cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constructing maximum-lifetime data gathering forests in sensor networks

Energy efficiency is critical for wireless sensor networks. The data-gathering process must be carefully designed to conserve energy and extend network lifetime. For applications where each sensor continuously monitors the environment and periodically reports to a base station, a tree-based topology is often used to collect data from sensor nodes. In this work, we first study the construction of a data-gathering tree when there is a single base station in the network. The objective is to maximize the network lifetime, which is defined as the time until the first node depletes its energy. The problem is shown to be NP-complete. We design an algorithm that starts from an arbitrary tree and iteratively reduces the load on bottleneck nodes (nodes likely to soon deplete their energy due to high degree or low remaining energy). We then extend our work to the case when there are multiple base stations and study the construction of a maximum-lifetime data-gathering forest. We show that both the tree and forest construction algorithms terminate in polynomial time and are provably near optimal. We then verify the efficacy of our algorithms via numerical comparisons.
Aligning lithography on opposite surfaces of a substrate

Equipment has been developed for aligning lithographic features between opposite surfaces of substrates to within 1 μm. It will work with opaque substrates and allows registration to existing features on the other surface.
Dietary soy may not confound acute experimental stroke infarct volume outcomes in ovariectomized female rats

Oestrogen administration can alter experimental stroke outcomes. Soy as a source of phytoestrogens may therefore modulate responses in 'oestrogen-sensitive' stroke models, thus potentially confounding results. We evaluated the effects of dietary soy on acute infarct volumes in a pilot study using a rat focal stroke model. We hypothesized that ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a soy-rich diet would have smaller acute infarct volumes than rats fed a soy-free diet. OVX rats were randomly assigned to a soy-free (n = 6) or a soy-rich (n = 6) diet for four weeks and weighed weekly. Following the dietary trial, rats underwent 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mean arterial blood pressure, rectal and temporalis muscle temperatures, arterial blood gases and blood glucose were recorded peri-ischaemia. Rats were euthanized 22 h following 2 h of MCAO. Brains were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride for acute infarct volume analysis. Uterine weight and histology were also evaluated as additional internal oestrogen-sensitive controls. Rats on the soy-free diet had greater gains in body weight (259 +/- 6% baseline body weight) than rats on the soy-rich diet (238 +/- 4% baseline body weight). No differences were seen in uterine weight and histology, peri-ischaemic physiological parameters and infarct volumes between the treatment groups. The results of this pilot study suggest that the dietary soy level tested may not alter acute infarct volumes in ischaemic female rat brain. More studies addressing the potential confounding effects of dietary soy in 'oestrogen-sensitive' stroke models are needed if investigators are to make informed choices regarding diets used in experimental stroke research.
Will History Repeat Itself? Lessons for the Yuan

For many observers, internationalization is the yuan’s manifest destiny and a by-product of the remarkable economic success of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). But is such confidence warranted? Recent history has seen the emergence of other currencies that were also expected, at least for a while, to attain wide, growing cross-border use. These included the deutsche mark (DM), the Japanese yen, and the euro (successor to the DM). Yet in the end, their internationalization reached an upper limit, short of expectations. Will history repeat itself? Or will the yuan prove exceptional, as the currency that finally managed to keep ascending where others faltered? The aim of this paper is to see what lessons may be drawn from these earlier experiences for the anticipated internationalization of the yuan.
Simultaneous high crystallinity and sub-bandgap optical absorptance in hyperdoped black silicon using nanosecond laser annealing

Hyperdoped black silicon fabricated with femtosecond laser irradiation has attracted interest for applications in infrared photodetectors and intermediate band photovoltaics due to its sub-bandgap optical absorptance and light-trapping surface. However, hyperdoped black silicon typically has an amorphous and polyphasic polycrystalline surface that can interfere with carrier transport, electrical rectification, and intermediate band formation. Past studies have used thermal annealing to obtain high crystallinity in hyperdoped black silicon, but thermal annealing causes a deactivation of the sub-bandgap optical absorptance. In this study, nanosecond laser annealing is used to obtain high crystallinity and remove pressure-induced phases in hyperdoped black silicon while maintaining high sub-bandgap optical absorptance and a light-trapping surface morphology. Furthermore, it is shown that nanosecond laser annealing reactivates the sub-bandgap optical absorptance of hyperdoped black silicon after deactivation by thermal annealing. Thermal annealing and nanosecond laser annealing can be combined in sequence to fabricate hyperdoped black silicon that simultaneously shows high crystallinity, high above-bandgap and sub-bandgap absorptance, and a rectifying electrical homojunction. Such nanosecond laser annealing could potentially be applied to non-equilibrium material systems beyond hyperdoped black silicon.
Cuckoo filter-based location-privacy preservation in database-driven cognitive radio networks

