cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distinctive flow histogram pattern in molar pregnancies with elevated maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels

Background. Flow cytometric analysis of trophoblastic tissue has shown that most partial hydatidiform moles (PMs) are triploid, whereas most complete moles (CMs) are diploid or tetraploid. Ploidy analysis can support a diagnosis of CM or PM. However, in some cases, a precise diagnosis cannot be rendered. Methods. This study examined DNA flow histograms in 86 cases of histologically diagnosed moles and nonmoles to identify patterns specific to moles to eliminate indeterminate diagnoses. Forty hydropic abortions, 17 CMs, and 29 PMs were analyzed, and results were correlated with microscopic appearance and maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels. Results. Analysis of nondiploid histologic moles in which the initial maternal serum HCG level was greater than 150,000 mIU/ml showed similar histograms in 12 of 14 cases. In these 12 specimens, a distinct aneuploid peak could not be delineated from multiple cell populations between the G0/G1 and G2/M or G0/G1diploid and G0/G1aneuploid peaks. This commonly appeared as a slope rising toward the tetraploid region. S-phase fraction values showed a trend toward higher values in the moles versus nonmoles, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions. This sloping histogram pattern may reflect progression from a single aneuploid to multiple aneuploid populations. Its statistically significant correlation (P > 0.001) with high maternal serum HCG values suggests the presence of a highly metabolically active population of aneuploid trophoblast. Because it appears specific to nondiploid moles, recognition of the pattern will aid in the distinction of mole from hydropic spontaneous abortion. Cancer 1994; 73:2782–90.
Rapid SFLS Synthesis of Si Nanowires Using Trisilane with In situ Alkyl-Amine Passivation

A high-throughput synthesis of crystalline silicon nanowires is reported using trisilane as a reactant with colloidal gold nanocrystals in a hot organic solvent. Nearly 80 mg of nanowire product is obtained in a 1 min reaction from a 10 mL reactor volume. Dodecylamine surface passivation is also demonstrated.
Pituitary Apoplexy: A Complication of Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Pituitary apoplexy occurred in 3 patients in the immediate postoperative period following cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass. In this setting, this complication is extremely rare and not widely recognized. Precipitating factors may be related to the extracorporeal bypass apparatus, anticoagulation, low cerebral blood flow, and even anesthetic agents. Neurosurgical decompression can be safely performed in the early postoperative period following open-heart operations.
Intravenous Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia With Very High Dose Gammaglobulin

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has been considered to be unresponsive to intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) at the doses that are effective in immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune neutropenia (usually 2 g/kg total dose). This study reports the use of a higher dose (5 g/kg total dose over 5 days) in four severe cases of AIHA which resulted in a sustained remission in two patients, a transient response in the third, and a failure in the forth patient. These data suggest that larger quantities of IVGG may be needed in this disease, possibly because the reticuloendothelial system appears to be enlarged in AIHA patients.
Equity Perception in Multiple Comparisons: A Field Study

Data from a survey of all 721 employees in a light manufacturing firm (553 workers and 168 managers) were used to investigate the role of reference groups inside and outside the organization within the framework of equity theory. Attitude toward pay was used as the basis for comparison. The results indicated that the outside reference group is more important than the inside reference group in explaining job attitudes and behavioral propensities. The results also indicated that the contributions of outside and inside pay components are similar for both managers and workers in evaluating pay satisfaction. The relationship between pay components was different for the two groups on overall job satisfaction, however, and may, in fact, be nonlinear for managers.
Negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase based on hematoxylin autoxidation

Hematoxylin, a natural dye commonly used as a histological stain, generates superoxide upon oxidation to its quinonoid product, hematein. The parameters affecting this reaction were assessed in developing a new and versatile assay for superoxide dismutase. The autoxidation of hematoxylin to hematein was accompanied by an increase in absorbance between 400 and 670 nm. The autoxidation rate was proportional to hematoxylin concentration and increased with pH above 6.55. Trace metals accelerated the autoxidation and this effect was eliminated by EDTA. Superoxide dismutase inhibited the autoxidation 90-95% below pH 7.8, but above pH 8.1 the rate was augmented by superoxide dismutase. The rate inhibition at low pH was proportional to the superoxide dismutase concentration up to 70% inhibition. The rate acceleration at high pH was proportional to superoxide dismutase concentration up to approximately 200% acceleration. The autoxidation rate was not significantly affected by ethanol, cyanide, azide, hydrogen peroxide, or catalase. However, the reaction was inhibited by the reducing agents NADH, reduced glutathione, ascorbate, and dithiothreitol, and by undialyzed extracts of Escherichia coli B. When cell extracts were dialyzed prior to assay, the degree of inhibition observed was proportional to the concentration of superoxide dismutase in the extract. These observations form the basis for negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase which are inexpensive and simple to perform. The negative assay has the added advantage of being applicable at physiological pH.
Pathway mapping with operon information: an integer-programming method

