cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunoreactivity for intracellular androgen receptors in identified subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in primate prefrontal cortex.

Sex differences in and hormone malleability of a variety of cognitive and mnemonic functions suggest that the association cortices in human and nonhuman primates are targets of gonadal hormone stimulation. One mechanism involved in this stimulation may be genomic actions mediated by intracellular androgen receptors. To identify potential cellular targets of this influence, single- and double-labeling immunohistochemical methods were used to precisely localize androgen receptor proteins in the prefrontal association cortex of adult rhesus monkeys. In both the dorsolateral and orbitofrontal regions, receptor antibodies labeled substantial populations of small intensely immunoreactive nuclei, as well as much larger and less strongly immunoreactive nuclei in all major cellular layers and/or in underlying white matter. Double-labeling studies revealed that large and small immunolabeled nuclei were further distinguished by colocalization with different classes of cell-specific markers. Whereas the large, pale receptor-immunoreactive nuclei colocalized with immunomarkers for neurons, the small, strongly immunoreactive nuclei colocalized exclusively with glial markers. Among androgen receptor-immunoreactive glia, a majority were immunoreactive for astrocyte markers, with smaller numbers of nuclei colocalized with oligodendrocyte markers; immunolabels for microglia failed to colocalize with androgen receptor immunoreactivity. This discovery of an unexpectedly large population of androgen receptor bearing glia suggests that direct functional interactions between endocrine signaling pathways and glial cells such as those coming into view in studies in subcortical and allocortical structures may also take place in the cerebral cortex and contribute to gonadal hormone stimulation of cortical processing of cognitive information.
Program development for a systolic array

The primary objective of the Warp programming environment (WPE) is to simplify the use of Warp, a high-performance programmable linear systolic array connected to a general-purpose workstation host. WPE permits the development of distributed applications that access Warp either locally from the host or remotely from a large number of workstations connected to a local area network. Its audience includes the user who calls routines from a library, the programmer who develops new algorithms for Warp, as well as the implementor who writes support software. Since the linear arrangement of the cells in the array restricts direct input and output with the host to the boundary cells, a source language debugger is important for program development on Warp. This paper presents the Warp debugger and its relation to the other components of the Warp programming environment.
Second-Order Characterizable Cardinals and Ordinals

The notions of finite and infinite second-order characterizability of cardinal and ordinal numbers are developed. Several known results for the case of finite characterizability are extended to infinite characterizability, and investigations of the second-order theory of ordinals lead to some observations about the Fraenkel-Carnap question for well-orders and about the relationship between ordinal characterizability and ordinal arithmetic. The broader significance of cardinal characterizability and the relationships between different notions of characterizability are also discussed.
Rumen lysine escape, rumen fermentation, and productivity of early lactation dairy cows fed free lysine

Abstract The primary objective was to quantitate forestomach escape of lysine fed to cows in a free form. However, since it was expected that a large proportion of the lysine would be degraded in the rumen, other objectives were to determine if lysine impacted ruminal fermentation as well as determine effects on performance of the cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows, fitted with large diameter rumen cannulae between 6 and 8 weeks prior to their projected calving date, were assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment between 2 and 4 weeks post-partum. All cows were fed the same total mixed ration (TMR) and treatment differences were achieved by manually incorporating l -lysine HCl into each cow's individually weighed allocation of TMR at the time of feeding to deliver 0, 1, 2 or 3 g of l -lysine from l -lysine HCl/kg of dry matter (DM) intake, although actually delivered lysine values were about 16% higher. As expected, average rumen free lysine concentrations increased linearly (P=0.05) due to increased feeding levels of lysine. Rumen pH, N and volatile fatty acid concentrations, as well as other organic components of rumen ingesta, including those of isolated rumen bacteria, were unaffected by lysine feeding. Intake of DM, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein were not influenced by increased feeding of l -lysine, as were production of milk and its components. Feeding increasing levels of free lysine to lactating dairy cows, in three levels up to 71 g/day, resulted in an estimated forestomach escape of lysine of 35 g/kg of lysine fed, a level that is only about 1/6 of those reported in previous studies based upon short term pulse dosing and/or feeding studies.
The Painful Eye

Emergency physicians are required to diagnose and treat patients who have a painful eye on a regular basis. This article focuses on ophthalmologic emergencies that range in presentation from mild to severe symptomatology and include vision and eye-threatening ailments. The etiology, pathophysiology, physical examination, and treatment of the following conditions are discussed: acute angle closure glaucoma, scleritis, anterior uveitis, optic neuritis, keratitis, and corneal abrasion. This article should provide the necessary information to allow for rapid diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment of the painful eye.
On a family of multipoint methods for non-linear equations

