cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A palaeogeographic link between Australia and eastern North America: a New England connection?

Abstract. This research tests the hypothesis that Australia and eastern North America met in rotational collision during the Palaeozoic with the corollary that the New England fold belt of Australia, rather than the Reguibat promontory of Africa, collided with the Alleghanian orogen in the central Appalachians. Identical Lancefieldian-stage, zone 1 (Early Ordovician) graptolites of the Anisograptid family are found in identical environments in Newfoundland, Norway, and the Lachlan fold belt of Australia. Palaeozoic granites are consistent with a tectonic model in which the Lachlan fold belt caused mechanical deformation of the Canadian Appalachians. The Lachlan and New England fold belts of Australia and the Alleghanian orogen of North America are tectonically consistent with the east coast hypothesis. Major deformations and magmatic episodes are coeval from Silurian to Permian. The tectonic, palaeontologic, lithologic, and geometric evidence for this position is more abundant and precise than the stratigraphic evidence for a west coast location of Australia relative to North America.
Adaptive translocation : the role of hydrogen bonding and membrane potential in the uptake of guanidinium-rich transporters into cells

A mechanistic hypothesis is presented for how water-soluble guanidinium-rich transporters attached to small cargoes (MW ca. <3000) can migrate across the non-polar lipid membrane of a cell and enter the cytosol. Positively charged and water-soluble, arginine oligomers can associate with negatively charged, bidentate hydrogen bond acceptor groups of endogenous membrane constituents, leading to the formation of membrane-soluble ion pair complexes. The resultant less polar, ion pair complexes partition into the lipid bilayer and migrate in a direction, and with a rate, influenced by the membrane potential. The complex dissociates on the inner leaf of the membrane and the transporter conjugate enters the cytosol. This mechanism could also be involved in the translocation of guanidinium-rich molecules that are endocytosed due to their size or the conditions of the assay, across the endosomal membrane.
On the relationships between induced /spl lscr//sup /spl infin//-gain and various notions of dissipativity

Several approaches to the dissipativity characterization of /spl lscr//sup /spl infin//-gain performance measures are compared and contrasted. Points of comparison include whether the given characterization is both necessary and sufficient or merely sufficient for /spl lscr//sup /spl infin//-gain, whether there is a simple relationship between the gain parameter (or gain function) and the supply rate or performance output, and whether the characterization employs auxiliary nonlinear filters. There is also a discussion of the roles of different types of bias in classical /spl lscr//sup P/-gain performance criteria.
Endotracheal tube safety during laser surgery.

The most morbid complication of laryngeal laser surgery is an endotracheal tube lire. The purposes of this study were to determine the efficiency of saline solution-soaked cottonoid pledgets in protecting endotracheal tube cuffs from the laser beam and to evaluate the safety of four commonly used endotracheal tubes. The method involved measurement of perforation times of saline-soaked cottonoid pledgets with controlled variables of air exposure times and laser energy. The second part evaluated the safety and ignition properties of the red rubber, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, and Xomed Laser-Shield® tubes by studying their perforation times and ignition properties under controlled oxygen concentrations. The results revealed that saline-soaked pledgets are very efficient in protecting endotracheal tube cuffs. The Laser-Shield® tube was the safest one studied. It had the highest ignition threshold of the four tubes tested.
White House Science Council formed

The new 13-member White House Science Council, established in mid-February by President Reagan's science advisor George A. Keyworth, II, meets for the first time today. On the agenda is a briefing of the activities of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and a discussion of possible topics for future in-depth study. Chief among its responsibilities, the council is to advise Keyworth on science and technology issues of national concern. The council, scheduled to meet once every 2 months, will discuss specific issues assigned by the science advisor and will keep him abreast of changing perspectives in the science and technology communities. The council may form subgroups or panels to conduct studies on specific issues assigned by Keyworth.
VLSI parallel architecture for Kalman filter: an algorithm specific approach

An algorithm specific architecture for Kalman filter is presented. It is based on systolic arrays. Parallelism has been exploited on both algorithm and architecture levels. Faddeev's algorithm has been employed. The involved computation tasks, triangularization and nullification are performed in parallel which leads to a speedup of about 40%. Throughput has been increased by using bi-trapezoidal arrays. Techniques have been employed for data storage and skewing which enables fast data transfer rates. A VLSI implementation of a prototype of matrix of size 4×4 has been discussed.
Modeling alkali consumption and digestibility improvement from alkaline treatment of wheat straw.

The alkali consumption during alkaline treatment of wheat straw at ambient temperature was measured as a function of time, solids concentration, and alkali concentration. The maximum measured alkali consumption was 5.5 g NaOH/100 g TS over a period of 30 days of treatment. Chemical functional groups (e.g., acyl and carboxyl groups) were measured and compared with the observed alkali consumption. The kinetics of alkali consumption were studied and a model was developed which predicts alkali consumption reasonably well. Use of this model was made to predict biodegradability of alkali-treated wheat straw, since a strong correlation was found to exist between alkali consumption and observed biodegradability. The method of bioconversion used was anaerobic digestion for methane production.
Information Commons: Meeting Millennials’ Needs

ABSTRACT Information Commons are popular with millennial (also called net generation) students, who often work in groups, use technology avidly, and combine their academic and social lives. Enhancing the configuration of services for the Information Commons can assist in leveraging the value of the available content, hardware, software, and physical setting to support learning and academic programs. Understanding millennial students’ lifestyle is key to developing a robust service program to engage and support them. This article originally published in Journal of Library Administration, Vol. 50, Issue 1, pages 27–37, 2010. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01930820903422156.
Development of a Global Health Curriculum for Family Medicine Based on ACGME Competencies

Background: With the popularity of global health among medical students and residents, family medicine (FM) residencies are developing pathways in global health. Curriculum based on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies adds rigor to the efforts. Description: We describe the adaptation of a comprehensive pediatric global health curriculum based on ACGME competencies for family medicine. The curriculum maps out goals, objectives, curricular elements, and evaluation modalities for each of the six competencies (medical knowledge, patient care, practice-based learning, professionalism, communication, and systems-based practice). A literature review, followed by an iterative process, guided the expansion of the pediatric curriculum and the prioritization of domains for FM. Input was sought from FM global health faculty at our 8 residencies, affiliated community faculty, and international health experts from across the United States who attended our workshop at a national FM ...
Mechanism of actin filament nucleation by Vibrio VopL and implications for tandem W domain nucleation

Pathogen proteins targeting the actin cytoskeleton often serve as model systems to understand their eukaryotic analogs. Structure-function studies of the bacterial actin nucleator VopL suggest that dimerization and pointed-end binding play crucial roles in VopL-mediated nucleation, by enabling the formation of a hexameric pointed end actin nucleus, and that eukaryotic actin nucleators may also function as dimers or higher oligomers.
Predicting Arsenate Adsorption on Iron-Coated Sand Based on a Surface Complexation Model

AbstractEquations were developed to predict arsenate sorption on iron oxide coated sand, on the basis of the constant capacitance surface complexation model, assuming formation of bidentate surface complexes between arsenate and iron oxyhydroxide surface sites. The developed equations can predict arsenate adsorption when initial arsenate concentration, adsorbent concentration, and solution pH are known. The average discrepancy between experimental data and modeling results was less than 5%. The maximum arsenate sorption capacity is the only parameter required that needs to be estimated from experimental data. The developed equations were validated by modeling arsenate adsorption on iron oxide sand over the pH range 5–8, under various initial arsenate concentrations and iron oxide coated sand solid concentrations. The developed predictive equation can also be used for calculating arsenate adsorption performance on iron impregnated activated carbon. Finally, the developed equation can be used to calculate s...
An Anomeric Control on Remote Stereochemistry in the Synthesis of Spiroketals

Evidence for a remarkable anomeric control on the stereoselectivity of a remote center is described in this communication.
Glyoxal bishydrazones through facile ring cleavage of hydrazinopyrazine by hydrazines

The reaction of chloropyrazine and hydrazine was reinvestigated and was shown to produce hydrazinopyrazine and glyoxal bishydrazone. The latter was obtained also when hydrazine hydrochloride was allowed to react with Hydrazinopyrazine. The fusion of hydrazinopyrazine at 160° produced glyoxal his(pyrazinythydrazone). The interconversions of glyoxal bishydrazone with Hydrazinopyrazine were studied. Mechanisms to explain the various transformations are discussed.
SCALAR FIELD THEORY ON A KÄHLER MANIFOLD

The invariant one-loop counter terms for a class of non-polynomial complex scalar field theories are found using the background field geodesic expansion together with heat kernel methods. These theories have dynamics invariant under a group G with fields that transform linearly only under a subgroup H of G. The fields are coordinates on a complex Kahlerian manifold corresponding to the coset space G/H. The technique is applied to the CPn model.
A Comparison of Acculturation Measures Among Hispanic/Latino Adolescents

Acculturation has been associated with numerous health and social outcomes among Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Various self-report scales have been used to measure acculturation, making comparisons of results across studies difficult. This study administered several commonly-used acculturation scales to 221 Hispanic/Latino 9th grade students in Los Angeles. Although all of these scales purport to measure acculturation, the correlations among the scales, and their correlations with language usage measures, were modest. As expected, higher scores on Hispanic/Latino orientation scales (or lower scores on U.S./White orientation scales) were associated with higher levels of ethnic identity formation. Results indicate that these acculturation scales may measure different aspects of the complex phenomenon of acculturation. For example, purely language-based measures shared only small amounts of variance with more comprehensive measures. Additional research is needed to create and validate acculturation measures for adolescents.
Complexity of prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia: more than up or down.

Results: Patients’ performance was significantly worse on the two-back working memory task than that of healthy subjects. However, there were areas within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the patients that were more active and areas that were less active than those of the healthy subjects. When the groups were subdivided on the basis of performance on the working memory task into healthy subjects and patients with high or low performance, locales of greater prefrontal activation and locales of less activation were found in the high-performing patients but only locales of underactivation were found in the low-performing patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia whose performance on the N-back working memory task is similar to that of healthy comparison subjects use greater prefrontal resources but achieve lower accuracy (i.e., inefficiency) and that other patients with schizophrenia fail to sustain the prefrontal network that processes the information, achieving even lower accuracy as a result. These findings add to other evidence that abnormalities of prefrontal cortical function in schizophrenia are not reducible to simply too much or too little activity but, rather, reflect a compromised neural strategy for handling information mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
System Level Simulation Benefits from Frequency Domain Behavioral Models of Mixers and Amplifiers

Novel generic frequency domain behavioural models are constructed for mixers and amplifiers. The modelling is based upon three concepts: time-invariant describing functions, linearisation and multidimensional curve fitting. The model parameters can be calculated based upon measured or simulated data. Model performance is illustrated on practical examples.
Two Cases of Catatonia With Thyroid Dysfunction

Catatonia is a distinct neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by motor signs, such as mutism, motor retardation, and withdrawal. It has been associated with a variety of psychiatric, medical, toxic, and neurologic states. A series of studies by Gjessing established that the catatonic state is associated with hypermetabolism, as evidenced by autonomic arousal and negative nitrogen balance. Gjessing implicated endocrine factors, such as abnormalities in catecholamine homeostasis, in periodic catatonia. The studies concluded that catatonic episodes correlated with negative nitrogen balance and reported that administration of thyroxine would prevent episodes of recurring catatonia. Other reports (e.g., Brownlie et al.) have indicated a relationship between thyroid disease and a variety of mood and psychotic syndromes. Few reports, however, specifically link catatonia defined bymodern systematic criteria with thyroid disease. We recently treated 2 patients with catatonia, which wasassociatedwith anoveractiveorunderactive thyroid, and both of them showed positive responses to lorazepam along with correction of the thyroid status.
A MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE MESOPHYLL SUCCULENCE

A B S T R A C T Mesophyll succulence (Sm), the ratio of water content to chlorophyll content of a cell or tissue, has been proposed as an index of CAM potential. In plant tissues where all cells contain chloroplasts, Sm may be measured easily. If water tissue (water-storing parenchyma lacking chloroplasts) is present, however, severe technical difficulties arise. We have developed a comparable index, morphological mesophyll succulence (Smm), which allows rapid determination of vacuole to chloroplast volumes in cells. There is a high correlation between the results obtained by these two techniques. Advantages of the microscopic technique include: more rapid determinations, fewer equipment needs, ability to be applied in the field, and no need to physically separate water tissues from photosynthetic tissues. CRASSULACEAN acid metabolism (CAM) is an adaptive feature of many desert and tropical plants that allows these plants to open their stomates at night and taken in large quantities of CO2 (Kluge and Ting, 1978). This CO2 is converted into malic or other organic acids, which are stored in the vacuoles of the plants' leaf and stem cells. During the day, the plant can use these organic acids as a source of CO2 for photosynthesis. Because there is already a CO2 source inside the cells, stomates may remain closed during the day. The ability to perform CAM photosynthesis is thus an adaptation that limits excessive transpiration in xeric environments.
Quantum theory of magnetotransport in two-dimensional systems with electron-impurity, electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions

Abstract The theory of the transverse static magnetoconductivity ( σ xx ) in a two-dimensional system under the simultaneous influence of electron-impurity, electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions is presented. An explicit expressions for σ xx under conditions appropriate for typical Shubnikov-De Haas measurements is obtained and the renormalized masses and scattering times arc clearly identified.
EXCRETION OF URINARY ANDROGENS FOLLOWING THE INJECTION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE

THIS PAPER presents the results of 121 assays for urinary androgens in 16 cases of hypogonadism in men and in 6 normal men. The method employed for assay of the urine of the patients was that of Gallagher and Koch (1, 2), while in the normal group the method of McCullagh and McLin (3) was used. In each assay 5 birds were employed and 5 controls were injected with androsterone. The normal range lies between 18 and 90 i.u. per 24-hour specimen of urine. In normals, 22 assays by the 1st method average 39.3 u and 26 assays by the 2nd averaged 35.7 u. The probable error in the 1st group is 6.52 and in the 2nd is 5.03. Group 1. Testosterone propionate1 in doses varying from 5 to 50 mg. was given to hypogonadal individuals and the urinary androgens during the succeeding 24 hours were measured. Assays done in this group preceding treatment all gave findings below the normal range, the average being 4 u.
Strategieën in preventieve zorg voor ouderen

Drewes YM, Blom JW, Assendelft WJJ, Gussekloo J. Strategieen in preventieve zorg voor ouderen. Huisarts Wet 2015;58(1):20-3.
Effect of sodium fluoride on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the rat uterus.

Abstract Intrauterine administration of 50 μmol of NaF to the ovariectomized mature rat causes a 2–3-fold increase in the total uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity within 24 h. The response is characterized by a 4–6 h lag with a maximum effect from 24 to 36 h after a single treatment. Uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity continues to increase with daily administration of NaF through 4 days. The NaF-induced response is blocked by prior intrauterine administration of cycloheximide but not actinomycin D suggesting that the enzyme activity increases by a post-transcriptional effect of NaF on de novo enzyme synthesis. Direct measurement of the effect of NaF on the rate of incorporation of [ 14 C]leucine into immunoprecipitable uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase indicates that NaF causes a 9-fold increase in the rate of enzyme synthesis during the interval from 12 to 16 h after treatment. The half-life of the enzyme as measured by the rate of loss of [1- 24 C]glutamate from previously labeled uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is decreased from 27 to 10 h by NaF. The NaF response does not seem to be mediated by activation of uterine adenylyl cyclase since theophylline does not potentiate the response and since intrauterine application of cyclic AMP does not mimic the response. The increase in enzyme activity is preceded by an increase in the rate of utilization of the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway as determined by the ratio of the rates of oxidation of [1- 14 C]glucose to [6- 14 C]glucose to CO 2 by uterine slices in vitro. The action of NaF on this pathway most likely results from inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme, enolase, and increased pathway utilization may be the factor which controls enzyme synthesis. When given in combination with other known inducers of uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase such as estradiol and NADP + , NaF acts synergistically.
Dynamic stiffness of parabolic cables

A closed-form expression for the in-plane horizontal stiffness of a viscously damped, uniform, inclined cable in harmonic motion is presented. The cable is presumed to be deflected in a parabolic profile at its position of static equilibrium, and all dynamic displacements are assumed to be small. The stiffness expression is valid for an arbitrary angle of inclination of the cable chord in the range between zero and 90 degrees. In addition, a simpler solution, valid over a narrower range of the parameters, is included and its accuracy examined. Comprehensive numerical data are presented and discussed, with particular emphasis on explaining the physical significance of the results and providing insight into the action of the cable and into the parameters that control it. Finally, a simple, single-degree-of-freedom model is proposed which reproduces with good accuracy the salient features of the response of the prototype cable over a wide range of conditions.
Measuring hydrocarbon viscosity with oscillating microcantilevers

Abstract This experimental–theoretical paper presents a reconstruction algorithm that enables the measurement of viscosity from the experimental resonance spectrum of a microcantilever immersed in the fluid under study. An analytical, closed-form solution of the equation of motion, including damping and internal friction, for the microcantilever frequency response is used which allows direct measurement of the fluid damping coefficient. This damping coefficient has a simpler relationship to viscosity than the commonly used quality factor, thus simplifying the process of calibrating and obtaining viscosity from experimental data. We validate the method by experimentally confirming that the relationship between viscosity and damping constant is quadratic. This is done with hydrocarbon liquids spanning a wide range of viscosities. Finally, we apply the method developed here to measure the viscosities of Hexadecane and Dodecane, obtaining very good agreement with accepted values.
Administration of sesamol improved blood-brain barrier function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Uncontrolled or poorly controlled blood glucose during diabetes is an important factor in worsened vascular function. While evidence suggests that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a prominent role in development of microangiopathy of the retina, kidney, and nerves, the role oxidative stress plays on blood–brain barrier (BBB) function and structure has lagged behind. In this study, a natural antioxidant, sesamol, was administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats to examine the role that oxidative stress plays on BBB structure and function. Experiments were conducted at 56 days after STZ injection. Male Sprague–Dawley rats randomly were divided into four treatment groups CON––control; STZ––STZ-induced diabetes; CON + S––control + sesamol; STZ + S––STZ-induced diabetes + sesamol. Functional and structural changes to the BBB were measured by in situ brain perfusion and western blot analysis of changes in tight junction protein expression. Oxidative stress markers were visualized by fluorescent confocal microscopy and assayed by spectrophotometric analysis. Results demonstrated that the increased BBB permeability observed in STZ-induced diabetic rats was attenuated in STZ + S rats to levels observed in CON. Sesamol treatment reduced the negative impact of STZ-induced diabetes on tight junction protein expression in isolated cerebral microvessels. Oxidative stress markers were elevated in STZ as compared to CON. STZ + S displayed an improved antioxidant capacity which led to a reduced expression of superoxide and peroxynitrite and reduced lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, this study showed that sesamol treatment enhanced antioxidant capacity of the diabetic brain and led to decreased perturbation of hyperglycemia-induced changes in BBB structure and function.
Interferon-γ promotes cholinergic differentiation of embryonic septal nuclei and adjacent basal forebrain

Abstract In cultured rat embryonic septal nuclei with adjacent basal forebrain, murine interferon-γ (IFNγ) produces a striking increase in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and mRNA. The effect of IFNγ on cholinergic differentiation is more potent in E14 cultures than in older cultures. IFNγ does not cause a change in the affinity of ChAT for choline, nor does it affect cell proliferation. Whereas IFNγ doubles neuronal cell number, the cholinergic cell number increases more than 7-fold. Ameboid microglia respond to IFNγ with the translocation of p91 to the nucleus. The action of IFNγ is not mediated by NGF or bFGF. The enhancement of cholinergic expression that occurs with increased cell density may be partly attributable to an endogenous IFNy-like molecule, since antibodies to IFNy offset the effects of increased cell density.
The Public Health Approach to Campus Suicide Prevention.

This chapter explores public health theories and approaches to suicide prevention on campus. Implications for student affairs and higher education personnel regarding suicide prevention programming are discussed.
Prevalence of somatic indicators of distress in diabetes patients: comparison to psychiatric patients and community nonpatients

Objective:Because psychiatric screening methods are usually developed using psychiatric samples but not medical samples, they often include distress indicators that overlap with medical illness. Th...
Immunotherapy and whole‐body hyperthermia as combined modality treatment of a subcutaneous murine sarcoma

Interleukin-2 and hyperthermia have been used individually to treat a variety of tumors in both experimental and human trials. Combined adoptive immunotherapy and hyperthermia is an exciting new line of investigation. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that combined local hyperthermia and rIL-2 therapy can significantly decrease the rate of tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the effect of combined whole-body hyperthermia (WBHT) and rIL-2 on the growth of subcutaneous MCA-105 murine tumors in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of both microscopic (day 3) and macroscopic (day 10) tumors was evaluated. In the treatment of microscopic tumors, animals received either no treatment; rIL-2 (3 x 10(5) IU ip tid) on days 3-7; plus WBHT (41 degrees C for 30 min) on days 3, 5, and 7; or WBHT only days 3, 5, and 7. In treating macroscopic tumors, animals received either no treatment; rIL-2 on days 10-14; plus WBHT on days 10, 12, and 14; or WBHT only on days 10, 12, and 14. While combined treatment and WBHT alone had no significant effect on the growth of microscopic tumors, combined IL-2 and WBHT significantly reduced the rate of tumor growth of macroscopic tumors. These results suggest that the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in combined WBHT and rIL-2 therapy, and may be due to effects of WBHT on the tumor vasculature.
Conversion of m-carboxyphenylalanine to m-carboxyphenylglycine in Wedgewood iris leaves.

Abstract Radioactive meta -carboxyphenylalanine-2-C 14 was synthesized and fed to different tissues of Wedgewood iris and to Reseda leaves. Only iris leaves showed any appreciable metabolism of the labeled amino acid, with the label appearing in meta -carboxyphenylglycine and not in other amino acids. m -Carboxyphenylglycine was isolated by paper chromatography, and its identity was established by radioautography and crystallization to constant specific activity. Degradation of this amino acid established that the label was in the α-carboxyl group. These results strongly suggest that m -carboxyphenylalanine has been converted to its next lower homologue with loss of the carboxyl carbon, a transformation that has not heretofore been demonstrated to occur naturally.
Internal cue exposure and the treatment of substance use disorders: Lessons from the treatment of panic disorder

Despite early recognition of the importance of internal cues (craving sensations and emotional states) for relapse in substance use disorders, relatively little attention has been devoted to exposure-based treatments targeting these cues. Drawing upon research on the conceptualization and treatment of panic disorder, we discuss the application of internal (largely emotional) cue exposure for substance use disorders. Our model for this discussion was based on the role of exposure to feared sensations of anxiety in the treatment of panic disorder and benzodiazepine (BZ) discontinuation. Shared research strategies between panic disorder and substance use--studies of biological provocation and anxiety sensitivity--were discussed, as were gender differences in drug-use motives. In accordance with research on anxiety sensitivity, provocation effects, and the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal, we discussed the potential value of internal cue-exposure strategies for individuals who use substances as a way to cope with negative affect.
Bioactive and immunoactive ACTH in the rat pituitary: influence of stress and adrenalectomy.

Tissue levels of bioactive and im munoactive ACTH were measured in both the anterior and neuro-intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary. Similar concentrations of bioactive (65 ng⁄mg) and immunoactive (83 ng⁄mg) ACTH were found in the anterior lobes from control rats.A 2–min ether stress had no effect on either bioactive or immunoactive ACTH levels in the anterior lobe. Twenty-four h after adrenalectomy the anterior lobe content of both bioactive and immunoactive ACTH decreased, only to return to supranormal levels 21 days after the operation. A 30–min neurogenic stress had no effect on anterior lobe bioactive ACTH content but reduced theimmunoactive ACTH level t o 50 ng⁄mg. Synthetic ∞17-39 ACTH was used in our radio-immunoassay in order to measure the C-terminal ACTH activity of the neuro-intermediate lobe. The concentration of such C-terminal activity in control rats (890 ng ∞17-39 ACTH⁄mg) considerably exceeded theamount of bioactive ACTH (15 ng⁄mg). This is presumably due primarily to the presence of ...
Calculation of the total scattering energy over a spherical surface by integration of the Gucker series

Abstract The classical Mie equations are formulated in terms of two angular functions πn(cosθ), πn(cosθ), involving complicated derivatives of Legendre polynomials. In an attempt to obtain expressions better suited for analytical treatment, Gucker et al. derived a new set of scattering intensity functions, named here as the Gucker series, by expanding classical Mie angular functions in terms of trigonometrical functions. Recently we were able to apply the Gucker series to calculate the total scattering energy over a spherical surface by integrating the Gucker series. Calculation of total scattering energy generally involves the computation of ƒI θ sin θdθ , where Iθ represents the intensity of the light scattered through an angle θ, measured from the forward direction of the incident beam. We found that integration of ƒI θ sin θdθ is exactly workable in terms of the Gucker series. The results of integration is easily grouped into simple matrices convenient for computation.
Dieldrin Susceptibility: Partial Restoration in Anopheles Selected with a Carbamate

Selection of dieldrin-resistant Anopheles albimanus Wied. and normal Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say with m-isopropylphenyl methylcarbamate for 21 and 30 generations, respectively, resulted only in vigor tolerance to this and other aryl methylcarbamates. However, it caused substantial restoration of dieldrin- and DDT-susceptibility in Anopheles by increasing the frequency of homozygous susceptible phenotypes from 10 to 83 percent.
Inverse-photoemission study of unoccupied electronic states in Ge and Si: Bulk energy bands.

We have measured k-resolved inverse-photoemission spectra of the Ge(111)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 and Si(111)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surfaces. The main spectral features are well described in terms of direct transitions to the three lowest conduction bands along \ensuremath{\Gamma}L and a transition to a surface resonance near the conduction-band minimum via a surface umklapp process. An extra feature reflects a maximum in the density of empty states. Several critical points are determined, e.g., for Ge, ${L}_{1}$ at 0.7 eV, ${L}_{3}$ at 4.2 eV, and ${L}_{2}^{\mathcal{'}}$ at 7.9 eV and a higher L point at 11 eV, and for Si, ${L}_{1}$ at 2.4 eV and ${L}_{3}$ at 4.15 eV above the valence-band maximum. By comparing our inverse-photoemission results with those from photoemission and optical spectroscopy we find that the ${E}_{1}$ transition could be lowered by the electron-hole interaction by up to 0.15 eV for Ge and 0.5 eV for Si. A comparison with first-principles and empirical band calculations is made.
Children's responses when interviewers distort details during investigative interviews

Objective. Misunderstandings sometimes occur during investigative interviews when an interviewer distorts details provided by the child. This was examined in the present study by investigating (i) when and how 'distortions' occur, and (ii) children's responses to the distortions.Method. In all, 140 such distortions were identified in 68 formal investigative interviews of 3- to 14-year-olds who had made allegations of sexual or physical abuse. Features of the utterance in which the distortion was made were coded (e.g. the complexity of the utterance, the topic that was being discussed) and analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used to determine whether these affected children's responses to the interviewers' distortions.Results. One-third of the distortions were corrected by the children. The children were most likely to correct interviewers when the distortions were embedded in short utterances and when the interviewers changed aspects of someone's identity. When children did not correct the interviewers, the interviewers continued to misrepresent the details in the remainder of the interview.Conclusions. Although some children felt comfortable correcting the interviewers, a substantial portion of the distortions were not corrected. The results of the study suggest that it might be valuable to inform children at the beginning of the interview that they can and should correct interviewers, and to provide children with the opportunity to practice doing this prior to the substantive phase of the interview. Language: en
Effect of high percentage medium-chain triglyceride diet on mucosal adaptation following massive bowel resection in rats.

Patients undergoing massive small bowel resection for a variety of conditions develop severe nutrient malabsorption which gradually improves through mucosal hyperplasia in the remaining small intestine. Following massive small bowel resection, patients are generally fed elemental diets, often containing high concentrations of medium-chain triglycerides. We evaluated the effect of high percentage medium-chain triglyceride feeding on mucosal adaptation following massive small bowel resection in rats. Twenty 150-g Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60% jejunoileal resection. Another 20 animals received sham operations. One-half of each group were fed a diet containing 83% of the fat as medium-chain triglycerides, the remainder were fed a diet containing 40% medium-chain triglycerides. Animals were pair-fed for 2 wk and subsequently killed. The remaining bowel was removed and unidirectional glucose and leucine uptake were measured using isolated sacs. Mucosal wet weight, protein, and sucrase content were d...
Intrathymic Inoculation of a Murine Leukaemia Virus (Rich)

VIRUS induced leukaemia in the mouse provides a convenient model system for investigating the early stages of the leukaemogenic process. The intraperitoneal inoculation of murine leukaemia viruses into susceptible mice is followed by the development of unilateral thymic lymphoma and lymphocytic leukaemia1.
Sterol Resistance in CHO Cells Traced to Point Mutation in SREBP Cleavage-Activating Protein

Abstract Through expression cloning we have isolated a cDNA-encoding SREBP cleavage–activating protein (SCAP), which regulates cholesterol metabolism by stimulating cleavage of transcription factors SREBP-1 and -2, thereby releasing them from membranes. The cDNA was isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells with a dominant mutation that renders them resistant to sterol-mediated suppression of cholesterol synthesis and uptake. Sterol resistance was traced to a G→A transition at codon 443 of SCAP, changing aspartic acid to asparagine. The D443N mutation enhances the cleavage-stimulating ability of SCAP and renders it resistant to inhibition by sterols. SCAP has multiple membrane-spanning regions, five of which resemble the sterol-sensing domain of HMG CoA reductase, an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme whose degradation is accelerated by sterols. SCAP appears to be a central regulator of cholesterol metabolism in animal cells.
Environmental modeling using omnidirectional vision sensors

In this note we demonstrate the utility of omni-directional images for efficiently deriving high-resolution environment models. Omni- Directional Vision Sensors (ODVS), which have a wide field of view, are the most suitable for immersive virtual walk-through in a remote environment. In this paper, we show omni-directional images that are acquired using high-resolution digital camera. Also we show the synthetic omni-directional images generated using 3D graphics methods. The high-resolution and the synthetic images provide invaluable high-quality input image for visual modeling research use.
Further Electron Microscopic Observations of Xiphinema Index

The use of dimethyl sulfoxide followed by Os04 as a fixation technique has made it possible to study the morphology of Xiphinema index at a higher resolution level than before. The observations reported here concern the structure of the cuticle, the epidermis, the nervous system, the somatic musculature, the connective tissue and the feeding apparatus. These observations are discussed and related to their possible function in virus transmission by this nematode.
Analysis of some immunochemical properties of human β-crystallin by radioimmunoassay

While radioimmunoassays for α- and γ-crystallin have been reported, this technology has not previously been applied successfully to the β-crystallins because of their instability to iodination by oxidative methods. We have succeeded in iodinating the human β-crystallins with the Bolton-Hunter reagent, a non-oxidative technique, and have developed radioimmunoassays for these proteins. Antisera to each of the three major classes of human β-crystallins were prepared and the feasibility of assaying the β1, β2 and β3-crystallins individually by radioimmunoassay was investigated. Antisera to β1 and β3-crystallins were found to react equally well with all three β-crystallin antigens, suggesting that specific antigenic determinants may not be present in these fractions. In contrast β2-crystallin was found to contain at least one highly specific antigen which can be detected as a minor precipitin band in immunodiffusion, but which appears to confer a high degree of specificity in the competitive binding situation of the radioimmunoassay. This apparent discrepancy between results from the two methods is discussed in terms of the marked differences in antibody concentration present.
Relative importance of avian life-history variables to population growth rate

Population growth rate is a function of several life-history variables, which differ in their potential influence on population dynamics. Knowledge of the relative importance of these life-history variables can have implications for ecological and evolutionary theory as well as the conservation of endangered species. We used life-history data for 155 populations of birds to estimate asymptotic growth rate (� ) and elasticity ofto changes in four life-history variables: age at maturity (˛), juvenile survival (Pj), adult survival (Pa), and mean fertility (F). Elasticities were used to quantify relative importance, and to test predictions regarding the pattern of relative importance. Neither ˛ nor any other single life-history variable was most influential in all populations, but Pa had the largest relative influence onin 53.5% of the populations. Several metrics (� /˛, � /Pa, F/˛, m/˛, and two estimates of generation time: ¯ A and T) were strongly correlated with elasticities, suggesting that these metrics may be useful predictors of the pattern of relative importance. In general, reproductive parameters (˛ and F) were most important in populations that matured early and had high reproductive rates, whereas survival parameters (Pj and Pa) were most important in populations that matured late and had low reproductive rates, consistent with earlier research in other taxa. Metrics that require minimal data and have strong predictive power (e.g. the m/˛ ratio) should be useful in devising conservation plans for those species that lack detailed demographic data.
Urban residents' perceptions of birds in the neighborhood: Biodiversity, cultural ecosystem services, and disservices

ABSTRACT As our world becomes increasingly urbanized, cities are often where we come into contact with the natural world—not just in parks and urban nature preserves, but in more familiar places like residential yards. We conducted bird surveys and social surveys in Chicago-area residential landscapes near forest preserves (primarily in middle- and high-income areas) to examine residents' perceptions of the birds that co-inhabit their neighborhoods and the relationship of those perceptions with characteristics of the bird community. We found that residents value many aspects of neighborhood birds, especially those related to aesthetics and birds' place in the ecosystem. Our results indicate that while birds were generally well liked and annoyances were minor, several common and visible urban species, such as the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), may attract attention for their negative qualities, such as their sounds and effects on...
Parallel Sampling of HDPs using Sub-Cluster Splits

We develop a sampling technique for Hierarchical Dirichlet process models. The parallel algorithm builds upon [1] by proposing large split and merge moves based on learned sub-clusters. The additional global split and merge moves drastically improve convergence in the experimental results. Furthermore, we discover that cross-validation techniques do not adequately determine convergence, and that previous sampling methods converge slower than were previously expected.
Techniques for the measurement of air-bearing separation -- A review

Various techniques for the measurement of air-bearing separation are described. Examples are given in the specific area of self-acting air-bearing sliders on rotating disks. The techniques can be categorized as capacitive, inductive and optical. The optical technique lacks frequency response but can provide an accurate and convenient way of calibration for the typically nonlinear but versatile capacitive and inductive gap sensors.
Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations for Digoxin Toxicity United States, 2005 to 2010

Background—Recent data on digoxin prescribing and adverse events are lacking but could help inform the management of digoxin in contemporary heart failure treatment. Methods and Results—We determined nationally representative numbers and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for digoxin toxicity in the United States using 2005 to 2010 reports from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project and the National Ambulatory (and Hospital Ambulatory) Medical Care Surveys. Based on 441 cases, an estimated 5156 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2663–7648) ED visits for digoxin toxicity occurred annually in the United States; more than three fourths (78.8% [95% CI, 73.5%–84.1%]) resulted in hospitalization. Serum digoxin level was ≥2.0 ng/mL for 95.8% (95% CI, 93.2%–98.4%) of estimated ED visits with levels reported (n=251 cases). The rate of ED visits per 10 000 outpatient prescription visits among patients ≥85 years was twice that of patients 40 to 84 ye...
Physical Education Curriculum Reform in Finland.

The Finnish education system has received worldwide attention due to the top academic performance of Finnish school students. Physical education, as an integral part of the Finnish education curriculum, potentially contributes to the overall success. The purpose of this article is to summarize Finnish physical education reform during the past decades and to review and critique recent literature that has examined the effectiveness of Finnish physical education programs. This review concludes that physical education has a solid foundation in Finnish schools and that it enjoys strong support in Finnish society. Although physical education contact time has diminished across four decades, the current basic education reform has begun to allocate more time and funding for elementary and middle school physical education. The literature review, however, revealed limited evidence on the effectiveness of physical education programs. In the future, robust studies are needed to provide evidence of the effectiveness of...
Wrinkling of a Fiber-Reinforced Membrane

In this paper we investigate the response of fiber-reinforced cylindrical membranes subject to axisymmetric deformations. The membrane is considered as an incompressible material, and the phenomenon of wrinkling is taken into account by means of the relaxed energy function. Two cases are considered: transversely isotropic membranes, characterized by one family of fibers oriented in one direction, and orthotropic membranes, characterized by two family of fibers oriented in orthogonal directions. The strain-energy function is considered as the sum of two terms: The first term is associated with the isotropic properties of the base material, and the second term is used to introduce transverse isotropy or orthotropy in the mechanical response. We determine the mechanical response of the membrane as a function of fiber orientations for given boundary conditions. The objective is to find possible fiber orientations that make the membrane as stiff as possible for the given boundary conditions. Specifically, it is shown that for transversely isotropic membranes a unique fiber orientation exists, which does not affect the mechanical response, i.e., the overall behavior is identical to a nonreinforced membrane.
Social factors, mental illness, and psychiatric care: Recent advances from a sociological perspective.

The author reviews advances in the sociological perspective on mental health over the past four years. He examines research on such topics as community acceptance of the mentally ill, arrest rates among former psychiatric inpatients, and the effect of social factors on the type of mental health treatment received. Other research areas surveyed include the influence of social factors on service utilization and on life stress and psychological distress, sex differences in psychological problems, and the relationship between organization of service delivery systems and patient outcome.
EFFICIENCY OF SPEARCON-ENHANCED NAVIGATION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC MENUS

This study investigated navigation through a cell phone menu in the presence of auditory cues (text-to-speech and spearcons), visual cues, or both. A total of 127 undergraduates navigated through a 50-item alphabetically listed menu to find a target name. Participants using visual cues (either alone or combined with auditory cues) responded faster than those using only auditory cues. Performance was not found to be significantly different among the two auditory only conditions. Although not significant, when combined with visual cues, spearcons improved navigational efficiency more than both text-tospeech cues and menus using no sound, and provided evidence for the ability of sound to enhance visual menus. Research results provide evidence applicable to efficient auditory menu creation.