cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of taxol production and nutrient use in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata in shake flasks and a Wilson-type bioreactor.

Abstract Suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata were grown in shake flasks and Wilson-type reactors where bubbled air provided both agitation and mixing. Taxol titers of 22 mg l −1 were achieved for both configurations in 20 days for a volumetric productivity of 1.1 mg l −1 day −1 . This productivity is many-fold higher than reported for other Taxus sp. suspension cultures. Taxol was released to the extracellular medium as it was produced with little intracellular retention (⩽10%). Taxol production occurred during the last seven days of the cultivation period and was not growth-associated. Although the same taxol titers could be obtained in both reactor types, nutrient uptake rates were faster in the Wilson-type reactor than in shake flasks. Formation of a growth ring in the Wilson-type reactor reduced measured cell mass yields.
Long-range dynamic effects of point mutations propagate through side chains in the serine protease inhibitor eglin c.

Long-range interactions are fundamental to protein behaviors such as cooperativity and allostery. In an attempt to understand the role protein flexibility plays in such interactions, the distribution of local fluctuationsin a globular protein was monitored in response to localized, nonelectrostatic perturbations. Two valine-to-alanine mutations were introduced into the small serine protease inhibitor eglin c, and the 1 5 N and 2 H NMR spin relaxation properties of these variants were analyzed in terms of the Lipari-Szabo dynamics formalism and compared to those of the wild type. Significant changes in picosecond to nanosecond dynamics were observed in side chains located as much as 13 A from the point of mutation. Additionally, those residues experiencing altered dynamics appear to form contiguous surfaces within the protein. In the case of V54A, the large-to-small mutation results in a rigidification of connected residues, even though this mutation decreases the global stability. These findings suggest that dynamic perturbations arising from single mutations may propagate away from the perturbed site through networks of interacting side chains. That this is observed in eglin c, a classically nonallosteric protein, suggests that such behavior will be observed in many, if not all, globular proteins. Differences in behavior between the two mutants suggest that dynamic responses will be context-dependent.
Retinal angiomatous proliferation or retinal anastomosis to the lesion

Much debate exists within the literature with respect to the variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) known as retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). We prefer the term retinal anastomosis to the lesion (RAL), as we believe that the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion precedes the development of an anastomosing retinal vessel to this lesion. Natural history data surrounding RAP lesions are available through analysis of the eyes with subfoveal occult CNV within the placebo arm of the Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy (VIP) trial. Although many reports ascribe a poor prognosis to RAP lesions, the data suggest that the true natural history of RAP lesion may be highly variable and similar to that of other CNV lesions. Information from clinical trials suggests that the response of RAP lesions to CNV treatments may also be similar to that of other variants of neovascular AMD.
Surgical treatment of advanced melanoma.

Indications for surgical treatment of metastatic melanoma include palliation and prolongation of life. Palliative surgery is considered for patients who have surgically resectable metastases that are either symptomatic or anticipated to cause significant symptoms before the patient dies of the disease. Surgical resection of metastases can also significantly prolong survival from stage IV melanoma, and has been documented in some cases to provide long-term disease-free survival. Considerable clinical judgment, combined with an understanding of the natural history of metastatic melanoma and knowledge of treatment alternatives,isrequiredtodeterminewhetherthepotential benefits of surgery outweigh the risks in any individual patient. The prognosis for American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV melanoma is less than 10% 1 and systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, biochemotherapy, or local radiation therapy is usually offered as treatment. Cures are uncommon and these modalities have, almost without exception, been unable to significantly prolong survival. Surgery, however, has the potential to render a patient clinically disease-free in a minimally morbid, cost-effective manner. In selected patients significant improvement in quality of life as well as prolonged survival can be expected. Morton and colleagues 2 recently reported the results of a randomized prospective trial of Canvaxin (CancerVax Corp, Carlsbad, CA), a whole cell melanoma vaccine. This study (Malignant Melanoma Active Immunotherapy Trial, Stage IV)
Material anchors for conceptual blends

Reasoning processes require stable representations of constraints. There are two principal ways to achieve stability in conceptual models. First, the conceptual models that anthropologists call cultural models achieve representational stability via a combination of intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. Second, the association of conceptual structure with material structure can stabilize conceptual representations. This is an old and pervasive cognitive strategy. Conceptual blending theory provides a useful framework for considering the joint contributions and mutual constraints of mental and material structure. Projecting material structure into a blended space can stabilize the conceptual blend. I call an input space from which material structure is projected into a blend a ‘material anchor’ for the blend. The term material anchor is meant to emphasize the stabilizing role of the material structure. In this article, I will present and discuss a number of examples of materially anchored blends, which depend to different degrees on material structure. Materially anchored blends vary on a number of complexly related dimensions, including the extent to which the blend relies on the presence of material structure in the perceptual field, the complexity of the material structure, and whether the material structure was designed to support the blend or is used opportunistically. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the basolateral amygdala, but not the nucleus accumbens core, is critical for context-response-cocaine memory reconsolidation in rats.

