cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detailed surface and gas-phase chemical kinetics of diamond deposition

A chemical kinetic model is developed that includes detailed descriptions of both gas-phase and surface processes occurring in gas-activated deposition of diamond films on diamond (111) surface. The model was tested by simulating diamond film deposition in a hot-filament reactor using methane-hydrogen, methane-argon, and methane-oxygen-hydrogen gas mixtures. The gas-phase part of the model includes transport phenomena and predicts correctly the measured concentrations of major gaseous species. The surface part of the model reproduces the general experimental trends--the effects of temperature, pressure, initial methane concentration, and the addition of oxygen--for the growth rate and film quality. Analysis of the computational results revealed the factors controlling the growth phenomena. Among several reaction pathways describing deposition of diamond initiated by different gaseous species, including ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}$ and several ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathit{x}}$ species, the H-abstraction--${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-addition mechanism appears to dominate. The key role of hydrogen and oxygen is identified to be the suppression of the formation of aromatic species in the gas phase, which prevents their condensation on the deposition surface. Activation of the growing surface by H atoms and gasification of ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ carbon by OH radicals are other important factors. The developed model does not support the theory of preferential etching by H atoms advanced to explain the kinetic competition between diamond and nondiamond phases. Instead, it establishes the critical role of aromatics condensation and interconversion of ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ and ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ carbon phases mediated by hydrogen atoms.
Theory on the receptor mechanism in color vision.

A theory is proposed to account for the color discrimination in the eye which does not require three different kinds of photochemicals or three different kinds of cones. Color discrimination is accomplished by at least three identical receptors positioned at appropriate positions along the outer segment of each cone. Some examples of color matching diagrams that can be obtained with this theory are compared with the CIE color matching diagram. Some comments are made indicating how it might be possible to get three separate signals from three receptors which all are within one cone.
Father Identification, Achievement, and Occupational Behavior of Rural Youth.

Abstract Comparisons were made between the post high school plans and the adequacy of father identification of male adolescents from rural economically deprived areas. The subjects were divided into two groups, low identification males (LIM) and high identification males (HIM) based on independent evaluators' judgments of the adequacy of their fathers. Each group's responses to a questionnaire concerning future plans and aspirations were compared. In general, the hypotheses predicting that HIM subjects have higher levels of aspiration, more self-confidence and greater satisfaction with school experiences were confirmed by the data.
Biological activity of insect juvenile hormone analogues against the stable fly and toxicity studies in domestic animals

The insect JHAs are effective inhibitors of adult stable fly development. Laboratory and field evaluation studies demonstrated that area application of the analogues to larval breeding sites was efficacious for stable fly control in cattle feed lots and in marine grasses. Analytical methods by quantification with gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was developed to measure residual properties as well as aging and leaching in fly breeding media. The analogues did not interfere with the oviposition and development of the endoparasites,M. raptor andS. endius. Toxicity studies against swine, hamsters, and sheep showed that when compounds of high purity were used that no toxic effects were observed in any of the species.
Palladium-catalyzed oxidative diffusion for tritium extraction from breeder-blanket fluids at low concentrations

Oxidative diffusion can extract hydrogen from metal solutions at extremely low partial pressures. The hydrogen diffuses through a metal membrane and is oxidized to water. The oxidation reaction produces the very low downstream pressures that drive the flux. This method is attractive because the flux can be proportional to the square-root of upstream pressure. For fusion reactors with liquid lithium or lithium-lead alloy breeder blankets, permeation windows provide a simple, cheap tritium extraction method. Interdiffusion rates, separation flux, window size, helium contents, tritium holdup costs, and overall costs are calculated for membranes of palladium-coated zirconium, niobium, vanadium, nickel and stainless-steel. For extracting tritium from liquid lithium using the cheapest windows, Zr-Pd, the material and labor cost is 8.0 M$ at 1 wppm, and is inversely proportional to tritium concentration in the lithium. The tritium holdup cost for the windows is 4.8 M$, and for the blanket it is proportional to the blanket volume and concentration. An overall economic optimization suggests that 1 to 1.5 wppm in lithium is optimal. For extracting tritium from 17Li83Pb at 0.26 wppb, the cheapest window is V-Pd; the cost is 2.6 M$, and the tritium holdup is negligible.
Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the Coronary Artery of a Patient with Coronary Atherosclerosis

