cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated developmental and operational testing to evaluate reliability

The purpose of this paper is to discuss assessing system reliability based on results from both developmental and operational testing used together. This paper will discuss the planning, analysis and reporting of reliability for a tactical military vehicle utilizing integrated Developmental Test/Operational Test (DT/OT). A series of DT and OT tests were performed in sequence with the intent of using data from all phases in assessing vehicle reliability. By introducing operationally realistic conditions during DT with Soldier involvement, the reliability degradation usually observed when progressing from DT to OT did not occur. Military reliability testing is often limited by the number of available test assets at the time of testing and the program schedule. This results in competing test priorities such as requiring assets for survivability testing versus reliability testing versus performance testing. This program leveraged the required transport to get the test assets across the country to increase reliability mileage across more test assets to assess vehicle variability in early life. Further limiting the test asset availability was the availability of the armor kits for the vehicles; some vehicles were tested with armor kits and some had no armor kits. The results from DT and OT were compared on a failure mode basis to determine whether the data could be combined; ultimately providing senior decision makers with an estimate of vehicle reliability.
Work–Family Enrichment and Satisfaction Mediating Processes and Relative Impact of Originating and Receiving Domains

Previous research has been inconsistent in the prediction and empirical findings regarding work–family enrichment and satisfaction. The current research seeks to clarify this inconsistency by examining both directions of work–family enrichment (work-to-family enrichment and family-to-work enrichment) with both job satisfaction and family satisfaction to determine if their effects are similar or diverse. Building on the theoretical foundation of Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory, the authors explore the mediating roles of psychological distress and positive mood in this process. Using a sample of 310 working respondents, the authors found that psychological distress was a mediator to both job satisfaction and family satisfaction, while positive mood was a mediator to job satisfaction but not family satisfaction. Further, the authors found that the direct effect of work-to-family enrichment was on job satisfaction, the originating domain. In addition, the total effect of enrichment to satisfaction (thr...
Impact of physiological variables and genetic background on myocardial frequency-resistivity relations in the intact beating murine heart.

Conductance measurements for generation of an instantaneous left ventricular (LV) volume signal in the mouse are limited, because the volume signal is a combination of blood and LV muscle, and only...
Complex Capacitance Scaling in Ionic Liquids-Filled Nanopores

Recent experiments have shown that the capacitance of subnanometer pores increases anomalously as the pore width decreases, thereby opening a new avenue for developing supercapacitors with enhanced energy density. However, this behavior is still subject to some controversy since its physical origins are not well understood. Using atomistic simulations, we show that the capacitance of slit-shaped nanopores in contact with room-temperature ionic liquids exhibits a U-shaped scaling behavior in pores with widths from 0.75 to 1.26 nm. The left branch of the capacitance scaling curve directly corresponds to the anomalous capacitance increase and thus reproduces the experimental observations. The right branch of the curve indirectly agrees with experimental findings that so far have received little attention. The overall U-shaped scaling behavior provides insights on the origins of the difficulty in experimentally observing the pore-width-dependent capacitance. We establish a theoretical framework for understand...
Development of an undergraduate curriculum in mechatronics

A plan to develop an undergraduate curriculum stem in mechatronic systems engineering at San Jose State University is outlined. The curriculum development committee identified a total 65 topics under six categories to be relevant to the mechatronic educational program. Strong emphasis has been placed on system integration aspects in the proposed curriculum. The committee also recognized the fact that mechatronic systems engineering is multidisciplinary and of the applied nature. >
Vision and Task Assistance Using Modular Wireless In Vivo Surgical Robots

Minimally invasive abdominal surgery (laparoscopy) results in superior patient outcomes compared to conventional open surgery. However, the difficulty of manipulating traditional laparoscopic tools from outside the body of the patient generally limits these benefits to patients undergoing relatively low complexity procedures. The use of tools that fit entirely inside the peritoneal cavity represents a novel approach to laparoscopic surgery. Our previous work demonstrated that miniature mobile and fixed-based in vivo robots using tethers for power and data transmission can successfully operate within the abdominal cavity. This paper describes the development of a modular wireless mobile platform for in vivo sensing and manipulation applications. Design details and results of ex vivo and in vivo tests of robots with biopsy grasper, staple/clamp, video, and physiological sensor payloads are presented. These types of self-contained surgical devices are significantly more transportable and lower in cost than current robotic surgical assistants. They could ultimately be carried and deployed by nonmedical personnel at the site of an injury to allow a remotely located surgeon to provide critical first response medical intervention irrespective of the location of the patient.
Tackling the poor assumptions of naive bayes text classifiers

