cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of ribonucleic acids isolated from Botryodiplodia theobromae pycnidiospores

Nucleic acids isolated from dormant and germinated Botryodiplodia theobromae pycnidiospores contain five distinct species of RNA. They include two ribosomal species, two “ribosomal-associated” species and transfer RNAs. Sedimentation coefficients of 25.1S and 18S were obtained for the two ribosomal RNA species and 5.8S and 5S for the two “ribosomal-associated” RNA components. Molecular weights of 1.20, 0.67, 0.054 and 0.035x106 daltons were obtained after formaldehyde treatment and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels for these same four RNAs. Methylated nucleotides were present in the transfer RNAs and large and small ribosomal RNAs; in contrast 5.8S and 5S RNAs contained few methylated nucleotides. In addition to the 5 distinct RNA species, polyadenylate-containing RNA was isolated from both dormant and germinated spores.
Advances in dual algorithms and convex approximation methods

A new algorithm for solving the duals of separable convex optimization problems is presented. The algorithm is based on an active set strategy in conjunction with a variable metric method. This first order algorithm is more reliable than Newton's method used in DUAL-2 because it does not break down when the Hessian matrix becomes singular or nearly singular. A perturbation technique is introduced in order to remove the nondifferentiability of the dual function which arises when linear constraints are present in the approximate problem.
A Unique Growth Factor in Patients with Acromegaloidism

Acromegaloidism is a syndrome characterized by features of acromegaly without biochemical evidence of excessive GH or somatomedin production. We searched for a growth factor in the serum of patients with this syndrome. Growth-promoting activity was measured by determining the stimulatory effect of whole and fractionated serum on colony formation by human erythroid progenitors in vitro. Sera from five subjects with acromegaloidism gave a mean (+/- SEM) stimulated colony growth of 211 +/- 4.0 colonies, in contrast to normal sera which yielded a mean colony growth of 100 +/- 11.0 (n = 9; P less than 0.001). When serum was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-200 column, the maximal stimulation of colony growth was found in the fractions coinciding with the descending slope of the second protein peak. Based on gel filtration chromatography, the estimated molecular weight was 70,000 daltons. Epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor resulted in no substantial stimulation of colony growth under the conditions used. Although the erythroid progenitor cells of a Laron dwarf were unresponsive to 200 ng/ml human GH, they were clearly stimulated by serum from a patient with acromegaloidism. The present study describes the presence of a heretofore unidentified growth factor in the serum of subjects with acromegaloidism. This factor also stimulated the erythroid precursor cells of a Laron dwarf whose cells were unresponsive to GH. The physiological role of this growth factor in normal man as well as its pathogenic role in subjects with acromegaloidism remain to be established.
The Ballistic Method of Ionization Measurement With A Quadrant Electrometer

In the ballistic use of an electrometer, for ionization measurements, the chamber is exposed to rays for a predetermined time, and the reading ordinarily taken is that of the electrometer after it stops swinging. The present method, more strictly ballistic, is to read the farthest point of swing. This not only saves time, but avoids serious complications from insulation leakage. The validity of this method depends on four conditions: (1) linearity of the differential equation of motion; (2) its homogeneity, except for the term proportional to the ionization; (3) initial conditions, deflection and velocity zero; (4) constancy of exposure time. (4) is readily satisfied; (3) and (2) demand cancellation of natural ionization by a constant opposite current; (1) is the most questionable. The present tests, on an electrometer of 12 seconds period with exposures from 2 to 40 seconds, demonstrate the possibility of satisfying all these conditions, so that the strictly ballistic method has no systematic errors large enough to detect in the presence of a 1% erratic error. For large deflections, ballistic applications of a potentiometer show departures of about 1% from linearity, but even then, calibration by the potentiometer enables this electrometer to compare ionization currents accurately.
Nonlinear integer goal programming models for acceptance sampling

Abstract Two lexicographic goal programming models are developed for determining the optimal sample size and acceptance number for acceptance sampling plans in quality control. Both models address the conflicting criteria inherent in such sampling problems, namely the average lot inspection cost and the average outgoing quality. The first model assumes a known constant lot fraction defective, while the second relaxes this assumption and instead assumes knowledge of a prior distribution on the fraction of defectives. A three-phase algorithm is developed which exploits the problem structure in order to find optimal solutions after examining a small percentage of the feasible sampling plans. On a set of 64 test problems the algorithm always found the optimal solution, typically after evaluating only 3–5% (and never more than 9%) of the feasible points.
Hydrogenation of GaAs MISFETs with Al2O3 as the gate insulator

