cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Fruit and Vegetable Stage of Change in Underserved Communities Engaging With Cooperative Extension Services.

Abstract Objective To compare differences in fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and FV stage of change in 2 diverse communities engaging with cooperative extension services (Extension). Methods Cross-sectional study of FV behaviors of community members enrolled in a team-based challenge offered by Extension. t test and chi-square analyses examined differences in FV intake and FV stage of change. Linear regression examined the relationship between FV stage of change and FV intake, adjusting for demographics. Results There was a significant ( P = .01) difference in staging between the African American and Hispanic communities. Of individuals in the African American community, 60% were in the preparation stage; in the Hispanic community, 55% were in the precontemplation/contemplation stage. The FV stage of change was significantly associated with daily FV intake (β = .53; P Conclusions and Implications To promote consumption of FVs better, nutrition education programs such as Extension should differentiate based on stages of change among subpopulations.
Physiological effects of crude oil exposure in the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus

Abstract Juvenile mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) were exposed to a surface slick of Empire Mix crude oil for a three week period in a simulated estuarine ecosystem. Liver weight to body weight ratios were increased in the mullet from the oil-treated ponds when compared to those from the control ponds. Activities of alkaline phosphatase, which were elevated in gill and muscle of oil-treated mullet, and β-glucuronidase, which was elevated in the muscle of oil-treated mullet, may be related to the degree of stress the animals were experiencing. Malic dehydrogenase, which was depressed in the livers and elevated in the muscle of oil-treated organisms, indicate changes in aerobic metabolism in response to the stress of crude oil exposure. Muscle acetylcholinesterase was not affected by oil exposure.
The Effects of Internal and External Reference Prices on Travelers’ Price Evaluations:

The relative use of an internal reference price (IRP) versus an external reference price (ERP) becomes an important issue in the travel and lodging contexts as the increased promotional activity by...
Informing regional water-energy-food nexus with system analysis and interactive visualization – A case study in the Great Ruaha River of Tanzania

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, water resources are scarce and subject to competing uses – especially for agricultural production, energy generation, and ecosystem services. These water intensive activities in the Usangu plains and the Ruaha National Park in southern Tanzania, present a typical case for such water competition at the water-energy-food nexus. To decipher the coupled human-nature interactions in the Great Ruaha River basin and effectively communicate the results to non-technical practitioners, the water-energy-food nexus competition in the system is simulated using an advanced water system modeling approach and findings are visualized via interactive web-based tools (Data-Driven Document, D3) that foster fuller understanding of the findings for both practitioners and stakeholders. Our results indicate that a combination of infrastructural and procedural measures, each acceptable from a social and economic perspective, and understanding that zero flows cannot be totally eliminated during dry years in the Ruaha National Park, are likely to be the best way forward. This study also reveals that the combination of improvements in irrigation efficiency, cutbacks on proposed expansion of irrigated lands, and a low head weir at the wetland outlet, significantly reduces the number of zero flow days (i.e., increasing ecosystem function), resulting in positive effects on agricultural sector from limited (if any) reduction in rice crop yields. These upstream measures are all relatively cost efficient and can combine to free-up resources for other economic activity downstream (i.e. more stable hydropower production).
Analysis of passenger-car crash injury severity in different work zone configurations.

Abstract Work zone safety remains a priority to the Federal Highway Administration, State Highway Departments, highway engineers, and the traveling public. Work zones create a hospitable environment for crashes; an issue that gained tremendous share of attention in recent years. Therefore, every effort should be sought out to reduce the injury severity of crashes in work zones. In this paper we attempt to investigate factors contributing to the injury severity of passenger-car crashes in different work zone configurations. Considering the discrete ordinal nature of injury severity categories, a Mixed Generalized Ordered Response Probit (MGORP) modeling framework was developed. The model estimation was undertaken by compiling a database consisting of 10 years of crashes that involved at least one passenger car, and occurred in a work zone. Revealing the underlying factors contributing to injury severity levels for different work zone configurations will allow for distinguishing mitigation methods for higher severity outcomes that best suit each of the depicted work zone layouts. This can be accomplished through the implementation of specific safety measures based on the specific configuration of a work zone as a potential crash location. Elasticity analysis suggests that partial control of access, roadways classified as rural, crashes during evening times, crashes during weekends, and curved roadways are key factors that increase the likelihood of severe outcomes. Also, the effects of several covariates were found to vary across the different work zone configurations.
Application of a Nonpaper Based Matrix to Preserve Chikungunya Virus Infectivity at Ambient Temperature.

