cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Varying Relative Degradation Rates of Oil in Different Forms and Environments Revealed by Ramped Pyrolysis

Degradation of oil contamination yields stabilized products by removing and transforming reactive and volatile compounds. In contaminated coastal environments, the processes of degradation are influenced by shoreline energy, which increases the surface area of the oil as well as exchange between oil, water, sediments, microbes, oxygen, and nutrients. Here, a ramped pyrolysis carbon isotope technique is employed to investigate thermochemical and isotopic changes in organic material from coastal environments contaminated with oil from the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Oiled beach sediment, tar ball, and marsh samples were collected from a barrier island and a brackish marsh in southeast Louisiana over a period of 881 days. Stable carbon (13C) and radiocarbon (14C) isotopic data demonstrate a predominance of oil-derived carbon in the organic material. Ramped pyrolysis profiles indicate that the organic material was transformed into more stable forms. Our data indicate relative rates of stabilization i...
The Development of Coccophagus Gossypariæ Gahan, A Parasite of the European Elm Scale.

While working on the biology of the European elm scale ( Gossyparia spuria Modeer) during the spring of 1924 some males were found that appeared to be parasitized. This condition was first noticed while the male coccids were still in the second larval stage although their cocoons had already been formed. Upon dissecting some of the parasitized individuals each was found to contain a pale cream-white hymenopterous larva, apparently about ready to pupate. Their feces had been voided and lay about them in the form of flat black plates. In order to get an idea of the percentage of parasitism counts were made of a number of males. An examination of 163 coccids showed that 47 (28.83%) of them were parasitized. A few days later hymenopterous pupae were dissected from some of the male coccids. Measurements of a number of these pupae showed them to be about 1.2 mm. in length and 0.54 mm. in width. The general color of the pupa is black although the thorax and the abdomen are slightly lighter than the head and have a somewhat greenish tinge. On the ventor, the thorax and the abdomen are much lighter, the latter being a pale greenish-white but with a dark area at the caudal end. It was noticed that the pupa usually lies with its head at the posterior end of its host's body though some were found in a reverse position.
Inelastic Scattering of Radicals at the Gas–Ionic Liquid Interface: Probing Surface Dynamics of BMIM–Cl, BMIM–BF4, and BMIM–Tf2N by Rovibronic Scattering of NO [2Π1/2(0.5)]

Quantum state resolved inelastic collision dynamics at the gas–room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) interface have been explored by scattering of an NO projectile beam, with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection yielding detailed distributions in vibrational, rotational, and spin–orbit degrees of freedom. Collision energies are varied by seeding 1% NO in either first run Ne (70% Ne/30% He, 2.7(9) kcal/mol) or pure H2 (20(6) kcal/mol), with the incident NO beam skimmed and colliding at 45° with respect to the surface normal. At E = 2.7(9) kcal/mol, NO scattering in the 2Π1/2 state is well characterized by a rotational Boltzmann distribution equilibrated with the surface temperature, characteristic of trapping desorption (TD) collision dynamics. At higher collision energy (E = 20(6) kcal/mol), however, significant rotational excitation is observed, suggesting impulsive scattering (IS) dynamics where desorption occurs before the species has achieved full thermal equilibration with the surface. NO scatte...
Synthesis of the Antihemorrhagic Vitamin by Bacteria

Fish meal and rice bran which have been exposed to the action of microorganisms contain the antihemorrhagic vitamin-K.1 This factor has also been demonstrated in the feces of chicks on a K-free diet.2 The present work is a preliminary investigation of the production of the vitamin by bacterial synthesis.It was again found that the putrefaction of ether-extracted, K-free fish meal was accompanied by the formation of appreciable amounts of a fat-soluble, antihemorrhagic substance. Several different types of bacteria were present in the putrefied material. An organism producing a similar putrefaction was isolated in pure culture∗ and inoculated to wet, sterile, ether-extracted fish meal. As a control, a similarly prepared uninoculated fish meal was used. Following 10 days'incubation, when a strongly putrid odor had been developed in the inoculated sample, the material was extracted while still moist by shaking with ether. The ethereal extract, the extracted residue, and the sterile control fish-meal sample w...
Understanding the Economics of Waste: Drivers, Policies, and External Costs

This survey reviews the economics literature on solid waste published since 2000. This survey also summarizes the results of the lifecycle literature estimating the magnitudes of the external marginal cost of waste disposal and the external marginal benefit associated with recycling. The external marginal cost of landfill disposal is found to be rather small. The external marginal benefit of recycling certain materials is found to be comparatively large. If these estimates are true, then conditions at solid waste landfills and incinerators may no longer be the driving source of market failure in the industry. Instead the sizable external benefits associated with recycling some materials may explain the need for policy.
Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: Case series and updated review of the literature with an emphasis on urologic management