A GaAs MISFET with Al 2 O 3 formed by the wet oxidation of AlAs as the gate oxide is reported. It is observed that hydrogenation treatment proves to be effective in reducing the state density at the Al 2 O 3 /GaAs interface due to removal of excess arsenic, which is a possible cause of interface states in this system
Male-female differences in elderly arrests: An exploratory analysis

An analysis of the arrest statistics reveal that there are more differences in arrests between elderly males and females than between males and females in the general population. For example, females have a proportionally higher share of arrests for major crimes than for minor ones; and that statistic holds more for elderly females than for the younger female population. The female share is higher in major property offense arrests than in major violent offense arrests. In addition, several other arrest patterns based on age and sex were found. The issue of differential handling of females and the elderly by law enforcement agencies could not be dealt with sufficiently using these statistics, although it could be inferred from some arrest patterns that elderly females might have been handled more leniently than others where minor offenses were concerned.
Heparin and dextran sulfate antagonize PGI2 inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Abstract Heparin at concentrations used clinically inhibits the anti-aggregating effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Inhibition is dose-dependent and is related to the concentration of the prostaglandin. Aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, arachidonate, and the ionophore A23187 is not inhibited by concentrations of PGI2 which prevent aggregation in the absence of heparin. Doubling the PGI2 concentration overcomes the heparin antagonism, while further raising the heparin dose restores the antagonism of PGI2 activity. Heparin acts immediately, and is effective even if added after platelet exposure to PGI2. Dextran sulfate, but not neutral dextrans, have similar action. Both heparin and dextran sulfate reverse the platelet inhibitory effect of supernatant fluids from stimulated endothelial cell monolayers which contain PGI2. It is possible that some of the unusual adverse effects of heparin therapy may in part relate to the heparin antagonism of vascular PGI2.
Phosphatidylinositol 3–Kinase Inhibitor Failed to Reduce Cerebral Vasospasm in Dog Model of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose — Phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase (PI3-kinase) is involved in smooth muscle contraction induced by growth factors and/or G protein–coupled receptor agonists. To evaluate the role of PI3-kinase in the pathogenesis of delayed vasospasm, we applied 2 PI3-kinase inhibitors to an established canine double-hemorrhage model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods — Twenty-four dogs underwent double blood injections via the cisterna magna on days 0 and 2. The dogs were killed on day 7. Dogs were treated with either vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide), wortmannin, or LY294002 once per day on day 2 through day 6. Angiography was performed before blood injection and before the dogs were killed. The basilar arteries were collected for morphology, Western blot analysis, and PI3-kinase activity. Results — The residual diameter of the basilar arteries in the dimethyl sulfoxide treatment group, which was compared with day 0 angiogram, decreased markedly on day 7 (the percentage of the residual diameter was 47.8±0.8%). Wortmannin and LY294002 did not significantly change residual diameter on day 7. Both PI3-kinase inhibitors abolished PI3-kinase activity compared with the vehicle treatment group. However, both PI3-kinase inhibitors failed to significantly attenuate PI3-kinase protein expression (Western blot) ( P >0.05, ANOVA). Conclusions — Delayed treatment, which was to mimic the clinical situation, with PI3-kinase inhibitors failed to reverse vasospasm. PI3-kinase may not play an important role in the delayed vasospasm. The possible effect of PI3-kinase inhibitors in the early stage of vasospasm was not investigated in the present study.
The role of perceived risk in pricing strategy for industrial products: a point‐of‐view perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this research paper is to examine the role corporate and individual risk (from the point of view of the pricing manager) plays in developing pricing strategies.Design/methodology/approach – Managerial professionals in two graduate business programs were used to assess riskiness associated with pricing strategies. Grounded in attribution theory, t‐tests were used to compare the different types of risk associated with the various pricing strategies.Findings – The findings suggest that pricing managers will view risk from different perspectives (i.e. corporate and individual) and that this “point of view” should have an impact on the pricing strategies selected.Research limitations/implications – Research limitations include the use of graduate students in lieu of actual pricing managers. However, this research is a first step in examining the different perspectives of risk that may be taken by managers.Practical implications – Pricing managers and organizations alike should be made ...
Recovery of hollow spherical particles with two different densities from coal fly ash and their characterization