Background: Atherosclerosis is pathologically similar to a chronic inflammatory response. Recent reports have suggested that Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclero...
CHARLES SCHMITT PRIZE ESSAY 2011: ‘Brothers, Come North’: the Rural South and the Political Imaginary of new Negro Radicalism, 1917–1923

For each tendency, the goal of political action was the establishment of an ideal order unconnected to the existing world […]. For each, the substance of political theorizing was a hermetic exercis...
Insignificant Betas and the Efficacy of the Sharpe Diagonal Model for Portfolio Selection

When both practitioners and theorists apply Sharpe's diagonal model [15] to simplify the portfolio selection problem, they assume that the entire covariation structure of each stock (i.e., with all other stocks) is captured in that stock's covariance with the market (or β). Furthermore, it is well known that the selection algorithm itself has a marked tendency to select stocks with the lowest βs, ceteris paribus. When a stock's β is statistically indistinguishable from zero, it is an empirical issue whether the market model is (a) less appropriate for that particular stock relative to those with statistically significant βs; or is (b) a viable model in that the covariance of this stock's rate-of-return with all other stocks' rates-of-return vanishes. The objective of this paper is to distinguish empirically between (a) and (b), and to propose a heuristic which will improve the ex-post performance of the diagonal model. The possible benefits of this heuristic are also demonstrated in a rigorous statistical framework.
Effects of botulinum toxin-induced paralysis on postnatal development of the supraspinatus muscle

The mechanical environment plays an important role in musculoskeletal tissue development. The present study characterized changes in supraspinatus muscle due to removal of mechanical cues during postnatal development. An intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) was used to induce and maintain paralysis in the left shoulders of mice since birth while the right shoulders received saline and served as contralateral controls. A separate group of animals was allowed to develop normally without any injections. Muscles were examined postnatally at various time points. The maximum isometric tetanic force generated by the muscle was significantly reduced in the BTX group compared to saline and normal groups. The paralyzed muscles were smaller and showed significant muscle atrophy and fat accumulation on histologic evaluation. Myogenic genes myogenin, myoD1, myf5, myf6, and fast type II myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform were significantly upregulated while slow type I MHC isoform was significantly downregulated in the BTX group. Adipogenic genes C/EBPα, PPARγ2, leptin, and lipoprotein lipase were significantly upregulated in the BTX group. Results indicate that reduced muscle loading secondary to BTX-induced paralysis leads to fat accumulation and muscle degeneration in the developing muscle. Understanding the molecular and compositional changes in developing supraspinatus muscles may be useful for identifying and addressing the pathological changes that occur in shoulder injuries such as neonatal brachial plexus palsy.
Advantages of laparoscopic palliative surgery in upper GI tract cancer

Generally, the resection rate in advanced oesophageal and gastric carcinoma varies between 30 and 50% and palliative surgery results in 5 year survival of below 15% (1, 2). These data demonstrate that patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer rarely benefit from extensive operative procedures and therefore non-surgical palliation should be considered. In spite of advances in diagnostic studies, it still remains a challenge to correctly define the extent of the disease, especially in oesophageal and gastric cancer. Consequently, exact assessment of resectability and curability of cancer of the upper GI tract is frequently achieved only by laparotomy. However, a high rate of exploratory laparotomy is found in these patients because of nonresectable disease or disseminated tumour spread and this procedure has been associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Serious complications related to laparotomy have been reported in 15-25% of patients with gastric cancer resulting in a mortality of about 25% (3). Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive technique that enables sensitive assessment of intra-abdominal tumour spread. Besides the diagnostic application, this technique may be useful for surgical palliation in advanced GI tract cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of laparoscopy on staging and palliation of advanced upper GI tract cancer.
Effects of Mg Content on Zn1-xMgxO:Al Transparent Conducting Films

Conductive zinc oxide (ZnO) films are used extensively as transparent electrodes in thin-film photovoltaic solar cells. Compared with the widely used indium tin oxide (ITO) and tin oxide (SnO2), ZnO has a smaller optical bandgap. ZnO is commonly used as a front contact for copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells, but it forms a small, unfavorable conduction-band offset with the CdS layer. The optical bandgap of ZnO could easily be engineering by alloying with MgO or CdO. In this work, we try to optimize the ZnO for CIGS solar cells. The optical and electrical properties of Zn1-xMgxO:Al films fabricated by co-sputtering were studied. Two targets: ZnO:Al and MgO, were used. The ratio of ZnO/MgO was varied continuously on the 6”x6” glass substrate, and the effects of composition on the properties of the Zn1-xMgxO:Al films were investigated. The carrier concentration and mobility of the Zn1-xMgxO:Al films decreased quickly with increasing Mg content. However, the optical properties of the Zn1-xMgxO:Al films do not vary linearly with Mg content, as reported by most papers. The observed optical bandgap of Zn1-xMgxO:Al films is actually first narrowed, then increased with the Mg content. The shift in optical bandgap from narrow to wide occurs at around a composition of x = 0.07. After the point of x = 0.07, the bandgap width star increase but film sheet resistance already too low. Our result therefore suggests that the alloyed Zn1-xMgxO:Al does not benefit the CIGS solar cell.
Bruising of apples in four different packages using simulated truck vibration

