and those that have not; (2) does an increase in knowledge relate to a perceived benefit from the PA; and (3) does recognition of a perceived benefit among local people result in fewer residents admitting to hunting or desiring to hunt in the PA? This study showed that those residents who had visited the station had a greater understanding of ecological concepts than those residents that had never been to the station, suggesting that such visits provided educational opportunities. Men also had greater ecological knowledge than women. Additionally, residents were more likely to value the PA if they had a greater knowledge of local ecology and conservation. Increased knowledge and recognition of perceived benefit however, do not necessarily translate into lifestyle changes that benefit conservation; no relationship was detected between residents who stated they benefited from the PA and those who said they did not have a desire to hunt, but younger respondents were more likely to express an interest in hunting than older respondents. The results presented here suggest that protected areas generally may benefit from visitation by local residents. However, further study is needed to determine if such outreach activities actually decrease local threats to conservation efforts, such as hunting.
A monoclonal antibody that blocks class II histocompatibility-related immune interactions

Previous studies using conventional hetero- or isoantisera have indicated the involvement of class II (Ia) molecules in presentation of soluble antigen by monocytes to inducer T lymphocytes, stimulation of inducer T cells in MLR, and recognition of Ia-bearing target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The experience in using monoclonal anti-Ia reagents capable of blocking these phenomena in the human system is limited. Recently, however, we have characterized a lytic IgG2a monoclonal antibody, 9-49, that binds to functionally significant class II molecules. This antibody blocks (in the absence of complement): (1) specific binding of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to antigen-pulsed monocyte monolayers, (2) proliferation of PBL in response to soluble antigen (tetanus toxoid or mumps) or cell surface class II antigen stimulation in allogeneic or autologous MLR, (3) proliferation of cloned T4+ (inducer) lymphocyte cell lines to class II antigens, (4) generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes during allogeneic MLR, and (5) recognition (and killing) of class II-bearing target cells by T4+ CTL clones. Proliferation and CTL activity of a T8+ clone is unaffected by the 9-49 antibody. These results indicate the usefulness of this monoclonal reagent in studies evaluating the functional role of Ia molecules in immune recognition phenomena.
A scalable architecture of a structured LDPC decoder

We present a scalable decoding architecture for a certain class of structured LDPC codes. The codes are designed using a small (n, r) protograph that is replicated Z times to produce a decoding graph for a (Z/spl times/n, Z/spl times/r) code. Using this architecture, we have implemented a decoder for a (4096, 2048) LDPC code on a Xilinx Virtex-II 2000 FPGA, and achieved decoding speeds of 31 Mbps with 10 fixed iterations. The implemented message-passing algorithm uses an optimized 3-bit nonuniform quantizer that allows near floating point performance in the waterfall region, with drastically smaller hardware implementation requirements.
DIVERGENCE BETWEEN STONE COMPOSITION AND URINE SUPERSATURATION: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY IMPLICATIONS

AbstractPurpose: In general high urine supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate or uric acid is associated with that phase in stones. We explore the exceptions when supersaturation is high and a corresponding solid phase is absent (type 1), and when the solid phase is present but supersaturation is absent or low (type 2).Materials and Methods: Urine supersaturation values for calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid, and other accepted stone risk factors were measured in 538 patients at a research clinic and 178 at stone prevention sites in a network served by a single laboratory.Results: Of the patients 14% lacked high supersaturation for the main stone constituent (type 2 structural divergence) because of high urine volume and low calcium excretion, perhaps from changes in diet and fluid intake prompted by stones. Higher calcium excretion and low urine volume caused type 1 divergences, which posed no clinical concern.Conclusions: Type 1 divergence appears to represent a...
The Common Law and Statutes

