cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Mining and Predictive Modeling of Biomolecular Network from Biomedical Literature Databases

In this paper, we present a novel approach Bio-IEDM (Biomedical Information Extraction and Data Mining) to integrate text mining and predictive modeling to analyze biomolecular network from biomedical literature databases. Our method consists of two phases. In phase 1, we discuss a semisupervised efficient learning approach to automatically extract biological relationships such as protein-protein interaction, protein-gene interaction from the biomedical literature databases to construct the biomolecular network. Our method automatically learns the patterns based on a few user seed tuples and then extracts new tuples from the biomedical literature based on the discovered patterns. The derived biomolecular network forms a large scale-free network graph. In phase 2, we present a novel clustering algorithm to analyze the biomolecular network graph to identify biologically meaningful subnetworks (communities). The clustering algorithm considers the characteristics of the scale-free network graphs and is based on the local density of the vertex and its neighborhood functions that can be used to find more meaningful clusters with different density level. The experimental results indicate our approach is very effective in extracting biological knowledge from a huge collection of biomedical literature. The integration of data mining and information extraction provides a promising direction for analyzing the biomolecular network.
'Going green'! Exploring customer preference in the hotel industry

Green management has become a new mandate for firms in all industries to use in their operational strategies. The hotel industry has long utilised environmentally friendly practises yet it has incorporated more actions in recent years due to consumer demand. This work offers an exploratory qualitative study of consumer perceptions about the importance of green management practises in purchase decisions for hotel stays. The sample includes hotel customers. Results suggest that green management practises do matter to a majority of customers. Other findings and directions for future research are included.
Modulation Performance Of 1.3 and 1.51 µm InGaAsP Buried Crescent Injection Lasers With Semi-Insulating Current Confinement Layer

J. W. Ure, D. Perrachione, and D. RennerTelecommunications, Lightwave Product Systems Division, Rockwell International CorporationMail Stop 406 -230, Dallas, Texas 75207K. L. Hess and S. W. ZehrScience Center Department, Rockwell International CorporationThousand Oaks, California 91360AbstractA hybrid growth technique has been used to fabricate low threshold 1.51 and 1.3 um InGaAsPburied crescent (BC) injection lasers with a semi -insulating current confinement layer. Thetechnique involves a first stage of low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition(LPMOCVD) followed by a liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) stage. The BC lasers exhibit CWthreshold currents as low as 12 mA at 25'C, high yield, differential quantum efficiency over41 %, and output power more than 18 mW. Small- signal modulation response to 3.5 GHz and 5GHz has been obtained for 1.51 and 1.3 um laser respectively. The BC lasers show an initialsmall degradation rate of 1 % /kh at 50'C which gives an estimated operating lifetime of 47years at 25'C.IntroductionInjection lasers having a semi -insulating current confinement layer offer significantadvantages over similar devices using thyristor confinement structures. Lower leakagecurrents leading to high power operation can be obtained. Because of the high resistivityof the semi -insulating structure, the effect of parasitic impedance is reduced, leading tohigh speed modulation.Previous efforts to obtain InGaAsP lasers with semi -insulating blocking layers have usedvarious growth techniques, such as ion implantation /LPE (A=1.3 um) (1), VPE /LPE (A=1.3
Comparing Benefits and Harms: The Balance Sheet

THE CENTRAL elements of a decision about a medical activity, and therefore the central elements of a policy statement, are the consequences of the interventions that are being considered—their benefits, harms, and costs. The estimates of health and economic outcomes condense the information from clinical research and clinical experience into a form suitable for decisions and provide the basis for judgments about the desirability of the intervention. A simple but powerful way to present information on the outcomes of an intervention is the balance sheet. The idea is old and familiar; when you are trying to decide between two or more options that are complex and important, such as whether to buy a new car, make a list of the pros and cons of each option. The overall goal of the balance sheet is to help decision makers develop an accurate understanding of the important consequences of the different options.
Heat-curable polyaromatic keto-ether-sulfones. XIV. More polymers with 2,2'-diphenylethynyl-4,4'-diphenyl units and their rearrangement products

Polymers were prepared from 4,4′-diphenoxydiphenylsulfone, isophthaloyl dichloride, and bis-p-phenoxyphenyl-4,4′-(2,2′-dibromodiphenyl)ketone, 2,2′-dibromodiphenyl-4,4′-dicarbonyl dichloride, or bis-p-phenoxyphenyl-4,4′-(2,2′-diphenylethynyldiphenyl)ketone in Friedel-Crafts type of polymerization. Bromine groups were subsequently replaced with phenylacetylene residues, and the polymers were cured at high temperatures, with the apparent formation of benzanthracene linkages. Cured polymers exhibited higher softening points, decreased solubilities, and, in some instances, higher melting points than their uncured precursors. Significant weight losses occurred during isothermal aging tests.
Reconstituted membrane fusion requires regulatory lipids, SNAREs and synergistic SNARE chaperones

The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles, each with 3Q- and 1R-SNARE, requires SNARE chaperones (Sec17p/Sec18p and HOPS) and regulatory lipids (sterol, diacylglycerol and phosphoinositides). Pairs of liposomes of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine, bearing three vacuolar Q-SNAREs on one and the R-SNARE on the other, undergo slow lipid mixing, but this is unaffected by HOPS and inhibited by Sec17p/Sec18p. To study these essential fusion components, we reconstituted proteoliposomes of a more physiological composition, bearing vacuolar lipids and all four vacuolar SNAREs. Their fusion requires Sec17p/Sec18p and HOPS, and each regulatory lipid is important for rapid fusion. Although SNAREs can cause both fusion and lysis, fusion of these proteoliposomes with Sec17p/Sec18p and HOPS is not accompanied by lysis. Sec17p/Sec18p, which disassemble SNARE complexes, and HOPS, which promotes and proofreads SNARE assembly, act synergistically to form fusion-competent SNARE complexes, and this synergy requires phosphoinositides. This is the first chemically defined model of the physiological interactions of these conserved fusion catalysts.
Septo‐optic dysplasia as a manifestation of valproic acid embryopathy

Background The use of valproic acid during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including major and minor congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), hyperbilirubinemia, hepatotoxicity, transient hyperglycemia, and fetal and neonatal distress. In addition, intrauterine exposure to valproic acid has been associated with an increased risk of central nervous system abnormalities, primarily neural tube defects. Optic nerve hypoplasia has been reported in association with other prenatal anticonvulsant exposures, but the occurrence of septo-optic dysplasia as a manifestation of valproic acid embryopathy has not been reported previously. Results We report on a woman who received Depakote (valproic acid) throughout her pregnancy for the treatment of a seizure disorder. The patient presented with features typical of valproic acid embryopathy, including bitemporal narrowing, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, microphthalmia, a flat broad nasal bridge, small mouth, hypoplastic nails, mild clinodactyly, and camptodactyly. MRI showed hypoplasia of the optic chiasm and absence of the septum pellucidum. Conclusions We report the first case of septo-optic dysplasia associated with maternal exposure to valproic acid throughout pregnancy. This case expands the clinical phenotype of valproate embryopathy. Teratology 64:83–86, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Christian Influence upon the Ideology of the Taiping Rebellion

During the years 1851 to 1864 a central feature of the Chinese political scene was the Taiping rebellion. This was a peasant movement led by disappointed candidates in the official examinations and unlettered men of native military and organizational genius who capitalized upon the economic distress of the time and the declining ability of the Manchu rulers to take the principal cities of the Yangtze valley and at one point to threaten Peking itself. The rebels maintained their capital in Nanking from 1853 until 1864. From this point they waged intermittent campaigns in the provinces from Hunan and Hupeh east to the sea and thus denied the ruling dynasty the rich lower-Yangtze revenue for more than a decade. The rebellion was active at one time or another in fourteen of the eighteen provinces of the empire. Antidynastic societies not part of the Taiping movement used the embarrassment of the dynasty to disrupt areas which the Taipings did not reach. From the military point of view the Ch'ing dynasty was probably threatened most seriously in 1853 when the rebels got to within thirty miles of Tientsin. But if the Taiping troops were never again able to invade Chihli, neither were the imperial soldiers capable of regaining the Yangtze basin. After 1853 it required eleven years of punitive expeditions, the training of a new type of provincial militia, and incidental foreign aid to put down the rebellion.
Regulation of copper absorption by copper availability in the Caco-2 cell intestinal model

Relatively little is known about the individual steps in intestinal copper absorption and whether or how they may be regulated. Polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers with tight junctions offer an alread...
Why Women Protest: WHY WOMEN PROTEST: TIPPING, TIMING, AND FRAMING

The socialist government of President Salvador Allende (1970–3) and the military government of General Augusto Pinochet (1973–90) represented two of the most divisive periods in the recent history of Chile. These two regimes differed in almost every respect. The Allende government attempted to pave a “peaceful road to socialism,” implementing Marxist reforms within a democratic framework. Allende nationalized industries, accelerated the process of agrarian reform, and incorporated peasants and workers into the political system on a massive scale. When the military took power in a coup in 1973, the Pinochet regime put a decisive end to Chile's experiment with socialism, not only undoing Allende's reforms but implementing a new order altogether. Pinochet's efforts to reconstruct the country extended far beyond replacing civilian leaders with military officials. He opened the economy to the free market and built Chile's political institutions to establish order and stability. A fierce campaign of repression limited the expression of public opposition to these policies. Despite the stark differences between these two regimes, they shared an important, even remarkable feature in a patriarchal culture such as Chile's: the mobilization of women. In both of these tumultuous periods, women mobilized to bring down the government in power and demanded a role in the new political order. The anti-Allende women organized the famous “March of the Empty Pots” and pressured the military to heed women's call for intervention. During the Pinochet regime, women organized around the slogan “Democracy in the Country and in the Home,” punctuating the pro-democracy movement with demands for human rights, economic justice, and women's equality.
Exposure to allergen and diesel exhaust particles potentiates secondary allergen-specific memory responses, promoting asthma susceptibility

Background Exposure to traffic pollution particulate matter, predominantly diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), increases the risk of asthma and asthma exacerbation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objective We sought to examine the effect of DEP exposure on the generation and persistence of allergen-specific memory T cells in asthmatic patients and translate these findings by determining the effect of early DEP exposure on the prevalence of allergic asthma in children. Methods The effect of DEPs on house dust mite (HDM)–specific memory responses was determined by using an asthma model. Data from children enrolled in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study birth cohort were analyzed to determine the effect of DEP exposure on asthma outcomes. Results DEP coexposure with HDM resulted in persistent T H 2/T H 17 CD127 + effector/memory cells in the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes of adult and neonatal mice. After 7 weeks of rest, a single exposure to HDM resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness and increased T H 2 cytokine levels in mice that had been previously exposed to both HDM and DEPs versus those exposed to HDM alone. On the basis of these data, we examined whether DEP exposure was similarly associated with increased asthma prevalence in children in the presence or absence of allergen exposure/sensitization in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study birth cohort. Early-life exposure to high DEP levels was associated with significantly increased asthma prevalence among allergic children but not among nonallergic children. Conclusion These findings suggest that DEP exposure results in accumulation of allergen-specific T H 2/T H 17 cells in the lungs, potentiating secondary allergen recall responses and promoting the development of allergic asthma.
Introduction to the special section-issues in corporate and organizational communication: communication and change

Corporations are changing; they are reinventing, rethinking, transforming, and reengineering themselves. And with change comes chaos, uncertainty, and renewal. For everyone involved, change represents either a threat to security or an opportunity to move forward. What are the forces at work in changing corporations? In the author's own research on corporate culture and on the forces affecting corporate communication, marketing, and advertising, five general categories of forces have emerged: a new sophistication in customers or audience; new media and technologies or communication tools; a more complex ethical environment; stronger economic factors; and new strategic alliances. >
Note: Extremal trees with given degree sequence for the Randić index

The Randic index of a graph G is the sum of ((d(u))(d(v)))^@a over all edges uv of G, where d(v) denotes the degree of v in G, @a 0. When @a=1, it is the weight of a graph. Delorme, Favaron, and Rautenbach characterized the trees with a given degree sequence with maximum weight, where the question of finding the tree that minimizes the weight is left open. In this note, we characterize the extremal trees with given degree sequence for the Randic index, thus answering the same question for weight. We also provide an algorithm to construct such trees.
Entrepreneur characteristics and the success of venture exit: an analysis of single-founder start-ups in the U.S.

Despite much interest in the characteristics of entrepreneurs and their impact on venture performance or survival of start-ups, the relationship between such entrepreneur characteristics and successful venture exit has largely been unexplored. This paper explores the impact of the entrepreneur’s pre-entry industry experience, general education, and post-entry labor on entrepreneurial exit. We distinguish closing down of a venture from the termination of business because of a merger or acquisition (M&A). Examining the tracking data of the exiting U.S. start-ups launched in 2004, this study found that it was not the human capital but the labor of the entrepreneur that helped realize a successful entrepreneurial exit. The result suggests that although the entrepreneur’s human capital is known to affect his/her decision on exit strategies, the actual successful exit of a start-up is primarily due to hard-working characteristics of the entrepreneur.
Non-allergic rhinitis: a case report and review

Rhinitis is characterized by rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itch and/or postnasal drip. Often the first step in arriving at a diagnosis is to exclude or diagnose sensitivity to inhalant allergens. Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) comprises multiple distinct conditions that may even co-exist with allergic rhinitis (AR). They may differ in their presentation and treatment. As well, the pathogenesis of NAR is not clearly elucidated and likely varied. There are many conditions that can have similar presentations to NAR or AR, including nasal polyps, anatomical/mechanical factors, autoimmune diseases, metabolic conditions, genetic conditions and immunodeficiency. Here we present a case of a rare condition initially diagnosed and treated as typical allergic rhinitis vs. vasomotor rhinitis, but found to be something much more serious. This case illustrates the importance of maintaining an appropriate differential diagnosis for a complaint routinely seen as mundane. The case presentation is followed by a review of the potential causes and pathogenesis of NAR.
Probabilistic Gaze Imitation and Saliency Learning in a Robotic Head

Imitation is a powerful mechanism for transferring knowledge from an instructor to a naive observer, one that is deeply contingent on a state of shared attention between these two agents. In this paper we present Bayesian algorithms that implement the core of an imitation learning framework. We use gaze imitation, coupled with task-dependent saliency learning, to build a state of shared attention between the instructor and observer. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms in a gaze following and saliency learning task implemented on an active vision robotic head. Our results suggest that the ability to follow gaze and learn instructor-and task-specific saliency models could play a crucial role in building systems capable of complex forms of human-robot interaction.
Phase II clinical trial of arsenic trioxide with liposomal doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Abstract In patients with multiple myeloma, there is preclinical justification to combine arsenic trioxide (ATO and As 2 O 3 ) with DVd (Doxil™, vincristine, and dexamethasone) for newly diagnosed patients. Eleven patients on this phase II trial received 0.15 mg/kg of ATO for five consecutive days followed by four cycles of DVd plus ATO with the ATO at 0.25 mg/kg IV twice per week. The most common grade 3 toxicities were hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia. There were four partial and no complete responses. We could not demonstrate that the addition of ATO with this schedule improved the response rate of MM to DVd.
The minimum rank problem for circulants

Abstract The minimum rank problem is to determine for a graph G the smallest rank of a Hermitian (or real symmetric) matrix whose off-diagonal zero-nonzero pattern is that of the adjacency matrix of G. Here G is taken to be a circulant graph, and only circulant matrices are considered. The resulting graph parameter is termed the minimum circulant rank of the graph. This value is determined for every circulant graph in which a vertex neighborhood forms a consecutive set, and in this case is shown to coincide with the usual minimum rank. Under the additional restriction to positive semidefinite matrices, the resulting parameter is shown to be equal to the smallest number of dimensions in which the graph has an orthogonal representation with a certain symmetry property, and also to the smallest number of terms appearing among a certain family of polynomials determined by the graph. This value is then determined when the number of vertices is prime. The analogous parameter over R is also investigated.
Getting to Know Your Patient: How Facial Expression Can Help Reveal True Emotion

The moment the patient/client walks in the door a wide variety of information about this patient becomes available to the clinician or Health Care Provider (from here abbreviated to HCP). Not only is written information on the charts or notes about past history available to the HCP, but there is visual information in the clothing of the patient that communicates socio-economic status, marital status, and self-image; visual information in the body that communicates the patient’s sex, ethnicity, and physical strength; visual information in the body movements that communicates fatigue, enthusiasm, anxiety, extroversion or introversion, dominance or submissiveness; auditory information in the voice that communicates ethnicity, fatigue, anxiety, dominance or submissiveness, and current emotional state, and olfactory information that communicates self-image and hygiene (reviewed by Knapp & Hall, 1997). These are by no means the only things communicated through these channels. Regardless, a problem with all these nonverbal clues is that they are only probabilistically related to what they predict. For example, although impoverished patients may own more worn clothes, affluent patients may also own worn clothes. Furthermore, it is possible for thin patients to be physically strong; the lack of a wedding band does not necessarily mean a patient is not married, and so forth. Although this information can be helpful to the HCP understanding his or her patient, it is not accurate enough to make diagnostic judgments.
Reconciling the Uncertainties of Business and the Ethics of Care

I begin by clarifying Machiavelli’s overly simplified platitude: a leader should be loved or feared. I also show that Machiavelli’s short-term political paradigm is present in business and that raises ethical and economic conflicts. I believe these conflicts could be obviated with the ethics of care. I thereby introduce the ethics of care as defined by Virginia Held with focus on care as the larger framework in which regulations should fit. I then develop the view of business [with care] that habituates actions to yield intended consequences, as care is entirely concerned with long-term goals. I examine care through a closer understanding of individuals, relationships, and concepts of ownership. I include a case study on the financial crisis to show how public systems would fall apart without care. I conclude with a perspective on that, and how the crisis was unique to the housing bubble and not previous recessions following the Great Depression.
Superhero, Sleeping Beauty, or Devil? The Making of Orphan Myths and Public Administration

Children who are separated from their parents, whether temporarily or permanently, become dependent on representatives of the state to make the day-to-day decisions of their care. In these interactions with vulnerable children, these representatives rely on their own discretion to guide them in how to approach the children they are responsible for. What stories exist that might influence how street-level bureaucrats think about children who are separated from their parents? What narratives might inform the discretion and judgment they use in their work? In this paper, I explore the narratives of superhero stories, romance novels, and horror films in order to identify the orphan archetypes they portray and consider how these myths might impact the interactions between orphans and public administrators.
Collective Versus Individual Gain of “Natural Sprawl”: A Response to Okulicz-Kozaryn’s Article on “Natural Sprawl”

In response to the “natural sprawl” article by Okulicz-Kozaryn, I present a critical reflection on the assumption of studying the city in relation to individual and not collective gains. Okulicz-Ko...
Postcopulatory, prezygotic isolation: intraspecific and interspecific sperm precedence in Tribolium spp., flour beetles.

Postcopulatory, prezygotic isolation: intraspecific and interspecific sperm precedence in Tribolium spp., flour beetles
Inverse relationship of the anterolateral and anteromedial thigh flap perforator anatomy.

Background When anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforators are inadequate, exploration of the contralateral thigh or a new flap may be required. If the anteromedial thigh (AMT) perforators were useable in these instances, harvest could proceed from a single donor site. The purposes of this study were to define the AMT perforator anatomy and examine the relationships between the AMT and ALT perforators. Methods A total of 100 consecutive thighs were explored. The ALT and AMT perforator size and number were documented. The relationship between ALT and AMT size and number was examined using Fisher exact test, logistic regression, and linear regression. Results The main blood supply to the AMT flap was the rectus femoris branch (RFB) off the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoris artery. AMT perforators were only present in 51% of the thighs and most likely a single perforator near the midpoint and 3.2 cm medial to the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the patella (perforator B location). Patients with one or fewer ALT perforators had fourfold increased chance of an AMT perforator. Patients with small or no ALT perforators usually had a large AMT perforator. After assigning numeric values to perforators based on size, lower ALT perforator scores were significantly related to higher AMT scores. Conclusion The RFB is the main vascular pedicle of the AMT flap. There is an inverse relationship between size and number of ALT and AMT perforators: when ALT perforators are inadequate, AMT perforators are typically useable.
Application of Transmission Lines Traveling Wave Fault Location System in Smart Grid

The transmission lines fault location system consists of fault location device and master station,the difference between the fault location system applied to smart grid and that of traditional system is presented.In comparing with existing system,in fault location device for smart station distributed sampling is adopted and access to electronic transformer is provided.In addition,device communication based on IEC 61850 standard in substation is also solved.In the meantime,the method to promote fault location system reliability with regional grid information in master station is also studied,and a failure analysis system is developed using transient quantity information,which results in ability for initial diagnosis ability of power grid fault.
The effect of vitrectomy on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without visuable holes preoperatively

Objective:To study the clinical effect of vitrectomy on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment which hadn′t found holes preoperative. Methods:The clinical data of 21 cases (23 eyes)who underwent vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without visuable holes preoperatively were analyzed retrospectively.11 eyes were combined perfluro-n-octanes intraoperative retinal tamponade.12 eyes were combined scleral buckling.1 eyes was combined retinomy.17 eyes were combined scleral buckling.1 eyes was combined retinomy.17 eyes were combined silicone oil intraocular injection.6 eyes were combined C3F8 intraocular injection. Results:Retinal holes were found in 23 eyes during operation.After 6～22 months follow-up(mean 11.5 months),retinal attachment was achieved in 19 cese(21 eyes)(90.48%).Postoperative visual acuity improved in 20 eyes,remained stable in 2 eyes,and worsened in 1 eye. Conclusions:Vitrectomy should be selected at first for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.The key of success is to find retinal holes during operation carefully.
Synthetic studies on borrelidin: enantioselective synthesis of the C1-C12 fragment.

An efficient, enantioselective synthesis of the C1−C12 fragment 2 of borrelidin is presented. Construction of the “skipped” polymethylene chain of 2 was accomplished by iteration of Myers' alkylati...
Special reduction: a usage-based approach

‘Special reduction’ refers to instances of extreme phonetic reduction which is restricted to particular words or phrases, usually grammaticalizing constructions (going to > [gəɾə]), greetings (hi from how are you), discourse markers (Spanish o sea > sa), or other sequences that are often used together. On the basis of data from English, Brazilian Portuguese, and Colombian Spanish, we argue that special reduction is based on the general phonetic tendencies in the language, but that these tendencies are carried to an extreme where word sequences are used with high frequency and become chunked, allowing formerly stressed syllables to lose stress and reduce. The data also show that special reduction takes place gradually over time, and reflects general patterns of change seen in the history of the language. In fact, in some examples, special reduction presages more general sound changes that occur later. We argue that the gradual phonetic changes that accumulate for particular words or phrases, eventually changing them dramatically, requires an exemplar model for the phonological representation of words and phrases, which is updated continually as sequences are used and affected by reductive phonetic processes.
Electron Beam-Based Methods for Bioforensic Investigations

Publisher Summary Forensic investigations of biological attacks or incidents use physical evidence as well as genomics-based evidence to establish the places involved and the processes used to develop and to disperse a biological attack agent. The electron beam analysis techniques of SEM and (S)TEM have been invaluable tools that can be applied to the analysis of bioforensic samples. These tools provide both morphological and elemental information with high resolution and high elemental sensitivity to elucidate important signatures for forensic attribution from biological and chemical agents. The SEM is an important tool as samples do not require extensive preparation and thus much information about the morphology and the chemistry of the sample can be learned quickly. The SEM is capable of very high-resolution imaging (subnanometer has been demonstrated in some cases) and can provide elemental analysis of regions as small as fractions of a micrometer. These capabilities make the SEM the logical first choice for analysis of unknown solid biological or chemical materials. The (S)TEM is used when more detailed morphological or elemental information is needed, particularly at smaller length scales. Although typical samples for (S)TEM must be electron transparent or about 100 nm thick or less, some fine powders may be imaged directly. Preparation of thin samples for (S)TEM can be somewhat time-consuming, and the potential for contamination with fixatives and contrast stains must be constantly kept in mind. Use of thin samples in the (S)TEM allows extremely high-resolution imaging and microanalysis to be performed and important details of the sample to be revealed.
Review of "Servants of Globalization: Migration and Domestic Work" by Rhacel Salazar Parrenas

The second edition of Servants of Globalization: Migration and Domestic Work expands on Parrenas’ original interview data with Filipina domestic workers in Rome and Los Angeles with newly collected...
Enhancing pixelated fast-neutron block detector performance using a slotted light guide

The first fast-neutron scintillation block detector has been developed for use in neutron imaging applications. The low-cost, large field of view (FOV) block detector consists of a 10 × 10 array of plastic scintillator crystals, each with a size of approximately 1 × 1 × 5 cm3. To achieve both low cost and fast response time, the detector uses a 2 × 2 array of photomultiplier tubes (2-in. Photonis XP20D0) optically coupled to the array of scintillation crystals through a custom-made light guide. The light guide is segmented in such a way that all scintillator crystals can be resolved, including the edge crystals, to fully utilize the entire FOV of the detector. The thickness and depth of the light-guide segments were also optimized to maintain nearly uniform linearity between the true pixel locations and the reconstructed positions. Flood images from simulation and experiment show that each of the 100 pixels is resolved with an average peak-to-valley ratio for 14 MeV neutrons of 9:1. A mean deviation of 3.3 mm is obtained between the resolved image peaks and the respective true positions demonstrating good linearity. A coincidence measurement performed using a deuterium-tritium neutron generator, in which the neutrons were measured with the block detector and the corresponding alpha particles were measured with another scintillation detector revealed a total time resolution of 1.3 ns full width at half maximum.
The Female and Male Reproductive Systems

Like all living organisms, humans have finite life spans. Without sexual reproduction, the human species would become extinct.
Inhomogeneous oxidation of ZrB 2 -SiC ultra-high-temperature ceramic particulate composites and its mitigation

Abstract The ubiquitous inhomogeneous-oxidation behavior of a prototypical ZrB2-20 vol% SiC ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) particulate composite is investigated in detail. An innovative approach for enhancing the oxidation resistance of the composite and delaying the onset of its inhomogeneous oxidation is demonstrated. In this approach, a borosilicate glass coating that is highly compatible with the composite is applied to the composite surface a priori. The effect of the borosilicate-glass coating thickness on the homogeneous-oxidation kinetics of the composite is investigated quantitatively and modeled. A new phenomenon is discovered where ZrO2 precipitates of graded size are found to nucleate and grow within the borosilicate-glass layer, both in natively grown and in applied coating, during the oxidation of the composites. This is attributed to the ZrO2-solubility gradient across the borosilicate-glass layer as a result of preferential B2O3 volatilization at the surface.
Acute and Long-Term Impact of High-Protein Diets on Endocrine and Metabolic Function, Body Composition, and Exercise-Induced Adaptations

AbstractBackground: High-protein diets have been shown to improve body composition through alterations in satiety, muscle protein synthesis, and the thermic effect of food.Aim: Given these findings, the purpose of this review is to discuss the integration of the specific hormonal and metabolic effects of high-protein diets following both acute and long-term usage, especially with regard to body composition.Methods: Full-text articles were obtained through PubMed by using the terms “high-protein diet and body composition,” “high-protein diet and exercise,” “high-protein diet risk,” “high-protein diet side effects,” “protein quality PDCAAS,” “RDA for protein,” and “daily protein recommendation.” Articles were initially screened according to their title and abstract; careful evaluation of the full manuscripts was then used to identify relevant articles.Results: The higher satiety exerted by high-protein diets is generated through increments in anorexigenic, as well as decrements in orexigenic hormones. Impro...
“I’m Demi and I Have Bipolar Disorder”: Effect of Parasocial Contact on Reducing Stigma Toward People With Bipolar Disorder

Examining celebrity influence, participants (N = 594) completed an experiment to see if negative stereotypes toward bipolar disorder could be reduced as a function of mode of disease disclosure fro...
Shared Reading Quality and Brain Activation during Story Listening in Preschool-Age Children.