A new one-parameter family of methods for finding simple zeros of non-linear functions is developed. Each member of the family requires four evaluations of the given function and only one evaluation of the derivative per step. The order of the method is 16.
Transient intraluminal diverticulum of the esophagus: A significant flow artifact

Esophagography in 12 patients showed a characteristic oval-to oblong-shaped barium collection surrounded by a thin radiolucent margin. The collection closely resembled an intraluminal diverticulum. Twelve patients demonstrated these findings, 6 on single-contrast and 6 on double-contrast examinations. These findings were not reproducible on repeat barium swallows, and endoscopy failed to demonstrate an intraluminal diverticulum. Nine of the patients underwent esophagectomy and esophageal substitution. Pathologic examination of the gross specimen did not reveal evidence of intraluminal diverticula. The association of this radiologic appearance in patients with moderately severe motility disorder of the esophagus is emphasized.
Implications of cloning technique for reproductive medicine

The birth of Dolly following the transfer of mammary gland nuclei into enucleated eggs established cloning as a feasible technique in mammals, but the moral implications and high incidence of developmental abnormalities associated with cloning have induced the majority of countries to legislate against its use with human gametes. Because of such negative connotations, restrictive political reactions could jeopardize the therapeutic and scientific promise that certain types of cloning may present. For example, in addition to its proposed use as a way of generating stem cells, the basic technique of nuclear transplantation has proven useful in other ways, including its application to immature eggs as a new approach to the prevention of the aneuploidy common in older women, and for some recent advances in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Thus, while attempts at reproductive cloning in man would seem premature and even dangerous at present, this field will require rational rather than emotional reactions as a basis for legislation if the therapeutic promise of stem cell research and the experimental potential of nuclear transplantation techniques are to be fully realized.
Virtual reality and engineering education

Virtual reality (VR) offers many new possibilities in engineering education. This article gives an introduction to and definition of VR, presents some reasons to use VR, provides suggestions on when to use VR, along with a model for determining this, discusses some current and possible applications, gives examples of equipment and software for a low-budget (<$10,000) VR lab, and describes one such lab. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 5: 3–12, 1997
Effects of Electroosmosis on Soil Temperature and Hydraulic Head. II: Numerical Simulation

A numerical model to simulate the distributions of the voltage, soil temperature, and hydraulic head during a field test of electroosmosis was developed. The two-dimensional governing equations for the distributions of the voltage, soil temperature, and hydraulic head within a cylindrical domain are derived based on the principles of charge, energy, and mass conservations, Darcy’s law, Ohm’s law, and Fourier’s law of heat conduction. We assumed that the voltage distribution was at steady state, whereas the soil temperature and hydraulic head were at transient states during the test. The simulated domain was segmented with a block-centered finite-difference scheme and the resulting equations were solved numerically with the successive overrelaxation method. The parameters (such as electrical, thermal, hydraulic, and electroosmotic properties of the soil, graphite, and sand) that were required by the model were measured either using core samples or slug tests. The model is able to predict the pattern as wel...
Flat Miniature Heat Pipes With Micro Capillary Grooves

Flat miniature heat pipes (FMHP's) are shown to be very promising in the cooling of electronic component systems. This investigation presents a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis on maximum heat transfer capabilities of two copper-water FMHP's with diagonal trapezoidal micro capillary grooves and one copper-water FMHP with axial rectangular micro capillary grooves. Maximum heat flux on the evaporator wall of the 120-mm long axial grooved heat pipe, with a vapor channel cross-sectional area of approximately 1.5 x 12 mm 2 and rectangular grooves of dimensions 0.20 mm wide by 0.42 mm deep, exceeded 90 W/cm 2 in the horizontal orientation and 150 W/cm 2 in the vertical orientation. Theoretical prediction of the capillary limitation in the horizontal orientation agreed reasonably well with the experimental data.
Psittacid herpesviruses associated with mucosal papillomas in neotropical parrots

Mucosal papillomas are relatively common lesions in several species of captive neotropical parrots. They cause considerable morbidity and in some cases, result in mortality. Previous efforts to identify papillomavirus DNA and proteins in these lesions have been largely unsuccessful. In contrast, increasing evidence suggests that mucosal papillomas may contain psittacid herpesviruses (PsHVs). In this study, 41 papillomas from 30 neotropical parrots were examined by PCR with PsHV-specific primers. All 41 papillomas were found to contain PsHV DNA. This 100% prevalence of PsHV infection in the papilloma population was found to be significantly higher than PsHV infection prevalence observed in other surveys of captive parrots. PsHV genotypes 1, 2, and 3, but not 4 were found in these lesions. Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus DNA and finch papillomavirus DNA were not found in the papillomas. A papilloma from a hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) was found to contain cells that had immunoreactivity to antiserum made to the common antigenic region of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 major capsid protein. However, four other mucosal papillomas were negative for this immunoreactivity, and negative control tissues from a parrot embryo showed a similar staining pattern to that seen in the cloaca papilloma of the hyacinth macaw, strongly suggesting that the staining seen in hyacinth macaw papilloma was nonspecific. Based on these findings, it was concluded that specific genotypes of PsHV play a direct role in the development of mucosal papillomas of neotropical parrots and there is no evidence to suggest the concurrent presence of a papillomavirus in these lesions.
Immunological investigation of an insulinlike substance in the chicken egg.