Abstract Introduction Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis (MMIHS) is a rare disorder characterized by distended nonobstructed bladder, microcolon, and decreased intestinal peristalsis. MMIHS has a particularly poor prognosis; however, when appropriately managed, survival can be prolonged. Study design A systematic review (1996–2016) was performed with the key words "megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome." In addition, a case series of four patients is presented as well as algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of MMIHS. Results 135 patients with MMIHS were identified in the literature. 73% (88/121) of the patients were female, 65% underwent diagnostic biopsy (64/99), and 63% (66/106) were identified with prenatal imaging. The majority of patients were treated with TPN as well as gastrostomy or ileostomy and CIC, however 15% (18/116) received multivisceral or intestinal transplant, and 30% (22/73) had a vesicostomy. The survival rate was 57% (68/121). Conclusion Appropriate management of MMIHS patients is crucial. An enlarged, acontractile bladder in a child with bowel motility problems should be considered diagnostic. Bladder distension can be managed with CIC or vesicostomy in addition to prophylactic antibiotics if frequent urinary tract infections are present. These patients often require gastrostomy or ileostomy as well as total parenteral nutrition. This management has led to significant improvement in survival rates.
System Dynamics Modeling of Indium Material Flows under Wide Deployment of Clean Energy Technologies

Abstract Clean energy technologies represent a promising solution to the global warming challenge. Many clean energy technologies, however, depend on some rare materials and concerns have been raised recently. Indium is one of these materials as it is critical for two emerging energy applications, that is, Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) photovoltaics (PV) and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting. This study analyzes the supply and demand of indium under different energy and technology development scenarios using a dynamic material flow analysis approach. A system dynamics model is developed to capture the time-changing stocks and flows related to supply and demand of indium over a 50-year time period, while considering carrier metal (i.e. zinc) production, price elasticity of demand, and indium usage in other applications (mainly liquid crystal display). Simulation results indicate that a shortage on indium is likely to occur in a short time period even under favorite case of indium supply. The rapid expansion of CIGS technology dominates indium demand in about 14 years, which outruns the growth of zinc mine production (thus indium supply). Sensitivity analysis suggests that model parameters related to solar PV market penetration, CIGS technology advancement, and price elasticity of indium demand have large effects on the total indium demand over simulation period. Eight scenarios combining projections on solar PV market growth, technology advancement, and zinc mine production are explored. It is observed that only under conservative estimates of solar PV market growth there is relatively enough indium supply to support the deployment. Even in these scenarios a shortage may occur toward the end of simulation.
Reforming for “all” or for “some”: Misalignment in the discourses of education reformers and implementers

The ways in which the language of reformers intersects with and informs reform implementation is important to our understanding of how education policy impacts practice. To explore this issue, we employed critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyze the language used by a 21 st century skills-focused reform organization to promote its program alongside the language that local actors used to explain its implementation. We examined source materials, field notes, interview data, and publicly available organizational data collected over a five-year period to critically examine how discourse 1) illustrated alignment between the stated and implicit audience for the school reform program and 2) shaped subsequent implementation. Analyses suggest the reform organization promoted itself through a discourse that all students in all reform schools were being prepared for college, career, and civic life. There was a significant misalignment, however, in the discourses regarding the appropriate student audience for the reform. Local actors questioned whether the reform program 1) was suitable for all students and 2) provided necessary supports for all students in all schools. This misalignment led to uneven implementation and resulted in some educators dismissing the goals of the program as unrealistic. Given that educational agencies have considerable freedom to choose among diverse reform programs, our analysis suggests it is important to understand the discourses through which reform organizations advertise models, implementers justify adoption, and educators respond.
Differential Expression of Hem1 and CTLA-4 in B-CLL Patients with High and Low CD38 Expression.

Abstract B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common leukemia in the elderly with heterogeneous clinical outcome. Rai stage, immunoglobulin heavy chain mutation status, Zap-70 expression, CD38 expression and chromosome abnormalities are used as prognostic markers. Among these, CD38, a differentiation marker of T lymphocytes, has been reported to have a role in B-CLL pathogenesis. High CD38 expression is associated with an unfavorable clinical course with advanced disease stage, poor responsiveness to therapy, short time to first treatment, and shorter survival, whereas B-CLL patients with low CD38 expression required minimal or no treatment, remained treatment free for longer time and had better survival. However, the molecular basis for the association of CD38 expression and clinical course of B-CLL patients is not known. Therefore, in this study we classified 35 B-CLL patients into CD38 high (>30%) and CD38 low ( Download : Download high-res image (68KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (64KB) Download : Download full-size image
Learning by doing, High Performance Computing education in the MOOC era ☆

