cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic and Immunohistochemical Profiling of SLC6A14 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

We used a target-centric strategy to identify transporter proteins upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as potential targets for a functional imaging probe to complement existing anatomical imaging approaches. We performed transcriptomic profiling (microarray and RNASeq) on histologically confirmed primary PDAC tumors and normal pancreas tissue from 33 patients, including five patients whose tumors were not visible on computed tomography. Target expression was confirmed with immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 94 PDAC patients. The best imaging target identified was SLC6A14 (a neutral and basic amino acid transporter). SLC6A14 was overexpressed at the transcriptional level in all patients and expressed at the protein level in 95% of PDAC tumors. Very little is known about the role of SLC6A14 in PDAC and our results demonstrate that this target merits further investigation as a candidate transporter for functional imaging of PDAC.
Deletion of rpoB reveals a second distinct transcription system in plastids of higher plants.

The plastid genome in higher plants encodes subunits of an Escherichia coli-like RNA polymerase which initiates transcription of plastid genes from sequences resembling E.coli sigma70-type promoters. By deleting the gene for the essential beta subunit of the tobacco E.coli-like RNA polymerase, we have established the existence of a second plastid transcription system which does not utilize E.coli-like promoters. In contrast to the E.coli-like RNA polymerase, the novel transcription machinery preferentially transcribes genetic system genes rather than photosynthetic genes. Although the mutant plants are photosynthetically defective, transcription by this polymerase is sufficient for plastid maintenance and plant development.
The Effects Of Financial Education And Networks On Business Students Financial Literacy

This study investigates the joint effects of financial education and educational networks on students financial literacy. With a sample (N = 105) of senior students in a business college, the study finds that not only financial education, but also strong networks with professors, are positively related to the financial literacy of business students. After controlling for financial education, the results reveal that students educational network strength is positively associated with their financial literacy. On the contrary, students personal networks are not significantly related to their financial literacy. This paper contributes to the literature on financial literacy by showing that individuals financial networks with faculty, as well as financial education, can influence their financial literacy.
Shame, classroom resistance, and Bion’s desire not to know Vergonha, resistência em sala de aula, e o ‘desejo de não saber’, de Bion

It is not uncommon for students to resist evidence or claims taught by their teachers. This paper uses affect theory from the work of Sylvan Tomkins to understand Wilfred Bion’s account of the human "desire not to know." I argue that cultural experiences with shame and disgust set in place biological responses that restrict and attack possibilities for cognitive thought. Classroom experiences that appeal to requirements for "thoughtfulness" should anticipate the biological ground of resistances and seek forms of engagement that respond to resistance through emotional rather than intellectual force.
The Effect of Male and Female Body Size on the Mating Behavior of Male Fairy Shrimp, Eubranchipus neglectus

ABSTRACT We studied size-related mating patterns in the freshwater fairy shrimp Eubranchipus neglectus in the laboratory. Males were provided with relatively small or large females that they could only sense by vision. We recorded the number of times a male pursued the female (“follows”), the duration of these follows, and the number of times a male attempted to grasp the female. Relatively large males performed more mating behavior than relatively small males. Furthermore, males (regardless of their own size) exhibited more mating behavior towards large than small females. They followed large females more frequently, attempted to grasp large females more often, and had a greater percentage of follows with a grasp attempt with large females. There was no relationship between male to female size ratio and either follows or grasp attempts. These results suggest that male E. neglectus have a preference for larger females; the function of this preference may be that large females have more eggs, a benefit whi...
Evidence that maturation of the peripheral chemoreceptors is not complete in childhood

We examined the hypothesis that the peripheral chemoreceptors contribute a different degree of tone to respiration during exercise in normal young children as compared to adults. To improve resolution of the peripheral chemoreceptor contribution, the studies were conducted during controlled levels of exercise. Peripheral chemoreceptor function was assessed by the hyperoxic (FIO2 = 0.80) switch technique during steady-state, sub-anaerobic threshold exercise during air (FIO2 = 0.21) and midly hypoxic gas (FIO2 = 0.15) breathing in 9 healthy children (mean +/- 1 SD age (years) = 8.2 +/- 1.4) and 10 healthy adults (28.2 +/- 6.5). Ventilation during exercise was significantly greater under hypoxic conditions in both children and adults. During air breathing exercise the mean ventilatory decrease in response to the hyperoxic switch was similar in the two groups (27.9 +/- 10.7% in children and 23.3 +/- 6.3% in adults). In contrast, during hypoxic gas breathing exercise the children demonstrated a much greater decrease in ventilation following the hyperoxic switch (57.9 +/- 3.6%) compared to adults (38.9 +/- 5.5%) (P less than 0.0001). Thus, the peripheral chemoreceptors have a greater role in the exercise hyperpnea during hypoxic exercise in young children as compared to adults, suggesting attenuation of peripheral chemoreceptor function during maturation.
Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan.

