cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atom probe tomography characterization of neutron irradiated surveillance samples from the R. E. Ginna reactor pressure vessel

Abstract Surveillance samples of a low copper (nominally 0.05 wt.% Cu) forging and a higher copper (0.23 wt.% Cu) submerged arc weld from the R. E. Ginna reactor pressure vessel have been characterized by atom probe tomography (APT) after exposure to three levels of neutron irradiation, i.e., fluences of 1.7, 3.6 and 5.8 × 1023 n.m−2 (E > 1 MeV), and inlet temperatures of ∼289 °C (∼552 °F). As no copper-enriched precipitates were observed in the low copper forging, and the measured copper content in the ferrite matrix was 0.04±
Watching Photoactivation in a Ru(II) Chromophore–Catalyst Assembly on TiO2 by Ultrafast Spectroscopy

This paper examines the ultrafast dynamics of the initial photoactivation step in a molecular assembly consisting of a chromophore (denoted [RuaII]2+) and a water-splitting catalyst (denoted [RubII]2+) anchored to TiO2. Photoexcitation of the chromophore is followed by rapid electron injection from the Ru(II) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state. The injection process was followed via the decay of the bpy radical anion absorption at 375 nm. Injection is ∼95% efficient and exhibits multiple kinetic components with decay times ranging from <250 fs to 250 ps. Electron injection is followed by the transfer of the oxidative equivalent from the chromophore to the catalyst (ΔG = −0.28 eV) with a transfer time of 145 ps. In the absence of subsequent photoexcitation events, the charge-separated state undergoes electron-transfer recombination on the microsecond time scale.
Some amino acids of chicken erythrocytes.

SummaryThe following amino acids contained in the chicken erythrocyte have been determined by means of microbiological assays and are expressed as percentages of the dry weight: histidine 3.75, arginine 4.35, lysine 6.81, leucine 9.20, isoleucine 3.20, valine 7.05, methionine 1.25, threonine 4.93, tryptophane 1.28, phenylalanine 4.25, and tyrosine 2.60.
Combined severe factor XI deficiency and von Willebrand's disease.

A family whose members demonstrated deficiency of factor XI and also showed mild von Willebrand’s disease is discussed. Two siblings had this combined defect, and a third was only affected with mild depression of factor VIII coagulant activity. Their mother showed laboratory findings of mild von Willebrand's disease and had reduced factor XI antigen, whereas their father was normal. Cross immunoelectrophoresis of the factor VIII antigen showed abnormal mobility when plasmas of the four affected members (three siblings and mother) were tested and compared with normal plasmas and the father’s plasma. The in-vitro effects of normal plasma, hemophilic plasma, highly purified factor XI, and cryoprecipitate were evaluated. Normal plasma completely corrected the abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), whereas partial corrections were seen when hemophilic plasma was added to the plasma of the factor XI-deficient patients. Highly purified unactivated factor XI also showed partial corrective effects on the APTT. Cryoprecipitate containing 5 U/ml of factor VIII and 1.6 U/ml of factor XI corrected the APTT to normal when mixed in equal amounts with the patients’ plasma. Cryoprecipitate and frozen plasma were also tested in one of the affected siblings before knee surgery. The contents of ten bags of cryoprecipitate infused intravenously partially corrected the APTT for over 72 hours; factor VIII coagulant showed a prolonged half-life survival (~72 hours), whereas factor VIH-related antigen had a shorter survival (24 hours). During surgery the patient was infused with frozen plasma because of the higher concentrations of factor XI; on this preparation her factor XI coagulant fluctuated between 40% and 60% during this period. Histocompatibility studies done for all the family members disclosed that the inheritance of these two factor deficiencies was independent of the HLA system.
Making analytics actionable at AllDrinksSoft: MyResults and AMPlify:

AllDrinksSoft (ADS), a US-based manufacturer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages, began its journey into Business Analytics (BA) by developing two performance dashboards: one for its branches and one for its sales staff. By recounting the development and implementation of these two applications, and considering how improvements to them might be prioritized, this case explores ADS’s journey into BA. In so doing, it highlights questions about the meaning of BA, the various ways in which analytics solutions can be designed and implemented, what the stages of BA maturity look like and how organizations might progress along this maturity trajectory.
Assessing resident competency in an outpatient setting.