Abstract The extraction of hollow spherical particles i.e., ‘cenosphere’ from coal fly ash and their industrial applications have been extensively increased in the recent years. The unique properties of cenospheres (e.g., light weight, high compressive strength, superior insulation, enhanced flow characteristics, less water absorption, chemical inertness, good thermal resistance, etc.) make them amenable to a wide range of industrial applications. Hollow spherical particles of different density and particle sizes are available in markets for various applications. The analysis of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of these particles is important as these properties influence the quality of a product. Cenospheres of different densities vary in their physico-chemico-mineralogical properties. In the present study, distilled water is used as the medium for extracting light weight particles from fly ash i.e., floaters or cenosphere of density less than 1.0 g/cc; while Lithium Metatungstate (LMT) solution of density 1.5 g/cc is used as the medium for extracting floaters or cenosphere of density greater than 1.0 g/cc and less than 1.5 g/cc. The Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) has been used for the analysis of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of floaters or cenospheres. The results show that percentage of hollow spherical particles or cenosphere is much more with densities between 1.0 and 1.5 g/cc as compared to the cenosphere having densities less than 1.0 g/cc. The particle sizes of the cenospheres of two different densities were similar but the average shell thickness of density 1.282 g/cc was little higher as compared to density 0.857 g/cc.
Acting lesson with robot: emotional gestures

In this video, real-life acting professor Matthew Gray tutors Data the Robot (a Nao model) to improve his expression of emotion via Chekhov's Psychological Gestures. Though the video narrative is fictional and the robot actions pre-programmed, the aim of the dramatization is to introduce an acting methodology that social robots could use to leverage full body affect expressions. The video begins with Gray leading Nao in traditional human actor warm-up exercises. Next, Gray shows Data a video of his students practicing Chekhov psychological gestures [4][11]. Finally, Data tries out some ‘push’ gestures himself. By pairing the ‘push’ gesture with text, the viewer is intended to unconsciously associate the words with an outpouring of emotion. Finally, Data's programmer, Knight, arrives to pick up the robot from his lesson, “until next time.” This video playfully introduces full-body emotional gestures. The benefit of such movement-based full-body expressions is that they do not necessarily require a robot to have human-like facial expressions nor humanoid form to be effective (though the interplay of psychological gesture with multi-modal expressions could provide fertile terrain for future research). Instead, these full-body motions are translations of an actor's motive/intent that suffuse the whole form (e.g. expansion, sluggishness, lightness). We note that there are various schools of physical theater dedicated to understanding movement [5]. Related investigations in the robotics world that have applied acting method or practice to social robot design or architecture also include [2][3][6][7][8][9][10]. As Blaire writes about in her text on acting and neuroscience [1], the discovery of mirror neurons in our brain have led some dramaturges to theorize that audience members simulate the gestures of the performers through their own neural circuitry for interpretation. If so, full body gestures may be able to tap into our emotional experience in a uniquely human way. We hope this will be the first of several spirited demonstration videos that explore intersections wherein human acting methodologies might benefit the development of robot non-verbal expressions.
How to extend sampling-oscilloscope versatility

A recently developed sampling-oscilloscope system consists of some 20 different kinds of units?some plug-ins, some self-contained instruments?which can be used together in literally hundreds of functional configurations. However, rather than giving detailed descriptions of these units, this article approaches the subject by discussing five specific applications in which this measurement system offers a particular advantage.
Perceptions of Influence in Managerial Dyads: The Role of Hierarchy, Media, and Tactics

Relationships among dyadic structure, the influence tactics used by managers, the communication media they employ, and perceived influence success were investigated in a field study. Surveyed managers (n = 139) responded to questions about their patterns of communication and influence with respect to a single other individual in the organization. Dyadic relationship (upward, downward, or horizontal) affected influence tactics and media usage; these behaviors in turn were found to be selectively related to influence success, depending on the dyadic relationship between agent and target of influence.
A Process-Based Application of State-and-Transition Models: A Case Study of Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Encroachment

Abstract A threshold represents a point in space and time at which primary ecological processes degrade beyond the ability to self-repair. In ecosystems with juniper (Juniperus L. spp.) encroachment, ecological processes (i.e., infiltration) are impaired as intercanopy plant structure degrades during woodland expansion. The purpose of this research is to characterize influences of increasing juniper on vegetation structure and hydrologic processes in mountain big sagebrush–western juniper (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. vaseyana [Rydb.] Beetle–Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) communities and to identify and predict states and thresholds. Intercanopy plant cover and infiltration rates were sampled in relation to juniper canopy cover. Study plots, arranged in a randomized complete-block design, represented low shrub–high juniper, moderate shrub–moderate juniper, and high shrub–low juniper percentage of canopy cover levels at four primary aspects. In field plots, percentage of plant cover, bare ground, and s...
Electoral Experience, Institutional Quality and Economic Development in Latin America

In a panel of 18 Latin American countries from 1900 to 2007, we test the degree to which institutions and geography affect country income. Using a new instrument, we find strong evidence that both institutions and geography are important determinants of country income. However, the penalty for economically unfavourable geography is much smaller than the potential benefits from good institutions. The coefficient estimates do not vary significantly when there are changes in the number of countries included in the analysis; the results for institutions are robust to the inclusion of country-fixed effects.
Morphological aspects of ciliary motility.