Abstract The availability of chicken insulin and the development of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay technique have allowed detection and immunological characterization of insulin in unfertilized chicken eggs. The substance was immunochemically similar to purified pancreatic chicken insulin. After gel filtration or acid-alcohol extraction, this substance retained the immunochemical characteristics of chicken insulin.
Earnings roundup in private and public bank holding companies

Abstract In this study, we compare the relative tendencies of public versus private firms to round up earnings in a setting of the banking industry. This industry consists of a large number of public and private bank holding companies (BHCs) that face the same regulation environment. In both the full sample and the size-matched sample, we find evidence that public BHCs show a greater tendency to round up the second digit of earnings than do private BHCs. Our study contributes to the current debate on the financial reporting quality of public versus private firms by providing evidence supporting the “opportunistic behavior” hypothesis.
Ionic and Plasma Propulsion for Space Vehicles

The propulsion of future space vehicles by means of electrical engines appears to be the most practical and effective method for long interplanetary missions. The basic principles of the major class of such electrical engines, viz., those utilizing ionic or plasma acceleration, involve technologies familiar to and largely stemming from the work of electronics engineers and plasma physicists. This paper describes the various methods under investigation today for the acceleration and neutralization of charged particles for use in propulsion. The several topics discussed include the problem of beam neutralization, cesium ion engines, electron-bombardment engines, and magnetic plasma acceleration.
Experimental studies on the interaction among cracks, notches and interfaces of bonded polymers

In this paper, we employed simple experimental techniques to investigate a classical yet important failure mechanics problem which has modern applications to the safety and reliability of advanced materials. Polymeric specimens with bonded interfaces and sharp notches were tested in three-point bending. Crack initiation and propagation patterns and loads were documented for validation of numerical simulation techniques. Parameters which were varied include type of material (Plexiglass and Polycarbonate), notch angle (30°, 90° and 120°), interfacial bonding (weak and strong bonds), and loading conditions (symmetrical and unsymmetrical loading relative to the notch tip). Results show that under symmetrical loading, a notch tip connected to an interface causes a mixed-mode crack initiating from the interface. This is in sharp contrast to a mode-I crack initiating from the center of the polymer specimen with any bonded interface as reported in existing literature. Crack propagation occurs along the bonded interface of weakly bonded interfaces, while strongly bonded interfaces show crack kinking into the bulk polymers when the notch angle is greater than 90°. Variations in the loading point in three-point bending lead to corresponding changes in notch/crack tip mode-mixity which significantly influences the crack initiation load. Relationship between the failure patterns and load–displacement curves show the significant influence of notch angle on the crack initiation load.
Plant growth analysis of discontinuous growth data: a modified Richards function

Abstract A method is presented for analyzing growth data of plants with discontinuous relative growth rates resulting from a sudden short-term change in the environment of the plants. This technique provides a quantification of a treatment effect on plant growth where the growth of the control plants can be represented by the Richards function. Growth data from phytotron-grown snap bean plants subjected to episodic ozone exposures are used to illustrate the method. Further applications of the approach are suggested, including the analysis of multiple and single, short-term and long-term episodic events on plant growth.
Two stage fungal biopulping solubilizes lignocellulosic carbohydrates without supplemental enzymatic hydrolysis

Abstract Novel applications of wood decay fungi were examined for effects on lignin and cellulose degradation, as well as carbohydrate solubility before and after treatment with commercial cellulose hydrolyzing enzymes. Pinus taeda wood chips were incubated with white (Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Pleurotus ostreatus) and brown (Postia placenta and Fomitopsis cajanderi) rot fungi in an experimental matrix of single stage, simultaneous co-culture, and successive two-stage treatments. Two stage treatments significantly increased the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis by ca. 19% over controls utilizing industrial standard enzyme loading. Furthermore, novel two stage fungal colonization treatments using wild isolates of P. ostreatus and F. cajanderi directly converted ca. 6.4–7.4% of the bulk biomass into soluble reducing sugars without downstream enzymatic hydrolysis. This study is the first to report significant liberation of depolymerized reducing sugars from fungally-decayed wood chips without enzymatic hydrolysis treatment. This observation has significant potential utility in future fungal biopulping applications for lignocellulosic ethanol.
A Generative Network Model for Product Evolution

