cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract T P278: The Addition of the Post-Stroke Checklist to Standard Outcome Measures During a 90 Day Post-Stroke Follow-up Evaluation Identifies Unique Unmet Needs Relevant to Stroke Recovery

Background: The Post Stroke Checklist (PSC) is an easily administered tool to identify unmet needs in stroke patients. The relative value of the PSC compared to other outcome measures has yet to be determined. We have evaluated the utility of the PSC at 30 days post-stroke, and now report the use of the PSC at 90 days post-stroke. Methods: We evaluated 213 ischemic stroke patients 90 days post discharge in our Stroke Clinic. The PSC was administered as well as the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) - scored by a nurse and reviewed by a stroke physician. We stratified each scale according to severity and identified actionable PSC items. Using Fisher’s Exact Test we tested for differences in each of the 11 individual items across the two mRS and BI stratified severity groups. Wilcoxon Rank Sum test measured differences in total PSC score (range 0-9) across mRS and BI severity groups. Results: 103 patients responded positively to one or more PSC items. The cognition item had the highest frequency, 51 (23.9%) of positive responses followed by the mood item, 33 (15.49). The median (range) BI was 100 (10-100) and mRS was 1 (0-5). Patients were distributed across the two BI and mRS severity groups: BI-S (more severe) 0-89 (n=26) and BI-L (less severe) 90-100 (n=187); mRS-S (more severe) 3-5 (n=31) and mRS-L (less severe) 0-2 (n=159). There were significant differences in total PSC scores across both mRS (p=<0.0001) and BI (p=.002) severity groups. There were significant differences in the mood (p=<0.0001), cognition (p=0.004), and life after stroke (p=0.014) items across the mRS severity groups. Patients in the more severe mRS group had higher proportion of positive responses on the mood, cognition and life after stroke items. Conclusion: The PSC identified a substantial proportion of unmet needs in both low severity and high severity stroke patients. The highest frequency related to cognitive function and mood/mental health - often overlooked if not probed for. Our results suggest the importance of cognitive and mental health assessment/referral, especially for high severity stroke patients.
β-Galactosidase for Distinguishing between Citrobacter and Salmonella

Detection of β-galactosidase with the aid of o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) was examined as a means for distinguishing between Citrobacter and Salmonella. Several factors which influence sensitivity and reliability of the test were studied. A bacteriostat, sodium azide, was included to permit prolonged incubation of weak and negative strains of enteric bacilli. By the procedure described, salmonellae gave negative ONPG tests; all of 171 strains of Citrobacter gave positive tests.
Characterization of Bacteriophage gh-1 for Pseudomonas putida

Lee, Lucy F. (Michigan State University, East Lansing), and J. A. Boezi. Characterization of bacteriophage gh-1 for Pseudomonas putida . J. Bacteriol. 92: 1821–1827. 1966.—Bacteriophage gh-1 of Pseudomonas putida A.3.12 was isolated and purified by differential centrifugation and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose chromatography. An electron micrograph of the phage stained with uranyl acetate revealed a regular hexagonal outline about 50 mμ across with a short wedge-shaped tail attached at one corner of the head. The phage formed 10% as many plaques on P. putida C1S as on P. putida A.3.12, the organism used in the isolation procedure. No plaques were formed on P. fluorescens (ATCC 9712) or P. aeruginosa . The latent period of the infectious cycle was 21 min, and the average burst size was 103. The nucleic acid component of gh-1 is double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), with a base composition of 57.0% guanine plus cytosine (G + C) as determined by chemical analysis. The per cent G + C of P. putida A.3.12 DNA measured in a similar manner was 63.7%. The buoyant density of phage gh-1 measured by cesium chloride equilibrium centrifugation was 1.45 g/cm 3 , whereas that of gh-1 DNA, heat-denatured gh-1 DNA, and P. putida A.3.12 DNA was 1.716, 1.730, and 1.722 g/cm 3 , respectively. The per cent G + C of gh-1 DNA and P. putida A.3.12 DNA calculated from the buoyant densities was 57.1 and 63.3%, respectively. The sedimentation coefficients, S 50 20,w , of gh-1 and the phenol-extracted gh-1 DNA, measured by the boundary sedimentation velocity method, were 460 and 18.9, respectively. The molecular weight of phenol-extracted gh-1 DNA, calculated by use of the equation of Burgi and Hershey, is 6 × 10 6 . Images
Retrospective: Victor A. McKusick (1921-2008).