Abstract The High Performance Computing (HPC) community has spent decades developing tools that teach practitioners to harness the power of parallel and distributed computing. To create scalable and flexible educational experiences for practitioners in all phases of a career, we turn to Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs). We detail the design of a unique self-paced online course that incorporates a focus on parallel solutions, personalization, and hands-on practice to familiarize student–users with their target system. Course material is presented through the lens of common HPC use cases and the strategies for parallelizing them. Using personalized paths, we teach researchers how to recognize the alignment between scientific applications and traditional HPC use cases, so they can focus on learning the parallelization strategies key to their workplace success. At the conclusion of their learning path, students should be capable of achieving performance gains on their HPC system.
Cost-effective management of pelvic fracture urethral injuries.

To compare the cost-effectiveness of various treatment strategies in the management of pelvic fracture urethral injuries using decision analysis. Five strategies were modeled from the time of injury to resolution of obstructed voiding or progression to urethroplasty. Management consisted of immediate suprapubic tube (SPT) placement and delayed urethroplasty; primary endoscopic realignment (PER) followed by urethroplasty in failed patients; or PER followed by 1–3 direct vision internal urethrotomies (DVIU), followed by urethroplasty. Success rates were obtained from the literature. Total medical costs were estimated and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were generated over a 2-year follow-up period. PER was preferred over SPT placement in all iterations of the model. PER followed by a single DVIU and urethroplasty in cases of failure was least costly and used as the referent approach with an average cost-effectiveness of $17,493 per unobstructed voider. The ICER of a second DVIU prior to urethroplasty was $86,280 per unobstructed voider, while the ICER of a third DVIU was $172,205. The model was sensitive to changes in the success rate of the first DVIU, where when the probability of DVIU success is expected to be less than 32% immediate urethroplasty after failed PER is favored. Management of pelvic fracture urethral injuries with PER is the preferred management strategy according to the current model. For those who fail PER, a single DVIU may be attempted if the presumed success rate is >32%. In all other cases, urethroplasty following PER is the preferred approach.
Metal Ion Complexes of N,N′-Bis(2-Pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane-N,N′-Diacetic Acid, H2bpcd: Lanthanide(III)–bpcd2– Cationic Complexes

The synthesis and characterization of N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N′-diacetic acid (H2bpcd) cationic complexes of La(III), Nd(III), and Sm(III) are reported. The Ln(III)–bpcd2– complex ions, where bpcd2– stands for N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N′-diacetate, were isolated as PF6– salts. These salts were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray crystallography, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Binuclear [La2(bpcd)2(H2O)2]2+ crystallized from an aqueous solution in the monoclinic P21/c space group as a cocrystallate with Na2bpcd and NaPF6, nominally Na2.34[La1.22(C22H26N4O4)2(H2O)2][PF6]2·2H2O, with a = 11.3343(6) A, b = 17.7090(9) A, c = 15.0567(8) A, β = 110.632(3)°, and Z = 4 (Z′ = 2). La is eight-coordinate with distorted dodecahedral coordination geometry provided by a N4O4 donor atom set. In addition to four N atoms from the bpcd2– ligand, La’s coordination sphere includes O atoms from a water molecule and three acetate groups (one O atom f...
A prospective feasibility trial of a novel intravascular catheter system with retractable coiled tip guidewire placed in difficult intravascular access (DIVA) patients in the Emergency Department

The primary study objective was to evaluate insertion success rates. Secondary objectives included patient satisfaction, procedure time, complication rates, completion of therapy and dwell time of the novel AccuCath® 2.25″ Blood Control (BC) Catheter System (FDA approved) placed in difficult-access patients. This was a single-arm feasibility trial evaluating the AccuCath® 2.25″ BC Catheter System in a convenience sample of DIVA patients defined as at least two failed initial attempts or a history of difficult access plus the inability to directly visualize or palpate a target vein. All enrolled patients were 18 years of age or older. A total of 120 patients were enrolled. These patients had an average of 3.7 and median of 3 prior attempts at vascular access prior to AccuCath placement. Successful access was gained in 100% of the patients, 77% on the first attempt and all within three attempts; 88.5% of patients completed therapy, with the remaining 12.5% experiencing minor complications that required discontinuation of the catheter. The average patient satisfaction score on a 5-point Likert scale was highly positive at 4.6. Preliminary results show that the AccuCath® 2.25″ BC Catheter System has excellent success rates in gaining vascular access in an extremely difficult patient population. The device did not lead to any significant complications. Patients were also very satisfied with the procedure.
Eimeria maricopensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Arizona cotton rat Sigmodon arizonae Mearns (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in central Arizona, USA.