This paper presents the effects of truck vibration and packaging systems on the bruising of apples. The study investigated four different types of interior packaging, the foam tray, the paper pulp tray, and two different paperboard partition/box combinations. Testing was done on a vibration table using a random controller driven by a power density spectrum simulating truck trailers with leaf-spring and air-cushion suspensions travelling on expressways. The results showed that the foam tray was the best type of interior packaging followed by the paperboard partitions. The paper pulp tray produced the highest levels of damage. The air-cushion truck suspension showed larger damage levels than the leaf-spring suspension for all package types.
Inhibition of urease by alloxan and alloxanic acid.

EVER since the discovery that alloxan could induce diabetes1 in animals, this compound has been the agent of choice in producing experimental diabetes. While the maximal modifications in the chemical structure of alloxan compatible with maintenance of diabetogenic action are known, its mode of action is still debated. That property of alloxan most frequently implicated in studies on its action is its ability to inhibit a variety of -SH enzymes such as succinoxidase, urease, papain, cathepsin, and the enzyme which acetylates aromatic amines2, although its action is not confined to such enzymes.
Vibronic coupling and line broadening in polyatomic molecules

Abstract The vibronic coupling between quasi-degenerate adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer states is calculated without using the Herzberg-Teller perturbation expansion, and is shown to be strongly dependent on the model chosen.
Pathogenesis and Treatment of the Anemia of Chronic Disease

The anemia of chronic disease may be viewed simply as the anemia that accompanies chronic inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic disorders. Because these conditions are very common, the anemia of chronic disease is one of the most frequent anemias encountered, and is only second in incidence to iron-deficiency anemia. The anemia of chronic disease is primarily an anemia due to underproduction of red cells, with low reticulocyte production, and is most often a normochromic, normocytic anemia. However, in 30% to 50% of patients, the red cells are hypochromic and microcytic and, most often, the serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation are reduced in the presence of adequate iron stores. Although the differential diagnosis includes other underproduction anemias, such as those caused by vitamin and mineral deficiencies, renal failure, endocrinopathies, and myelodysplasia, it generally is easily distinguished from these conditions. Nevertheless, an understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition, as well as a means of alleviating the anemia when the chronic disorder persists, has remained elusive. Recently, major advances have occurred toward understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease and its treatment, and these advances are reviewed.
The role of ACTH in placental steroidogenesis

Summary We have studied the possible function of the placental adrenocorticotrophic hormone-(ACTH-) like substance (PALS) in placental steroidogenesis by measuring oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in term human placental explants incubated with commercially available porcine ACTH 1-39. There was a dose-dependent increase in the E2 and P4 released into the medium at 24 h as compared to controls. At 48 h, no significant effect was noted. Propranolol (10−5 m ) did not block the effect of ACTH on P4 release. The data suggest that ACTH may have a regulatory role on placental steroidogenesis. The possible mechanisms of action of PALS on the placenta and the adrenal are discussed, and the role of PALS in the maintenance of pregnancy and in maternal response to stress is suggested.
A general error-correcting code construction for run-length limited binary channels

A general method is presented for constructing a single-error-correcting, run-length-limited code for the class of input-restricted, binary symmetric channels described by the parameters (d,k), where d is the minimum and k the maximum number of consecutive zeros in any allowable channel input sequence. Upper and lower bounds on the rates of these codes are derived. >
The importance of providing smoking relapse counseling during the postpartum hospitalization.