The reconsolidation of cocaine memories following retrieval is necessary for the sustained ability of a cocaine-paired environmental context to elicit cocaine seeking. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is an intracellular signaling molecule involved in nucleus accumbens core (NACc)-mediated reconsolidation of Pavlovian cocaine memories. Here, we used a rodent model of drug context-elicited relapse to test the hypothesis that ERK would be similarly required for the reconsolidation of context-response-cocaine memories that underlie drug context-induced reinstatement of instrumental cocaine-seeking behavior, with a focus on the NACc and on the basolateral amygdala (BLA), another important locus for the reconsolidation of cocaine memories. We show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126 (1.0 μg/0.5 μl/hemisphere), microinfused bilaterally into the BLA—but not the NACc—immediately after brief re-exposure to a previously cocaine-paired context (that is, cocaine-memory reactivation), significantly attenuated subsequent drug context-induced cocaine seeking relative to vehicle (VEH). This effect in the BLA was associated with a transient inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and it depended on memory reactivation given that U0126 administered following exposure to a novel context did not alter subsequent cocaine seeking. Furthermore, similar to U0126, baclofen+muscimol-induced (B+M; 106.8/5.7 ng/0.5 μl/hemisphere) neural inactivation of the NACc, following cocaine-memory reactivation, failed to alter subsequent cocaine seeking. These findings demonstrate that ERK activation in the BLA, but not the NACc, is required for the reconsolidation of context-response-cocaine associative memories. Together with prior research, these results suggest that contextual drug-memory reconsolidation in Pavlovian and instrumental settings involves distinct neuroanatomical mechanisms.
Nucleotide Sequence Repetition: A Rapidly Reassociating Fraction of Mouse DNA

The separated complemnentary strands of a minor component in mouse DNA reassociate with each other much more rapidly than do the complementary strands of other DNA's including those of the principal part of mouse DNA. This difference in capacity of the strands to reassociate can be used to effect a preparative separation of the minor component from the principal fraction. The rate constant for reassociation of the minor component, compared with those of viral and bacterial DNA's, indicates that the minor component consists of a short nucleotide sequence present in about one million copies.
Effective Display of Browsable Classification on the WWW and other Hypertext Media.

The problem I would like to address is the effective display of browsable classification arrays for information discovery in hypertext media such as the World-Wide Web (WWW). For the first time, we have the possibility to move beyond the traditional display of classification as a onedimensional hierarchical sequence of classes, each class consisting of one or more related concepts combined according to a consistent, or idiosyncratic, citation order of facets. In this new context, it would seem that faceted classification would be ideal. Facets can be displayed separately, giving users the option of choosing the facets that interest them (Anderson 1990). No longer would users be forced to accept the citation order of facets determined in advance by a classificationist.
Topology and affinity of T-cell receptor mediated recognition of peptide-MHC complexes

Significant progress has been made on several long-standing issues regarding T-cell receptor mediated recognition of antigen-MHC complexes. For one, early data suggest that the affinity of the T-cell receptor for the peptide-MHC complex is extremely low, with a KD of approximately 10(-4)-10(-5)M, much weaker than most antibody-antigen interactions. The fact that this affinity is lower than that of some T-cell adhesion molecules for their ligands could have important implications for immune surveillance. A second area of interest is the topology of T-cell receptor recognition; evidence of direct contact between the third complementarity determining region of the T-cell receptor and peptide determinants has been obtained. In addition, the orientation of the T-cell receptor with respect to several antigen-MHC complexes has been predicted. They suggest that whereas most or all peptides seem to bind in the same orientation in both class I and class II MHC molecules, the orientation of the T-cell receptor over the peptide-MHC complex may not be fixed.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Human Keratinocyte β-Catenin and Plakoglobin Reversibly Regulates their Binding to E-Cadherin and α-Catenin

