cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deposit rate deregulation and demand for money in the 1980's

Abstract An inventory-theoretic approach suggests that deposit rate deregulation will increase the interest-elasticity of the demand for money if deposit rates adjust to changes in market rates with a lag. This hypothesis is tested using a short-run nominal adjustment specification for M1, M1A and M2. Sector data is also used to provide independent tests based on the impact of deregulation on each sector. Empirical results cannot reject the hypothesis that deposit rate deregulation has increased the interest-elasticity of M1, M1A and M2 while business sector demand deposits have been unaffected. Deregulation has loosened the relationship between the monetary aggregates and income, making it more difficult to evaluate the impact of a target on macroeconomic goals.
Integra Artificial Skin® for burn scar revision in adolescents and children

Integra Artificial Skin, a biosynthetic dermal template, is well established in acute burn surgery. The aim of the study was to determine the role of Integra in the surgical treatment of postburn scars in a younger population. Between March 1998 and November 2004, 17 patients (n=17; mean age=13.15 years) underwent complete excision of hypertrophic scars or keloids (1-4% TBSA; extremities=47%, head/neck=35%, trunk=18%) with subsequent implantation of Integra for defect closure. Split thickness skin grafting (STSG) of the Integra-derived neodermis was performed 3 weeks after the first operation. Scar excision and primary Integra implantation was successful in all but one patient (94%) who (6%) needed reimplantation once. Integra's mean take rate was 99.7% for all primarily successful patients. Complications occurred in three patients (18%), including minor problems without long-term consequences in 12% (seroma formation), and major problems in 6% (hematoma formation). Take rate of STSG ranged from 50% to 100% (mean 94%). Functional and cosmetic long-term outcome showed results scored "excellent" in 53%, "good" in 36%, and "fair" in 11%. Comparison of pre- and postoperative findings revealed a significant functional improvement in all and a considerable cosmetic improvement in all but two patients. These results suggest that Integra is a valid new treatment modality for extensive burn scar revision in younger patients.
Integration of ferroelectric capacitor technology with CMOS

Ferroelectric technology has several desirable features for low-power nonvolatile memories including low operating voltages (read and write as low as 1.5 V), high-speed write operation (intrinsic switching times 10/sup 13/ read/write cycles), and small cell size (potentially near DRAM densities). Realization of practical memories employing ferroelectric technology requires successful integration with CMOS. However, very little has been reported on the process integration issues unique to ferroelectric technology. This paper is the first detailed report of these integration issues. The paper discusses the impact of CMOS backend processing on ferroelectric capacitors as well as the effect of capacitor fabrication on transistor characteristics. >
Three Validity Studies of the Daily Progress Report in Relationship to the Check, Connect, and Expect Intervention

Elementary students (N = 104) at risk for severe behavior problems or with special education eligibility participated in three validity studies of the daily progress report (DPR) used in a Tier 2 b...
The potential and challenge of remote sensing‐based biomass estimation

Remotely sensed data have become the primary source for biomass estimation. A summary of previous research on remote sensing‐based biomass estimation approaches and a discussion of existing issues influencing biomass estimation are valuable for further improving biomass estimation performance. The literature review has demonstrated that biomass estimation remains a challenging task, especially in those study areas with complex forest stand structures and environmental conditions. Either optical sensor data or radar data are more suitable for forest sites with relatively simple forest stand structure than the sites with complex biophysical environments. A combination of spectral responses and image textures improves biomass estimation performance. More research is needed to focus on the integration of optical and radar data, the use of multi‐source data, and the selection of suitable variables and algorithms for biomass estimation at different scales. Understanding and identifying major uncertainties cause...
Food Transport and the Origin of Hominid Bipedalism1

