cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Biology of the Stout Razor Clam Tagelus plebeius: I. Animal-Sediment Relationships, Feeding Mechanism, and Community Biology'

Six intertidal populations ofTagelus plebeius, the stout razor clam, and associated macroinvertebrates were sampled in the North Inlet estuary, near Georgetown, South Carolina.T. plebeius inhabited only stable sediments composed of greater than 2.0 % silts and clays and which were covered by a visible surface film of benthic microalgae. Gut contents, gill morphology, and behavior all indicated that this clam functioned as a suspension feeder obtaining its nutrition by filtering suspended particles from the water column. Maintenance of the siphon tubes and burrows was important to the survival of this organism.T. plebeius was quantitatively an important member of the infuana within its habitat, composing 93.0% of the biomass, but only 3.2% of the total number of individuals. Sediment stability, in addition to affecting the distribution ofT. plebeius, also had a significant role in determining the structure of invertebrate communities inhabiting the intertidal sandbars sampled. The stable muddy-sand sediments of lagoon areas supported a more diverse faunal assemblage than did the less stable sandy sediments of fringe areas of the same sandbar.
Characteristics of electronic patient-provider messaging system utilisation in an urban health care organisation.

Introduction Research suggests that electronic messaging can improve patient engagement. Studies indicate that a ‘digital divide’ may exist, where certain patient populations may be using electronic messaging less frequently. This study aims to determine which patient characteristics are associated with different levels of usage of an electronic patient-provider messaging system in a diverse urban population. Methods Cross-sectional electronic health record data were extracted for patients 10 years of age or older who live in New York City and who visited a set of clinics between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2012. Regression analyses determined which participant characteristics were associated with the sending of electronic messages. Results Older, female, English-speaking participants of white race who received more messages, had any diagnoses, more office visits and a provider who sent messages were more likely to send more messages. Non-Millennial, non-white participants who received fewer messages, had more office visits, any diagnoses, a provider who saw fewer patients with patient portal accounts, lived in a low socioeconomic status neighbourhood, and did not have private insurance were more likely to send zero messages. Conclusion This study found significant differences in electronic messaging usage based on demographic, socioeconomic and health-related patient characteristics. Future studies are needed to support these results and determine the causes of observed associations.
Diabetes and vascular disease

Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is now recognized as a coronary heart disease equivalent. While the most common metabolic abnormality associated with diabetes is hyperglycemia, there are also abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. These abnormalities increase oxidative stress and activate the renin-angiotensin system leading to endothelial dysfunction and, thereafter, to systemic atherosclerosis. This systemic atherosclerosis is responsible for the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to diabetes. In this article, we review the evidence and discuss the rationale for comprehensive risk reduction to prevent and treat vascular disease in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The components of comprehensive risk reduction strategy consist of lifestyle changes, glycemic control, control of dyslipidemia and hypertension.
Divergent Selection for Growth in Japanese Quail Under Split and Complete Nutritional Environments. 1. Genetic and Correlated Responses to Selection

Abstract Japanese quail were divergently selected for 4-wk body weight under two different nutritional environments. In one environment quail were divergently selected for high and low body weight (H and L) under a split diet (SD) with quail having the opportunity to self-select feed from high protein and high energy diets. In the other environment, quail were similarly selected (H and L) under a normal (28% protein) complete diet (CD). After 11 generations of selection, H-SD and H-CD lines were 48.9 and 49.7 % higher in 4-wk body weight than controls. Quail from L-SD and L-CD lines were 46.5 and 45.4% lower in 4-wk body weight than controls. Realized heritabilities for 4-wk body weight were .36 ± .03, .30 ± .03, .52 ± .02, and .47 ± .03 for H-SD, L-SD, H-CD, and L-CD lines, respectively. Selection differentials were significantly higher in the SD than in the CD environment. Changes in 2-wk, adult body, and egg weight across generations paralleled that of the trait under selection (4-wk body weight). Selection also resulted in decreased hatchability and egg production with increased age to sexual maturity in both environments. The SD environment was determined to be a stress environment because of birds’ inferior growth there compared with growth in the CD environment. Rate of growth, however, to reach adult body size was superior for L-SD quail once the stress environment was removed. There was also evidence that eggs were larger for quail in the SD than the CD environment.
Facebook ride connect

Ride Connect is a tool integrated into the social networking site Facebook's (www.Facebook.com) event planning feature. Ride Connect helps people coordinate transportation to specific events. We chose to focus on undergraduate students because changes in their attitudes and habits towards shared transportation will lead to a sustainable increase in public transportation (PT) use. Ride Connect encourages PT use through social incentives and by conveniently presenting user-generated transportation options. Our study investigates how social incentives and convenient PT information lead to increased PT use, and how PT use, coupled with a reduction in stigma, leads to long-term behavioral and attitudinal changes towards P.
Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program into practice: a review of community interventions.