Eimeria maricopensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from 2 of 15 (13%) Arizona cotton rats Sigmodon arizonae Mearns in Arizona, USA. Sporulated oocysts of this new species are ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 20-28 × 16-22 (24.9 × 19.2) µm, with a smooth, bi-layered wall; both micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but fragmented polar granule material is present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 11-14 × 6-8 (12.9 × 7.0) µm, with a Stieda body, sub-Stieda body, and sporocyst residuum; sporozoites are elongate with a spheroidal anterior refractile body and a subspheroidal posterior refractile body. In addition, sporulated oocysts of Eimeria sigmodontis Barnard, Ernst & Dixon, 1974, Eimeria tuskegeensis Barnard, Ernst & Dixon, 1974 and Eimeria webbae Barnard, Ernst & Dixon, 1974 are described from S. arizonae. This is the first report on the coccidia of S. arizonae.
High-speed nano-polarimetry for real-time plasmonic bio-imaging

Plasmonic nanoparticles are excellent nonbleaching probes for bio-imaging. Due to their anisotropic properties, polarization analysis of individual nanoparticles allows for revealing orientational information, plasmon mode assignment, and the local microenvironment. Previous implementations utilize mechanical rotation of conventional polarizers to align the polarization angles with specific axes of nanoparticles. However, the manufacturing defects of the polarizer (e.g., non-parallelism) limit the measurement stability (e.g., beam wobbling) in polarimetric imaging, while the mechanical rotation limits the measurement speed, and thus hinders accurate, real-time acquisition of individual nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate a high-speed nano-polarimetric system for stable plasmonic bio-imaging by integrating our voltage-tunable polarizer (VTP) into a microscope. The angular rotation of the polarization (0∼π) can be realized by applying voltage on the VTP. We show that our voltage-tunable system offers high extinction ratio (∼up to 250), and uniform transmission (∼55p) over a large input power range (<5% deviation for input power from 50 μW to ∼20 mW). Meanwhile, the transmission polarization can be rapidly tuned with a response time up to 50 ms. Compared to conventional polarizers, our system is able to provide reproducible and high-speed polarimetric images of individual nanoparticles with sub-pixel spatial precision. Such a polarimetric nanoimaging system could be a useful tool for real-time single nanoparticle bio-imaging with both high stability and time resolution.
HIITE: HIV-1 incidence and infection time estimator.

Motivation Around 2.1 million new HIV-1 infections were reported in 2015, alerting that the HIV-1 epidemic remains a significant global health challenge. Precise incidence assessment strengthens epidemic monitoring efforts and guides strategy optimization for prevention programs. Estimating the onset time of HIV-1 infection can facilitate optimal clinical management and identify key populations largely responsible for epidemic spread and thereby infer HIV-1 transmission chains. Our goal is to develop a genomic assay estimating the incidence and infection time in a single cross-sectional survey setting. Results We created a web-based platform, HIV-1 incidence and infection time estimator (HIITE), which processes envelope gene sequences using hierarchical clustering algorithms and informs the stage of infection, along with time since infection for incident cases. HIITE's performance was evaluated using 585 incident and 305 chronic specimens' envelope gene sequences collected from global cohorts including HIV-1 vaccine trial participants. HIITE precisely identified chronically infected individuals as being chronic with an error less than 1% and correctly classified 94% of recently infected individuals as being incident. Using a mixed-effect model, an incident specimen's time since infection was estimated from its single lineage diversity, showing 14% prediction error for time since infection. HIITE is the first algorithm to inform two key metrics from a single time point sequence sample. HIITE has the capacity for assessing not only population-level epidemic spread but also individual-level transmission events from a single survey, advancing HIV prevention and intervention programs. Availability and implementation Web-based HIITE and source code of HIITE are available at http://www.hayounlee.org/software.html. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
“But how do you show that in a film?” Absence, Cartographic Anxiety, and Geographic Realism through the Landscapes of Akira Kurosawa’s Dersu Uzala

In the last decade, postphenomenological landscape studies and cultural geographies of absence have brushed sides long enough for us to consider the roles of presence and absence in our understandi...
From Tikhie to Gromkie: The Discursive Strategies of the Putin-Era Auteurs

Abstract The Putin-era filmmakers sometimes referred to as the Russian “New Wave” or “Novye tikhie” (“New Quiets”) explore sensitive social issues while Russian society and culture are subject to increasing, soft-authoritarian ideological controls that (in contrast with the late Soviet period) rely on circumscription rather than coercion. This article examines the paradoxes arising from this, and the artistic and discursive strategies used by these auteurs, from avoidance of taboos, to Aesopian, highly encoded texts, to overt confrontation. It considers recent films by Boris Khlebnikov, Andrei Zviagintsev, Iurii Bykov, and others, engaging theories of Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, and Jose Munoz, in terms of hegemonic and counter-discourses.
Computational Thinking Through Game Creation in STEM Classrooms