The founder of medical genetics was a driving force behind current progress in applying genetic information to medicine.
Improving Software Performance with Configurable Logic

We examine the energy and performance benefits that can be obtained by re-mapping frequently executed loops from a microprocessor to reconfigurable logic. We present a design flow that finds critical software loops automatically and manually re-implements these inconfigurable logic by implementing them in SA-C, a C language variation supportinga dataflow computation model and designed to specify and map DSP applicationsonto reconfigurable logic. We apply this design flow on several examples fromthe MediaBench benchmark suite and report the energy and performance improvements.
Conditions for critical effects in the mass action kinetics equations for water radiolysis

We report on a subtle global feature of the mass action kinetics equations for water radiolysis that results in predictions of a critical behavior in H2O2 and associated radical concentrations. While radiolysis kinetics has been studied extensively in the past, it is only in recent years that high speed computing has allowed the rapid exploration of the solution over widely varying dose and compositional conditions. We explore the radiolytic production of H2O2 under various externally fixed conditions of molecular H2 and O2 that have been regarded as problematic in the literature – specifically, “jumps” in predicted concentrations, and inconsistencies between predictions and experiments have been reported for alpha radiolysis. We computationally map-out a critical concentration behavior for alpha radiolysis kinetics using a comprehensive set of reactions. We then show that all features of interest are accurately reproduced with 15 reactions. An analytical solution for steady-state concentrations of the 15 reactions reveals regions in [H2] and [O2] where the H2O2 concentration is not unique – both stable and unstable concentrations exist. The boundary of this region can be characterized analytically as a function of G-values and rate constants independent of dose rate. Physically, the boundary can be understood as separating amore » region where a steady-state H2O2 concentration exists, from one where it does not exist without a direct decomposition reaction. We show that this behavior is consistent with reported alpha radiolysis data and that no such behavior should occur for gamma radiolysis. We suggest experiments that could verify or discredit a critical concentration behavior for alpha radiolysis and could place more restrictive ranges on G-values from derived relationships between them.« less
Implementing an Organizational Ethics Program in an Academic Environment: The Challenges and Opportunities for the Duquesne University Schools of Business

This paper acknowledges the paucity of attention regarding the development of ethics programs within an academic environment and describes in a case study how the Duquesne University schools of business attempted to introduce, integrate and promote its own ethics program. The paper traces the business school’s attention to mission statements, curriculum development, ethics policy, program oversight and outcome assessment. Lessons learned are offered as suggestions for others seeking to develop and implement an ethics program in their school.
The Role of Economic Resources and Human Capital with Woman Abuse

Abstract This study expands on current knowledge by examining the relationships among household economic resources, human capital, and various types of woman abuse. Logistic regression analyses were performed with a subsample from the 1999 National Crime Victimizaxtion Survey that includes Black, Hispanic, and White abused and non-abused women. Findings indicate that economic variables have divergent relationships with different types of woman abuse. For example, housing tenure is related to physical abuse, and lower levels of human capital are more highly correlated with physical abuse. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.
Spectrally selective infrared detector based on an ultra-thin piezoelectric resonant metamaterial

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a spectrally selective uncooled microelectromechanical resonant infrared (IR) detector based on an ultra-thin piezoelectric resonant metamaterial. The use of an ultra-thin (600 nm) piezoelectric metamaterial to form the resonant body of the device eliminates the electromechanical loading effect associated with the integration of an IR absorber (guaranteeing high electromechanical performance: quality factor, Q∼1407 and electromechanical coupling coefficient, k t 2∼1.9%) and enables strong and spectrally selective absorption of long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation in an ultra-low volume device, resulting in a fast (thermal time constant ∼650 µs) and high resolution (noise equivalent power ∼7 nW/Hz1/2 for a 200 Hz bandwidth) LWIR detector prototype with a ∼40% absorption for an optimized spectral wavelength of 8.8 µm with Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of 1.88 µm.
Improved radioimmunoassay for calcitonin using 125I-labelled calcitonin purified by gel filtration

Abstract Gel filtration has been used to further purify radioiodinated calcitonin used in the radioimmunoassay. This procedure reduces the amount of labelled calcitonin which non-specifically binds to albumin in the dilution buffer and removes labelled fragments of calcitonin, formed during iodination, that are immunologically unreactive. The improved binding of the purified radioiodinated calcitonin allows use of a greater dilution of antisera in the radioimmunoassay resulting in greatly improved assay sensitivity.
Dancing with the devil: faculty assessment process transformed with web technology