Biological pathway mapping is an important problem in the post-genomic era. We now present a new algorithm for pathway mapping in microbes. The algorithm considers not only sequence similarity among the template and target genes, but also the operon structures in the target genome. We formulated the mapping problem as a graph finding problem, and solved it by an integer-programming (IP) method. The goal is to minimize a linear object function subject to six constraints, such that maximal sequence similarity among the template and target genes are achieved, and at the same time, a minimal number of operons are covered in the target genome. Compared to our previous minimal spanning tree (MST) algorithm, the IP method has the following advantages: i) It is much faster and thus can map larger pathway involving a much large set of genes. ii) The IP method looks into the details of genes in the operons, and consequently avoids the many-to-one mapping mistakes that sometimes occur in the MST algorithm. We have compiled a large pathway training set to optimize the parameters of the program, and tested it by mapping 16 complex pathways from BioCyc onto E.coli K12 genome and the results are very promising.
Ad-hoc data processing in the cloud

Ad-hoc data processing has proven to be a critical paradigm for Internet companies processing large volumes of unstructured data. However, the emergence of cloud-based computing, where storage and CPU are outsourced to multiple third-parties across the globe, implies large collections of highly distributed and continuously evolving data. Our demonstration combines the power and simplicity of the MapReduce abstraction with a wide-scale distributed stream processor, Mortar. While our incremental MapReduce operators avoid data re-processing, the stream processor manages the placement and physical data flow of the operators across the wide area. We demonstrate a distributed web indexing engine against which users can submit and deploy continuous MapReduce jobs. A visualization component illustrates both the incremental indexing and index searches in real time.
Clustering with Multiple Graphs

In graph-based learning models, entities are often represented as vertices in an undirected graph with weighted edges describing the relationships between entities. In many real-world applications, however, entities are often associated with relations of different types and/or from different sources, which can be well captured by multiple undirected graphs over the same set of vertices. How to exploit such multiple sources of information to make better inferences on entities remains an interesting open problem. In this paper, we focus on the problem of clustering the vertices based on multiple graphs in both unsupervised and semi-supervised settings. As one of our contributions, we propose Linked Matrix Factorization (LMF) as a novel way of fusing information from multiple graph sources. In LMF, each graph is approximated by matrix factorization with a graph-specific factor and a factor common to all graphs, where the common factor provides features for all vertices. Experiments on SIAM journal data show that (1) we can improve the clustering accuracy through fusing multiple sources of information with several models, and (2) LMF yields superior or competitive results compared to other graph-based clustering methods.
Master of Abstraction

I was supposed to meet Alberto in the spring of 1986. I was a graduating senior with a National Science Foundation (NSF) fellowship in hand and acceptance letters from the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford, so I decided to visit the Bay Area on my spring break to decide which university to attend. I had told the NSF that I was hoping to work on analog circuit synthesis, and it was already clear that the best place in the world to do that would be in the research groups of Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli and Richard Newton. However, I was more aggressive than that! My intention was to complete an IC-focused one year master's degree at Stanford first and then transfer to Berkeley for my Ph.D., saving the time of a master's thesis while getting the benefits of two world-class institutions. For my plan to work, I needed to know that there would be a spot for me at Berkeley—in what was then called the CAD group—in a year.
QoS-enabled integration of wireless sensor networks and the internet

Recent developments in sensor networking for both military and civilian applications emphasized the need for a reliable integration of sensor networks with the Internet. For sensor networks deployed in various military applications, it is important that collected information be delivered as fast as possible with minimum delays. In this paper, an integration module is proposed. The objective of the module is to provide preferential services for high-priority traffic. The integration module is implemented and tested using hardware equipments, such as Cisco routers and 10/100 Mbps switches. According to the testbed measurements, the proposed integration module is able to adapt to different traffic needs, thus, ensuring the QoS for different sensor network applications.
Computer frequency control of vocabulary in language learning reading materials

Vocabulary is one of the major obstacles to attaining reading fluency in a second language. The major European literary languages have vocabularies of many tens of thousands of items. For efficient learning, the vocabulary systems must be structured in terms of frequency groupings so that the more frequent items are mastered before the less frequent ones. The learner, however, has no way of determining the relative frequency of the words in his text. The solution involves: 1) the establishment of various word frequency groups and 2) marking the words in the reading text so that the learner has a clear set of rational priorities. Statistical studies suggest that approximately the most frequent 5,000 words constitute a minimum vocabulary for “liberated” reading and account for about 90% of the different words in an average text. The learning of the less frequent items should be deferred until these are mastered. Further, the presentation of the higher frequency words within the 1,000–5,000 range should be sequenced by groups in terms of their relative frequencies. Each group might correspond to a particular level of language proficiency. This goal can be attained by means of a system in which the frequency category of each text word is marked so that the learner knows its relative importance and can structure his vocabulary acquisition accordingly. A marking procedure by frequency is integrated with a marginal translation or glossing routine. The article proposes a set of frequency groups and describes an algorithm for the implementation of a frequency identification and marking procedure on an IBM 360 computer. A sample page of a Russian text book utilizing the technique is given and several other potential utilizations are described.
Closure properties of certain classes of languages under generalized morphic replication