Our research uses game creation and play to explore methods for computational thinking assessment and practice in mathematics classrooms. We present the first iteration of this research that aims to evaluate the feasibility of using game creation with high school students. Students designed math-related games, modified the game to incorporate technology, then visually depicted the technological behavior in a finite state machine diagram (FSMD). We found that students were able to create math-related games, meet the constraints given for game creation, and design logical FSMDs. These findings preliminarily suggest that game creation can be used as a method for students to practice CT.
The Mind's Machine: Foundations of Brain and Behavior

The Mind's Machine: Foundations of Brain and Behavior is an introductory neuroscience textbook that provides an insightful and unique exploration of how thought and action are linked with brain function. The book defines the biological basis of behavior by connecting the philosophical history of neuroscience with recent innovations in our understanding of how the brain works. The book's two neuroscientist authors, Dr. S. Marc Breedlove (Michigan State University) and Dr. Neil V. Watson (Simon Fraser University), frame neuroscience within a historical context that is likely to increase the interest and engagement of students regardless of prior exposure to the biological sciences. The Mind's Machine is remarkable in several ways. First, the breadth of topics covered, from cell structure to consciousness, is a major strength of the 453-page text. Additionally, the layout of the book is easily understandable and inviting for the beginning scientist and dabbling college student alike. The authors provide ample visual and interactive features that clarify the bulk of the information found in the text. These include figures, diagrams, and “visual summaries” provided at the ends of chapters, as well as a companion website at www.mindsmachine.com. Clearly written and well-organized, the book is an ideal introduction to neuroscience. The strengths of The Mind’s Machine far outweigh the weaknesses. It is worth noting that, perhaps because it is written by neuroanatomists, the text is slightly lacking in molecular and physiological detail. Additionally, the authors go into too much detail in tangentially related areas such as endocrinology, leading to a lack of focus in some sections of the book that could lose the interest of student readers. In some instances, important concepts are over-simplified, such as the complicated multi-pronged effects of psychoactive pharmacological agents. For example, in some cases, the book is somewhat biased and can come across as a public service brochure on the dangers of drug use rather than an explanation of their biological effects. This type of bias can be distracting, particularly to college undergraduates. Regardless, The Mind's Machine is overall an engaging and accurate introduction to neuroscience for the undergraduate student.
Spinor Particle Mechanics

Geometric Algebra makes it possible to formulate simple spinor equations of motion for classical particles and rigid bodies. In the Newtonian case, these equations have proven their value by simplifying orbital computations. The relativistic case is not so well known, but it has new and surprising features worth exploiting, including close connections to quantum mechanical equations. The current status of spinor particle mechanics is reviewed, and directions for extention are pointed out.
On Policies and Intents

A policy is a set of guidelines meant to accomplish some intent. In information security, a policy will take the form of an access control policy that describes the conditions under which entities can perform actions on data objects. Further, such policies are prolific in modern society, where information must flow between different enterprises, states, and countries, all of which will likely have different policies. Unfortunately, policies have proven to be extremely difficult to evaluate. Even with formal policies, basic questions about policy completeness and consistency can be undecidable. These problems are confounded when multiple policies must be considered in aggregation. Even worse, many policies are merely “formal-looking” or are completely informal. Thus, they cannot be reasoned about in a formal way and it may not even be possible to reliably determine whether a given course of action is allowed. Even with all of these problems, policies face issues related to their validity. That is, to be valid, a policy should reflect the intent of the policy makers and it should be clear what the consequences are if a policy is violated. It is the contention of the authors that when evaluating policies, one needs to be able to understand and reason about the policy maker’s intentions and the consequences associated with them. This paper focuses on the intent portion of this perspective. Unfortunately, because policy makers are humans, policy maker intentions are not readily captured by existing policy languages and notations. To rectify this, we take inspiration from task analytic methods, a set of tools and techniques human factors engineers and cognitive scientists use to represent and reason about the intentions behind human behavior. Using task analytic models as a template, we describe how policies can be represented in task-like models as hierarchies of goals and rules, with logics specifying when goals are contextually relevant and what outcomes are expected when goals are achieved. We then discuss how this framing could be used to reason about policy maker intent when evaluating policies. We further outline how this approach could be extended to facilitate reasoning about consequences. Support for legacy systems is also explored.
Mods and Convergence Culture: Connecting character creation, user interface, and participatory design

To understand the context, motivations, and implications of video game modifications, this paper examines three popular mods which affect UI and character creation options in the game Skyrim. Based within a foundation of participatory and fan culture studies, the network of interdependent mods is examined so that future research may advocate for participatory design used in the game development process.
Relating the H i gas structure of spiral discs to passing satellites

We extend the work of Chang & Chakrabarti (2011) to find simple scaling relations between the density response of the gas disk of a spiral galaxy and the pericenter distance and mass ratio of a perturbing satellite. From the analysis of results from a test particle code, we obtained a simple scaling relation for the density response due to a single satellite interacting with a galactic disk, over a wide range of satellite masses and pericenter distances. We have also explored the effects of multiple satellites on the galactic disk, focusing on cases that are commonly found in cosmological simulations. Here, we use orbits for the satellites that are drawn from cosmological simulations. For these cases, we compare our approximate scaling relations to the density response generated by satellites, and find that for two satellite interactions, our scaling relations approximately recover the response of the galactic disk. We have also examined the observed HI data in the outskirts of several spiral galaxies from the THINGS sample and compared the observed perturbations to that of cosmological simulations and our own scaling relations. While small perturbations can be excited by satellites drawn from cosmological simulations, we find that large perturbations (such as those that are seen in some THINGS galaxies like M51) are not recovered by satellites drawn from cosmological simulations that are similar to Milky Way galaxies.
Greater risk for frequent marijuana use and problems among young adult marijuana users with a medical marijuana card.

Abstract Background This study compared young adults with and without a medical marijuana (MM) recommendation from a provider (“MM card”) on their developmental trajectories of frequent marijuana use and marijuana-related problems in young adulthood. Methods The analytic sample consists of young adult past month marijuana users (N = 671) who were part of a larger, diverse, and predominantly California cohort. Analyses are based on data from seven surveys completed from ages 13–19. Results At age 19, 28% of participants reported having an MM card to legally purchase marijuana from an MM dispensary. A multiple group latent growth model indicated that young adults who had an MM card showed steeper increases in frequent marijuana use (i.e., 20–30 days of use in the past month) from ages 13–19 compared to young adults who did not have an MM card. Logistic regression models that matched MM cardholders and non-MM cardholders on individual sociodemographic characteristics found that MM cardholders were more likely to report marijuana negative consequences, selling marijuana/hashish, and driving under the influence of marijuana in the past year. In addition, MM cardholders were more likely to have tried cutting down or quitting in the past 3-months. Conclusions Among young adult marijuana users, those with an MM card had a higher risk profile for marijuana use and related problems compared to those without an MM card. Given expanding state legalization of MM, this issue warrants further attention.
Overview of 3D NAND Technologies and Outlook Invited Paper

In this paper, 3D NAND floating gate (FG) and charge trap (CT) cell fundamentals, advantages and challenges are discussed. Future scaling options and associated challenges from fabrication process integration, equipment engineering is briefly presented. The low string current (Istr) and threshold voltage (VT) variability challenge from polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) channel is a key device technology challenge for 3D NAND scaling. This paper discusses about the physics of poly-Si channel, its challenges and improvement options in detail. Finally, this paper presents the alternative channel material requirements, options and 3D NAND scaling outlook.
Time Requirements of Paper-Based Clinical Workflows and After-Hours Documentation in a Multispecialty Academic Ophthalmology Practice.

Purpose To assess time requirements for patient encounters and estimate after-hours demands of paper-based clinical workflows in ophthalmology. Design Time-and-motion study with a structured survey. Methods This study was conducted in a single academic ophthalmology department. A convenience sample consisted of 7 attending ophthalmologists from 6 subspecialties observed during 414 patient encounters for the time-motion analysis and 12 attending ophthalmologists for the survey. Outcome measurements consisted of total time spent by attending ophthalmologists per patient and time spent on documentation, examination, and talking with patients. The survey assessed time requirements of documentation-related activities performed outside of scheduled clinic hours. Results Among the 7 attending ophthalmologists observed (6 men and 1 woman), mean ± SD age 43.9 ± 7.1 years, during encounters with 414 patients (57.8 ± 24.6 years of age), total time spent per patient was 8.1 ± 4.8 minutes, with 2.8 ± 1.4 minutes (38%) for documentation, 1.2 ± 0.9 minutes (17%) for examination, and 3.3 ± 3.1 minutes (37%) for talking with patients. New patient evaluations required significantly more time than routine follow-up visits and postoperative visits. Higher clinical volumes were associated with less time per patient. Survey results indicated that paper-based documentation was associated with minimal after-hours work on weeknights and weekends. Conclusions Paper-based documentation takes up a substantial portion of the total time spent for patient care in outpatient ophthalmology clinics but is associated with minimal after-hours work. Understanding paper-based clinical workflows may help inform targeted strategies for improving electronic health record use in ophthalmology.
Correlation of Histologic Over Lymphangiographic Findings in Lymphoedema of the Extremities

Among the main diagnostic procedures for the investigation of lymphoedema of the extremities primary or secondary is lymphangiography. In addition, the classification according to Kinmonth3, of different types of primary lymphoedema, is based on the lymphangiographic findings.
Negotiating the boundaries of parental school engagement: the role of social space and symbolic capital in urban teachers' perspectives

Background/ContextResearch has documented the benefits of family and parental involvement in children's schooling, both developmentally and across domains. Classroom teachers play pivotal roles in ...
Case Study in International Cooperation: Cuba's Molecular Immunology Center and Roswell Park Cancer Institute

In 1961, the USA severed diplomatic relations with Cuba, and in 1962 an embargo was imposed on trade and financial relations with that country. It was not until five decades later that the USA and Cuba would reestablish relations. This opened the way for the New York State Trade Mission to Cuba in April 2015, during which Cuba's Molecular Immunology Center and Buffalo, New York's Roswell Park Cancer Institute signed a formal agreement that would set in motion biotechnology research collaboration to address one of the most important causes of death in both countries. Significant research from Cuba led to this groundbreaking collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of this cooperation, from the Molecular Immunology Center's initial investigations, through the opening of a phase I clinical trial at Roswell Park Cancer Institute with therapies developed at the Center. This cooperation was responsible for the first clinical trial for CIMAvax-EGF involving advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients in the USA. A license was also approved by the US Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control authorizing a commercial partnership for development of biotechnology products, combining the cancer research efforts of both institutions. This unusual collaboration between Cuba and the USA-the US economic embargo and travel restrictions not withstanding-opens good prospects for expanded medical research between the two countries. While political and logistical challenges remain, the shared mission and dedication of these Cuban and US scientists points the way towards relationships that can lead to development, testing, approval and use of promising new therapies for cancer patients. KEYWORDS Biotechnology, clinical trials, cancer vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, Cuba, USA.
It’s a journey: from media effects to dynamic systems

This paper aims to demonstrate how an analytical paradigm shift from the General Linear Model (GLM) used in most communication processes and effects research to dynamic systems theory (DST, a nonli...
A New Game Theoretic Scheme for Verifiable Cloud Computing

Outsourcing computation to cloud service providers (CSPs) has been convenient as the cloud computing paradigm becomes popular. One problem with computation outsourcing is how to efficiently verify if the returned computation result is correct. This paper studies the game theoretic approach to this problem. Specifically, we re-visit a state-of-the-art game theoretic scheme for this problem, and point out that one component of the scheme is too restrictive, which if replaced by another one, the scheme will become ineffective. To further address this flaw, we propose a new game theoretic scheme, which is probabilistic, and show that, a client can use this scheme to hire two CSPs who could collude based on any collusion contract, and the computation result can be verifiable as long as the CSPs are rational.
Lifestyle Intervention Programs for Adults at High-Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Platform to Reach High-Risk Children?

INTRODUCTION Children of adults eligible for the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention may themselves be high risk for type 2 diabetes development, and high-risk children may be reached through programs that target high-risk adults. To understand the potential multigenerational impact of family-oriented diabetes prevention programming, we explored the correlation between parental eligibility for the National DPP program and child weight status by using nationally representative data. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey from 2016 and 2017, focusing on children ages 12 through 17 years of age for whom body mass index (BMI) data were available and who could be linked to 1 sample parent. We explored the association between parent and child weight status and parental DPP eligibility and child weight status using χ2 analyses. RESULTS Our final sample consisted of 3,905 (unweighted) children, linked to either a mother or father. A total of 25.8% of children were overweight or obese; 68.1% of linked parents were overweight or obese, and child and parent weight status were correlated (Pearson's χ2, P < .001). A total of 9.5% of parents were likely eligible to participate in the National DPP. Parental program eligibility was positively correlated with child overweight/obese status (χ2, P < .001); over one-third of children with eligible parents were themselves overweight/obese. DISCUSSION In this nationally representative sample, parental BMI and child BMI categories were positively correlated, as was parental eligibility for diabetes prevention programming and child BMI. This highlights the potential of leveraging the national platform for adult diabetes prevention to reach high-risk children through family-oriented programming.
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Lung Disease: Characterization and Risk Factors.

Objective Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with a recently recognized, albeit poorly defined and characterized, lung disease (LD). The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and histopathologic and immunologic features of this novel inflammatory LD associated with systemic JIA (designated SJIA-LD). Methods Clinical data collected since 2010 were abstracted from the medical records of patients with systemic JIA from the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Epidemiologic, cellular, biochemical, genomic, and transcriptional profiling analyses were performed. Results Eighteen patients with SJIA-LD were identified. Radiographic findings included diffuse ground-glass opacities, subpleural reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and lymphadenopathy. Pathologic findings included patchy, but extensive, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and mixed features of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and endogenous lipoid pneumonia. Compared to systemic JIA patients without LD, those with SJIA-LD were younger at the diagnosis of systemic JIA (odds ratio [OR] 6.5, P = 0.007), more often had prior episodes of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) (OR 14.5, P Conclusion Pulmonary disease is increasingly detected in children with systemic JIA, particularly in association with MAS. This entity has distinct clinical and immunologic features and represents an uncharacterized inflammatory LD.
Short-term response to season of burn by amphibians and reptiles in a Florida longleaf pine – wiregrass sandhill

We investigated how herpetofauna respond to burning and burn season in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) sandhills by contrasting preburn species richness, diversity, and evenness and captures ...
The Rise and Fall “ing” of the HDL Hypothesis

Earlier epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This observation along with the finding that reverse cholesterol transport is mediated by HDL, supported the hypothesis that the HDL molecule has a cardioprotective role. More recently, epidemiological data suggest a U-shaped curve correlating HDLc and CHD. In addition, randomized clinical trials of drugs that significantly increase plasma HDLc levels, such as nicotinic acid and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors failed to show a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. These observations challenge the hypothesis that HDL has a cardioprotective role. It is possible that HDL quality and function is optimal only when de novo synthesis of apo A-I occurs. Inhibition of turnover of HDL with currently available agents yields HDL molecules that are ineffective in reverse cholesterol transport. To test this hypothesis, newer therapeutic drugs that increase de novo production of HDL and apo A-I should be tested in clinical trials.
Maturation of the human striatal dopamine system revealed by PET and quantitative MRI.

The development of the striatum dopamine (DA) system through human adolescence, a time of increased sensation seeking and vulnerability to the emergence of psychopathology, has been difficult to study due to pediatric restrictions on direct in vivo assessments of DA. Here, we applied neuroimaging in a longitudinal sample of n = 146 participants aged 12–30. R2′, an MR measure of tissue iron which co-localizes with DA vesicles and is necessary for DA synthesis, was assessed across the sample. In the 18–30 year-olds (n = 79) we also performed PET using [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ), a measure of presynaptic vesicular DA storage, and [11C]raclopride (RAC), an indicator of D2/D3 receptor availability. We observed decreases in D2/D3 receptor availability with age, while presynaptic vesicular DA storage (as measured by DTBZ), which was significantly associated with R2′ (standardized coefficient = 0.29, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.48]), was developmentally stable by age 18. Our results provide new evidence for maturational specialization of the striatal DA system through adolescence. How the human dopamine system changes during adolescence is still unclear. Here, the authors combine PET and quantitative MRI measures to show that dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability decreases with age while presynaptic dopamine vesicular storage was developmentally stable by age 18
Evaluation of storms through the lens of erosion potential along the New Jersey, USA coast

Abstract Coastal erosion is driven by both a storm's erosion potential and by an area's vulnerability. Therefore, the problem of estimating impacts can be approached in two-step. The first includes an assessment of erosion potential based on readily available storm parameters, while the second combines this information with highly localized parameters, describing vulnerability, to more directly predict local impacts. The work presented in this paper focuses on this first step, where a storm erosion potential climatology is developed by analyzing historical storms and is then utilized to identify historic patterns. Specifically, storms which have impacted the New Jersey coast over the past several decades are reevaluated using the Storm Erosion Index (SEI), developed by Miller and Livermont (2008), which considers the three primary storm-related drivers of coastal erosion (wave height, water level, and storm duration). These storms are assessed at thirteen shoreline segments defined along New Jersey's Atlantic coast from a 34 year-period (1980–2013) when concurrent wave and water level data is available. Approximately 130 unique storms are identified with the top three being the December 1992 nor'easter, the November 2009 Veteran's Day Storm, and Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, each having an estimated return period of greater than 15 years. The resulting climatology is found to exhibit several interesting spatial and temporal trends. Both portions of the state as well as months of the year that have historically experienced more storms and/or higher cumulative SEI (over the 34 years) are identified. While analysis of the climatology has also identified periods of reduced storm activity and those of intensified conditions, future monitoring is suggested to assess whether these patterns are persistent or related to climatic variations with cycles longer than can be captured by the thirty years included in this study.