Purpose The purpose of this review is to summarize community interventions based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) curriculum and to describe differences in curriculum and its effect on outcome measurements.Methods A keyword search of PubMed and review of citation lists of relevant articles yielded 161 articles. Primary outcomes of interest were achievement of the DPP study goals: 5% to 7% loss of body weight and increased moderate physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week. A secondary outcome of improvement in metabolic syndrome components was also included. Inclusion criteria included application of a DPP-based curriculum to a community setting and publication in English.Results Seven articles were included in the review. Interventions were conducted across a variety of settings. All showed a significant amount of weight loss immediately following a DPP-based curriculum, varying in length from 6 to 24 weeks. Three held significance by 12 months. Two ar...
Angioedema with normal C1q and C1 inhibitor: an atypical presentation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Angioedema is a recurrent, non-pitting, non-pruritic, transitory swelling due to transient increase of endothelial permeability in the capillaries of the deep cutaneous and mucosal layers. Angioedema is generally categorized based on etiology, and characteristic lab findings are associated with each category. Cases of acquired angioedema associated with myeloproliferative disorders have been described in the literature, but these have been associated with a characteristic low C1q, a defining laboratory finding in acquired angioedema. Here we present a case of 68-year-old female with acquired angioedema that was not associated with low C1q, but was found to have Waldenstrom disease. Her angioedema responded dramatically to combination therapy consisting of bortezomib, rituximab, and dexamethasone.
PREDICTING SHRINKAGE AND WARPAGE OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE PARTS

One major problem that arises in the design of plastic parts, especially those that are fiber reinforced, is the change of shape and dimension as a result of shrinkage and warpage. These material inhomogeneities are caused by flowinduced fiber orientation, curing, poor thermal mold lay-out, and other processing conditions. This paper presents a simulation that predicts shirnkage and warpage of 3-D compression molded fiber reinforced composite parts. The simulation represents the structure with the 3-noded shell elements used in mold filling simulations. The calculated results indicate that fiber orientation strongly affect the final properties, which vary with different chage locations, have a significant effect on warpage. Unsymmetric curing, caused by uneven mold temperatures, could lead to a thermal moment that could possibly help reduce warpage.
Exact data compression using hierarchical dictionaries

Summary form only given, substantially as follows. This paper describes a new data compression/expansion algorithm which uses multiple (two as an example) dictionaries for storing previously encountered strings of the data file. The first dictionary is a short one, has 128 entries and needs 7 bits to store its address. The second dictionary is a long one, has 32768 entries and requires 15 bits to store its address. Each is initialized with frequently occurring strings. An input data file is compared with the dictionaries so that the longest substring which can be found will give its position in the dictionary as an output code. Compression and expansion use the same procedure to form and update dictionaries. >
Complicating Universal Definitions: How Students of Diverse Worldviews Make Meaning of Spirituality.

This study employed qualitative content analysis to examine the written responses of 1,071 college students to the open-ended survey question, “What does spirituality mean to you?” Connectivity is core to the way many students depict spirituality and is inherently multidimensional, as students emphasize both “external/transcendent” and “internal/immanent” spiritual connections in life. Pathways to spiritual connectivity are distinctive across worldview, with faith, belief, religiosity, and equanimity playing major or minor roles, depending on the student’s worldview.
On the Optimality of Lattice Coding and Decoding in Multiple Access Channels

In this paper, we consider a class of multiple access lattice space-time coding and decoding schemes. We prove an extended version of the Minkowski-Hlawka theorem, utilizing independent Loeliger ensembles. Applying this extension, we prove that lattice coding and decoding achieves the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of multiple access channels.
Campus Administrator and Student Perspectives for Improving Transfer Policy and Practice

This chapter offers a set of recommendations for two-year and four-year institutions related to the evaluation and implementation of transfer policy and practice. These recommendations were drawn from a major study to investigate the perspectives of students, staff, and administrators.
MugShots: everyday objects as social catalysts

We explore how everyday objects can serve as social catalysts to increase social interaction in the workplace. As an initial exploration, we created MugShots, a coffee mug with a wireless OLED display. Users can wirelessly transmit images onto the mug, revealing different self-identities though an everyday object, in turn triggering interest and conversation with others. We present a prototype of MugShots along with a 10 person pilot study to gauge the feasibility of this idea.
A 2.4 GHz Hybrid Polyphase Filter Based BFSK Receiver With High Frequency Offset Tolerance for Wireless Sensor Networks