Modeling the structure and evolution of products is important from the standpoint of improving quality and maintainability. With the increasing popularity of open-source processes for developing both software and physical systems, there is a need to develop computational models of product evolution in such dynamic product developments scenarios. Existing studies on the evolution of products involve modeling products as networks, taking snapshots of the structure at different time steps, and comparing the structural characteristics. Such approaches are limited because they do not capture the underlying dynamics through which products evolve. In this paper, we take a step toward addressing this gap by presenting a generative network model for product evolution. The generative model is based on different mechanisms though which networks evolve—addition and removal of nodes, addition and removal of links. The model links local network observations to global network structures. It is utilized for modeling and analyzing the evolution of a software product (Drupal) and a physical product (RepRap) developed by open source processes. For the software product, the generated networks are compared with the actual product structures using various network measures including average degree, density, clustering coefficients, average shortest path, propagation cost, clustered cost, and degree distributions. For the physical product, the product evolution is analyzed in terms of the proposed mechanisms. The proposed model has three general applications: longitudinal studies of a product's evolution, cross-sectional studies of evolution of different products, and predictive analyzes.
Long-Term Exposure to Antibiotics Has Caused Accumulation of Resistance Determinants in the Gut Microbiota of Honeybees

Antibiotic treatment can impact nontarget microbes, enriching the pool of resistance genes available to pathogens and altering community profiles of microbes beneficial to hosts. The gut microbiota of adult honeybees, a distinctive community dominated by eight bacterial species, provides an opportunity to examine evolutionary responses to long-term treatment with a single antibiotic. For decades, American beekeepers have routinely treated colonies with oxytetracycline for control of larval pathogens. Using a functional metagenomic screen of bacteria from Maryland bees, we detected a high incidence of tetracycline/oxytetracycline resistance. This resistance is attributable to known resistance loci for which nucleotide sequences and flanking mobility genes were nearly identical to those from human pathogens and from bacteria associated with farm animals. Surveys using diagnostic PCR and sequencing revealed that gut bacteria of honeybees from diverse localities in the United States harbor eight tetracycline resistance loci, including efflux pump genes (tetB, tetC, tetD, tetH, tetL, and tetY) and ribosome protection genes (tetM and tetW), often at high frequencies. Isolates of gut bacteria from Connecticut bees display high levels of tetracycline resistance. Resistance genes were ubiquitous in American samples, though rare in colonies unexposed for 25 years. In contrast, only three resistance loci, at low frequencies, occurred in samples from countries not using antibiotics in beekeeping and samples from wild bumblebees. Thus, long-term antibiotic treatment has caused the bee gut microbiota to accumulate resistance genes, drawn from a widespread pool of highly mobile loci characterized from pathogens and agricultural sites. We found that 50 years of using antibiotics in beekeeping in the United States has resulted in extensive tetracycline resistance in the gut microbiota. These bacteria, which form a distinctive community present in healthy honeybees worldwide, may function in protecting bees from disease and in providing nutrition. In countries that do not use antibiotics in beekeeping, bee gut bacteria contained far fewer resistance genes. The tetracycline resistance that we observed in American samples reflects the capture of mobile resistance genes closely related to those known from human pathogens and agricultural sites. Thus, long-term treatment to control a specific pathogen resulted in the accumulation of a stockpile of resistance capabilities in the microbiota of a healthy gut. This stockpile can, in turn, provide a source of resistance genes for pathogens themselves. The use of novel antibiotics in beekeeping may disrupt bee health, adding to the threats faced by these pollinators.
Thin film characterization by laser interferometry combined with SIMS

Thin film properties of technologically important materials (Si, GaAs, SiO2, WSix) have been measured by using a novel technique that combines secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and laser interferometry.
Characterization of the I2− anion ground state using conventional and femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy

The X 2Σu+ state of the I2− anion has been fit to a Morse potential using data from two techniques: conventional and femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy (FPES). Conventional photoelectron spectroscopy is used to determine the adiabatic electron affinity of I2 as well as the well depth and equilibrium nuclear geometry of I2−. In the FPES experiment, the pump pulse induces coherent nuclear motion on the ground state of I2− by resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (RISRS), and the vibrational frequency of the anion is determined from the resulting oscillatory structure in the time-dependent photoelectron spectra. We find the electron affinity (EA) of I2 to be 2.524±0.005 eV, the well depth (De) for I2− to be 1.014±0.005 eV, the equilibrium internuclear separation (Re) to be 3.205±0.005 A, and the vibrational frequency to be 110±2 cm−1. These values for the I2− potential parameters differ significantly from previous results.
Silent violence: Global health, malaria, and child survival in Tanzania

Vinay R. Kamat, a medical anthropologist with dual doctoral degrees in social work and anthropology, has written a fine ethnography of a largely Muslim village named Mbande near Dar es Salaam. Sile...
The Women Jefferson Loved