Naive Bayes is often used as a baseline in text classification because it is fast and easy to implement. Its severe assumptions make such efficiency possible but also adversely affect the quality of its results. In this paper we propose simple, heuristic solutions to some of the problems with Naive Bayes classifiers, addressing both systemic issues as well as problems that arise because text is not actually generated according to a multinomial model. We find that our simple corrections result in a fast algorithm that is competitive with state-of-the-art text classification algorithms such as the Support Vector Machine.
Is Voter Competence Good for Voters?: Information, Rationality, and Democratic Performance

A long research tradition in behavioral political science evaluates the performance of democracy by examining voter competence. This literature got its start arguing that voters’ lack of information undermines a defense of democracy rooted in electoral accountability. A more recent literature deepens the debate, with some authors claiming that voters eectively use cues to substitute for information about candidates and policies, and other authors claiming that voters are insuciently rational to do so. We argue that, regardless of its conclusions about voter competence, this literature’s singleminded focus on voter behavior is misguided. We use a sequence of formal models to show that traditional intuitions are incomplete because they ignore the eect that changes in voter behavior have on the equilibrium behavior of politicians. When this strategic interaction is taken into account, increases in voter information or voter rationality sometimes make democratic performance better and sometimes makes democratic performance worse. One simply cannot assess the implications of voter characteristics for democratic performance without also studying how those characteristics aect the
Crisis in Hospital-Acquired, Healthcare-Associated Infections

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the burden, cost, and preventability of HAIs has resulted in new initiatives to encourage adherence to recommended infection prevention practices and new research to better understand the pathogenesis of HAIs and to develop novel approaches to prevention. Although substantial progress in HAI prevention has been made over the past decade, many opportunities for improvement remain and new challenges continue to arise. Optimal protection of patients from the harms associated with HAIs will require not only allocation of adequate financial resources and additional scientific research, but also a strong commitment to excellence among all healthcare providers, including consistent use of proven prevention practices and appropriate use of antimicrobial agents. Although it is a daunting task, there has never been a better opportunity for the healthcare system to make the changes necessary to achieve the goal of elimination of HAIs.
Determination of ventricular volume by radioisotope-angiography

Abstract Directly determined ventricular volumes, free of hemodynamic changes induced by radiopaque media, were obtained by cardiac visualization after radioisotope injection in eight studies in 4 open chest dogs. Six mcurie of technetium-99m in 3 cc. of saline were injected into the left ventricle. Two biplane images were recorded with the Anger scintillation camera and stored on videomagnetic tape. Reference standards were used to correct for distortion and magnification. Gating of the video signal using the electrocardiogram allowed selection of both end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. Dextran was infused to increase end-diastolic volume and pressure, and a second pair of biplane images was obtained. End-diastolic volume, calculated from the images by the method of longest measured length, was then compared with end-diastolic volume determined from left ventricular pressure-volume curves. Excellent agreement of the ratio of preto postinfusion end-diastolic volume was obtained between these two methods: 0.61 (range 0.51 to 0.65) by the isotope technic and 0.61 (range 0.59 to 0.62) by the pressure-volume curves. Control end-diastolic volume averaged 25.2 cc. by the isotope method and 30 cc. by the pressure-volume curve; postinfusion volumes averaged 41.9 and 49.0 cc., respectively. The ratio of end-systolic volume to end-diastolic volume was 0.67 in the preinfusion studies and 0.64 in the postinfusion studies. Thus, direct isotope visualization of the heart, which does not disturb circulatory function, may provide a useful and safe means for serial study of ventricular volume changes.
Transient three-dimensional modeling of soil water and solute transport with simultaneous root growth, root water and nutrient uptake

A three-dimensional solute transport model was developed and linked to a three-dimensional transient model for soil water flow and root growth. The simulation domain is discretized into a grid of finite elements by which the soil physical properties are spatially distributed. Solute transport modeling includes passive and active nutrient uptake by roots as well as zero- and first-order source/sink terms. Root water uptake modeling accounts for matric and osmotic potential effects on water and passive nutrient uptake. Root age effects on root water and nutrient uptake activity have been included, as well as the influence of nutrient deficiency and ion toxicity on root growth. Examples illustrate simulations with different levels of model complexity, depending on the amount of information available to the user. At the simplest level, root growth is simulated as a function of mechanical soil strength only. Application of the intermediate level with root water and nutrient uptake simulates the influence of timing and amount of NO3 application on leaching. The most comprehensive level includes simulation of root and shoot growth as influenced by soil water and nutrient status, temperature, and dynamic allocation of assimilate to root and shoot.
On composition and lookahead delegation of e -services modeled by automata