A low power 2.4 GHz hybrid polyphase filter (PPF) based BFSK receiver with high frequency offset tolerance (FOT) at small modulation indexes (MIs) is presented for medium data rate wireless sensor network applications. A high FOT at low MI is achieved by a frequency-to-energy conversion architecture using PPFs without any frequency correction circuits. Channel selection and interference rejection are performed simultaneously by the PPFs without any extra hardware and power consumption. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid topology of the PPFs provides an improved adjacent channel rejection (ACR) at reduced power. The prototype receiver fabricated in a 0.13-µm CMOS process, including the RF and analog front-ends, consumes 1.97 mW from a 1 V supply. With a data rate of 1 Mb/s, a sensitivity of –84 dBm, a FOT of ${\pm} $ 450 kHz ( ${\pm} $ 180 ppm), and an ACR of 40 dB are achieved for a MI of 2.
Interior ramp-supported uplifts: Implications for sediment provenance in foreland basins

The composition of syntectonic conglomerates in foreland-basin sequences is strongly controlled by the lithology of strata exposed to erosion in uplifted thrust plates. Consideration of the styles and mechanisms of uplift in thrust belts, combined with knowledge of sediment provenance and dispersal in eroding thrusted terranes, leads to the concept of interior ramp-supported uplift as a potential mechanism for generating syntectonic conglomerates in foreland basins. Interior ramp-supported uplift occurs when an older, inactive thrust plate that is part of the upper plate of a younger, active thrust is transported over a ramp in the younger thrust. Uplift and folding of the inactive thrust plate re-establish the older thrusted terrane as a sediment source area. This mechanism is utilized to account for the deposition of a thick accumulation of quartzite-clast conglomerate (Harebell and Pinyon Formations) in the Sevier foreland basin of northwestern Wyoming. Other hypotheses of uplift-erosion-deposition suggested to explain the origin of these deposits include (1) basement-involved uplift, (2) progressive clast recycling through multiple episodes of fluvial transport during uplift on successive thrust plates, and (3) direct transport from the toe of active thrusts. Although these mechanisms all undoubtedly operate in eroding thrusted terranes, each has limitations to its potential validity as source for quartzite debris in the northwestern Wyoming foreland basin. The concept of interior ramp-supported uplift alleviates many of the inconsistencies of other models and is compatible with observations elsewhere in the Cordilleran thrust belt. The interior uplift model also implies that uplift of an older, inactive thrusted terrane over ramps of active thrusts may be the primary factor in the development of topographic relief in fold-thrust belts.
Mathematical Model Reformulation for Lithium-Ion Battery Simulations: Galvanostatic Boundary Conditions

This paper presents an effective first step in the mathematical reformulation of physics-based lithium-ion battery models to improve computational efficiency. While the additional steps listed elsewhere Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 10, A225 2007 can be carried out to expedite the computation, the method described here is an effective first step toward efficient reformulation of lithium-ion battery models to expedite computation. The battery model used for the simulation is derived from the first principles as an isothermal pseudo-two-dimensional model with volume-averaged equations for the solid phase and with incorporation of concentrated solution theory, porous electrode theory, and with due consideration to the variations in electronic/ionic conductivities and diffusivities. The nature of the model and the structure of the governing equations are exploited to facilitate model reformulation, yielding efficient and accurate numerical computations.
Microwave Hall-mobility measurements on 1-dimensional conducting systems [K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3. × H2O and quinolinium (TCNQ)2]

The Hall mobilities of two examples of 1-dimensional conducting systems are reported; for the first time, a microwave technique has been used. The microwave technique was the only appropriate method for these very small crystals.
Rapid protyping CHIL methodology for advanced converter studies

This paper addresses the utilization of a rapid-prototyping control methodology coupled with a real-time digital simulator to facilitate the instantiation of a 10kW multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) converter. Multi-level converters offer a wide range of benefits due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with less quantization, resulting in lower THD; and the ability to reduce device stress enabling them to operate over a larger range of voltage. In this specific case we are addressing the controller development of a 3L-NPC operating at 1kHz utilizing a space-vector modulated switching algorithm. In this particular application the 3L-NPC is operating as an active rectifier in unity power factor mode on the input side and providing a 3 terminal DC output. At up-scaled power levels these type of converters could potentially provide a proposed DC distribution system aboard next generation navy ships.
Guggulsterone inhibits adipocyte differentiation and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Objective: To determine the effects of guggulsterone (GS), the active substance in guggulipid, on apoptosis, adipogenesis, and lipolysis using 3T3-L1 cells. Methods and Procedures: For apoptosis and lipolysis experiments, mature adipocytes were treated with GS isomers. Viability, apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activation were quantified using MTS, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), caspase-Glo 3/7 activity assay, respectively. The expression of cytochrome c was demonstrated by western blot. Lipolysis was quantified by measuring the release of glycerol. For adipogenesis experiments, postconfluent preadipocytes were incubated with GS isomers for up to 6 days during maturation. Adipogenesis was quantified by measuring lipid content using Nile Red dye. Western blot was also used to demonstrate the adipocyte-specific transcription factors peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and C/EBPβ. Results: In mature adipocytes cis-GS decreased viability, whereas the trans-GS isomer had little effect. Both isomers caused dose-dependent increases in apoptosis and cis-GS was more effective than trans-GS in inducing apoptosis. cis- and trans-GS also increased caspase-3 activity and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. In maturing preadipocytes, both isomers were equally effective in reducing lipid content. The adipocyte-specific transcription factors PPARγ2, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ were downregulated after treatment with cis-GS during the maturation period. Furthermore, cis-GS increased basal lipolysis of mature adipocytes, but trans-GS had no effect. Discussion: These results indicate that GS isomers may exert antiobesity effects by inhibiting differentiation of preadipocytes, and by inducing apoptosis and promoting lipolysis of mature adipocytes. The cis-GS isomer was more potent than the trans-GS isomer in inducing apoptosis and lipolysis in mature adipocytes.
Vertex- and edge-minimal and locally minimal graphs