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) enable opportunistic access to the licensed channels by allowing secondary users (SUs) to exploit vacant channel opportunities. One effective technique through which SU s acquire whether a channel is vacant is using geo-location databases. Despite their usefulness, geo-location database-driven CRN s suffer from location privacy threats, merely because SUs have to query the database with their exact locations in order to learn about spectrum availability. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme for database-driven CRN s that preserves the location privacy of SU s while allowing them to learn about available channels in their vicinity. We present a tradeoff between offering an ideal location privacy while having a high communication overhead and compromising some of the users' coordinates at the benefit of incurring much lower overhead. We also study the effectiveness of the proposed scheme under various system parameters.
Reply to "Letter to the editor: Applying the blood flow restriction pressure: the elephant in the room".

reply: In their letter, Jessee et al. ([6][1]) address an important methodological concern germane to blood blow restriction (BFR) training raised in our recent review ([10][2]), namely, the standardization of BFR cuff pressure. Jessee et al. acknowledge that a generalized cuff pressure could
A New Approach to Educational Offerings at ASM International

ASM International has long been known as an educational resource for materials engineers and scientists. The society offers a wide range of courses for working professionals, in a variety of formats, including self-study and DVD courses, customized on-site training, online only courses, and traditional instructor-led classroom courses. The classrooms and laboratory courses held at ASM headquarters in Cleveland, OH, are the most popular and make use of ASM’s extensive collection of laboratory equipment and software. Topics for these courses span a wide range; examples include Aluminum and Its Alloys, Practical Fractography, Reverse Engineering, Principles of Failure Analysis, and Vacuum Heat Treating. Both authors have each recently served as instructors for a new blending learning model of courses being offered by ASM International. In this model, a portion of the content is addressed online and the balance is taught on-site at ASM headquarters. There are several motivations for adopting this course model; principle among them is the fact that many students find it difficult to be away from work for the four-day period that a traditional on-site course requires. We all are dealing with smaller budgets and staff reductions, requiring us to do more with less. This new reality means that it is more challenging than ever to be out of the office for an entire week. Reducing the on-site days for an ASM course to two or three days allows for a reduction in both time away from work and travel expenses.
Abstract 3071: Automated CT Perfusion Processing For the Evaluation of Transient Ischemic Attack

Introduction: The diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) can be difficult. We evaluated the yield of automated CT perfusion (CTP) in addition to non contrast head CT and CT angiography for the detection of acute ischemic lesions among TIA patients and compare it with multimodal MRI [diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI)] results. Methods: Consecutive patients with a final diagnosis of transient neurological symptoms secondary to ischemia who underwent acute CT, CTP and CTA were enrolled. A subset of the patients underwent multimodal MRI. Presence of symptomatic stenosis was assessed on CTA by the treating team at the time of patient evaluation. The presence and location of acute ischemic lesions was assessed on: CT, CTP, DWI, and PWI. The rater was blinded to the clinical presentation. The presence of a MR or CT perfusion lesion was assessed using TMax. TMax maps for both CT and MR were automatically generated by RApid processing of PerfusIon and Diffusion (RAPID) software. Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled: median age was 66 years old (IQR 58-82); median ABCD2 score was 4 (IQR 3-5); median delay from symptom onset to CTP was 4.6 hours (IQR 2-9.6). MRI was performed in 23 (70%) patients after a median delay of 20.4 hours (IQR 8.3-30.6) after symptom onset and 5.5 hours (IQR 3.4-20.8) after CTP. No patient experienced recurrence between CTP and MRI. Non-contrast head CT did not demonstrate any acute ischemic lesions. CTA found 3 symptomatic vessel lesions. CTP revealed a focal ischemic lesion in 11 patients (33%). The lesion location concurred with the presumed symptom side in all but one patient, and with the 3 symptomatic vessel lesions found on CTA. DWI was performed in 23 patients, and was positive in 7 (30%). Three of these patients had a negative early CTP. CTP was positive in 3 patients with subsequent normal DWI. MR perfusion was performed in 17 patients and found an acute ischemic lesion in 8 (47%) of them. Four of these MR PWI positive patients also had a positive CTP. In 3 patients with a negative MR PWI, CTP detected an acute ischemic lesion. At least 1 of the 3 modalities (CTP, DWI, PWI) was positive among 10/17 (59%) of patients. Conclusion: The results of this exploratory study suggest that automatically processed CTP increases the yield of head CT and CTA for the evaluation of TIA patients. In some cases CTP found evidence of transient focal ischemia that was not detected by MRI, in others CTP was negative and DWI or PWI was positive. These findings suggest that CTP and MRI may be complementary techniques to confirm the ischemic nature of transient neurological symptoms.
A Survey of Exterior Asymptotics for Orthogonal Polynomials Associated with a Finite Interval and a Study of the Case of the General Weight Measures