Let M be a class of (possibly nondeterministic) language acceptors with a one-way input tape. A system (A; A1,..., Ar) of automata in M is composable if for every string w = a1...an of symbols accepted by A, there is an assignment of each symbol aj in w to one of the Ai's such that for each 1 ≤ i ≤ r, the subsequence of w assigned to Ai is accepted by Ai. For a nonnegative integer k, a k-lookahead delegator for (A; A1,..., Ar) is a deterministic machine D in M which, knowing (a) the current states of A, A1,...,Ar and the accessible "local" information of each machine (e.g., the top of the stack if each machine is a pushdown automaton, whether a counter is zero or nonzero if each machine is a multicounter automaton, etc.), and (b) the k lookahead symbols to the right of the current input symbol being processed, can uniquely determine the Ai to assign the current symbol. Moreover, every string w accepted by A is also accepted by D; i.e., the subsequence of string w delegated by D to each Ai is accepted by Ai. Thus, k-lookahead delegation is a stronger requirement than composability, since the delegator D must be deterministic. A system that is composable may not have a k-delegator for any k.We study the decidability of composability and existence of k-delegators for various classes of machines M. Our results generalize earlier ones (and resolve some open questions) concerning composability of deterministic finite automata as e-services to finite automata that are augmented with unbounded storage (e.g., counters and pushdown stacks) and finite automata with discrete clocks (i.e., discrete timed automata). The results have applications to automated composition of e-services.
The Virgin and the Telescope: The Moons of Cigoli and Galileo

In 1612, Lodovico Cigoli completed a fresco in the Pauline chapel of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome depicting Apocalypse 12: “A woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet.” He showed the crescent Moon with spots, as his friend Galileo had observed with the newly invented telescope. Considerations of the orthodox view of the perfect Moon as held by philosophers have led historians to ask why this clearly imperfect Moon in a religious painting raised no eyebrows. We argue that when considered in the context of biblical interpretation and the rhetoric of the Counter-Reformation, the imperfect Moon under the woman's feet was entirely consistent with traditional interpretations of Apocalypse 12.
Using Rewriting Rules and Positive Equality to Formally Verify Wide-Issue Out-of-Order Microprocessors with a Reorder Buffer

Rewriting rules and positive equality are combined in an automatic way in order to formally verify out-of-order processors that have a Reorder Buffer and can issue/retire multiple instructions per clock cycle. Only register-register instructions are implemented, and can be executed out-of-order as soon as their data operands can be either read from the Register File, or forwarded as results of instructions ahead in program order in the Reorder Buffer. The verification is based on the Burch and Dill correctness criterion. Rewriting rules are used to prove the correct execution of instructions that are initially in the Reorder Buffer and to remove them from the correctness formula. Positive Equality is then employed to prove the correct execution of newly fetched instructions. The rewriting rules resulted in up to 5 orders of magnitude speedup, compared to using Positive Equality alone. That made it possible to formally verify processors with up to 1,500 instructions in the Reorder Buffer and issue/retire widths of up to 128 instructions per clock cycle.
Processes Influencing Rain-Field Growth and Decay after Tropical Cyclone Landfall in the United States

This study measured rain-field sizes for tropical cyclones (TCs) after U.S. landfall and related changes in sizetothediurnalcycleandextratropicaltransition(ET).For45TClandfalls,thespatialpropertiesoftherain fields were calculated throughan analysisof radarreflectivityreturnswithina geographicinformationsystem. Variables representing the conditions of the atmosphere and storm attributes were examined at three times and as changes over two time periods to account for lags between condition onset and change in raining-area sizes. Mann‐Whitney U tests illustrated which of these variables had significantly different median values when the total raining area or high-reflectivity regions increased or decreased in areal extent over two 12-h periods after landfall. Results indicate that the diurnal cycle influenced changes in rain-field size. Rain-field growthoccurredduringthelatemorningandearlyafternoon,whichisbetweenthetimesforpeakarealextent of oceanic- and land-based precipitation in the tropics. The rain fields of TCs completing an ET within 74 h of landfall increasedin areal extent duringthe first 12 h afterlandfall and decayed during the second 12-h period as they neared the completion of ET. The availability of moisture, which was not related to either the diurnal cycle or processes associated with ET, was also important to rain-field growth or decay. In addition, it was discoveredthat,for theUnitedStates,landfall timeshaveshiftedfromapeakbeforemidnightduring1950‐96 to after midnight during 1995‐2008.
Auditory and Visual Peripheral Detection Tasks and the Lane Change Test with High and Low Cognitive Load