The first goal of this study is to determine which acoustic cues correlate with stress in Tongan. Preliminary data indicate that pitch (F0), duration, and vowel height (F1) are the best cues to stress. Differences are also found for vowel frontness (F2), intensity, and voice quality. The second goal is to use these acoustic stress correlates to test for syllable fusion, an alleged phonological process in Tongan by which sequences of vowels in separate syllables fuse into a single syllable (e.g., Poser 1985). Lower‐to‐higher sequences (e.g., /ai/) are said to undergo fusion while higher‐to‐lower sequences (e.g., /ia/) are not. However, no empirical studies have been conducted testing these claims. Using the acoustic stress cues identified for Tongan, these two types of sequences are compared, where the first vowel of each sequence falls in a stressed position. For higher‐to‐lower sequences (e.g., /ia/), the first vowel should show acoustic cues of stress whereas the second vowel should appear unstressed. F...
Design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel bicyclic lactam as a gly-pro type vi beta-turn mimic

Abstract The stereoselective synthesis and conformational evaluation of Gly-Pro type VI turn mimic 7, the first mimetic to constrain the central three bonds and incorporate the side chain groups of a beta-turn, is described. A superimposition of the crystallographically determined structure of 7 with the structure of a typical type VI turn revealed exceptional similarity in backbone and side chain atom positions. The temperature dependence of the chemical shift of the amide proton of the derivative 8 in DMSO confirmed the presence of a remarkably stable i, i+3 intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Heavy/binge drinking and depressive symptoms in older adults: gender differences

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine gender similarity/difference in the association between depressive symptoms (11-item Center for Epidemiologic Scale for Depression (CES-D) scores), on the one hand, and frequency and amount of alcohol use, on the other, among older adults.
Electronic properties and stabilities of bulk and low-index surfaces of SnO in comparison with Sn O 2 : A first-principles density functional approach with an empirical correction of van der Waals interactions

The electronic properties and stabilities of SnO and $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ bulk materials and their low-index surfaces are investigated by density functional theory. An empirical method has been adopted in this study to account for the van der Waals interactions among the Sn-O layers in the bulk and low-index surfaces of SnO. Compared with $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, the structural and electronic properties of SnO bulk and its low-index surfaces present some unique features due to the dual valency of Sn. In SnO, the $s$ orbital of Sn has larger contributions than its $p$ and $d$ orbitals in the first valence band (VB) and the $p$ orbital of Sn has a larger contribution than its $s$ and $d$ orbitals in its conduction band (CB). In $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, the $p$ and $d$ orbitals of Sn play an important role to form the upper part of the VB and its $s$ orbital dominates in forming the lower parts of the VB and the CB. In both oxides, the $s$ orbital of O forms the second VB with lower energy and its $p$ orbitals are involved in forming the first VB and the CB. The calculated bulk modulus and cohesive energy agree well with the experimental measurements. By constructing all possible symmetrical low-index surfaces of SnO and the (111) surface of $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, our results reveal that the calculated surface energies of SnO stoichiometric surfaces are lower than that of the corresponding surfaces of $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ due to different bonding between Sn and O in these two oxides. The calculated stabilities of the low-index stoichiometric surfaces of SnO are in the order $(001)g(101)∕(011)\ensuremath{\ge}(010)∕(100)g(110)g(111)$ while the order in the case of $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is $(110)g(010)∕(100)g(101)∕(011)g(001)g(111)$. The calculated relationships between surface free energies $[\ensuremath{\gamma}(p,T)]$ and oxygen chemical potentials $[{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{O}}(p,T)]$ indicate that the nonstoichiometric O-terminated (110) and (111) surfaces of SnO could be more stable than their corresponding stoichiometric ones when the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{O}}(p,T)$ reaches its higher O-rich bound, and one Sn-terminated nonstoichiometric (111) surface of $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ could be more stable than its stoichiometric ones when the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{O}}(p,T)$ falls into its lower O-poor region. During surface formation from the bulk, the stable surface usually has small atom displacements. For both SnO and $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ the atoms on the (111) surface have larger relaxations than on their other low-index surfaces.
ATP balance and the effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on fatty acid synthesis.