In Elliptio complanatus lateral cilia, two distinct patterns of filament termination can be discerned. In one case, all nine filaments are present and all are single; in the second, at least one filament is missing but doublets are still present. These probably represent different configurations within one cilium in different stroke positions; to get from one to the other, some peripheral filaments must move with respect to others. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the filaments themselves do not change length, but rather slide past one another to accommodate increasing curvature. The bent regions of the cilium are in the form of circular arcs. In a few cases, apparent displacement of filaments at the tip (Δl) can be shown to be accounted for if we assume that all differences are generated within these arcs. The displacement per degree of bend is 35 A. Regions of bent arc are initially confined to the base of the cilium but move up the shaft as straight regions appear below them. From the relationship between arc length and radius of curvature, a shaft length that is the unit that initially bends and slides may be defined. Quantal displacements of the length of one 14S dynein may perhaps occur at sites between filaments at opposite sides of such a unit as sliding occurs.
Developing content‐valid selection procedures: What every HPT and HRD professional should know

To be useful to both human resources development professionals and human performance technology (HPT) practitioners, the process for developing validated employee selection instruments must also be user friendly. By following the procedures outlined in this study, user-friendly pre-employment tests can be developed that are also fair and content valid. HPT knowledge and support of these procedures will greatly increase the efficiency of the selection process and ensure that the organizational performers are selected according to standardized criteria.
Towards a quantification of disorder in materials: Distinguishing equilibrium and glassy sphere packings

This paper examines the prospects for quantifying disorder in simple molecular or colloidal systems. As a central element in this task, scalar measures for describing both translational and bond-orientational order are introduced. These measures are subsequently used to characterize the structures that result from a series of molecular-dynamics simulations of the hard-sphere system. The simulation results can be illustrated by a two-parameter ordering phase diagram, which indicates the relative placement of the equilibrium phases in order-parameter space. Moreover, the diagram serves as a useful tool for understanding the effect of history on disorder in nonequilibrium structures. Our investigation provides fresh insights into the types of ordering that can occur in equilibrium and glassy systems, including quantitative evidence that, at least in the case of hard spheres, contradicts the notion that glasses are simply solids with the "frozen in" structure of an equilibrium liquid. Furthermore, examination of the order exhibited by the glassy structures suggests, to our knowledge, a new perspective on the old problem of random close packing.
Light impurity transport at an internal transport barrier in Alcator C-Mod

Density profiles for a light impurity, boron, are reported for internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges in Alcator C-Mod. During the ITB, the light impurity gradient steepens because the impurity pinch increases relative to diffusion. The ITB-induced impurity profile steepening is at approximately the same major radius as that for the main-ion profile. Neoclassical transport does not describe the light impurity profiles but transport is closer to neoclassical in the ITB region. In previous work on C-Mod, profiles of seeded heavy impurities (introduced by puffing) peaked during the ITB, but a marked difference between transport of heavy and light impurities has been reported for other tokamaks. With the addition of light impurity profiles described here, the ITB on C-Mod is shown to share additional profile traits with the ITB on other tokamaks. This confirms that the macroscopic features of the C-Mod ITB are similar to those on other devices although it leaves open the details of the onset of the ITB.
Capabilities of Low-Power Wireless Jammers

In this paper, motivated by the goal of modeling the fine-grain capabilities of jammers for the context of security in low-power wireless networks, we experimentally characterize jamming in networks of CC2420 radio motes and CC1000 radio motes. Our findings include that it is easy to locate J (relative to S and R) and choose its power level so that J can corrupt S's messages with high probability as well as corrupt individual S's bits with nontrivial probability. Internal jammers are however limited in at least two ways: One, it is hard for them to prevent R from detecting that it has received an uncorrupted message from S. And two, the outcome of their corruptions are not only not deterministic, even the probabilities of corrupted outcomes are time-varying. We therefore conclude that it is hard to predict the value resulting from colliding S's messages (bits) with J's messages (bits) and, conversely, to deduce the value sent by S's or J's from the corrupted value received by R.
Characterization of correlated equilibria in stochastic games

A general communication device is a device that at every stage of the game receives a private message from each player, and in return sends a private signal to each player; the signals the device sends depend on past play, past signals it sent, and past messages it received. An autonomous correlation device is a general communication device where signals depend only on past signals the device sent, but not on past play or past messages it received. We show that the set of all equilibrium payoffs in extended games that include a general communication device coincides with the set of all equilibrium payoffs in extended games that include an autonomous correlation device. A stronger result is obtained when the punishment level is independent of the history.
A Universal Feedback Controller for Discontinuous Dynamical Systems Using Nonsmooth Control Lyapunov Functions