Originally presented as a part of the John R. Coen Lecture Series at the University of Colorado School of Law on April 20, 1998, this essay takes issue with the currently fashionable argument that statutory meaning is forever fixed by a statute's text as it would have been understood when it was written. This static view of meaning, it argues, tends to defeat, not support, legislative processes, by engendering excessive friction between the legislative and judicial branches. Nor can it be defended, in a common law system, by the bromide that only a legislature is authorized to make law; while legislative authority is primary, courts are also sources of law through the operation of the common law system of precedent. Indeed, the application of the system of precedent to statutory interpretation in the United States, a natural element of our common law heritage, makes the "static meaning" position incoherent. Drawing comparisons to civilian systems and textual opinions from the Supreme Court, the essay concludes that static textualism ignores the precedential quality of judicial decision and defeats the evolution of law through interaction between legislatures and judiciaries, that are defining characteristics of our common law system.
Auxin: Shape matters

Auxin binds to its receptor within a ubiquitin ligase complex and promotes the binding and degradation of transcriptional repressors. The discovery of a cyclophilin isomerase enzyme critical in this process adds a new twist to auxin signalling.
Generation of 25-J nanosecond pulses with stimulated Brillouin scattering

A two-cell stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse compressor design that can be scaled to large laser pulse energies is described. The configuration uses two SBS ceils arranged as shown in Fig. 1. The design uses a polarizing beam splitter to direct a portion of the input energy into an oscillator region while the remaining energy is directed into an amplifier region of the SBS cell.
Relation of cortisone pretreatment to mobilization of lipids to liver by pituitary extracts.

Summary and conclusions1, Many, but not all, pituitary preparations produce an increase in liver fat content when administered to intact mice. This response is completely abolished by adrenalectomy.2. Neither cortisone nor any other adrenocortical steroid tested to date is able, of itself, to cause a substantial increase in liver fat level of intact or of adrenalectomized mice. In the latter, however, the usual post-adren-alectomy loss of liver fat is prevented.3. When pre-treated with adrenocortical hormone (cortisone), the ability of adrenalectomized mice to respond to pituitary hormone by mobilization of fat to the liver is equal to or greater than that of intact mice. Pituitary substances (growth hormone; weakly potent ACTH) inactive in either intact or adrenalectomized animals, became quite effective in mobilizing fat to the liver if the animals are pre-treated with adrenocortical hormone.4. It is concluded that to mobilize fat from the depots to the liver the animal requires at least two factors, (1...
Euler's Constant, Taylor's Formula, and Slowly Converging Series

(1992). Euler's Constant, Taylor's Formula, and Slowly Converging Series. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 302-313.
Experimental eosinophilia X. Relation of antigen-antibody complex size and protein molecular weight to cell responses.

SummaryEosinophil infiltrations were found in guinea pig popliteal lymph nodes 6 hours after foot pad injections of purified proteins or corresponding soluble antigen-antibody complexes. Quantitated cell responses in this model served to evaluate eosinotactic influences of primary antigen exposure and of antigen-antibody union. Ribonuclease (BRN), serum albumin (BSA), gamma globulin (BGG), and thyroglobulin (BTG) of bovine origin; horse spleen ferritin (HSF), hemo-cyanin (HCN) from Homarus americanus, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were used as representative purified proteins ranging in molecular weights from 13,000 to 40,700,000 and to prepare a spectrum of soluble complexes with rabbit antibody in moderate excesses of antigen. In equal weight dosages the smaller complexes and preparations of lower molecular weight proteins evoked significantly greater eosinophilia (BRN > BSA, BGG, HSF>BTG, HCN, TMV). When dosages of the preparations from specific proteins (BRN, BSA, BGG, BTG, HCN) were based on equival...
ON THE MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC VARIATION BY DISRUPTIVE SELECTION AMONG HOSTS IN A PHYTOPHAGOUS MITE.

The phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae is broadly polyphagous, having been reported from hundreds of different host species in many different families (Jeppson et al., 1975). Some hosts, such as varieties of tomato and cucumber, typically cause high juvenile mortality of T. urticae (e.g., Gould, 1978a, 1979; Fry, 1988a, 1989), even though these hosts are often used by natural populations of the mites (Gilbert et al., 1966; Gould, 1978b; Fry, 1988a). In laboratory experiments, however, T. urticae populations have been shown to be able to rapidly adapt to tomato, cucumber, and other initially unfavorable hosts, sometimes experiencing more than two-fold gains in survival in under 10 generations (Gould, 1979; Fry, 1989). This raises the question of how genetic variation for fitness on these hosts is maintained. In other words, why should populations often be far below their fitness maxima in environments they normally encounter? One obvious way of answering this question is to invoke "trade-offs" in adaptation to different hosts (Gould, 1979; Rausher, 1983; Mitter and Futuyma, 1983; Futuyma and Peterson, 1985). If genotypes favored by selection on some hosts are selected against on others, this could keep populations from attaining their fitness maximum on any host. In fact, experiments by Gould (1979) and Fry (1990) support the trade-off hypothesis for T. urticae. In these experiments, laboratory populations that had been allowed to adapt to cucumber and tomato, respectively, lost a considerable proportion of that adaptation after being maintained on a third host, lima bean, for about 10 generations. Selection rather than genetic drift appeared to be the more likely explanation for this "reversion," because population sizes were on the order of 1,000 or more. While the reversion in the above experiments gave evidence that genotypes that were relatively well adapted to cucumber or tomato were selected against on bean, neither Gould nor Fry could detect statistically significant differences between the cucumber or tomato-adapted line and the control line in survival or fecundity on bean. In Fry's (1990) study, a confidence interval showed that fecundity on bean of the tomatoadapted line was probably not more than 10% lower than that of the control line. The fitness comparisons on bean in both studies were conducted under un-
PVR BUT NOT DPG PREDICTS CARDIAC HOSPITALIZATIONS IN LEFT HEART DISEASE-ASSOCIATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Both PVR and DPG are used to identify pre-capillary involvement in pulmonary hypertension in the setting of Left Heart Disease (PH-LHD). Significant hospitalization rates exist in heart failure and we hypothesized increased cardiac hospitalization in PH-LHD with pre-capillary involvement. Study
Analyses for Libraries in Beijing Tender at 2006—2009

Based on data of Libraries in Beijing tender at 2006—2009,we can know the tender quantity is increase every year,the quantity of units are comparatively regular.For make further analyses these tender quantity,tender goods,tender price,we can get the model libraries in Beijing tender.
Numerical study on dissolved matter transport in Falls Lake Reservoir

As a consequence of the dam,the physical transport of dissolved matter is profoundly affected by human activities in reservoirs.A three-dimensional numerical model,Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code(EFDC),is used to study the physical mechanisms of mass transport in the Falls Lake Reservoir in North Carolina,USA.The spatial and temporal variations of the mean age and the residence time of a tracer are analyzed.Under steady-state conditions with constant in-/out-flows,the dissolved matter transport is dominated by river discharges.Under dynamic conditions,the phase of the water storage is also an important factor.The geometric feature and the function of the reservoir and the distribution of the tributary runoffs are the major factors that contribute to the differences of the local residence times.
Chevrolet Lechi Hang Gliding Speed Idle Gap Repair Case

With a large number of service instances,interpretation of current cars from different angles,a common vehicle idling too high or unstable idle when the symptoms and causes,propose some solution.Validate to prove that these methods can quickly resolve such failures,and aspects of maintenance for the vehicle to provide a good template.
Post-therapeutic radiation injuries of the nervous system

The introduction of the concept of Nominal Standard Dose and of Time, Dose Fractionation Factors ostensibly permits definition of tolerance doses for normal tissues in unequivocal terms. However, even with these refinements, tolerance doses remain, at best, guidelines, because radiobiologic effectiveness is governed not only by the effective dose, but also by individual factors, which will modify the response. Attention must be accorded to these biologic parameters, in order to prevent injury to healthy tissues. Of particular significance are the relative size or volume of the irradiated tissue, the possible presence of co-existing pathology in the exposed organ and the development of disease after the termination of the treatment.
ANAs and antibodies to DNA: their use in clinical diagnosis