In this article in Section 2, I will survey some classical results and recent progress in the study of the asymptotic behavior of orthogonal polynomials associated with a finite interval. In Section 3, I will discuss in greater detail, but without proofs, the portion of the subject known as Nth root asymptotics.
Accounting for heterogeneity in behavioural responses to health-risk information treatments

ABSTRACTTraditional revealed and stated preference models consider a typical individual's behavioural responses to various policy-based information treatments. For some cost–benefit applications in which resource managers are concerned with responses from a representative individual, this is sufficient. However, as behavioural responses to information treatments can vary across respondents, we develop a latent class analysis with covariates to examine unobserved heterogeneity responses to health-risk information treatments. Results from a probabilistic model indicate that classes of consumers respond differently to the health-risk information treatments. Principally, we find that the media form of the information treatment is important, with raw consumer groups typically more responsive to a brochure information treatment, while cooked oyster consumers are more responsive to the same information in a video format. We also find that a proposed US Food and Drug Administration policy on processing all raw oy...
ON PEDAGOGICAL CONCERNS OF ENGINEERING COURSES IN DISTANCE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS

The distance education and learning haveemerged as a popular method of instructional delivery inengineering and technology-related fields. In this article,we discuss pedagogical concerns in distance learningenvironments including some background and lessonslearned from our experience with online instructions inengineering and technology. We discuss students’performance using some accurate but crude data. Thearticle’s discussion encompasses faculty pedagogicalconcerns of security, interactivity, equity, hands-ondemonstration of concept, team-workability assessment, andethics, all related to online courses in engineering andtechnology. Some conclusions are also establishedintuitively through our informal discussions with thecolleagues having similar experiences. One majorconclusion is that in “open and honest” online learningenvironments such as those in most institutions of highereducation in the United States, the most important focusshould be on the “ethics” education of the students in mostlya minimal-proctored learning environment.Index Terms ⎯ distance learning; pedagogy; engineering;faculty; performance.
The eects of global bank competition and presence on local business cycles: The Goldilocks principle does not apply to global banking

I solve a two-country real business cycle model that includes Cournot competitive global and local banks to investigate the impact of banking competition and global bank presence on local business cycles. Simulations reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the two factors and the volatility of output when global banks face portfolio adjustment costs. This relationship is determined by the asymmetric degree of diminishing returns to lending that global banks face in each economy. Speci…cally, when global banks have a larger presence or are less competitive in one of the economies than the other, the cross-country mobility of loanable funds and the local responses to domestic shocks are smaller compared those obtained when the two economies are more symmetric.
Red Imported Fire Ant Foraging in a Greenhouse

Solenopsis invicta Buren workers retrieved greenhouse whiteflies [ Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)], annelids, sowbugs, mites, springtails, and scale insects. An estimated 15,408 immature and 2588 adult T. vaporariorum /day were removed from Lantana camara plants by S. invicta . Mean rates of movement of ants on the foraging trail ranged 1.96–2.31 cm/sec., and speeds of host-carrying and non-host-carrying ants were not significantly different. Foraging activity was maintained 24 h/day.
A Test for the Demonstration of Estrin in the Blood of Women.