Abstract For over 100 years, field studies on arboviruses and the subsequent delivery and administration of live attenuated vaccines have been complicated by the need to maintain a so-called “cold ...
Variable convergence liquid layer implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Liquid layer implosions using the “wetted foam” technique, where the liquid fuel is wicked into a supporting foam, have been recently conducted on the National Ignition Facility for the first time [Olson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 245001 (2016)]. We report on a series of wetted foam implosions where the convergence ratio was varied between 12 and 20. Reduced nuclear performance is observed as convergence ratio increases. 2-D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations accurately capture the performance at convergence ratios (CR) ∼ 12, but we observe a significant discrepancy at CR ∼ 20. This may be due to suppressed hot-spot formation or an anomalous energy loss mechanism.
A Bayesian Network Based Approach for Risk Modeling to Aid in Development of Sustainable Biomass Supply Chains

Abstract If lignocellulosic biomass is to become a viable competitor with fossil based resources for the production of energy and chemical products, sustainable sources of this material must be established. To address this issue an understanding about the risks affecting biomass sources and the biorefineries which they supply is crucial. In this paper, a quantitative approach using Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) to model and analyze risks in a biorefinery's biomass supply chain is presented. Centralized aggregated corn stover supply locations and an integrated biorefinery located in Kentucky's Jackson Purchase Region are considered as a case study for demonstrating the approach.
Methods to Obtain Percutaneous Access to Difficult-to-Reach Masses and Collections in the Abdomen and Pelvis

Image-guided biopsy and drainage of collections in the abdomen and pelvis are frequently performed in interventional radiology practices. Many options are available to facilitate access to masses and collections in challenging locations. This review focuses on the technique and efficacy associated with the various options available, including out-of-plane access, patient positioning, needle techniques (i.e., blunt and curved needle tip), adjunctive use of electromagnetic tracking devices, organ displacement, and transorgan access.
Scalable Software Tools for Parallel Computations

With a constant need to solve scientific and engineering problems of ever growing complexity, there is a corresponding need for software tools that assist in generating solutions with minimal user involvement. Parallel computation is becoming indispensable in solving the large-scale problems that arise in science and engineering applications. Yet the use of parallel computation is limited by the high cost of developing the needed software. To overcome this difficulty, we advocate a comprehensive approach to the development of scalable architecture-independent software for parallel solutions of large-scale scientific and engineering problems.
Susceptibility weighted imaging in infants with staged embolization of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations

Abstract Background and purpose The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital vascular malformation with a higher morbidity and mortality, especially in neonates. Ultrasound, CT and MR are usually used in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of these disorders. In this current study, we aim to examine utility of SWI in evaluation of treatment response in infants with VGAM. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective chart analysis of children with VGAM in our institution between January 2008 and December 2016. Inclusion criteria included; confirmed VGAM on DSA; available SWI sequence at baseline and at follow up after at least a single embolization session; age at initial MR of 18 years or younger. Signal intensity and Angioarchitecture of VGAM and cerebral veins on SWI, as well as hydrocephalus and clinical outcome were evaluated. Results Of 11 patients identified with VGAM in our institution, 5 children (3 males and 2 females) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The average age at initial MR was 29 days (range 1–120). Fourteen MRI were available for review. All children had VGAM of mural type. Intramedullary veins were dilated and SWI-hypointense in all children, while subependymal and sulcal veins were dilated and SWI-hypointense in 4 patients on initial MRI. On the first available follow up MRI, cerebral veins have mostly normalized in 4 children and remained mostly dilated and SWI-hypointense in 1 child; even after complete treatment of the VGAM. Conclusion Our preliminary findings show that SWI seems to offer a beneficial non-invasive tool in evaluating passive venous congestion patterns in pediatric patients with VGAM. It remains to be determined in larger studies, the clinical significance of these SWI changes.
A Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding How Colleges, Universities, and Employers Prepare and Support Undergraduates in Engineering Internships