The Women Jefferson Loved VIRGINIA SCHARFF New York: Harper, 2009 Pp. 496, $27.99 (hbk), ISBN 978 0 0612 2707 3 When a historian chooses for their subject a figure so studied as Thomas Jefferson, t...
Metabolic relations to temperatures in the copepods Diaptomus dorsalis and Mesocyclopes edax from North-Central Texas

Abstract 1. 1. O2 consumption rates of Diaptomus dorsalis and Mesocyclops edax were determined at 10, 15, 25 and 30°C. 2. 2. Rates increased significantly with temperature in both species, but Q10S indicated that both had slight metabolic compensation to temperature within the 10–30°C range, especially between 25 and 30°C. 3. 3. Rates of D. dorsalis were lower than published rates of congeners from northern populations at similar temperatures.
A note on upper bounds on limit cycles in digital filters

An upper bound on the limit cycles due to multiplication roundoff in a fixed-point second-order digital filter is presented.
Individual Variation in CD4 Cell Count Trajectory among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Men and Women on Long-term Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: An Application using a Bayesian Random Change-Point Model

The authors evaluated population- and individual-level CD4-positive T-lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count trajectories over a 7-year period (July 1995-March 2004) following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The study population included 404 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men and 609 HIV-infected women who 1) had a CD4 cell count measurement available from their last pre-HAART study visit, 2) provided at least four post-HAART CD4 cell count measurements, and 3) reported HAART usage for at least 80% of the post-HAART visits. The CD4 cell count trajectory was analyzed by means of a Bayesian random change-point model. The results indicated that CD4 cell count trajectories for long-term frequent HAART users can be well modeled with change points at both the population and individual levels. At the population level, regardless of CD4 cell count before HAART initiation, the gains in CD4 cell count ended approximately 2 years after HAART initiation in both men and women. At the individual level, 35% of men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study versus 25% of women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study had a statistically significant change in CD4 cell count trajectory within 7 years after HAART initiation.
Post-traumatic stress disorder due to childbirth: the aftermath.

Methods: The qualitative research design used for this study was descriptive phenomenology. The main recruitment approach was via the Internet through the help of Trauma and Birth Stress, a charitable trust in New Zealand. Purposive sampling was used and resulted in 38 mothers participating from the countries of New Zealand, the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The participants were asked to describe their experiences with post-traumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Their stories were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis. Results: Mothers with post-traumatic stress disorder attributable to childbirth struggle to survive each day while battling terrifying nightmares and flashbacks of the birth, anger, anxiety, depression, and painful isolation from the world of motherhood. Conclusions: This glimpse into the lives of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder attributable to childbirth provides an impetus to increase research efforts in this neglected area.
The factor structure of the Vocational Preference Inventory for black and white college students

Abstract This study investigated whether the variables measured by the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) were the same for both black and white students. Kaiser et al. (1969) have noted that the same measurements used with different populations may not measure the same variables and have presented a method of determining the degree of correspondence in the two populations. In the present study, the VPI scores for a group of black students and a group of white students were factor analyzed separately and the black structure was rotated to correspond to the white structure. The correspondence between the variables measured by the VPI for black and white students was found to be very similar. This is to say that the VPI measures the same variables for both black and white college students.
Thermally Modulated Flux Concentrator for Minimizing $1/f$ Noise in Magnetoresistance-Based Field Sensors

In order to take advantage of the high sensitivity in magneto-resistance based field sensor, 1/f noise must be minimized for low frequency field measurement. We propose a novel thermally modulated flux concentrator design, which can mitigate the 1/f noise by shifting the measurement frequency to kHz range. The proposed flux concentrator is made of the materials with Curie points around operation temperature. Numerical simulation demonstrated the feasibility of kHz temperature modulation of 20degC around the Curie temperature. Modulation efficiency can be significantly higher than state-of-the-art flux concentrators. In addition, the numerical simulation also demonstrated the robustness of the thermal modulation on flux concentrator against various nonidealities.
Reference lines for dye-laser wave-number calibration in the optogalvanic spectra of uranium and thorium

The optogalvanic spectra of uranium and thorium observed in commercial hollow-cathode lamps provide convenient lines for dye-laser wave-number calibration. We describe a simple procedure by which a single-frequency cw dye laser can be set on such lines with an accuracy of a few parts in 108. We report wave numbers for 16 U and 16 Th lines distributed over the wavelength range 5750–6920 A. The estimated uncertainty of the measurements is 0.0003 cm−1 for U and 0.0004 cm−1 for Th. The results are compared with previous U and Th measurements and are found to be in good agreement with recently reported emission wave numbers determined by Fourier spectroscopy.
Cobalt-Cortisone Interrelationships in the Induction and Inhibition of Cleft Palate in Mice