Ringling School's Institutional Technology, in partnership with the Dean of Faculty Office has assessed, planned, and implemented a web-based paperless Course and Faculty Assessment package using home-brewed software components. At our institution, the Course and Faculty Assessment package has transformed the traditional faculty evaluation process into a pedagogically effective paperless protocol. Although the faculty assessment process is straight forward, it is a labor-intensive activity for the Academic Affairs division. Furthermore, managing and organizing the assessment process requires coordination with faculty members. Our web-based approach to course and faculty assessment is a cost effective, robust, scalable, flexible, adaptable, secure, and attractive solution. In this report, we present key topics including project strategic planning for Institutional Technology, implementation framework, archiving and accessing past assessments, data analysis issues, user support issues, campus Institutional Technology standards, integration plans with a campus portal, and other future plans. In light of our experience at Ringling School, we discuss issues we had to address relating to building and maintaining pedagogically effective assessment tools. We discuss our method and present our approach to evaluate our success in delivering this strategic change.
EUS and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer: a population-based study

Background There is no direct evidence that EUS improves patient outcome. Objective To study the association of undergoing EUS with survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Design Population-based study. Patients Persons aged 65 years and older with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who were captured in the linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare database between 1994 and 2002 were identified. Interventions Demographic, cancer-specific, and EUS procedural information was extracted, and survival curves were compared for patients who underwent EUS in the peridiagnostic period (1 month before the diagnosis to 3 months after the date of diagnosis: group I) with those who had not undergone EUS (group II). Main Outcome Measurements Relative hazard ratios for survival. Results A total of 8616 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were identified. Only 610 (7.1%) patients underwent EUS evaluation. In patients with locoregional cancer, the median survival (interquartile range) in group I and II patients was 10 (5-17) and 6 (2-12) months, respectively, P Limitations Retrospective design. Conclusions EUS evaluation is independently associated with improved outcome in patients with locoregional pancreatic cancer, possibly because of detection of earlier cancers and improved stage-appropriate management including more selective performance of curative-intent surgery.
Retroactive Interference of Similar Methods to Teach Translation of Base Systems in Mathematics.

be pleased with the progress of a student who can invent new solutions to mathematical problems, while at the same time being concerned about a student who can use only one method. However, even though we take the capability of using alternative solutions as evidence of greater understanding, this does not necessarily imply that a new concept should be taught originally by more than one method. It is entirely possible that the flexibility of using alternative solutions is a function of the number of success experiences with a single solution, or occurs only in specific tasks that have unique commonalities among the alternative solutions. Other possible explanations are also viable, but we mention these only to show the difficulty of assuming a facilitative effect of learning alternative solutions when a new concept is being learned. It is indeed possible that learning alternative solutions may interfere with performance on the problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate one aspect of this hypothesis by standard procedures in the psychology of transfer. More specifically, we were concerned with the effects of learning a second solution to a problem
Reducing replication bandwidth for distributed document databases

With the rise of large-scale, Web-based applications, users are increasingly adopting a new class of document-oriented database management systems (DBMSs) that allow for rapid prototyping while also achieving scalable performance. Like for other distributed storage systems, replication is important for document DBMSs in order to guarantee availability. The network bandwidth required to keep replicas synchronized is expensive and is often a performance bottleneck. As such, there is a strong need to reduce the replication bandwidth, especially for geo-replication scenarios where wide-area network (WAN) bandwidth is limited. This paper presents a deduplication system called sDedup that reduces the amount of data transferred over the network for replicated document DBMSs. sDedup uses similarity-based deduplication to remove redundancy in replication data by delta encoding against similar documents selected from the entire database. It exploits key characteristics of document-oriented workloads, including small item sizes, temporal locality, and the incremental nature of document edits. Our experimental evaluation of sDedup with three real-world datasets shows that it is able to achieve up to 38X reduction in data sent over the network, significantly outperforming traditional chunk-based deduplication techniques while incurring negligible performance overhead.
Attaching Electronically Active Oligoanilines to Silicon Surfaces

Diazonium salt-functionalized oligoanilines have been synthesized and assembled on hydride passivated silicon surfaces for subsequent incorporation into hybrid molecule−silicon device architectures. The targeted oligoanilines were synthesized using Buchwald/Hartwig Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions. A methodology using N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting groups was essential to prevent N-nitroso formation during the diazotization step and to prevent rapid air oxidation and decomposition of the products. The molecules were assembled on silicon surfaces to form monolayer films, and thermal removal of the Boc protecting groups was achieved by heating the films to 215 °C for 4 h under argon. Single-wavelength ellipsometry verified the desired monolayer formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the loss of the Boc groups and formation of the requisite oligoaniline monolayers. Assembly of 4 in a Molepore electronic test bed device followed by thermalization and retesting indicated that the...
Role of zoological gardens and aquaria as reservoirs of potential model species