Abstract The effect of 2,3-dinitrophenol on glucose metabolism and fatty acid synthesis by rat adipose tissue slices, adipocytes, and parenchyma cells from mammary gland of lactating rats was investigated. 2,4-Dinitrophenol at the lowest concentrations that caused uncoupling, depressed fatty acid synthesis, 1% albumin abolished the effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol at concentrations below 0.2 mM.
Dynamics, evolution, and structure of Uranus' brightest cloud feature ☆

Abstract The brightest cloud feature ever observed on Uranus at near-infrared wavelengths was detected on 14 and 15 August 2005, in images obtained with the NIRC2 instrument and adaptive optics (AO) at the 10-m Keck II telescope. The feature has been tracked forward and backward in time, and appears to have existed almost certainly from 5 November 2004 (possibly as early as 11 July 2004) through 29 October 2005. It appears to exhibit two modes of oscillation in latitude and longitude. The slow oscillation period is too long to be completely characterized by the observations; its period is most likely near 448 days, but might be as long as 753 days. The slow oscillation is consistent with the zonal mean wind profile when a superimposed more rapid oscillation is accounted for. The slow oscillation, possibly associated with a Rossby wave, was centered at 30.2° N and had a latitude amplitude of 0.6°–0.7°. Its rapid oscillation had an amplitude of ∼1.2° in latitude and a likely period near 0.68455 days, which is consistent with an inertial oscillation at the observed latitude. The multi-component structure of the bright features has evolved over time, as has its vertical structure. Its brightness maximum was due to a combination of cloud particles being lofted to higher altitudes, some rising from 400–500 to 300 mb, and by its effective cloud fraction (or equivalent cloud area) increasing by a factor of 5 or more. In the K′ band (2.2 μm) the differential integrated brightness due to this bright complex increased to 13% of the total light reflected by Uranus on 15 August 2005, rising from about 2% a month earlier and declining to 0.7% two months later. It has not been seen in 2006 observations.
Impedance-based health monitoring technique for massive structures and high-temperature structures

This paper presents the recent research on impedance-based structural health monitoring technique at Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. The basic principle behind this technique is to use high frequency structural excitation (typically greater than 30 kHz) through the surface-bonded piezoelectric sensor/actuator to detect changes in structural point impedance due to the presence of damage. Two examples are presented in this paper to explore its effectiveness to the practical field applications. First, the possibility of implementing the impedance-based health monitoring technique to detect damage on massive, dense structures was investigated. The test structure considered is a massive, circular, three-inch thick steel steam header pipe. Practical issues such as effects of external boundary condition changes and the extent of damage that could be detected were the issues to be identified. By the consistent repetition of tests, it has been determined that this impedance-based technique is able to detect a very small size of hole (4 X 20 mm), which can be considered the mass loss of 0.002% of entire structure. The second example includes the implementation of this technique in the high temperature applications. With high temperature piezoceramic materials, which have a Curie temperature higher than 2000 degrees F, experiments were performed to detect damage on the bolted joint structure in the temperature range of 900 - 1100 degrees F. Through the experimental investigations, the applicability of this impedance-based health monitoring technique to monitor such an extreme application was verified, with some practical issues need to be resolved. Data collected from the tests proved beyond a doubt the capability of this technology to detect both existing and imminent damage.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Granulicatella bacteraemia in children: two cases and review of the literature

Granulicatella spp. is a fastidious bacteria responsible for bacteremia and endocarditis which are fatal in about 20% of the cases. These severe infections are uncommon in children under 17 years of age and have proven extremely difficult to treat. We report a brief review of the literature and two cases of NVS bacteremia by Granulicatella complicated by infective endocarditis (IE). The first one is that of a 7-year-old Caucasian female with Shone syndrome and IE involving the pulmonary valve homograft, confirmed by echocardiography. The second case is that of a 5-year-old Caucasian male. In this patient echocardiogram was negative for signs of IE; however, a “possible” IE was suspected on the basis of a cardiac catheterization 3 weeks before the onset of fever. Since in both our patients clinical failure of first line antibiotic treatment was observed, we used a combination of meropenem with another anti-streptococcal drug with excellent results. In Granulicatella bacteremia in the pediatric population, combination antimicrobial therapy including meropenem should be considered as a second line treatment in non-responding patients.
Issue Voting in Gubernatorial Elections: Abortion and Post -Webster Politics

Nearly all studies of gubernatorial voting focus on the role of state economic conditions and incumbency on vote choice. Yet gubernatorial campaigns frequently focus on social issues such as abortion, the death penalty, and gun control. Using data from 1989 and 1990 exit polls in 10 states, we find that abortion was a significant predictor of vote choice in all but one. Our logistic regression analysis suggests that abortion position had a greater impact on vote choice than state economic conditions in eight of the 10 states in our analysis, and that abortion was a stronger predictor than even partisanship in Pennsylvania. This suggests the need to consider noneconomic issues in gubernatorial voting studies.
Minimal forbidden sets for degree sequence characterizations

Abstract Given a set F of graphs, a graph G is F -free if G does not contain any member of F as an induced subgraph. A set F is degree-sequence-forcing (DSF) if, for each graph G in the class C of F -free graphs, every realization of the degree sequence of G is also in C . A DSF set is minimal if no proper subset is also DSF. In this paper, we present new properties of minimal DSF sets, including that every graph is in a minimal DSF set and that there are only finitely many DSF sets of cardinality k . Using these properties and a computer search, we characterize the minimal DSF triples.
Sensitization and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Alloy 800H in High-Temperature Water

Abstract The present study seeks to determine the applicability of the widely recommended ASTM A262, Practice C “Huey” test for sensitization in predicting intergranular stress corrosion cracking (...
Impact of payer status on treatment of cervical cancer at a tertiary referral center.