Objectives: To determine during the postpartum period (a) the most feasible time for addressing smoking relapse, (b) the reasons women relapse, (c) differences in relapse rates in women who receive a counseling intervention in the immediate postpartum period compared to those who do not, and (d) differences in self-reporting of tobacco use compared to cotinine analysis. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Medical center in the Northeast United States and two prenatal care sites. Participants: A nonprobability convenience sample of 62 pregnant women. Intervention: A brief counseling session using empowerment techniques, motivational interviewing, identification of stressors and individual coping strategies, and educational materials. Main Outcomes Measure: Relapse to smoking measured by cotinine analysis and descriptive data collected during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. Results: Fifty-two percent of women relapsed to smoking by the 2nd week postdelivery, identifying rest and relaxation and depression as main factors for relapsing. Chi-square analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups regarding the intervention provided. There was a 39% discrepancy rate between self-reporting of tobacco use and cotinine analysis during pregnancy and a 27% discrepancy rate after delivery. Conclusions: Because of the high occurrence of relapse in the first 2 weeks after delivery, it is imperative that nurses provide interventions to women before their postpartum hospital discharge to prevent smoking relapse. Nurses should also address smoking behaviors each trimester because women stopped smoking at different time intervals and self-reported data were unreliable.
Effects of phosphorus starvation versus limitation on the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus MED4 II: gene expression

Summary Phosphorus (P) availability drives niche differentia- tion in the most abundant phytoplankter in the oceans, the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococ- cus. We compared the molecular response of Prochlorococcus strain MED4 to P starvation in batch culture to P-limited growth in chemostat culture. We also identified an outer membrane porin, PMM0709, which may allow transport of organic phosphorous compounds, rather than phosphate as previously suggested. The expression of three P uptake genes, pstS, the high-affinity phosphate-binding component of the phosphate transporter, phoA, an alkaline phos- phatase, and porin PMM0709, were strongly up- regulated (between 10- and 700-fold) under both P starvation and limitation. pstS exhibits high basal expression under P-replete conditions and is likely necessary for P uptake regardless of P availability. A P-stress regulatory gene, ptrA, was upregulated in response to both P starvation and limitation although a second regulatory gene, phoB, was not. Elevated expression levels (> 10-fold) of phoR, a P-sensing his- tidine kinase, were only observed under conditions of P limitation. We suggest Prochlorococcus in P-limited systems are physiologically distinct from cells sub- jected to abrupt P depletion. Detection of expression of both pstS and phoR in field populations will enable discernment of the present P status of Prochlorococ- cus in the oligotrophic oceans.
Gate exhaustive testing

A gate exhaustive test set applies all possible input combinations to each gate in a combinational circuit, and observes the gate response at an observation point such as a primary output or a scan cell. In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of the gate exhaustive test metric in detecting defective chips, and compare it with the single stuck-at fault, the N-detect, and the transition fault test metrics. Results from the Stanford CRC ELF35 and ELF18 test experiments show that gate exhaustive test sets are more efficient than single stuck-at and N-detect test sets in terms of the ability to detect defective chips and test length. It is also shown that test sets with higher values of the gate exhaustive coverage have better test quality
Fracture mechanics applied to elastomeric composites

Abstract : Griffith introduced a general fracture criterion in 1920: a crack will grow only when enough energy is available in the system to cause further fracture. This simple concept has been applied to various tear processes in elastomeric materials by Rivlin and Thomas and to a variety of adhesive failures by Kendall. Their results are reviewed, with particular reference to the fracture and debonding of elastomeric composites. Two further cases are then considered: the detachment of an elastic matrix from a rigid spherical inclusion and the pull-out of inextensible cords from an elastic block in which they are embedded.
The Impact of Framing and Feedback on Decision Making

Despite active research in the areas of performance feedback and decision framing, the processes of both still present predictive challenges. This paper integrates theories from the fields of perfo...
Loss-Cognizant Pricing in Feed-Forward Networks with Greedy Users

We consider feed-forward packet switched networks with fixed routing and random congestion losses. Users of the network are assumed to be greedy in the sense that each user increases its traffic rate in proportion to profit per packet that it generates. Using a deterministic fluid model, we propose perpacket pricing policies to control packet generation rates of users. The resulting rates are shown to stabilize at local maxima of two suitable choices of social welfare in the network. We give decentralized algorithms for network links to compute their prices in a stateless fashion based on piggybacking control messages on acknowledgements. The obtained analytical conclusions are verified via packet-level simulations.
Development and validation of risk index for cognitive decline using blood-derived markers.