Background and objectives The Grand Rapids Family Practice Residency Program has been using an ongoing "spot check" method to evaluate global competencies of family medicine residents in the ambulatory setting. This paper describes and assesses this evaluation method. Methods During each clinic session, preceptors evaluate residents on core ambulatory clinical skills. Evaluations emphasize direct observation of behaviors. Summative feedback is provided on a quarterly basis. Both residents and faculty were surveyed regarding impressions of this system. Results Of the residents surveyed, 88% felt this feedback regarding performance was useful, and 75% were comfortable with the process. Sixty percent felt the assessment was an adequate representation of outpatient skills. Eighty-eight percent of residents wanted to continue the evaluation process. After institution of the program, precepting faculty reported an improvement in their assessment of overall resident performance in an outpatient setting. Faculty also self-reported an increase in direct observation of resident encounters. Conclusions Assessing global competencies in an outpatient setting is a way for family medicine programs to evaluate residents, provide feedback on an ongoing basis, and monitor growth in key areas. This method was well accepted at our program and has been shown to change self-reported preceptor behaviors regarding direct observation of residents.
Secondary repair of burned hands.

Secondary repair of burned hands requires a comprehensive plan that takes into consideration the patient’s individual problems. With severe injury, multiple surgical procedures are often necessary and should be planned for maximal economy of time and stages. Occasionally, the extent of damage to the hand is so severe that, for functional or aesthetic reasons, amputation and prosthetic fitting are recommended.
Scientific Method for Ecological Research: Use of mathematical models for constructing explanations in ecology

Summary Models are analogies representing important features of a system. By constructing and then studying a model we hope to explain how the system functions. However, mathematical models are made using particular rules and procedures of construction. These determine both the types of simplification made and how the model can be assessed. Rules and procedures for constructing three types of ecological model are reviewed and their use in ecological research is discussed. Dynamic systems models have a defined mathematical form, usually differential or difference equations. They have a long history of describing idealized ecological interactions and speculating about general properties of ecological systems. Their use has been criticized because of diffculties in assessing how effectively they can represent particular ecological systems. Statistical models have a mathematical structure specifically designed for fitting to data and calculating error. Parsimony is an important procedure in construction – using no more complicated a model than is needed to describe patterns in measured data. An example of a model of a stochastic process is described. Statistical models have been criticized because of diffculties in interpreting ecological significance of parameters and lack of uniqueness, i.e., that different models may fit a data set equally well. General explanations have to be built up by comparing models constructed in different instances. Systems simulation models take advantage of increased computing power and flexibility in computer languages to make more comprehensive representations of ecological processes than either dynamic systems models or statistical models. However, the potential for complexity can lead to difficulty in deciding a model's bounds, what should, and should not be included, and how to assess the model.
The promise of historical dynamism for the American study of international relations

While The Global Transformation makes a compelling case for the importance of the oft-ignored 19th century for IR theory, the book also represents an opportunity for an audience for which it was probably not intended: American IR scholars working in the quantitative empirical tradition, whom it should prompt to re-think the question of how the interactions that they seek to understand are conditional on deeper material and ideational dynamics.
Studies in A.I. Augmented Control Systems using the Boxes Methodology

The BOXES paradigm has been successfully applied to control systems that are mechanically unstable. The primary application is the “Trolley and Pole” in which a freely hinged pole is balanced by rapidly reversing the direction of a guided trolley. This paper takes the BOXES (Michie [1]) methodology into the realm of continuous control systems, in which success is not measured by time to failure, but rather by the form factors of response to stimuli. To illustrate the method a classic second order, damped harmonic system is modified to include an AI contribution to its control parameters. The paper establishes that such contributions are both significant and desirable. The paper concludes with some encouragements for further study of systems that are poorly or partially defined.
Workflows and Provenance: Toward Information Science Solutions for the Natural Sciences

The era of big data and ubiquitous computation has brought with it concerns about ensuring reproducibility in this new research environment. It is easy to assume computational methods self-document by their very nature of being exact, deterministic processes. However, similar to laboratory experiments, ensuring reproducibility in the computational realm requires the documentation of both the protocols used (workflows) as well as a detailed description of the computational environment: algorithms, implementations, software environments as well as the data ingested and execution logs of the computation. These two aspects of computational reproducibility (workflows and execution details) are discussed in the context of biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (bioNMR) as well as the PRIMAD model for computational reproducibility.
Student portfolios as windows into intercultural knowledge and knowing

AbstractThis research paper deals with intercultural knowledge and knowing as displayed in higher education student portfolios. The portfolios were written by student pairs taking a global education course at Centria University of Applied Sciences, Finland, during seven academic years. Conceptual metaphor theory and metaphor analysis were utilised to explore intercultural knowledge and knowing in the portfolio texts. The study is one of the few metaphor analyses conducted in the context of intercultural/global education. For the analysis, we selected a sample of student portfolios that represented both degree-taking students and exchange students. In this study, interculturality was defined as interaction of people representing various cultural backgrounds, world-views and identities. The research questions were the following: What conceptual metaphors and metonymies do the students utilise when writing about culture and interculturality? What main conceptions of culture and interculturality do the metaph...
The nociceptin receptor inhibits axonal regeneration and recovery from spinal cord injury