This Research to Practice Work In Progress Paper describes an academic-industry research partnership aimed at understanding how undergraduate juniors and seniors navigate a summer internship at a large global engineering company in the automotive industry. The study explores the question: What are the relationships between internship experiences and engineering students' self-efficacy, creativity and innovation, and future academic and career choices and plans? Focusing on survey and interview data collected from product development interns at a single engineering firm, this research explores the highlights and challenges encountered in their internship as well as their perceptions regarding opportunities for creativity and innovation. An additional set of interview questions examined the organizational ecology within the company based on who interns interacted with and sought out for mentorship and support. These results are contextualized in findings from a survey of undergraduate engineering students across a nationally representative sample of 27 U.S. engineering schools. Future research based on survey and interview data will take a mixed methods approach to inform an actionable understanding of the role of engineering internships for three critical stakeholders across whom an engaging & effective pathway is sought: students, colleges & universities, and industry.
Colonic Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Colonic metastases are extremely rare, regardless of primary lung cancer type. A 64-year-old female was referred to the hospital by her gastroenterologist after a same-day colonoscopy revealed a large rectosigmoid mass resulting in near total rectal occlusion. On admission, she complained of abdominal pain and constipation. She had a past medical history of non-small cell lung cancer (T1bN3M0 stage IIIB), diagnosed one year prior. She was thought to be in remission following radiation and immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. She underwent urgent surgical intervention and mass resection with tissue sampling. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Systemic chemotherapy with pemetrexed and carboplatin followed by localized radiation to the pelvic region was administered. A refractory pelvic region tumor growth was evident on subsequent imaging. Cessation of chemoradiation therapy occurred after the patient experienced a debilitating stroke and she was transferred to hospice care. Colonic metastasis should be considered when patients with a history of primary lung cancer have abdominal symptoms.
Immunoglobulin variable region gene segments in human autoantibodies

Publisher Summary Auto-antibodies are frequently produced by the normal immune system. However, auto-immunity results from a disturbance of the control mechanisms. Genetic analysis of auto-antibodies indicates that the gene segments used by autoantibodies derive from the same repertoire as those used by the normal immune system to exogenous antigens. This chapter discusses gene segment usage by autoantibodies as compared with the normal repertoire and the functional significance of the idiotypes formed in the expressed immunoglobulins. Auto-immunity is not the sole result of heredity, but depends on the interaction of multiple gene products and environmental factors. The variable regions of immunoglobulin light (L) and heavy (H) chains are assembled in an ordered fashion from three multigene families of DNA segments as the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments. The analysis of auto-antibodies, their gene segment usage, and idiotypes have potential clinical significance as the Ids on neoplastic B-cells provide tumor antigens for vaccination of patients with B-cell tumors.
Predictive Models for Undergraduate Student Retention Using Machine Learning Algorithms

In this paper, we have presented some results of undergraduate student retention using machine learning and wavelet decomposition algorithms for classifying the student data. We have also made some improvements to the classification algorithms such as Decision tree, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and neural networks supported by Weka software toolkit. The experiments revealed that the main factors that influence student retention in the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) are the cumulative grade point average (GPA) and total credit hours (TCH) taken. The target functions derived from the bare minimum decision tree and SVM algorithms were further revised to create a two-layer neural network and a regression to predict the retention. These new models improved the classification accuracy. Furthermore, we utilized wavelet decomposition and achieved better results.
Walter and Emma Malone: Friends of Sinners and the Poor

The Malones, leaders of Holiness Quakerism, were presented in The Transformation of American Quakerism: Orthodox Friends 1800-1907, an otherwise excellent early work by historian Thomas Hamm, as leaders of a movement whose ' dominant note ... was opposition to any type of reform activity'.1 If too strong,2 it is fair to suggest that numbers of Holiness Friends, including the Malones, were relatively indifferent to political, economic and social reform. But seeing them in this light, or as mere obstructionists to 'modern thought', does not quite capture who they were or what they were about. This article contends the Mal ones had a positive social agenda that deserves to be understood and evaluated on its own terms. To enter their world, to see others from their angle of vision, may be enlightening to folk who seek a deeper understanding of the origin and early agenda of Evangelical Friends, who are now the largest group of Quakers in the world.
An update on the progress of preclinical models for guiding therapeutic management of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Introduction: The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of pediatric inherited neurodegenerative disorders affecting children and young adults. All forms of NCL are fatal and with no cu...
Complete Genome Sequencing of Four Arcobacter Species Reveals a Diverse Suite of Mobile Elements.

Arcobacter species are recovered from a wide variety of sources, including animals, food, and both fresh and marine waters. Several Arcobacter species have also been recovered from human clinical samples and are thus associated tentatively with food- and water-borne human illnesses. Genome sequencing of the poultry isolate Arcobacter cibarius H743 and the Arcobacter acticola, Arcobacter pacificus, and Arcobacter porcinus type strains identified a large number and variety of insertion sequences. This study presents an analysis of these A. acticola, A. cibarius, A. pacificus, and A. porcinus IS elements. The four genomes sequenced here contain 276 complete and degenerate IS elements, representing 13 of the current 29 prokaryotic IS element families. Expansion of the analysis to include 15 other previously sequenced Arcobacter spp. added 73 complete and degenerate IS elements. Several of these IS elements were identified in two or more Arcobacter species, suggesting movement by horizontal gene transfer between the arcobacters. These IS elements are putatively associated with intragenomic deletions and inversions, and tentative movement of antimicrobial resistance genes. The A. cibarius strain H743 megaplasmid contains multiple IS elements common to the chromosome and, unusually, a complete ribosomal RNA locus, indicating that larger scale genomic rearrangements, potentially resulting from IS element-mediated megaplasmid cointegration and resolution may be occurring within A. cibarius and possibly other arcobacters. The presence of such a large and varied suite of mobile elements could have profound effects on Arcobacter biology and evolution.
Digital information flows across a B2C/C2C continuum and technological innovations in service ecosystems: A service-dominant logic perspective