Objectives The study aims to determine the impact of payer status on the likelihood of receiving definitive treatment for invasive cervical cancer at a tertiary medical center.
Nonlinear Second Order System of Neumann Boundary Value Problems at Resonance

Let f : [ 0 , π ] × ℝ N → ℝ N , ( N ≥ 1 ) satisfy Caratheodory conditions, e ( x ) ∈ L 1 ( [ 0 , π ] ; ℝ N ) . This paper studies the system of nonlinear Neumann boundary value problems x ″ ( t ) + f ( t , x ( t ) ) = e ( t ) , 0 t π , x ′ ( 0 ) = x ′ ( π ) = 0 . This problem is at resonance since the associated linear boundary value problem x ″ ( t ) = λ x ( t ) , 0 t π , x ′ ( 0 ) = x ′ ( π ) = 0 , has λ = 0 as an eigenvalue. Asymptotic conditions on the nonlinearity f ( t , x ( t ) ) are offered to give existence of solutions for the nonlinear systems. The methods apply to the corresponding system of Lienard-type periodic boundary value problems.
‘Neither Male nor Female’: The Ethiopian Eunuch in Acts 8.26–40*

There is a widespread assumption in Acts' scholarship that the Ethiopian eunuch is an elite official who reflects Luke's larger interest in high-status individuals. Such an assumption, however, overlooks the inextricable connection between status, gender and ethnicity in the Greco-Roman world, and how the eunuch's repeated designation as ‘the eunuch’ would have affected his status in particular. This article thus problematises the depiction of the eunuch as an elite convert by contextualising the eunuch's identification as both a ‘eunuch’ (eὐνοῦχος) and an ‘Ethiopian’ (Αἰθίοψ). Overall, the eunuch is an ambiguous figure who embodies the boundary-crossing nature of the gospel itself.
Combining Precipitation Probabilities

Abstract Two methods are discussed for combining the routine forecasts of the 12 h probability of precipitation made by the National Weather Service, for use when longer period probabilities are desired but cannot be created independently. Both apply a year's forecasts from 28 forecast offices to basic equations of probability to adjust for the obvious dependence of the precipitation events among the forecast periods. Both methods suggest that warm season precipitation events are more independent than cold season ones, as would be expected. One method gave unrealistic results for probability combinations outside the range of those actually used. The other method applied realistic constraints to eliminate this undesirable feature. The largest deviations from probabilities for independent events occurred when combining probabilities of 60%, but the deviations wore only about 5% in the warm season and 10% in the cold season. Tables and an equation for combining probabilities are given.
User interface development processes and methodologies

De la difficulte de formaliser le concept d'interaction avec l'utilisateur, en permanente reevaluation. Certains proposent un parallele entre le developpement de l'interface utilisateur et les methodes liees au software. Pour s'assurer de la fonctionnalite du systeme (performance, diminution du taux d'erreur, satisfaction de l'utilisateur..), l'interface humaine et le software doivent etre iteratifs. De meme pour l'analyse du systeme (besoins, tâches, activites diverses et impact au niveau de l'utilisation) qui vise un produit de qualite.
Perpetual Incarceration Machine Structural Impediments to Postprison Success

The prison system is a perpetual incarceration machine growing on failure. This article explores structural impediments that contribute to parole failure and recidivism. Prisoners exit prison with few material resources and many obligations. Upon arrival at the work release centers, they are subjected to the demands of “collection counselors.” They complain about deductions from their employment checks, including restitution, court costs, fees for public defenders, and rent for work release beds. The correctional system perpetuates itself: Failures in work release, probation, and parole account for the majority of new prison admissions. Recommendations are provided for effective prison release programs.
GPS calibrated multiwavelength water vapor Raman lidar measurements to assess urban aerosol hygroscopicity

In this paper, we explore the possibility of determining thenature and variability of urban aerosol hygroscopic properties using multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements at 355nm, as well as backscatter measurements at 532nm and 1064nm.. The addition of these longer wavelength channels allow us to more accurately validate the homogeneity of the aerosol layer as well as provide additional multiwavelength information that can be used to validate and modify the aerosol models underlying the hygroscopic trends observed in the Raman channel. In support of our hygroscopic measurements, we also discuss our calibration procedures for both the aerosol and water vapor profiles. The calibration algorithm we ultimately use for the water vapor measurements are twilight measurements where water vapor radiosonde data from the OKX station in NYS, are combined with total water vapor obtained from a GPS MET station. These sondes are then time correlated with independent near surface RH measurements to address any bias issues that may occur due to imperfect calibration due to lidar overlap issues and SNR limitations in seeing the water vapor at high altitudes.. In particular, we investigate the possibility of using ratio optical scatter measurments which eliminate the inherent problem of variable particle number and illustrate the sensitivity of different hygroscopic aerosols to these measurements. We find that the use of combine backscatter color ratios between 355 and 1064 together with the conventional extinction to backscatter ratio at 355nm should be able to improve retrieval of hygroscopic properties.
Multiplexed analysis using time-resolved near-IR fluorescence for the detection of genomic material