Axonal growth after traumatic spinal cord injury is limited by endogenous inhibitors, selective blockade of which promotes partial neurological recovery. The partial repair phenotypes suggest that compensatory pathways limit improvement. Gene expression profiles of mice deficient in Ngr1, which encodes a receptor for myelin-associated inhibitors of axonal regeneration such as Nogo, revealed that trauma increased the mRNA expression of ORL1, which encodes the receptor for the opioid-related peptide nociceptin. Endogenous and overexpressed ORL1 coimmunoprecipitated with immature NgR1 protein, and ORL1 enhanced the O-linked glycosylation and surface expression of NgR1 in HEK293T and Neuro2A cells and primary neurons. ORL1 overexpression inhibited cortical neuron axon regeneration independently of NgR1. Furthermore, regeneration was inhibited by an ORL1 agonist and enhanced by the ORL1 antagonist J113397 through a ROCK-dependent mechanism. Mice treated with J113397 after dorsal hemisection of the mid-thoracic spinal cord recovered greater locomotor function and exhibited lumbar raphespinal axon sprouting. These effects were further enhanced by combined Ngr1 deletion and ORL1 inhibition. Thus, ORL1 limits neural repair directly and indirectly by enhancing NgR1 maturation, and ORL1 antagonists enhance recovery from traumatic CNS injuries in wild-type and Ngr1 null mice.
Chemical Proteomic Characterization of a Covalent KRASG12C Inhibitor

The KRASG12C protein product is an attractive, yet challenging, target for small molecule inhibition. One option for therapeutic intervention is to design small molecule ligands capable of binding to and inactivating KRASG12C via formation of a covalent bond to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine 12. In order to better understand the cellular off-target interactions of Compound 1, a covalent KRASG12C inhibitor, we have completed a series of complementary chemical proteomics experiments in H358 cells. A new thiol reactive probe (TRP) was designed and used to construct a cellular target occupancy assay for KRASG12C. In addition, the thiol reactive probes allowed us to profile potential off-target interactions of Compound 1 with over 3200 cysteine residues. In order to complement the TRP data we designed Compound 2, an alkyne containing version of Compound 1, to serve as bait in competitive chemical proteomics experiments. Herein, we describe and compare data from both the TRP and the click chemistry probe pull...
Neurosurgical Management of Sacral Tumors: Review of the Literature and Operative Nuances.

Background Sacral tumors present a significant challenge to the spine surgeon. As new techniques have evolved in recent years, these lesions have become more amenable to aggressive surgical treatment. Although sacral tumors make up only a small minority of spinal tumors, their surgical management warrants special consideration. Methods Based on our experience, we highlight 3 important surgical nuances specifically for the treatment of sacral tumors: preservation and maximization of neurologic function, protection of ventral abdominal and pelvic structures, and lumbopelvic fixation. Results Two cases of patients with sacral tumors treated at our institution are presented to illustrate these points. Both patients had successful postoperative courses, and remained pain free, well-fixated, and neurologically intact at 3–4 month follow-up. They had no evidence of biomechanical instability. Conclusions To ensure a successful outcome, a goal-directed, methodical approach is required.
Confucianism and Democratization in East Asia: The Confucian Asian Values Thesis

More than three decades have passed since the third wave of democratization began spreading from Southern Europe to all other regions of the world in the mid-1970s. In the wake of this wave, most or all of the countries in East, Central, and Southern Europe and in Latin America have been transformed into democracies (Diamond 2011; Haerpfer et al. 2009). In historically Confucian East Asia, where the institutional, cognitive, and behavioral legacies of Confucianism are prevalent, however, the same wave produced only two new democracies – South Korea (Korea hereafter) and Taiwan – and failed to democratize four other nondemocracies: China, North Korea, Singapore, and Vietnam. Moreover, of the two nascent democracies, Taiwan remains a “flawed” democracy even after more than two decades of democratic rule (Economist Intelligence Unit 2010), and Korea has recently moved backward from “free” to “partly free” in press freedom rankings (Freedom House 2011). Despite all the unprecedented achievements in socioeconomic development and globalization in the region over the past three decades, Confucian East Asia today remains one of the few regions in the world in which nondemocracies prevail over democracies. To explain a lack of democratic development in the region, many scholars and political leaders have promoted Confucian values as Asian values (Tamaki 2007) and have vigorously debated their influence on the democratic transformation of authoritarian regimes in the East Asia region from a variety of disciplinary and ideological perspectives.
Natural history of prostatism: urinary flow rates in a community-based study.