The consideration of nonsmooth Lyapunov functions for proving stability of feedback discontinuous systems is an important extension to classical stability theory since there exist nonsmooth dynamical systems whose equilibria cannot be proved to be stable using standard continuously differentiable Lyapunov function theory. For dynamical systems with continuously differentiable flows, the concept of smooth control Lyapunov functions was developed by Artstein to show the existence of a feedback stabilizing controller. A constructive feedback control law based on a universal construction of smooth control Lyapunov functions was given by Sontag. Even though a stabilizing continuous feedback controller guarantees the existence of a smooth control Lyapunov function, many systems that possess smooth control Lyapunov functions do not necessarily admit a continuous stabilizing feedback controller. However, the existence of a control Lyapunov function allows for the design of a stabilizing feedback controller that admits Filippov and Krasovskii closed-loop system solutions. In this paper, we develop a constructive feedback control law for discontinuous dynamical systems based on the existence of a nonsmooth control Lyapunov function defined in the sense of generalized Clarke gradients and set-valued Lie derivatives.
Blind Wiener filter estimation for multi-channel systems based on partial information

In a multi-user system where training is not available, blind channel identification and equalization become essential. We present anew method that utilize second order statistics for channel parameter estimation and optimum filtering. The identification algorithm is simple and relies on an outer-product decomposition and partial information of the desired signal channel. It allows the identification of individual user channels for which partial information is known under a specific condition. An optimum receiver structure can then be established for the desired signal channel.
Surveying the Race Concept: A Reply to Lieberman, Kirk, and Littlefield

Leonard Lieberman, Rod Kirk, and Alice Littlefield report a significant decrease over the past 20 years in the percentage of physical anthropologists who support the race concept, while Matt Cartmill concludes that use of this concept did not decline during that period among anthropologists who study modern human variation. Neither study contradicts the other, since the two used different definitions and sampled different populations. More extensive sampling of the literature and more reliable survey techniques are needed to resolve the issue, [Keywords: race, history of ideas, biological anthropology]
Determination of motion breakpoints in a task sequence from human hand motion

This paper describes the authors' work on the temporal segmentation of grasping task sequences based on human hand motion. The segmentation process results in the identification of motion breakpoints separating the different constituent phases of the grasping task. A grasping task is composed of three basic phases: pregrasp phase, static grasp phase, and manipulation phase. The authors show that by analyzing the fingertip polygon (preshape) area and the speed of hand movement, they can divide a task into meaningful action segments such as approach object, grasp object, manipulate object, place object, and depart. The authors introduce a measure called the volume sweep rate, which is the product of the fingertip polygon area and the hand speed. The profile of this measure is also used in the determination of the task breakpoints. The temporal task segmentation process is important as it serves as a preprocessing step to the characterization of the task phases. Once the breakpoints have been identified, further analyses such as grasp recognition and object motion extraction can then be carried out. >
Methane Hydrate Dissociation by Depressurization in a Mount Elbert Sandstone Sample: Experimental Observations and Numerical Simulations

A preserved sample of hydrate-bearing sandstone from the Mount Elbert Test Well was dissociated by depressurization while monitoring the internal temperature of the sample in two locations and the density changes at high spatial resolution using x-ray CT scanning. The sample contained two distinct regions having different porosity and grain size distributions. The hydrate dissociation occurred initially throughout the sample as a result of depressing the pressure below the stability pressure. This initial stage reduced the temperature to the equilibrium point, which was maintained above the ice point. After that, dissociation occurred from the outside in as a result of heat transfer from the controlled temperature bath surrounding the pressure vessel. Numerical modeling of the test using TOUGH+HYDRATE yielded a gas production curve that closely matches the experimentally measured curve.
Origins of the Public/Private Theory of Legal Systems

In this paper, published as a chapter in Private Law: Key Encounters with Public Law (Kit Barker and Darryn Jensen, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2014), I develop a model of legal systems from very basic conceptions of public and private institutions. From the bare understanding of a public as a group of humans with at least one common project, I build the theory block by block, showing the fit of each with some of the great theoretical advances of the 20th century, including those of Holmes, Hohfeld, H.L.A. Hart, and Robert Cover. I arrive at a picture of legal systems as a union of institutions and information, together governing a public’s coercive resources. The theory makes clear the conceptual roles of Contract Law, Tort Law, Criminal Law, Constitutional Law, and Procedure and offers both a rich descriptive picture of law’s basic template and an institutional calculus with immediate normative consequences. The purposes of the paper are to serve as an introduction to the public/private theory, to connect that theory to other work in jurisprudence, and to lay the groundwork for a more general and encompassing theory currently in progress.
Prostatitis revisited: new definitions, new approaches.