Animal species that are commonly available for study by the laboratory scientist represent a relatively small portion of the total number of species which exist. For example, domestic and laboratory animals comprise less than 1% of all mammal species; thus the vast majority of the animal diversity is understudied. Although both the need and the interest exist to investigate more and divergent species, access to animals and biological materials is the greatest current impediment to most research programs. As a partial solution to this problem, zoos, parks, and aquaria can serve as resources to provide access to more than 200 mammal species and biological materials which otherwise would not be available. The present report focuses on the potential of these resources in the United States and Canada and presents an overview of the biologic content, the avenues for approaching these resources, as well as the research capacities which are currently present within these institutions. Virtually all zoos, parks, and aquaria support the concept of research. Many have research interests and some already have either their own research programs or share a scientific research program with a research institution located nearby. The most popular research interests in zoological institutions today are behavior and reproductive physiology. Most facilities are willing to share material for other kinds of studies. In general, a notable amount of endocrine data has been produced by zoos, parks, and aquaria over the past 20 years mainly in the field of reproductive endocrinology, and much of this has been collected in collaboration with outside institutions. The potential for research activities to expand is favorable and has perhaps never been better than at the present time.
Relationship between Self-Efficacy Perceptions and In-treatment Drug Use among Regular Cocaine Users

The perceived ability to engage in situation-specific behaviors (self-efficacy) to overcome nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse has been shown to correlate significantly with and be predictive of the actual ability to engage in such behaviors. Self-efficacy is also related to subsequent behavior change during treatment and maintenance of this change after treatment termination. In this study, part of national outcome study, the relationship between self-efficacy and drug use was investigated in a subsample of regular cocaine users (n = 294) who completed at least three months of treatment in community-based outpatient treatment programs. Frequency of cocaine and other drug use was reported for the period of 1 year before treatment and a 1 month and 3 months in treatment. Self-efficacy regarding resisting drug use was measured at 1 and 3 months in treatment. Self-efficacy at 1 month was correlated with cocaine use at 1 month and self-efficacy contributed to the prediction of self-reported drug use at 1 month over and above pretreatment and demographic variables. Similarly, self-efficacy at 3 months was correlated with cocaine use at 3 months and contributed to the prediction of self-reported drug use at 3 months. These outcomes were obtained even though over 75% of subjects reported no drug use during treatment. The results supported previous findings suggesting that increased self-efficacy regarding resisting drug use is associated with lower rates of drug use during treatment, and that self-efficacy enhancement may be an important intervention in the treatment of cocaine use.
Measurement of the optical path difference over an atmospheric turbulence phase plate

We report on measurements of optical path differences over a commercially-available phase plate made to simulate atmospheric turbulence. These measurements were made using an AOA mini-Wavescope Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor consistent with our closed-loop experimental configuration. The atmospheric phase plate, manufactured by Wavefront Sciences Inc., is made to simulate turbulence for five different zenith angles, from overhead to a horizontal path, and five different specified atmospheric coherence lengths. This data will be used as our known, repeatable aberratoin that simulates atmospheric propagation in a closed-loop adaptive optics experiment.
Prediction of Pressure Drop in Straight Vortex Tubes

A simple flow model was developed for the purpose of estimating the pressure drop i long a tube supplied with swirling flow. The model indicates that the energy losses observed for swirling flow can be orders of magnitude greater than that computed for comparable nonswirling flow. The losses are explained as due not only to the decay of the swirl, but also as a function of the axial flow area restriction caused by the swirl induced recirculating core. The results of analysis with the proposed model compared favorably with experimental data.
Wireless Handheld Computers in the Preclinical Undergraduate Curriculum.

This report presents the results of a pilot project using wireless PDAs as teaching tools in an undergraduate medical curriculum. This technology was used to foster a transition from a passive to an interactive learning environment in the classroom and provided a solution for the implementa-tion of computer-based exams for a large class. Wayne State Medical School recently provided model e570 Toshiba PocketPCs? (personal digital assistants or PDAs), network interface cards, and application software developed by CampusMobility? to 20 sophomore medical students. The pilot group of preclinical students used the PDAs to access web-based course content, for communication, scheduling, to participate in interactive teaching sessions, and to complete course evaluations. An-other part of this pilot has been to utilize the PDAs for computer-based exams in a wireless envi-ronment. Server authentication that restricted access during the exams and a proctoring console to monitor and record the PDA screens will be described in this report. Results of a student satisfaction survey will be presented.
Using Motor Learning Approaches for Treating Swallowing and Feeding Disorders: A Review

Purpose This article discusses children’s development of mature swallowing and feeding as a process of skill acquisition and considers the applicability of motor learning concepts for advancing the...
Design and evaluation of novel polyanhydride blends as nerve guidance conduits.