AbstractUrinary flow rates were measured in a randomly selected community sample of more than 2,000 men 40 to 79 years old with no history of prostate surgery, prostate cancer or certain other diseases known to interfere with normal voiding. Peak urinary flow rates decreased from a median of 20.3ml. per second in men 40 to 44 years old to 11.5ml. per second for men 75 to 79 years old, while voided volumes decreased from a median of 355.5 to 222.5ml. for the same age ranges. Peak flow rates of less than 10ml. per second were found in 6% of the men aged 40 to 44 years, increasing to 35% among men aged 75 to 79 years. Urological standards for peak urinary flow rate should be based on community data, and should account for age and voided volume. Our study may serve as the starting point for the development of community-based flow rate normal ranges. Nomograms are given to permit estimating flow rate percentiles as a function of age and voided volume.
The epidemiology of HIV in New York State.

This examination of the epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) in 1987 takes into account three factors. First, New York State has the largest number of reported AIDS cases of any state. As of October 28, 1987, there were 12,790 cases reported among New York State residents.1 However, the prevalence of AIDS is not uniform throughout New York State communities and displays marked variation by age, sex, race, and geography. Further, the dominance of risk factors and the phase of the epidemic vary between regions within the state. New York State, excluding New York City, has approximately 10% of the total cases. However, this proportion still accounts for 1,181 cases, with an additional 432 cases occurring among prisoners housed in New York State Department of Correction facilities. If New York City cases were excluded, New York State would have the sixth highest number of cases among the 50 states.
A comparative study of outcomes and expenses following tetraplegia and paraplegia.

OBJECTIVE A study was designed to directly compare individuals with tetraplegia and paraplegia to further explore neurological and functional outcomes and their impact on the expense of rehabilitation when controlling for level of completeness, age at the time of injury, and length of stay. METHODS A sample was drawn from the National Spinal Cord Injury Database consisting of 2069 individuals, 1005 with paraplegia and 1064 with tetraplegia. RESULTS Significant demographic differences were found between the 2 groups with regard to age, ethnicity, marital status, and employment status. Significant differences were found between the groups with regard to all individual outcome variables (p < .001) and expenses (p < .05). On average, patients with paraplegic injuries evidenced greater change and efficiency on a functional independence measure than patients with tetraplegia. In contrast, patients with tetraplegia showed greater changes and efficiency with regard to ASIA Motor Index scores. Higher rehabilitation expenses were found for patients with tetraplegia.
Simulation for Training and Testing Intelligent Systems

Intelligent systems require sizable sets of known data for training. Developing datasets from real-world data is a time-consuming and cumbersome process. Simulation provides an alternative with key advantages: rapid data collection, automated semantic tagging, lower cost, etc. at the cost of realism. The major automotive autonomy efforts rely on simulation to supplement real-world driving with millions of miles of simulated driving. Simulators are also being used to develop and test autonomous algorithms for do-it-yourself autonomous remote-control cars, small-to-medium sized unmanned ground vehicles, and intelligent agents that exist only in virtual environments. Building and using simulated environments for training and testing intelligent systems provides many significant advantages, users must be aware of the limitations and constraints of simulated environments and carefully evaluate transfer of learning from simulated datasets to real-world performance.
Examination of Trifluoroethanol Interactions with Trp-Cage in Trifluoroethanol-Water at 298 K through Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Intermolecular Nuclear Overhauser Effects.

Molecular dynamics simulations of the protein model Trp-cage in 42% trifluoroethanol (TFE)–water at 298 K have been carried out with the goal of exploring peptide hydrogen–solvent fluorine nuclear ...
Comparative histomorphometric analysis of cellular phenotype in canine stifle ligaments and tendon

Objective To measure the density of cellular phenotypes in canine caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL), cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and long digital extensor tendon (LDET). Study design Ex-vivo study. Methods Ten CaCL, CrCL, MCL, and LDET obtained from 1 stifle of 10 dogs with no gross pathology were analyzed histologically. The density of cells with 3 nuclear phenotypes (fusiform, ovoid, and spheroid) was determined within the core region of each specimen. Results Cells with fusiform nuclei were most dense in the MCL (median [range], 319 [118-538] cells/mm2 ) and LDET (331 [61-463]), whereas cells with ovoid nuclei were most dense in the CaCL (276 [123-368]) and CrCL (212 [165-420]). The spheroid nuclear phenotype had the lowest density in all structures (31 [5-61] in CaCL, 54 [5-90] in CrCL, 2 [0-14] in MCL, and 5 [0-80] in LDET); however, the CrCL contained a denser population of spheroid cells compared with MCL and LDET (P .05). Conclusion Phenotype density varied within the ligaments and tendon tested here. The cell population of CaCL and CrCL differed from that of dense collagenous tissues such as MCL and LDET. Clinical significance The relatively higher density of spheroid phenotype in CrCL may reflect a distinctive native cellular population or a cellular transformation secondary to unique mechanical environment or hypoxia. This intrinsic cellular population may explain altered tissue properties prone to pathological rupture or poor healing potential of the canine CrCL.
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyarylates

Recently thermotropic liquid crystalline polyarylates (TLCPs) have been attracting much attention because of their very high modulus, excellent processability, thermal resistance, dimentional stability, flame resistance and chemical resistance, and the possibility of being a substitute for Al. However, TLCPs have also some serious problems such as mechanical anisotropy, low weldline strength and fibrization (delamination), and the modulus is still lower than that of Al. We have been working on the preparation of novel TLCPs with higher weldline strength and resistance to fibrization and found that TLCPs derived from 4,4′-diphenyldicarboxylic acid(BB) would be promising materials as a substitute for Al.
Thyroid hormone misuse and abuse

Thyroid hormone (TH) plays an essential role in human physiology and maintenance of appropriate levels is important for good health. Unfortunately, there are instances in which TH is misused or abused. Such misuse may be intentional such as when individuals take thyroid hormone for unapproved indications like stimulation of weight loss or improved energy. There are instances where healthcare providers prescribe thyroid hormone for controversial or out of date uses and sometimes in supraphysiologic doses. Othertimes, unintentional exposure may occur through supplements or food that unknowingly contain TH. No matter the reason, exposure to exogenous forms of TH places the public at risk for potential adverse side effects.
Acquisition of Practical Knowledge by Blind and Visually Impaired Students in Grades 8–12:

The Test of Practical Knowledge was used to measure the acquisition of practical knowledge in 116 blind and visually impaired adolescents in public and residential schools in Texas. Most of the dem...
Nutritional value of frass from black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, in a channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, diet

Frass is the by‐product of the larval meal industry and includes larval waste, exoskeleton sheds and residual feed ingredients. Experimental frass was derived from the larvae of black solder flies fed distillers' dried grains with solubles and had a protein and fat content of 216 and 60 g/kg, respectively. A 10‐week study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of frass on growth, feed utilization, and body proximate and mineral composition of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Five diets containing 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 g frass per kg diet were fed to channel catfish (5.24 ± 0.04 g) in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily. Final weight gain was significantly increased in fish fed diets containing frass at levels from 100 to 300 g/kg. Fish fed diets without frass, and with 300 g/kg frass, showed the lowest and highest feed intake, respectively. Feed and protein efficiencies, however, were significantly lower in fish fed frass at levels of 200 g/kg and higher compared to the control diet. Survival, whole‐body composition and mineral content were not affected by frass. In summary, black soldier fly larval frass has potential as a protein source or just an ingredient for enhancing palatability of catfish diets.
Scaffolds and Tissue Decellularization

This chapter discusses different types of scaffold material that can provide structural support for cells to attach, survive, and grow into a 3D tissue. These scaffold materials can include molecules that exist biologically as well as synthetic ones, yielding scaffolds with a wide range of viscoelastic properties. Depending on their chemical composition, materials used in scaffolding can be classified into four broad categories: ceramics, polymers, composites, and decellularized matrix. A list of 10 key questions to ask should aid students in selecting scaffold material for their chosen application. The second part of the chapter is devoted to the use of decellularized tissue (DCT) as the most suitable natural scaffold for tissue growth. The methods to obtain DCT are covered, including freezing and defrosting, using hypo- and hyperosmolar solutions, solvents (alcohol, methanol, chloroform, and acetone), acids and bases, chelators, enzymes, and detergents. Main effects of these various reagents on quality of DCT are discussed. The latter can be evaluated using three complementary means: the degree of remaining cellular content, the lack of detergents and salt remnants, and the integrity of ECM architecture.
Accelerating Linear Algebra Kernels on a Massively Parallel Reconfigurable Architecture

Much of the recent work on domain-specific architectures has focused on bridging the gap between performance/efficiency and programmability. We consider one such example architecture, Transformer, consisting of light-weight cores interconnected by caches and crossbars that supports run-time reconfiguration between shared and private cache mode operations. We present customized implementation of a select set of linear algebra kernels, namely, triangular matrix solver, LU decomposition, QR decomposition and matrix in-version, on Transformer. The performance of the kernel algorithms is evaluated with respect to execution time and energy efficiency. Our study shows that each kernel achieves high performance for a certain cache mode and that this cache mode can change when the matrix size changes, making a case for run-time reconfiguration.
Techniques for epitaxial site-selective growth of quantum dots

We present an overview of techniques used to pattern the epitaxial growth of quantum dots. Subsequent growth, morphology, and optical characterization are also discussed. The guided assembly of epitaxially grown quantum dots is a research area of great interest in order to enable their use for scalable device applications. The techniques discussed in this review include methods of fabrication and growth, stressor layer growth, alternate materials, theoretical modeling, and device integration.
Prospects and challenges of colloidal quantum dot laser diodes