We show that tyrosine phosphorylation, produced by incubation of normal human keratinocytes with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor peroxovanadate, directly and reversibly regulates the association of β-catenin and plakoglobin with E-cadherin and α-catenin. Prior studies have demonstrated a correlative, but not causal, association between increased tyrosine phosphorylation and decreased adherens junction mediated cell-cell adhesion. We observed that (i) binding of tyrosine phosphorylated β-catenin and plakoglobin to E-cadherin and to α-catenin was substantially reduced, but could be restored in vitro by removal of phosphate from β-catenin and plakoglobin with added tyrosine phosphatase, and (ii) tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin and plakoglobin was associated with decreased cell-cell adhesion. These findings support a direct and causal role for tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin and plakoglobin in regulating adherens junction mediated cell-cell adhesion. We propose that tyrosine phosphorylation of specific and probably different residues is responsible for regulating the binding of β-catenin or plakoglobin to (i) E-cadherin and (ii) α-catenin. Additionally, because β-catenin and plakoglobin have both structural and regulatory functions, the data raise the possibility that β-catenin or plakoglobin released from the adherens junctions by tyrosine phosphorylation may transduce a signal to the nucleus regarding the adhesive state of the cell.
TH-C-WAB-11: MRI-Based Treatment Planning with Pseudo CT Generated Through Atlas Registration

Purpose: To develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based treatment planning method without the need of acquiring patient‐specific computed tomography (CT) dataset. Methods: A pseudo CT, providing electron density information for dose calculation, was generated by deforming atlas CT images of other patients. Two approaches, arithmetic averaging and Gaussian process regression (Hofmann 2008), were used to combine the deformed images into a single dataset. The required deformation was derived from registering corresponding atlas MR images to those of the subject of interest. We tested this method on 7 patients aged 8–12 years with common pediatric brain tumors. We used a leave‐one‐out procedure, i.e., the 6 pairs of MR/CT images other than those of each patient of interest served as atlas images. The original patient‐specific CT was replaced with the pseudo CT and the dose distribution was recalculated to quantify the difference. We used Chi‐evaluation (Bakai 2003) for dose distribution comparison. Doses to the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were compared. Results: The pseudo CT generated by arithmetic averaging showed a high similarity to the patient‐specific CT (correlation coefficient, 0.75–0.85). The calculated dose distribution was in close agreement with original dose. Nearly the entire patient volume (98.4 – 99.8%) satisfied the criteria of Chi‐evaluation (<3mm and 3% maximum dose). Dose indices of V95 and D95 in PTV differed by up to 2.2%. The average differences in maximum and mean doses to OARs ranged from 0.3% to 1.0%. The pseudo CT by Gaussian process showed similar performances for the images included in this study (P=0.27, Chi‐evaluation) despite longer computation time. Conclusion: MR‐based treatment planning with pseudo CT generated through atlas registration is feasible for pediatric brain tumor patients. The doses calculated from pseudo CT agreed well with those from patient‐specific CT.
A Framework for Secure Cloud-Empowered Mobile Biometrics

In this work, we describe how computationally intensive biometric recognition can be performed on a mobile device by offloading the actual recognition process to the cloud. We focus on facial recognition, though the paradigm can be applied to other modalities. We discuss a systematic approach for dividing a recognition operation and a bulk enrollment operation into multiple tasks, which can be executed in parallel on a set of servers in the cloud, and show how the results from each task can be combined and post-processed for individual recognition or template database generation. In the context of biometrics, preserving the privacy and security of biometric data is also of paramount interest. Therefore, we further explore the role of cancelable template generation for providing privacy protection when biometric data is stored in a cloud environment.
Population estimation with performance guarantees

We estimate the population size by sampling uniformly from the population. Given an accuracy to which we need to estimate the population with a pre-specified confidence, we provide a simple stopping rule for the sampling process.
Nucleophilic addition to coordinated polyenes: a novel method for the liberation of the trimethylenemethane ligand involving CC bond formation

Abstract Reaction of (trimethylenemethane)Fe(CO) 3 with carbon nucleophiles, followed by protonation yields the corresponding methallylated nucleophile in good yield. Products which incorporate carbonyl ligands are also observed.
Retrograde amnesic effects of unilateral spreading depression.

Abstract Rats were trained with neither hemisphere depressed, were depressed in one hemisphere 3, 15, or 180 min after training and were tested with neither hemisphere depressed. Retention was impaired with the 3-min but not the 15 or 180-min interval. Other rats were trained with neither hemisphere depressed, were depressed in one hemisphere 3 min after training and were depressed in either the same or opposite hemisphere during testing. Impairment increased relative to retention tested under normal cortical conditions and was greater with depression in the opposite than in the same hemisphere. The data were taken to indicate that depression of a single hemisphere after training interfered with memory storage and depression during testing interfered with memory storage and stimulus control.
A Regulatory Code for Neuron-Specific Odor Receptor Expression

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) must select—from a large repertoire—which odor receptors to express. In Drosophila, most ORNs express one of 60 Or genes, and most Or genes are expressed in a single ORN class in a process that produces a stereotyped receptor-to-neuron map. The construction of this map poses a problem of receptor gene regulation that is remarkable in its dimension and about which little is known. By using a phylogenetic approach and the genome sequences of 12 Drosophila species, we systematically identified regulatory elements that are evolutionarily conserved and specific for individual Or genes of the maxillary palp. Genetic analysis of these elements supports a model in which each receptor gene contains a zip code, consisting of elements that act positively to promote expression in a subset of ORN classes, and elements that restrict expression to a single ORN class. We identified a transcription factor, Scalloped, that mediates repression. Some elements are used in other chemosensory organs, and some are conserved upstream of axon-guidance genes. Surprisingly, the odor response spectra and organization of maxillary palp ORNs have been extremely well-conserved for tens of millions of years, even though the amino acid sequences of the receptors are not highly conserved. These results, taken together, define the logic by which individual ORNs in the maxillary palp select which odor receptors to express.
Assessing Corrosion of UNS S30403 Stainless Steel for Applications in Nuclear Waste Reprocessing Systems

To investigate the corrosion of centrifugal contactors in the spent nuclear fuel treatment process called UREX+, corrosion of UNS S30403 stainless steel has been studied in three acidic aqueous solutions of 5.0 M nitric acid (HNO3), 5.0 M HNO3 + 0.1 M hydrofluroric acid (HF), and 5.0 M HNO 3 + 0.1 M HF + 0.1 M Zr 4+ . Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were conducted at temper - atures of 25, 40, and 80°C and different hydrodynamic condi- tions (0, 1,000, 2,000 rpm). The results showed that the mixture of HNO3 and HF was the most corrosive environment. Addition of Zr 4+ ions to this acidic solution reduced the corro- sion caused by HF to levels similar to those found in HNO 3 solutions. Higher corrosion rates were obtained as the solu- tion's temperature increased while hydrodynamic conditions had a less significant effect on corrosion rates.
Effect of Renal Nerve Stimulation on Renal Blood Flow Autoregulation and Antinatriuresis During Reductions in Renal Perfusion Pressure

Renal nerve stimulation increases renal vascular resistance and decreases glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium excretion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether neurally mediated changes in renal vascular resistance, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary sodium excretion at control renal perfusion pressure modified the autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and the antinatriuresis observed during reductions in renal perfusion pressure in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary sodium excretion were determined during stepwise reductions in renal perfusion pressure from 137 to 55 mm Hg (suprarenal aortic constriction) before and during electrical stimulation of the renal nerve at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 Hz. In the absence of renal nerve stimulation, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remained constant until renal perfusion pressure was reduced to 70 and 85 mm Hg, respectively. Urinary sodium excretion decreased linearly as renal perfusion pressure decreased. Renal nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 Hz increased renal vascular resistance and decreased glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium excretion. These frequencies of renal nerve stimulation, however, did not alter the decreases in renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration rate or the antinatriuretic response to stepwise reductions in renal perfusion pressure to 55 mm Hg. These data demonstrate that increased renal vascular resistance at either the afferent or efferent arteriole does not change the responses of these vessels to reductions in renal perfusion pressure. Renal nerve stimulation at frequencies which decrease urinary sodium excretion at control renal perfusion pressure also does not enhance the antinatriuretic response to reductions in renal perfusion pressure.
Glaucoma Medications and Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study

PURPOSE: Thisstudypresentsaretrospective,cohortanalysistoestimatethe4-yearrateofall-causeriskadjustedmortalityforveteranswhoweredispensedglaucomamedications.Themainoutcomemeasureswas hazard of death according to glaucoma medication exposure. METHODS: Beneficiaries 40 years and older enrolled in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) with International Disease Classification diagnoses of glaucoma. VHA clinical and pharmacy data sets were linked with a national VHA mortality registry. Patients were identified with a primary diagnosis of glaucoma were then put into one of two groups, glaucoma medication exposure or nonexposure medication group. Four-year survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard method was adjusted for comorbidities using pertinent demographic characteristics and hierarchical condition categories from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. RESULTS: Of 214,971 beneficiaries with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma, 25,148 (11.7%) died during the study period. Compared to unexposed patients with glaucoma, the use of any class of glaucoma medicationwas associated with a statistically significant 7% reduced hazard ofdeath (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.90‐0.95). Reduced risk of death was found for multiple topical medication use, but not individual glaucoma agents. CONCLUSIONS: Theseeminglyinexplicableprotectiveeffectofglaucomaagentsonall-causemortality may best be explained by unmeasured confounding variables involved in the clinical decision of whether or not to treat patients with limited life expectancy for glaucoma. Ann Epidemiol 2010;20:917–923. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Characteristics of the Formation and Membrane Transport of 7-Hydroxymethotrexate in Freshly Isolated Rabbit Hepatocytes

Abstract The cellular pharmacology of methotrexate was evaluated in freshly isolated rabbit hepatocytes in suspension with an analysis of drug metabolism by high-performance liquid chromatography. After exposure of hepatocytes at a cytocrit of 5% to 5 µm [ 3 H]methotrexate, intracellular 7-hydroxymethotrexate appears rapidly within the cell; within 15 sec, the level of 7-hydroxymethotrexate exceeds the level of intracellular methotrexate, although the latter has not achieved the dihydrofolate reductase binding capacity. Within 20 min, virtually all methotrexate is hydroxylated. There is minimal formation of methotrexate polyglutamyl derivatives even after exposure of cells to very high levels of methotrexate, and 7-hydroxymethotrexate polyglutamates do not accumulate in the cell at all after incubation with [ 3 H]-7-hydroxymethotrexate. Because of the rapidity of the hydroxylation of methotrexate, transport of this agent could not be characterized. However, some aspects of the transport properties of 7-hydroxymethotrexate could be studied since the catabolite is neither bound nor metabolized in this system. Net 7-hydroxymethotrexate transport was reduced by the addition of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. As observed for 4-aminoantifolate transport in other cell systems, net 7-hydroxymethotrexate transport was markedly stimulated by sodium azide, an inhibitor of energy metabolism. The data suggest that hydroxylation of methotrexate proceeds at a rate at least comparable to the rate of association of the drug with dihydrofolate reductase and that transport of methotrexate into rabbit hepatocytes is slow relative to the rate of catabolism to the 7-hydroxy derivative. Rabbit hepatocytes may be a useful model for exploring methotrexate catabolism at the cellular level and may provide insights into the interaction between methotrexate and/or other 4-aminoantifolates and the human liver.
Computation of Second-Order Accurate Unsteady Aerodynamic Generalized Forces

A classical variational statement is used to derive special properties of a weighted residual method. It is shown that some weighted integral of the sought solution can be obtained to second-order accuracy in the solution to the original and adjoint problems. For aerodynamic problems, it is assumed that the reverse-flow problem is adjoint to the original problem. Examples on airfoils and wings demonstrate the fast convergence of generalized aerodynamic forces. The singular behavior of aerodynamic problems is shown to be the factor that makes the application of these techniques so attractive in aerodynamics.
Correlation of tensile and flexural responses of strain softening and strain hardening cement composites

Abstract Closed form equations for generating moment–curvature response of a rectangular beam of fiber reinforced concrete are presented. These equations can be used in conjunction with crack localization rules to predict flexural response of a beam under four point bending test. Parametric studies simulated the behavior of two classes of fiber reinforced concrete: strain softening and strain hardening materials. The simulation revealed that the direct use of uniaxial tension and compression responses under-predicted the flexural response for strain softening material while a good prediction for strain hardening material was obtained. The importance of strain softening range on the flexural response is discussed using non-dimensional post-peak parameters. Results imply that the brittleness and size effect are more pronounced in the flexural response of brittle materials, while more accurate predictions are obtained with ductile materials. It is also demonstrated that correlations of tensile and flexural results can be established using normalized uniaxial tension and compression models with a single scaling factor.
Using vehicle-to-grid technology for frequency regulation and peak-load reduction

Abstract This paper explores the potential financial return for using plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as a grid resource. While there is little financial incentive for individuals when the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service is used exclusively for peak reduction, there is a significant potential for financial return when the V2G service is used for frequency regulation. We propose that these two uses for V2G technology are not mutually exclusive, and that there could exist a “dual-use” program that utilizes V2G for multiple uses simultaneously. In our proposition, V2G could be used for regulation on a daily basis to ensure profits, and be used for peak reduction on days with high electricity demand and poor ambient air quality in order to reap the greatest environmental benefits. The profits for the individual in this type of dual-use program are close to or even higher than the profits experienced in either of the single-use programs. More importantly, we argue that the external benefits of this type of program are much greater as well. At higher V2G participation rates, our analysis shows that the market for regulation capacity could become saturated by V2G-based regulation providers. At the same time, there is plenty of potential for widespread use of V2G technology, especially if the demand for regulation, reserves, and storage grows as more intermittent renewable resources are being incorporated into the power systems.
Alignment method to eliminate power line interference effect on signal averaging

Signal averaging has been used to enhance signals with random noise. This technique relies on determining the fiducial points accurately. Power line noise affects fiducial point calculations significantly. The authors have developed an alignment method using cross correlation, template preselection, and signal processing that virtually eliminates fiducial point errors due to power line noise. Simulation studies are presented to illustrate the results. They used real electrocardiographic signals contaminated with 60 Hz and Gaussian noise. >
Structure and Function of Kv4-Family Transient Potassium Channels

Shal-type (Kv4.x) K+ channels are expressed in a variety of tissue, with particularly high levels in the brain and heart. These channels are the primary subunits that contribute to transient, volta...
Early results on the use of biomaterials as adjuvant to abdominal wall closure following cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Background Hyperthermic chemotherapy applies thermal energy to both abdominal wall as well as the intra-abdominal viscera. The combination of the hyperthemia, chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is associated with a defined risk of abdominal wall and intestinal morbidity reported to be as high as 15%, respectively to date, no studies have evaluated the use of biomaterial mesh as adjuvant to abdominal wall closure in this group of patients. In the present report, we hypothesized that post HIPEC closure with a biomaterial can reduce abdominal wall morbidity after CRS and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Predicting Force-Exertion Postures from Task Variables

Accurate representation of working postures is critical for ergonomic assessments with digital human models because posture has a dominant effect on analysis outcomes. Most current digital human modeling tools require manual manipulation of the digital human to simulate force-exertion postures or rely on optimization procedures that have not been validated. Automated posture prediction based on human data would improve the accuracy and repeatability of analyses. The effects of hand force location, magnitude, and direction on whole-body posture for standing tasks were quantified in a motion-capture study of 20 men and women with widely varying body size. A statistical analysis demonstrated that postural variables critical for the assessment of body loads can be predicted from the characteristics of the worker and task.
A fundamental theorem on the maximum frequency of coherent oscillations by Robert S. Elliott

Summary form only given. Elliott (J. Appl. Phys. 23, 812-18, 1952) enunciated an important theorem on the maximum frequency limit for electron beam oscillators. The theorem is based on several physical laws. The first law states that the average power supplied by an electron beam to the field must be equal to the total average power lost by the resonant structure, including the useful output power and the ohmic loss. The second law states that the product of the frequency of oscillation and the average stored energy of the device must be greater than the average output power. The third law invokes the quantum theory of radiation. It implies that the minimum stored energy should be at least equal to the average noise energy level. With these laws at his disposal, Elliott was able to formulate his theorem. The author reviews Elliott's paper, showing the key formulation, and the proof of the theorem and its application to the design of klystrons and magnetrons. The author points out the inherent limitations of these devices in generating coherent oscillations in the optical spectra. >
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces oxidative stress and inhibits growth of mouse ovarian antral follicles

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the active metabolite of the most commonly used plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and is considered to be a reproductive toxicant. However, little is known about the effects of MEHP on ovarian antral follicles. Thus, the present study tested the hypothesis that MEHP inhibits follicle growth via oxidative stress pathways. The data indicate that MEHP increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibits follicle growth in antral follicles, whereas N-acetylcysteine (NAC; an antioxidant) restores ROS levels to control levels and rescues follicles from MEHP-induced inhibition of follicle growth. To further analyze the mechanism by which MEHP induces oxidative stress and inhibits follicle growth, the expression and activities of various key antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase [SOD1], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], and catalase [CAT]) and the expression of key cell-cycle regulators (Ccnd2, Ccne1, and Cdk4) and apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2 and Bax) were compared in control and MEHP-treated follicles. The data indicate that MEHP inhibits the expression and activities of SOD1 and GPX; does not inhibit Cat expression; inhibits the expression of Ccnd2, Ccne1, Cdk4, and Bcl-2; but increases the expression of Bax compared to controls. Furthermore, NAC blocks these toxic effects of MEHP. Collectively, these data suggest that MEHP induces oxidative stress by disrupting the activities of antioxidant enzymes. This may lead to decreased expression of cell-cycle regulators and antiapoptotic regulators and increased expression of proapoptotic factors, which then may lead to inhibition of follicle growth.
In Vitro Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Metronidazole

Abstract Susceptibility of 64 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to metronidazole was determined by the agar dilution technique using Mueller-Hinton and chocolate agar media. All isolates were resistant to metronidazole at 12.5 μg/ml in either medium. This lack of activity of metronidazole against N. gonorrhoeae would suggest that the ability to recover N. gonorrhoeae in patients being treated with metronidazole for concurrent Trichomonas vaginalis infections should not be hampered.
Acute Stroke Imaging: Recent Updates

Acute ischemic stroke imaging is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and yields essential information regarding tissue integrity, a factor that remains a key therapeutic determinant. Given the widespread public health implications of stroke and central role of neuroimaging in overall management, acute stroke imaging remains a heavily debated, extensively researched, and rapidly evolving subject. There has been recent debate in the scientific community due to divided opinions on the use of CT perfusion and access-related limitations of MRI. In this paper we review and summarize recent updates relevant to acute stroke imaging and propose an imaging paradigm based on the recently available evidence.
EVIDENCE OF RIGHT-LEFT DISCRIMINATION IN PLANARIANS.

(1964). Evidence of Right-Left Discrimination in Planarians. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 131-139.
g-Miner: Interactive Visual Group Mining on Multivariate Graphs

With the rapid growth of rich network data available through various sources such as social media and digital archives,there is a growing interest in more powerful network visual analysis tools and methods. The rich information about the network nodes and links can be represented as multivariate graphs, in which the nodes are accompanied with attributes to represent the properties of individual nodes. An important task often encountered in multivariate network analysis is to uncover link structure with groups, e.g., to understand why a person fits a specific job or certain role in a social group well.The task usually involves complex considerations including specific requirement of node attributes and link structure, and hence a fully automatic solution is typically not satisfactory.In this work, we identify the design challenges for min-ing groups with complex criteria and present an interactive system, "g-Miner," that enables visual mining of groups on multivariate graph data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through case study and in-depth expert inter-views. This work contributes to understanding the design of systems for leveraging users' knowledge progressively with algorithmic capacity for tackling massive heterogeneous information.
Adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to anionic sites on the surface of renal epithelial cells

Adhesion of microcrystals to the apical surface of renal tubular cells could be a critical step in the formation of kidney stones. The role of membrane surface charge as a determinant of the interaction between renal epithelial cells (BSC-1 line) and the most common crystal in kidney stones, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), was studied in a tissue culture model system. Adhesion of COM crystals to cells was blocked by cationized ferritin. Other cations that bind to cells including cetylpyridinium chloride and polylysine, as well as cationic dyes such as Alcian blue, also inhibited adhesion of COM crystals, but not all polycations shared this effect. Specific lectins including Triticum vulgaris (wheat germ agglutinin) blocked crystal binding to the cells. Furthermore, treatment of cells with neuraminidase inhibited binding of crystals. Therefore, anionic cell surface sialic acid residues appear to function as COM crystal receptors that can be blocked by specific cations or lectins. In vivo, alterations in the structure, function, quantity, or availability of these anionic cell surface molecules could lead to crystal retention and formation of renal calculi.
Translocation of the abductor pollicis longus tendon. A treatment for chronic subluxation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint.

A new method of treatment for recurrent dorsal dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint by means of a simple volar translocation of the abductor pollicis longus tendon is described, with a satisfactory long-term result.
Husserl and Levinas: Transformations of the Epoche

Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology offered the possibility of once again doing philosophy at a time when funereal signs were forecasting the immanent demise of the philosophical enterprise. Itself a new beginning, Husserl’s phenomenology argued that philosophy is a beginning anew, a taking up of the task of thinking and being in an original way. Many would respond to Husserl’s call. And among them would be Emmanual Levinas, who perhaps spoke for many of Husserl’s students when he said that “it was with Husserl that I discovered the concrete meaning of the very possibility of ‘working in philosophy’…”1 How was it that Husserl’s philosophy offered such a possibility?
Nephrology nurses' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to using research in practice.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine nephrology nurses' perceptions of barriers to research utilization and to identify effective ways to facilitate integration of research findings in nephrology nurses' practice. DESIGN This was an explorative, descriptive study. SAMPLE/SETTING Four hundred ninety-eight nephrology nurses participated in the study. The primary areas of clinical practice were hemodialysis (36%), peritoneal dialysis (29%), transplantation (15%), pediatric nephrology (3%), or various combinations (18%). METHODS Participants completed a demographic data form and the previously validated instrument, Barriers and Facilitators to Using Research in Practice. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The majority of respondents (52%) were staff nurses. The other respondents included 30% in management, 12% in advanced practice roles, and 6% in education. The barriers to research utilization most frequently identified were insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas and not enough time to read research. The most effective facilitators identified were increased administrative support and encouragement, increased time available for reviewing and implementing research findings, and improved understandability of research reports. CONCLUSIONS Additional nursing and nonnursing administrative support for research activities and designated time to read research and implement research-based clinical practices may facilitate the development of research-based nephrology nursing practice.
The Treatment of Goodwill and Other Purchased Intangibles for Tax Purposes

This technical note outlines the effect of Section 197 of the Internal Revenue Code on goodwill and other intangibles purchased in an acquisition. It compares the treatment of goodwill and other purchased intangibles for tax and financial accounting purposes. The note also briefly discusses the allocation of the purchase price in different taxable asset deal structures, the residual method, contingent payments and recapture taxes. These tax laws affect current and future cash flows to the acquirer and target shareholders and as a result can affect the price and optimal structure of a deal.
National Utility Rate Database: Preprint

When modeling solar energy technologies and other distributed energy systems, using high-quality expansive electricity rates is essential. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed a utility rate platform for entering, storing, updating, and accessing a large collection of utility rates from around the United States. This utility rate platform lives on the Open Energy Information (OpenEI) website, OpenEI.org, allowing the data to be programmatically accessed from a web browser, using an application programming interface (API). The semantic-based utility rate platform currently has record of 1,885 utility rates and covers over 85% of the electricity consumption in the United States.
Analyzing service-learning reflections through Fink's taxonomy

ABSTRACTReflection is an increasingly essential component of experience-based learning in higher education to encourage students to draw connections between theoretical and practical knowledge and experiences. This qualitative study examines the reflections of undergraduate students in a service-learning course for secondary English teacher candidates. The authors use Fink's taxonomy of significant learning as a lens through which to examine the learning within and critical natures of students’ reflections. Findings from this study suggest that to consider and extend students’ academic content knowledge and to move students toward new and critical understandings of their service work, reflections should direct students toward more explicit considerations of academic course content over a period of time. To help students write critical reflections that achieve both academic and personal growth learning goals, the authors recommend explicitly teaching the reflective mode, introducing students to Fink's taxo...
The Predictive Aspects of a Joint-Space Theory of Stochastic Choice

An empirical study of the relationship between brand choice behavior and the distances between ideal points and brands displayed in joint-space configurations revealed five operative models of choi...
Some Appreciative Remarks on the Theory of Numbers

(1912). Some Appreciative Remarks on the Theory of Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 19, No. 6-7, pp. 113-115.
RESEARCH ON THE DISINFECTION EFFECT OF GUANIDINE DISINFECTANT TO LEGIONELLA

Objective To study disinfection effect of a guanidine disinfectant on Legionella pneumophila( type III),so as to provide the scientific basis for the practical disinfectant applications. Methods Suspension quantitative germicidal test was used to study disinfection effect of guanidine disinfectant. Results The solution of guanidine disinfectant is colorless and transparent,and the content of poly [2-( 2- ethoxy)- ethoxy ethyl ester] guanidine was 4 500 ~ 5 500 mg / L. The average killing logarithm values of Legionella pneumophila( type III) exposed to the guanidine disinfectant solution of 2000 mg / L for 20 min was 3. 85. The average killing logarithm values of Legionella pneumophila( type III) exposed to the guanidine disinfectant solution of 3 000 mg / L and 4 000 mg / L for 20 min and 15 min were all above 5. 00. In a closed 20 m3 aerosol chamber,Staphylococcus albus artificially contaninated in air was exposed to aerosol spraying of 8 ml / m3 of the disinfectant for 30 min,and the killing rate was 99. 90%. The control group of the natural rate of Staphylococcus albus in air was below 67. 38%. Conclusion The solution of guanidine disinfectant has good killing effect to Legionella pneumophila,and the disinfection related performance should be carried out to study.
Determinants of Replacement of Biofuels for Fossil Fuels: Research Based on Views from Energy, Food and Environment by Using a Cross-Country Panel Dataset

Based on a panel dataset from 2000 to 2010, this paper utilizes a random-effect tobit model to analyze global determinants of replacement of biofuels for fossil fuels. Empirical results show that dependency of biofuels on arable land is large; yields of agricultural products and carbon emission have significant impacts on biofuels consumption, which are mediated by national income per capita; national income per capita has significant impact on biofuels consumption, which includes impacts of both yields and carbon emission.
A Study on User Satisfaction with CJK Romanization in the OCLC WorldCat System

The purpose of this study is to investigate how individuals assess Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) transliterated bibliographic information on current library catalogs. Two separate studies, a survey and an experiment, were conducted using the WorldCat system. Users noted that Romanization has many issues which can inhibit user's ability to understand the transliterated bibliographic information even when it is in the person's own native language and even when the individual had extensive experience with transliteration systems. The experimental results also supported these findings: participants had better results and satisfaction when looking for information written in English than when searching for transliterated information written in their native language. Implications for future research suggests a need to investigate user preferences for translation vs. transliteration of bibliographic information. This study proposes consideration of using English translation as a parallel link with CJK Romanization for bibliographic information.
One child, two homes, two cultures.

At the University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Medical Center, Integrative Clinicopathological Conferences are held regularly to explore various dimensions—economic, psychosocial, ethical, preventive, and medical—of health care. They are organized by Dr. Engelberg, Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, who moderated this conference. The conference format included a dialogue between Drs. Cottrill and Engelberg, followed by comments and questions from the audience.