It was previously shown1 that a mucification of the vaginal mucosa of adult spayed mice may readily be induced by the injection of blood serum from women in the premenstruum or in early pregnancy. At that time it was generally believed that this change in the test animal was brought about by a specific corpus luteum hormone, but the more recent studies of Robson,2 Robson and Wiesner,3 and Meyer and Allen4 indicate that it is an effect of small doses of estrin.The induction of mucification of the vaginal mucosa of adult spayed mice may thus be employed as a test for the presence of estrin in the blood of women with various clinical conditions. The procedure at present in use consists of injecting a total of 4.5 cc. of clear blood serum into mice which have been castrated for from 5 to 8 days. The animals are injected subcutaneously 3 times daily with 0.5 cc. and are sacrificed in 72 hours. The vagina is dissected free, fixed in formalin, and mounted in paraffin. Sections are made at different levels and st...
Abstract B152: Modulating the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors tropomyosin-related kinase A (TRKA) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in perineural invasion (PNI) in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the US with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Even after surgery and chemotherapy, prognosis is dismal due to tumor re-occurrence. Perineural Invasion (PNI) is a process where surrounding pancreatic nerves are invaded by pancreatic cancer cells. This invasive and proliferative ability of pancreatic cancer cells is indicative of their aggressiveness and is shown to be associated with poor prognosis and pain in pancreatic cancer patients. The nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathway is implicated in PNI and NGF binds to a high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin kinase A (TRKA), which is differentially expressed in pancreatic tumor tissues and a low-affinity receptor, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), whose role in PNI in pancreatic cancer is unclear. In this study, we seek to understand the molecular mechanisms of NGF regulation of PNI in pancreatic cancer. Whether NGF regulates PNI via an autocrine or paracrine manner is not well understood. Signaling via NGF-TRKA pathway induces neurites in the PC-12 neurite extension assay and conditioned media (CM) from several pancreatic cancer cell lines including BxPC3 induced neurites in this assay. Addition of an antibody to neutralize NGF in the CM or an azaoxindole inhibitor (GW441756) of TRKA resulted approximately in a 50% and 40% decrease in neurites respectively in the PC-12 assay. These results could indicate a paracrine action of NGF in promoting neurite extension in the PC-12 assay and perhaps nerve growth as related to PNI. Furthermore, knocking down the expression of NGF, p75NTR, TRKA using siRNA or inhibitor GW441756 of TRKA decreased migration of BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cells in the Boyden chamber assay by 45 − 60%. A similar inhibitory effect was observed in the movement of pancreatic cancer cells towards dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in a DRG-pancreatic cancer cell co-culture assay. Thus, NGF may function in an autocrine manner to increase proliferation and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells in PNI. Currently, we are working to further optimize our assays to delineate the interplay between NGF and TrkA (autocrine or paracrine) in PNI and understand the involvement of p75NTR (low-affinity NGF receptor) in NGF signaling and consequently in PNI. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in PNI will aid in designing novel therapeutics that prevent PNI and alleviate pain associated with PNI in patients with pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B152.
Design and Development of the High-speed Data Acquisition System Based on FPGA

The construction and techno-realization of high-speed data acquisition system are presented. The FPGA is adopted to realize the design of the hardware,which includes analog signals filtering plastic circuit,high-speed AD interface circuit,USB interface circuit. The system application software design is also analyzed in detailed,which includes FPGA program design,USB firmware program,upper computer application software,etc. The experimental results show the feasibility of the designed method.
Federal Directions in Radiation Regulations: Making the "Old" New Again.

The radiation regulatory scheme in the United States must periodically evolve and adapt to ensure that public health, workers, and the environment are properly protected in view of accepted societal values and the advance of science, technology, and medical practices. Federal regulators must use best judgment in weighing a multitude of factors and considerations. In the early 21st century, a few dependable but tired and antiquated "workhorses" of regulation have been reworked already--but many more remain that likely need reworking. Three primary points of discussion on current directional influences on federal radiation regulation merit examination: • In 2015, what are the stressors driving societal and policy changes and how might these dynamics be forcing reexamination of old regulations? • What are the things that make a "good" regulation and an effective rule? • What are the thorny issues that the federal government is wrestling with and what are some of the notable activities in federal radiation regulations and guidance that are underway ? This journal article was presented at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and served as a broad overview of federal regulatory actions and issues.
Sensory-motor assessment in clinical research trials

The assessment of changes in sensory-motor function in clinical research presents a unique set of difficulties. Clinimetrics is the science of measurement as related to the identification of a clinical disorder, the tracing of the progression of the condition under study, and calculation of its impact. The selection of appropriate measures for clinical studies of sensory-motor function must consider validity, sensitivity, specificity, responsiveness, reliability, and feasibility. Reasonable measures of motor function in clinical research include manual examination of muscle strength, electrophysiology, functional scales, patient-reported outcomes (e.g., quality of life), and for severe conditions such as ALS, survival. The assessment of sensory function includes targeted electrophysiology and QOL, as well as more focused measures such as quantitative sensory testing and the scoring of positive symptoms. Each individual measure and each combination of endpoints has its strengths and limitations.
The Medicare HMO Choice for the Elderly: An Analysis of Needs and Concerns