Abstract Implantable biodegradable nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have the potential to align and support regenerating cells, as well as prevent scar formation. In this study in vitro bioassays and in vivo material evaluations were performed using a nerve guidance conduit material made from a novel polyanhydride blend. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with both fibroblasts and primary chick neurons demonstrated that the proposed polyanhydride blend was non-cytotoxic. Subcutaneous implantation for 7 days in rats resulted in an initial fibrin matrix, minimal macrophage presence and angiogenesis in the surrounding tissues. Nerve guidance conduits fabricated from the proposed polyanhydride blend material may serve as favorable biocompatible tissue engineering devices.
Gastropod shells: A dynamic resource that helps shape benthic community structure

Abstract Empty gastropod shells are an important resource for many animals in shallow benthic marine communities. Shells provide shelter for hermit crabs, octopuses, and fishes, provide attachment substratum for hermit crab symbionts, and directly or indirectly modify hermit crab predation. Creation of an empty shell due to predation of one gastropod on another and acquisition of that shell by a hermit crab are two key events in the subsequent use of that shell. Shells of different gastropod species and the species of hermit crab acquiring them affect the symbiont complement that attaches to the shell, which in turn may affect future shell use by other symbionts. Certain shell types worn by the hermit crab, Pagurus pollicaris Say, are positively associated with the symbiotic sea anemone, Calliactis tricolor (Lesueur), which protects the hermit crab from predation by the crab, Calappa flammea (Herbst), and possibly from the octopus, Octopus joubini Robson. Shells of other species of gastropods are resistant to being crushed by the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille). The inter-and intraspecific interactions centered on the gastropod shell are termed a “habitat web.” The potential of the shell to limit the size and distribution of animal populations demonstrates how this resource helps shape community structure.
Computational modeling of poly(alkylthiophene) conductive polymer insertion into phospholipid bilayers

We have previously demonstrated that some poly(alkylthiophenes) (PATs) are able to increase the electrical conductance of unsupported phospholipid bilayers and have hypothesized that this effect is due to the ability of some PAT side chains to permit stable insertion into the bilayer. We have further proposed the development of long-term intracellular electrodes based on that phenomenon. In this article, we apply molecular dynamics techniques to study the insertion of two model PATs into a patch of a lipid bilayer. Steered molecular dynamics is used to obtain potential trajectories of insertion, followed by umbrella sampling to determine the free-energy change upon insertion. Our results indicate that both branched-side-chain poly(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene) (EHPT) and straight-side-chain poly(3-hexylthiophene) (HPT) are able to enter the bilayer but only EHPT can cross the center of the membrane and establish an electrical bridge. HPT penetrates the head groups but is not able to enter the alkyl tail phase. These findings support the feasibility of our electrode concept and raise questions regarding the mechanisms by which branched side chains grant PATs greater solubility in a lipid bilayer environment. The parameters and methods used in this study establish a novel framework for studying these and similar systems, and the results hold promise for the use of EHPT in biosensing and neural interfacing.
DISEASE OF THE GALLBLADDER AND PANCREAS IN PREGNANCY

Profound physiologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract are encountered in pregnancy. Gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying are decreased. These changes and the displacement and physiologic relaxation of the cardiac sphincter result in increased gastric reflux. In addition, function of the gallbladder and pancreas are altered in pregnancy. These changes can make the diagnosis and treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders difficult. Although pregnancy does not predispose the gravid woman to cholecystitis or pancreatitis, it does increase the risk of cholelithiasis and biliary sludge formation. 35,63 Disease of the gallbladder or pancreas can have a large impact on fetal morbidity and mortality. 45 Knowledge of these physiologic changes and of the management of specific disease processes is key to improving the outcome for the pregnant woman and fetus.
Equalization of battery cycle life through flexible distribution of energy and storage resources

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in industrial microgrids are frequently subjected to large and fluctuating demands from loads like crushers, excavators, and steel rolling mills. This paper investigates the battery life when four small-rated DERs are interconnected in a microgrid to supply a crusher-conveyor load at an industrial plant, especially when power from the main (utility) grid is not available. Each DER consisted of a fuel cell accompanied by a Li-ion battery. After carrying out extensive modeling and analysis, this paper demonstrated that the battery life can be equalized by employing the cooperative framework of Flexible Distribution of EneRgy and Storage resources (FDERS). Various practical considerations have been taken into account in the analysis presented in this paper.
Electrochemical microfabrication by laser-enhanced photothermal processes