Chronic prostatitis is an important health care problem. Patients suffer lower genital tract symptoms, especially pain complaints [1], that result in substantially decreased quality of life [2]. This article briefly reviews the epidemiology and sickness impact of prostatitis syndromes. Attention is then directed to the classification of prostatitis syndromes, comparing and contrasting the traditional classification of prostatitis syndromes with the new consensus classification. Finally, research initiatives related to the renewed interest in these conditions are considered. Epidemiology and sickness impact From 1978 to 1979, prostatitis accounted for approximately 25% of outpatient visits for genitourinary complaints [3]. Prostatitis was a diagnosis in 2 to 7 million visits annually from 1990 to 1996, including 8% of urology visits and 1% of all primary care visits [4,5]. The overall prevalence rate of prostatitis was 9%, similar to rates of ischemic heart disease and diabetes [6]. A recent review of epidemiologic studies found that the prevalence of prostatitis-like symptoms (defined variously) in US populations ranged from 3% to 16% (among health care professionals) [7]. In non-US populations, the prevalence of prostatitis-like symptoms was similar, ranging from 2% to 14%. Although the precise prevalence is uncertain, available data suggest a 2% to 10% prevalence of prostatitis-like symptoms among adult men. Depending on the definition, this may range as high as 15% to 16%. Patients with chronic prostatitis have a quality of life similar to that of patients with myocardial infarction, angina, or Crohn’s disease [8]. Men
Predictions of the High Reynolds Number Dispersion Asymptotic Regime Based on Turbulence Measurements in Porous Media

Turbulent porous media flows are encountered in man-made systems such as catalytic bed reactors and advanced heat exchangers. Dispersion experienced by a scalar in these flows play an essential role in the overall efficiency and performance of these systems. In an effort to understand turbulent flows in such complex geometry, time resolved PIV measurements in a refractive index matched porous bed were made. Pore Reynolds numbers, Repore, based on hydraulic diameter, DH, and pore average velocity, Vint, were varied from 839–3964. Pore scale structures such as high momentum jet-like regions and recirculation regions are documented to exist within individual pores. The existence and distribution of these structures is found to vary from pore to pore. The heterogeneity in transport properties introduced due to these structures can be accounted for in estimating transport properties using the method of volume averaging. Eddy viscosity maps and mean velocity field maps, both obtained from PIV measurements, along with the method of volume averaging were used to predict the asymptotic longitudinal dispersion coefficient versus Reynolds number. Asymptotic values of longitudinal dispersion compare well to existing correlations. The role of molecular diffusion was explored by varying the Schmidt number in volume averaged governing equations for tracer transport and it was found that the dispersion coefficient was dictated by the interaction of wandering tracer with recirculation regions.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Do Syndicated Loan Borrowers Tradeoff Real Activities Manipulation with Accrual-Based Earnings Management?

Following the studies of Ahn and Choi (2009) and Cohen and Zarowin (2010), we examine the tradeoff between alternative earnings management mechanisms among syndicated loan borrowers. The syndicated loan market bridges the private and public fixed-income markets and provides borrowers with an alternative to high yield bonds and illiquid bilateral commercial bank loans. It provides much-needed credit to borrowers, yet we know little about the earnings management tradeoffs — especially among syndicate borrowers. Using a propensity score matched sample between 1988 and 2006, we find evidence of downward discretionary accruals and a negative abnormal cash flow from operations around the origination of syndicated loans. We predict that while syndicated loan borrowers are likely to manipulate accounting earnings, they draw more heavily on accrual-based earnings management (AEM) than on Real Activities Manipulation (RAM). Our results show income decreasing discretionary accruals and negative abnormal cash flow from operations around syndicated loan origination. Further analysis suggests that syndicate lenders’ monitoring mechanisms — such as reputable lenders, number of syndication, loan size and loan maturity — are significantly associated with the documented earnings management practices. Additionally, the observed income decreasing discretionary accruals and negative abnormal cash flow from operations are negatively associated with the cost of debt.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BACK STRENGTH-PERFORMANCE INDICES

ABSTRACT The main thrust of this study is to relate disorders of the lumbar spine to its mechanics and to establish strength testing procedures that can identify those individuals who are at risk for these disorders. An isokinetic-isometric testing procedure was designed, and groups of normal subjects and patients with disorders were tested. A biomechanical analysis was performed on several parameters of back strength assessment to develop the performance indices.
The Disintegration of N 14 and N 15 by Deuterons