MAN'S upright posture and bipedal gait have been justly considered outstanding features of human nature, for example by Haeckel (1868), Darwin (1871), Engels (1876), Munro (1893), Smith (1913), Hooton (1925), Jones (1926), Freud (1930), Weidenreich (1946, 1947), Keith (1949), Schultz (1950, 1951), Washburn (1951, 1959), Mayr (1951), LaBarre (1954), W. E. L. Clark (1955, 1959), Piveteau (1957), Delmas (1958), Vallois (1958), Howells (1959), and Dart (1959a). For Engels in 1876, erect posture was "the decisive step in the transition from ape to man," an idea he shared with Haeckel (1868, 1906 ed.:405) who said that upright posture was the first of the "three great processes in the development of the human organism." For Hooton (1925), man became man when he definitely took to the ground and assumed upright posture and bipedal progression. Freud (1930:66n) wrote that "Man's erect posture . . . would represent the beginning of the momentous process of cultural evolution." Schultz (1951:38) asserted that the acquisition of upright posture was the "first major step in man's evolution." Mednick, studying the evolution of the human ilium (1955), states that "the evolution of bipedal locomotion seems to have preceded other uniquely human attributes. It appears quite probable that our ancestors walked first, and subsequently became largebrained, tool-using humans." W.E.L. Clark (1955:13-14) believes that bipedalism was the most important single factor in Hominid evolution. Piveteau (1957:278) cites the adoption of upright posture as "the decisive disposition for the individualization of the human branch," with Pongid and Hominid divergences having their point of departure chiefly in modifications of the pelvis (p. 307). Washburn, who has dealt in detail with the locomotor changes which apparently initiated hominization, considers bipedalism the basic adaptation for the foundation of the human radiation (1951:68-70), starting man on "his separate evolutionary path" (1959:31), though tool-using may have been almost as early (1960a) or simultaneous (Washburn and Howell 1960:3537, 47). DuBrul (1958:90) notes that upright posture is essentially a "reduction of the repetition of structures serving the same function," with the forelimbs becoming "as it were, accessory mandibles rather than locomotor devices," leading to a "new mode of feeding and feeding niche." Mayr (1951) says that upright posture led the protohominids into a "completely different adaptive zone" where new and severely increased selective pressures developed. If these ideas are valid, it is extremely important to show not only what changes occurred in the pelvis and limbs of the evolving protohominids, but why they occurred-i.e., to determine what conditions would make such an
Experiments with a real-time multi-pipeline architecture for shared control

This paper summarizes results from both the hard real-time RACE optical navigation experiment and the soft real-time DATA-CHASER Shuttle demonstration project and presents an integrated architecture for both hard and soft real-time shared control. The results show significant performance advantages of the shared-control architecture and greatly simplified implementation using the derived framework. Lessons learned from both experiments and the implementation of this evolving architecture are presented along with plans for future work to make the framework a standardized kernel module available for VxWorks, Solaris, and Linux.
Observations on the Development of Echolocation in Young Bottlenose Dolphins

With the birth of two male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with a 72 hour period into our research colony we began a two year program of systematic observation and recording of the ontogeny of their vocal and non-vocal behavior and communication. While pursuing this program we were fortunate to obtain instances of apparent echolocation by the young animals during the fourth postnatal week. Previously, the earliest instance of dolphin echolocation was reported in a sixty-day old bottlenose dolphin by Carder and Ridgway (1983). They observed head scanning movements concurrent with high energy pulses with peak frequencies ranging from 33 to 120 kHz with 3-dB bandwidths of 28–81 kHz. The appearance of sonar-like pulses by our animals at so early an age prompted us to review the acoustic and behavioral data we had compiled for the period extending from birth to postnatal day 40 when the infant and adult pulses were indistinguishable to 16 kHz, the limits of our recording and analysis equipment (see Methods). Thus, we can report here on a wide range of behavioral development concurrent with the ontogeny of echolocation as it occurred within a captive but social milieu. Additionally, we can suggest and provide examples of vocalizations which may play a role as precursors to normal echolocation.
Changes in long-bone structural properties during the first 8 weeks of plate implantation

The midplate structural rigidities of metal- and plastic-plated intact canine femora were experimentally determined after initial plate application and 8 weeks after in vivo implantation. Composite beam theory significantly overestimated the bending rigidities of the metal-plated bones. The rigidities of the plastic-plated bones were nearly identical to that of the isolated bone, as composite beam theory predicted. Plating with either plate increased the intracortical porosity and caused the deposition of periosteal new bone, which was greater with plastic than with metal plates. The increased rigidities provided by the attachment of the metal plates and, hence, the degree of bone strain shielding were variable. Platings for 8 weeks which provided little strain shielding with either metal or plastic plates caused an increase in bone flexural rigidity (measured after plate removal) with respect to the contralateral control. Platings that provided increasing amounts of strain shielding caused a decreasing midplate bone rigidity (measured after plate removal) and increasing bone deposition at the outer screws. These findings suggest that the surgical implantation of any plate (metal or plastic) will provide a net stimulus to bone formation and consequently increased bone structural rigidity, even though intracortical porosity is increased. If the plate significantly reduces the normal loads borne by the bone, however, there is a net stimulus to remove bone, resulting in a loss of midplate structural rigidity within 8 weeks of implantation.
Moderators of access and utilization of clinical preventive services in older adults