Laser-enhanced processes have found an increasingly important role as the interest in microfabrication continues to grow. An especially attractive feature of laser processing in liquids is the ability to obtain maskless patterning in the form of material deposition or dissolution, dictated by the path of the focused laser on the sample. In the present discussion we review theoretical and experimental aspects of laser-enhanced plating and etching for a variety of materials. Some of the substrates readily etched with the help of the laser are extremely difficult to process by conventional methods. Even though the laser processes can handle materials only in a serial manner, the plating and etching rates in certain instances are sufficiently rapid to make them competitive with batch processing methods. This is particularly interesting as it pertains to laser-enhanced jet plating of copper and gold, where rates as high as 50 and 20 µm/s have respectively been obtained.
Triviality of the Higgs field

We give a critical review of the "triviality" of the λϕ4 theory, i.e., the vanishing of the renormalized self-coupling. Evidence from perturbation theory and Monte-Carlo simulations are cited. It is noted that (a) the theory is "trivial" but not entirely free, for there is spontaneous symmetry breaking; (b) perturbation theory is unreliable. Soluble examples with similar behavior are compared, in particular the Lee model and the 3D δ function potential. The latter case is especially important, for it shows that triviality is a symptom that the interaction is too singular, and suggests a cure. The import for the Higgs sector of the standard model is discussed. It is argued that, like the Fermi pseudopotential, the Higgs field is a long-wavelength approximation that should be used in lowest order perturbation theory only.
TULIP at the University of Michigan

Taken in their ideal sense, digital libraries provide their users with access to the desired information regardless of its medium and without the constraints of time or place associated with conventional libraries. Moreover, digital libraries enable personalized information harvesting and management so that their users can develop their own ways of viewing and collecting the information. Achieving this vision of the digital library offers major challenges for today's publishers, librarians, and technologists necessitating a variety of pilot projects through which components can be developed and experience can be gained. This article considers the driving forces, issues, and lessons learned by the University of Michigan in implementing TULIP (The University Licensing Program), a research collaboration to build digital libraries.
Vacancy diffusion along twist grain boundaries in copper

Vacancy diffusion along two different high-angle twist grain boundaries (Σ5 and Σ13) was studied using the Embedded Atom Method (EAM). Vacancy formation energies in all the possible sites were calculated and found to be directly related to the degree of coincidence with the neighboring crystal planes. Optimal migration paths and migration energies were determined and found to be very low. The activation energies for self-diffusion at the boundaries were found to be less than half of the bulk value.
A multispecies consumption model

Abstract A mathematical model is described for the approximate calculation of the consumption rates along every consumption pathway in a food web. The model is in the form of a family of algebraic formulas using singly and doubly subscripted variables. A criterion for setting certain consumption rates to zero under certain conditions in order to maximize the energy input to consumer species is described. Graphical examples of output of the model are given. The model is designed to be used as a submodel in a multispecies population dynamics simulation.
A master production scheduling procedure for stochastic demand and rolling planning horizons

Abstract The problem of interest is a one product, uncapacitated master production schedule (MPS) in which decisions are made under rolling planning horizons. Demand is stochastic and time varying, and effectiveness is measured by inventory holding, production setup, and backorder costs. Typically, in both the research literature and the business practice the stochastic nature of the problem is modeled in an ad hoc fashion. The stochastic MPS problem is usually solved by adding safety stock to production quantities obtained from a deterministic lot-sizing algorithm. Here, the stochastic nature of the problem is explicitly considered, as an optimal algorithm for solving the static probabilistic dynamic lot-sizing problem is adapted to rolling planning horizons. The resulting algorithm is found to dominate traditional approaches over a wide variety of experimental factors, reducing total costs by an average of 16% over traditional methods.
Immunologic and Electrophoretic Characteristics of Two Species of Crithidia

SYNOPSIS. Crithidia harmosa and Crithidia fasciculata were compared immunologically by the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) method and by agglutination. The FA technic yielded more specific results with cellular-debris than with whole-cell antigens. The immune sera collected from chickens 9 days after the last inoculations with whole-cell antigens had higher homologous titers than those collected after 4 days. Major antigenic differences between the 2 species were revealed by both methods. The electrophoretic patterns of C. harmosa and C. fasciculata obtained by polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis differed in the numbers and relative mobilities of their component bands.
A Peculiar Case of the Abscopal Effect: Radioactive Iodine Therapy Incidentally Palliating Marginal Zone Lymphoma