Given a family of graphs G, a graph [email protected]?G is called edge-minimal (vertex-minimal) if G^'@?G for every subgraph (induced subgraph) G^' of G; furthermore, G is called locally edge-minimal (locally vertex-minimal) if G^'@?G whenever G^' is obtained from G by deleting an edge (a vertex). Similarly, the concepts of minimality and local minimality are introduced for directed graphs (digraphs) and, more generally, for partially ordered sets. For example, by the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, the only vertex-minimal graphs with @g>@w are odd holes and anti-holes. In contrast, the only locally vertex-minimal graphs with @g>@w are partitionable graphs. Somewhat surprisingly, there are infinitely many non-trivial perfect graphs that are locally edge-minimal and -maximal simultaneously. In other words, such a graph is perfect but it becomes imperfect after any edge is deleted from or added to it. In this paper we consider vertex- and edge-minimal and locally minimal graphs in the following families: (i) perfect and imperfect graphs, (ii) graphs with @[email protected] and with @g>@w, (iii) digraphs that have a kernel and kernel-free digraphs, and finally, (iv) vertex-minimal complementary connected d-graphs.
Microstructural evidence for complex formation histories of amoeboid olivine aggregates from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite

The microstructures and compositions of olivine and refractory components in six amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs) in the Allan Hills A77307 CO3.0 chondrite have been characterized in detail using the focused ion beam sample preparation technique with transmission electron microscopy. In the AOAs, refractory components (perovskite, melilite, spinel, anorthite, and Al-Ti-bearing diopside) provide evidence of a high degree of textural and compositional heterogeneity, suggesting that these phases have formed by disequilibrium gas–solid condensation at high temperatures under highly dynamic conditions. We infer different possible reactions of early-condensed solid minerals (perovskite and spinel) with a nebular gas, forming diopside with wide ranges of Al and Ti contents and/or anorthite. The progressive, incomplete consumption of spinel in these reactions may have resulted in the Cr enrichment in the remaining, unreacted spinel in the AOAs. In contrast to the refractory components, olivines in the AOAs have equilibrated textures with 120° triple junctions, indicating that the AOAs were subjected to high-temperature annealing after agglomeration of olivine and refractory components. Because the AOAs consist of fine-grained olivine grains with numerous pores, the annealing is constrained by experimental data to have occurred for a short duration of the order of a few hours to tens of hours depending on the annealing temperature. In comparison, the effects of annealing on the refractory components are minimal, probably due to pinning of grain boundaries in the multiphase assemblages that inhibited grain growth.
Oxygen consumption and body fat content of young lean and obese (OB/OB) mice.

SummaryRates of oxygen consumption were determined daily from birth to 19 days of age and weekly thereafter until 16 weeks of age in lean and obese mice. As early as 5 days after birth obese mice consumed less oxygen than lean mice. Obese mice weighed more than lean mice by 6 days of age and contained 38% more fat than lean mice at 7 days of age. At 14 days of age obese mice contained 53% more fat than lean mice. Beyond 3 weeks of age oxygen consumption of obese mice was less than observed in lean mice when the results were expressed per g body weight, but the values for obese and lean mice were similar when expressed per animal. These results demonstrate that alterations in energy metabolism occur very early in the life of obese mice.
Hardened networks: incremental upgrading of the Internet for attack resilience

Network security is conventionally implemented at the edge of the network (such as SSL, SSh), or router-based filtering. They require the awareness from the users and the understanding of the complicated configuration. They do little to provide resilience to network attacks. In this paper, we discuss a different approach to enhance of network security. We use smarter routers to build security mechanisms (source authentication, flow control, encryption) into the fabric of the network. It allows for incremental upgrading as well as compatibility with all current protocols. Since the security mechanisms are at the router level, there is no impact on the end user. We also show some implementation and simulation results.
Safety and efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII for refractory hemorrhage in pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a single center review:

Background:Medically refractory hemorrhage in patients on ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) support can have catastrophic complications. Recombinant-Activated Factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven...
The lived experience of men with erectile dysfunction was reflected in the themes of loss and being alone with it.

