cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Milling and Baking Quality of Low Phytic Acid Wheat

Low phytic acid (LPA) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one approach to improving nutritional quality of wheat by reducing the major storage form of phosphorus and increasing the level of inorganic phosphorus, which is more readily absorbed by humans and other monogastric animals. Milling and baking quality evaluations were conducted on hard red, hard white, and soft white spring wheat grain from field trials to evaluate the effects of the LPA genotype on the end-use quality of wheat. In hard wheat backgrounds, the LPA genotypes were not associated with detrimental effects on flour protein concentration, dough mixing properties, or bread loaf volume. LPA wheats had consistent, substantial increases (up to 0.93 g kg 21 ) in flour ash concentration relative to wild-type (WT) wheats. Higher flour ash in WT wheats is often a sign of higher aluerone and bran fragments which are visually evident in dulling of Asian noodles color. However, initial alkaline noodle brightness (L* 5 86.8–87.5) from hard white LPA flours was at least as high as from hard white wild-type flours (L* 5 86.1–87.9). LPA genotypes have demonstrated a significant redistribution of minerals from the bran to the endosperm; this redistribution of minerals most likely caused the increase in flour ash rather than greater partitioning of bran into the flour. In the soft wheat background, LPA genotypes had greater sodium carbonate and sucrose SRC (31 and 43 g kg 21 greater than wild type, respectively), suggesting that LPA wheats milled with greater apparent starch damage and/or pentosan content than WT sib lines.
Detection of cartilage damage in femoroacetabular impingement with standardized dGEMRIC at 3 T.

Summary Objective This study aimed at identifying the optimal threshold value to detect cartilage lesions with Standardized delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) at 3 T and evaluate intra- and inter-observer repeatability. Design We retrospectively reviewed 20 hips in 20 patients. dGEMRIC maps were acquired at 3 T along radial imaging planes of the hip and standardized to remove the effects of patient's age, sex and diffusion of gadolinium contrast. Two observers separately evaluated 84 Standardized dGEMRIC maps, both by visual inspection and using an average index for a region of interest (ROI) in the acetabular cartilage. A radiologist evaluated the acetabular cartilage on morphologic MR images at exactly the same locations. Using intra-operative findings as reference, the optimal threshold to detect cartilage lesions with Standardized dGEMRIC was assessed and results were compared with the diagnostic performance of morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Using z z for the acetabular cartilage, compared to 37%, 90% and 56% for morphologic assessment. The kappa coefficient was 0.76 and 0.68 for intra- and inter-observer repeatability, respectively, indicating substantial agreement. Conclusions Standardized dGEMRIC at 3 T is accurate in detecting cartilage damage and could improve preoperative assessment in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). As cartilage lesions in FAI are localized, visual inspection of the Standardized dGEMRIC maps is more accurate than an average z for the acetabular cartilage.
Ecology of Plant and Free-Living Nematodes in Natural and Agricultural Soil

Nematodes are aquatic organisms that depend on thin water films to live and move within existing pathways of soil pores of 25–100 μm diameter. Soil nematodes can be a tool for testing ecological hypotheses and understanding biological mechanisms in soil because of their central role in the soil food web and linkage to ecological processes. Ecological succession is one of the most tested community ecology concepts, and a variety of nematode community indices have been proposed for purposes of environmental monitoring. In contrast, theories of biogeography, colonization, optimal foraging, and niche partitioning by nematodes are poorly understood. Ecological hypotheses related to strategies of coexistence of nematode species sharing the same resource have potential uses for more effective biological control and use of organic amendments to foster disease suppression. Essential research is needed on nematodes in natural and agricultural soils to synchronize nutrient release and availability relative to plant ...
Hidden transmission: a method to improve the performance of a token ring network

The statistically available bandwidth in token ring networks is analyzed and a protocol called Hidden Transmission is proposed which will enable a token ring network to give better performance under all load conditions. The analysis shows that for every data packet transmitted, up to 0.7 extra packets can be transmitted in one rotation of the data packet. This unused bandwidth can be used to carry extra data. It is anticipated that an improvement of 50 to 70% in throughput can be achieved with the proposed protocol for a token ring network containing at least two nodes. The changes to current token passing protocols in order to add this feature are discussed. >
Zebrafish as a Model for Studying Kidney Regeneration

Kidney disease affects millions of people and represents a growing health care burden. There is no cure for loss of kidney function, because humans are born with a finite number of nephrons with limited ability to repair themselves after injury. Zebrafish kidneys have the remarkable ability to regenerate after injury by adding new nephrons as well as repairing existing nephrons as mammals do. In fish, new nephrons are able to differentiate in situ and functionally connect to the existing tubular architecture throughout the life of the adult animal. Zebrafish kidney regeneration allows investigation of common mechanisms for repair of nephrons after injury while giving insights into completely unique mechanisms for reserving and maintaining a multipotent progenitor cell population. In this review, we give an overview of zebrafish kidney development and regeneration, explore available genetic tools, survey different injury models, and consider implications for human kidney regeneration.
Modifications of estuarine sedimentary microbiota by exclusion of epibenthic predators