garmon bibb s.c., padden d.l. & ferguson w. (2012) Moderators of access and utilization of clinical preventive services in older adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 335–348. Abstract Aim. This paper reports a study exploring the relationships between potential moderators of access and utilization of clinical preventive services in a homogeneous sample of older adults with near universal health coverage. Background. Advancements have occurred in eliminating financial and structural barriers to utilization of clinical preventive services (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention) in most developed countries, but variations in utilization continue. These variations may be attributed to non-social determinants of health moderators that impact utilization in older adults. Methods. Theorized relationships were explored using questions from the United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey and a homogenous convenience sample of 202 older adults (mean age 84; sd 5·23) with near universal health coverage. Data collected across a 2 year period (2007–2009) were analysed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U and Hierarchical Logistic Regression. Findings. Several logistic regression models of personal access (advised to lose weight, high blood pressure, high cholesterol); moderators (gender, perceived health status, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2); and clinical preventive services utilization (check-up in last 12 months; ever had colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy) showed statistically significant (P < 0·05) improvement in model fit by adding interaction terms (access X moderator). Conclusion. Exploring the impact of moderators on utilization may yield more insight into variations than could be explained by measurement of the direct affect of having near universal health coverage alone.
Dynamic coarse grain dataflow reconfiguration technique for real-time systems design

The paper explores a reconfigurable platform design methodology for high throughput execution of data centric applications. The reconfiguration platform consists of heterogenous processing elements and buffers interacting through reconfigurable interconnects. The proposed platform is based on block level pipelining with the buffers and their respective controllers forming the pipelining elements. We discuss the dynamic and partial reconfiguration techniques of this platform. Specifically, reconfiguration overhead at runtime is illustrated.
Exploring the Technical Aspects of “Fit” in Qualitative Research

The concept of fit and processes of fitting have been largely ignored in qualitative inquiry. In this article, the authors address the technical significance of fit as an analytic process for both data and concepts in the process of theory construction. The ramifications of violating processes of fit and examples of misfits are discussed. Finally, the procedural components and fit as a method of validation are presented.
The ghrelin-growth hormone axis preserves gluconeogenesis to maintain blood glucose levels during starvation

Background The octanoylated peptide ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion during severe calorie restriction in mice, which preserves fasting blood sugar after body fat has been depleted. Genetic deletion of ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT, which octanoylates ghrelin) renders mice ghrelin-deficient and abrogates the normal rise in GH after several days of calorie restriction, resulting in profound hypoglycemia. Administration of either ghrelin or GH to GOAT knockout mice restores the ability to maintain fasting blood sugar levels during prolonged calorie restriction. The mechanism of hypoglycemia in ghrelin-deficient mice has not been described previously.
"Secrets keep you sick": Metalinguistic labor in a drug treatment program for homeless women

This article demonstrates how cultural ideologies of language, and the semiotic processes that mobilize them, manifest in contemporary American drug treatment. Drawing from an ethnographic study of an outpatient program in the Midwestern United States, it focuses on therapists' claims about what constitutes “healthy language.” It is argued that these claims both stem from and actively reproduce an “ideology of inner reference,” which presumes that “healthy” language refers to preexisting phenomena, and that the phenomena to which it refers are internal to speakers. By formally discouraging talk that could point outside the parameters of the individual psyche, the treatment program effectively insulates itself from clients' critiques and challenges. A broad attempt is made to elucidate the connection between a language ideology that enjoys wide cultural circulation as well as significant currency in contemporary clinical practice, and a particular political effect called “institutional insulation.”My thanks to Barbara Johnstone and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful, critical comments on an earlier version of this article. I am especially grateful to James Wilce for his keen advice on how to refine central elements of the argument and his guidance toward relevant, fruitful literature. The following people contributed significantly to the essay's development (though its remaining flaws are very much my own): Giorgio Bertellini, Webb Keane, Daniel Listoe, Beth Reed, Douglas Rogers, Michael Sosin, and Sarah Womack. I'd also like to thank the University of Chicago Anthropology Department, Center for Gender Studies, Committee on Human Development, and School of Social Service Administration for opportunities to present (and rethink) earlier versions. The research reported here was conducted with the support of a training fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health and various grants from the Department of Anthropology, the Institute for Research on Women and Gender, the Program in Women's Studies, Rackham Graduate School, and the School of Social Work, all at the University of Michigan. This essay is for “Lila.”
Giving Altruism Its Due: A Possible World or Possibly No World at All

The program that Pitirim A. Sorokin labeled “Creative Altruism” is discussed as a key to achieving a better possible world of human relations. The discussion includes an overview of the idea of altruism in sociology, an examination of the considerable resistance to the idea of altruistic conduct, commentary on the lack of a specific set of techniques to implement Sorokin's program, and a brief inventory of current activities intended to give altruism its due in social science.
Broadside and Functional Broadside Tests for Partial-Scan Circuits