(2002) J Clin Nurs 11, 264. Pontin D, Porter T, McDonagh R. . Investigating the effect of erectile dysfunction on the lives of men: a qualitative research study. . ; . : . –72 . [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] QUESTION: What are the issues facing men who live with erectile dysfunction (ED), particularly in their relationships with women partners and in their interactions with the wider community? Qualitative study. United Kingdom. A convenience sample of 9 men (age range 28–72 y) who were selected from new general practitioner (GP) referrals to a district general hospital and a specialist neurology clinic. Men participated in semistructured indepth interviews that were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed using an iterative process to generate categories and themes. 2 main themes, loss and being alone with it, emerged . These 2 themes were connected via the meta-categories making sense of it, telling other people, and place of sex in the relationship . The theme of loss was related to a sense of manhood: “How can I be a man if I can’t maintain or have erections?” Men referred to a hierarchy of signs that confer manhood (with erections at the top, followed by penile sensation, desire for sex, and ejaculations), and gauged the seriousness of their ED by comparing it with this hierarchy. They generally believed there was a lack of public … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bclinical%2Bnursing%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BClin%2BNurs%26rft.aulast%253DPontin%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%26rft.volume%253D11%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D264%26rft.epage%253D272%26rft.atitle%253DInvestigating%2Bthe%2Beffect%2Bof%2Berectile%2Bdysfunction%2Bon%2Bthe%2Blives%2Bof%2Bmen%253A%2Ba%2Bqualitative%2Bresearch%2Bstudy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11903726%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11903726&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F6%2F1%2F32.1.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000174468100016&link_type=ISI
Document indexing and retrieval using natural language processing

In information retrieval, the content of a document may be represented as a collection of terms: words, stems, phrases, or other units derived or inferred from the text of the document. These terms are usually weighted to indicate their importance within the document which can then be viewed as a vector in a N-dimensional space. In this paper we demonstrate that a proper term weighting is at least as important as their selection, and that different types of terms (e.g., words, phrases, names), and terms derived by different means (e.g., statistical, linguistic) must be treated differently for a maximum benefit in retrieval. We report results of selected experiments with our prototype natural language information retrieval system performed in connection with the second Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2) using a 550 Mbytes Wall Street Journal database and a 300 Mbytes San Jose Mercury database.
The Competency of State Courts to Adjudicate Patent-Based Malpractice Claims

An underlying problem in patent malpractice litigation is the tension between federal patent law and state tort laws that govern malpractice. Although jurisdictional questions are easy to resolve in simple negligence cases, the complexities of concurrent jurisdiction surface when issues of patent validity, enforceability, and scope arise in the context of a malpractice action. First, I argue that the choice of forum matters, especially for the attorney-defendant. Second, malpractice, the risk of malpractice, and the costs associated with patent acquisition and litigation compel a need for the correct forum to reach the right decision. Third, state adjudication of a patent issue may have a nationwide preclusive effect. Fourth, state court adjudication escapes Federal Circuit review, which defeats the uniformity that Congress sought to achieve in creating that court. Therefore, I contend that courts must strike a balance between state sovereignty and the need for the judiciary to make consistent, uniform, and informed decisions.
Squeak and Rattle Behavior of Elastomers and Plastics: Effect of Normal Load, Sliding Velocity, and Environment

The use of plastics and elastomers, for interior and exterior automotive components, presents a risk of frictionally incompatible materials contacting each other, resulting in squeaks, ticks, chirps... Ford's NVH S&R Department, and MB Dynamics have developed a tester (Figures 1 and 2) that can measure friction, and sound, as a function of sliding velocity, normal load, surface roughness, and environmental factors that allows us to provide up-stream engineering information to Forward Model Design Engineers. When material pairs undergo sliding contact, friction forces can cause elastic deformation adjacent to the contacting surfaces. The elastic deformation is a mechanism for storing energy and sound is produced when the energy is released. The sound that we hear may be a squeak or squeal (multiple stick-slip) or a tick (single stick-slip). However if the sliding material composition (e.g. coatings, low friction additives...) and the structure (surface roughness or stiffness/compliance) of the sliding components is properly selected, we can avoid or minimize noise by minimizing elastic deformation and therefore the release of stored elastic energy. The release of the stored elastic energy can occur when the kinetic friction is less than the static friction. This difference can be duplicated during single excursion events or when undergoing sine or random vibration. In the case of thermoplastics, cold temperatures can have a major influence on acoustic properties by reducing chain mobility (Tg) at the sliding contact surface leading to an increase in the surface contact stiffness and therefore changing the elastic deformation properties.
Domain independent data discrepancy detection using ensemble learning