While fluorescence continues to be an important tool in genomics, new challenges are being encountered due to increased efforts toward miniaturization reducing detection volumes and the need for screening multiple targets simultaneously. We have initiated work on developing time- resolved near-IR fluorescence as an additional tool for the multiplexed analyses of DNA, either for sequencing or mutation detection. We have fabricated simple and compact time-resolved fluorescence microscopes for reading fluorescence from electrophoresis or DNA microarrays. These microscopes consist of solid-state diode lasers and diode detectors and due to their compact size, the optical components and laser head can be mounted on high-speed micro-translational stages to read fluorescence from either multi-channel capillary electrophoresis instruments or micro fabricated DNA sorting devices. The detector is configured in a time-correlated single photon counting format to allow acquisition of fluorescence lifetimes on-the-fly during data acquisition in the limit of low counting statistics. In multiplexed analyses, lifetime discrimination serves as a method for dye-reporter identification using only a single readout channel. Also, coupled to multi-color systems, lifetime identification can significantly increase the number of probes monitored in a single instrument. In this work, near-IR fluorescence, including dye-labels and hardware, will be discussed as well as the implementation of near-IR fluorescence in DNA sequencing using slab gel electrophoresis and DNA microarrays.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Monitoring the metropolitanization process.

Alternative approaches have led to different interpretations of the metropolitanization process in the United States. We identify and illustrate several methods and procedures for monitoring metropolitan-nonmetropolitan population change using the 1950–1980 U.S. decennial censuses. Two basic approaches are compared: constant area approaches and component methods. In addition, we assess the effects of changing metropolitan definitions on metropolitan-nonmetropolitan growth. The results clearly reveal that the underlying mechanics of metropolitanization not only are complex but have changed substantially during the 1950–1980 period. We conclude with observations regarding the use of these procedures in future research.
Improved Outcomes in Hypertension After Physician Tutorials: A Controlled Trial

Physicians working at the General Medical Clinic of the Johns Hopkins Hospital entered into tutorials to improve their effectiveness as managers and educators of patients with essential hypertension. After exposure to a single teaching session, tutored physicians allocated a greater percent of clinic-visit time to patient teaching than did control physicians, achieving increased patient knowledge and more appropriate patient beliefs regarding hypertension and its therapy. Patients of tutored physicians were more compliant with drug regimens and had better control of blood pressure than patients of untutored physicians. The personal physician, if he is provided with strategies for identifying the noncompliant patient and for intervening in that behavior, can apply a stimulus to his patients that results in improved compliance and better control of hypertension.
Absolute Intensities for Third and Fourth Overtone Absorptions in HNO3 and H2O2 Measured by Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy

Photodissociation of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide via high-lying O-H overtone absorptions in the visible may act as a source of OH radicals in the atmosphere. The authors have used cavity ring down spectroscopy to measure the absorption cross sections for the third (4{nu}{sub OH}) and fourth (5{nu}{sub OH}) overtone transitions in these molecules. The integrated cross sections are (2.25 {+-} 0.15) x 10{sup {minus}21} and (2.57 {+-} 0.24) x 10{sup {minus}22} cm{sup 2} molecule{sup {minus}1} cm{sup {minus}1} for 4{nu}{sub OH} and 5{nu}{sub OH} in nitric acid, respectively, and (4.58 {+-} 0.39) x 10{sup {minus}21} and (5.67 {+-} 0.52) x 10{sup {minus}22} cm{sup 2} molecule{sup {minus}1} cm{sup {minus}1} for 4{nu}{sub OH} and 5{nu}{sub OH} in hydrogen peroxide. For both molecules, their report is the first direct intensity measurement for 5{nu}{sub OH}, the lowest dissociative overtone transition. The authors compare their values for the lower overtones to those from previous studies, where available. Measured cross sections suggest that the contribution of direct overtone excitation to the atmospheric photodissociation of HNO{sub 3} and H{sub 2}O{sub 2} is small but not completely negligible.
Energy expenditure in assisted ambulation.