Functional broadside tests were defined to address overtesting that may occur due to the detection of delay faults under nonfunctional operation conditions. Such conditions are made possible by scanning in unreachable states. Functional broadside tests were defined and studied in the context of full-scan circuits. In this work, we study the definition of broadside and functional broadside tests in partial-scan circuits. A unique property we show is that if the unscanned state variables are observable (through the application of input sequences or through observation points), the fault coverage achievable with functional broadside tests is independent of the level of scan and the subset of scanned state variables. This implies that when functional broadside tests are used to avoid overtesting, using lower percentages of scanned state variables may be possible without reducing the fault coverage significantly. Experimental results support this point.
Fungal allergens and peptide epitopes

Fungal allergens represent a major cause of atopic disorders. Immunochemical and molecular characterization of fungal allergens has been hampered by the lack of pure proteins and to inherent variation among fungal proteins and in their poor yields. With the advent of molecular biology techniques, a number of allergens have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed from a variety of fungal species. The knowledge of the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of these allergens, the immunodominant regions of these proteins, and their interaction with T and B-cell epitopes, results in better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of allergy and may provide avenues of immunologic intervention to treat patients. The present review deals with the current understanding of fungal allergen epitopes.
Equilibration and Circulation of Red Sea Outflow Water in the Western Gulf of Aden

Hydrographic, direct velocity, and subsurface float observations from the 2001 Red Sea Outflow Experiment (REDSOX) are analyzed to investigate the gravitational and dynamical adjustment of the Red Sea Outflow Water (RSOW) where it is injected into the open ocean in the western Gulf of Aden. During the winter REDSOX cruise, when outflow transport was large, several intermediate-depth salinity maxima (product waters) were formed from various bathymetrically confined branches of the outflow plume, ranging in depth from 400 to 800 m and in potential density from 27.0 to 27.5 , a result of different mixing intensity along each branch. The outflow product waters were not dense enough to sink to the seafloor during either the summer or winter REDSOX cruises, but analysis of previous hydrographic and mooring data and results from a one-dimensional plume model suggest that they may be so during wintertime surges of strong outflow currents, or about 20% of the time during winter. Once vertically equilibrated in the Gulf of Aden, the shallowest RSOW was strongly influenced by mesoscale eddies that swept it farther into the gulf. The deeper RSOW was initially more confined by the walls of the Tadjura Rift, but eventually it escaped from the rift and was advected mainly southward along the continental slope. There was no evidence of a continuous boundary undercurrent of RSOW similar to the Mediterranean Undercurrent in the Gulf of Cadiz. This is explained by considering 1) the variability in outflow transport and 2) several different criteria for separation of a jet at a sharp corner, which indicate that the outflow currents should separate from the boundary where they are injected into the gulf.
Classical illusions from parallel line figures: evidence for interactions among length-coding neurons.

Variations of the Craik-O'Brien, Muller-Lyer, reversed Muller-Lyer, orthogonal Muller-Lyer, and Ponzo illusions were created using 10 to 12 parallel lines. 20 participants judged which of two physically equal lines in the patterns appeared longer. For 4 of the 5 patterns, the parallel lines created illusions which corresponded to those produced by the template figures. The results suggest that length is encoded by frequency of neural response and that the parallel line illusions, as well as their classical counterparts, emerge from interactions which distort this frequency code.
Cybersecurity Service Model

The efficacy of modern computer systems is normally regarded as a function of five basic attributes of computer and information security: availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity. The concepts generally apply to government, business, education, and the ordinary lives of private individuals. The considerations normally involve extended applications of the Internet hence the name Cybersecurity. Achieving and maintaining a secure cyberspace is a complicated process, and some of the concerns involve personal identity, privacy and intellectual property, secure maintenance of the critical infrastructure, and the sustainability of organizations. The threats to a secure operating infrastructure are serious and profound: cyber terrorism, cyber war, cyber espionage, and cyber crime, to which the technical community has responded with a plethora of ad hoc safeguards and procedures, usually supplied by the competitive private sector. This paper proposes a fresh view of the cyber domain based on service science with the ultimate objective of developing a cybersecurity service model.
A Form of Logic Suited for Biology

structure to fit a given situation, one makes clear the principal function of theory as an imaging process, that is, as a description of observed reality. Psychologically speaking, there is no possibility of an involvement of the pupil's person as there is in the less precise concept of science's providing "explanations", where assent is essential. One benefit of the structuralist method mentioned by Eddington is the disappearance of the term "existence" from the vocabulary of the scientist. All propositions of science are essentially relational; thus, while all kinds of propositions saying that objects A, B, and C interact with each other can and will occur, no statement occurs that "A exists" except in the sense that A is subject to these interactions. Eddington describes the term "existence" as a "metaphysical" predicate and tells us that the structuralist (his positivist) method is a powerful tool to separate science from philosophy, the latter in its more extreme form of metaphysics.
A Pragmatic Method for Assessing Systems Architectures During the Architecture Generation Process with a Focus on Repurposing Business Software to Systems Engineering

Abstract Modern engineering systems are large-scale and complex by their nature. The complexity leads to significant commitments of resources early in the life-cycle, before all foundational decisions have been made. The architecting process allows many design concepts to be created and evaluated early in the life-cycle. The most satisfactory architectures are then qualified for development. There is a lack of inexpensive tools readily available to apply towards systems architecting evaluation. This paper sets forth a cost effective and efficient method to assess architectural design and its ability to meet the needs set forth by stakeholders. The method utilizes common office applications and universal engineering problem solving techniques to calculate quantitative scores to select the optimal architecture. Multiple architectures were evaluated and the model was able to ascertain the most suitable architecture against the reference criteria. Through the use of Kiviat charts and algebraic manipulation a quantitative method for evaluating systems architectures can be easily implemented using Microsoft Excel. A benefit of this method is cost savings found in utilizing common software to address systems architecture. This method is well suited to systems engineering, especially in smaller scale start-up and niche engineering companies.
The Use of Time lines and Life lines in Work with Chronically Mentally Ill People

This article describes the use of two treatment tools, time lines and life lines, designed to be used with adults who have had lifelong experience with severe and persistent mental illness. The premise of work with these clients is that their developmental stages and tasks have been skewed by years of mental illness. By graphically charting their reminiscence of life events, many clients can be helped to integrate into society and to resolve negative life experiences. Examples are given for the use of these tools with clients and with family members.
Membrane Bioenergetics as Viewed from Reconstitution Experiments

There is a plethora of literature on mitochondria and chloroplasts whose main task is energy transduction. That is, most of the energy for cellular processes in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is produced by the organelle membranes of mitrochondria and chloroplasts1–3. The mechanism of energy transduction has been elegantly explained by Mitchell’s chemiosmotic hypothesis4. Briefly, mitochondria contain the enzymes and coenzymes that mediate the electron transport from NADH (a reduced nucleotide) down the chain of redox proteins to the ultimate electron acceptor, oxygen. As electrons move down the redox protein chain, an electrochemical gradient of protons is generated. Free energy is conserved in the synthesis of ATP as a result of the discharge of the proton gradient across the cristae membrane of mitochondria. The essential feature of the Mitchell theory is “energy coupling” among the various membrane-bound processes: electron transfer, redox reaction, ion and proton gradient, membrane potential and ATP synthesis. Obviously, these membrane-based activities, many of which are electrical in nature, should be probed and investigated by electrochemical methods, as have been carried out on whole cells and nerve axons by electrophysiologists. Unfortunately, mitochondria, along with other organelles such as chloroplasts, are too tiny to stick microelectrodes into them for reliable experiments, although there have been several isolated reports5,6.
Accounting Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper reports on the education segment of the USAID Accounting Reform Project in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The USAID program trained both professors and practitioners. The author was a consultant for the private consulting firm that won the USAID contract for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Linear maps

Verification of large programs is impossible without proof techniques that allow local reasoning and information hiding. In this paper, we take the approach of modeling the heap as a collection of partial functions with disjoint domains. We call each such partial function a linear map. Programmers may select objects from linear maps, update linear maps or transfer addresses and their contents from one linear map to another. Programmers may also declare new linear map variables and pass linear maps as arguments to procedures. The program logic prevents any of these operations from duplicating locations and thereby breaking the key heap representation invariant: the domains of all linear maps remain disjoint. Linear maps facilitate modular reasoning because programs that use them are also able to use simple, classical frame rules to preserve information about heap state across procedure calls. We illustrate our approach through examples, prove that our verification rules are sound, and show that operations on linear maps may be erased and replaced by equivalent operations on a single, global heap.
Precision Chemistry for Precision Medicine

During the 2015 State of the Union address, President Obama unveiled plans for a $215 million Precision Medicine Initiative. The details of this plan were laid out by past and present directors of the National Institutes of Health, Harold Varmus and Francis Collins, in a commentary in the New England Journal of Medicine.1 While the announcement stood as a public statement of support for funding, it was likely the first introduction the American public had to a concept that has been close to my heart for more than a decade. In 2005, I founded the Personal Genome Project, the world’s first open data set of genomic and patient data. The Precision Medicine Initiative offers many opportunities to promote the progress of chemistry, and chemistry in its turn can do much to satisfy the aims of the Initiative. The term precision medicine generally refers to the personalization of healthcare (decisions, practices, and products) for a given patient based on his or her unique history and genetic makeup. Because cancer is widely recognized as a disease born out of mutations, many of them being patient-specific, the precision medicine stereotype emphasizes pharmacogenomics, cancer, and especially their intersection.1 Despite this close association, other fertile opportunities are beginning to blossom. The number of allele-specific drugs (e.g., Ivacaftor aimed at the 5% of cystic fibrosis patients with a specific G551D mutation) and allele-specific treatment decisions (e.g., warfarin dosing based on CYP2C9* type) are increasing rapidly across many diseases. The fact that this growth is occurring despite initial concerns over the commercial viability of such tiny markets demonstrates the power of precision medicine and suggests the importance of this initiative. Nevertheless, even classic cases (like warfarin) can lose significance upon careful examination2—indicating an urgent need for more precise and novel approaches. Regardless of the fate of the Precision Medicine Initiative, the broad ideas raised by the President’s proposal highlight some exciting new areas for chemists and chemistry.
MOLECULAR RELATIONSHIPS OF Ia ANTIGENS CONTROLLED BY THE SAME AND BY DIFFERENT SUBREGIONS OF THE I REGION

Abstract The technique of antibody-induced resistance to cell lysis (lysostrip) was used to determine topographical relationships of Ia antigens in the cell membrane. Data obtained thus far demonstrate that antigens controlled by the same subregion of the I region (IaA.1 and 2) behave as if present on the same molecule, whereas an antigen coded for by a different subregion (IaC.7) is on a separate molecule.
No first use: a view from the United States

What are the implications of a No-First-Use declaration for the United States' commitment to the defense of Europe? The author argues for a fundamental reexamination of the NATO posture of collective defense.
Current understanding of eosinophil function.

New evidence suggests that the eosinophil is not a bystander but an active participant in a spectrum of important biologic events. Physiologically, these cells can kill many species of parasites; pathologically, eosinophils appear to play a role in inflammatory responses in the lung, skin, and heart. Unexpectedly, eosinophil studies have yielded a plasma marker for predicting the onset of labor.
The postunification treatment of multiple personality disorder: first findings.

The treatment issues encountered in the unified multiple personality disorder (MPD) patient have received little attention in the literature to date. This study reviews the therapy records of 91 su...
HARTREE–FOCK FORMULATION

The Schrodinger equation is a one-electron equation because it originated from a nonrelativistic approximation to the Dirac equation, which is a one-electron equation. The Hartree–Fock method may therefore be regarded as a first step toward the construction of atomic wave functions. The Hartree–Fock equations contain Lagrange multipliers, which reflect the imposition of the normalization condition on the spin orbitals. The possibility of eliminating off-diagonal Lagrange multipliers by means of a unitary transformation has been interpreted to mean that the spin orbitals need not be orthogonal. The spin orbitals that satisfy the Hartree–Fock equations are orthogonal. The Coulomb repulsion between electrons whose spins may be either parallel or antiparallel prevents two electrons from approaching arbitrarily close to one another.
Process evaluation of energy requirements for feed production using dairy wastewater for algal cultivation: Theoretical approach

Abstract Dairy production is an intensive agricultural practice that elicits many environmental concerns including noxious emissions, potential health risks to nearby human communities and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. These environmental impacts can be reduced by using the emissions and dissolved nutrients including nitrogen available in dairy wastewaters to produce algal biomass, which can be recycled for animal feed with higher protein content compared to alfalfa. However, energy demand is a major criterion for selecting an algal biomass cultivation system. Traditionally algae have been cultivated in raceways to minimize energy input, but raceways tend to have lower areal biomass productivity compared to photobioreactors. However, higher productivity may be achievable through growth in innovative designs utilizing gravity to provide reduced cultivation depths and temperature control strategies. The feasibility of animal feed production in raceways is compared to gravity fed production systems for evaluating production cost and direct energy demand. Agricultural style gravity fed production systems have an estimated cultivation energy consumption of 25 Wh m − 2 d − 1 compared to raceways at 15.4 Wh m − 2 d − 1 . However, these systems can significantly increase areal biomass productivities reducing the energy required for biomass production from 2.01 kWh kg − 1 to 1.41 kWh kg − 1 . Total cost of energy for biomass cultivation and harvesting, when sedimentation is combined with centrifugation to achieve 25% solid content, is estimated to be $176 and $256 per mton in gravity fed systems and raceways, respectively. This can be compared to $334 and $1407 per mton of biomass when only using centrifugation for processing in gravity fed systems and raceways, respectively.
Human Subtlety Proofs: Using Computer Games to Model Cognitive Processes for Cybersecurity