The i.m. administration of cortisone acetate, 2.5 mg., to nulliparous CF-1 mice, on Days 11–14 or 10–13 of gestation, yielded 75 and 70 percent incidences, respectively, of cleft palate in the 18-day fetus. The single i.p. injection of either cobaltous chloride, 25 mg./kg., or sodium cobaltinitrite, 50 mg./kg., on Day 10 or 11, followed by four daily i.m. administrations of cortisone or physiological saline caused a marked reduction in the incidence of fetal clefts in the presence of the steroid, and a significant increase in this anomaly in the presence of saline; the more profound effect in each instance being associated with the earlier day of administration. Replacement of cobaltous chloride with nickel chloride in the treatment regimen neither induced cleft palate with physiological saline nor markedly inhibited clefts caused by cortisone.
The egg and larval stages of Nyctiphanes simplex, a euphausiid crustacean from California*

SUMMARY. The female of Nyctiphanes simplex carries her eggs in an egg sac. The eggs hatch in the nauplius stage and remain in the egg sac throughout that stage. The larva emerges from the sac as a pseudo-metanauplius and moults immediately into the metanauplius stage. This is followed by three calyptopis stages and the furcilia stages. There are probably nineteen types of furcilia larvae. Since six of these are numerically dominant, it is probable that the larvae “jump” stages in the furcilia series. The six dominant types are described as the six furcilia stages. A key to the furcilia stages is included.
Protection of doxorubicin cytotoxicity by cycloheximide

The effect of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of cellular protein synthesis) on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in V79 (rodent fibroblasts) cells was investigated. Cycloheximide is a potent protector of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity at concentrations paralleling those required for protein synthesis inhibition. The greatest protective effect was achieved at 10 microM cycloheximide; this concentration correlated with 95% inhibition of protein synthesis. A 15 minute cycloheximide (10 microM) exposure resulted in maximal protein synthesis inhibition; however, 4-6 hr of pretreatment with cycloheximide (10 microM) was required to maximally protect cells from doxorubicin. These results suggest that a time-dependent depletion of a protein is required for cycloheximide's protective effect. Cycloheximide treatments were found to decrease intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin by 35-50% but this decrease accounts for only a small fraction of the total protective effect. When corrections were made for differences in doxorubicin accumulation, cycloheximide had no effect on the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks (DNA-topoisomerase II complexes revealed as single strand DNA breaks in alkaline elution studies). These studies suggest that cycloheximide confers protection from doxorubicin cytotoxicity by a step which occurs following the stabilization of DNA-topoisomerase II complexes.
An In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical Study of Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats

Cytauxzoonosis, caused by the protozoan parasite, Cytauxzoon felis, is a tick-borne disease of domestic cats causing high mortality. The reservoir is wild felids. In this study, 7 archived cases of the disease were examined through in situ hybridization for localization of the parasite and by immunohistochemistry for various cell markers to characterize infected cells. The riboprobe used was specific for the 16S-like rRNA subunit of Babesia microti, which shares 91% identity with the same gene for C. felis. In situ hybridization highlighted the presence of the organism in several tissues, most prominently lung and spleen, and, in general, there were 2 to 10 times more infected cells seen with in situ hybridization than with HE. Parasite-laden cells were usually found within vessels. These cells were often tightly packed and frequently formed parasitic thrombi. Immunohistochemistry with an antilysozyme antibody confirmed the macrophage origin of the infected cells. Using an antibody specific for calprotectin (Mac387), parasitized cells were markedly devoid of this protein, which may explain the lack of diapedesis and vascular crowding of parasitized cells, providing more circulating parasites for the tick vector. Immunohistochemical labeling for 2 proliferation markers, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53, indicated that parasitized cells have a heightened replicative ability, which is probably an additional parasite-driven modification to facilitate survival and transmission.
Disseminated Adenovirus Infection in Cancer Patients Presenting with Focal Pulmonary Consolidation

We report disseminated adenovirus (ADV) infection in four adult cancer patients presenting with focal pulmonary consolidation. In all cases, ADV was recovered from respiratory specimens and ADV viremia (>1 × 10(5) copies/ml) was determined by a quantitative PCR assay. Despite antiviral therapy, 3 (75%) patients died. ADV should be considered as a possible cause of severe pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients.
Less is more, or almost as much: A 15‐item quality‐of‐life instrument for myasthenia gravis