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) combine the superior light-emission characteristics of quantum-confined semiconductors with the chemical flexibility of molecular systems. These properties could, in principle, enable solution-processable laser diodes with an ultrawide range of accessible colours. However, the realization of such devices has been hampered by fast optical gain decay due to non-radiative Auger recombination and poor stability of QD solids at the high current densities required for the lasing regime. Recently, these problems have been resolved, which resulted in the development of electrically pumped optical gain devices operating at ultrahigh current densities of around 1,000 A cm−2. The next step is the realization of a QD laser diode (QLD). Here we assess the status of the QD lasing field, examine the remaining challenges on the path to a QLD and discuss practical strategies for attaining electrically pumped QD lasing. Colloidal quantum dots may offer solution-processable lasers, with a wide range of colours available. Technical hurdles and progress towards realization of useful quantum dot laser diodes is reviewed.
Effect of Tail Docking on Health and Performance on Feedlot Calves Housed in Confined Slotted Floor Facilities

Tail docking of cattle is a management procedure used in many confined slotted floor feedlot operations, particularly in the upper Midwest. The practice is instituted to reduce injury due to tails being stepped on and/or caught in between the slats on slotted floors. This, in turn, is thought to prevent subsequent tail infection, ascending myelitis, septicemia, and lameness caused from these injuries. Although this procedure is performed with the intent to improve animal health and welfare by avoiding injuries, little research has been done to determine whether the practice is neutral, advantageous, or detrimental to the animal and/or production. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance and health of calves that have had their tails docked as part of normal management practices used in midwestern confined slotted barn feedlots when compared to calves without docked tails.
Efficient tensor core-based GPU kernels for structured sparsity under reduced precision

The success of DNN comes at the expense of excessive memory/computation cost, which can be addressed by exploiting reduced precision and sparsity jointly. Existing sparse GPU kernels, however, fail to achieve practical speedup over cuBLASHgemm under half-precision. Those for fine-grained sparsity suffer from low data reuse, and others for coarse-grained sparsity are limited by the wrestling between kernel performance and model quality under different grain sizes. We propose column-vector-sparse-encoding that has a smaller grain size under the same reuse rate compared with block sparsity. Column-vector-sparse-encoding can be applied to both SpMM & SDDMM, two major sparse DNN operations. We also introduce the Tensor-Core-based 1D Octet Tiling that has efficient memory access and computation patterns under small grain size. Based on these, we design SpMM and SDDMM kernels and achieve 1.71-7.19x speedup over cuSPARSE. Practical speedup is achieved over cuBLASHgemm under >70% and >90% sparsity with 4x1 grain size and half-precision.
Evidence of Heterogeneity in the Direction and Magnitude of Narrative Effects on Transportation and Counterarguing Across Three Independent Samples

We report on 3 studies that reexamine two well-studied mechanisms of narrative persuasion, transportation and counterarguing, with two secondary data analyses and a preregistered follow-up experiment featuring identical messages and measures. This project employed internal replication, an undervalued method in communication research, to explore the stability of findings across three samples—a large national sample of U.S. adults (Study 1, secondary data analysis), a sample of U.S. state legislators (Study 2, secondary data analysis), and a convenience sample from Prolific, an online crowdsourcing platform (Study 3, preregistered follow-up study). Results show substantial evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity: a narrative message produced significantly less transportation than a nonnarrative message in Study 1, but the same narrative produced significantly more transportation in Study 3. The narrative also produced more counterarguing in Study 1 and Study 2, but not in Study 3. Indirect effects models revealed different patterns across the 3 studies. Such heterogeneity of the exact same treatment across different samples and populations highlights the need to qualify broad claims of generalizability of seemingly well-established narrative mechanisms.
Beugung am Raumgitter

Nachdem im vorigen Kapitel die Bedeutung der Beugung von Elektronen fur den Abbildungsvorgang im Elektronenmikroskop beschrieben worden war, sollen jetzt die wichtigsten Gesetzmasigkeiten der Elektronenbeugung, bewertet nach ihrer Wichtigkeit fur die angewandte Elektronenmikroskopie, besprochen werden.
A Plainview Kill/Butchering Locale On The Llano Est Acado-The Lubbock Lake Site

AbstractThe Lubbock Lake site is a multi-component, stratified locality on the Llano Estacada (Southern High Plains). Part of a Plainview (Paleo-Indian) period bison kill/butchering locale is being excavated. Cultural designation is based on recovered projectile points, stratigraphic position, and radiocarbon dates. Tool assemblage consists of lithic and bone expediency tool kits. Geological, faunal, and paleoenvironmental settings create an interpretative framework for the cultural event. Only part of the Plainview lifeway system is reflected at the site. The locale represents a different level of social organization than seen at other Plainview period bison kill sites. Preliminary statements include a few differences and similarities between excavated Plainview sites.
You. An Introduction to Paul Celan