Abstract The average energy cost of assisted ambulation in a group of 20 elderly patients convalescing from hip fractures was found to be 2.82 Calories per minute. This rate is approximately 30 per cent of the maximum energy expenditure for healthy men of the same age and may approach the actual maximum for certain patients. No significant differences in energy expenditure were demonstrated among patients using crutches, walkers, or parallel bars. Certain individuals showed marked increases of pulse rate or blood pressure during 3 minutes of assisted ambulation, and it is suggested that pulse rate may be used as a guide to the optimal duration of exercise in a specific case.
Dissecting RNA-Interference Pathway with Small Molecules

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process whereby short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) silence gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. We have screened a chemical library of substituted dihydropteridinones and identified a nontoxic, cell permeable, and reversible inhibitor of the RNAi pathway in human cells. Biochemical and fluorescence resonance-energy transfer experiments demonstrated that one of the compounds, named ATPA-18, inhibited siRNA unwinding that occurred within 6 hr of siRNA transfection. Extracts prepared from ATPA-18-treated cells also exhibited a decrease in target RNA cleavage by activated RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC*). Interestingly, when activated RISC*, which harbors unwound antisense siRNA, was treated with ATPA-18 in vitro, target RNA cleavage was not affected, indicating that this compound inhibited siRNA unwinding or steps upstream of unwinding in the RNAi pathway. Our results also establish the timing of siRNA unwinding and show that siRNA helicase activity is required for RNAi. ATPA-18 analogs will therefore provide a new class of small molecules for studying RNAi mechanisms in a variety of model organisms and deciphering in vivo genetic functions through reverse genetics.
Compulsive Buying: The Role of Irrational Beliefs, Materialism, and Narcissism

Our goal was to examine how irrational beliefs, materialism, and narcissism relate to and predict compulsive buying. One hundred and fifty-five (155) undergraduate women completed the Compulsive-Buying Scale, the Irrational Beliefs Inventory, the Material Values Scale-Short Form, and the 16-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory. As expected, irrational beliefs and materialism were correlated and predicted compulsive buying. Additionally, irrational beliefs were associated with compulsive buying only for those who scored high in narcissism. Examining the Irrational Beliefs Inventory subscales, Problem Avoidance and Rigidity were the sole subscales that predicted compulsive buying. Implications for the amelioration and treatment of compulsive buying are discussed.
Spatial Dependence of the Optical Collection Efficiency in Flow Cytometry

The sensitive flow cytometric detection of fluorescent species in liquid sample streams requires efficient collection of light from small [approximately 1 picoliter (pl)] sample volumes. This is often accomplished with high numerical aperture (NA) imaging collection optics used in combination with a spatial filter. A method to measure the spatial variation of the optical collection efficiency within the sample volume, using a submicrometer light source, is described. Measurements of the relative optical collection efficiency are presented for two optical collection systems used in our laboratory for single molecule detection. The measurement are in qualitative agreement with relative optical collection efficiency calculations using a simple geometrical optics model. Absolute measurements of the peak collection efficiencies for the two collection systems are also presented. These absolute collection efficiency measurements are in good quantitative agreement with ideal collection efficiencies calculated using measured transmissions and rated NAs of the collection optics. The utility of this information for the characterization and optimization of sensitive fluorescence detection apparatus is discussed.
Tilting Pad Journal Bearings: A Discussion on Stability Calculation, Frequency Dependence, and Pad and Pivot Flexibility

For several years, researchers have presented predictions showing that using a full tilting-pad journal bearing (TPJB) model (retaining all of the pad degrees of freedom) is necessary to accurately perform stability calculations for a shaft operating on TPJBs. This paper will discuss this issue, discuss the importance of pad and pivot flexibility in predicting impedance coefficients for the tilting-pad journal bearing, present measured changes in bearing clearance with operating temperature, and summarize the differences between measured and predicted frequency dependence of dynamic impedance coefficients.The current work presents recent test data for a 100 mm (4 in) five-pad TPJB tested in load on pad (LOP) configuration. Measured results include bearing clearance as a function of operating temperature, pad clearance and radial displacement of the loaded pad (the pad having the static load vector directed through its pivot), and frequency dependent stiffness and damping. Measured hot bearing clearances are approximately 30% smaller than measured cold bearing clearances and are inversely proportional to pad surface temperature; predicting bearing impedances with a rigid pad and pivot model using these reduced clearances results in overpredicted stiffness and damping coefficients that are several times larger than previous comparisons.The effect of employing a full bearing model versus a reduced bearing model (where only journal degrees of freedom are retained) in a stability calculation for a realistic rotor-bearing system is assessed. For the bearing tested, the bearing coefficients reduced at the frequency of the unstable eigenvalue (subsynchronously reduced) predicted a destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness coefficient at the onset of instability within 1% of the full model, while synchronously reduced coefficients for the lightly loaded bearing required 25% more destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness than the full model to cause system instability.The same stability calculation was performed using measured stiffness and damping coefficients at synchronous and subsynchronous frequencies. These predictions showed that both the synchronously measured stiffness and damping and predictions using the full bearing model were more conservative than the model using subsynchronously measured stiffness and damping, an outcome that is completely opposite from conclusions reached by comparing different prediction models. This contrasting outcome results from a predicted increase in damping with increasing excitation frequency at all speeds and loads; however, this increase in damping with increasing excitation frequency was only measured at the most heavily loaded conditions.© 2012 ASME
W. E. B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919–1963