Objective: We sought to develop and validate a risk index for prospective cognitive decline in older adults based on blood-derived markers. Methods: The index was based on 8 markers that have been previously associated with cognitive aging: APOE genotype, plasma β-amyloid 42/40 ratio, telomere length, cystatin C, glucose, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and albumin. The outcome was person-specific cognitive slopes (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination) from 11 years of follow-up. A total of 1,445 older adults comprised the development sample. An index based on dichotomized markers was divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk categories; the risk categories were validated with the remaining sample (n = 739) using linear regression. Amyloid was measured on a subsample (n = 865) and was included only in a secondary index. Results: The risk categories showed significant differences from each other and were predictive of prospective cognitive decline in the validation sample, even after adjustment for age and baseline cognitive score: the low-risk group (24.8%) declined 0.32 points/y (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.46, −0.19), the medium-risk group (58.7%) declined 0.55 points/y (95% CI: −0.65, 0.45), and the high-risk group (16.6%) declined 0.69 points/y (95% CI: −0.85, −0.54). Using the secondary index, which included β-amyloid 42/40 (validation n = 279), the low-risk group (26.9%) declined 0.20 points/y (95% CI: −0.42, 0.01), the medium-risk group (61.3%) declined 0.55 points/y (95% CI: −0.72, −0.38), and the high-risk group (11.8%) declined 0.83 points/y (95% CI: −1.14, −0.51). Conclusions: A risk index based on 8 blood-based markers was modestly able to predict cognitive decline over an 11-year follow-up. Further validation in other cohorts is necessary.
Distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal biomarker C16:1cis11 among neutral, glyco and phospholipids extracted from soil during the reproductive growth of corn $

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi form symbiotic relationships with the majority of land plants and are known for their positive effects on plant P acquisition and soil quality. The extramatrical growth of the mycelium is a key factor in nutrient acquisition by the symbiont. Soil grinding and extraction/fractionation of lipids were used in a field experiment to identify probable sources of the AM biomarker C16:1cis11 and its functional significance during reproductive growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Chambers, enclosed with a 1 mm mesh fabric to allow roots and hyphae to pass into the enclosed soil volume, were installed in two field sites cropped to continuous corn in central Nebraska. The chambers were installed at tasselling and removed after 3, 6 and 9 weeks. Soil from the chambers was analyzed by ester-linked fatty acid (EL-FAME) and chloroform–methanol fatty acid (CM-FAME) analysis. We also separated and analyzed the neutral lipid (NLFA), glycolipid (GLFA) and phospholipid (PLFA) fatty acid fractions. Roller milling the soil gave up to two-fold increases in the recovery of EL- and CM-FAMEs common to saprophytic fungi (C16:0, C18:1cis9, C18:2cis9,12) and AM fungi (C16:0, C16:1cis11, C18:1cis11) but not those specific to bacteria or fauna. Resistant AM fungal structures were enriched in NLFA and GLFA C16:1cis11, but not PLFA, indicating that storage lipids and possibly cell-wall lipids are released by roller milling. Similar proportional increases in C16:1cis11 on roller milling indicates that mild alkaline hydrolysis (EL-FAME) is as inefficient as chloroform–methanol (CM-FAME) in extracting lipids from AM spores. EL- and CM-FAME C16:1cis11 increased by one-third between R5 and R6, indicating C allocation from the plant to the AM fungus during the reproductive stages of corn. This increase was attributed to accumulation of NLFA and GLFA in lipid-containing structures of the extramatrical mycelium and AM structures within roots, not increased sporulation. We propose EL-FAME C16:1cis11 as a simple measure of AM biomass in soils that largely reflects the AM hyphal network important to nutrient acquisition by the plant. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
What Have you Done for me Lately? Release of Information and Strategic Manipulation of Memories*

How should a rational agent (politician/employee/advertiser) release information in order to manipulate the memory imperfections of his forgetful assessor (electorate/supervisor/consumer)? This article attempts to answer this question using a memory model based on the principles of recency, similarity and repetition. I show that the problem of a rational agent who releases information to a forgetful assessor can be modelled as a standard dynamic optimisation problem and we describe the properties of the optimal profile for releasing information. The theoretical results are applicable in a wide range of social and economic contexts, such as political campaigns, employee performance evaluations and advertising strategies.
Effects of drawdowns and dessication on tubers of hydrilla, an exotic aquatic weed

Abstract Subterranean turions (tubers) of hydrilla lose viability when desiccated. Experimental data showed that freshly collected tubers had a moisture content between 50 and 60% and more than 90% viability. When desiccated, there was an approximate 2% increase in tuber mortality with each percent decline in moisture content. However under field conditions, the tuber bank within the exposed sediments of a northern Texas reservoir showed no decline in number or tuber viability throughout a 12-mo continuous drawdown. Apparently, the buried tubers were never subject to sufficient dessication to damage them. Finally, an experimental pond with an extensive hydrilla tuber bank was manipulated through six flood/drawdown cycles to determine the effects of short-term drawdowns on tuber survival and quiescence. Initially, the pond had a tuber bank of about 676 and 305 tubers m−2 in the shallow and deep zones, respectively. Although the tuber number was reduced to fewer than 15 to 30 tubers m−2 by these repetitive ...
Detecting activity-based communities using dynamic membership propagation

Existing literature on network community detection typically exploits the structure of static associations between entities. However, real world network data often consists of observations of coordinated interactions between members who belong to multiple communities. This paper presents a novel perspective and approach for activity-based community detection, where a community is defined as a group of actors engaged in correlated activities over time. Detection is performed by propagating membership iteratively to neighboring nodes through edges that represent interactions. We compare the proposed approach to two state-of-the-art methods based on modularity, and demonstrate its effectiveness on a simulated vehicle movement dataset and the Enron email corpus.
A prospective study of the association among impaired executive functioning, childhood attentional problems, and the development of bipolar disorder

Studies of adults who have been diagnosed with, and treated for, bipolar disorder have shown that these patients exhibit impairment on measures of executive functioning. However, it is unclear whether executive dysfunction precedes the diagnosis of bipolar illness, or develops subsequent to its onset. Moreover, investigators have failed to control for the effects of premorbid attentional problems on cognitive performance in these patients. The present authors explored these questions using data from a longitudinal prospective study of individuals at risk for major mood disorder. Results revealed that 67% of participants who met criteria for bipolar disorder in young adulthood showed impairment on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) when they were assessed during adolescence, as compared with 17% of individuals with no major mood diagnosis, and 19% with unipolar depression. This association between performance on the WCST and bipolar illness was not accounted for by high rates of premorbid attentional disturbance. In fact, among participants with early attentional problems, only those who ultimately developed bipolar disorder exhibited impairment on the WCST. Early attentional problems that preceded unipolar depression or no mood disorder were not associated with executive dysfunction.
The reservoir characterization of the Sea Lion Field

The reservoirs that form the Sea Lion Field comprise a series of canyon-fed fans deposited into a deep, anoxic lake, on the hanging wall of the basin boundary fault. The fans primarily form stratigraphic traps with an element of fault seal on the west flank. These fans are dominated by mass flow and high-density turbidite sands, with subordinate low-density turbidites set within lacustrine shales. The fans mapped on seismic profiles are partitioned into lobes, based on sand bodies penetrated into the wells or the conceptual model where correlation between wells is not possible. Ten facies are identified from core but attempts to discriminate facies met with mixed success. Facies are therefore combined into four associations (‘Rock Types’) for use in dynamic flow modelling. Rock Types are distributed within the fans using a hierarchical reservoir architecture (‘fan-lobe-surge’). This paper describes the reservoir and fluid characteristics, and outlines the challenges associated with converting the detailed geological model into a form suitable for reservoir simulation, while preserving the main reservoir features that will influence fluid movement within the reservoir
Genes and proteins of Escherichia coli K-12 (GenProtEC)

GenProtEc is a database of Escherichia coli genes and their gene products, classified by type of function and physiological role and with citations to the literature for each. Also present are data on sequence similarities among E.coli proteins with PAM values, percent identity of amino acids, length of alignment and percent aligned. The database is available as a PKZip file by ftp from mbl.edu/pub/ecoli.exe. The program runs under MS-DOS on IMB-compatible machines. GenProtEc can also be accessed through the World Wide Web at URL http://mbl.edu/html/ecoli.html.
Performance comparison of heterojunction phototransistors, p-i-n FET's, and APD-FET's for optical fiber communication systems

An analysis of the sensitivity of InGaAs/InP bipolar heterojunction phototransistors (HJPT's) used in pulse code modulated optical communications systems is presented. The minimum detectable power of an HJPT biased at the optimum level is found to increase linearly with bit rate B while because of the fixed transconductance of the FET amplifier, the minimum detectable power of a p-i-n FET increases as B^{3/2} . It is shown that HJPT's can thus have higher sensitivity than p-i-n FET detectors, particularly at high bit rates, and can have comparable sensitivity to APD-FET detectors.
No More 'Bois Ball: The Effect of Relocation from Public Housing on Adolescents.

Over the past decade, tens of thousands of families have been relocated from public housing developments across the United States through HOPE VI redevelopment and demolition. The experiences of yo...
Asset Pricing Implications of Volatility Term Structure Risk

I find that stocks with high sensitivities to changes in the VIX slope exhibit high returns on average. The price of VIX slope risk is approximately 2.5% annually, statistically significant and cannot be explained by other common factors, such as the market excess return, size, book-to-market, momentum, liquidity, market volatility, and the variance risk premium. I provide a theoretical model that supports my empirical results. The model extends current rare disaster models to include disasters of different lengths. My model implies that a downward sloping VIX term structure anticipates a potential long disaster and vice versa.
Understanding the Dynamics of the US External Position

This paper studies the dynamics of the U.S. external position for the past 35 years, and examines alternative paths for future external adjustment. We develop a new present value expression for the external position that embeds the restrictions of international solvency and can be easily empirically evaluated with time series methods. Our empirical model accounts for almost all the variations in the U.S. external position between 1973 and 2008. We estimate that most of the quarter-by-quarter changes in the U.S. external position over this period are due to news about future returns and trade ows, but over long horizons the changes re ect prior expectations about how the U.S. would meet its international nancial obligations. Importantly, we identify the expectations embedded in the current U.S. external position that contain relevant information about the future adjustment paths. These expectations indicate that the half-lives for future adjustment paths towards U.S. external balance are at least 13 years and involve a signicant real depreciation of the dollar.
A Prototype Biomarker Detector Combining Biomarker Extraction and Fixed Temperature PCR

PCR is the most sensitive molecular diagnostic available for infectious diseases. The goal for low-resource settings is a simple, inexpensive instrument. Toward this goal, we previously published a...
Genetically Engineered Multivalent Proteins for Targeted Immunotherapy

mAbs initiated the unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy and are rapidly evolving with multiple therapeutic platforms. One next-generation strategy engineers multivalent proteins that ligate single-chain variable fragments targeting cellular effectors, tumor-associated antigens, and cytokines. These developing therapeutics target and regulate cellular effector bioactivity and significantly improve clinical outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3419-21. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Vallera et al., p. 3440.
Two quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical coupling schemes appropriate for fracture mechanics studies

Many coupled quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods employ disjoint sub domains for the MM and QM regions together with link atoms to ameliorate the effects of severing covalent bonds that straddle the QM/MM interface. In the context of simulations of mechanical properties, this can be problematic because the interactions bet ween the subdomains are then modeled by bonds involving link atoms and such bonds typically do not closely resemble those of the original system. In this paper we consider two coupling schemes that employ overlapping domains. The first is the ONIOM schem e of Morokuma et al. that includes an MM treatment of the entire system together with QM corrections for key subdomains. The second is a new approach that we will refer to as the overlapping domain link atom (ODLA) method. This method involves only a min imal overlap between the QM and MM subdomains. One important advantage of the ODLA scheme as compared to the ONIOM method is that, within the region that is treated entirely by QM methods, chemical interactions can be modeled for which reliable MM potenti als are unavailable. Results of fracture studies of defected graphene sheets obtained with the ONIOM and ODLA methods are compared to benchmark results obtained by an entirely QM treatment. Both coupling methods perform well and the two coupling methods display very close agreement.
Bacillus Proteus OX19 agglutinated by the Serum of Pregnant Women.