Abstract The ability of epibenthic predators (crabs and fishes) to influence biomass and community structure of sedimentary microbiota was investigated in St. George Sound-Apalachicola Bay System, Florida, U.S.A. Replicate areas (4 m 2 ) of mud-flat sediment were caged in the field to confine and exclude predators. Uncaged areas were used as controls. The microbiota (prokaryotes and microeukaryotes) of the sediments was characterized at Weeks 0, 2, and 6 by measuring concentrations of phospholipid and analyzing fatty acids of the microbial lipids extracted from the sediments. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and step-wise discriminant analysis. After 2 wk, the microbiota of the predator exclusion treatment was significantly different from that in control and predator inclusion treatments. After 6 wk, these differences became more pronounced. There were no demonstrable caging effects that could account for treatment differences. Results indicated that removal of predators had a profound effect on microbial communities in estuarine sediments. Thus, the top trophic level (epibenthic predators) had an important role in regulating the structure of the lowest trophic level (the microbiota).
Message in a nucleus: signaling to the transcriptional machinery

Tissue differentiation and signal transduction involve dramatic changes in gene expression. These changes can be brought about by the expression or activation of sequence-specific transcription factors. In order to regulate their target genes, such factors must navigate the intricate chromatin environment and engage the complex basal transcriptional machinery. We discuss three mechanisms through which signaling pathways can interact with complexes that alter chromatin structure or recruit RNA polymerase II. Signals that promote differentiation may alter the properties of such transcriptional regulatory complexes by incorporating tissue-specific subunits. Alternatively, adaptor subunits specialized to interact with specific transcription factors may allow a single complex to respond to multiple signals. Finally, individual regulatory proteins may integrate a variety of signals, allowing crosstalk between pathways.
Central pontine myelinolysis after rapid correction of hyponatremia: A magnetic resonance imaging study

We describe a patient with severe hyponatremia (serum sodium 94 mmol/L) who developed encephalopathy and decorticate posturing after a 29 mmol/L rise in serum sodium concentration during the first 24 hours of correction. High-resolution computed tomography of the pons was normal during the first, second, and twelfth weeks of the illness. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pontine lesion consistent with central pontine myelinolysis.
CILT2000: Visualization and Modeling

CILT2000 helped VisMod evolve from a collection of local and distinct research and development efforts into a solid field of education. Previous intellectual efforts focused around (a) modeling and simulation tools, (b) visual explanation tools, (c) visual data analysis tools, (d) exploring student needs in the context of VisMod, and (e) exploring instructional frameworks for VisMod. These focus areas have evolved in two main trajectories, representing the evolution of the field, the generalization trend, which seeks to identify general principles and guidelines for designing learning environments, and the equitable application trend, seeking to use knowledge gained in the field to leverage education in general.
Bit errors due to channel modulation of media jitter

Recording media written-in transition jitter noise can limit magnetic recording systems. Read channel intersymbol interference (ISI) modulates media jitter in a head/disk/channel, attenuating jitter at low linear density due to classical ISI but amplifying at high density. This paper assesses whether jitter modulation is significant in typical disk drive peak detect (PD) and partial response (PR) channel design, where maximum linear bit density is sought at a specified bit error rate (BER). Experimental isolated pulse data, transition noise, and electronic noise measurements from a 65 mm head/disk recording design are used as inputs to a Matlab simulation of PD and PR Lorentzian channel low pass and boost filters, PD differentiator filter, PR digital filter, and PD/PR bit detectors. The goal of such models is optimizing the designable PD and PR channel parameters for realistic maximum linear density prediction. However their complexity obscures the jitter modulation contribution, which is demonstrated here by the shift in the EER versus density curves, when the jitter modulation is mathematically turned off. Jitter modulation is thereby shown to be significant but not dominant in (1,7) PD density limits. About an order of magnitude BER loss due to jitter modulation can occur at typical PD linear channel bit densities P/sub 50//T/spl ap/2. Jitter amplification in PD channels can occur at channel density 3.8 (above usable PD limits). PR channels only amplify media jitter, degrading EER by about an order of magnitude at typical (0, k) PR4 densities, and degrading timing channel accuracy twice as fast as channel density increases. Lorentzian isolated pulse (ISOP) modeling is compared to recording physics mathematical pulses, and simulation statistical validity checks are made.
Size and charge effects on the structural stability of LiMO2 (M = transition metal) compounds

Abstract The stuctural stability of ordered rocksalt structures with composition AMO2 (A =alkali metal; M =transition metal) is investigated as a function of size and charge of the cations. Many of these materials are of interest for their applications as intercalation electrodes in rechargeable batteries. The ionic size and charge of the A and M cations are controlled by varying the cation-oxygen interaction parameters of a Buckinghani interaction potential. Our calculations show that the α-LiFeO2 structure is stabilized for A and M cations of approximately the same size because of a favourable electrostatic energy. As size differences between the cations are increased, the layered α-NaFeO structure is stabilized. The LiMnO2 and low-temperature LiCoO2 structures are found to be stable only in a narrow region of parameter space. These calculations also show that as the charge on the M cation is reduced, the α-NaFeO2 structure is stabilized for a wider range of cation sizes. We compare the results of our c...
Assessment of the swine protein-annotated oligonucleotide microarray

The specificity and utility of the swine protein-annotated oligonucleotide microarray, or Pigoligoarray (http://www.pigoligoarray.org), has been evaluated by profiling the expression of transcripts from four porcine tissues. Tools for comparative analyses of expression on the Pigoligoarray were developed including HGNC identities and comparative mapping alignments with human orthologs. Hybridization results based on the Pigoligoarray's sets of control, perfect match (PM) and deliberate mismatch (MM) probes provide an important means of assessing non-specific hybridization. Simple descriptive diagnostic analyses of PM/MM probe sets are introduced in this paper as useful tools for detecting non-specific hybridization. Samples of RNA from liver, brain stem, longissimus dorsi muscle and uterine endothelium from four pigs were prepared and hybridized to the arrays. Of the total 20,400 oligonucleotides on the Pigoligoarray, 12,429 transcripts were putatively differentially expressed (DE). Analyses for tissue-specific expression [over-expressed in one tissue with respect to all the remaining three tissues (q < 0.01)] identified 958 DE transcripts in liver, 726 in muscle, 286 in uterine endothelium and 1027 in brain stem. These hybridization results were confirmed by quantitative PCR (QPCR) expression patterns for a subset of genes after affirming that cDNA and amplified antisense RNA (aRNA) exhibited similar QPCR results. Comparison to human ortholog expression confirmed the value of this array for experiments of both agricultural importance and for tests using pigs as a biomedical model for human disease.
Self- and cross-citations in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: 1993-2003.

We examined self- and cross-citation practices in JABA and JEAB from 1983 through 1992. Mean levels of self-citation for JABA and for JEAB were 22.6% and 36.1%, respectively. Overall, 2.4% of JABA citations were JEAB articles, and 0.6% of JEAB citations were JABA articles, which suggests limited integration of basic and applied research.
Milker's Eczema An Analysis of forty-two cases

Abstract 1.1. Milker's eczema is a fairly common chronic eczema of the hands occurring in farmers or in other people who milk. 2.2. The recognition of milker's eczema is not difficult. The diagnosis is suggested by the clinical picture (Figs. 1 and 2), the history, and the course of the dermatitis. 3.3. Forty-two cases of milker's eczema are reported. Sensitivity to cattle was the most important specific cause. This sensitivity was demonstrated or suggested by positive skin tests to cattle antigens. Some patients gave positive immediate urticarial reactions; others, delayed tuberculin-type reactions; and others, positive patch test to cattle dander. Most of the cases reported are considered localized atopic dermatitis. 4.4. In three instances contact-type sensitivity to weeds was considered sighificant (Fig. 4). In general, however, milker's eczema differs from contact dermatitis from weeds by its clinical appearance and by the seasonal as well as age and sex incidence. 5.5. In a number of cases other factors were major or minor causes of milker's eczema. 6.6. Recognition of the causative relationship of this form of eczema to milking is essential for successful treatment.
Commentary Paper 2 on "Multi-view Access Monitoring and Singularization in Interlocks"

This is a commentary paper on ldquoMulti-view access monitoring and singularization in interlocksrdquo. Stefano et al. (2008) presents a multi-view approach to access monitoring and classification of single or multiple occupants (singularization detection) in access restricted areas (interlocks). Two main contributions are made by Stefano et al. (2008). One is a robust background subtraction algorithm using multiple background models in various illuminations. This algorithm is used for floor area and floor border segmentation. The second contribution is to extract features from multiple views (two views in the experiments) for singularization detection.
Butyrate increases apical membrane CFTR but reduces chloride secretion in MDCK cells.

Sodium butyrate and its derivatives are useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of genetic diseases including urea cycle disorders, sickle cell disease, thalassemias, and possibly cystic fibros...
Impact of synchronization on signal-to-noise ratio in a distributed radar system

Distributed radar systems are a subset of distributed sensor networks. They are classified as a system of systems due to the processing done at each sensor system and by the network as a whole. The potential signal-to-noise (SNR) gains of a distributed radar system are proportional to N/sup 2/, where N is the number of sensors in the network. This potential is dependant on an assumption that the network transmitters and receivers are synchronized; this paper investigates this assumption. The focus of this work is the frequency, phase, and pulse synchronization of the pulses as they interact at the target. Feedback is discussed as a means of maintaining synchronization. The best case is for a reflected pulse to be in phase and overlap completely; the worst case is for the pulses to reflect in a manner that is non-overlapping. SNR decreases in a sinusoidal manner as synchronization is lost.
So why does my back hurt doc

COMMENTARY ON: Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, et al. Causal assessment of occupational bending or twisting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010;10:76–88 ( in this issue ). Roffey DM, Wai EK, Bishop P, et al. Causal assessment of awkward occupational postures and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010;10:89–99 ( in this issue ).
Building Health Promotion Capacity in Developing Countries: Strategies From 60 Years of Experience in the United States

The Galway Consensus Conference articulated key definitions, principles, values, and core domains of practice as the foundation for the diffusion of health promotion across the globe. The conference occurred in the context of an urgent need for large numbers of trained health workers in developing countries, which face multiple severe threats to the health of their people. In this article, the authors draw on the experience acquired by the health promotion profession in the United States to illustrate what might be done to build health promotion capacity in developing countries. They examine the profession's experience in the areas of accreditation and certification, research and publications, advocating for the profession, and advocating for public health policy. Finally, the authors direct a challenge to the profession in the United States to extend a hand to developing countries to assist them in expanding their capacity to prepare health promotion professionals and deliver health promotion services.
Locomotor evolution in camels revisited: a quantitative analysis of pedal anatomy and the acquisition of the pacing gait

Abstract Extant camelids (llamas and camels) are unique among wild mammals in their regular employment of a pacing gait. They also have a unique foot morphology, assumed to be an adaptation for this mode of locomotion: their feet are secondarily digitigrade, with the loss of hooves and the addition of a broad foot pad. We examined 22 measurements of the metapodials and phalanges of camelids and ruminants with bivariate and multivariate analyses, including 18 genera of extinct camelids from the Tertiary of North America. Extant camelids and ruminants were clearly distinguishable from each other. Most extinct camelids showed some morphological features typical of extant forms, five out of eighteen clustered with the extant camelids. Pacing may have evolved independently within the subfamilies Camelinae and Protolabinae. Additionally, evolutionary change towards a condition resembling that of extant camelids also occurred within the subfamilies Stenomylinae and Miolabinae. These parallel changes in camelid l...
Stakeholder Relations Matter: You Need to Count on Them – But it's Hard to Count Them

type="graphical" xml:id="gpol12237-abs-0002"> There are some approaches to value the value of stakeholder relations, but still there is no simple, ‘metric answer’ in sight – and we are afraid to say: A simple answer might not be even helpful. Not everything that counts can be counted.
Differential localization of prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in human kidney

Four prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 have been pharmacologically identified, cloned, and sequenced. The present studies determined the intrarenal distribution of these EP-receptor subtypes in human kidney using in situ hybridization with riboprobes for the human EP receptors. mRNA for the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis-coupled EP receptor was highly expressed in cortical, outer medullary, and inner medullary collecting duct. RNA for the Gi-coupled EP3 receptor was primarily expressed in the cortical and outer medullary collecting duct, as well as in the medullary thick ascending limb; however, it was absent from the inner medullary collecting duct. Expression of mRNA for EP1 and EP3 in connecting segment could not be excluded. There was no expression of the GS-coupled EP2 receptor mRNA detected in human kidney by in situ hybridization; however, mRNA for the GS-coupled EP4 receptor was highly expressed in the glomerulus. These studies demonstrate distinct regions of intrarenal expression for the different EP receptors and suggest that each receptor subtype may modulate different aspects of renal function in humans.
T-Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Myopathies in HIV-Positive Individuals: A Histologic Study of 19 Cases

T cell-mediated inflammatory myopathies (polymyositis [PM] and inclusion body myositis [IBM]) sometimes arise in conjunction with HIV infection; however, it is not understood whether PM and IBM arising in the context of HIV (HIV-PM and HV-IBM) differ from PM and IBM arising sporadically in HIV-negative individuals (sPM and sIBM). Here, we report the largest series of T cell-mediated inflammatory myopathies from HIV-infected patients (19 biopsies from 15 subjects); 5 cases were pathologically classified as PM (HIV-PM) and 14 as IBM (HIV-IBM). As with sporadic cases, quantitative immunohistochemistry for LC3, p62, and TDP-43 showed significantly greater percentage of stained fibers (% FS) in HIV-IBM compared to HIV-PM samples; however, there was no significant difference in % FS for any of the three markers between HIV-associated and sporadic cases. Despite histologic similarities between HIV-IBM and sIBM but in concordance with prior case reports, patients with HIV-IBM were significantly younger at diagnosis than patients with sIBM; in contrast, the mean age of HIV-PM and sPM patients was not significantly different. In summary, HIV-PM and HIV-IBM are morphologically similar to sPM and sIBM; thus, it remains unclear why patients with HIV-IBM, in contrast to patients with sIBM, sometimes show clinical improvement in response to immunosuppressive therapy.
Illegal Contacts and Efficient Deterrence: A Study in Modern Contract Theory

This Article offers a unified theory that explains why courts, despite the compelling argument for deterrence, should not apply the no-effect rule of illegal contracts uniformly and why they should vary the type of relief according to the factual setting. It posits that a graduated relief structure will maximize efficient deterrence. An efficient deterrence scheme will preserve limited personal, judicial and societal resources without burdening legitimate transactions.
Development of Foam Backfill Repair Techniques for Airfield Pavement Repairs

Recent military operations have highlighted the need for new expedient pavement repair capabilities to improve current guidance on airfield damage repair. Damaged or distressed military airfield pavements must be repaired with expedient methods and durable materials to minimize the time the pavement is removed from service and to reduce or eliminate additional closure times for subsequent repairs. Extensive research was conducted to develop several airfield pavement repair techniques that could be applied across the full spectrum of military airfield repair operations. This paper focuses on the research conducted to develop a new foam backfill technology for airfield pavement repairs. Results of initial laboratory and field tests showed that rigid, poured polyurethane foam is the most applicable backfill solution for deployed locations because of its ability to expand to several times its shipped liquid volume when mixed, reducing the logistical burden of transporting aggregate backfill materials. This pa...
Bacterial stimulation of serum colony-stimulating activity and neutrophil production in germ-free mice.

SummaryThe in vivo effect of microorganisms upon granulopoiesis of axenic mice was studied. A marked rise in CSA production occurred immediately after germ-free mice were exposed to microorganisms. This rise in CSA was correlated with a rise in stool bacterial levels and a rise in absolute granulocyte count. As the absolute granulocyte count rose, both CSA production and stool bacterial levels decreased. The peak of granulocytes was reached after the commencement but during the fall of CSA and bacteria levels. These studies are compatible with the suggestion that CSA production is modulated by the levels of microorganisms and their products, and that neutrophils serve as a negative feedback arm in the scheme of granulocyte regulation by inactivation of the stimulatory effect of microorganisms.
The taxonomy of parthenogenetic species of hybrid origin: cloned hybrid populations of Cnemidophorus (Sauria: Teiidae)

and presentation) 3n = 70 (Lowe et al., 1970) Unknown (Lowe and Wright, 1964) Yes (Lowe and Wright, 1964) 2n = 46 (Bickham et al., Yes (E. D. Parker, Jr., et al., unpubl. Yes (Walker, unpubl. manu-
Freestream Turbulence Measurements in a Continuously Variable Hypersonic Wind Tunnel

The Actively Controlled Expansion (ACE) tunnel located at the Texas A&M University National Aerothermochemistry Laboratory (TAMU-NAL) is a unique facility that is characterized by its continuously variable hypersonic Mach number. The tunnel was completed in 2007, and since then, studies have proven its reliability, uniformity, and documented its performance over the available operating range. To better characterize the freestream flow properties, here described as “tunnel noise,” a recent study using fastresponse pressure transducers was conducted. These transducers were inserted into the freestream, and the resulting pressure fluctuations were recorded across a range of 100 – 80000 Hz to observe spectral peaks relating to disturbances inherent in the flow, and to quantify total noise as a function of the tunnel pressure. The data were collected at Mach numbers of 5, 6, and 7 across the available Reynolds number range for each respective Mach number.
The pattern electroretinogram in retinal and optic nerve disease. A quantitative comparison of the pattern of visual dysfunction.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the transient and steady-state pattern electroretinograms recorded from 42 patients with glaucoma, 13 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, 58 patients with diabetes mellitus, and 92 control subjects to evaluate the pattern of electroretinographic changes associated with retinal and optic nerve disease. The amplitudes of both the initial positive component (N1 to P1) and the subsequent negative component (P1 to N2) of the transient (4 rps) responses were measured. From these measurements the (P1 to N2)/(N1 to P1) was derived. The N1 to P1 amplitude of the steady-state pattern electroretinogram also was measured. In the glaucoma patients all three amplitude measures, as well as the amplitude ratio of the components of the transient response, were reduced significantly compared with age-matched controls (p < 0.05). A similar pattern was detected in the patients with Alzheimer's disease, but in this case the only statistically significant amplitude reduction was in the steady-state pattern electroretinogram. A different pattern was observed among the diabetic patients (both with and without retinopathy). Only minor reductions in the amplitude of the transient pattern electroretinogram, which were not statistically significant, were noted. In addition, the ratio of the amplitudes of the components of the transient response did not differ from age-matched controls. The amplitude of the steady-state pattern electroretinogram was reduced in diabetics, but this was significant only for those patients with retinopathy (p < 0.01). These findings support the suggestion that an analysis of both the positive and negative components of the pattern electroretinogram may be useful for differentiating the contributions of retinal and optic nerve dysfunction to visual impairment. The results also indicate that in both retinal and optic nerve disease the steady-state pattern electroretinogram can be an earlier sign of dysfunction than the transient pattern electroretinogram.
Microscopic Polyangiitis Causing Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage complicating small vessel vasculitis is a life-threatening emergency and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who develop rapidly progressive dyspnea with alveolar opacities on chest imaging. In these patients, the coexistence of pulmonary and renal involvement suggests a multisystem disease. We present a case of a man who presented to our hospital with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, severe anemia, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
New approaches to upper airway disease

Although laryngotracheobronchitis is the most common upper respiratory tract disorder in pediatrics, several other diseases are potentially life-threatening. The emergency physician must recognize both the obvious and subtle distinctions among upper airway diseases. The status of the patient's airway remains the primary concern regardless of the suspected disorder, but further definitive care depends on the specific disease entity. The prompt recognition and action of both the prehospital care provider and the ED physician in maintaining a critical airway and supporting ventilation until definitive pediatric critical or surgical care can be delivered is essential in ensuring optimal outcome for children suffering from a life-threatening upper airway illness.
Are Physicians Influenced by Their Own Specialty Society's Guidelines Regarding Mammography Screening? An Analysis of Nationally Representative Data

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to determine whether primary care physicians were influenced by their own specialty society's mammography screening recommendations after the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's (USPSTF) revised recommendations were released. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed an analysis of cross-sectional nationally representative data for 2007–2012 from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). All office-based preventive services visits for women 40 years old or older were included. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify changes over time in the mammography referral rate per 1000 visits by physician specialty, adjusting for patient- and office-level covariates. All analyses were weighted to account for the multistage probability sampling design of NAMCS. RESULTS. Our analysis represented an average of 35,947,290 office visits per year. Overall, between 2007–2008 and 2011–2012, mammography referral rates (per 1000 visits) decreased from 285 to 2...
PEGylated Artificial Antibodies: Plasmonic Biosensors with Improved Selectivity.

Molecular imprinting, which involves the formation of artificial recognition elements or cavities with complementary shape and chemical functionality to the target species, is a powerful method to overcome a number of limitations associated with natural antibodies. An important but often overlooked consideration in the design of artificial biorecognition elements based on molecular imprinting is the nonspecific binding of interfering species to noncavity regions of the imprinted polymer. Here, we demonstrate a universal method, namely, PEGylation of the noncavity regions of the imprinted polymer, to minimize the nonspecific binding and significantly enhance the selectivity of the molecular imprinted polymer for the target biomolecules. The nonspecific binding, as quantified by the localized surface plasmon resonance shift of imprinted plasmonic nanorattles upon exposure to common interfering proteins, was found to be more than 10 times lower compared to the non-PEGylated counterparts. The method demonstra...
Using pharmacists to improve risk stratification and management of stage 3A chronic kidney disease: a feasibility study.

Measurement of albuminuria to stratify risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not done universally in the primary care setting despite recommendation in KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) guidelines. Pharmacist medication therapy management (MTM) may be helpful in improving CKD risk stratification and management. We conducted a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial using seven primary care clinic sites in the Geisinger Health System to evaluate the feasibility of pharmacist MTM in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2 and uncontrolled blood pressure (≥150/85 mmHg). In the three pharmacist MTM sites, pharmacists were instructed to follow a protocol aimed to improve adherence to KDIGO guidelines on testing for proteinuria and lipids, and statin and blood pressure medical therapy. In the four control clinics, patients received usual care. The primary outcome was proteinuria screening over a follow-up of 1 year. A telephone survey was administered to physicians, pharmacists, and patients in the pharmacist MTM arm at the end of the trial. Baseline characteristics were similar between pharmacist MTM (n = 24) and control (n = 23) patients, although pharmacist MTM patients tended to be younger (64 vs. 71 y; p = 0.06) and less likely to have diabetes (17 % vs. 35 %; p = 0.2) or baseline proteinuria screening (41.7 % vs. 60.9 %, p = 0.2). Mean eGFR was 54 ml/min/1.73 m2 in both groups. The pharmacist MTM intervention did not significantly improve total proteinuria screening at the population level (OR 2.6, 95 % CI: 0.5–14.0; p = 0.3). However, it tended to increase screening of previously unscreened patients (78.6 % in the pharmacist MTM group compared to 33.3 % in the control group; OR 7.3, 95 % CI: 0.96–56.3; p = 0.05). In general, the intervention was well-received by patients, pharmacists, and providers, who agreed that pharmacists could play an important role in CKD management. A few patients contacted the research team to express anxiety about having a CKD diagnosis without prior knowledge. Pharmacist MTM may be useful in improving risk stratification and management of CKD in the primary care setting, although implementation requires ongoing education and multidisciplinary collaboration and careful communication regarding CKD diagnosis. Future studies are needed to establish the effectiveness of pharmacist MTM on slowing CKD progression and improvement in cardiovascular outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02208674 Registered August 1, 2014, first patient enrolled September 30, 2014
Rehabilitation in the Setting of Neurotrauma

The effects of trauma to the central or peripheral nervous system may have a profound negative impact on multiple other organ systems, such as system-wide inflammation and excessive metabolic demands, as well as the associated negative consequences of protracted bed rest and immobility. Furthermore, trauma may lead to a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments, which may cause significant disability, loss of functional independence, and poor quality of life. Acute medical and trauma care protocols are now achieving unprecedented survival rates from injuries that were once considered fatal. The field of rehabilitation is dedicated to ensuring that those who survive trauma achieve the highest level of independent function and return to active participation within their families and communities. This chapter addresses the complexity of organ system changes that occur with neurotrauma and the rehabilitative approaches to mitigating these adverse effects.
The Non-Entity of “Homosexuality”

A review of the most recent research on "homosexuality" and the prevailing trends in behavior therapy for "homosexuals," indicates a crucial need for behavior therapists to reevaluate the clinical entity of "homosexuality" and the consequential treatment goals of such therapy . Most of the literature on behavior therapy for "homosexuals" reveals that homosexual behavior is classified as deviant sexual behavior. "Sexual deviation can be viewed as a problem i n stimulus control because sexual arousal occurs in the presence of an inappropriate stimulus ." This viewpoint, given by Barlow and Agras (1973), seems fairly representati v e of how a major i ty of behavior therapists view "homose x u a lity. " This "behavioral " definition raises several questions: Is homosexual behavior really deviant sexual behavior? Is same-sex stimuli inappropriate? And, is the problem a problem of stimulus control?
Optical fiber fuel level sensor for aeronautical applications

Abstract An optical fiber fuel level sensor for aeronautical applications is developed and tested. The sensor is based on an array of total internal reflection point sensors multiplexed on a single fiber by optical couplers and simultaneously interrogated by an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry approach. Unlike conventional sensors based on total internal reflection, the new design permits to be sensitive to common jet fuels (JetA-1, JP4, JP5, JP7), and also to correctly operate when the sensor is partially or totally exposed to condensed water on the sensor surface. The sensor does not require aircraft calibration or temperature compensation. Experimental results show that an accuracy of ±1.5 mm could be achieved. The sensor is also able to measure the free water level in the fuel tank.
Euconnus ( Rhomboconnus ) of Panama (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

To date, the subgenus Rhomboconnus Franz of Euconnus Thomson was represented by two species known to occur in Venezuela and Ecuador. For the first time this subgenus is reported to occur in Panama, and eight new species are described: Euconnus plaumannioloides sp. n., E. timstruyvei sp. n., E. silvafortunensis sp. n., E. rhombopanamensis sp. n., E. rhombocartianus sp. n., E. meteti sp. n., E. rhombomiramaranus sp. n., and E. rhomboimitator sp. n. Some characters of the new species were found more variable than those previously included in the diagnosis of Rhomboconnus ; they are discussed and the presence or absence of the pronotal antebasal groove or pits is excluded from the diagnosis, as variable within Rhomboconnus .
Are Human Factors Students Prepared for Careers in User Experience Research? A Survey of Predicted and Actual Skill Utilization:

User Experience Research (UXR) is a growing field and an attractive option for HF students post-graduation. However, previous research has shown that HF students do not feel prepared for careers in...
Interlayer breathing and shear modes in NbSe2 atomic layers

Atomically thin NbSe2 is a metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenide with novel charge-density-wave (CDW) and superconductive phases. Properties of NbSe2 atomic layers are sensitive to interlayer coupling. Here we investigate the interlayer phonons of few-layer NbSe2 by ultralow-frequency Raman spectroscopy. We observe both the interlayer breathing modes and shear modes at frequencies below 40 cm−1 for samples of 2–15 layers. Their frequency, Raman activity, and environmental instability depend systematically on the layer number. We account for these results by a combination of linear-chain model, group theory and first-principles calculations. We find that, although NbSe2 has different stacking order from MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2, they share the same crystal symmetry groups and exhibit similar Raman selection rules for interlayer phonons. In addition, the interlayer phonon modes evolve smoothly from T = 300 to 8 K, with no observable response to the CDW formation in NbSe2. This finding indicates that the atomic registry between adjacent NbSe2 layers is well preserved in the CDW transition.
Is umbilical coiling genetically determined

Abnormal umbilical cord coiling is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes; however, the etiology of the umbilical coiling pattern is poorly understood. Retrospective cohort of all twin deliveries >20 weeks in 2014. Pregnancies were dichotomized by chorionicity and the umbilical coiling index (UCI) and placental cord insertion location were compared. In cases with one or both cords hypercoiled, the direction and pattern of coiling were compared by chorionicity. A similar analysis was performed stratified by zygosity. Three hundred sisty two twin pairs were included; 26 (7.2%) monochorionic and 174 (87.0%) definitively dizygotic. Concordance in the UCI and coiling category were similar between dichorionic and monochorionic as well as dizygous and monozygous gestations, (73.2% vs 80.8%, p = 0.399 and 71.4% vs 80.8%, p = 0.399, respectively). Analyses of the coiling direction and pattern also demonstrated no difference by chorionicity or zygosity. These data do not support a genetic basis for umbilical cord coiling.
Gleaning Some Lessons and Reflections

This chapter gleans some lessons and reflects on assessing the outcomes of the World Bank’s physical upgrading loan allocated in each target city. These lessons, in their own right, have important policy implications given that the World Bank’s assessment acknowledging that 90% of the loan was earmarked for urban upgrading and only 3% for housing reform financing which would create more housing options. The positive aspects of these lessons send strong signals for capitalizing on the existing potential urban management opportunities from across the five target cities. Kermanshah , for example, demonstrates potentials for institution building and bottom-up enablement in its garbage recycling efforts, while Sanandaj exemplified a strong case of community enablement observed in road repair, and street and infrastructure upgrading. Zahedan represents a unique case of social/individual enablement where women were elected as honorary mayors. Bandar Abbas also showcases physical enablement through physical upgrading. The maintenance of creeks and riparian corridors turns out to be a major success in Bandar Abbas. Tabriz characterizes a case of enablement through infrastructure upgrading and honing interpersonal skills with an emphasis on producing local handicrafts. The chapter concludes with outlining on threats, prospect, and myths surrounding enablement.
Methodologies for Disaster Risk Management in a Changing Environment

This chapter compares reactive risk management practices and the proactive approaches that are required in a climate change context. Since there is no silver bullet policy against risk, risk management and climate change adaptation needs to rely on a policy mix, from physical protection to land-use planning and insurance. Integrated and proactive approaches are more efficient, but also more difficult to design and implement. The chapter presents a methodology to perform cost-benefit analyses for risk management policy assessment, with two case studies on New Orleans coastal protections and investments in early warning systems in developing countries. It stresses the limits of this approach, especially when uncertainty is very large or when distributional and non-market effects are important.
Deceit among the Gifted

A survey of the moral behavior of Georgia gifted high school students, first made in 1969, was replicated in 1979. Significant changes were revealed in their beliefs, attitudes and admissions regar...
Zirconia Implants: Is There a Future?

This review is making an overview of the behavior of the zirconia-toughened ceramic (ZTC) intended for use in the next generation of dental implants replacing zirconia (yttria-stabilized zirconia [Y-TZP]) currently in use. The new ZTCs are joining improved strength and toughness to the excellent biological behavior of TZP currently used worldwide for metal-free dental implants. Most of the Y-TZP dental implants currently in use are one-piece designs. New two-piece designs are now in the market. This design results very demanding because of the mechanical behavior of the ceramic and poses some limitations in implant diameter. Thanks to the improved strength and toughness, the new ZTCs will allow the increase in the reliability of the present implant design and the production of implants with diameter smaller than the first generation ones.
Bayesian Variable Selection for Multi-Outcome Models Through Shared Shrinkage

Variable selection over a potentially large set of covariates in a linear model is quite popular. In the Bayesian context, common prior choices can lead to a posterior expectation of the regression coefficients that is a sparse (or nearly sparse) vector with a few non-zero components, those covariates that are most important. This article extends the global-local shrinkage idea to a scenario where one wishes to model multiple response variables simultaneously. Here, we have developed a variable selection method for a K-outcome model (multivariate regression) that identifies the most important covariates across all outcomes. The prior for all regression coefficients is a mean zero normal with coefficient-specific variance term that consists of a predictor-specific factor (shared local shrinkage parameter) and a model-specific factor (global shrinkage term) that differs in each model. The performance of our modeling approach is evaluated through simulation studies and a data example.