Abstract Antinuclear antibody tests complement clinical data. They acquire meaning in the context of definable rheumatic diseases or in early or otherwise partially expressed systemic rheumatic diseases. Diagnostic tests are not illnesses in themselves; they help define and sub-classify systemic rheumatic diseases when the test information is integrated with the clinical data. In these contexts, ANA tests are powerful adjuncts in clinical diagnosis and disease classification.
Reliability-based optimization aimed for task allocation in heterogeneous distributed computing systems

This paper investigates the problem of allocating parallel application tasks to processors in heterogeneous distributed computing systems. The authors are proposing a simple, fast and effective algorithm to find the best possible solution with low computation time. The proposed algorithm uses the Correlation Density Rank (CDR) algorithm on the Virtual Allocation Network (VAN) in order to obtain reliability-based influence coefficients. Those coefficients are used to construct a simple linear programing as a new framework. We study the performance of the proposed algorithm over a wide range of parameters including problem size, the ratio of average communication time to average computation time, and task interaction density. The applicability and effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated by comparing with recently published related algorithms, which are found in the literature.
Atmospheric thermal location estimation

A technique for finding and estimating the locations of atmospheric thermals for the purpose of exploiting the updraft energy to enable the aircraft to remain aloft while reducing or eliminating the need to expend fuel or energy and operational regardless of whether the aircraft is under powered flight or is gliding.
Abstract 318: Dynamic Mass Redistribution Analysis Of Endogenous β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling In Cardiac Cells

β-adenergic receptors (βAR) are important regulators of normal and pathologic cardiac function, and are expressed in cardiomyocytes as well as cardiac fibroblasts, where relatively fewer studies have explored the biological responses to βAR stimulation. We used label-free dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) to elucidate the biological response to stimulation of endogenous βAR in primary rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, and to begin to explore the pathways responsible for these effects. Isoproterenol (ISO, non-selective for β1/β2), salbutamol (Sal, β2-selective) and dobutamine (Dob, β1-selective) concentration-dependently induced increases in DMR response, with the Dob-induced response significantly less than either ISO- or Sal-induced DMR, consistent with the reduced expression of β1AR vs β2AR in cardiac fibroblasts. Addition of propranolol (Prop) competitively blocked the DMR effect induced by all 3 agonists, while the addition of cholera toxin (CTX) non-competitively blocked the effects of each agonist. Overall, the CTX-sensitive DMR effect accounted for approximately 75% of the response, while 25% of the biological response was CTX-insensitive. To confirm that the CTX-sensitive DMR response was mediated by downstream Gαs protein-dependent signaling, cAMP generation was assessed via FRET where ISO produced a similar concentration-effect curve and EC50 value as attained with DMR. All of the cAMP generation response was ablated by both Prop and CTX, indicating that the CTX-sensitive acute DMR effect to βAR stimulation is directly related to cAMP generation. Since ~25% of the DMR effect was not CTX-sensitive, other Gαs protein-independent signaling pathways are presumably activated in response to βAR stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts. To assess this possibility, EGFR internalization was quantitated as an indicator of βAR-mediated EGFR transactivation. EGFR internalization increased in response to ISO stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner, with a similar EC50 value as attained in the DMR assay. Defining the relative contributions of different βAR pathways in cardiac fibroblasts will help establish the importance of these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in the heart.
Tau, amyloid, and cascading network failure across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Abstract Functionally related brain regions are selectively vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. However, molecular markers of this pathophysiology (i.e., beta-amyloid and tau aggregates) have discrepant spatial and temporal patterns of progression within these selectively vulnerable brain regions. Existing reductionist pathophysiologic models cannot account for these large-scale spatiotemporal inconsistencies. Within the framework of the recently proposed cascading network failure model of Alzheimer's disease, however, these large-scale patterns are to be expected. This model postulates the following: 1) a tau-associated, circumscribed network disruption occurs in brain regions specific to a given phenotype in clinically normal individuals; 2) this disruption can trigger phenotype independent, stereotypic, and amyloid-associated compensatory brain network changes indexed by changes in the default mode network; 3) amyloid deposition marks a saturation of functional compensation and portends an acceleration of the inciting phenotype specific, and tau-associated, network failure. With the advent of in vivo molecular imaging of tau pathology, combined with amyloid and functional network imaging, it is now possible to investigate the relationship between functional brain networks, tau, and amyloid across the disease spectrum within these selectively vulnerable brain regions. In a large cohort (n = 218) spanning the Alzheimer's disease spectrum from young, amyloid negative, cognitively normal subjects to Alzheimer's disease dementia, we found several distinct spatial patterns of tau deposition, including ‘Braak-like’ and ‘non-Braak-like’, across functionally related brain regions. Rather than arising focally and spreading sequentially, elevated tau signal seems to occur system-wide based on inferences made from multiple cross-sectional analyses we conducted looking at regional patterns of tau signal. Younger age-of-disease-onset was associated with ‘non-Braak-like’ patterns of tau, suggesting an association with atypical clinical phenotypes. As predicted by the cascading network failure model of Alzheimer's disease, we found that amyloid is a partial mediator of the relationship between functional network failure and tau deposition in functionally connected brain regions. This study implicates large-scale brain networks in the pathophysiology of tau deposition and offers support to models incorporating large-scale network physiology into disease models linking tau and amyloid, such as the cascading network failure model of Alzheimer's disease.
From the History of the Pre-Marxist Aesthetics in Bohemia: Herbartian Formalism