Marketing of a prepaid health plan to Medicare beneficiaries presents some new challenges to HMOs. Whereas the traditional HMOs targeting the employed population are characterized by group marketing, Medicare HMO marketing focuses primarily on individuals. The success of Medicare HMOs depends on whether they can convince the elderly to switch from the standard fee-for-service arrangement under which they currently receive health care, to a prepaid health plan. Understanding the consumer behavior of Medicare beneficiaries becomes a critical factor in designing effective marketing strategies for Medicare HMOs. Because of the relative newness of Medicare HMOs, there has been a dearth of published research studies which focuses on the health care choice processes of the elderly.
Recruitment challenges and strategies: Lessons learned from an early-stage dyadic intervention (innovative practice)

An increasing number of family caregivers are seeking services and support due in large part to the dramatic increase in the number of older adults obtaining dementia diagnoses. This paper describes barriers and challenges experienced by our research team in recruiting early-stage dementia caregiving dyads into research studies. Effective recruitment and screening strategies to address these barriers are also discussed. Recruitment and enrollment success depends on these strategies as well as having well-trained recruitment staff who are knowledgeable about the study and have experience working with older adults, and more specifically, persons with dementia.
Spouse, Parent, and Co-workers: Relationships and Roles During Adulthood

This chapter addresses the social relationships of middle adulthood: specifically, marriage partner, parent, and worker. The authors place genetically-informed research in the context of traditional theories of social behavior and development. Taking a broader look at these key relationships of middle adulthood highlights the importance of integrating genetic research into behavioral and social science for a richer understanding of development. There is also a great need for fine-tuned research that examines the mechanisms through which genetic and environmental factors influence relationships throughout the lifespan. Understanding these mechanisms will assist prevention and intervention efforts in targeting effective areas of change. Simultaneously, research needs to address questions related to cultural, ethnic, and gender influences on mid-life relationships and the processes underlying them.
Modeling changes in wildlife habitat and timber revenues in response to Forest management

Few models evaluate the effects of forest management options on wildlife habitat and incorporate temporal and spatial trends in forest growth. Moreover, existing habitat models do not explicitly consider economic trade-offs or allow for landscape level projections. To address these concerns, we linked standard wildlife habitat suitability models with habitat projections from the Landscape Management System (LMS). LMS integrates spatially explicit forest inventories with forest growth, decay, and silviculture treatment (e.g., planting, thinning, harvesting) models to compare some economic and biological impacts of forest management on wildlife habitats at spatial scales ranging from the individual forest stand to the landscape. We used LMS to quantify pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperi), and southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) habitat qualities across landscapes and to project habitat changes through time.[...]
On Matching Visible to Passive Infrared Face Images Using Image Synthesis & Denoising

Performing a direct match between images from different spectra (i.e., passive infrared and visible) is challenging because each spectrum contains different information pertaining to the subject’s face. In this work, we investigate the benefits and limitations of using synthesized visible face images from thermal ones and vice versa in cross-spectral face recognition systems. For this purpose, we propose utilizing canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and manifold learning dimensionality reduction (LLE). There are four primary contributions of this work. First, we formulate the cross-spectral heterogeneous face matching problem (visible to passive IR) using an image synthesis framework. Second, a new processed database composed of two datasets consistent of separate controlled frontal face subsets (VIS-MWIR and VIS-LWIR) is generated from the original, raw face datasets collected in three different bands (visible, MWIR and LWIR). This multi-band database is constructed using three different methods for preprocessing face images before feature extraction methods are applied. There are: (1) face detection, (2) CSU’s geometric normalization, and (3) our recommended geometric normalization method. Third, a post-synthesis image denoising methodology is applied, which helps alleviate different noise patterns present in synthesized images and improve baseline FR accuracy (i.e. before image synthesis and denoising is applied) in practical heterogeneous FR scenarios. Finally, an extensive experimental study is performed to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of cross-spectral matching when using our image synthesis and denoising approach. Our results are also compared to a baseline commercial matcher and various academic matchers provided by the CSU’s Face Identification Evaluation System.
Assessment for learning: using programmatic assessment requirements as an opportunity to develop information literacy and data skills in undergraduate students

AbstractDepartments and programmes in higher education are required to participate in an increasing number of programme, course and student assessments. These assessment requirements are also opportunities to develop student skills related to scientific literacy and research, if students are included in the process of developing, administering and interpreting these assessments. This paper describes a course designed to build student research skills through incorporating undergraduate students into the process of programme review for a psychology department, a comprehensive assessment required of this department every five years. This course proved to be an effective way to engage students, as students developed and administered assessment surveys, analysed and interpreted results, and prepared both a professional report for the department as well as a research presentation. The paper discusses recommended course activities, and shows how this opportunity can benefit students and faculty in a myriad of ways.
Oral Binge-Like Ethanol Pre-Exposure During Juvenile/Adolescent Period Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Conditioned Place Aversion in Rats.

