cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early arrest of mental and motor development associated with bilateral hippocampal anoxic damage.

l'hippocampe. Introduction: Il s'agit d'une observation clinique et anatomopathologique du cas d'une femme atteinte de deficience mentale depuis la naissance. Observation: Une femme âgee de 45 ans avait ete placee en institution a l'âge de deux ans et son etat n'avait pas change en 43 ans. Elle ne pouvait pas se tenir debout, marcher, parler, utiliser ses mains et n'avait aucune comprehension. Elle demeurait assise dans une chaise toute la journee. Elle n'avait pas de controle sur sa vessie et ses intestins. Elle n'avait aucune capacite mentale. Anatomopathologie: Son cerveau pesait 1250gm et presentait un developpement normal. Il existait deux regions presentant un dommage anoxique-ischemique. L'hippocampe presentait un dommage bilateral important et le cervelet un infarctus bilateral massif. Conclusion: Nous soupconnons qu'un episode anoxique-ischemique perinatal est responsable de ces lesions. La seule observation qui puisse expliquer l'absence de developpement mental et moteur est le dommage a l'hippocampe. Si cette hypothese est correcte, la fonction de l'hippocampe humain est plus vaste que ce qui est reconnu actuellement.
Dislocation Threading Through an Epitaxial Film: An Analysis Based on the Peierls-Nabarro Concept

The Peierls-Nabarro theory of crystal dislocations is applied to estimate the critical thickness of a strained layer bonded to a substrate for a given mismatch strain. Previous analyses were based on the continuum theory of elastic dislocations, and hence depended on the artificial core cutoff parameter r0. The Peierls-Nabarro theory makes use of an interplanar shear law, which leads to a more realistic description of the stresses and displacements in the vicinity of a dislocation core, thus eliminating the need for the core cutoff parameter. The dependence of the critical layer thickness on the mismatch strain in films with a diamond cubic lattice is found to be similar to that predicted by the continuum elastic dislocation theory, provided that a core cutoff radius equal to about one-tenth the Burgers displacement is used.
137 A NOVEL GAS EXCHANGE ASSIST DEVICE IN JUVENILE ACUTE LUNG INJURY.

Background Respiratory distress syndrome is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn infants. The lung assist device (LAD) is a novel gas exchange device that supplements mechanical ventilation. The LAD (MC3 Inc., Ann Arbor, MI) is a pumpless, low-pressure extracorporeal oxygenator. The LAD has reproducibly improved mortality in adult animals. In an earlier study, we demonstrated the feasibility of the LAD in improving gas exchange in juvenile piglets. Objective To test the effect of the LAD on pulmonary histopathology and mechanics in juvenile piglets with acute lung injury caused by saline lung lavage (SLL) followed by mechanical ventilation (IMV). Design/Methods Three- to 4-week-old acutely instrumented and intubated piglets were randomized (n = 4 each) to no further intervention (normal), SLL (30 cc/kg 3 4), SLL + IMV 3 6 hrs or SLL + IMV + LAD 3 6 hrs. The LAD was attached between the carotid artery and jugular vein. Flow through the device, gas exchange, pulmonary arterial pressure, hemodynamic variables, and cardiac output were measured with and without flow through the device. Mechanical ventilation was systemically weaned in both study groups to keep PaCO2 = 35-45 mm and PaO2 = 50-60 mm Hg. Lung histology was scored by an observer masked to treatment group following a standardized system for lung injury scoring. Data were compared by ANOVA to detect differences between the groups. Results There was no difference in hemodynamic variables between the study groups. Mechanical ventilation could be successfully weaned in the SLL + IMV + LAD group. Adequate flow (25-40% of cardiac output) could be achieved through the LAD. There was a significant increase in the total lung injury score in the SLL + IMV group (p = .03) but the SLL + IMV + LAD group was comparable to both control groups. Prolonged mechanical ventilation significantly increased inflammation (p = .02) and airway injury (p Conclusions These results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of a novel pumpless low-pressure gas exchange assist device to decrease ventilator-induced lung injury in a neonatal animal model.
Research on Judgement of Hidden Defects of GIS Based on Composition Analysis of SF_6 and Its Application

Hidden defects of gas insulated switchgear(GIS) after long operation may cause discharge and ultimately results in breakdown of insulation.In order to explore a effective method for determining GIS discharge based on composition analysis of SF6,a discharge test in 110 kV bus section is carried on.Change rules of volume fraction of decomposited gas in different discharge types are checked.The paper proposes to take CS2,SO2F2 and SO2 as characteristic gas of hidden defects of GIS and the growth rate can be criterion for insulation of GIS.On the basis of the above,the paper introduces procedures for judging hidden defects of GIS and the effectiveness is practically verified.
Standard Practice for Cell Sorting in a BSL-3 Facility