Abstract Value co-creation for service innovations involves integrating inputs from multiple actors within service ecosystems. Traditionally, value co-creation has been considered in light of business-to-consumer (B2C) interactions. The emergence of digital information platforms allowing consumer-to-consumer (C2C) communications is changing how service ecosystems establish and create value for service innovations. In this paper, we develop a Digital Information Flow Continuum that includes B2C, external provider and consumer co-created (B2C/C2C combined) and C2C digital communications. Using Service-Dominant Logic (SDL), we assess the impact digital information flow elements have on the perceptions and usage likelihood for telemedicine (TM) services. We use structural equation modeling to analyze online survey results from 827 health consumers collected as part of a healthcare organization’s TM launch. The results demonstrate that the Digital Information Flow Continuum impacts the acceptance of the TM innovation directly, and indirectly through value perceptions of comparable service quality relative to alternatives and ease of access to care.
Securities Law and Arbitration: The Enforceability of Predispute Arbitration Clauses in Broker-Customer Agreements

This article explores the alternative dispute resolution technique of arbitration as it is deployed in broker-customer securities disputes. Historically such disputes were resolved in judicial forums, but increasingly courts are compelled to turn over these cases to arbitration associations. In the typical scenario involving broker-customer securities arbitration the customer has lost money on some investment and later files suit in an Article III court attempting to recoup losses. The broker seeks a stay of this litigation as well as an order compelling arbitration per the predispute arbitration agreement the customer had initially executed upon opening the brokerage account. The author offers a detailed analysis of decisions in this area, as well as a number of solutions for both customers as well as brokers.
The Wreckage of Philosophy: Carlo Michelstaedter and the Limits of Bourgeois Thought

Carlo Michelstaedter’s thought has experienced, in recent years, a surge in critical attention, which has fostered the publication of theses, monographs, and edited volumes, as well as an increasin...
Assessing reproducibility in magnetic resonance (MR) radiomics features between deep-learning segmented and expert manual segmented data and evaluating their diagnostic performance in pregnant women with suspected placenta accreta spectrum (PAS)

A Deep-Learning (DL) based segmentation tool was applied to a new magnetic resonance imaging dataset of pregnant women with suspected Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS). Radiomic features from DL segmentation were compared to those from expert manual segmentation via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to assess reproducibility. An additional imaging marker quantifying the placental location within the uterus (PLU) was included. Features with an ICC < 0.7 were used to build logistic regression models to predict hysterectomy. Of 2059 features, 781 (37.9%) had ICC <0.7. AUC was 0.69 (95% CI 0.63-0.74) for manually segmented data and 0.78 (95% CI 0.73-0.83) for DL segmented data.
The Bright Side of Interpersonal Interactions: Prosocial Behaviors Are Influenced by Temperament, Personality, and Genetics

Prosocial behaviors are voluntary acts that benefit other people. Prosocial behaviors appear to manifest in infancy as distress in response to the distress of others, and they become more complex throughout the lifespan. In toddlerhood, children begin to help others, and in adolescence and adulthood, people begin to understand and engage in self-sacrifice to benefit others. Behavioral genetic analyses have shown that genetic and nonshared environmental factors contribute to variability in prosocial behaviors throughout the lifespan. Thus, both biological (e.g., the vasovagal system) and social influences (e.g., parental modeling) are thought to explain the development of prosocial behaviors. It is likely that biological and environmental influences are related to one another and interact with one another in complex ways. Specifically, heritability in prosocial behaviors increases across childhood, suggesting the importance of gene-environment correlations for the development of prosocial behavior. Additionally, specific genes (e.g., DRD4) interact with specific environmental factors (e.g., parenting) to predict prosocial behavior. Temperament and personality represent individual difference variables that explain variability in prosocial behavior. Temperament factors such as self-regulation and personality factors such as agreeableness have been shown to relate to prosocial behavior in childhood and adulthood, respectively. Little research has examined the genetic and environmental mechanisms that affect the development of prosocial behaviors. Gene-environment correlations and gene-environment interactions may represent mechanisms through which temperament and personality may relate to prosocial behaviors via their interplay with environmental experiences.
Direct comparison of angiogenesis in natural and synthetic biomaterials reveals that matrix porosity regulates endothelial cell invasion speed and sprout diameter.