In this paper a new language operator, a generalized morphic replication, is introduced. Let £1 be a finite set of morphisms and reversal morphisms from S* into A*, and w be in Cl*. A morphic replicator is defined as follows: for each x in E* define w(x) to be hx(x)... hm(x), where \m\ = m and co = hl... hm. A generalized morphic replication extends a> to languages by u>(L) = {<a(jc): x is in L} and to sets W of morphic replicators, where W <= £1*, W(x) = {co(x): co is in W) and W(L) = U fV(x), where the union is taken over all x in L. It is shown that the class of languages accepted in real time by a non-deterministic reversal-bounded multitape Turing machine, the class of NP, and the class of the recursively enumerable sets, are all closed under the generalized morphic replication when the morphisms and the reversal morphisms are, respectively, linear-erasing, polynomial-erasing, and arbitrary.
On the relationship of polar mesospheric cloud ice water content, particle radius and mesospheric temperature and its use in multi-dimensional models

Abstract. The distribution of ice layers in the polar summer mesosphere (called polar mesospheric clouds or PMCs) is sensitive to background atmospheric conditions and therefore affected by global-scale dynamics. To investigate this coupling it is necessary to simulate the global distribution of PMCs within a 3-dimensional (3-D) model that couples large-scale dynamics with cloud microphysics. However, modeling PMC microphysics within 3-D global chemistry climate models (GCCM) is a challenge due to the high computational cost associated with particle following (Lagrangian) or sectional microphysical calculations. By characterizing the relationship between the PMC effective radius, ice water content (iwc), and local temperature (T) from an ensemble of simulations from the sectional microphysical model, the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA), we determined that these variables can be described by a robust empirical formula. The characterized relationship allows an estimate of an altitude distribution of PMC effective radius in terms of local temperature and iwc. For our purposes we use this formula to predict an effective radius as part of a bulk parameterization of PMC microphysics in a 3-D GCCM to simulate growth, sublimation and sedimentation of ice particles without keeping track of the time history of each ice particle size or particle size bin. This allows cost effective decadal scale PMC simulations in a 3-D GCCM to be performed. This approach produces realistic PMC simulations including estimates of the optical properties of PMCs. We validate the relationship with PMC data from the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE).
Flow structures of a separating, reattaching, and recovering boundary layer for a large range of Reynolds number

Flow structures of a separating, reattaching, and recovering boundary layer over a smoothly contoured ramp are examined for an order of magnitude range of Reynolds number, which is achieved by increasing the wind tunnel pressure by up to 8 atm and varying the tunnel speed by a factor of three. The study was performed using instantaneous velocity vector plots and two-point correlations measured by PIV. The present paper discusses length scales of large-scale motions of the flow and roller vortices in the separated shear layer and their dependence on the Reynolds number or the flow geometry. Two-point correlation profiles show that the Reynolds number effects on the correlations vary strongly from region to region within the flow. Downstream of reattachment, correlation profiles show that the inner portion of the boundary layer recovers more rapidly than the outer portion, where excessively active eddies still persist. The Reynolds number effects seen at reattachment diminish in the recovery region, and the correlation profiles start to take on ordinary boundary layer characteristics.
Analytic PCA construction for theoretical analysis of lighting variability in images of a Lambertian object

We analyze theoretically the subspace best approximating images of a convex Lambertian object taken from the same viewpoint, but under different distant illumination conditions. We analytically construct the principal component analysis for images of a convex Lambertian object, explicitly taking attached shadows into account, and find the principal eigenmodes and eigenvalues with respect to lighting variability. Our analysis makes use of an analytic formula for the irradiance in terms of spherical-harmonic coefficients of the illumination and shows, under appropriate assumptions, that the principal components or eigenvectors are identical to the spherical harmonic basis functions evaluated at the surface normal vectors. Our main contribution is in extending these results to the single-viewpoint case, showing how the principal eigenmodes and eigenvalues are affected when only a limited subset (the upper hemisphere) of normals is available and the spherical harmonics are no longer orthonormal over the restricted domain. Our results are very close, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to previous empirical observations and represent the first essentially complete theoretical explanation of these observations.
Crosslinked PEG mats for peptide immobilization and stem cell adhesion