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid growth in the number of BSL-3 and BSL-4 laboratories in the USA and an increase in demand for infectious cell sorting in BSL-3 laboratories. In 2007, the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) Biosafety Committee published standards for the sorting of unfixed cells and is an important resource for biosafety procedures when performing infectious cell sorting. Following a careful risk assessment, if it is determined that a cell sorter must be located within a BSL-3 laboratory, there are a variety of factors to be considered prior to the establishment of the laboratory. This chapter outlines procedures for infectious cell sorting in a BSL-3 environment to facilitate the establishment and safe operation of a BSL-3 cell sorting laboratory. Subjects covered include containment verification, remote operation, disinfection, personal protective equipment (PPE), and instrument-specific modifications for enhanced aerosol evacuation.
Cannabis and alcohol use, affect and impulsivity in psychiatric out-patients' daily lives.

Background and Aims Cannabis and alcohol are the most commonly used (il)licit drugs world-wide. We compared the effects of cannabis and alcohol use on within-person changes in impulsivity, hostility and positive affect at the momentary and daily levels, as they occurred in daily life. Design Observational study involving ecological momentary assessments collected via electronic diaries six random times a day for 28 consecutive days. Setting Out-patients' everyday life contexts in Columbia, MO, USA. Participants Ninety-three adult psychiatric out-patients (85% female; mean = 30.9 years old) with borderline personality or depressive disorders, who reported using only cannabis (n = 3), only alcohol (n = 58) or both (n = 32) at least once during the study period. Measurements Real-time, standard self-report measures of impulsivity, hostility and positive affect, as impacted by momentary reports of cannabis and alcohol use. Findings Cannabis use was associated with elevated feelings of impulsivity at the day level [b = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.17–1.49] and increased hostility at the momentary (b = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.12) and person (b = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.15–1.47) level. Alcohol use was associated with elevated feelings of impulsivity at the momentary (b = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.13–0.71) and day levels (b = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.22–1.41) and increased positive affect at the momentary (b = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.06–0.18) and day (b = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16–0.49) levels. Conclusions Cannabis and alcohol use are associated with increases in impulsivity (both), hostility (cannabis) and positive affect (alcohol) in daily life, and these effects are part of separate processes that operate on different time-scales (i.e. momentary versus daily).
Abstract W MP76: Diagnostic Accuracy and Characteristics of Missed Ischemic Strokes in the Emergency Department

Objectives: The failure to recognize an acute stroke in the ED represents a missed opportunity for potential thrombolytic therapy and for prompt treatment for secondary prevention. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of acute ischemic strokes at a large academic center and to identify common characteristics of these missed strokes. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on a random sample of patients >18 years old with a discharge diagnosis of ischemic stroke in 2013. All acute strokes were confirmed on CT or MRI. A stroke was “missed” if practitioners in the ED did not initially consider stroke in the differential, or the diagnosis was delayed causing the patient to miss the therapeutic window for thrombolytic therapy. Results: Two hundred ischemic stroke patients were included in the study. The mean patient age was 72 years, and the mean initial NIHSS was 7. There were 36 “missed” strokes (18%) in this population. Of the strokes that were initially misdiagnosed, 20 of 36 (56%) presented in the time window for thrombolytic therapy and potentially could have received intervention. Posterior circulation strokes were more likely to be missed overall (20/58 posterior, 34%, vs 16/142 anterior, 11%, p < 0.001). Seventy-six percent of patients with posterior stroke had stroke in the original differential compared with 96% in those with anterior circulation stroke (p < 0.001). Symptoms independently associated with posterior circulation strokes included nausea/vomiting (OR=6.9, 95% CI: 2.0-23), headache (OR=6.4, 95% CI: 1.5-27) and difficulty walking (OR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.3-9.5). Anterior circulation patients more commonly presented with focal weakness (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.05-0.25) and aphasia (OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.45). Conclusions: Despite having a certified stroke program in a large academic medical center, 18% of acute ischemic strokes were missed in the ED. Posterior circulation strokes were 3 times more likely than anterior strokes to be missed. Posterior stroke patients were more likely to present with nausea/vomiting, headache and difficulty walking, and these symptoms should serve as triggers to consider ischemic stroke in the ED.
Effect of particle size and viscosity on thermal conductivity enhancement of graphene oxide nanofluid

Abstract In this study, first, graphene oxide nanosheets were synthesized based on the modified Hummers methods. The physicochemical properties of fabricated graphene oxide were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Second, graphene oxide nanofluids were prepared at different concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 wt.%) in water (base fluid). Particle-size distribution and stability of the colloidal solution of the graphene oxide nanofluids were investigated using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential techniques. Also, rheological behavior of graphene oxide nanofluids was studied at different temperatures (25 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C) and different shear rates (10–100 1/s). Results show that both particle size and viscosity of graphene oxide nanofluids increased linearly by increasing the graphene oxide concentration from 0.01 to 0.1 wt.%, but there was a very sharp increment on average particle size and viscosity by increasing the concentration to 0.5 wt.%. The thermal conductivity of graphene oxide nanofluids was measured at different temperatures. Thermal conductivity of graphene oxide nanofluids depends on both particle-size distribution of graphene oxide and viscosity of graphene oxide nanofluids. All graphene oxide nanofluids showed enhanced thermal conductivity compared to the base fluid, water. Increasing the graphene oxide concentration from 0.01 wt.% to 0.1 wt.% resulted in 8.7% and 18.9% thermal conductivity enhancement at 25 °C, respectively. However, further concentration increment to 0.5 wt.% increased thermal conductivity to 19.9%. This behavior shows that there is an optimal concentration of graphene oxide at which particle size and viscosity of graphene oxide nanofluids exhibit significant thermal conductivity enhancement, and further concentration increments have no significant effect on thermal conductivity enhancement.
Our Sea, 2000

Kazakhstan does not abut Iran and Azerbaijan. Turkmenistan does not abut Russia and Azerbaijan. Iran and Russia do not abut each other on the Caspian, either. If the surface of the Caspian were to be divided into sovereign national sectors, then all shipping between Iran and Russia would be subject to the consent of Azerbaijan or Turkmenistan, through whose waters the ships must pass before attaining the other side. The Caspian is the only highway that physically connects all five countries. The principles of freedom of navigation and overflight are therefore essential to the preservation of this basin’s historical trade, naval, and transportation links. That is the reason why the Iranian, Russian, and Kazakh positions have insisted on freedom of navigation. Azerbaijan, on the other hand, had sought to define its sector in the Caspian in such a manner so as to close its waters to navigation by others.
A pressure ulcer and fall rate quality composite index for acute care units: A measure development study.

Abstract Background Composite indices are single measures that combine the strengths of two or more individual measures and provide broader, easy-to-use measures for evaluation of provider performance and comparisons across units and hospitals to support quality improvement. Objective The study objective was to develop a unit-level inpatient composite nursing care quality performance index—the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index. Design Two-phase measure development study. Settings 5144 patient care units in 857 United States hospitals participating in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indictors ® during the year 2013. Methods The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index was developed in two phases. In Phase 1 the formula was generated using a utility function and generalized penalty analysis. Experts with experience in healthcare quality measurement provided the point of indicator equivalence. In Phase 2 initial validity evidence was gathered based on hypothesized relationships between the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index and other variables using two-level (unit, hospital) hierarchical linear mixed modeling. Results The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index = 100 − PUR − FR , where PUR is pressure ulcer rate and FR is total fall rate. Higher scores indicate better quality. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated agreement between pairs of experts and provided evidence for inter-rater reliability of the formula. The validation process demonstrated that higher registered nurse skill mix, higher percent of registered nurses with a baccalaureate in nursing or higher degree, higher percent of registered nurses with national specialty certification, and lower percent of hours supplied by agency staff were significantly associated with higher Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index scores. Higher percentages of unit patients at risk for a hospital-acquired pressure ulcer and higher unit rates of physical restraint use were not associated with higher Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index scores. Conclusions The Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index is a step toward providing a more holistic perspective of unit level nursing quality than individual measures and may help nurses nursing administrators obtain a broader view of which patient care units are the higher and lower performers. Further study is needed to examine the usability of the Pressure Ulcer and Fall Rate Quality Composite Index.
Copper(II) Activation of Nitrite: Nitrosation of Nucleophiles and Generation of NO by Thiols.

Nitrite (NO2–) and nitroso compounds (E-NO, E = RS, RO, and R2N) in mammalian plasma and cells serve important roles in nitric oxide (NO) dependent as well as NO independent signaling. Employing an electron deficient β-diketiminato copper(II) nitrito complex [Cl2NNF6]Cu(κ2-O2N)·THF, thiols mediate reduction of nitrite to NO. In contrast to NO generation upon reaction of thiols at iron nitrite species, at copper this conversion proceeds through nucleophilic attack of thiol RSH on the bound nitrite in [CuII](κ2-O2N) that leads to S-nitrosation to give the S-nitrosothiol RSNO and copper(II) hydroxide [CuII]-OH. This nitrosation pathway is general and results in the nitrosation of the amine Ph2NH and alcohol tBuOH to give Ph2NNO and tBuONO, respectively. NO formation from thiols occurs from the reaction of RSNO and a copper(II) thiolate [CuII]-SR intermediate formed upon reaction of an additional equiv thiol with [CuII]-OH.
CFAR Detection in Clutter With a Kronecker Covariance Structure

In this paper, an approach for the design and analysis of coherent constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors in clutter and interference with a Kronecker covariance structure is described. In a two-dimensional example considered, the interference-plus-noise matrix ${\mathbf X} \in {\mathbb{C}}^{N \times L}$ is modeled by a doubly correlated, zero-mean multivariate complex Gaussian distribution described by two covariance matrices ${\mathbf C}$ and ${\mathbf R}$ that are unknown to the receiver. The concatenated columns of ${\mathbf X}$ has a structured covariance matrix $\mathbf \Sigma$ given by ${\mathbf \Sigma } = {\mathbf R}^{*} \otimes {\mathbf C}$ . In the approach described, an estimate of ${\mathbf R}$ is used to “prewhiten” and match filter all the rows of both the training data matrices and the test data matrix. The processing enables one to reduce the detection problem to a one-dimensional case that can be handled by any one of the several adaptive detection algorithms. The proposed algorithm for the doubly correlated clutter is analyzed to show that the detection performance is determined by two statistically independent signal-to-interference-plus-noise loss factors both of which have complex beta distributions. Sample results show that the proposed approach requires training samples that is a multiple of $N+L$ , while an adaptive detection algorithm that do not explicitly use the Kronecker constraint on the covariance structure requires training samples that is a multiple of $N \times L$ for comparable detection performance.
Review: Long-term dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after PCI is no better than short-term DAPT, even with diabetes

Source Citation Gargiulo G, Windecker S, da Costa BR, et al. Short term versus long term dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug eluting stent in patients with or without diabetes: sys...
A Guard-Band Strategy for Managing False-Accept Risk

When performing a calibration, the risk of incorrectly declaring a device as in-tolerance (false-accept risk) is dependent upon several factors. Those factors include the specified tolerance limit,...
Run-length limited codes for backscatter communication

In backscatter communications, ultra-low power devices signal by modulating the reflection of radio frequency signals emitted from an external source. Unlike conventional one-way communication, the backscatter channel experiences unique self-interference and spread Doppler clutter. Run-length limited (RLL) codes provide a method for spectrum shaping that requires no hardware changes to the communicating devices. The proposed coding framework is suitable for any arbitrarily-shaped pulse train or continuous wave reader waveform. It exploits the unique channel Doppler spread statistics to offer a trade-off between interference rejection and data rate. Analysis shows that code rates of 1 and 4/5 are achievable when dealing with low spread Doppler channels, which is an improvement over the current rate 1/2 with current mainstream backscatter communication techniques. Simulation results with realistic channel assumptions are analyzed and discussed to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Living ROMP of exo-Norbornene Esters Possessing PdII SCS Pincer Complexes or Diaminopyridines

Isomerically pure exo-norbornene esters containing either a PdII SCS pincer complex or a diaminopyridine unit were synthesized, polymerized, and copolymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization using a ruthenium initiator. All polymerizations are living under mild reaction conditions. A comparison between the pure exo monomers and the commonly employed 80:20 endo/exo mixtures was carried out. The exo-norbornene isomers exhibit significantly higher rates of propagation under milder conditions when compared to the endo/exo mixtures. Kinetic studies have shown that the kp values are highly dependent upon the isomeric purity but completely independent of the terminal diaminopyridine or PdII SCS Pincer functional groups. The living character of the polymerization has allowed for the first block copolymerization of norbornene metal-containing pincer complexes and diaminopyridine-based hydrogen-bonding receptors.
Redefining Camp Ministry as Experiential Laboratory for Spiritual Formation and Leadership Development

This paper critiques contemporary Christian camp ministry, outlining its strengths and weaknesses, and suggests a paradigm to address the needs of individuals and churches in our rapidly changing c...
Target Motion Estimation Ambiguities for Monostatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

A recent analysis demonstrates that ambiguities exist in attempting to estimate target motion for general bistatic synthetic aperture radar collections. However, monostatic geometries appear to be problematic, since two coordinate angles become indeterminate. The current investigation resolves these issues and provides new insights into the nature of these ambiguities.
Anti-CTLA-4 therapy requires an Fc domain for efficacy.

Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4, was the first approved “checkpoint”-blocking anticancer therapy. In mouse tumor models, the response to antibodies against CTLA-4 depends entirely on expression of the Fcγ receptor (FcγR), which may facilitate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, but the contribution of simple CTLA-4 blockade remains unknown. To understand the role of CTLA-4 blockade in the complete absence of Fc-dependent functions, we developed H11, a high-affinity alpaca heavy chain-only antibody fragment (VHH) against CTLA-4. The VHH H11 lacks an Fc portion, binds monovalently to CTLA-4, and inhibits interactions between CTLA-4 and its ligand by occluding the ligand-binding motif on CTLA-4 as shown crystallographically. We used H11 to visualize CTLA-4 expression in vivo using whole-animal immuno-PET, finding that surface-accessible CTLA-4 is largely confined to the tumor microenvironment. Despite this, H11-mediated CTLA-4 blockade has minimal effects on antitumor responses. Installation of the murine IgG2a constant region on H11 dramatically enhances its antitumor response. Coadministration of the monovalent H11 VHH blocks the efficacy of a full-sized therapeutic antibody. We were thus able to demonstrate that CTLA-4–binding antibodies require an Fc domain for antitumor effect.
Resistance Switching and Memristive Hysteresis in Visible-Light-Activated Adsorbed ZnO Thin Films

The discovery of resistance switching memristors marks a paradigm shift in the search for alternative non-volatile memory components in the semiconductor industry. Normally a dielectric in these bistable memory cells changes its resistance with an applied electric field or current, albeit retaining the resistive state based on the history of the applied field. Despite showing immense potential, sustainable growth of this new memory technology is bogged down by several factors including cost, intricacies of design, lack of efficient tunability, and issues with scalability and eco-friendliness. Here, we demonstrate a simple arrangement wherein an ethanol-adsorbed ZnO thin film exhibits orders of magnitude change in resistance when activated by visible light. We show that there exists two stable ohmic states, one in the dark and the other in the illuminated regime, as well as a significant delay in the transition between these saturated states. We also demonstrate that visible light acts as a non-invasive tuning parameter for the bistable resistive states. Furthermore, a pinched hysteresis I-V response observed in these devices indicate what seems to be a new type of memristive behaviour.
Supporting and Mentoring New Social Work Instructors: A Formative Evaluation of the TEAM Program

Abstract This study provides qualitative results from a unique mentorship and teaching support program designed, implemented, and evaluated in a school of social work at a major Midwestern research I university over a three year span. Primary qualitative data was collected through regular check-in meetings and end of the semester focus groups. Additional data was collected through orientation notes and detailed process notes from individual communications and consults with new instructors. Lessons learned point to both the importance of providing support and mentorship to new instructors as well as challenges in building and sustaining a positive culture for teaching and mentorship at a research I institution.
Breeding Barley and Oats

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest of the cultivated cereals and is widely grown in many climates of the world. Barley ranks fourth among the cereals worldwide in the production of grain, after wheat, corn, and rice. The major production areas are northern and western Europe and the USSR, where seasons are too short or too dry to grow feed grains such as corn or sorghum. In the United States and Canada, barley production is concentrated in the Northern Great Plains and in California. Barley is tolerant of alkali, drought, or frost. Early-spring types grow within the Artic Circle, farther north than any other cereal. Barley grows in the arid climates of the Sahara, the high plateaus of Tibet, and the tropical plains of India, but it produces best where fertility is favorable and the spring seasons are long and cool. It does not mature well in hot humid weather. Barley has developed a diversity of head and seed types, disease resistance, and quality characteristics. Many improvements have been made in the cultivated varieties of barley by breeding. These and the possibilities of further improvement are discussed in this chapter.
Utilization of Operating Experience to Prevent Piping Failures at Steam Plants

The key to preventing flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) induced piping failures in steam plants is the development and implementation of a methodical program for assessing plant susceptibility to FAC and managing the effects of FAC. One of the key elements of an effective FAC program is the accurate and comprehensive utilization of plant-specific and industry-wide operating experience. Operating experience should be used to develop the program to identify specific areas for inspection or replacement, and to maintain an effective program. This paper discusses the utilization of operating experience in FAC programs at nuclear power plants, fossil plants and other steam plants.
Whale Heads, Magnetic Resonance Images, Ray Diagrams and Tiny Bubbles

It has become common to make diagrams of the heads of toothed whales showing the paths of sound waves; this is more suitable in some cases than others. We will mention some limitations, give some observations made since the last of these meetings, and conclude with methods for further study.
DNA damage as an indicator of chronic stress: Correlations with corticosterone and uric acid.

Abstract Corticosterone does not change in consistent ways across species and contexts, making it challenging to use as an indicator of chronic stress. We assessed DNA damage as a potential metric that could be a more integrative stress measurement with direct links to health. We captured free-living house sparrows, took an immediate blood sample, and transferred them to the laboratory, exposing them to the chronic stress of captivity. Biweekly blood and weight samples were then taken for 4 weeks. We immediately assessed DNA damage in red blood cells using the comet assay and later quantified corticosterone. Uric acid was analyzed in a separate group of birds. We found that birds initially lost, but began to regain weight over the course of captivity. DNA damage peaked within the first 10 days of captivity, and mostly remained elevated. However, the cellular distribution of damage changed considerably over time; most cells showed low levels of damage early, a bimodal distribution of high and low DNA damage during the peak of damage, and a wide unimodal distribution of damage at the end of the 4 weeks. Furthermore, corticosterone increased and remained elevated and uric acid decreased and remained depleted over the same period. Although both a molecular (DNA damage) and an endocrine (corticosterone) marker showed similar response profiles over the 4 weeks, they were not correlated, suggesting they reflect different aspects of the underlying physiology. These data provide convincing preliminary evidence that DNA damage has potential to be an additional indicator of chronic stress.
Empirical systemic anticoagulation is associated with decreased venous thromboembolism in critically ill influenza A H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients

Abstract Background An association between increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) events and influenza A H1N1 (H1N1) was noted in the first 10 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An empirical systemic anticoagulation protocol (heparin intravenous infusion) was initiated when autopsy of patients with severe hypoxemia confirmed multiple primary pulmonary thrombi and emboli. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between H1N1 and VTE events and to assess the efficacy of empirical systemic heparin anticoagulation in preventing VTE and death in H1N1 severe ARDS patients. Methods An observational cohort study of critically ill severe ARDS patients with possible H1N1 viral pneumonia was performed in a surgical intensive care unit in a single 990-bed academic tertiary care center. Early empirical systemic heparin anticoagulation for all severe ARDS patients with possible H1N1 viral pneumonia was initiated as a VTE preventive strategy. Results Univariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for VTE. Independent risk factors for VTE included H1N1, culture-positive bacterial pneumonia, and vasopressor requirement. Independent risk factors for pulmonary embolism included H1N1, culture-positive bacterial pneumonia, and male sex. H1N1 ARDS patients had 23.3-fold higher risk for pulmonary embolism and 17.9-fold increased risk for VTE. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test confirmed that empirical systemic heparin anticoagulation provided significant protection from thrombotic events in the H1N1-positive but not in the H1N1-negative critically ill ARDs patients. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for H1N1 status, patients without empirical systemic anticoagulation were 33 times more likely to have any VTE compared with those treated with empirical systemic heparin anticoagulation (P = .01). Conclusions Critically ill patients with H1N1 ARDS have increased risk of venous thrombotic complications, particularly pulmonary thromboembolism. Empirical systemic heparin anticoagulation in this cohort of patients significantly reduced VTE incidence without increased hemorrhagic complications.
A 3D Computational Head Model Under Dynamic Head Rotation and Head Extension Validated Using Live Human Brain Data, Including the Falx and the Tentorium

We employ an advanced 3D computational model of the head with high anatomical fidelity, together with measured tissue properties, to assess the consequences of dynamic loading to the head in two distinct modes: head rotation and head extension. We use a subject-specific computational head model, using the material point method, built from T1 magnetic resonance images, and considering the anisotropic properties of the white matter which can predict strains in the brain under large rotational accelerations. The material model now includes the shear anisotropy of the white matter. We validate the model under head rotation and head extension motions using live human data, and advance a prior version of the model to include biofidelic falx and tentorium. We then examine the consequences of incorporating the falx and tentorium in terms of the predictions from the computational head model.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Home-Based Lifestyle Therapy on Postpartum Weight in Underserved Women with Overweight or Obesity

Objective This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a home-based lifestyle intervention delivered through Parents as Teachers (PAT), a national home-visiting organization, designed to minimize excessive weight gain through 12 months post partum in socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) African American women with overweight or obesity. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a single center as part of the Lifestyle Interventions for Expectant Moms (LIFE-Moms) consortium. Analysis was conducted with 185 SED African American women (BMI 25.0-45.0 kg/m2 at pregnancy onset) retained from an original sample of 267 randomized to standard PAT or PAT+Lifestyle, which embedded lifestyle therapy within standard PAT delivered prenatally and for 12 months post partum. Results Compared with standard PAT, the PAT+Lifestyle group gained less weight (2.5 kg vs. 5.7 kg; P = 0.01) and were more likely to return to their baseline weight (38.0% vs. 21.5%; P = 0.01) from baseline to 12 months post partum. There were no differences between groups in cardiometabolic outcomes, indices of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipid profile. The estimated cost of PAT+Lifestyle was $81 more to deliver per family than standard PAT. Conclusions PAT+Lifestyle decreases weight gain during pregnancy through 12 months post partum in SED African American women with overweight or obesity at the start of pregnancy with minimal additional cost.
Feelings of parental caring predict health status in midlife: A 35-year follow-up of the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study.

In the early 1950s, multiple-choice scores reflecting feelings of warmth and closeness with parents were obtained from a sample of healthy, undergraduate Harvard men who participated in the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study. Thirty-five years later, detailed medical and psychological histories and medical records were obtained. Ninety-one percent of participants who did not perceive themselves to have had a warm relationship with their mothers (assessed during college) had diagnosed diseases in midlife (including coronary artery disease, hypertension, duodenal ulcer, and alcoholism), as compared to 45% of participants who perceived themselves to have had a warm relationship with their mothers. A similar association between perceived warmth and closeness and future illness was obtained for fathers. Since parents are usually the most meaningful source of social support in early life, the perception of parental love and caring may have important effects on biological and psychological health and illness throughout life.
Neuro-Inspired Computing: From Resistive Memory to Optics

Recent years have seen marked developments in deep neural networks (DNNs) stemming from advances in hardware and increasingly large datasets. DNNs are now routinely used in domains including computer vision and language processing. At their core, DNNs rely heavily on multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations making them well-suited for the highly parallel computational abilities of GPUs. GPUs, however, are von Neumann in architecture and physically separate memory blocks from computational blocks. This exacts an unavoidable time and energy cost associated with data transport known as the von-Neumann bottleneck. While incremental advances in digital hardware accelerators mitigating the von Neumann bottleneck will continue, we explore the potentially game-changing advantages of non-von Neumann architectures that perform MAC operations within the memory. This is achieved using a crossbar array of analog memory as shown in Fig. 1, which serves as the basis of our analog DNN hardware accelerators, and is amenable to both DNN training and forward inference [1], [2]. Recent work from our group has shown analog DNN hardware accelerators capable of 280× speedup in per area throughput while also providing 100× increase in energy efficiency over state-of-the-art GPUs [3].
CyberStacks(sm:A 'Library-Organized' Virtual Science and Technology Reference Collection

A common critique of the World Wide Web(WWW), and the Internet in general, is that while there are numerable and usefulness information sources that are accessible, identification of significant resources is not as efficient and effective as many desire. To facilitate access to selected WWW and other Internet resources, a prototype demonstration service called CyberStacks(sm) (http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/) has been created that has adapted the classification scheme used by the Library of Congress and other major research libraries to identify and organize significant reference resources in a variety of scientific and technological disciplines.
Chapter 209 – Population Ecology

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the population ecology of insects. Population ecology deals with questions related to the density or number of individuals of a species in a habitat or location. Much has been learned from the development of mathematical models of population systems, studies of laboratory populations, analyses of data from natural populations, and experimental manipulation of populations in the field. The objective of ecological studies is to know why some species are rare, whereas others are common. Applied population ecologists try to understand the conditions that allow densities of pest insects to reach damaging levels, and they seek to modify those conditions to keep the densities below those levels. To isolate the effects of particular variables from the multitude of factors influencing population growth and survival, population ecologists apply a range of tools to understand population systems, including gathering data on density, fecundity, and mortality from natural populations, construction of mathematical models of population interactions, and experimental manipulation of populations in the field. Population ecologists typically summarize their collected mortality data in life tables, which express the proportion of the insects that survive to successive instars or life stages. The proportion dying in each instar or life stage can be partitioned into components caused by different agents of mortality. Techniques for quantifying mortality in this way were pioneered in the 1960s by R. F. Morris, who worked on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, in Canada.
The Over-criminalization and Inequitable Policing and Sentencing of Latin@s within the Judicial System of the United States: The Latin@ Addition to the School-to-Prison Pipeline

This theoretical paper focuses on the creation of the overly criminalistic Latin@ stereotype in the United States as a response to growing numbers of immigrants threatening white hegemony. As a mec...
Online teaching: challenge or opportunity for communication education scholars?

Online education is a pedagogical innovation that often represents a significant challenge for faculty in most, if not all, disciplines in higher education (Mansbach & Austin, 2018). Over time, sev...
Is the Quantum State Real in the Hilbert Space Formulation

The persistent debate about the reality of a quantum state has recently come under limelight because of its importance to quantum information and the quantum computing community. Almost all of the deliberations are taking place using the elegant and powerful but abstract Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics developed with seminal contributions from John von Neumann. Since it is rather difficult to get a direct perception of the events in an abstract vector space, it is hard to trace the progress of a phenomenon. Among the multitude of recent attempts to show the reality of the quantum state in Hilbert space, the Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theory gets most recognition for their proof. But some of its assumptions have been criticized, which are still not considered to be entirely loophole free. A straightforward proof of the reality of the wave packet function of a single particle has been presented earlier based on the currently recognized fundamental reality of the universal quantum fields. Quantum states like the atomic energy levels comprising the wave packets have been shown to be just as real. Here we show that an unambiguous proof of reality of the quantum states gleaned from the reality of quantum fields can also provide an explicit substantiation of the reality of quantum states in Hilbert space. Quanta 2020; 9: 37–46.
Gaussian Process State-Space Models with Time-Varying Parameters and Inducing Points

We propose time-varying Gaussian process state- space models (TVGPSSM) whose hyper-parameters vary with time. The models have the ability to estimate time-varying functions and thereby increase flexibility to extract information from observed data. The proposed inference approach makes use of time-varying inducing points to adapt to changes of the function, and it exploits hierarchical importance sampling. The experimental results show that the approach has better performance than that of the standard Gaussian process.
New Developments in Septic Tank Systems

Recent changes in design criteria for septic tanks and subsurface sewage disposal systems; septic tank capacity; compartmentation; tank proportions; percolation tests; leaching system design.
A mixed methods study to evaluate the impact of a student-run clinic on undergraduate medical education

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which a longitudinal student-run clinic (SRC) is meeting its stated learning objectives, including providing critical community services and developing physicians who more fully appreciate the social factors affecting their patients’ health. This was a mixed methods program evaluation of an SRC at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (MCASOM). A survey was conducted of medical students who had participated in the clinic and seven interviews and three focus groups were conducted with SRC patients, students, faculty, staff, and board members. Transcripts were coded for systematic themes and sub-themes. Major themes were reported. Survey and interview data were integrated by comparing findings and discussing areas of convergence or divergence in order to more fully understand program success and potential areas for improvement. Greater than 85% of student survey respondents (N = 90) agreed or strongly agreed that the SRC met each of its objectives: to provide a vital community service, to explore social determinants of health (SDH), to understand barriers to healthcare access and to practice patience-centered examination. Qualitative data revealed that the SRC contextualized authentic patient care experiences early in students’ medical school careers, but the depth of learning was variable between students. Furthermore, exposure to SDH through the program did not necessarily translate to student understanding of the impact of these social factors on patient’s health nor did it clearly influence students’ future practice goals. The MCASOM SRC experience met core learning objectives, but opportunities to improve long-term impact on students were identified. Participation in the SRC enabled students to engage in patient care early in training that is representative of future practices. SRCs are an avenue by which students can gain exposure to real-world applications of SDH and barriers to healthcare access, but additional focus on faculty development and intentional reflection may be needed to translate this exposure to actionable student understanding of social factors that impact patient care.
Migratory state and patterns of steroid hormone regulation in the pectoralis muscle of a nomadic migrant, the pine siskin (Spinus pinus).

Abstract The endocrine system is known to mediate responses to environmental change and transitions between different life stages (e.g., a non-breeding to a breeding life stage). Previous works from the field of environmental endocrinology have primarily focused on changes in circulating hormones, but a comprehensive understanding of endocrine signaling pathways requires studying changes in additional endocrine components (e.g., receptor densities) in a diversity of contexts and life stages. Migratory birds, for instance, can exhibit dramatic changes in their physiology and behavior, and both sex steroids as well as glucocorticoids are proposed mediators of the transition into a migratory state. However, the role of changes in endocrine signaling components within integral target tissues, such as flight muscles, in modulating the transition into a migratory state remains poorly understood. Here, we examined changes in gene expression levels of and correlational patterns (i.e., integration) between 8 endocrine signaling components associated with either glucocorticoids or sex steroid signaling in the pectoralis muscles of a nomadic migratory bird, the pine siskin (Spinus pinus). The pectoralis muscle is essential to migratory flight and undergoes conspicuous changes in preparation for migration, including hypertrophy. We focus on endocrine receptors and enzymes (e.g., 5α-reductase) that modulate the signaling capacity of circulating hormones within target tissues and may influence either catabolic or anabolic functioning within the pectoralis. Endocrine signaling components were compared between captive birds sampled prior to the expression of vernal migratory preparation and during the expression of a vernal migratory state. While birds exhibited differences in the size and color of the flight muscle and behavioral shifts indicative of a migratory state (i.e., zugunruhe), none of the measured endocrine components differed before and after the transition into the migratory state. Patterns of integration amongst all genes did, however, differ between the two life stages, suggesting the contrasting demands of different life stages may shape entire endocrine signaling networks within target tissues rather than individual components. Our work aligns with previous endocrine studies on pine siskins and, viewed together, suggest additional studies are needed to understand the endocrine system’s role in mediating the development and progression of the vernal migratory state in this species. Further, the patterns observed in pine siskins, a nomadic migrant, differ from previous studies on obligate migrants and suggest that different mechanisms or interactions between endocrine signaling components may mediate the migratory transition in nomadic migrants.
Companionship: The Capacity for Companionship and Friendship

Though the need for companionship is innate, the capacity for companionship and, later, friendship requires nurturance and cultivation, beginning with our early caregivers who serve as our original and primary companions. A friend is someone whose companionship we cherish and in whose presence we can engage in free associative discourse while trustingly expecting an evenly caring attention. Yet, there will always be a dialectical tension between revealing and concealing ourselves even to our best friend. Discernment in self-disclosure is necessary while remaining attuned to the sensitivities of our best friend.
International Center for Conflict Resolution (IC4CR) Wins Award from the National Collaborative on Gun Violence Research

The International Center for Conflict Resolution (IC4CR) won a $30,000 grant award, given by the National Collaborative on Gun Violence Research (NCGVR), to develop a method to estimate the harms and benefits that gun policy and violence prevention interventions have on legal users of firearms.