The poet Paul Celan lived from 1920 to 1970. In this respect he is post modern: someone who inherits the problems and values of those people who lived between the 1890's and the 1930's. He is also a post-war poet: he wrote most of his poems after the war, with a steady, incredulous eye upon Europe's abrupt return to "normalcy," and today Celan is regarded as the great Ger man-language poet of the second half of this century, extending a speculative tradition in German poetry that runs from H?lderlin in the eighteenth century through Trakl and Rilke in the twentieth.
Island Networks: Communication, Kinship, and Classification Structures in Oceania

List of figures, tables, and maps Preface Acknowledgements 1. Island networks and graphs 2. Trees 3. The minimum spanning tree problem 4. Search trees I 5. Search trees II 6. Centrality 7. Dominating sets 8. Digraphs 9. Conclusion References Index.
Response of South Platte to Effluent Limitations

The South Platte river system is typical of many stream systems in the arid west. A computer simulation model was used to project the water quality improvements resulting from implementation of 1977, 1983, and 1985 effluent quality limitation requirements of PL 92-500 for all waste discharges in the basin. Implementation of PL 92-500 will result in continued good quality of waters in the mountains zone. The results of the simulation showed that sufficient improvements of water quality in the plains zone will be achieved by 1983 to permit fish propagation and recreation. However, improvement in water quality alone in the plains zone will result in few benefits at very high cost. Their achievement is essentially precluded by the modifications brought about by intense human uses of the stream and associated lands and by the limiting natural characteristics of the plains system.
Medical Education and the Minority Student

Any discussion about medical education and minorities must consider the weakness of the medical-education process as it impacts on all students. While the skills of the surgeon may be distinct from those of the internist, both skills are superimposed on a general base that assumes that students should be well versed in all the basic sciences. Since the report of the Carnegie Commission in 1910 (more popularly known as the Flexner Report) prescribed that medical education should include training in the basic sciences (e.g., biochemistry, anatomy, and microbiology) and clinical preceptorships, the medical curriculum has changed very little. Although student activism in the late 1960s led many schools to increase the number of optional courses in the last two years of training and to include community medicine as an area of speciality, these changes have had a minimal impact on medical education per se and thereby on the product of that education, that is, the practicing physician.
Effects of Disaggregation on Managerial Assessment Center Validity

Assessment center validity data from a large, international petrochemical company were disaggregated by managerial level and business stream. As with previous research, the correlations were higher for the current job grade criterion than for performance ratings. Overall, disaggregating the data did not have the effect of increasing the assessment center—performance rating validities. However, when the validation data were disaggregated by business stream, there were differences in the pattern of the relationships between assessment factors and performance.
The permselectivity of ion-exchange membranes for non-electrolyte liquid mixtures : I. Separation of alcohol/water mixtures with nafion hollow fibers

Abstract The separation of alcohol/water mixtures by Nafion hollow fiber membranes is reported; water is the preferred permeate. The permeation rates and separations were shown to be highly dependent on the type of counter-ions. For the alkali cation series, flux decreases in the following sequence: H > Li > Na > K > Cs. This sequence is reversed for the separation factor. Thus, for the azeotropic feed composition of isopropanol/water, Cs+ displays a separation factor of 56 and Li+ of 10 when coupled with relatively high permeation rates of 100—2000 g/m2-hr (for membranes of 90μm thickness). These flux and separation factors are conspicuously high compared to other polymer membrane systems. Compared to mono- and divalent ions, trivalent ions display uncommonly low separations even at low permeation rates. The apparent energy of activation of transport, as measured in pervaporation, is less than 6 kcal/mol for both feed components, indicative of transport through discrete paths. The absorption studies indicate strong synergisms associated with an extensive swelling of the membrane, displaying a maximum when exposed to ∼ 21 mole% alcohol solution. This study reaffirms that ion-exchange membranes can be used to efficiently separate liquid mixtures and that without changing the membrane in the permeator, mass transport characteristics can be altered at will merely by loading the membrane with the proper counter-ion(s).
Effect of line broadening mechanisms on resonance Raman excitation profiles: A possible method for measuring short lifetimes

Abstract The structure of a Raman excitation profile is shown to depend on the nature of the mechanism responsible for the lineshape in the absorption spectra. In principle, this makes it possible to separate line broadening corresponding to the lifetime of the excited state from solvent-induced broadening.
Infra-red spectra of acetaldehyde-ammonia

Abstract Infra-red spectra of acetaldehyde-ammonia and its derivatives have been investigated. The spectrum of the crystalline acetaldehyde-ammonia is interpreted on the basis of C3v site symmetry of the (CH3CHNH)3 ring and the CH and NH bending frequencies are discussed in detail. There is evidence that water molecules are hydrogen bonded within the water ring (O-HṫO) and to the substituted triazine ring (O-HṫN). An interpretation of the spectrum of the dehydrated derivative is given.
Grain-size stabilization in nanocrystalline FeZr alloys