Data entry and acquisition are prone to errors and discrepancies. The data cleaning problem is an important process and a key challenge in data warehousing, pattern recognition, knowledge discovery in databases, data mining, and data quality management. In this paper, we present an ensemble that automates the task of domain-independent data discrepancy detection. The system uses a set of predictors/classifiers combined into an ensemble, and identifies potentially erroneous attributes in data sets. The ensemble incorporates individual predictive algorithms and learns which is most accurate for each attribute in the data set. The system was trained and tested on five real-world data sets totaling over 25,000 data records, and on varying error detection thresholds. The results show that for the best error detection thresholds data errors are identified with median accuracy of 89% (average 87% with standard deviation of 12.6), and with low false positive rates (median 8.4%, and average of 13.5% with standard deviation of 9.5).
Removal of Acid Black 1 from water by the pulsed corona discharge advanced oxidation method

Abstract Water pollution is a major global problem. Organic pollutants are one of the major groups of toxic and carcinogenic contaminants that, due to their complex structures, show resistance to biodegradation processes. The pulsed corona discharge (PCD) advanced oxidation technology, with a point-to-point configuration of the electrodes immersed in the aqueous solution, was used for decomposing Acid Black 1 (AB1) as a representative of synthetic organic azo dyes. The effects of electrical field frequencies (60 and 120 Hz) and electrode gap spaces (2, 4 and 6 mm) on decomposition of AB1 were investigated. The largest decomposition achieved was 99.93% with optimal conditions of electrical field frequencies of 120 Hz and an 8 mm electrode gap space. Also, the effect of the catalytic properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the treatment process of the PCD reactor was investigated. Different concentrations of TiO 2 NPs (0.075, 0.3, 0.08 and 3 gL −1 ) were tested. A concentration of 0.08 gL −1 TiO 2 was found to be the optimal concentration that increased the dye degradation from 52.62% (with no titanium dioxide nano particles) to 94.14% in 15 min. However, a higher concentration of TiO 2 showed the adverse effect and decreased the degradation level of AB1. Finally, the pulsed corona discharge as an oxidation process was compared with the photocatalytic processes of UV, UV/H 2 O 2 and UV/TiO 2 in terms of removing AB1 from an aqueous solution, and promising results were reported.
Evaluation of Foliar Insecticide Treatments for the Control of Foliar Insects in Potatoes in Virginia, 2014

The objective of this experiment was to assess the efficacy of foliar and soil insecticides for the control of CPB and PLH. The trial consisted of 12 treatments arranged in an RCB design with four replicates. Potatoes were planted on 14 April 2013 at the Virginia Tech Eastern Shore AREC near Painter, VA. Plots were 2 rows wide and 20 ft (6.1 m) long with unplanted guard rows on each side. Rows were planted on a 3 ft row center (0.9 m) with 11 inches (0.3 m) between plants, in a 6 tier field design with 8 ft …
Dynamics ofT=2 Σ-π system.-I.

A dynamical calculation using Balazs typesN/D method is performed for theT=2 Σ-π system inP 3/2 state. Self-consistent solutions for the position and residue of a resonance are obtained for a wide range of the relevant Yukawa coupling constants and different sets of matching points. Some remarks are made regarding interpretation of the results
Experimental Study of Salt Bead Dissolutions in Aqueous Solvents

Bead dissolutions of several chloride compounds—lithium chloride-potassium chloride (LiCl-KCl) eutectic, lithium chloride (LiCl), strontium chloride (SrCl2), cerium chloride (CeCl3), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), praseodymium chloride (PrCl3), and yttrium chloride (YCl3)—were performed in water at 20 °C. Additional bead dissolutions involved LiCl-KCl beads in two types of brine solvents. Each bead diameter was measured and found to change linearly with time in water. A model regression to these measured data resulted with R2 > 0.942. Results indicated dissolution was faster in water than in the brines. Calculated mass transfer coefficients were in the range of 1.00 × 10–2 mm s−1 to 2.67 × 10–2 mm s−1. Based on a Sherwood correlation, Sh = 2 + 0.0254Gr0.333Sc0.577, calculated diffusion coefficients were in the range of 10–5 mm2 s−1 to 10–3 mm2 s−1. Results implied mass transfer of the eutectic was dominated by diffusion, whereas a transition from natural convection to diffusion was inferred for the other sol...
FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS DURING FAT-FREE REFEEDING OF STARVED RATS.