This monumental biography--eight years in the research and writing--treats the early and middle phases of a long and intense career: a crucial fifty-year period that demonstrates how Du Bois changed forever the way Americans think about themselves.
Dermographism: A review

Urticaria is one of the more common skin conditions seen by physicians. Physical agents are an important cause of urticaria, with pressure or shearing forces being the most common. Dermographism is due to a combination of pressure and shearing forces and is present in a large number of healthy individuals. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of dermographism and its clinical variants.
Post-buckling behavior of columns with non-linear constitutive equations

Abstract The post-buckling behavior of a column made of a material with cubic constitutive equation, σ = E 1 ϵ + E 2 ϵ 3 , is unstable for a range of values of E 2 . In these cases, the imperfection sensitivity is qualitatively described using catastrophe theory. A numerical method is given to compute the post-buckling deflections.
Dependence of the Broad Absorption Line Quasar Fraction on Radio Luminosity

We find that the fraction of classical broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) among the FIRST radio sources in the Sloan Data Release 3, is -->20.5+ 7.3?5.9% at the faintest radio powers detected ( -->L1.4 GHz ~ 1032 erg s?1), and rapidly drops to 8% at -->L1.4 GHz ~ 3 ? 1033 erg s?1. Similarly, adopting the broader absorption index (AI) definition of Trump et al., we find the fraction of radio BALQSOs to be -->44+ 8.1?7.8%, reducing to -->23.1+ 7.3?6.1% at high luminosities. While the high fraction at low radio power is consistent with the recent near-IR estimates by Dai et al., the lower fraction at high radio powers is intriguing and confirms previous claims based on smaller samples. The trend is independent of the redshift range, the optical and radio flux selection limits, or the exact definition of a radio match. We also find that at fixed optical magnitude, the highest bins of radio luminosity are preferentially populated by non-BALQSOs, consistent with the overall trend. We do find, however, that those quasars identified as AI-BALQSOs but not under the classical definition do not show a significant drop in their fraction as a function of radio power, further supporting independent claims that these sources, characterized by lower equivalent width, may represent an independent class from the classical BALQSOs. We find the balnicity index, a measure of the absorption trough in BALQSOs, and the mean maximum wind velocity to be roughly constant at all radio powers. We discuss several plausible physical models which may explain the observed fast drop in the fraction of the classical BALQSOs with increasing radio power, although none is entirely satisfactory. A strictly evolutionary model for the BALQSO and radio emission phases requires a strong fine-tuning to work, while a simple geometric model, although still not capable of explaining polar BALQSOs and the paucity of FRII BALQSOs, is statistically successful in matching the data if part of the apparent radio luminosity function is due to beamed, non-BALQSOs.
Spin density at the Fermi level for magnetic surfaces and overlayers.

Results of calculations of the spin density at the Fermi energy for several illustrative examples---the clean Fe(110) surface and the O/Fe(110), Fe/Ni(111), and Ru/Ag(001) overlayer systems---using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method demonstrate that this energy-sliced spin density differs substantially from the total spin density previously given in the literature. The difference of the density of states at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ between the two spin parts is found to play the key role. Its negative sign in the surface-vacuum region for Fe(110) and its sign reversal when oxygen is added as an overlayer explain the experimental results obtained by using spin-polarized metastable atom deexcitation spectroscopy.
Flow-induced neointimal regression in baboon polytetrafluoroethylene grafts is associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis

Abstract Objective: We have previously shown that baboon grafts subjected to elevated shear stress exhibit an increase in luminal area through atrophy of the neointimal layer. This study was designed to investigate the smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth kinetics during early regression and evaluate the influence of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of this process. Methods: Sixteen baboons underwent bilateral polytetrafluorethylene aortoiliac graft placement. After development of a neointima over an 8-week period, blood flow through one graft was increased with placement of a downstream arteriovenous fistula. Grafts were harvested at 4 (n = 6), 7 (n = 5), and 14 (n = 5) days and assessed for neointimal cross-sectional area, SMC proliferation and apoptosis, and macrophage infiltration. High-flow grafts were compared with contralateral normal-flow controls. Eleven baboons underwent an identical experimental preparation to evaluate the effect of NO inhibition. Eight weeks after graft implantation, the animals were treated with an initial bolus (100 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (60 mg/kg/d) of either N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; n = 6) or the inactive stereoisomer N G -nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (n = 5). Grafts were harvested at 7 days and evaluated with the experimental endpoints detailed previously. Results: Distal fistula placement resulted in a 3.8-fold increase in mean centerline velocity and wall shear stress. Grafts harvested during the initial 14 days after flow manipulation showed a progressive reduction in neointimal cross-sectional area. This change was associated with a decrease in subendothelial SMC proliferation and an increase in neointimal SMC apoptosis, the latter being in the region adjacent to the graft. Animals treated with L-NAME showed a 20% reduction in platelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate and a 17% reduction in serum nitrate/nitrite concentrations. Despite this inhibition of NO production, no effect on the flow-dependent changes in neointimal area, cell proliferation, or apoptosis was observed in the L-NAME-treated baboons. Conclusion: The local hemodynamic environment within healing prosthetic grafts modulates neointimal SMC proliferation and apoptosis. An increase in graft flow leads to atrophy of the neointima. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:1248-55.)
Dedifferentiation of odontogenic keratocyst epithelium after cyst decompression.