Abstract Vascularization of large, diffusion-hindered biomaterial implants requires an understanding of how extracellular matrix (ECM) properties regulate angiogenesis. Sundry biomaterials assessed across many disparate angiogenesis assays have highlighted ECM determinants that influence this complex multicellular process. However, the abundance of material platforms, each with unique parameters to model endothelial cell (EC) sprouting presents additional challenges of interpretation and comparison between studies. In this work we directly compared the angiogenic potential of commonly utilized natural (collagen and fibrin) and synthetic dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) hydrogels in a multiplexed angiogenesis-on-a-chip platform. Modulating matrix density of collagen and fibrin hydrogels confirmed prior findings that increases in matrix density correspond to increased EC invasion as connected, multicellular sprouts, but with decreased invasion speeds. Angiogenesis in synthetic DexVS hydrogels, however, resulted in fewer multicellular sprouts. Characterizing hydrogel Young's modulus and permeability (a measure of matrix porosity), we identified matrix permeability to significantly correlate with EC invasion depth and sprout diameter. Although microporous collagen and fibrin hydrogels produced lumenized sprouts in vitro, they rapidly resorbed post-implantation into the murine epididymal fat pad. In contrast, DexVS hydrogels proved comparatively stable. To enhance angiogenesis within DexVS hydrogels, we incorporated sacrificial microgels to generate cell-scale pores throughout the hydrogel. Microporous DexVS hydrogels resulted in lumenized sprouts in vitro and enhanced cell invasion in vivo. Towards the design of vascularized biomaterials for long-term regenerative therapies, this work suggests that synthetic biomaterials offer improved size and shape control following implantation and that tuning matrix porosity may better support host angiogenesis. Statement of significance Understanding how extracellular matrix properties govern angiogenesis will inform biomaterial design for engineering vascularized implantable grafts. Here, we utilized a multiplexed angiogenesis-on-a-chip platform to compare the angiogenic potential of natural (collagen and fibrin) and synthetic dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) hydrogels. Characterization of matrix properties and sprout morphometrics across these materials points to matrix porosity as a critical regulator of sprout invasion speed and diameter, supported by the observation that nanoporous DexVS hydrogels yielded endothelial cell sprouts that were not perfusable. To enhance angiogenesis into synthetic hydrogels, we incorporated sacrificial microgels to generate microporosity. We find that microporosity increased sprout diameter in vitro and cell invasion in vivo. This work establishes a composite materials approach to enhance the vascularization of synthetic hydrogels.
Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus

Abstract Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus are common weeds of agricultural and horticultural cropping systems throughout tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas of the world. A network of rhizomes, tubers, and basal bulbs are the primary mechanism by which both species proliferate. Both species are favored by high light intensity and tolerate a wide range of soil types, but the most important factors affecting their prevalence are temperature, soil moisture, and photoperiod. High growth rates and quick emergence of these species create competition during early crop development that can result in yield reductions leading to significant economic losses. Crop quality, weed control strategies, and harvest operations are often compromised. No single control tactic provides season-long control of Cyperus species; therefore an integrated approach that involves biological, cultural, and chemical options will be most effective.
Genomic characterization of rare molecular subclasses of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Primary liver cancer, consisting of both cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Our goal is to genomically characterize rare HCC subclasses to provide insight into disease biology. Leveraging The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to perform a combined analysis of CCA (n = 36) and HCC (n = 275), we integrated multiple genomic platforms, to assess transcriptional profiles, mutational signatures, and copy number patterns to uncover underlying etiology and linage specific patterns. We identified two molecular classes distinct from prototypical HCC tumors. The first, CCA-Like, although histologically indistinguishable from HCC, had enrichment of CCA mutations (IDH1, BAP1), mutational signatures, and transcriptional patterns (SOX9, KRT19). CCA-Like, however, retained a copy number landscape similar to HCC, suggesting a hepatocellular linage. The second, Blast-Like, is enriched in TP53 mutations, HBV infection, exposure related mutational signatures and transcriptionally similar to hepatoblasts. Although these subclasses are molecularly distinct, they both have a worse progression-free survival compared to classical HCC tumors, yet are clinically treated the same. The identification of and characterization of CCA-Like and Blast-Like subclasses advance our knowledge of HCC as well as represents an urgent need for the identification of class specific biomarkers and targeted therapy.
Ultraviolet observations of Be stars /Review paper/