ABSTRACTThis article describes an emerging direction in the intersection between human–computer interaction and cognitive science: the use of cognitive models to give insight into the challenges of cybersecurity (cyber-SA). The article gives a brief overview of work in different areas of cyber-SA where cognitive modeling research plays a role, with regard to direct interaction between end users and computer systems and with regard to the needs of security analysts working behind the scenes. The problem of distinguishing between human users and automated agents (bots) interacting with computer systems is introduced, as well as ongoing efforts toward building Human Subtlety Proofs (HSPs), persistent and unobtrusive windows into human cognition with direct application to cyber-SA. Two computer games are described, proxies to illustrate different ways in which cognitive modeling can potentially contribute to the development of HSPs and similar cyber-SA applications.
Migration as Development: Household Survey Evidence on Migrants’ Wage Gains

The study of the effects of migration on migrants themselves has not garnered nearly as much attention within the recent international migration literature as other topics, such as motives for migration, the effects of immigration on receiving countries, and the effects of emigration on countries of origin. Focusing instead on these effects on migrants themselves, an issue of primary importance to the discussion of international migration, I present novel data collected through household interviews in communities both in Mexico and the United States. Data gathered using an ethnosurvey approach, combining the techniques of ethnographic fieldwork with representative survey sampling in order to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, permit a careful comparison of absolute and relative wage gains for interviewees with data from existing Mexican surveys. Key findings include: (1) upon crossing the border, even given the cost of migration, migrants indeed stand to collect large net absolute gains, average incomes increasing more than fivefold immediately; (2) relative gains are large, many migrants moving from the lower deciles of origin wage distributions to the top deciles; and (3) average gains accruing to migrants surpass those of even the most successful current programs of economic development. In turn, these findings verify the importance of including consideration for the migrants themselves in any ongoing discussions of how to construct effective migration policy around the world.
Positive curvature and scalar field tunneling in the landscape

We present a model of vacuum tunneling through a classically forbidden region where a scalar field changes its value simultaneously over the entire volume of a (meta)stable ancestor vacuum with spherical curvature. The tunneling leaves the geometry unchanged but rearranges the energetic contributions of the matter sources, leading to an inflating solution with residual positive curvature. We show that there exists a parametric regime where this solution is self-consistent and dominates the overall tunneling rate. We conclude that an experimental detection of positive curvature, while not necessarily likely, therefore does not rule out the possibility that our present observer patch originated from semiclassical vacuum tunneling in a string or field theoretic landscape.
Nonplanar focal plane with silicon based photodetector

A fabrication process is demonstrated to form curved image sensors based on CMOS image sensor technology. A stretchable polymer backplane is fabricated monolithically on the backside of the wafer before a DRIE etch is performed to segment the wafer and make the circuit stretchable.
Protocol for Exercise Program in Cancer and Cognition (EPICC): A randomized controlled trial of the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in postmenopausal women with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy.

Abstract The Exercise Program in Cancer and Cognition (EPICC) Study is a randomized controlled trial designed to test the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive function in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer during the first six months of aromatase inhibitor therapy. It is estimated that up to 75% of survivors of breast cancer experience cognitive impairment related to disease and treatment. At present, there are no known interventions to improve or manage cognitive function for women with breast cancer. Here, we describe a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with allocation of 254 postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer to a supervised six-month aerobic exercise intervention or usual care. Prior to beginning aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy, participants complete baseline assessments of cognitive function, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood-based biomarkers, physical activity and sleep, and symptoms (fatigue, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, anxiety). A random subset of participants (n = 150) undergoes neuroimaging procedures that include structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments. All participants maintain an activity diary; physical activity and sleep monitoring is repeated three and seven months post-randomization. The remaining baseline assessments are repeated seven months post-randomization. If successful, exercise could be a low-cost method to improve cognitive function in women with breast cancer that is easily adaptable to the home or community. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02793921 . Registered 20 May 2016.
Conflicts of Professional Duty in Social Work

Social workers frequently encounter conflicts of duty in their work with individuals, families, communities and organizations, and in the design and implementation of social welfare policy.They nee...
Scalar controversies in oil and gas governance: Perspectives on who should regulate the oil and gas industry from policy actors in Colorado and Utah

Abstract In the U.S., the current regulatory regime for unconventional oil and gas development is extremely contested, with controversial exemptions buried in federal law and significant state-local conflict. Hence, the question of the appropriate scale of governance (e.g. federal, state, or local) for oil and gas development is unsettled. In this analysis, we consider the views of local policy actors in the western states of Utah and Colorado. We ask how factors such as the perceived importance of the industry and local economic conditions influence scalar preferences. Results imply that local policy actors tend to endorse local control and are generally not supportive of federal exemptions.
Abstract 4232: Multivariate analysis of breast cancer patients showing superior outcome in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics

Background Breast cancer incidence and mortality varies relative to ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Prior research has shown that Hispanics appear to have a lower mortality rate from breast cancer when compared to Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). To further delineate the influence of Hispanic ethnicity on breast cancer outcomes, we compared ethnicity and outcome while adjusting for multiple variables using data from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) collected between 2004 and 2013. Methods Data were analyzed from 984,512 women registered in the NCDB who were diagnosed with stage I to stage IV breast cancer. Overall survival was the primary outcome variable; the primary predictor variable was ethnicity (NHW, NHB, and Hispanic). Variables addressed and adjusted for included: stage, age, Charlson Comorbidity index, estrogen/progesterone receptor (ERPR) status and HER2 receptor status. Multivariate Cox regression was used to investigate the effect of ethnicity on overall survival while adjusting for secondary predictive factors. Results The majority of patients were NHW (85.6%), NHB (12.5%), and Hispanic (1.85%). The median overall survival for all patients was greater than 12 years. Hispanics, compared to NHW, had a higher percentage of patients with triple negative (TN) (7.6 vs 5.6%), HER2 positive (19.3 vs 14.2%), and stage III/IV (23.1 vs 15.7%). In univariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of death in Hispanics, compared to NHW, was lower for stage III (0.744), stage IV (0.842), HER2 positive (0.748) and TN (0.862) patients (all p-value All patients with a Charlson score of 1 or more, regardless of ethnicity, are 65% more likely to die compared to patients with no co-morbidities. Triple negative patients are 2.5 times more likely to die compared to patients of non-TN status. Patients that are stage II, III, and IV are 1.9, 4.6, and 19.2 times more likely to die than patients with stage I disease, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression, effects of ethnicity on survival were significant. Hispanic patients were 17% less likely and NHB patients were 34% more likely to die when compared to NHW breast cancer patients. Conclusion The Hispanic, breast cancer population has a statistically significant better survival than NHW patients regardless of stage, age, co-morbidities, or receptor (ERPR, HER2 or TN) status. These results indicate that Hispanic ethnicity is a predictor of superior patient outcomes. Further investigation will be required to delineate the factors which contribute to this outcome difference. Citation Format: Aurash Khoobehi, Runhua Shi, Amanda Burton, Gary V. Burton. Multivariate analysis of breast cancer patients showing superior outcome in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4232.
Regulation of Insulin Action and Insulin Secretion by SNARE-Mediated Vesicle Exocytosis

Maintenance of glucose homeostasis requires ‘cross-talk’ between pancreatic insulin secretion and insulin signaling in the peripheral tissues. Both insulin secretion and glucose uptake are regulated exocytotic processes mediated by SNARE protein complexes. SNARE core complexes are heterotrimeric, composed of syntaxin, SNAP-25/23 and VAMP2 proteins in a 1∶1∶1 ratio. It has become clear that we must thoroughly define the precise mechanisms underlying insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation by skeletal muscle and adipose cells as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells in order to develop therapeutic strategies to better treat and eventually cure diabetic patients. In this chapter, I will examine the molecular interactions responsible for these SNARE dependent events. Similarities and differences in molecular machinery, exocytosis mechanisms as well as the impact of accessory proteins such as Munc18 and Rab GTPases will be discussed. New findings on alterations of particular SNARE proteins upon glucose homeostasis are described in terms of potential for pharmacological targets for intervention.
Forging a Mestiza Rhetoric: Mexican Women Journalists' Role in the Construction of a National Identity.

Damian Baca's theoretical projections mMestiz? Scripts, Digital Migrations, and the Territories of Writing offer rhetoric and composition the prospect of what Jacqueline Jones Royster calls "standing in other places" (150). Rhetoric has been situated in a Euroamerican perspective of theory and history for centuries (Abbott; Villanueva, "On the Rhetoric"; Baca; Royster; Wu). Baca's theory on mestiza rhetoric shifts our gaze from the dominant theoretical and narrative perspective to a "mestiza consciousness that offers the possibility of 'thinking and writing from' the intersection of Mesoamerican and Western perspectives, where their collective ex pressions merge" (5). In this article, I investigate Mexican women journalists' writing during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They were at the center of the Latin American transnational experience?as female pioneers in the creation of a new mestiza rhetoric that reflected writing from the standpoint of inclusion that was resistant to oppressive ideologies. These Mexican women's discourse is situated within a non-Greco-Roman (or quasiGreco-Roman) historical tradition of Mexico. The writings that they produced had dual rhetorical purposes. First, these Mexican women journalists wrote in order