The current study measured driving performance using the Lane Change Test (LCT) and a Peripheral Detection Task (PDT), to determine if stimulus modality (visual and auditory) and stimulus eccentricity would affect performance on the PDT. The peripheral stimuli were either small white circles or broadband noise bursts located either 13o or 19o to the left or right of the center lane. Participants were instructed to respond with left or right key presses to the stimuli's relative location while performing the LCT. The cognitive load of participants was also varied, either no load, low load or high load, produced by the n-back task (no n-back, 0-back, 1-or 2-back). The results indicate that higher cognitive load leads to poorer driving performance, increased reaction time of PDTs, and higher subjective workload. This study supports previous research indicating driving performance suffers in response to increased cognitive load due to cognitive or attentional tunneling. Language: en
The Extended Resolution Digital Differential Analyzer: A New Computing Structure for Solving Differential Equations

In conventional digital differential analyzers (DDA), the word length used for the transmission of information between integrators is restricted to at most a single magnitude bit and a sign bit. This restriction seriously limits integrator frequency response and has to a large extent been responsible for the failure of DDAs to achieve widespread acceptance as general purpose differential analyzers. In this paper it is shown that DDA speed and accuracy can be greatly improved by using increment word lengths which are approximately one-half the length of integrand registers providing that integration formulas more accurate than Euler integration are used. The programming of such machines for the solution of both linear and nonlinear differential equations is discussed and a quantitative evaluation of performance improvement is presented. At the same time, an effort is made to isolate the principal difficulties in hardware implementation which result from extending the integrator increment resolution.
Spontaneously Broken Gauge Symmetries. II. Perturbation Theory and Renormalization

The second paper in this series is devoted to the formulation of a renormalizable perturbation theory of Higgs phenomena (spontaneously broken gauge theories). In Sec. II, we reformulate the renormalization prescription for massless Yang-Mills theories in terms of gauge-invariant renormalization counterterms in the action. Section III gives a group-theoretic discussion of Higgs phenomena. We discuss the possibility that an asymmetric vacuum is stable, and show how the symmetry of the physical vacuum determines the mass spectrum of the gauge bosons. We show further that in a special gauge ($U$ gauge), all unphysical fields can be eliminated. Section IV discusses the quantization of a spontaneously broken gauge theory in the $R$ gauge, where, as we show in Sec. V, Green's functions are made finite by the renormalization counterterms of the symmetric theory (in which the gauge invariance is not spontaneously broken). The $R$-gauge formulation makes use of redundant fields for the sake of renormalizability. Section VI is a discussion of the low-energy limits of propagators in the $R$-gauge formulation. In Sec. VII we show that the particles associated with redundant fields peculiar to the $R$-gauge formulation are unphysical, i.e., they do not contribute to the sum over intermediate states.
A CD138-independent strategy to detect minimal residual disease and circulating tumour cells in multiple myeloma

CD138 (also termed SDC1) has been the gold-standard surface marker to detect multiple myeloma (MM) cells for decades; however, drug-resistant residual and circulating MM cells were shown to have lower expression of this marker. In this study, we have shown that residual MM cells following bortezomib treatment are hypoxic. This combination of drug exposure and hypoxia down-regulates their CD138 expression, thereby making this marker unsuitable for detecting residual or other hypoxic MM cells, such as circulating tumour cells, in MM. Hence, we developed an alternative biomarker set which detects myeloma cells independent of their hypoxic and CD138 expression status in vitro, in vivo and in primary MM patients. The new markers were able to identify a clonal CD138-negative population as minimal residual disease in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of MM patients. Further investigation to characterize the role of this population as a prognostic marker in MM is warranted.
Detection of Left Atrial and Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Isolation

Evaluation of left atrial (LA)/left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus and determination of pulmonary vein (PV) anatomy are important steps prior to PV isolation procedure. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a semi-invasive procedure that is currently a routine study for assessing LA/LAA
Radiological Study of the Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Congenital Dislocation of the Hip

165 hips in 132 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip wete reviewed to analyse the radiological course of the capital femoral epihysis assosiated with metaphyseal changes. The mean age at late follow-up was 6.8 years (range, 5-15 years).Epiphyseal deformities wete classified into three types according to the extent of the defect, and metaphyseal changes, which were area of rarefaction, medial beaking and sagging rope sign, were sought in the early period after reduction.Then the late radiologic appearance of the femorel head and neck was graded to the three classes by modified thomas's system.89 hips wete recognized one of three types of the epiphyseal deformities. 32 hips of 89, in whcih epiphyseal deformities appeared, had one or more metaphyseal changes and were gradaed as poor and fair on the late radiologic apparance. All of 16 hips with poor results had early metaphyseal changes.It is thought that early metaphyseal changes on the epiphyseal deformities may be correlated with the final radiolgic result.
Brief report: Donor-derived long-term multilineage hematopoiesis in a liver-transplant recipient