In the last decade twelve major space experiments have observed Be stars in the UV region of the spectrum. The characteristics of the experiments are listed in a table. The studies were conducted with the aid of two rockets, five astronomical satellites, three manned satellites, and one planetary probe. Another table shows the name and the spectral type of the bright Be stars observed in the UV. Approaches concerning a system for ultraviolet spectral classification are discussed. Attention is also given to aspects of mass loss, the effects of rapid rotation, and the properties of the shell.
A Krylov model reduction methodology for articulated, multi-flexible body structures

A Krylov model reduction methodology is proposed for articulated, multi-flexible body structures. This methodology generates reduced-order component models without solving any eigenvalue problem. The reduced-order system model obtained with these component models matches exactly a specified number of low frequency moments of the full-order system. Additionally, all structural modes that contributed significantly to the input-to-output mapping of the full-order system are closely captured by the reduced-order system model. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology in generating reduced-order system models which capture both the time and frequency-domain information of the full-order models, at multiple system configurations, and over a frequency range of interest, was successfully validated using a finite-element model of the Galileo spacecraft. >
Studies of the affinity of nuclear material for uroporphyrin: III. Histones, nucleic acids, and bases

Abstract In papers I and II of this series the affinity of nuclei for uroporphyrin was described (1, 2). In these studies Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes were employed. As contrasted with “primary” fluorescence observed in untreated EAT cells, “secondary” fluorescence, after treatment with 0.1 n HCl glycerol pyridine or methanol ammonia, was more frequent and more intense than could be explained on the basis of a simple intensification of fluorescence prior to their use. Thus it seemed likely that complexing had occurred between nuclear elements and the uroporphyrin (1). Since uroporphyrin is the most hydrophilic of the naturally occurring porphyrins, it was not surprising that it readily entered these cells and their nuclei. In respect to the possibility of complexing with nuclear material it was of special interest that when nuclei were prepared from EAT cells of mice which had received uroporphyrin intraperitoneally 3 hours before aspiration, the nuclei alone showed strong red fluorescence in ultraviolet light (1) but, more important, their chromosomes also fluoresced quite intensely after the many and various washings in the method of chromosome preparation which has used (3). The present study, intended to obtain evidence for or against complexing of nuclear materials with uroporphyrin, was divided into several parts, including spectral effects, dialysis, coprecipitation, and Sephadex gel filtration of solutions containing uroporphyrin with various nuclear components.
Point mutations and small substitution mutations in three different upstream elements inhibit the activity of the mouse alpha 2(I) collagen promoter.

Point mutations and small substitution mutations were introduced in three different promoter segments of the mouse alpha 2(I) collagen gene that are binding sites for specific DNA-binding proteins. The first of these promoter elements contains a CCAAT motif between -80 and -84 and binds a novel factor consisting of two different components which are both needed for DNA binding (Hatamochi, A., Golumbek, P.T., Van Schaftingen, E., and de Crombrugghe, B. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5940-5947). Four different point mutations in the CCAAT motif, which strongly inhibit binding of this heterodimeric CCAAT-binding factor, decrease the activity of the promoter at least 8-fold when assayed by DNA transfection of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The second cis-acting element is located around -250. Two mutations in this element, one a 3-base pair (bp), another a 4-bp substitution mutation, decrease the activity of the promoter in DNA transfection experiments by about 8- and 12-fold, respectively. The third element is located between -315 and -295 and binds nuclear factor 1 (NF1). Both 1- and 2-bp mutations which strongly inhibit binding of NF1 to this site decrease the activity of the promoter 8-10-fold in DNA transfection assays whereas another mutation in this site shows less inhibition in the activity of the promoter. Transfer of this NF1-binding site 5′ to the SV40 early promoter increases the activity of this promoter more than 10-fold. These results indicate that the integrity of each of these three cis-acting elements is required for optimal activity of the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter and suggest a model whereby the factors which bind to these sequences cooperate in the formation of a transcription initiation complex.
A fast decision feedback LMS algorithm using multiple step sizes

An adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE) that uses the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm may converge slowly or have large excess mean square error. The use of previous decisions in updating the feedforward filter can "whiten" the eigenvalues of the autocorrelation matrix for the feedback filter update without affecting the minimum mean square error making convergence faster and reducing misadjustment. The resultant improvement can be enhanced further by letting the update coefficient constant, /spl mu/, be a fixed diagonal matrix. >
LibGuides CMS eReserves: simplify delivering course reserves through Blackboard

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the process of implementing LibGuides content management system (CMS) eReserves with Blackboard integration to streamline workflow for the end-user and staff workflow. Design/methodology/approach – Based on some of the issues with the existing system, there was a need to improve workflow for the user and staff. The previous course reserve process included a non-automated process. Implementing the LibGuides CMS eReserves module training for circulation staff consisted of in-person instruction and creating a tutorial with step by step directions for staff. The library sent out many email announcements and corresponded with individual faculty members. The authors also worked with the instructional designers for feedback and best practices when developing Blackboard courses, specifically online courses. The authors also developed an information page with a tutorial. Findings – Findings indicate that the LibGuides CMS eReserves module is a success. The quick implementation process and ease of use for end-users and staff have proven to be beneficial. With the launch of the new system in fiscal year: 2013-2014, this revitalized the Seton Hall University eReserves program with a 142 per cent increase in usage. There could be many contributing factors to the increase in usage: the online form, direct links to Blackboard, the increase in online courses, etc. eReserves are up 42 per cent as of April for this year. Originality/value – At the time of our evaluation, there were no other libraries using the eReserves module. The authors reviewed the literature and found no published articles about LibGuides CMS eReserves module.
Neighborhood Cultural Heterogeneity and Adolescent Violence

A small number of scholars have attempted to reorient current thinking about the way cultural effects operate in poor neighborhoods. Scholars argue that socioeconomic disadvantage fosters heterogeneity in cultural models. Moreover, cultural heterogeneity theoretically plays an important role in shaping adolescent decision-making in poor neighborhoods, including decisions related to violent behavior. We test these assumptions using multilevel data comprised of a sample of African-American adolescents. Our findings lend support to these arguments. In particular, the results suggested that neighborhood structural disadvantage increases the degree of disagreement or heterogeneity regarding the inappropriateness of violence. Further, exposure to cultural heterogeneity increased adolescents’ involvement in violent behavior and had a moderating influence on the link between individual frames and adolescent violent behavior.
Isolation from rat brain of a metabolic product, desmethylimipramine, that mediates the antidepressant activity of imipramine (Tofranil).

Nach Verabreichung von Imipramin (Tofranil) wurde aus dem Gehirn von Ratten Desmethylimipramin, das N-Monomethylderivat, isoliert. Dieser Metabolit beziehungsweise dessen Anreicherungin vivo scheint fur die antidepressive Wirkung von Imipramin verantwortlich zu sein.
Dramatically stabilized phosphotriesterase-polymers for nerve agent degradation.

Phosphotriesterase (EC 3.1.8.1) was immobilized within a polyurethane foam matrix during polymer synthesis using a prepolymer synthesis strategy. In addition to retaining greater than 50% of the enzyme specific activity, numerous benefits were incurred upon immobilization. Orders of magnitude increases in storage and thermal stability (net stabilization energy = 12.5 kJ/mol) were observed without the need for enzyme premodification. The immobilized enzyme system was protease resistant and seemed to display no adverse effects from immobilization, such as an alteration of enzyme function. The organic solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide, also exhibited a stabilizing effect on phosphotriesterase enzyme systems over a range of intermediate concentrations. We attribute these effects in part to direct interaction between the aprotic solvent and metal containing residues present at the enzyme's active site. Our data demonstrate that just 2.5 kg of immobilized enzyme may be sufficient to degrade 30,000 tons of nerve agent in just 1 year. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 105–114, 1997.
Oligomeric state regulated trafficking of human platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase type-II

The intracellular enzyme platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase type-II (PAFAH-II) hydrolyzes platelet-activating factor and oxidatively fragmented phospholipids. PAFAH-II in its resting state is mainly cytoplasmic, and it responds to oxidative stress by becoming increasingly bound to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes. Numerous studies have indicated that this enzyme is essential for protecting cells from oxidative stress induced apoptosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of the oxidative stress response by PAFAH-II has not been fully resolved. Here, changes to the oligomeric state of human PAFAH-II were investigated as a potential regulatory mechanism toward enzyme trafficking. Native PAGE analysis in vitro and photon counting histogram within live cells showed that PAFAH-II is both monomeric and dimeric. A Gly-2-Ala site-directed mutation of PAFAH-II demonstrated that the N-terminal myristoyl group is required for homodimerization. Additionally, the distribution of oligomeric PAFAH-II is distinct within the cell; homodimers of PAFAH-II were localized to the cytoplasm while monomers were associated to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. We propose that the oligomeric state of PAFAH-II drives functional protein trafficking. PAFAH-II localization to the membrane is critical for substrate acquisition and effective oxidative stress protection. It is hypothesized that the balance between monomer and dimer serves as a regulatory mechanism of a PAFAH-II oxidative stress response.
The mechanical properties of trabecular bone: Dependence on anatomic location and function

In 1961, Evans and King documented the mechanical properties of trabecular bone from multiple locations in the proximal human femur. Since this time, many investigators have cataloged the distribution of trabecular bone material properties from multiple locations within the human skeleton to include femur, tibia, humerus, radius, vertebral bodies, and iliac crest. The results of these studies have revealed tremendous variations in material properties and anisotropy. These variations have been attributed to functional remodeling as dictated by Wolff's Law. Both linear and power functions have been found to explain the relationship between trabecular bone density and material properties. Recent studies have re-emphasized the need to accurately quantify trabecular bone architecture proposing several algorithms capable of determining the anisotropy, connectivity and morphology of the bone. These past studies, as well as continuing work, have significantly increased the accuracy of analytical and experimental models investigating bone, and bone/implant interfaces as well as enhanced our perspective towards understanding the factors which may influence bone formation or resorption.
Channel interference and information rate in an orbital angular momentum multiplexed free-space optical link

The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the crosstalk among orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in an OAM-multiplexed free-space optical communication link is studied via numerical simulations. Information rates of the multi-channel system are computed.
Fluoroscopy-free placement of standard chest wall subcutaneous chronic venous access devices.

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential benefits of using an electromagnetic detection system to guide the intraoperative placement of chronic venous access devices (CVADs). Study Design: An electromagnetic detection system was used to guide catheter placement during 54 procedures. Surgery and radiation exposure times were recorded. An oncology nursing follow-up questionnaire assessed device function. A cost analysis was performed. Outcomes were compared to similar data from a fluoroscopic historical control group. Results: Eight study patients required intraoperative fluoroscopy; in 46 procedures (85%) the electromagnetic detection system was the sole modality employed to guide CVAD placement. One line was subsequently found in the internal mammary vein (2% false negative rate). Mean surgery times for placement of CVADs were 79.5 and 84.5 minutes for the study and control groups (p=NS). Mean radiation exposure rates were 0.16 and 0.86 minutes per patient for the study and control groups (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in device function between groups. Major complications in the study group were rare. Mean cost of CVAD placement was $1993 and $2517 for the study and control groups (p=0.005), respectively. Conclusions: The use of the electromagnetic detection system resulted in accurate placement of chest wall CVADs in the majority of patients. This resulted in significant reductions in radiation exposure and cost of CVAD placement.
A study of the development of traits of entry-level occupational therapy students.

OBJECTIVES This study compared the personality traits of entry-level occupational therapy students before and after their participation in 2 years of academic and clinical education in order to examine the change of traits in their professional personality profile. METHOD Forty-nine occupational therapy students completed the 18 scales of the California Psychological Inventory during their first fall and second spring semesters. This time span included two Level I and one Level II fieldwork experiences. RESULTS T tests were used to analyze the students' scales. Students' scores in the second test showed a statistically significant increase in 13 of the 18 scales as compared to their first test scores. Achievement via independence and psychological-mindedness emerged as the highest ranking personality traits of the students in their second test scores. CONCLUSION The occupational therapy curriculum may have influenced the scores of the entry-level students, in both intellectual and psychosocial traits, in a positive direction.
Physical apodization of ultrasonic arrays

In order to improve the quality of ultrasonic images, it is necessary to narrow the width of the ultrasonic beam produced by the imaging transducer. At the same time, the side lobes of the beam should be suppressed in order to prevent their interference with the main imaging lobe of the beam. Apodization can be used to narrow beam width of an ultrasonic imaging array. While this effect has been produced through element amplitude weighting in pulsed mode linear arrays, a simpler method of apodization can be achieved simply by fabricating elements into other geometries. Currently, small rectangular elements are the standard shape used in single-dimensional ultrasonic imaging arrays. By fabricating array elements into other shapes, apodization is placed on the array. Various apodization schemes have been modeled using a computer simulation. Using the model results, 6 MHz single element transducers were constructed from lead zirconate titanate (PZT) in various geometries. All of these elements had equal surface area. Each of these elements were diced using a common silicon wafer dicing saw as is the preferred industry method for producing ultrasonic arrays. Beam patterns from these transducers were compared to the modeled results.
World Science: Globalization of Institutions and Participation

Science is atypical because it is cultivated with communal participation from throughout the world. This global formation has evolved recently. It originates in the institutionalization of a cosmopolitan tradition in Europe. The cosmopolitan orientation and the perceived usefulness of the European tradition promoted its adoption and institutionalization in the non-Western civilizations. A global institutional frame, including a global science policy regime, sustains communal participation in world science. Participation is described in terms of individual, national, and global communalformations.
Is national history a thing of the past? On the growing reality of world history in the Twentieth century

(1996). Is national history a thing of the past? On the growing reality of world history in the Twentieth century. The European Legacy: Vol. 1, Fourth International Conference of the International Society for the study of European Ideas, pp. 696-702.