From a bird’s eye view, the history of nineteenth-century aesthetics can be cast in terms of strife between two mutually opposed philosophical camps. On the one hand, the champions of a content-ori...
Physical and numerical evaluation of rock strength in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar testing

Abstract Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) testing was used to evaluate the strength characteristics of sandstone under uniaxial compressive loading. The physical results suggest that rock strength increases under dynamic loading. A hybrid bonded particle-finite element model was used for numerical simulation of SHPB tests. A parameter called rock strength enhancement coefficient was introduced which is multiplied by the relative velocity of particles at the contact points to increase the bond strength between the particles. It is shown that a much better match between the physical and numerical results is realized if this enhancement coefficient is applied in the numerical simulation.
Common Sense in Metaphysics

In the last chapter consideration was given to the philosophical background out of which Moore’s work emerged and in relation to which it must be viewed. We found Moore to have been critical of the British Empiricists in their perception of philosophy as mental science and, following an initial association with that school, of idealism too. Following that discussion we can now turn to consideration of a further dimension of Moore’s work, namely: the development of those positions in metaphysics which he himself would defend. In this chapter I will concentrate upon Moore’s use in philosophical matters of what he calls ‘common sense’. In subsequent chapters we will see how his analyses both of perceptual propositions and of propositions about abstract entities are connected to those defenses. For the present, however, our interest lies with the contribution made by those defenses themselves to what, in traditional terms, might be called philosophical problems about the external world. My consideration of Moore’s work in this chapter will consist of examination and appraisal of his arguments to prove1 the existence of an enduring world independent of experience, and to justify our ordinary supposition that we possess certain knowledge of the existence of such a world. On both scores Moore’s arguments reduce to his reliance upon common knowledge and belief.
Modeling Short-Term Energy Load with Continuous Conditional Random Fields

Short-term energy load forecasting, such as hourly predictions for the next n (n ≤ 2) hours, will benefit from exploiting the relationships among the n estimated outputs. This paper treats such multi-steps ahead regression task as a sequence labeling (regression) problem, and adopts a Continuous Conditional Random Fields (CCRF) strategy. This discriminative approach intuitively integrates two layers: the first layer aims at the prior knowledge for the multiple outputs, and the second layer employs edge potential features to implicitly model the interplays of the n interconnected outputs. Consequently, the proposed CCRF makes predictions not only basing on observed features, but also considering the estimated values of related outputs, thus improving the overall predictive accuracy. In particular, we boost the CCRF's predictive performance with a multi-target function as its edge feature. These functions convert the relationship of related outputs with continuous values into a set of "sub-relationships", each providing more specific feature constraints for the interplays of the related outputs. We applied the proposed approach to two real-world energy load prediction systems: one for electricity demand and another for gas usage. Our experimental results show that the proposed strategy can meaningfully reduce the predictive error for the two systems, in terms of mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error, when compared with three benchmarking methods. Promisingly, the relative error reduction achieved by our CCRF model was up to 50%.
Evolution of neurocognitive function in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy only.