The abscopal effect is an extremely rare phenomenon occurring when irradiation or treatment of a primary tumor burden not only results in debulking of the targeted site but also reduces tumor size at distant sites from the intended treatment area. We present the abscopal effect occurring in a patient with low-grade marginal zone lymphoma who subsequently received radioactive iodine therapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. She was 67 years old when a routine complete blood count at her primary care physician's office yielded a persistent leukocytosis of 14,500/μL with lymphocytosis of 9,870/μL. Immunophenotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed low-grade marginal zone lymphoma. Over eight years, her peak leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were 24,100/μL and 18,100/μL, respectively. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma after presenting with a new complaint of dysphagia. A total thyroidectomy was performed, followed by 172.1 millicuries of oral I-131 sodium iodine radioactive ablation therapy. Following treatment, her leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were 3,100/μL and 1,100/μL, respectively. Over the next four years, her leukocyte and lymphocyte counts remained within normal limits and she remained symptom free. To our knowledge, there has never been a published report describing the use of radioactive iodine causing abscopal effect benefits for patients with underlying lymphoproliferative diseases.
Correction of sampling errors due to laser tuning rate fluctuations in swept-wavelength interferometry

The frequency-sampling method is widely used to accommodate nonlinear laser tuning in swept-wavelength interferometric techniques such as optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and swept-wavelength optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this paper we analyze the frequency-sampling method and identify two sources of sampling errors. One source of error is the limit of an underlying approximation for long interferometer path mismatches and fast laser tuning rates. A second source of error is transmission delays in data acquisition hardware. We show that the measurement system can be configured such that the two error sources cancel to second order. We present experimental verification of sampling error correction using a general swept-wavelength interferometer with a significantly nonlinear laser sweep.
Improving the efficiency of titania aerogel-based photovoltaic electrodes by electrochemically grafting isopropyl moieties on the titania surface

Abstract We have fabricated thick, nanostructured composite films of titania (aerogel)–silica (aerogel) on transparent electrodes for use as composite photoelectrodes. Aerogels are excellent candidate materials for photovoltaic electrodes because the high specific surface area of titania aerogel (∼150 m2/g) significantly amplifies photoactive area, while the continuous pore network permits rapid mass transport of diffusing electron donors through the film. The high surface-to-volume ratio of titania aerogel films can also be a cause for concern because the amplified surface character begets a large number of surface defects that can act as energetically deep traps and hinder percolative transport of electrons through the film. Surface hydroxyls (Ti–OH, titanols) act as charge traps, whereby electrons localize at the semiconductor surface and promote recombination of electrons with solution-phase acceptors, resulting in diminished measured photocurrents. Titania (aerogel)–silica (aerogel) composite films can be modified by electrochemically generated organic radical anions, which graft to the titanols at the electrode surface. This organic modification improves photocurrent yields under bandgap-excitation by a factor of >2 relative to unmodified films, and shifts the onset of photoanodic current negatively by ∼45 mV. The improved photocurrent yields are likely due to more facile electronic transport through the modified mesoporous network, caused by changing the chemical nature of the surface species on the titania electrode. The negative shift of the onset potential for the flow of cathodic current is further evidence that the enhanced photocurrent arises from a change in electron mobility, as opposed to a lowering of the conduction band edge, which would improve photoelectron injection efficiency, but would involve a positive shift in the cathodic onset potential.
Angular truncation error in the integrating nephelometer

Abstract The atmospheric light scattering extinction coefficient measured with an integrating nephelometer has a systematic error resulting from light lost at the angular extremes of the physical integration of scattered light. This error was calculated for typical atmospheric aerosols for the Ahlquist and Charlson instrument (integration range is 8° to 170°). The range of error resulting from angular truncation was from 0 to 22 per cent and depended primarily on the exponent of the Junge panicle size distribution and the large particle size cut-off. The error was essentially independent of the particle refractive index, small particle cut-off below 0.1 μm and the wavelength of light (436–600 nm). The calculated typical error of about 10 per cent agreed with previously published empirical and calculated results.
Polymorphous meningitis with atypical mononuclear cells in Sjögren's syndrome.

Central nervous system complications in Sjogren's syndrome have been reported sporadically for years. We examined the nature and frequency of central nervous system abnormalities in 11 patients with clinically documented Sjogren's syndrome on whom postmortem examination was performed. In 9, characteristic mixed (polymorphous) inflammatory infiltrates containing large atypical mononuclear cells were observed in the leptomeninges, choroid plexus, or both; only 5 of the 9 neurological symptoms, however. Among patients with central nervous system lesions, 3 had definite vasculocentric inflammation and 1 had a necrotizing vasculitis with extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage. Four patients had evidence of chronic subarachnoid microhemorrhage associated with polymorphous meningitis. Atypical mononuclear cells in a polymorphous inflammatory exudate were observed in antemortem cerebrospinal fluid cytological specimens from 2 of the patients. The findings suggest that central nervous system involvement in Sjogren's syndrome is common and that neurological symptoms are related to polymorphous meningitis and vasculitis. Detection of atypical mononuclear cells in cerebrospinal fluid specimens may be of diagnostic value.
The optimal approach for management of metachronous hernias in children: a decision analysis