Objective To explore the relationship between maternal shared reading quality (verbal interactivity and engagement) and brain function during story listening in at-risk, preschool-age children, in the context of behavioral evidence and American Academy of Pediatrics, recommendations. Study design In this cross-sectional study, 22 healthy, 4-year-old girls from low socioeconomic status households completed functional magnetic resonance imaging using an established story listening task, followed by videotaped observation of uncoached mother-daughter reading of the same, age-appropriate picture book. Shared reading quality was independently scored applying dialogic reading and other evidence-based criteria reflecting interactivity and engagement, and applied as a predictor of neural activation during the functional magnetic resonance imaging task, controlling for income and maternal education. Results Shared reading quality scores were generally low and negatively correlated with maternal distraction by smartphones (P Conclusions Maternal shared reading quality is positively correlated with brain activation supporting complex language, executive function, and social-emotional processing in at-risk, preschool-age children. These findings represent novel neural biomarkers of how this modifiable aspect of home reading environment may influence foundational emergent literacy skills, reinforce behavioral evidence and American Academy of Pediatrics, recommendations, and underscore the potential of dialogic reading interventions to promote healthy brain development, especially in at-risk households.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Childhood

The authors discuss the epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation, and treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma as well as some of the less common sarcomas of childhood and adolescence. Special focus is placed on making careful histopathologic distinction between entities and on clearly recognizing distinct clinical syndromes.
Reducing sedation for pediatric body MRI using accelerated and abbreviated imaging protocols

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established diagnostic imaging tool for investigating pediatric disease. MRI allows assessment of structure, function, and morphology in cardiovascular imaging, as well as tissue characterization in body imaging, without the use of ionizing radiation. For MRI in children, sedation and general anesthesia (GA) are often utilized to suppress patient motion, which can otherwise compromise image quality and diagnostic efficacy. However, evidence is emerging that use of sedation and GA in children might have long-term neurocognitive side effects, in addition to the short-term procedure-related risks. These concerns make risk-benefit assessment of sedation and GA more challenging. Therefore, reducing or eliminating the need for sedation and GA is an important goal of imaging innovation and research in pediatric MRI. In this review, the authors focus on technical and clinical approaches to reducing and eliminating the use of sedation in the pediatric population based on image acquisition acceleration and imaging protocols abbreviation. This paper covers important physiological and technical considerations for pediatric body MR imaging and discusses MRI techniques that offer the potential of recovering diagnostic-quality images from accelerated scans. In this review, the authors also introduce the concept of reporting elements for important indications for pediatric body MRI and use this as a basis for abbreviating the MR protocols. By employing appropriate accelerated and abbreviated approaches based on an understanding of the imaging needs and reporting elements for a given clinical indication, it is possible to reduce sedation and GA for pediatric chest, cardiovascular and abdominal MRI.
Metabolic support challenges with obesity during critical illness

Adiposity-based chronic disease, critical illness, and nutrition therapy increase the risk for overfeeding and worsened nutritional and clinical outcomes. Hypocaloric, high-protein nutrition therapy provides critically ill obese patients the opportunity to achieve net protein anabolism with a reduced risk for overfeeding-related complications. The intent of this review is to discuss the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes, describe the consequences of obesity that increase complications associated with nutrition therapy, provide the framework to develop a hypocaloric, high-protein regimen, review the scientific evidence to support this mode of therapy, and discuss its limitations. Practical suggestions for patient monitoring are also provided.
Personal Goals and Personal Agency

Goal perspectives on personality emphasize the everydayness of human life: the daily “to do” lists that drive everyday behavior and experience (Pervin, 1989). In studies on personalized goals, individuals are asked to list the goals they are typically trying to accomplish in their everyday behaviors (e.g., Emmons, 1989). Daily goals can range in their significance from “to grow my nails” or “to eat less fat” at one end, to “to fight racism and misogyny wherever I see them” or “to bring God’s kingdom to Earth” at the other. Given the tendency of some of these goals to draw upon the most mundane aspects of life, we might well question the role of daily goals in the grander process of realizing one’s destiny. How can potentially “trivial pursuits” factor into our understanding of human agency? This chapter will address this issue in three ways. First, I will explore the ways research on daily goals can inform our understanding of the everyday self-as-agent by incorporating consideration of more distal life plans. The role of long-range life plans has been largely ignored, as research has focused instead on highly contextualized daily goals. In this chapter, I’ll highlight the ways that distal goals or life dreams can serve as a source of agency and meaning. In reviewing some recent research in this area, I will demonstrate the connections that exist between everyday goals and the enactment of a broader life plan. From this perspective, daily goals can be seen as the building blocks of destiny, the incremental steps toward fulfilling one’s life dreams.
Use of Twitter in communicating living solid organ donation information to the public: An exploratory study of living donors and transplant professionals.

Background As transplant centers start leveraging Twitter for information dissemination and public engagement, it is important to understand current living solid organ donation-related Twitter use. Methods We identified public Twitter profiles available in 01/2017 that referenced living organ donation and analyzed the use of donation-related Twitter handles, names, or profile information. Tweets were manually abstracted and qualitatively analyzed for common themes. Social media influence of those tweeting about living donation was evaluated using Klout score. Results We identified 93 donors, 61 professionals, 12 hospitals, and 19 organizations that met eligibility criteria. Social media influence was similar across these groups (P = 0.4). Donors (16%) and organizations (23%) were more likely than professionals (7%) or hospitals (0%) to include transplant-related educational information in their profiles (P = 0.007). Living donation-related tweets were most commonly donation stories (33%), news reports (20%), reports about new transplant research (15%), and sharing transplant candidates' searches for donors (14%). Conclusions This exploratory study of living donors and transplant professionals, hospitals, and organizations on Twitter provides insight into how the social media platform may be used to communicate about and disseminate information about living donation.
Meta-analysis of temozolomide treatment of pituitary carcinomas and aggressive adenomas

e13014 Background: Most pituitary tumors are benign and cured surgically. Pituitary carcinomas (PC) and aggressive pituitary adenomas (APA) are rare variants, but often recur and respond poorly to ...
Using Built-In Sensors to Predict and Utilize User Satisfaction for CPU Settings on Smartphones

Understanding user experience/satisfaction with mobile systems in order to manage computational resources has become a popular approach in recent years. One of the key issues in this area is to gauge user satisfaction. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a system to save energy by altering CPU core count and frequency while keeping users satisfied. Specifically, the system uses the sensor data collected from two popular personal devices: a smartphone and a smartwatch. In the proposed architecture, we first develop prediction models by collecting sensor data along with user performance satisfaction inputs. Then, our system predicts users' current satisfaction and sets CPU core/frequency based on these predictions in real-time. We observe that sensor data gathered from these two devices are highly correlated with users' instantaneous satisfaction of the phone. We evaluate the proposed system by developing and comparing two different models. First, we develop a user-independent (user-oblivious) model by using data gathered from 10 users. Second, we develop user-dependent (personal) models for 20 different users. We demonstrate that both models can predict satisfaction with over 97% accuracy on average when a binary satisfaction model is used (i.e., users indicating satisfied versus unsatisfied). The prediction accuracy is over 91% on average if a 3-level satisfaction model is used. Our results also show that when compared to default scheme, the user-independent and user-dependent models save 8.96% and 10.12% of the total system energy on average, respectively, without impacting user satisfaction.
Direct Visualization of DNA Replication at Telomeres Using DNA Fiber Combing Combined with Telomere FISH

The ability to analyze individual DNA fibers undergoing active DNA synthesis has emerged as a powerful technique in the field of DNA replication. Much of the initial analysis has focused on replication throughout the genome. However, more recent advancements in this technique have allowed for the visualization of replication patterns at distinct loci or regions within the genome. This type of locus-specific resolution will greatly enhance our understanding of the dynamics of DNA replication in regions that provide a challenge to the replication machinery. Here, we describe a protocol that will allow for the visualization of DNA replication through one of the most structurally complex regions in the human genome, the telomeric DNA.
Elegance, Relevance, and Provenance: Contextualizing and Analyzing AIS Educators' Choice of Systems Diagramming Techniques

This study reports survey results of what systems diagramming (SD) methods AIS educators are teaching and explores plausible reasons behind their decisions, including representational elegance, relevance to the accounting purposes being taught, and their provenance from either theory or practice. Results reveal that AIS educators surveyed are more likely to use techniques originating from practice; however, the widespread use of system flowcharts (SF) appears to drive that result. While AIS educators use theory-based methods for teaching system design, they rely on practice-based methods for teaching internal controls, business processes, and system evaluation. We observe that AIS educators, AIS textbooks, and professional accounting exams generally ignore newer SD techniques, even though they may better serve certain needs. Finally, contrary to expectations, we find no significant associations between SD adoption and measures of representational elegance. Future research may explore relationships between adoption in practice, inclusion in texts, and appearance on professional exams.
Rainfall Energy from Drop Size Data

The washoff of pollutants from urban surfaces by storm events depends on the kinetic energy of storms. In order to determine the erosive power of rainfall, data on raindrop size distributions were analyzed and the kinetic energy expressed as a function of rainfall intensity. Results indicate that the regression equation that is currently used to determine storm erosive power from rainfall intensity needs to be revised.