10505Background: Long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for neurocognitive problems, whether these problems evolve over time is not well delineated. Methods...
GRADIENT-BASED SOLUTION OF MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ANGLE ESTIMATION FOR VIRTUAL ARRAY MEASUREMENTS

Precise measurement and characterization of millimeter wave channels requires antennas capable of high angular resolution to resolve closely spaced multipath sources. To achieve angular resolution on the order of a few degrees these antennas must be electrically large which is impractical for phased array architectures at millimeter wave frequencies. An alternative approach is to synthesize a virtual aperture in space by using an accurate mechanical positioner to move a receive antenna to points along a sampling grid. An advantage of creating virtual apertures is that the received signal is digitized at every spatial sample position which enables the use of sophisticated angle estimation algorithms such as maximum likelihood (ML) techniques. The main contribution of this paper is a new gradient-based implementation of maximum likelihood angle estimation that was demonstrated on virtual array data collected at 28 GHz using a vector network analyzer (VNA).
Orange Cane Blotch of Commercial Blackberry in the Southeastern United States

Orange cane blotch affects commercial blackberry production in the southeastern United States, mainly in the Coastal Plain region. The causal agent is a slow-growing parasitic alga, Cephaleuros vir...
Russia’s French Connection: A History of the Lasting French Imprint on Russian Culture

While it is generally acknowledged that Russia’s culture has been influenced by France, the present study goes beyond the Francophile preferences of the noble elite and examines Russian society more broadly, exploring those elements of French cultural influence that are still relevant today. This is done through an historical analysis of French loanwords in the Russian language from the time of Peter the Great to the present. The result of this lexical analysis and subsequent study of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century archival, periodical, and memoir material is to empirically link Russia’s present culture to two major Franco-Russian events: the wave of immigration to Russia following the French Revolution and Russia’s war with Napoleon. This is primarily a book for those interested in European history, particularly imperial Russia, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars. The study of Russian officer memoirs includes original campaign maps, which may be of interest to military historians. The analysis of periodical literature will likewise be a resource for those studying the history of printing, publishing, and journalism in Russia. The book’s interdisciplinary nature, however, broadens its relevance to linguists, cultural historians, and those in the emerging field of Immigration Studies.
Parallel Nanoimprint Forming of One-Dimensional Chiral Semiconductor for Strain-Engineered Optical Properties

The low-dimensional, highly anisotropic geometries, and superior mechanical properties of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials allow the exquisite strain engineering with a broad tunability inaccessible to bulk or thin-film materials. Such capability enables unprecedented possibilities for probing intriguing physics and materials science in the 1D limit. Among the techniques for introducing controlled strains in 1D materials, nanoimprinting with embossed substrates attracts increased attention due to its capability to parallelly form nanomaterials into wrinkled structures with controlled periodicities, amplitudes, orientations at large scale with nanoscale resolutions. Here, we systematically investigated the strain-engineered anisotropic optical properties in Te nanowires through introducing a controlled strain field using a resist-free thermally assisted nanoimprinting process. The magnitude of induced strains can be tuned by adjusting the imprinting pressure, the nanowire diameter, and the patterns on the substrates. The observed Raman spectra from the chiral-chain lattice of 1D Te reveal the strong lattice vibration response under the strain. Our results suggest the potential of 1D Te as a promising candidate for flexible electronics, deformable optoelectronics, and wearable sensors. The experimental platform can also enable the exquisite mechanical control in other nanomaterials using substrate-induced, on-demand, and controlled strains.