Nanocrystalline Fe–Zr alloys with a nominal grain size of 10 nm were synthesized by mechanical alloying. The grain size in pure Fe was >200 nm after annealing for 1 h at T/TM = 0.5. Additions of 1 at.% Zr stabilized the grain size at 50 nm up to T/TM = 0.92. Particle pinning, solute drag and reduction in grain-boundary energy have been proposed as stabilization mechanisms. The stabilization in Fe–Zr alloys is attributed to a reduction in grain-boundary energy due to Zr segregation.
Changes in firing behaviour of an insect motor neurone during development and following experimental surgery

Abstract The firing behaviour of an identified neurone in the cricket was studied using extracellular recording from the axon. In the last nympal instar (preadult developmental stage), the contralateral dorsal longitudinal motor neurone (CDLM) showed spontaneous activity and was excited by air puffs to the head and cerci and by single shocks to the anterior nerve cord. In the normal adult the CDLM did not exhibit these properties. However, responses which were characteristic of the last instar appeared in the adults which had been subjected to any one of the following surgical procedures: (1) central nervous system injuries which separated the CDLM arborization and axon from the soma; (2) operations which injured the central nervous system without cutting the CDLM; and (3) operations which damaged the cuticle only. Since cuticle damage alone was as effective as the more extensive operations, it is suggested that a sufficient cause for the appearance of nymphal firing behaviour in the adult CDLM is cuticle damage. The factor associated with cuticle damage which mediates the changes in activity of the CDLM neurone is not known, but its action does not require the mediation of the CDLM soma.
Mitochondrial import efficiency of ATFS-1 regulates mitochondrial UPR activation.

To better understand the response to mitochondrial dysfunction, we examined the mechanism by which ATFS-1 (activating transcription factor associated with stress–1) senses mitochondrial stress and communicates with the nucleus during the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the key point of regulation is the mitochondrial import efficiency of ATFS-1. In addition to a nuclear localization sequence, ATFS-1 has an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence that is essential for UPRmt repression. Normally, ATFS-1 is imported into mitochondria and degraded. However, during mitochondrial stress, we found that import efficiency was reduced, allowing a percentage of ATFS-1 to accumulate in the cytosol and traffic to the nucleus. Our results show that cells monitor mitochondrial import efficiency via ATFS-1 to coordinate the level of mitochondrial dysfunction with the protective transcriptional response.
The necessity of both plasticity and brittleness in the fracture thresholds of iron

Abstract In order to explain discontinuous brittle cracking in materials subjected to hydrogen, single-crystal and crack/dislocation simulation studies have been made. The computational scheme allows the local stress tensor near a crack in an anisotropic elastic solid with shielding dislocations to be determined. The model system is iron with a load axis perpendicular to the {100} cleavage plane, growth in the macroscopic 〈010〉 direction, and an applied stress intensity of 16 M Pa m1/2. The result is that the elastic stress distribution is translated out from the crack tip by about 23 nm and that large stresses, although not of a singular nature, still exist. These stresses near 20 000 M Pa are sufficient to concentrate dilute solutions of hydrogen to nearly one hydrogen for every iron atom. Such stresses, combined with these extremely high hydrogen concentrations are proposed for the initiation of decohesion which grows locally over 1 μm size areas, as observed experimentally.
Nitrogen-containing compounds in foundry mold emissions.

Nitrogen compounds have been identified in the decomposition products from several commonly used foundry sand binders. These compounds include nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, simple aromatic amines, and isocyanates. The concentrations of these compounds in foundry mold emissions do not appear to be directly related to the nitrogen content of the organic binders. Measurable concentrations were observed in some cases, indicating the necessity for periodic monitoring in the foundry. Adequate ventilation will permit the use of these binders. The substitution of nitrogen-free binders suggests another possible control strategy.
The Shores of Hybridity: Shakespeare and the Mediterranean

Some critics in recent years have tried to shift the focus of Shakespeare’s universe to the Atlantic and make Shakespeare scholarship a branch of New World studies. But Shakespeare’s plays remain centered on the Mediterranean – roughly twenty of his thirty-seven plays have Mediterranean settings. This Mediterranean focus does not, however, mean that Shakespeare’s vision is Eurocentric. In the Renaissance, the Mediterranean was a multicultural world, and recent studies have stressed in particular the important role the Ottoman Empire played in economic, political, and cultural developments in the sixteenth century. In such plays as The Merchant of Venice and Othello Shakespeare looks at the complex interplay of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in Venice and other Mediterranean settings. For Shakespeare, the Mediterranean has a historical as well as a geographic dimension. Almost half of his Mediterranean plays are set in antiquity and reflect his awareness of the classical heritage of the Renaissance.