Refeeding starved rats a fat-free diet over a 48 hr period brings about a marked elevation in the activity of the enzymes in liver cytoplasm which catalyze the synthesis of saturated fatty acids from acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA. Acetate incorporation into palmitoleic and oleic acid is also accelerated during this period. Enhanced capability for the synthesis of these fatty acids is reflected in the net accumulation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the triglyceride fraction of the liver lipids. Coincident with these events the relative amount of linoleic acid among liver fatty acids rapidly falls. These changes are substantially the same as those observed in early linoleic acid deficiency.
Pharmacoeconomic model of enoxaparin versus heparin for prevention of deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement

The costs of heparin and enoxaparin to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after total hip replacement in the U.S. treatment environment were compared. A decision model was used in a pharmacoeconomic comparison of subcutaneous enoxaparin and subcutaneous heparin, each given for seven days, for the prophylaxis of DVT. In the model, three outcome pathways could follow prophylaxis: proximal DVT, distal DVT, and no DVT (but with a possible false-positive clinical diagnosis of DVT). Probabilities of thromboembolic events and major bleeding were derived from three randomized clinical trials. Account was also taken of the effects of pulmonary embolism (PE). Pharmacoeconomic studies and expert opinion were relied on for the model's principal resource-use categories and costs for DVT prophylaxis, clinical diagnosis of DVT and PE, and DVT and PE treatment. The outcome of choice for the model was the number of DVT events avoided. Regardless of the trial data used, the total mean cost of enoxaparin prophylaxis ($3336 to $3380) exceeded the cost of heparin prophylaxis ($3292 to $3330). However, enoxaparin was more cost-effective in avoiding DVT than heparin, irrespective of the trial on which the analysis was modeled. A sensitivity analysis involving length of hospital stay and length of prophylactic therapy showed the model to be robust and gave the advantage in all instances to enoxaparin in cost per DVT avoided. A model of enoxaparin versus heparin DVT prophylaxis after total hip replacement showed that enoxaparin was more costly than heparin in overall expected treatment costs but more cost-effective in the avoidance of DVT.
Design and Implementation of the Management Information System of House in the University Laboratory

Along with the speeding up enrollment expanding process, more and more colleges enlarge their teaching scales and have new campuses which are far away from the old campuses. Based on the above condition the authors stated the necessity for establishing information management system of house in the university laboratory, give a deep elaboration for the system's function models and main characters and offered the suitable working conditions which are fit for the hardware and software. It is a good try for improving the management of house in the university laboratory.
Experimental and analytical study of a porous media reformer with passive air entrainment

Abstract A porous media fuel reformer featuring passive air entrainment and a surface-stabilized flame is demonstrated and utilized for the reformation of methane. Passive air entrainment negates the need for auxiliary resources beyond a source of compressed fuel gas for operation, making a reformer of this design promising for applications such as replacement of hydrocarbon flaring with syngas generation at isolated oil and gas production sites and generation of syngas in other remote locations. The porous media reformer design presented in this study incorporates an eductor to entrain ambient air and a swirl mixing chamber and porous media bed to premix fuel and oxidizer before combustion. A range of methane flow rates was tested in this study, and the effect on air entrainment, and therefore equivalence ratio, was examined. A wide range of stable operating conditions shows a large turndown ratio of the reformer and burning rate ratios greater than unity. Fuel conversion efficiency and syngas production were evaluated and concentrations of methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are presented for a range of methane flow rates. Product compositions are compared to equilibrium and a high extent of fuel conversion efficiency is shown. An analytical model that accounts for reformer geometry and operating conditions to predict air entrainment and equivalence ratio is presented and compared with the experimental results. The analytical model compares favorably with the experimental results and can guide future reformer development and scaling.
The Political Economy of the Street and its Discontents

ABSTRACTAt mid-century, British journalists and reformers warned that beggars menaced the country's economic and political health, and nowhere more so than in the streets of London. At first glance, the cultural and institutional history of the period yields the impression that British society had ceased to view mendicants as legitimate objects of charity. Yet, an examination of other sources from Victorian London demonstrates that many Britons continued to tolerate, support or even protect beggars. Such actions demonstrate the continued power of appeals to the emotions and older traditions of charity despite the country's transition to an urban-industrial society informed by the doctrines of classical political economy.
Peritoneal Drain Placement at Pancreatoduodenectomy

Routine peritoneal drainage has traditionally accompanied pancreatoduodenectomy, yet its efficacy has been questioned in recent years. The first randomized, controlled trial to evaluate this practice reported an association between drainage and intra-abdominal abscess, fluid collection, and fistula following major pancreatic resections. Since that study, several retrospective works have also found little to no advantage from routine drainage. Conversely, a recent randomized, controlled trial suggested that eliminating drains increases the frequency and severity of complications. A deeper analysis of that trial demonstrated a benefit to selective drainage based on the degree of risk for developing clinically relevant pancreatic fistula, as assessed by the Fistula Risk Score. Drainage appeared to confer no benefit to patients with negligible and low fistula risk, while drain placement in moderate and high fistula risk patients was associated with significantly lower rates of intra-abdominal abscess, clinically relevant pancreatic fistula, and IR-guided percutaneous drainage. The Fistula Risk Score can identify patients who benefit from peritoneal drainage at pancreatoduodenectomy. The highest quality evidence on this topic suggests calculating the Fistula Risk Score intraoperatively, at the point of reconstruction, and placing drains in only patients with moderate or high clinically relevant pancreatic fistula risk.
Cross-platform access-rights analysis of mobile applications