Abstract Purpose: Cytokeratin-10 expression by cystic epithelium has been shown in the suprabasilar layers of odontogenic keratocyts (OKCs) but not in dentigerous cysts. Cyst decompression and irrigation result in the loss of keratinization. In this study, we used cytokeratin-10 antibody staining to evaluate changes in OKC epithelium to determine if decompression/irrigation treatment results in an epithelial modulation that may be associated with lower long-term recurrence. Methods: Fourteen OKCs were exteriorized by removal of mucosa and bone. An irrigation port was placed into the cyst for twice-daily irrigations. At 3-month intervals, panoramic radiographs were obtained and cyst-lining cells were sampled and stained for cytokeratin-10. Residual cystectomy was performed when necessary based on clinical and radiographic criteria, and the lining was evaluated by histologic and immunohistochemical examination. Results: There were 6 males and 8 females with a mean age of 32 years. Ten cysts were mandibular, and 4 were maxillary. Average duration of irrigation was 8.4 months (range, 6 to 12 months), and the mean shrinkage of the radiolucency was 65% (range, 5% to 91%). All cytologic samples obtained at 3 and 6 months contained cytokeratin-10-positive epithelial cells. At the time of cystectomy, 9 of 14 cases were cytokeratin-10 negative and no longer showed histologic features of OKCs. Specimens from the remaining 5 patients were histologically consistent with OKC and were cytokeratin-10 positive. Mean treatment time of the cytokeratin-10-positive group was 7 months, and that of the cytokeratin-10-negative group was 9 months. Conclusion: Epithelial dedifferentiation and loss of cytokeratin-10 production were observed in 64% of patients treated by cyst decompression/irrigation after a 9-month average treatment time. Longitudinal follow-up of these patients will determine whether this change is associated with lower rates of recurrence than alternative OKC therapy. © 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:678-683, 2003
Strain differences in the antibody plaque-forming cell responses of inbred mice to pneumococcal polysaccharide.

Abstract Several inbred strains of mice differed in their ability to respond to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) at both the circulating antibody and cellular levels. The PFC response to SIII was qualitatively similar for all strains of mice tested in that only direct PFC were detected. The kinetics of the response were also similar for several of the inbred strains of mice but differed for random-bred mice. The ability of certain strains of mice to respond well to SIII was dominant over low responsiveness and was not associated with the H-2 locus in contrast to the control of responsiveness exerted by this locus for several polypeptide and protein antigens.
Some problems in the measurement of organizational climate

Abstract Much research effort has recently been expended in assessing a construct known as organizational climate. Many researchers have opted to measure the construct via perceptual self-report questionnaires. The present paper, through literature review and logical argument, questions the independence of climate factors from those identified in research on work attitudes. Two work attitude measures and 90 organizational climate items were administered to 499 employees of one company. Cluster analysis of the cluster scores generated for each measure revealed substantial redundancy of climate factors with regard to work attitude factors. Assessing climate via perceptual self-report measures may result in the replication of the work attitude literature.
Distinction by the quasi-split unitary group

In earlier work, we proved that any quadratic base change automorphic cuspidal representation of GL(n) is distinguished by a unitary group. Here we prove that we can take the unitary group to be quasi-split
Highly porous electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based carbon fiber

Abstract Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) fibers were prepared by electrospinning from solutions in dimethylformamide, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and water. The PVDF fiber mats were then converted into electrospun carbon fiber paper using a low temperature chemical stabilization treatment (“dehydrofluorination”) followed by carbonization at 1000 °C. The resulting self-supporting carbon fiber paper exhibits unusually high surface area, in excess of 380 m2/g as measured by the nitrogen adsorption method, and a hierarchical pore structure. The largest pores are formed by the interstices between fibers; intermediate-sized pores arise from liquid–liquid phase separation during electrospinning to form polymer-rich and solvent-rich domains within the fibers; the smallest pores form upon decomposition of the PEO during carbonization. The electrospun carbon paper performs well as an electrode for driving the redox chemistry of ferrocene/ferrocenium. This is attributed to the high surface area of the electrode and the ease of diffusion of the redox-active species within the porous structure. The ratio of the dehydrofluorination agent (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) to vinylidene fluoride during dehydrofluorination was found to be the key to retaining the as-spun pore morphology during carbonization. The structure and morphology were further characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy.