cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The beilis ritual murder trial and the culture of apocalypse

In March 1911 in Kiev, the body of a thirteen-year-old boy, Andrei Iushchinskii, was found in a cave. Soviet scholar Alexandr Tager, who used archives closed until 1917, showed that Iushchinskii was murdered by a gang of thieves headed by Vera Cheberiak because the gang believed Iushchinskii was going to inform the police about them. Iushchinskii and Cheberiak's son were friends. Vera Cheberiak was arrested and released in July of the same year, at which time Mendel Beilis was arrested. Beilis had been identified as the "man with the black beard," whom witnesses claimed they saw with Iushchinskii. He was a clerk at a brick factory on the territory of which Iushchinskii's body was found. Beilis was tried in 1913. The indictment charged that he had committed the murder "out of religious fanaticism, for ritual purposes."' Two questions were put to the jury. The first suggested that the murder had been committed in such a way as to allow the perpetrator to harvest the maximum amount of blood from the victim's body. The language of the question implied that the purpose was to consume the blood. The question asked whether it had been shown that Iushchinskii had been subjected to wounds which produced "five glasses of blood" and then subjected to a second series of wounds which killed him and left his body in a state of "almost complete bloodlessness." The second question was whether Beilis was guilty of the crime. The jury, consisting mostly of peasants, answered "yes" to the first question, but acquitted Beilis.2 The jury's finding left open the possibility that ritual murder had been committed. The government's case against Beilis is easily interpreted as a politically expedient form of anti-Semitism. Some historians maintain that the Beilis trial was part of the greatly weakened tsarist government's effort to maintain a strong sense of national identity by defining Jews as alien and harmful to Russia. Tager argues that the government transformed a murder case into a ritual murder accusation for political purposes: as a weapon in its struggle against the revolutionary movement, as a way of justifying
Surveillance on vector mosquitoes of Japanese encephalitis in Kaijiang county, Sichuan province in 2011

Objective To study the population dynamics and the distribution characteristics of the vector mosquitoes of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Kaijiang county, Sichuan province for providing a scientific basis for JE control and prevention. Methods Three sampling points were selected for each of the surveillance sites, the rice fields, the pens for livestock and the rooms for people in JE epidemic area of Kaijiang county during May to September 2011, and mosquitoes were caught 15 min a time, 2 times a month, with the captured insects identified. Results A total of 4734 mosquitoes were caught from June to September with an average density of 210.4/labor hour. The density was 247.3/labor hour in the rice fields, 267.7/labor hour the pens for livestock, 114.3/labor hour the rooms for people, respectively. Of the 1855 mosquitoes captured in the rice fields, Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 93.21% and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus for 5.55%, and of the 2023 mosquitoes captured in the pens for livestock Cx. tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 44.04%, Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus for 33.81% and Anopheles sinensis for 22.15%. Of the 856 mosquitoes captured in the rooms for people Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus accounted for 72.20% and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus for 22.08%. The Cx. tritaeniorhynchus density peaked in the rice fields in the first ten days and the last ten days of June (570.7/labor hour and 583.3/labor hour), in the pens for livestock in the last ten days of July (265.3/labor hour) and the last ten days of September (533.3/labor hour), and in the rooms for people in the first ten days of August (70.7/labor hour). Conclusion In terms of the JE vector mosquitoes in Kaijiang county, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus is mainly distributed in the rice fields and pens for livestock, and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus mainly in the rooms for people. The peak season of JE incidence is consistent with the peak density distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the rice fields and pens for livestock.
Analysis On The Effects Of Urban Community Health Promotion Measures In Ma'anshan

Objective To explore a new working mode and evaluate its effect on urban community health promotion,and provide evidence for community health education.Methods Health education were developed in one street which mainly include an annual blood pressure measurement,a low-salt diet,giving up wine and tobacco,and safe injection,and the implementing effects were evaluated.Results Since the health education was implemented,the awareness rate about the fundamental health knowledge of the community residents increased by 25.97%.And behaviors for seeking health knowledge actively increased significantly(P0.01),such as chatting with the neighbors about health.The residents who exercised over 3 times each week has been raised from 35.1% to 53.5%.Conclusion The content and form of health education were important.The mode in this study was suited to local conditions of Ma'anshan.
Eradication of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia By Inactivation of the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2

Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a stem-cell driven malignancy caused by BCL/ABL, the oncoprotein derived from the Philadelphia chromosome 9/22 translocation. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective in managing chronic phase CML, challenges remain, including acquisition of TKI resistance, toxicities of long-term TKI administration and third-generation TKIs, and persistence of leukemia initiating cells (LICs). Reliable curative chemotherapy remains elusive. Alternative approaches to definitive treatment of CML would enhance current management. We report here that the Polycomb group protein EZH2, a catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is a potential target for curative chemotherapy for CML. EZH2 is overexpressed in LICs, compared to normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and is sustained by BCR/ABL signaling, as TKIs suppress EZH2 expression in CML cells. Removal of EZH2 in an engineered mouse model prevents CML initiation and development. Moreover, Ezh2 is also required for maintenance of established CML. In a tamoxifen-inducible EZH2 deletion mouse model, conditional inactivation of EZH2 eradicates existing disease induced by wild-type BCR/ABL or the gatekeeper T315I mutant, and leads to long-term survival. Importantly, EZH2 inactivation also eliminates phenotypic and functional LICs. Relevance of the genetic studies in mice is supported by shRNA knockdown and EZH2-inhibitor treatment of human CML cell lines and primary samples, which leads to cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis, and reduced colony formation. Effects of EZH2 loss in CML are context-specific, as EZH2 is dispensable for HSCs, in part due to decreased EZH1 expression in CML LICs compared to normal HSCs. EZH1 expression decreases even further in LICs upon the loss of EZH2. Thus, loss of EZH2 in CML LICs creates a scenario resembling complete inactivation of PRC2, which is essential for the maintenance of HSCs. EZH2-dependence of CML LICs raises prospects for curative chemotherapy based on addition of EZH2 inhibitors to conventional TKI administration. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Virome of the Human Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract virome is defined here as the viruses present in the human respiratory tract that can infect human cells. Sensitive, culture-independent molecular assays (polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing) reveal that in addition to common viruses that cause acute, symptomatic infections the virome also includes viruses that do not cause clinical symptoms, have unknown pathogenic effect, or cause symptoms but are not among the most common viral respiratory tract pathogens. These molecular tools provide means for better defining the virome and studying the effects of viral infections on the dynamics of chronic lung diseases.
Suppes on the Logic of Clinical Judgment

Those knowledgeable about the subject of Professor Suppes’ paper will appreciate that there are few contemporary philosophers who are equal to debate with him on this topic or to criticize his application of the various probability approaches to specific domains of empirical investigation and practice. In his present paper it is mainly in the appendix, in which he sketches his calculus for determining upper and lower probability approximations, as detailed in his 1974 paper on ‘The Measurement of Belief’ [1], that Suppes exhibits his special technical expertise. There he sets forth his version of Bayes’ well-known theorem as a more plausible approach than other probability techniques for purposes of applying statistical methods to situations of practical belief, decision and practice. As is to be expected, his exposition provides no opportunity for critical comment.
Methodology of Developing a Combined Environmental Stress Schedule for Reliability Growth Testing: Part II. The Tracked Vehicle Vibration Environment

This three-part series describes how to develop an environmental test schedule for military ground-mobile equipment installed on a tracked vehicle based on the user's mission profile. The test schedules combine both operational and storage environmental stresses. Part I describes the equipment to be tested, provides a general overview of its mission profiles, and identifies appropriate climatic conditions. Part II discusses the complexities of the tracked-vehicle vibration environment, including research conducted in the Arizona desert and the Alaskan aretic. Part III compares test profiles based on excluding benign environmental phases with profiles that include benign stress conditions.
Inferior Outcomes on the Waiting List in Low‐Volume Pediatric Heart Transplant Centers

Low case volume has been associated with poor outcomes in a wide spectrum of procedures. Our objective was to study the association of low case volume and worse outcomes in pediatric heart transplant centers, taking the novel approach of including waitlist outcomes in the analysis. We studied a cohort of 6482 candidates listed in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for pediatric heart transplantation between 2002 and 2014; 4665 (72%) of the candidates underwent transplantation. Candidates were divided into groups according to the average annual transplantation volume of the listing center during the study period: more than 10, six to 10, three to five, or fewer than three transplantations. We used multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for waitlist and posttransplantation mortality. Of the 6482 candidates, 24% were listed in low-volume centers (fewer than three annual transplantations). Of these listed candidates in low-volume centers, only 36% received a transplant versus 89% in high-volume centers (more than 10 annual transplantations) (p < 0.001). Listing at a low-volume center was the most significant risk factor for waitlist death (hazard ratio [HR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5-5.7 in multivariate Cox regression and HR 5.6, CI 4.4-7.3 in multivariate competing risk regression) and was significant for posttransplantation death (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.0-1.6 in multivariate Cox regression). During the study period, one-fourth of pediatric transplant candidates were listed in low-volume transplant centers. These children had a limited transplantation rate and a much greater risk of dying while on the waitlist.
Pakistan's Nuclear Program: Laying the Groundwork for Impunity

While there are numerous histories of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program available (e.g. Bhutto 1979; F. Khan 2012a, 2012b; International Institute for Strategic Studies 2007; Corera 2006; Levy and Scott-Clark 2007; Salik 2009), in this chapter I make two modest interventions to the existing corpus. First, whereas conventional scholarship (inter alia Kapur 2007) presume Pakistan to be a covert nuclear power since 1990, I argue that Pakistan has been a covert nuclear power for much longer, perhaps since as early as 1979. Second, marshalling evidence from the U.S. National Security Archives, I show that India was very much aware of Pakistan’s nuclear developments throughout the 1970s and 1980s. These admittedly reserved alterations of the conventioal wisdom imply that scholars should reconsider how they view earlier conflicts between India and Pakistan such as Operation Brasstacks throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Whereas Cohen and others argue that Brasstacks was not a nuclear dispute because “Pakistan had not yet acquired a nuclear weapon,” the evidence I put forward here suggests that this crisis was, in fact, a nuclearized crisis (Cohen 2016, 250).
Quest : Twenty Years of Cultural Politics

The Indian Committee for Cultural Freedom (ICCF) began publishing the English-language journal Quest in 1955. Under the leadership of Nissim Ezekiel, Quest set high standards for the quality of its submissions. Indeed, Ezekiel and subsequent editors made valiant attempts to exert ‘a lasting influence on artists and intellectuals’ and to foster a cultural ‘revitalization’ of India. However, several factors, which included domestic Indian politics, poor journal sales and disputes between the ICCF and the leadership of the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF), militated against the journal’s success. Above all, Quest’s association with the US Central Intelligence Agency tainted the journal’s reputation.
Age- and sex-related differences in the presentation of paediatric migraine: A retrospective cohort study:

IntroductionAlthough migraine is a common headache complaint in children and adolescents there remains a significant gap in understanding the unique aspects of the disease in these age groups and t...
Two-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcome of an Infant Born at 21 Weeks’ 4 Days’ Gestation

Recent literature confirms that, at the lower limit of extrauterine survival, substantial intercenter variability exists in resuscitation practice. The reasons for this variability are unclear, but may be related to disagreement on how to apply the best interests standard to extremely premature infants. Currently, both obstetric and pediatric societies recommend against assessing for viability or attempting resuscitation before 22 weeks’ gestation. In this context, we report the unimpaired 2-year outcome of a female infant resuscitated after delivery at 21 weeks’ 4 days’ gestation and 410 g birth weight. She may be the most premature known survivor to date. This infant had multiple risk factors for adverse outcome, including prolonged mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and threshold retinopathy of prematurity. She achieved discharge from the hospital on low-flow oxygen at 39 weeks’ 4 days’ gestation and 2519 g. At 24 months’ and 8 days’ chronological age, she achieved cognitive, motor, and language Bayley III scores of 90, 89, and 88, equivalent to 105, 100, and 103 at 20 months 2 days corrected age. It is known that active intervention policies at 22 weeks’ gestation improves the outcome for those infants and it may be reasonable to infer that these benefits would extend, if to a lesser degree, into the 21st week. Ultimately, such limited data exist at this gestational age that the time may have arrived for obstetrical centers to begin systematically reporting fetal outcomes in the 21st week.
Technology case study: Virtual lifestyles and sustainable economic development

Abstract. The paper analyses the opportunity cyber space and virtual technologies provide for improvement of lifestyles of rural and urban poor in developing countries. The paper floats the term ‘virtual tourism’ that suggests that developing countries can connect with each other and the developed world through world wide web and provide opportunities of cultural, economic and social exchange between populations through development and facilitation of locally developed virtual applications and technologies that has partly created the social media outlets like face book and Twitter and commerce spaces like Amazon and Ali Baba. Keywords. Information technology, Sustainable development, Virtual tourism. JEL. F63, Q10, Q56.
A Test and Cross-Validation of the Factor Structure of the Engagement Versus Disaffection With Learning Instrument Among Middle School Students:

Factor analytic procedures were used to gather validity evidence on the internal structure of Skinner, Kinderman, and Furrer’s Engagement versus Disaffection With Learning measure to operationalize...
Ozone-induced eosinophil recruitment to airways is altered by antigen sensitization and tumor necrosis factor-α blockade.

Abstract Ozone is an atmospheric pollutant that causes lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Ozone9s effects occur in two distinct phases that are mediated by different populations of eosinophils. In the acute phase 1 day after exposure, mature airway‐resident eosinophils alter parasympathetic nerve function that results in airway hyperresponsiveness. At this time point, the severity of hyperresponsiveness correlates with the number of eosinophils in close proximity to airway nerves, but not with eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. Three days later, newly divided eosinophils are recruited to airways by a tumor necrosis factor‐ α ‐dependent mechanism. These new eosinophils paradoxically attenuate ozone‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Ozone9s effects on airway tissue eosinophils and nerve‐associated eosinophils 3 days after exposure are unknown. Thus, we tested ozone9s effects on eosinophils in airway subepithelium and around airway nerves 1 and 3 days after ozone in nonsensitized and ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea pigs with or without the tumor necrosis factor‐ α antagonist, etanercept, and compared changes in eosinophils with ozone‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness. More eosinophils were present in small, noncartilaginous airways and along small airway nerves compared to large cartilaginous airways in all treatment groups. The number of airway and nerve‐associated eosinophils were unaffected 1 day after ozone exposure, whereas significantly fewer airway eosinophils were present 3 days later. Airway and nerve‐associated eosinophils were also decreased in small airways 3 days after ozone in sensitized animals. These changes were blocked by etanercept. Airway eosinophils, but not nerve‐associated or bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness 3 days after ozone. Our findings indicate ozone causes persistent alterations in airway eosinophils and reinforce the importance of characterizing eosinophils’ effects within distinct airway compartments.
Polarization Effects in Binary [BMIM+][BF4–]/1,2-Dichloroethane, Acetone, Acetonitrile, and Water Electrolytes

Organic electrolytes are unique in that their constituent solvents may be of much lower dielectric strength than water. This is because the ions of organic electrolytes are often those that comprise room-temperature ionic liquids, which are surprisingly miscible with many different organic solvents of low dielectric strength. Strong ion correlation results from the relatively low dielectric screening of the solvent, resulting in properties that can substantially deviate from Debye–Huckel descriptions; in addition remains the fundamental question of why the ionic liquids and low dielectric solvents are even miscible in the first place. In this work, we study electrolyte mixtures composed of the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM+][BF4–] mixed with four solvents of systematically varying dielectric strength, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetone, acetonitrile, and water. We show that miscibility with the lowest dielectric solvent, dichloroethane, is directly attributed t...
Pediatric Neurovascular Disease

Pediatric cerebrovascular disease comprises a diverse set of rare but nevertheless impactful vascular abnormalities that, while similar in some respects to those conditions found in adults, often represent distinct entities with pathophysiology, associated risk factors, and prevention and treatment considerations unique to this patient population. In addition, despite their relative rarity, the clinical consequences in younger patients may be profound and long lasting, and the associated costs may be enormous. As such, an awareness of these lesions and their current treatments is of paramount importance. Advancements in microsurgical and endovascular approaches to pediatric cerebrovascular disease have significantly evolved. The rarity of these lesions and the difficulty in enrolling pediatric patients in controlled trials has made large-scale clinical trials difficult to accomplish, necessitating that the practitioner be adequately versed in the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions when caring for these patients. While this chapter endeavors to present a selection of important pediatric cerebrovascular lesions and disease processes, it cannot possibly describe the full breadth of cerebrovascular disease in such a small space, nor can it hope to present those entities it does discuss exhaustively.
Radiation Management: Patient and Physician

Ionizing radiation is a powerful tool that interventionalists use daily to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases. Since ionizing radiation potentially has deleterious effects for patients and those working in an angiographic suite several organizations advise on regulations for radiation protection. These rules are usually adopted by state and federal regulatory bodies. The International Commission of Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU) and the National Committee on Radiological Protection and Measurements (NCRP) are the two most accepted agencies in the United States.
Protein quality control in heart disease: using established drugs to target novel mechanisms.

The heart, along with other cells in the body, requires continuous protein synthesis and degradation, with protein turnover rates of approximately 2% per day. This dynamic process is highly regulated by protein quality control systems that identify and process damaged or misfolded proteins, which
“Old West” and “New West”: A Regional Perspective

As we documented in the preceding chapter, the Intermountain West region has experienced substantial and sustained demographic, social, economic, and cultural change for more than 30 years. These shifts have been so significant as to have led to a purported transformation from an Old West economy and culture to what has been coined the “New West” (Abbott et al. 1997; Nash 1993; Rudzitis 1993; Riebsame et al. 1997; Durrant and Shumway 2004; Rasker 1995; Robbins et al. 2009; Travis 2007; Wright et al. 2003).
Engineered Clays as Sustainable Oil Dispersants in the Presence of Model Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria: The Role of Bacterial Sequestration and Biofilm Formation

Particle stabilized emulsions provide an environmentally friendly alternative to the chemical dispersion of oil in the event of a spill over water. Mineral clay particles present in abundance in ma...
Safety of osimertinib plus chemotherapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

e21231Background: Osimertinib (osi) is a potent, CNS-penetrant 3rd-generation EGFR TKI. Though older TKIs did not add benefit to chemo (IMPRESS, Soria et al 2015), combining osi with chemo to prolo...
Experimental Demonstration of Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Using P-Band Satellite Signals of Opportunity

P-band Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) has great potential for remote sensing of root zone soil moisture (RZSM) from space. We have carried out a tower-based experiment with receivers to detect the reflected signals from the communications satellites at the Fraser Experimental Forests (FEFs), Colorado, in 2017. The measured reflectivity data at 260 MHz have a good correlation with in-soil moisture (SM) measurements. Retrieval of SM from the reflectivity data was also performed with results indicating accuracy of about 0.01 bias and 0.02 standard deviation (std) with respect to the average of SM in the upper 10 cm of soil. The experimental data and retrieval analyses lend support to the use of P-band SoOp for the remote sensing of SM. Our data also indicate the limitation of single frequency observations, suggesting the requirement of multiple frequencies to enable RZSM remote sensing because the surface SM plays a critical role on the change of reflectivity even at P-band frequencies.
Acute Visual Disturbances

The visual pathways traverse more than one-third of the brain, explaining why visual function is frequently affected by intracranial lesions and a wide range of neurological disorders. Visual disturbances such as monocular or binocular visual loss, visual hallucinations and diplopia may reveal a neurological disorder. Correct interpretation and evaluation of these visual changes may prevent further devastating neurological complications.
Size Scaling of Contaminant Trace Metal Accumulation in the Infaunal Marine Clam Amiantis umbonella.

Size scaling of the accumulation of four trace metals was examined in the infaunal clam Amiantis umbonella in Kuwait Bay. In clams of varying shell length (2.5–5 cm), soft tissue growth in A. umbonella from a contaminated site was inhibited compared with clams from a less contaminated reference site. Body burdens of all four metals were positively correlated with clam soft tissue wet weight, but for Cd, Cu, and Pb, correlations were stronger in clams from the contaminated site (r2 = 0.6–0.9, p < 0.001) than the reference site (r2 = 0.2–0.3, p < 0.002). Scaling factors for the accumulation of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the soft tissues of A. umbonella from both sites were not significantly different than 1, indicating that clams accumulated these metals in proportion to growth with little regulation. The scaling factor of Hg in clams from the contaminated site also was 1 but was 0.5 and 2.4 for high and low Hg accumulating subpopulations of clams from the reference site, respectively. The greater retention of Hg with respect to growth in clams from the reference site than from the contaminated site requires further investigation to determine differences in Hg bioavailability at the two sites and the form of Hg these clams accumulate.
Assessing the Rate of Antipsychotic Use in Ambulatory Care Patients With a Venous Thromboembolism

Background: Evidence regarding the use of antipsychotics and associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk is inconclusive. Studies finding a relationship lack in-depth analysis; thus, the VTE risk among those treated with antipsychotic remains largely unknown. Objectives: The primary objective of this investigation was to compare the incidence of antipsychotic use in patients who developed a VTE versus those who did not. Methods: Data were collected via retrospective chart review from an ambulatory care clinic between January 2012 and August 2017. All active clinic patients within the study period were included unless they met the following criteria: age <18 years, pregnancy within the study period, and/or current or historical malignancy. The odds ratio (OR) of developing a VTE was determined using multivariate regression analysis controlling for age, gender, obesity, and smoking. Secondary end points were reviewed for participants who were exposed to an antipsychotic and subsequently developed a VTE within the study period. Results: A total of 7079 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 314 developed a VTE. Of these, 45 were exposed to an antipsychotic prior to VTE development. Nearly 25% of patients receiving an antipsychotic did not have a primary psychiatric diagnosis. Results suggest that antipsychotic use was significantly associated with increased risk of VTE development (OR = 1.481 [95% CI = 1.067 to 2.055]). Conclusion and Relevance: The results of this study suggest an association between antipsychotic use and VTE development. This association should be considered when prescribing antipsychotics and treating patients who develop a VTE after antipsychotic exposure.
Android Mobile App Development as a Motivation towards Computer Programming

This paper demonstrates the results of an experimental study that was conducted to explore the effect of Android mobile development on students’ interest in programming and on their interest in pursuing computing degrees. It also tries to explore if there is any relationship between mobile app sharing on Google Play and students’ interest in mobile development. The posttest survey data were collected from college students at the end of an Android course. This paper also introduces a new assessment tool that was developed using two theoretical frameworks. The results suggest that Android development could increase students’ interest in programming.
NOx-catalyzed deep oxidation of toxic chloroorganics by dioxygen : possible application in environmental remediation

At 400–650°C, NOx catalyzes the deep oxidation by dioxygen of a wide range of toxic chloroorganics, including some of the most ubiquitous environmental contaminants, to carbon oxides, water, and inorganic chloride. The catalyst, NOx, is not consumed in the reactions. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reactions are initiated by an atom abstraction from the substrate by NO2.
“It’s a Battle for Information”: Mau Mau as the Boogeyman of Decolonization

This paper sought to place a collection of newsreels from Pathe News about the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya into the historical narrative of the revolt. The current understanding of the Mau Mau has not included a comprehensive discussion of the coverage of the group and the way that news of the revolt shaped the history that follows it. What was observed throughout the reels was an increasingly hostile propaganda campaign against the Mau Mau. This stronger rhetoric coincided with greater atrocities committed by the British as the war dragged on. The main findings of the paper were that the Mau Mau became a kind of “boogeyman” for the British about the dangers of decolonization, as well as the way that the news about the revolt served to paint the revolt in explicitly racist terms. The Mau Mau play an important role in the history of Kenya, and collections like that of Pathe News help to illuminate the narrative that the British developed for the independence struggle.
Behavior notwithstanding: Person perception and news photographs of the two leading candidates in the 2016 presidential election:

Applying person perception theory, this research uses quantitative content analysis to analyze 1,183 newspaper photographs of the two leading candidates from the 2016 presidential election. Study f...
The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on bronchiolitis severity in children with Down syndrome.

Abstract Objectives Acute bronchiolitis commonly causes respiratory failure in children ≤2 years, and is particularly severe in those with Down syndrome (DS). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), common in DS, is also associated with respiratory complications. However, it is unknown whether OSA is associated with worse outcomes in children with and without DS, hospitalized with bronchiolitis. We hypothesized that in children with bronchiolitis, OSA is associated with worse outcomes in those with DS, independent of DS-related comorbidities. Methods Hospital discharge records of children with bronchiolitis aged ≤2 years were obtained for 1997–2012 from the Kid's Inpatient Database. The primary outcome was invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and secondary outcomes were non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), length of hospital stay, and inflation-adjusted cost of hospitalization (IACH). Multivariable regression was conducted to ascertain the associations between OSA and primary and secondary outcomes accounting for DS-associated comorbidities. Results There were 928,961 hospitalizations for bronchiolitis. The DS group with bronchiolitis (n = 8697) was more likely to have OSA [241 (2.77%) vs 1293 (0.14%), p Conclusions OSA is independently associated with assisted ventilation in all children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, regardless of DS-associated comorbidities in those with DS. The severity of bronchiolitis in children with DS may be driven by the high prevalence of OSA.
Building to conserve: Quantifying the outdoor water savings of residential redevelopment in Denver, Colorado

Abstract Outdoor water use represents up to half of total urban water demand in many semi-arid and arid cities and presents a climate adaptation challenge in urban centers. As indoor efficiency and reuse improves, outdoor use amounts to an increasingly large portion of consumptive urban water demand. Infill development, or the redevelopment of single-family properties to more dense multi-family and mixed-use developments, is a growing trend in urban planning; however, the influences of infill on outdoor water demand are poorly understood. The current work utilizes a remote sensing-based methodology to calculate parcel-scale irrigation rates in Denver, Colorado and applies a novel resampling methodology to model the impacts of redevelopment on outdoor water use. Results for 2018 showed irrigation rates varied by almost 250 mm between park and commercial land uses, and mean single-family irrigation rates of 224 mm exceeded multi-family rates by 70 mm. In the Berkeley neighborhood, modeled redevelopment of 1,347 single-family parcels (39.5%) resulted in a 102,000 m3 (83 acre-feet, or 30.2%) reduction in outdoor use. Citywide analyses indicate reductions of 141,000 m3 (114 acre-feet, or 0.76%) of residential outdoor use per one percent increase in redeveloped single-family parcels. These savings are equivalent to new annual supply for 181 four-person households and may provide significant contributions towards climate adaptation. Results highlight the importance of the continued integration of land use and water supply for demand management within the urban planning process.
Mobile Robotics: Mathematics, Models, and Methods

Mobile Robotics offers comprehensive coverage of the essentials of the field suitable for both students and practitioners. Adapted from Alonzo Kelly's graduate and undergraduate courses, the content of the book reflects current approaches to developing effective mobile robots. Professor Kelly adapts principles and techniques from the fields of mathematics, physics, and numerical methods to present a consistent framework in a notation that facilitates learning and highlights relationships between topics. This text was developed specifically to be accessible to senior level undergraduates in engineering and computer science, and includes supporting exercises to reinforce the lessons of each section. Practitioners will value Kelly's perspectives on practical applications of these principles. Complex subjects are reduced to implementable algorithms extracted from real systems wherever possible, to enhance the real-world relevance of the text.
The Single Client Resonance Model: Beyond Rigor and Relevance

Once a message meets the criteria of rigor and relevance, it may still fail to inform a client if it lacks resonance: the ability to impact client mental models. To achieve resonance with an individual client involves issues beyond the nature of the message itself. Filters that can interfere with resonance include informational, cognitive, risk/time preference, motivational, and visceral (e.g., emotions, moods). These are found to operate differently at different levels of structural complexity. As a consequence, the nature of the challenges faced when informing a single client can vary considerably depending upon the client’s existing base of knowledge, psychological state, and the nature of the informing to be accomplished. The types of informing challenges likely to be encountered as a consequence of these filters—and how these challenges may be addressed—are examined with the goal of identifying what needs to be understood about the client in order to inform effectively.
Birth order, motor performance, and maternal influence.

Abstract The effects of birth order on the motor performance of six- and seven-year-old children and on mothers' and children's aspirations for future performance were examined. First- and second-born boys and girls (N = 24) and their mothers (N = 24) were tested on a low harm-anxiety task (rolling a ball for accuracy) and a high harm-anxiety task (jumping from heights up to 6 ft). First-borns performed better (i.e., more consistently) than second-borns (p > .05) on the low harm-anxiety task, and mother's aspirations for her first-born child and that child's aspirations for himself on that task were significantly higher than those for second-borns. In contrast, second-borns displayed significantly greater physical risk in the high harm-anxiety task, and these children and their mothers expressed significantly higher aspirations than those expressed for first-born children. These findings are discussed in relation to varying patterns of mother-child interaction.
Some Theoretical Aspects of the Privatization: Applications to Eastern Europe (*)

If we were to seek a date at which socialism ceased to be viewed as a viable alternative to capitalism we have look before the emancipation of the Eastern European countries in 1989. Besides, their rejection of socialism was as much a politcal statement, a rejection of an economic system which had been forced upon them by an occupier, as it was a statement about a belief in an alternative ideology. We must look, I think, to the privatizations within France beginning in the early 1980s, by an avowedly socialist government, reversing a pattern of nationalization which that government had instituted by a few short years before. There were inklings that the faith in the socialist ideology may have been crumbling in the years before: Papandreu, another avowed socialist, took as one of the main goals of his government the socialization of the nationalized enterprises≫, recognizing explicitly that the older view, that nationalizing an enterprise would ensure that the goals of the enterprise would be coincdent with ≪national interest≫, however that was defined, had no basis in reality, at least in the context of Greece.
Regulated Folding of Tyrosinase in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Demonstrates That Misfolded Full-Length Proteins Are Efficient Substrates for Class I Processing and Presentation

Short-lived protein translation products have been proposed to be the principal substrates that enter the class I MHC processing and presentation pathway. However, the biochemical nature of these substrates is poorly defined. Whether the major processing substrates are misfolded full-length proteins, or alternatively, aberrantly initiated or truncated polypeptides still remains to be addressed. To examine this, we used melanoma in which one-third of wild-type tyrosinase molecules were correctly folded and localized beyond the Golgi, while the remainder were present in the endoplasmic reticulum in an unfolded/misfolded state. Increasing the efficiency of tyrosinase folding using chemical chaperones led to a reduction in the level of substrate available to the proteasome and decreased the expression of a tyrosinase-derived epitope. Conversely, in transfectants expressing tyrosinase mutants that are completely misfolded, both proteasome substrate and epitope presentation were significantly enhanced. Proteasome substrate availability was a consequence of misfolding and not simply due to retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, the extent of folding/misfolding of a full-length protein is an important determinant of the level of epitope presentation.
Economic incentives to achieve convergence of user and system optima

Distinction between user optimum and system optimum is a well-known phenomenon in traffic modeling. Although the difference between the two optima in real situations is usually not very large, the achievement of system optimum has been a problem to traffic authorities who do not have absolute control of traffic. With the advent of intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS) technologies, economic incentives (and disincentives) can be used to achieve the convergence of user and system optima without coercion. This possible application of IVHS technologies are illustrated through two numerical examples. The general case of the simpler example is examined to provide an insight to some surprising results, including the constant difference of total travel times between user and system optima as traffic volume increases. The examples also serve to indicate technical, informational, and economic requirements for practical implementation. Broader implications in terms of acceptability and system architecture are also discussed. >
On a new approach to the analysis of stationary inventory problems

The intent of this paper is to demonstrate that the theory of stationary point processes is a useful tool for the analysis of stationary inventory systems. In conventional inventory theory, the equilibrium distributions for a specified inventory policy are obtained, whenever possible, by recursive or limiting procedures, or both. A different and more direct approach, based on stationary point processes, is proposed here. The time instants at which stock delivery is effected are viewed as points of the stationary point process, which possesses uniform statistical properties on the entire real axis; hence the equilibrium statistics of the inventory process can be calculated directly. In order to best illustrate this approach, various examples are given, including some that constitute new results.
Integrated thermal infrared imaging and structure-from-motion photogrammetry to map apparent temperature and radiant hydrothermal heat flux at Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA

Abstract This work presents a method to create high-resolution (cm-scale) orthorectified and georeferenced maps of apparent surface temperature and radiant hydrothermal heat flux and estimate the radiant hydrothermal heat emission rate from a study area. A ground-based thermal infrared (TIR) camera was used to collect (1) a set of overlapping and offset visible imagery around the study area during the daytime and (2) time series of co-located visible and TIR imagery at one or more sites within the study area from pre-dawn to daytime. Daytime visible imagery was processed using the structure-from-motion photogrammetric method to create a digital elevation model onto which pre-dawn TIR imagery was orthorectified and georeferenced. Three-dimensional maps of apparent surface temperature and radiant hydrothermal heat flux were then visualized and analyzed from various computer platforms (e.g., Google Earth, ArcGIS). We demonstrate this method at the Mammoth Mountain fumarole area on Mammoth Mountain, CA. Time-averaged apparent surface temperatures and radiant hydrothermal heat fluxes were observed up to 73.7 °C and 450 W m − 2 , respectively, while the estimated radiant hydrothermal heat emission rate from the area was 1.54 kW. Results should provide a basis for monitoring potential volcanic unrest and mitigating hydrothermal heat-related hazards on the volcano.
Insulin response of peripheral nerve. II. Effects on lipid metabolism.

Abstract 1. 1. The incorporation of [14C]glucose and acetate into lipids of isolated rabbit sciatic nerve has been studied. 2. 2. Insulin influenced both glucose and acetate incorporation. 3. 3. Unlabelled glucose decreased the incorporation of 14C-labelled acetate. 4. 4. Nerves from diabetic animals failed to respond to insulin in showing increased acetate incorporation into lipid. 5. 5. When insulin provoked an increase in labelled acetate, the bulk of the label was found in the triglyceride, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid fractions.
Installation Effects of Controlled Modulus Column Ground Improvement Piles on Surrounding Soil

AbstractThe installation of foundations and ground improvement systems alters soil stresses affecting their soil-structure interaction and behavior under vertical loading. The installation effects have been investigated for several foundation types, especially for driven piles; however, experimental full-scale investigations of drilled displacement piles are very limited. This paper focuses on investigating the short-term installation effects of controlled modulus columns (CMCs) using an instrumented full-scale field test unit. The soil was instrumented using push-in pressure sensors (PS) and shape acceleration arrays (SAAs) to monitor the evolution of soil horizontal stresses, pore water pressures, and lateral displacements during installation and vertical load test. These sensors were installed at approximately 1D, 2D, 3D, and 4D from the outside surface of the CMC shaft, where D is the diameter of the CMC. The measurements presented in this paper clearly show that the soil experienced an increase of ho...
The tools and techniques of effective change management

Purpose – Equips leaders with tools and techniques to lead change effectively. Design/methodology/approach – Explains various aspects of change leadership, including the characteristics of change leaders, and outlines a blueprint to effect change successfully. Findings – Argues that change requires a new mind-set, tool-set and skill-set. Lists some of the reasons for resistance to change. Practical implications – Highlights the differences between change and growth and considers the implications of these. Social implications – Seeks to justify the need to change in the current global business environment. Originality/value – Concludes that change is imperative for an organization to succeed in the modern business environment.
Nonlinear upconversion interferometry

We experimentally demonstrate the phase coherence of the upconversion process by upconverting time-bin states produced using two unbalanced Michelson interferometers.
D-buddy peer support for better health outcomes in adolescents with diabetes mellitus

Aim Diabetes can be demanding and burdensome causing emotional distress. Non-adherence to treatment and self-care management can affect diabetes outcomes and quality of life. Peer support can play an important role in better psychological adjustment to diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate improvement in Quality of Life (QOL), Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) and glycaemic control in adolescents with diabetes
Sustained Pyridoxine Response in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 Recipients of Kidney Alone Transplant

Combined liver kidney transplant is the preferred transplant option for most patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) given that it removes the hepatic source of oxalate production and improves renal allograft survival. However, PH1 patients homozygous for the G170R mutation can develop normal urine oxalate levels with pyridoxine therapy and may be candidates for kidney alone transplant (KTx). We examined the efficacy of pyridoxine therapy following KTx in five patients homozygous for G170R transplanted between September 1999 and July 2013. All patients were maintained on pyridoxine posttransplant. Median age at transplant was 39 years (range 33-67 years). Median follow-up posttransplant was 8.5 years (range 0.2-13.9 years). At the end of follow-up, four grafts were functioning. One graft failed 13.9 years posttransplant due to recurrent oxalate nephropathy following an acute medical illness. After tissue oxalate stores had cleared, posttransplant urine oxalate levels were <0.5 mmol/24 h the majority of times checked. Calcium oxalate crystals were noted in only 3/13 allograft biopsies. This series suggests that a subgroup of PH1 patients demonstrate sustained response to pyridoxine therapy following KTx. Therefore, pyridoxine combined with KTx should be considered for PH1 patients with a homozygous G170R mutation.