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been well documented in several recipients of liver transplants1–8. In this syndrome alloreactive cells from the donor attack the recipient's skin, gastrointestinal tissue, and hematopoietic tissue. Severe myelosuppression commonly results, but there has been a degree of recovery of hematopoiesis in some patients after immunosuppressive therapy. The recovery of hematopoiesis resulted from the recovery of the recipient's bone marrow in some cases,1,3 but it also could be due to the proliferation of hematopoietic precursor cells in the donor's liver, since the liver is a site of hematopoiesis in fetuses and, under certain circumstances, . . .
Interpretation of the Factual Meaning of Bank Bankruptcy Theory

In today's financial globalization society,both economists and law scholars are actively involved in the study of bank bankruptcy issue.The theory of bank bankruptcy law arising in such a background will naturally be great influential to interpretation of the institutional arrangement of bank crisis and bank bankruptcy,understanding of the present movement of bankruptcy,strengthening of legislation for bank bankruptcy,and clarifying of some obscure theories.
The Dilemma of Cosmopolitan Soldiering

The most famous essays by American writers on heroism, especially in military matters, inordinately deal with the demise of heroism — the threats to it, and to the attendant ‘martial virtues’, from the dominant social forces and ideals.1 Heroism, it seems, is something we are always in danger of losing, because we are always inclined to underestimate its importance. Hence the task of the philosopher is to remind us of that importance, to explain to us why the spectre of an un-heroic world should strike us as so impoverished, ethically, aesthetically and politically.
Aux origines du MALG: Témoignage d’un compagnon de Boussouf/Souvenirs d’un rescapé de la Wilaya 3

The past 10 years have seen an outpouring of books by veterans of the Algerian war. These two volumes are worthy additions to this body of literature, recounting the experiences of the moudjahidine...
Export Chinese blue-and-white porcelain: compositional analysis and sourcing using non-invasive portable XRF and reflectance spectroscopy

The chemical composition of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain, from the body to the pigment and the glaze, has been widely investigated over the last decades. However, most studies focused on ware from official kilns and much less attention has been given to folk kilns whose production was primarily aimed at supplying overseas markets. Moreover, scientific analysis has often relied on sophisticated laboratory-based instrumentation, a methodology that can be used neither for large sets of archaeological sherds nor in the field. The research presented here evaluates the applicability of non-invasive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) for the study of overseas Chinese blue-and-white porcelain manufactured in Jingdezhen and Zhangzhou, the main production centers during the late 16th to early 17th centuries. Results obtained on a limited number of sherds found in Indonesia and the Philippines show that concentration levels of some minor and trace elements, in particular zirconium and associated thorium, are sufficient to clearly distinguish Jingdezhen and Zhangzhou productions. The composition of the cobalt-based blue pigment was also easily identified with pXRF, highlighting the Fe-poor and Mn-rich compositional pattern in accordance with the local asbolite ores used during this time period. Furthermore, FORS provided additional information on tint and shade variations of the blue pigment. Consequently, pXRF combined with FORS represents an innovative and cost effective analytical approach to study the chemistry and provenance of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain, particularly in the field and/or for large archaeological sherd collections.
Managing Sleep Disorders During Pregnancy

Abstract Sleep disturbances and disorders are common during pregnancy, and they can be risk factors for a number of serious pregnancy-related sleep disorders. These include postpartum depression, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, certain chronic sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, are quite challenging to manage in the context of pregnancy and during lactation, particularly with medications that can be teratogenic. This review discusses 4 common sleep disorders and their impacts on pregnancy, and suggests ways to deal with these disorders that improves maternal and fetal outcomes safely. The review discusses diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, and narcolepsy in pregnancy.
Size-resolved particulate matter concentrations derived from 4.4 km-resolution size-fractionated Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol optical depth over Southern California

Abstract There is significant public health interest in gaining a better understanding of the health effects associated with particulate matter (PM) of differing sizes and compositions. Unfortunately the PM monitoring data needed for such studies are limited. Satellite observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) have been used to overcome this limitation, but existing techniques using AOD to estimate surface concentrations of PM have limited ability to differentiate particle size and type, and the spatial resolution is often too coarse to evaluate PM variability on local scales. Fortunately there has been a significant breakthrough in aerosol product from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument onboard the NASA Terra satellite. Recent computational advances have made it possible to derive a “local mode” MISR aerosol product at a spatial resolution of 4.4 km that maintains the quality of the 17.6 km resolution Version 22 operational aerosol product. MISR is uniquely capable of providing total AOD as well as AOD fractionated by size (small, medium, and large), enabling estimation of size-resolved surface PM concentrations. Total and size-fractionated AOD from the MISR 4.4 km aerosol product were used to develop spatio-temporal models to estimate surface concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and PM2.5 chemical species over Southern California. We found, and confirmed by leave-one-site-out cross validation, that PM2.5 was best estimated with a spatio-temporal model of AOD small + medium that also included adjustment for relative humidity and wind speed (R2 = 0.67, CV R2 = 0.51), while PM10 was best estimated from AOD large with adjustment for dew point and wind speed (R2 = 0.76, CV R2 = 0.44). Total AOD was most strongly associated with PM2.5 components SO42 − (R2 = 0.74, CV R2 = 0.69) and NO3− (R2 = 0.72, CV R2 = 0.39). The best fitting models were applied to all available MISR aerosol retrievals over the region, generating surfaces of estimated size-resolved PM concentrations that will be a great asset to the environmental science and public health communities.
Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Single Micron-Size Droplets

In spite of the short interaction lengths in micron-size spheres, nonlinear optical effects can be readily observed. The curved liquid-air interface modifies the internal electromagnetic distributions of the incident radiation (assumed to be a plane wave) and of the internally generated nonlinear optical radiation described through the nonlinear source polarization (PNLS ).
I-131 Tositumomab myeloablative radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Radiation dose to the testes

1836 Objectives Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using high-dose I-131-tositumomab (anti-CD20) and stem cell support has been used to treat relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Objective was to study testicular radiation absorbed dose and its effects on testosterone level. Methods We reviewed 67 male patients with NHL treated with myeloablative I-131 tositumomab as part of research protocols. Individualized organ dosimetry was performed using serial planar imaging after infusing I-131 tositumomab antibody (370 MBq). Radiation absorbed doses (cGy/mCi) were determined for vital normal organs using standard MIRD methods. Results Absorbed doses (cGy/mCi, mean ± s.d.) were: 3.82 ±1.06 for liver, 4.40 ± 1.83 for lungs, 5.60 ± 3.94 for spleen, and 4.35±2.20 for testes. Therapeutic dose was 21.8 ± 6.7 (range 9.3- 50.8) GBq. Estimated absorbed dose for testes was 25.4±14.6 Gy, with a median of 22.0 Gy and coefficient of variation of 0.58. Twenty-eight patients (42%) received testicular doses ≥ 25 Gy. Pretreatment and one-year posttreatment plasma testosterone levels were measured in 25/67 patients. I-131-tositumomab therapy induced non-significant (p >0.05) testosterone suppression (from 4.4±2.0 to 4.2±3.0 ng/mL, 95%) in patients receiving Conclusions In 42% of patients the testicular dose was ≥ 25 Gy. Higher dose was associated with suppression of testosterone levels, but this may provide an advantage in treating a highly aggressive NHL, in which the testes may be sanctuary sites. Research Support Supported by P01 CA44991, K23 CA 85479 and The LRF and LLS grants and GSK
A HARD TIME TO DATE: THE SCOTT COUNTY PUEBLO (14SC1) AND PUEBLOAN RESIDENTS OF THE HIGH PLAINS

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Puebloan women (if not entire families) were incorporated into Apache Dismal River communities in western Kansas. In at least one site (14SC1), Puebloan people lived in a small masonry pueblo. We evaluate the timing and nature of the Puebloan occupation at 14SC1 and its relationship to the Dismal River population at the site. We use a Bayesian analytical framework to evaluate different models of the pueblo's use history, constraining 12 radiocarbon dates by their stratigraphic data and then comparing this framework with different temporal models based on the historical record. We conclude that Dismal River people lived at 14SC1 prior to the appearance of Pueblo migrants, sometime between cal AD 1490 and 1650. Construction and early use of the pueblo by migrants from the Rio Grande valley occurred between cal AD 1630 and 1660, and the pueblo was closed by burning sometime between cal AD 1640 and 1690. Site 14SC1 lacks Rio Grande Glaze Ware, and its residents seem rarely to have engaged with the groups in the Southern Plains Macroeconomy. Our results contribute to studies of indigenous community formation and Puebloan residential mobility during the Spanish colonial period.
Coupling lattice structure topology optimization with design-dependent feature evolution for additive manufactured heat conduction design

Abstract Significant advance in additive manufacturing (AM) is leading to a paradigm shift in design-for-manufacturing. The manufacturability concern over geometry complexity has largely been removed by AM, which will greatly promote design creativity. A representative paradigm shift is the increasing focus on lattice structures which can be efficiently manufactured by AM. Specifically, lattice structures have been used to replace conventional solid materials to reduce weight and enhance multi-functional properties. Hence, lattice structure topology optimization (LSTO) has drawn remarkable interest for being an optimal lattice infill design tool. Despite the extensive investigation on LSTO, this paper addresses a novel aspect in the concurrent optimization of lattice infill and design-dependent movable features, on which boundary conditions are prescribed. This type of problem has practical importance, such as cooling channel system (forced convective boundary) design used in different thermal management applications, which is challenging to solve numerically due to the increased complexity in sensitivity calculation. In the proposed method, parametric level set function is used to represent the movable feature geometry and accordingly, the thermal boundary conditions are implicitly applied. A detailed sensitivity analysis is performed to provide the effective sensitivity information for design update. Several numerical examples are provided to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. In particular, the proposed methodology is applied to the concurrent optimization of cooling channels and the optimized design is printed out to demonstrate the manufacturability.
A Systematic Approach for Developing Electric Machine Windings with Suppressed MMF Space Harmonics