A mixture of ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$ gas has been bombarded with deuterons of 1 Mev and the disintegration particles observed at right angles to the direction of the deuteron beam. The ranges of the disintegration particles were measured by means of a shallow ionization chamber and pulse amplifier. The shortest measurable range was 2.1 cm (15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, 760 mm Hg). The reaction ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}(d,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ gave rise to one group of alpha-particles at 5.25 cm range with a $Q$ value of 7.54 Mev. Three groups of alpha-particles (11.97 cm, 6.54 cm and 3.47 cm range) were observed arising from the reaction ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(d,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{C}}^{12}$. The $Q$ values corresponding to these three groups are 13.39 Mev, 9.02 Mev and 5.77 Mev, respectively. From the reaction ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(d,p){\mathrm{N}}^{15}$ two valid groups of protons were observed having ranges of 90.5 cm and 21.02 cm with $Q$ values of 8.51 Mev and 3.15 Mev. The ranges given above are from a single measurement and the $Q$ values are the average of the results of several measurements. A group at 66 cm previously reported due to this reaction was found to be due to boron contamination. No proton groups were found which could be attributed to the reaction ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}(d,p){\mathrm{N}}^{16}$, although a radioactivity of half-life 9.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 sec. was found to result from deuteron bombardment of the mixture of ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$. This radioactivity was not found when ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ alone was bombarded. A method of range measurement is described which allows accurate corrections to be made for the effect of chamber depth and of the bias on the grid of the counting thyratron on the output of the pulse amplifier.
Anatomy of a local mental health program: a case history.

The evolution of a local mental health program, of which the author was director from inception in 1963 until 1967, is described. Issues and approaches explored in the effort to develop a sound conceptual and practical basis on which to institute the first component of a comprehensive mental health program are outlined.
MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS FOLLOWING ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION IS GREATER AMONG PERSONS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS THAN UNINFECTED CONTROLS

Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have greater risks for myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death (SCD) than the general population. Associations between coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial fibrosis - a mediator of SCD - in the setting of HIV are unknown. We hypothesized
Ultrasound Phased Array for High Acoustic Attenuation Thick Composite Materials

Composite materials and structures are increasingly being applied in aerospace, marine, and wind power industries, as well as in commercial products. One main reason for the scientific interest in composite materials is their tailorable mechanical properties. However, because of the fiber-direction-dependent nature of its physical and mechanical properties, composite material’s property and failure behaviors are usually complex, typically involving various mechanisms depending on applications. Nondestructive testing plays a key role during composite fabrication and maintenance in service. Among the variety of nondestructive techniques available, ultrasound phased array technique has emerged as a promising new approach. Unlike a conventional ultrasound single element transducer, an ultrasound phased array sensor can control and focus acoustic energy to the desired directions and locations. This heightened flexibility and sensitivity is essential given complex shape of modern composite structures. Despite such promise, understanding and application of ultrasound phased array technique is limited due to the anisotropic nature of composite materials, as well as its high acoustic attenuation. Attenuation and velocity dispersion are the two major challenges to the ultrasound evaluation of composite structures; these two factors complicate the control of phased array ultrasound propagation both theoretically and experimentally. This is especially true for thick high attenuation carbon fiber or glass fiber composite materials that have been widely applied in aerospace and wind turbine industries.In our study, ultrasound phased array technique was applied to increase the acoustic penetration power in high acoustic attenuation composite materials. First, ultrasound phased array signal in isotropic materials was studied to calibrate the probe parameters. Then for composite materials, the dependence of ultrasound field on the number of active elements, steering angles, beam focusing laws and on the characteristics of materials was analyzed and optimized through theoretical simulations and experimental evaluations. Results showed that the steering angles and the parameters of beam focusing laws might change the ultrasound beam intensity and uniformity, which had a significant influence on the sensitivity and resolution of the technique; the anisotropic properties of composite materials could distort the ultrasound beam, which made the calibration a necessary and important procedure during practical inspections. The influence of ultrasound frequency and beam angle were also quantitatively evaluated. The proposed research has the potential to apply ultrasound phased array technique to the detection of defects in composite materials and the evaluation of composite structural health. The study of the interaction between ultrasound and composite structures will open the window for the successful application of ultrasound phased array technique.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Brief paper: An approximation to optimal modal control

An approximation to the optimal modal control in terms of the first, lowest, mode of the distributed system is proposed. It is assumed that the modes occur with different probabilities and the expected value of the usual cost functional is minimized. The piecewise modal approximation as introduced in this paper is optimal for the lowest mode, and approximately optimal for other modes. The overall expected value is still close to the optimal due to the heavy weight put on the lowest mode. Simulation results on a perfectly conducting string stressed by an electric field are presented.
41 ATYPICAL WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS PRESENTING AS LACRIMAL GLAND ENLARGEMENT AND OPHTHALMIC VENOUS OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION CAUSING SECONDARY GLAUCOMA IN A MAN WITH A PRIOR PAROTIDECTOMY.

Purpose of Study Report occurrence of Wegener9s granulomatosis presenting as ophthalmic venous outflow obstruction causing secondary glaucoma in a man with a prior parotidectomy. Methods Used Retrospective case study. Summary of Results A 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus presented with a red, painful eye. The patient denied dry eyes or dry mouth and otherwise felt well. There was no weight loss, fever, or night sweats. A year earlier, he had had left parotidectomy, which showed nonspecific chronic inflammation. On examination, the intraocular pressure was elevated, and there was episcleral injection, suggesting orbital or ophthalmic venous obstruction causing glaucoma. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits showed prominence of the left lacrimal gland and subtle signs of venous congestion bilaterally. Biopsy showed a benign lymphoepithelial lesion with prominent chronic inflammation between acini and ducts, composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils without granulomata. Later the patient complained of sinus congestion. CT of the sinuses showed septal deviation to the left and enlarged inferior turbinates. There were no intranasal lesions. A Schirmer9s test showed no xerophthalmia, and the oral mucosa was normal. The antiproteinase 3 antibody was > 6 (positive), suggestive of Wegener9s granulomatosis. The antinuclear antibody was weakly positive at 1:40, speckled; the anti-smRNP antibody was 9 (equivocal). The rheumatoid factor was negative. The anti-dsDNA, antimyeloperoxidase, anti-Smith, and SS-A (anti-Ro) and SS-B (anti-La) antibodies were negative; the angiotensin-converting enzyme was within normal limits. Despite therapy with prednisone, the patient developed uveitis and scleritis in both eyes and ultimately responded to therapy with oral cyclophosphamide. The patient was well and chose to stop therapy after 3 years. Conclusions Systemic vasculitis may present with tumor-like lesions.1 Retro-orbital pseudotumors, scleritis, and unilateral parotid enlargement are known Wegener9s manifestations.2,3 The present patient had unilateral parotitis, acute glaucoma secondary to orbital venous outflow obstruction, lacrimal enlargement, and, later, uveitis reflecting regional inflammation. The anti-proteinase 3 antibody suggested Wegener9s granulomatosis. 1. Medicine 2000;79:349-59. 2. Mayo Clin Proc 1990;65:1110-7. 3. Laryngoscope 2004;114:1730-3.
Evaluation on effectiveness of the new trinity TB control network in Wujin District of Changzhou

Objective To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the new TB control network in Wujin District of Changzhou.Methods The five rates(i.e.,reporting,transfer treatment,tracking,system management and screening of patient's family members)were compared and evaluated for patients during 3years before and after the new network launched.Results After the new network established(from 2009to 2011),the five rates were 99.96%,99.46%,99.04%,98.98% and 9.97%,respectively,which were all obvious higher than that before the new network was established from 2006to 2008(99.23%,86.62%,95.26%,84.30%and 91.70%)during 2009-2011.Conclusion The new TB control network was effective to improve TB prevention in Wujin District,rates on reporting and transfer treatment improved significantly to perfect management on TB.
THE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF NEW FRP-TENDON ANCHORAGE TO HIGH STRENGTH CFRP TENDON

Basing on the technology of finite element and numerical analysis,aiming at the new anchorage for FRP post-tensioning tendon as the study object,this article studies the basic mechanics capability of CFRP tendon and it's anchorage system in different angle between the barrel and wedge,and in different length of the anchorage,as well as in different friction coefficient between the sleeve and CFRP tendon when the anchorage clamping the CFRP tendon.So that it can provide academic reference for researching and exploiting the high strength CFRP-tendon anchorage.
Behavior problems and children's academic achievement: A test of growth-curve models with gender and racial differences

The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between externalizing and internalizing behavior and children's academic achievement, particularly in terms of whether these variables varied as a function of gender and race. Data pertaining to externalizing and internalizing behavior, academic achievement, gender, and race from three waves of the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 2028) were used. Results indicate that behavior problems had a negative relationship with academic performance and some of these associations endured over time. Externalizing behavior impacted reading scores more negatively for females compared to males at baseline, but the impact of externalizing behavior on long-term reading outcomes did not vary by gender. Externalizing behavior impacted reading scores more negatively for Black children than White children at multiple points in time. Differences between males, females, Black, and White children concerning behavior and achievement are explained. Implications, limitations, and ideas for future research are also presented.