Abstract Purpose: Up to 30% of children undergoing unilateral hernia repair will later get a hernia on the contralateral side that requires repair. Three approaches have been used to address the potential for development of a metachronous hernia: (1) observation and repair of a contralateral hernia only if it later becomes apparent, (2) routine contralateral groin exploration, and (3) laparoscopy to evaluate the contralateral groin for a potential hernia. The purpose of this study was to use decision analysis to determine which approach resulted in the lowest morbidity, mortality, and cost. Methods: A decision tree was constructed for the management of metachronous hernias that accounted for the occurrence of both nonincarcerated and incarcerated metachronous hernias. Baseline values were estimated from recent reports in the literature. Total charges for each approach were obtained from available hospital records and were used to estimate cost. Results: Observation was favored over laparoscopy and laparoscopy over routine exploration with respect to preventing spermatic cord injury and preserving future fertility. Although a second operation may be required when observation is used, this approach was associated with only a small increase in anesthesia-related complications (1 in 17,847), cardiac arrests (1 in 62,500), and death (1 in 312,500). Although observation was the favored approach with respect to cost, laparoscopy was less expensive when the expected incidence of metachronous hernias was high. Conclusions: Observation is the preferred approach to metachronous hernias because it results in the lowest incidence of injury and cost for most patients and is associated with a minimal increase in anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopy may be advantageous for patients at high risk for development of a contralateral hernia. As a strategy for preventing metachronous hernias without consideration for injury or cost, routine exploration should be limited to situations in which laparoscopy cannot be performed because of small patient size or a preference for spinal anesthesia. J Pediatr Surg 36:1190-1195. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Sec16 is a Determinant of Transitional ER Organization

Summary Background: Proteins are exported from the ER at transitional ER (tER) sites, which produce COPII vesicles. However, little is known about how COPII components are concentrated at tER sites. The budding yeast Pichia pastoris contains discrete tER sites and is, therefore, an ideal system for studying tER organization. Results: We show that the integrity of tER sites in P. pastoris requires the peripheral membrane protein Sec16. P. pastoris Sec16 is an order of magnitude less abundant than a COPII-coat protein at tER sites and seems to show a saturable association with these sites. A temperature-sensitive mutation in Sec16 causes tER fragmentation at elevated temperature. This effect is specific because when COPII assembly is inhibited with a dominant-negative form of the Sar1 GTPase, tER sites remain intact. The tER fragmentation in the sec16 mutant is accompanied by disruption of Golgi stacks. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Sec16 helps to organize patches of COPII-coat proteins into clusters that represent tER sites. The Golgi disruption that occurs in the sec16 mutant provides evidence that Golgi structure in budding yeasts depends on tER organization.
Abstract 573: Deguelin inhibits the expression of estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a nuclear receptor and transcription factor governs the action of estrogen. This hormone is the major contributor to normal breast development and breast carcinogenesis. Thus, antiestrogens are widely utilized to treat and circumvent the progression of hormone receptor positive breast cancer. However, resistance to these agents develops after sustained use and major risk factors such as enhanced susceptibility to endometrial cancer have been associated with this type of treatment. In an effort to develop natural therapeutic compounds against ERα positive breast cancer, the effect of deguelin, a rotenoid isolated from an African plant; Mundulea sericea on ERα positive human breast cancer cells was investigated. Here we report that deguelin treatment downregulated the expression of ERα protein in a dose dependent manner in MCF-7 and T47D human breast cancer cell lines as determined by immunoblotting. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of ERα target genes Cathepsin D (CTSD), Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) and the Progesterone receptor (PGR) was also downregulated by 50% in the presence of deguelin in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, deguelin treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of these two cell lines. Importantly, estrogen mediated stimulation of cell growth was reduced by 30% in MCF-7 cells after deguelin treatment. Together these findings suggest that deguelin suppresses ERα signaling, paving the way for the development of a novel natural therapeutic agent against endocrine receptor positive breast cancer. Future studies are aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms by which deguelin adversely affects ERα function. (This work was supported by NCI CA140321). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 573. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-573
Determinants of myocardial blood flow response to cold pressor testing and pharmacologic vasodilation in healthy humans

Purpose Response of myocardial blood flow (MBF) to sympathetic stimulation with cold is modulated by endothelium-related factors and is typically altered in the presence of coronary risk factors. Determinants of flow response to cold pressor testing (CPT) in normal volunteers at low risk for CAD remain less well defined, especially relative to baseline conditions such as hemodynamics and MBF, plasma substrate and lipid levels, and total pharmacologically stimulated vasodilator capacity.