This paper proposes a systematic approach for the development of electric machine windings with reduced magnetomotive force (MMF) space harmonic content. By identifying the levels and slot position...
Online Price Dispersion: A Game Theoretic Perspective and Empirical Evidence

The Internet has changed the nature of doing business as well as the nature of competition in many industries. Consumers are more empowered than ever with valuable information such as prices, products, and store ratings. Because of this, some researchers even predicted, during the early stage of e-commerce, a frictionless economy in which online prices would be driven down to marginal costs. However, many studies have subsequently observed the wide price dispersion online, and its existence and persistence has now been well documented. Possible explanations of this price dispersion, derived mainly using hedonic price models, have seen only modest success. In this paper, we propose an alternative competitive model, based on online retailers' differentiation, to explain price dispersion. We empirically test the predictions of this model and find that the model is a viable alternative to the hedonic price model. In addition, our competitive model is able to predict and explain observations that are seemingly inconsistent with a hedonic model. Practically, our model yields important recommendations for the online etailing industry and can help an e-tailer to choose a desirable position in the competitive market.
E.E.S.® (Abbott)

Erythromycin, from the macrolide group of antibiotics, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is widely used as an alternate to penicillin and is one of the safest antibiotics currently in use. Besides its use as an alternate to penicillin, erythromycin is the recommended drug in many disease states. It diffuses readily into most body fluids, but only low concentrations are achieved in the spinal fluid. The oral forms are preferred though these are inactivated to varying degrees by gastric juice.
Myocardial viability imaging: dead or alive?

The concept of hibernating myocardium originated from observations in the 1970s that the myocardial dysfunction seen in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) was not always permanent ([1][1]). The fact that revascularization with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) could result in
VERTICAL EDDY MOTION AND ENERGY TRANSFER AT VERY LOW ALTITUDES OVER THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC OCEAN

ABSTRACT An airborne gust probe system was used to measure vertical eddy motions and turbulent fluxes of latent and sensible heat at 15–305 m altitudes in the atmospheric marine boundary layer of the GATE study area. Ship measurements of surface temperature patterns in the localities of the flights, and B-scale (∼10 5 km 2 ) radar echoes, were used along with direct aircraft observations to stratify the data according to prevailing weather. The boundary layer temperature and humidity environment was remarkably uniform except in the immediate vicinities of convective disturbances and precipitation. Nevertheless, significant weather-related patterns in the intensities and scales of the turbulence and the fluxes did occur. Maximum homogeneity, minimum intensities, and clear shifts in scales of motion with increasing altitude are evident for undisturbed weather. Conditions of enhanced but still homogeneous turbulence with quite consistent scales of vertical motion and water vapor transport occurred in the wakes of convective disturbances; here sensible heat fluxes were strengthened throughout the general area-of-effect. Cool air outflows from precipitating clouds particularly caused intense, localized sensible heat fluxes and introduced more erratic as well as relatively long scales of motion and energy transport.
Improving efficiency of organic farming by using a deep learning classification approach

Abstract In this paper, an environmentally friendly non-chemical variant of weed control in organic farming is shown. The main topic is placed on the image processing steps. Therefore, the segmentation and the classification of the individual plants are described in detail. The first step in the vision-based measurement applications after capturing the image is to separate the wanted objects from their surroundings. The presented segmentation algorithm uses pure RGB images to separate the background. A dice score of more than 96% is calculated. However, the biggest problem with this project is to distinguish the individual classes of plants in real-time using the visual sensor data, as they are very similar in the early stages of growth. This project derives its data and measured variables from real data from the field and not from laboratory conditions. Therefore, disturbances such as the influences of, for example, weather, the various stages of growth, the large number of different weeds, the different soil conditions, etc. are also used here. In order to compensate for these disturbances, a self-learning convolutional neural network was used for the classification. This deep-learning approach achieves accuracies of over 98%.
Subsidizing the sun: The impact of state policies on electricity generated from solar photovoltaic