Aims To determine if oral ethanol self-administration produces a conditioned place preference (CPP) and to determine if ethanol pre-exposure conditions during the juvenile/adolescent period alter the conditioned effects of ethanol and subsequent ethanol self-administration. Short summary Modified conditioned place preference paradigm allowed rats to orally self-administer ethanol followed by short duration exposure to conditioning chambers. Ethanol produced a conditioned place aversion even though rats self-administered ethanol following the final conditioning test. Juvenile/adolescent pre-exposure to ethanol decreased the place aversion but did not produce place preference. Methods Juvenile/adolescent rats consumed sweetened 5% ethanol in the home-cage either during continuous access or intermittent access with water restriction that promoted binge-like consumption. A control group had water access during the 4-week period. Adult rats were conditioned using a modified CPP paradigm wherein rats were water-restricted overnight before being placed in operant chambers to respond for 5% ethanol for 7 min. Following the operant session, rats were placed in the conditioning chamber for 8 min. After the conditioning post-test, rats self-administered ethanol during daily operant sessions. Results Ethanol produced a conditioned place aversion in water access rats and the continuous access rats. Binge-like ethanol consumption induced by intermittent access with water restriction abolished the place aversion, but did not allow place preference to develop. After conditioning, continuous access rats self-administered ethanol above ~0.6 g/kg which was similar to rats with binge-like experience via intermittent access. Conclusions Results suggest that oral ethanol self-administration elicits aversive properties in this model even though ethanol continues to maintain self-administration. Pre-exposure to ethanol during the juvenile/adolescent period may produce tolerance to ethanol's aversive properties only when consumed in a binge-like manner with water restriction. More exploration is needed to understand how behavioral history can influence sensitivity to ethanol's rewarding and aversive properties and subsequent ethanol consumption or self-administration.
Spectral Element Based Optimization Scheme for Damage Identification

Due to its simplicity, impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) has gained a lot of interest in the SHM community. Impedance measurements have proved to be very effective in detecting the presence of damage. Damage identification, on the other hand, can hardly be done with a single impedance measurement, and an array of sensors is normally required to identify damage location and severity. However, impedance measurements contain valuable information about the fundamental frequencies of the structure, and when combined with modelling, more quantitative information on structural damages can be extracted. In this study, a single impedance measurement is used for damage detection and identification in a beam. Spectral element model is developed to calculate the structural impedance of the damaged beam, and then damage defining parameters, which are damage location, width and severity, are updated through an optimization scheme. The proposed technique is computationally efficient, as it requires solving a very small system of equations with only three optimization parameters.
An experimental investigation of the flow engendered by a rotating cone

The flow engendered by a cone rotating in air was investigated experimentally in the laminar flow regime by means of a hot wire. It was found that the velocity components predicted from boundary layer theory are in good agreement with the measured flow pattern. Also the transition from laminar to turbulent flow was studied. The transition point depends considerably upon the cone vertex angle, but the influence of the direction of the gravitational force field on the transition point is negligible.
The information revolution and the transformation of warfare

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the information revolution and the transformation of warfare. “Doing strategy” has never been easy, but because of the information revolution, the difficulties facing the national security strategist have never been more complex or daunting, and the plate of critical strategic issues has never been fuller. While infrastructures have always been important to military and economic power, the growing reliance on interconnected computer networks to run infrastructures presents a vulnerability that a strategic adversary can hardly ignore. The growing networkization of warfare is transforming how one fight as both conventional and unconventional military capabilities and operations are affected and shaped by technological, organizational, doctrinal, and operational imperatives of the information revolution. The connectivity among people, organizations, and societies continues to grow, creating new avenues and audiences for influence.
Abstract IA09: Early, highly specific risk stratification for lethal prostate cancer using a prespecified statistical model based on four kallikrein markers in blood

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2) are 237-aa single chain glycoproteins with uniquely different serine proteinase activity and products of two highly homologous primate-lineage specific, androgen receptor-regulated genes (KLK3 and KLK2) with abundant prostate-restricted expression. In blood from healthy middle-aged men not subject to PSA testing, million-fold lower levels of multiple noncatalytic forms of PSA and hK2 are very strongly associated with 20+ year- risk of metastasis or death from prostate cancer (PC), whereas prospective randomized trials in Europe show that early detection by systematic PSA testing reduces PC-specific deaths but remains controversial due to harm from overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Population-based findings of longer lead time at Gleason Grade Group ≥2 (GGG2) versus GGG1 at PC diagnosis provide evidence of grade progression over time. However, our estimates of a ≤6% risk of ≥GGG2-PC by a predefined statistical model based on four kallikrein markers in blood in middle-aged men with modestly elevated PSA is strongly associated with 15-20-year risk of PC death or metastasis below population average. By contrast, a smaller subset of these middle-aged men with modestly elevated PSA and a ≥6% four kallikrein risk-score have 15-20-year risk of PC death or metastasis that is multiple folds higher than the population average. Although evidence exists that mutations in germline DNA are associated with PC-death or metastasis, it is currently unclear how we could integrate these findings in programs aimed at early specific detection of lethal PC. Citation Format: Hans Lilja. Early, highly specific risk stratification for lethal prostate cancer using a prespecified statistical model based on four kallikrein markers in blood [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Neurocognitive mechanisms of emotion-related impulsivity: The role of arousal.

Prior research suggests that a traitlike tendency to experience impulsivity during states of high emotion is robustly associated with many forms of psychopathology. Several studies tie emotion-related impulsivity to response inhibition deficits, but these studies have not focused on the role of emotion or arousal within subjects. The present study tested whether arousal, measured by pupil dilation, amplifies deficits in response inhibition for those high in emotion-related impulsivity. Participants (N = 85) completed a measure of emotion-related impulsivity, underwent a positive mood induction procedure that reduced heterogeneity in mood states, and completed a response inhibition task. Pupil dilation was used to index arousal during the response inhibition task. Generalized linear mixed effect modeling yielded the hypothesized interaction between arousal (pupil dilation) and emotion-related impulsivity in predicting response inhibition performance at the trial level. Emotion-related impulsivity relates to more difficulties with response inhibition during moments of high arousal.
GENES IMPLICATED IN NEURODEVELOPMENT ARE ENRICHED FOR FOXP2 BINDING SITES ASSOCIATED WITH LANGUAGE ABILITY

Background Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a neurodevelopmental condition which causes linguistic deficits in children with otherwise normal development. SLI is demonstrably heritable (h2 ~ 0.6) and relatively common (occurring in ~7% of the population). Linkage, GWAS, and twin studies of SLI have produced mixed results with inconsistent replication, necessitating the integration of other forms of molecular data related to language ability into its study. The transcription factor FOXP2 is robustly associated with language ability, with perturbations to the coding region of the gene resulting in severe language deficits. However, such coding changes in FOXP2 are exceedingly rare. Variation in FOXP2's thousands of DNA binding sites is plentiful, on the other hand, making them attractive targets for interrogation in a common condition like SLI. Methods Genetic variants overlapping FOXP2 ChIP peak sites were extracted from the whole genome sequences of a cohort of 280 children (~140 SLI and ~140 control), and ranked based on association with overall language ability. Variation in the FOXP2 locus was also tested for association with language ability. Results Genes co-expressed with FOXP2 in the developing human brain and implicated in neurodevelopment were enriched for high-ranking FOXP2 binding sites. Despite these intriguing results, this variation – and that in the FOXP2 locus itself – was only able to explain a fraction of differences in total language ability. Discussion These results show the promise of integrating molecular data into genetic analysis of SLI, while demonstrating the inability of FOXP2 to fully explain the preponderance of variability in human language ability.
ADD-FAR: attacked driving dataset for forensics analysis and research

For ensuring safety and for handling emergency situations, most autonomous vehicles use remote human operators by communicating the road condition captured using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and stereo RGB cameras [10, 11]. Recent research [2, 3] has identified several possible scenarios of forgery attacks during such data communication between autonomous vehicles and human operators. Hence, there is a distinct requirement for forensics research on the multi-modal LiDAR and RGB camera data generated from autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we present a new dataset, ADD-FAR (Attacked Driving Dataset for Forensics Analysis and Research) that contains forged driving scenarios based on KITTI Vision Benchmark Suite [4, 5]. This dataset is created by identifying objects of interest using automated 3D object detection and carrying out the attacks with different levels of risk as defined in [3]. As part of the dataset, we are also providing the scripts used for automatically generating the different types of attacks. These scripts can easily be modified to work with other driving datasets apart from KITTI as well as for creating new forms of attacks.
Instabilities of a Time-Dependent Shear Flow

AbstractThis study offers a systematic stability analysis of unsteady shear flows representing large-scale, low-frequency internal waves in the ocean. The analysis is based on the unbounded time-de...
Personality, health, wealth, and subjective well-being: Testing a integrative model with retired and working older adults

Abstract The current study tests an integrative model based on resource theories of retirement examining the relationships among personal resources (i.e., health and wealth), the Big Five, and subjective well-being in late life. We used a subsample (N = 2,518) of participants across two cohorts from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). All participants were working at Time 1 and a subsample retired between Time 1 and Time 2. A multi-group structural equation model compared the relationships among personality, health, wealth, and well-being between those who continued working and those who retired. Results suggest that wealth and health are related to personality traits (i.e., conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness), but provide no evidence that the relationships are different for retired and working adults.
The Chronicle of the Resurrection Regalia: Or Why Every Black Hire is the First:

This article uses Wendy Moore’s concept of White institutional space to explain why Black people experience ostracization, microaggressions, and other forms of othering in predominantly White insti...
Initial Experience With a Full Endoscopic Facet Fusion in Combination With Endoscopic Interbody Fusion.

Background Facet fusion has been described in open and minimally invasive approaches to promote fusion. Our objective is to describe the technique of an endoscopic facet decortication and allograft placement as an adjunct to an interbody fusion. Methodology This was a descriptive analysis of patients who underwent endoscopic interbody fusion combined with facet fusion and percutaneous screw placement. General demographics, clinical presentation, length of stay, follow-up, and outcome were gathered. The technique involves endoscopic access to the Kambin’s triangle, discectomy/endplate preparation, expandable cage/allograft insertion, and percutaneous pedicle screw placement. A midline incision was performed, and the endoscope was advanced over the facet joints at the desired level. After removing the soft tissue with grasping forceps, cautery was used to disrupt the facet capsule. An articulating high-speed bur was used to drill inside and over the dorsal surface of the joint. Finally, allograft chips were placed through the endoscope cannula. Results From May 2019 to December 2019, four patients underwent endoscopic interbody fusion. All were female, with a mean age of 67.5 years (SD: 12.7). All had chronic low back pain and radiculopathy associated with Grade 1 spondylolisthesis. Two (50%) of the patients underwent two-level fusion. The median hospital stay was two days. Two (50%) reported improvement of both low back and radiculopathy symptoms. None of the patients had a significant complication or required reoperation in eight months’ mean follow-up. Conclusions Facet decortication and allograft placement are feasible using an endoscopic approach in conjunction with interbody fusion.
Locomotor action sequences impact the scale of representation in hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex

The hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex are implicated in both episodic memory and encoding of position in an environment. In the present study, we examine the impact of locomotor behaviors associated with movement in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions on population activity patterns in these two brain structures. We utilized a five-looped, squared spiral track containing stair segments, ramp segments, and flat segments. In addition to encoding locations along the full route, posterior parietal cortex population activity demonstrates strong pattern recurrence for similar action types at different locations in the environment. Additionally, posterior parietal and hippocampal neurons exhibit parallel modulation in the scale of representation that follows behavioral dynamics required for track traversal. These findings build on prior work examining spatial mapping in the vertical dimension and provide a better understanding of how a series of actions and visited locations can be coordinated in the generation of episodic memory.
In-situ sequestration of perfluoroalkyl substances using polymer-stabilized ion exchange resin

Abstract Remediation of groundwater impacted by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is challenging due to the strength of the carbon-fluorine bond and the need to achieve nanogram per liter drinking water targets. Previous studies have shown that ion exchange resins can serve as effective sorbents for the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in conventional water treatment systems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in situ delivery and PFAS sorption capacity of a polymer-stabilized ion exchange resin (S-IXR) consisting of Amberlite® IRA910 beads and Pluronic® F-127 in a quartz sand. At concentrations below 100 µg/L, individual and mixed PFAS adsorption on resin beads exhibited linear isotherms with no apparent competitive effects. However, at concentrations up to 100 mg/L, PFAS adsorption isotherms were non-linear and a mixture of six PFAS exhibited strong competitive effects. In columns packed with 40–50 mesh Ottawa sand, injection of the S-IXR suspension created a uniform sorptive zone that increased PFOA or PFOS retention by more than five orders-of-magnitude compared to untreated control columns. Multi-solute column studies revealed earlier breakthrough of shorter-chain length PFAS, which was consistent with the mixed PFAS adsorption data. These findings indicate that injectable ion exchange resins could provide an effective in situ remediation strategy for PFAS-impacted groundwater plumes.