We have designed a lightly crosslinked PEG based copolymer coating with compositional flexibility as well as extended stability for studying human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Copolymers contain a majority of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) as a cytophobic background with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) for peptide coupling, and less than 10% glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) for crosslinking. Copolymer thin films were crosslinked into 30 nm thick mats by either thermal treatment or ultraviolet light and were stable for 35 days in water at 37 °C. The amount of PEGMA in the copolymer was optimized to ∼11% to minimize non-specific cell–protein interactions while maximizing the amount of total bound peptides. Following the binding of RGDSP to the mat, hMSCs were seeded. The hMSC adhesion, spreading and focal adhesion complex formation were promoted in a concentration dependent manner. Mats coupled with a non-adhesive scramble (RDGSP) maintained their cytophobicity. Competitive detachment experiments further demonstrated that cell adhesion was mediated by receptor binding to the RGDSP peptide. Cell culture experiments performed at 1 and 2 weeks show that mats can still resist cell adhesion after incubation in a serum containing medium. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was effectively used to quantify the average total peptide concentration as 12.6 ± 6.14 pmol cm−2. A square 2.2 mm N (1s) element map shows an average value of 17.9 pmol cm−2 of RGDSP, which correlates well with the multipoint high resolution data. The stability of the copolymer, compositional flexibility, ease of application and the ability to precisely quantify bound peptides on the mats make these materials ideal for the study of cellular processes, where stability, functionality and topography of the biointerface are relevant.
A necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of nonnegative interval discrete systems

The stability of nonnegative discrete systems with interval uncertainty is discussed. For this class of system a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability is provided when all elements of the system matrix are assumed to be specified by intervals. An illustrative example is used as a guideline to demonstrate the effectiveness of the result. Simple computational tests are suggested, and their usefulness in this framework is discussed. The possible extension of this result to more general classes of systems is addressed. >
Malignant Melanoma: Basic Approach to Clinicopathologic Correlation

To provide an overview of the clinicopathologic correlation of the various types of malignant melanoma, we describe and illustrate the four major types of these tumors and discuss the concept of microstaging for the prognostic evaluation of melanoma. The four major types of malignant melanoma are lentigo maligna melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, and nodular melanoma. Lentigo maligna melanoma has irregular margins and usually occurs on sunlight-exposed skin in elderly patients. Acral lentiginous melanoma occurs on the hands and feet; it often demonstrates massive invasion when the vertical growth phase occurs. Among Caucasians, superficial spreading melanoma, which affects the trunk and extremities, is the most common malignant melanoma. These lesions are often variegated in color. Nodular melanomas are deeply pigmented and enlarge rapidly. For microstaging of malignant melanoma, determining Clark's level of tumor invasion or Breslow's thickness (from the top of the granular cell layer of the epidermis to the deepest extension of the tumor) is useful for assessment of prognosis. Establishing a definite diagnosis of malignant melanoma is feasible through clinicopathologic correlation. Microscopic measurement of the deepest levels of melanoma involvement in the skin provides a useful indication of the associated prognosis.
Frequency of Citation in Child Psychology Literature.

To find which contributors in child psychology have been cited more often during approximately the last 20 years, references in 12 textbooks and 2 jourals of child development were tallied. Self-references were excluded. Authors were ranked according to their frequency of citation, and their relative positions discussed in terms of discrepancies between journal and textbook citations. Weaknesses of the criterion-frequency of citation-were discussed in relation to theoretical and empirical contributions.
Therapeutic effects of robotic-assisted locomotor training on neuromuscular properties

We studied the effects of robotic-assisted locomotor (LOKOMAT) training on the neuromuscular mechanical properties and voluntary movement of the spastic ankle in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). System identification techniques were used to characterize the effects of Lokomat training on the mechanical abnormalities of the ankle joint. We also determined the effects of this physical training on repeated voluntary movements of the ankle from full plantarflexion to dorsiflexion at maximum speed, quantified by measuring their kinematics parameters. We found that reflex stiffness, abnormally increased in SCI, was significantly reduced following LOKOMAT training. Active range of motion, peak-velocity and peak-acceleration of voluntary movement increased as a result of LOKOMAT training. These findings demonstrate that LOKOMAT training has a potential to modify abnormal reflex function and improve impaired voluntary movement.
A phonetic vocoder

The authors study the problem of coding spectral information in speech at bit rates in the range of 100-400 b/s using speaker-independent phone-based recognition. Spectral information is coded as a sequence of phonetic events and a sequence of transitions through the corresponding hidden Markov model (HMM)-based phone models. This simple phonetic speech-coding system has been shown to be a promising approach. A simple inventory of phonemes is sufficient for capturing the bulk of the acoustic information. >
Effect of Imidacloprid Soil Treatments on Occurrence of Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Independent Monitors

Periodic sampling of 30 independent monitors, initially active with the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil treated with imidacloprid on nearby termite activity. Monitors were located adjacent (1-3 m) to the buildings. Soil around and under the buildings was treated with 0.05% imidacloprid. None of the termites collected showed latent mortality attributed to imidacloprid intoxication. Imidacloprid soil treatments did not measurably reduce C. formosanus populations adjacent to the treatments. Imidacloprid does not seem to fit the liquid-bait model.
Advances in alcoholic liver disease: An update on alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is a pro-inflammatory chronic liver disease that is associated with high short-term morbidity and mortality (25%-35% in one month) in the setting of chronic alcohol use. Histopathology is notable for micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, acute inflammation with neutrophil infiltration, hepatocellular necrosis, perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis, and Mallory hyaline bodies found in ballooned hepatocytes. Other findings include the characteristic eosinophilic fibrillar material (Mallory's hyaline bodies) found in ballooned hepatocytes. The presence of focal intense lobular infiltration of neutrophils is what typically distinguishes alcoholic hepatitis from other forms of hepatitis, in which the inflammatory infiltrate is primarily composed of mononuclear cells. Management consists of a multidisciplinary approach including alcohol cessation, fluid and electrolyte correction, treatment of alcohol withdrawal, and pharmacological therapy based on the severity of the disease. Pharmacological treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis, as defined by Maddrey's discriminant factor ≥ 32, consists of either prednisolone or pentoxifylline for a period of four weeks. The body of evidence for corticosteroids has been greater than pentoxifylline, although there are higher risks of complications. Recently head-to-head trials between corticosteroids and pentoxifylline have been performed, which again suggests that corticosteroids should strongly be considered over pentoxifylline.
Collaborative and Individual Learning

What is the right mix of individual and collaborative learning? This position paper will explore how online platforms can mix the two approaches, addressing problems inherent to each while increasing the learning. Approaches to collaborative learning can be differentiated by the type of coordination that is required, either tight or loose (Alterman and Larusson, 2013). Tightly coordinated learning tends to be more collaborative and loosely coordinated activities have more of an individual orientation. Modifying platforms of either extreme can achieve better balance between the individual and collaborative features of a learning activity. Heuristics are presented that support these kinds of transformations; blog and wiki-based platforms are used to ground the discussion. Also considered is the sequence of learning and how mixed platforms better prepare students for future learning.
A Review of Pneumococcal Vaccines: Current Polysaccharide Vaccine Recommendations and Future Protein Antigens

This review describes development of currently available pneumococcal vaccines, provides summary tables of current pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in children and adults, and describes new potential vaccine antigens in the pipeline. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacteria responsible for pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and bacteremia, remains a cause of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Introductions of unconjugated and conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have each reduced the rate of pneumococcal infections caused by the organism S. pneumoniae. The first vaccine developed, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), protected adults and children older than 2 years of age against invasive disease caused by the 23 capsular serotypes contained in the vaccine. Because PPSV23 did not elicit a protective immune response in children younger than 2 years of age, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) containing seven of the most common serotypes from PPSV23 in pediatric invasive disease was developed for use in children younger than 2 years of age. The last vaccine to be developed, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), contains the seven serotypes in PCV7, five additional serotypes from PPSV23, and a new serotype not contained in PPSV23 or PCV7. Serotype replacement with virulent strains that are not contained in the polysaccharide vaccines has been observed after vaccine implementation and stresses the need for continued research into novel vaccine antigens. We describe eight potential protein antigens that are in the pipeline for new pneumococcal vaccines.
What Radio Astronomy Can Tell us about Galaxy Formation

Radio astronomy, broadly interpreted, has made important contributions to the study of galaxy formation and evolution. Maps of the cosmic microwave background provide information on the seeds of large-scale structure, in addition to refined values of the cosmological parameters. Examples of contributions from more conventional radio astronomy include:–The use of radio observations to track star formation rates since they are not affected by dust obscuration as optical/UV observations are, and the use of molecular line observations to make purely “radio” redshift determinations.
Asymmetric growth in polyelectrolyte multilayers.

Radioactive counterions were used to track the ratio of positive to negative polymer repeat units within a polyelectrolyte multilayer made from poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC, and poly(styrene sulfonate), PSS. For this widely employed pair of “linearly” assembled polyelectrolytes it was found that the accepted model of charge overcompensation for each layer is incorrect. In fact, overcompensation at the surface occurs only on the addition of the polycation, whereas PSS merely compensates the PDADMAC. After the assembly of about a dozen layers, excess positive sites begin to accrue in the multilayer. Treating the surface as a reaction–diffusion region for pairing of polymer charges, a model profile was constructed. It is shown that different reaction–diffusion ranges of positive and negative polyelectrolyte charge lead to a blanket of glassy, stoichiometric complex growing on top of a layer of rubbery, PDADMAC-rich complex. Though overcompensation and growth was highly asymmetric with resp...
The Comic Structures of Tragic Endings: The Suicide Scenes in Romeo and Juliet and Antony and Cleopatra

J N TRAGEDIES OF LOVE, AS DISTINCT FROM TRAGEDIES in which love is made subordinate to revenge, ambition, or some other emotion, the two lovers theoretically have equal claims on the role normally reserved for a single protagonist. In the Shakespeare canon this equal claim is signaled by the title: Romeo and Juliet, Antony and Cleopatra, and, if one wishes to include a play that is not generically a tragedy. Troilus and Cressida. Although love tragedy, broadly defined, was eventually to become a popular form on the Jacobean stage, the genre was a new one when Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1594 or 1595. As Clifford Leech observes, until Romeo and Juliet appeared, love on the public stage seems to have been solely an element in comedy or in those romantic plays which Sidney mocked in his Apology for Poetry.In choosing the well-known Romeo and Juliet legend for his first tragedy of love, Shakespeare either stumbled upon or deliberately sought out a solution to the major problem inherent in the two-protagonist tragedy: that of orchestrating an ending in which two characters separately yet jointly undergo tragic downfalls and deaths. What particularly interests me about the pattern of events with which Romeo and Juliet ends is that Shakesneare used it again, several vears later, in Antonv and Cleopatra. Both love tragedies conclude with a tragic sequence consisting of the feigned death of the heroine, followed bv the suicide of the lover, then the heroine's "resurrection," and finally, a second suicide. This pattern confers upon each of the four title characters a role characteristic of the tragic protagonist-that of causing the death of another. Each lover indirectly and inadvertently brings about the death of the beloved, and each dies nobly by his or her own hand, believing that death is preferable to life without the beloved.
Are Yeasts Present in Adult Worker Honey Bees as a Consequence of Stress

For several years I have been examining the intestinal microflora of healthy adult worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Of special interest was the fact that yeasts were rarely isolated from bee guts, although filamentous fungi were usually found (Gilliam and Prest 1972). This observation was surprising, since yeasts are abundant in nectar and honey. Also, yeasts have been isolated from the honey stomach and midgut of honey bees (Batra et al. 1973) and from intestinal homogenates (Egorova and Bab'eva 1967).
Electrical transport in open and closed systems

Electrical conductance is typically calculated by approaches which view the electrical field as a causative source and the motion of carriers as a response. An alternative viewpoint, which starts from the flux of carriers maintained at the edges of a sample, and then calculates how charges build up and fields develop, has gained acceptance in the treatment of disordered systems, the solid state Aharanov-Bohm effect, and universal fluctuations. We analyze some of the less appreciated concomitants of this viewpoint, emphasizing both the generality and limitations of the viewpoint. Particular emphasis is given to the Residual Resistivity Dipole; localized scatterers in metallic conductivity are accompanied by highly localized transport fields. Closed Hamiltonian systems, e.g. a metallic ring with elastic scattering and driven by a time-dependent magnetic flux, are conservative. They cannot exhibit dissipation, under our conventionally accepted forms of physics. It is suggested that the limited precision available,in principle, in calculating the behavior of physical systems limits our ability to retrieve energy from supposedly conservative systems. This can be regarded as the ultimate source of dissipative processes.
Unique Biological Aspects of the Genus Casca and a Description of a New Species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Species of the genus Casca Howard are unique among the endoparasitcs of armored scale insects in that (1) larval development within full-grown hosts is generally gregarious, (2) the male adult emerges from its host after the emergence of the female (the interval between the emergence of the 2 sexes not exceeding the time required for the completion of embryonic development in the female-producing fertilized egg), and (3) embryonic development in the male-producing unfertilized egg, in contrast to the female-producing egg, is inhibited by the body fluids of the coccid host. Circumstantial evidence indicates that embryonic development in the unfertilized egg is not inhibited if that egg is deposited within a previously deposited fertilized egg. The male larva in several species apparently develops within the body fluids of the coccid host as a primary parasite. The adult progeny of the mated female, as in several other aphelinid genera, is entirely female. A species of Casca structurally inseparable from Casca chinensis Howard is described as a new species, C. albacincta .
Impact of Governor Deadband on Frequency Response of the U.S. Eastern Interconnection

This paper documents the effort to perform dynamic model validation for the U.S. Eastern Interconnection (EI) by modeling the governor deadband. The Western Electricity Coordinating Council-modified 1981 IEEE type 1 turbine governor model (WSIEG1) was added to the EI model. A frequency response sensitivity study is conducted to look at the impacts of a few major factors. The significance of modeling governor dead band is evident. Simulated frequency responses are adjusted and validated against the measurements collected by the frequency monitoring network. Two actual events are replicated in a 16 000-bus EI dynamic model. This paper demonstrates the need for a comprehensive effort on governor dead band modeling by the industry.
Lactate and Malate Dehydrogenase and α-Esterases in Oligospermia

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase, and α-esterase were studied electrophoretically in a total of 99 semen samples obtained from normal, vasectomized, oligospermic, and infertile males. The enzymatic patterns were compared with total sperm count and percentage sperm motility. Lactate dehydrogenase X was absent in semen samples from oligospermic as well as vasectomized males. An extra LDH band (between the second and third LDH bands) was detectable in samples which had a low sperm count but higher motility (80 to 90%). This extra band was absent in samples with higher sperm count regardless of the level of percentage motility, suggesting that the extra band possibly may be related to motility factors of low sperm count but not normal sperm count. The fastest moving α-esterase bands were absent in samples from oligospermic or vasectomized males. These bands were also absent in samples from infertile patients having a very low sperm count. It is not clear whether the fast-moving esterase bands are related to sperm count or possible differences in hormonal levels of individuals with low or zero sperm count samples. The patterns of malate dehydrogenase did not differ in individuals with zero, low, or normal sperm count.
Are hallucinogens psychoheuristic

The author argues in this chapter for a reconsideration of the perception of hallucinogens as being only toxic, damaging, and therefore strictly condemnable for being abused. The author advocates that hallucinogens be viewed as powerful psychoheuristic tools that, in combination with other necessary conceptual (such as holarchic theory) and laboratory tools (such as PET scan or MRI), may help solve a major mystery of nature: the workings of human brains and minds.
Frequency dependent behavior of a high performance dynamic register file in 1.8 V, 0.25 /spl mu/m SOI technology

Summary form only given. High performance register files are essential in fixed or floating point units of a high performance microprocessor. In this paper, the frequency dependent behavior of access time and pulse width of the dynamic register file and the circuit techniques to achieve robust operation in 1.8 V, 0.25 /spl mu/m partially depleted (PD) SOI technology are addressed.
College athletes' reflective judgment: A moderator between sport and sociocultural pressures, body ideal internalization, and body dissatisfaction

The purpose of this research was to investigate the sociocultural model of eating disorder development among male and female college student-athletes as moderated by students’ level of Reflective Judgment, a stage theory of adult epistemology marked by increasing cognitive complexity. A review of literature on the established relationships between pressures in sociocultural and sport environments to adhere to body ideals and resulting body dissatisfaction as mediated by body ideal internalization was presented. The Reflective Judgment model was hypothesized as a moderator to body ideal internalization due to its relationship with feminist identity development (a moderator among females) and applicability to both genders to inform current interventions. A sample of 131 NCAA college student-athletes (33 male; 98 female) completed the Perceived Sociocultural Pressures Scale (PSPS), the Weight Pressures in Sport Scale (WPS), the Body Parts Satisfaction Scale (BPSS), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3) and the Reasoning about Current Issues test (RCI). Multi-sample Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to examine the hypothesized relationships between the variables and revealed significant differences between genders. In general, males’ higher Reflective Judgment was a full mediator between pressures and body dissatisfaction, resulting in lower body dissatisfaction. However, females’ higher Reflective Judgment was a moderator between pressures and body ideal internalization, resulting in higher body dissatisfaction. These major findings as well as additional findings as elaborated by curvilinear regression analysis, current literature, and theories of socialized gender differences in epistemology were presented. Limitations, areas for further research, and implications for practice were identified.
Towards greater understanding of addiction stigma: Intersectionality with race/ethnicity and gender.

Background In spite of the significant burden associated with substance use disorders, especially among persons who inject drugs (PWIDs), most affected individuals do not engage with any type of formal or informal treatment. Addiction stigma, which is represented by negative social attitudes toward individuals who use alcohol and/or other drugs, is one of the barriers to care that is poorly understood. The current study: a) assessed implicit (indirect and difficult to consciously control) and explicit (consciously controlled) beliefs about PWIDs among visitors to a public web site; and b) experimentally investigated the effects of ethnicity/race and gender on those implicit and explicit beliefs.
Parent perceptions of health promotion for school‐age children with spina bifida

Purpose To gain insight into how parents develop their beliefs of health promotion for their children with spina bifida (SB) and how they develop and promote health promotion practices for their children. Design Qualitative, exploratory design with semi-structured interviews of parents of children between 6 and 12 years of age diagnosed with SB was used for this study. Results Perceptions of health promotion were maintaining healthy bowel function and managing SB care. Good bowel function and SB management is health promotion and adequate bowel function is viewed as a marker of health. Maintaining healthy bowel function was identified by parents as the key marker of health for their children with SB. Further, the term health promotion brought up plans, concerns, and goals more related to their child's physiologic functioning and health care needs rather than promoting health and avoiding preventable disease. Practice Implications Nurses and healthcare providers are in unique and powerful positions for strategizing with parents on how to integrate health promotion into the lives of children with SB. Team-based, whole-person, holistic assessment and teaching inclusive of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in addition to providing excellent care related to their physiologic systems affected by SB can improve how we promote health for these children.
Genetic variation underlying renal uric acid excretion in Hispanic children: the Viva La Familia Study

Reduced renal excretion of uric acid plays a significant role in the development of hyperuricemia and gout in adults. Hyperuricemia has been associated with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in children and adults. There are limited genome-wide association studies associating genetic polymorphisms with renal urate excretion measures. Therefore, we investigated the genetic factors that influence the excretion of uric acid and related indices in 768 Hispanic children of the Viva La Familia Study. We performed a genome-wide association analysis for 24-h urinary excretion measures such as urinary uric acid/urinary creatinine ratio, uric acid clearance, fractional excretion of uric acid, and glomerular load of uric acid in SOLAR, while accounting for non-independence among family members. All renal urate excretion measures were significantly heritable (p <2 × 10−6) and ranged from 0.41 to 0.74. Empirical threshold for genome-wide significance was set at p <1 × 10−7. We observed a strong association (p < 8 × 10−8) of uric acid clearance with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in zinc finger protein 446 (ZNF446) (rs2033711 (A/G), MAF: 0.30). The minor allele (G) was associated with increased uric acid clearance. Also, we found suggestive associations of uric acid clearance with SNPs in ZNF324, ZNF584, and ZNF132 (in a 72 kb region of 19q13; p <1 × 10−6, MAFs: 0.28–0.31). For the first time, we showed the importance of 19q13 region in the regulation of renal urate excretion in Hispanic children. Our findings indicate differences in inherent genetic architecture and shared environmental risk factors between our cohort and other pediatric and adult populations.
Polarized beamforming for enhanced countermeasure of wireless jamming attacks

Due to the open and shared nature, wireless communication systems are vulnerable to jamming attacks. Beamforming is a promising technique to counteract the impact of jamming attacks. However, when the location of the desired signal is close to that of the jamming signal, the performance of the traditional anti-jamming beamformer that uses isotropic antenna elements is significantly degraded due to the indistinguishable signals and interferences in the space domain. In this paper, an enhanced countermeasure method for jamming attacks has been proposed by using the polarized beamforming with a planar array. By integrating both polarization and space information, the proposed beamformer is able to suppress the interference that is close to the desired signal. The beamformer is designed using the Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) criterion. The analytical expression of the steering vectors is derived for far-field propagation. The Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed jamming defense system is examined. Simulation results show a significant performance improvement of the proposed anti-jamming system even when the desired signals and interferences are coming from the same direction.
A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result ≥ 11.1 mmol/L predicted all-cause mortality better than a fasting glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/L

Source Citation Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. The DECODE study group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Diabetes Epid...
ELLI-1, a novel germline protein, modulates RNAi activity and P-granule accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Germ cells contain non-membrane bound cytoplasmic organelles that help maintain germline integrity. In C. elegans they are called P granules; without them, the germline undergoes partial masculinization and aberrant differentiation. One key P-granule component is the Argonaute CSR-1, a small-RNA binding protein that antagonizes accumulation of sperm-specific transcripts in developing oocytes and fine-tunes expression of proteins critical to early embryogenesis. Loss of CSR-1 complex components results in a very specific, enlarged P-granule phenotype. In a forward screen to identify mutants with abnormal P granules, ten alleles were recovered with a csr-1 P-granule phenotype, eight of which contain mutations in known components of the CSR-1 complex (csr-1, ego-1, ekl-1, and drh-3). The remaining two alleles are in a novel gene now called elli-1 (enlarged germline granules). ELLI-1 is first expressed in primordial germ cells during mid-embryogenesis, and continues to be expressed in the adult germline. While ELLI-1 forms cytoplasmic aggregates, they occasionally dock, but do not co-localize with P granules. Instead, the majority of ELLI-1 aggregates accumulate in the shared germline cytoplasm. In elli-1 mutants, several genes that promote RNAi and P-granule accumulation are upregulated, and embryonic lethality, sterility, and RNAi resistance in a hypomorphic drh-3 allele is enhanced, suggesting that ELLI-1 functions with CSR-1 to modulate RNAi activity, P-granule accumulation, and post-transcriptional expression in the germline.