We describe the process whereby a recently developed myasthenia gravis (MG)-specific quality-of-life (QOL) instrument was reduced from 60 items to 15 items while maintaining potential usefulness in the clinic and in prospective treatment trials. In data from a recently completed prospective trial of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in MG, the MG-QOL15 correlated as highly as the 60-item MG-QOL for physical and social domains of the 36-item health survey of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36). Correlation coefficients for the MG-QOL15 were similar to the 60-item MG-QOL for the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG), MG-specific Manual Muscle Testing (MG-MMT), and the MG-specific Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scores at week 0 and for change in scores from week 0 to week 12 in the MMF trial. Using the physician global impression at week 12 of the trial as the "gold standard," the MG-QOL15 demonstrated high sensitivity. Because the MG-QOL15 instrument can be quickly and easily administered and interpreted, it is a potential QOL measure for treatment trials and the clinical evaluation of patients with MG.
Bedside inferior vena cava filter placement by intravascular ultrasound in critically ill patients is safe and effective for an extended time

Background Bedside inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) placement by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance has previously been shown to be a safe and effective technique, especially for critically ill patients, with initial experience of a prospectively implemented algorithm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IVUS-guided filter placement in critically ill patients with experience now extending out 5 years from implementation. Methods All patients undergoing bedside IVUS-guided IVCF placement from 2008 to 2012 were identified. Records were reviewed on the basis of IVCF reporting standards. Outcomes data including technical success, complications, and mortality were analyzed at 30 days. Results During the 5-year period, 398 patients underwent attempted bedside IVCF placement by IVUS. Technical feasibility was possible in 396 cases (99.5%); two bedside procedures were aborted because of inadequate IVUS visualization. Overall technical success was achieved in 393 of 396 (99.2%), with malpositioned IVCF in three cases. An optional IVCF was used in 372 (93.9%) and a permanent IVCF in 24 (6.1%). Single-puncture technique was performed in 388 (97.4%); additional dual access was required in 10 (2.6%). Periprocedural complications were rare (3.0%) and included malpositioning that required retrieval and repositioning or an additional IVCF (3), filter tilt ≥20 degrees (4), arteriovenous fistulas (2), insertion site thrombosis (2), and hematoma (1). Comparison of the first 100 procedures performed within the sample population with the last 100 procedures revealed an overall success rate of 96% in the first 100 compared with 100% in the last 100 (P = .043). There were no deaths related to pulmonary embolism or IVCF-related problems. Conclusions On the basis of 5 years of experience with bedside IVCF placement in critically ill patients, the IVUS-guided IVCF technique continues to be a safe and effective option in this high-risk population, with a time-dependent improvement in outcome measures.
FDTD Analysis of Periodic Structures at Arbitrary Incidence Angles: A Simple and Efficient Implementation of the Periodic Boundary Conditions

This paper presents a simple and efficient approach to implement the periodic boundary conditions (PBC) in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The scattering property of periodic structures is computed in the kx-frequency plane through several rounds of FDTD simulations, each with a constant kx value. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated through a dipole frequency selective surface (FSS) example
Why Gratitude Enhances Well-Being: What We Know, What We Need to Know

Gratitude is held in high esteem by virtually everyone, at all times, in all places. From ancient religious scriptures through modern social science research, gratitude is advanced as a desirable human characteristic with the capacity for making life better for oneself and for others. Though gratitude is associated with pleasantness and highly desirable life outcomes, it is certainly not an easy or automatic response to life situations. Resentment and entitlement often seem to come naturally. Individual personality fl aws such as neuroticism or narcissism make it diffi cult to recognize the positive contributions of others. The very fact that gratitude is a virtue suggests that it must be deliberately cultivated. Like any virtue, it must be taught, or at least modeled, and practiced regularly, until it becomes, in an Aristotelian sense, a habit of character. A grateful person is one who is prone to react to the goodness of others in a benevolent and receptive fashion, reciprocating kindness when opportunities arise. The grateful person has been able to overcome tendencies to take things for granted, to feel entitled to the benefi ts they have received, and to take sole credit for all of their advantages in life. They are able to gladly recognize the contributions that others have made to their well-being. Further, they are able to discern when it is appropriate to express gratitude and are not overly concerned with exacting gratitude from those whom they benefi t. What have we learned about gratitude and the grateful personality? First, a defi nition: Gratitude is an acknowledgment that we have received something of value from others. It arises from a posture of openness to others, where we are able to gladly recognize their benevolence. Societies through the ages have long extolled the benefi ts of gratitude, and classical writings have deemed it the “greatest of the virtues.” But only recently has psychological theory and research on gratitude begun to catch up with philosophical commendations. In the fi rst part of this chapter, we review research on gratitude and positive human functioning. First, we briefl y consider the research on gratitude and well-being. After a consideration of this evidence, we explore the mechanisms by which gratitude enhances wellbeing. We consider several explanations and evaluate the empirical evidence for each. In the latter part of the chapter, we establish an agenda for the future by considering some ways in 16
A New species of Pleurotus

A new species, Pleurotus abieticola, was col- lected in far eastern Russia. We show that Pleurotus abieticola is reproductively isolated from other Pleu- rotus species. Comparisons of ribosomal ITS DNA-se- quence data grouped P abieticola with monomitic pleurotoid species of the genus, while cluster analysis (Neighbor Joining) and parsimony analysis indicated that P abieticola was distinct from extant species. The combination of differences in morphology, repro- ductive isolation, substrate preference and DNA se- quence justifies the proposal of a new species.
Electrochemical Behavior of Cytochrome c552 from a Psychrophilic Microorganism

Psychrophilic organisms play a significant role in global nutrient cycling and bioremediation, and thus there is great interest in understanding the details of their cellular processes. Here, we report the first electrochemical measurements of cytochrome c552 isolated from the model psychrophile, Colwellia psychrerythraea. Quasi-reversible redox behavior is observed at thiol-modified and bare gold electrodes with midpoint potentials of 247 and 277 mV vs SHE, respectively. Comparison of the voltammetric response on the two substrates illustrates the need for a modified surface to direct protein orientation and facilitate electron transfer in a reproducible manner. Temperature-dependence measurements of the current profile illustrate the protein’s ability to participate in electron transfer reactions over a 50° range, which is supported by recent structural evidence of enhanced flexibility. These electrochemical findings allow the behavior of this psychrophilic cytochrome to be evaluated in the context of m...
Abstract 1871: Ecological association of trace element exposure and lung and colorectal cancer incidence in Southeastern Kentucky

Background: Based on National Program of Cancer Registries data from 2002-2006, Kentucky has the highest incidence rate for invasive lung and the second highest rate for invasive colorectal cancer in the US, and these rates may not be fully explained by common risk factors such as smoking. An association between exposure to certain trace elements such as arsenic(As), chromium(Cr) VI, and nickel(Ni) and these two cancers has been documented (As, Cr, Ni in lung and Cr in colorectal). Geologic maps displaying concentrations of As in Kentucky show higher amounts in the Appalachian region compared to the remainder of KY. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of trace elements in toenail samples from subjects living in southeastern KY compared to subjects living in the urban area of Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Trace elements in nail samples may indicate environmental exposures and reflect differences in exposure risk across KY. Methods: Trace element exposure levels were measured in toe-nail samples provided by 503 subjects sampled across 26 KY counties in the southeastern Appalachian region of KY (n=223) and in Jefferson County KY (n=280). The nail samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for the metals Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. Using Kentucky Cancer Registry data from 2003-2007, incidence rates and their 95% CIs for lung and colorectal cancer were compared between southeastern Appalachian KY and the remainder of KY. Trace element concentrations in many samples fell below method detection limits primarily due to limited toenail sample mass. Trace element distributions were estimated using the “Reverse Kaplan-Meier” method for left-censored data. Gamma-based confidence intervals for lung and colorectal incidence rates in each of the two regions were calculated. Findings: As, Cr, Ni, Se, Cu, Fe, and Pb were found to be significantly higher in southeastern Appalachian KY compared to Jefferson County (all p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1871. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1871
Does the testing effect depend on presentation modality

Abstract We examined whether the testing effect generalizes to an auditory presentation modality. Five lists of unrelated words (Experiment 1) and related words (Experiment 2) were presented to participants, half of whom studied them visually and half studied them auditorily. Participants in the study-only condition performed a short distractor task following lists 1–4, whereas those in the testing condition completed a short distractor task and then attempted to recall each list. Both groups were subsequently tested on List 5 and on all five lists 30 min later. In both experiments, we found a testing effect for both List 5 and for the final cumulative recall test. However, the effect did not interact with study modality, despite the fact that proactive interference was greater following auditory study. These results have important implications for educational practice, suggesting that initial testing is important for materials presented in auditory as well as visual formats.
THE MAN WHO WOULD BE EVERYTHING (TO EVERYONE): THE UNCONSCIOUS REALITIES AND FANTASIES OF PSYCHIC TRUTH AND CHANGE

This paper explores the psychoanalyst's dilemmas in treating a man who came for analysis as a self-identified compulsive liar. The decision as to whether or not to treat this man, and how to do so without getting caught up in a web of deceit and manipulation, raises issues about the nature of unconscious fantasy and its relationship to psychic truth. Therapeutic action as it involves the activation of multiple internal self-other configurations and their psychodynamic relationship to each other is also explored.
Communication with ZB Watt-hour Meter and its Effect to the Electric Energy Measurement

By the phenomenon that ZB Watt-hour meter in a communication state display abnormally, we the propose the issue of the effect to the electric energy measurement from communication. This paper introduces the process of communication with ZB Watt-hour meter, proves by experiment the long time communication does not affect the measurement accuracy of the meter, and gives several suggestions to avoid the meter entering a long time communication state, which help to the normal use of the ZB Watt-hour meter and its long-distance automatic meter reading system design.