We live in the era of mobile computing. Mobile devices havemore sensors and more capabilities than desktop computers. Forany computing device that contains sensitive information andaccesses the Internet, security is a major concern for bothenterprises and end-users. Of the mobile devices commonly inuse, iOS and Android are the prevalent platforms; each platformhas a unique architecture and security policy relating to howthey handle these sensitive permissions; due to these differencesone platform is likely more secure than the other. A deep staticand dynamic analysis of the applications available for eachplatform was conducted in order to determine on whichoverprivileged applications were more prevalent.
Analysis of Collision Risk for Freight Trains in the United States

Railroads support the national economy by carrying 43% of intercity freight ton-miles in the United States. At the same time, train accidents damage infrastructure and rolling stock, disrupt operations, and may result in casualties and environmental damage. While the majority of previous studies focused on the safety risks associated with train derailments or highway–rail grade-crossing incidents, much less work has been undertaken to evaluate train collision risk. This paper develops a statistical methodology for risk analysis of freight train collisions in the United States occurring between 2000 and 2014. Negative binomial regression models were developed to estimate the frequency of freight train collisions as a function of year and traffic volume, both by track type and accident cause. Overall, the rate of train collisions declined in the study period on both main line and yard tracks. Severity of train collisions, as measured by the average number of railcars derailed, varied with the type of track ...
The NATO Warsaw Summit: Reflections on Unfinished Business

AbstractThe deterioration of the European security environment has put NATO back at the centre of transatlantic strategy. The recent Alliance summit in Warsaw focused on some critical priorities, above all strengthening European security vis-a-vis an increasingly assertive Russia. But the summit left some other pressing matters to be addressed, including the difficult questions of strategy toward the Black Sea, the Mediterranean and the south in general. Concerns about Brexit, the US elections and the challenge of trust on both sides of the Atlantic were just below the surface in Warsaw.
Southern Masculinity in American Rock Music

In the United States it is often said American music is actually southern music, considering how all the genres considered ‘Americana’ originated in the southeastern region of the country. Even though rock-n-roll seems to have evolved well beyond the music’s regional roots, a historical analysis of rock over the last half century reveals the music retains its connection to southern masculine rebelliousness. While rock has undergone many changes and now exists in many subgenres, the music is still primarily written and performed by men, for audiences comprised of men. These male musicians use their music and vocals to express the frustration that come from an economically marginalized existence in the world’s richest country. By illustrating ways to rebel against the middle-class status quo, musicians and singers become more than just artists, but also role models as they musically express ways all men can compensate for a marginalized class status and reclaim their masculinity.
Entrepreneurship and universities

This paper examines the link between universities and entrepreneurship. The paper finds three distinct ways that universities influence entrepreneurship - technology transfer, knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurship capital.
Expecting penises in Chatroulette: Race, gender, and sexuality in anonymous online spaces

ABSTRACTAs a femme woman of color, I employ critical autoethnography based on my participant observation within Chatroulette for a qualitative study on how online impressions through web cameras with strangers are formed in quick bursts of time. Chatroulette’s anonymity adds interesting context for impression creation in an online environment that emphasizes ocularcentrism of the embodied self. This article adds to methodologies of self-care for the qualitative researcher by positioning the issue of self-care in the online field, where “regular” interactions based on race, gender, sexuality, and more may leave autoethnographers from marginalized communities especially vulnerable. This study complicates the conceptual boundaries of “audience,” “participation,” and “observation” for online autoethnographic research. This research contributes to impression formation theory by focusing on the importance of the body in immediate, one-time impression constructions with conversational partners online. Race, gend...
Calorimetric Measurements of Surface Energy of Amorphous HfO2 Nanoparticles Produced by Gas Phase Condensation

Thermodynamics of nanomaterials is strongly influenced by the energetic contribution from atoms located at the interfaces. Therefore, accurately assessing the surface energy of nanomaterials is essential for calculating and predicting thermodynamic properties. In the present work, surface energy of amorphous hafnium oxide (am-HfO2) nanoparticles was measured using independent calorimetric techniques. am-HfO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by condensation from a gas phase generated through laser evaporation of bulk HfO2 targets at 0.1 Torr oxygen pressure. Their surface energy was directly measured using high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and water adsorption calorimetry. The measured surface energies using the above techniques, respectively, are 0.76 ± 0.12, 0.47 ± 0.2, and 0.59 ± 0.1 J/m2. The differences among the surface energy values are about 0.3 J/m2, which is generally within the experimental uncertainties and different assumptions for each techniqu...