Abstract As the detrimental effects of consuming nonrenewable energy gain the attention of the United States populace, policymakers have shifted their attention to implementing policies that support the development of solar photovoltaic markets. We use the OLS estimator to determine which policy incentives are more effective at increasing the electricity generated from solar photovoltaic at the state level. Policy incentives analyzed in this paper include subsidies, tax incentives, renewable portfolio standards, solar carveouts, interconnection standards, and power purchase agreements. Additionally, we utilize interaction terms to determine if a state’s policy portfolio is more effective when the portfolio contains policies targeted toward both creating and expanding the market, as opposed to only creating or expanding the market. The results suggest that renewable portfolio standards are the most effective policy incentives, and policy portfolios including both market creation and expansion policies can be more effective at developing solar photovoltaic markets.
Mode-Dependent Coupling and Vectorial Optical Vortices in Metallic Nanolaser Arrays

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that metallic nanolasers display different coupling behaviors depending on the vectorial electromagnetic modes within each nanocavity. Symmetric, antisymmetric, as well as vector-vortex lasing supermodes are observed in such structures. © 2019 The Author(s)
Structures as Sensors: Indirect Sensing for Inferring Users and Environments

A simple hardware array for obtaining highresolution structural vibration data will enable future civil infrastructures to become general sensing platforms that are easy and practical to deploy and maintain over the lifetime of a building.
Are sociology and liberalism rooted in antisemitism?: Marcel Stoetzler (ed.), Antisemitism and the Constitution of Sociology. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press 2014. x+379pp. Notes. Ind. $65 hbk. ISBN: 978-0-80324-864-9.

If the discipline of sociology emerged not as a science of society per se but rather as a discourse speaking about modern society from the perspective of modern society—and if the emancipation (and...
Reliability of 3 Strategies of Orbital Tumor Volume Measurement Using Phantom Modeling.

Purpose The reliability of 3 volume measurement strategies was investigated using MRI and a simple method for creating phantom orbit tumors. Methods Water-based starch was molded into orbital "tumors" of 3 shapes (sphere, ovoid, diffuse); water displacement was used to calculate volume. "Tumors" were placed into 3D-printed orbit phantoms, MRIs were obtained and volume analysis was performed. Observers measured tumor volume using ellipsoid volume (EV), manual segmentation, and semi-automated segmentation strategies. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated comparing observer measurements to true volumes. The coefficient of repeatability determined the percentage of tumor volume change required for each method to detect tumor growth. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients comparing measured volumes to true volumes using EV, manual segmentation, and semi-automated segmentation were 0.61, 0.98, and 0.99 for spherical, 0.64, 0.97, and 0.98 for ovoid, and 0.18, 0.82, and 0.87 for diffuse tumors. Semi-automated segmentation followed by manual segmentation had the highest correlation between measured and true tumor volume for all 3 tumor geometries. EV had low correlation with true volume for all tumor geometries. Diffuse tumors had high variability and low correlation for all 3 measurement techniques. Conclusions This study shows the reliability of 3 strategies to measure orbital tumor volume with MRI based on tumor geometry, using a simple phantom model. EV, the most commonly employed strategy in clinical practice, had low correlation and high variability across tumor shapes. Using manual segmentation and semi-automated segmentation, a measured change in volume greater than 25% may be considered true growth, while the EV strategy required a 40%-400% change in volume to reliably measure tumor growth.
A Comparative Study of Energy Savings in a Liquid-Cooled Server by Dynamic Control of Coolant Flow Rate at Server Level

Data center proliferation has been increasing significantly around the world attributed to growth in technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), bitcoin mining, and high-performance computing (HPC). A direct consequence of these developments is an enhancement in processing units and a corresponding rise in CPU and GPU power densities. Limitations of air cooling to dissipate increasing power densities in processors have compelled the researchers to move toward better and efficient liquid cooling solutions. In an earlier study, a custom-made mini-rack with liquid-cooled 2OU (open rack Unit) web servers were tested for comparison of centralized and distributed pumping with constant flow rates at the server level. The effect of higher inlet temperature in terms of IT power, cooling power consumption, and CPU temperature was reported along with a comparison of centralized versus distributed pumping. In this article, the same 2OU server is used to show the effect of variable flow rate on server thermal performance. The parameters monitored for performance quantification are the core temperatures, dual in-line memory modules (DIMM) temperatures, and platform controller hub (PCH) temperature. These parameters were reported by varying the CPU power consumption, coolant inlet temperatures, and coolant flow rates by controlling the distributed pumps. The server was fully enclosed with no outside air intake where the CPUs were cooled by cold plates and the rest of the components with internally recirculating air. The results obtained from the experiments were compared with the results obtained from a previous study where the effect of the variable flow rate was ignored. A full-factorial design of experiments (DoE) was designed using Minitab 19 to analyze the results statistically.
Terapia Filial: Filial Therapy With Hispanic and Latinx Clients:

Filial therapy (FT) has often been stated as an approach that can address the multicultural considerations of a variety of populations, in which parents are given the tools to strengthen their bond...