Abstract Examinations were made of 1,212 sera of men and women for the agglutination of Proteus OX 19 . Of the 412 sera taken from men, 390 did not agglutinate, while twenty-two did agglutinate the Proteus OX 19 . In the group of 800 sera from women, 288 nonpregnant women gave negative tests, whereas 512 sera gave positive tests. Of these 512 cases, only seven women were not pregnant, but all seven were affected with a malignant tumor. The remaining 505 sera were taken from pregnant women, and all gave positive agglutination tests for Proteus OX 19 . The value of the test for the routine diagnosis of pregnancy is discussed, as well as the possible reasons for the positive results which were encountered in the cases of malignancy and other complications.
Mating and Pupal Attendance in Deinocerites cancer and Comparisons with Opifex fuscus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Males of the crab-hole mosquito, Deinocerites cancer Theobald, spend much time on the water in the crabholes where the aquatic stages are found. They seek pupae, sieze them, and describe circles about the pupal horns with the tips of their antennae. In doing this and in seeking the pupae, the antennal tips are held slightly above the water film and are vibrated rapidly. This behavior may be related to the extreme development of sensilla campaniforma in the antennal tips. A male which is attached to a pupa at emergence time copulates with the new female before the latter is entirely out of the pupal skin, and may remain in copula up to 2 hours; an emerging male is not recognized as such until genitalial contact has been made. Females emerging unattended are contacted by searching males, which copulate with them at once. As do the males of D. cancer , those of the New Zealand rock-pool mosquito, Opifex fuscus Hutton, search for pupae and neonate females, attend pupae, copulate with females as they emerge or soon thereafter, and fight among themselves over pupae, neonate females, and pupal skins. The initial search is guided by vision in Opifex , and by olfaction and some unknown aerodynamic or hydrodynamic mechanism in D. cancer . Consummatory copulation is similar in both genera. Pupal attendance is probably a derivative and recent development from early copulation; early copulation is probably the result of close association of generations on the breeding water; and this in turn is probably the result of limited dispersal because of an unfavorable environment for copulation and survival at any distance from the breeding site.
To Buy or Not to Buy: Consumer Constraints in the Housing Market

Abstract We use a strategic household survey to study the sensitivity of intended homeownership decisions to financing constraints. We find that the average stated likelihood of buying a home is strongly sensitive to the size of the required down payment, which we vary exogenously across three scenarios. This sensitivity is particularly high for respondents that appear more liquidity constrained based on observable characteristics (including current renters, or owners with low savings or low home equity). For renters, expectations of future rent inflation and of improvements to their personal financial situation also predict intention to buy.
CONTROL AND MOTIVATION IN SALES MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE COMPENSATION PLAN

Compensation is the method used by sales managers to control and motivate salespeople. This paper discusses the interaction between control and motivation through the compensation plan. Compensation, as used here, is money. The paper includes a discussion of money as a motivator.
Broadening Participation: Arendt and May on Shared Responsibility

In this chapter I confront the major normative objection to collective responsibility, the notion that collective responsibility does not give sufficient attention to individual contributions to harm. I argue that there is a particular kind of distributive collective responsibility — what I have been calling ‘shared responsibility’ — that does not ignore individual contributions to harm. Assigning shared responsibility to members of groups involves widening the notion of contribution to include indirect actions and omissions. It also demands that the intent requirement within the cognitive condition of responsibility be weakened to include recklessness and negligence. Or as Mackie might put it, it demands that we be responsible for acts that are ‘obliquely’ or ‘partly’ intentional as well as for those that are ‘fully’ intentional. I demonstrate that Larry May’s account of shared responsibility adequately justifies widening contribution and weakening intent; however, I ultimately argue that his account is flawed and ought to be amended.
The value of FDG PET/CT in treatment response assessment, follow-up, and surveillance of lung cancer

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to summarize the evidence regarding the role of FDG PET/CT in treatment response assessment and surveillance of lung cancer and to provide suggested best practices. CONCLUSION. FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool for assessing treatment response for patients with lung cancer, though evidence for its comparative effectiveness with chest CT is still evolving. FDG PET/CT is most useful when there is clinical suspicion or other evidence for disease recurrence or metastases. The sequencing, cost analysis, and comparative effectiveness of FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging modalities in the follow-up setting need to be investigated.
Review and systematic placement of the Afrotropical genus Lacconotopedilus Pic (Coleoptera: Mycteridae: Lacconotinae)

The Afrotropical genus Lacconotopedilus Pic is reviewed, based on an examination of 39 adult specimens. The genus belongs in the subfamily Lacconotinae (Mycteridae), on the basis of salient features of the adult. Lacconotopedilus is redescriptionbed and compared with other genera of Lacconotinae and the male of L. singularicornis Pic is descriptionbed for the first time. A diagnosis, descriptionption and distribution map are provided for the two constituent species.
TAPAS: Temperature-aware Adaptive Placement for 3D Stacked Hybrid Caches

3D integration enables large last level caches (LLCs) to be stacked onto a die. In addition, emerging Non Volatile Memories (NVMs) such as Spin-Torque Transfer RAM (STT-RAM) have been explored as a replacement for traditional SRAM-based LLCs due to their higher density and lower leakage power. In this paper, we aim to use the benefits of the integration of STT-RAM in a 3D multi-core environment. The main challenge we try to address is the high operating temperatures. The higher power density of 3D ICs might incur temperature-related problems in reliability, power consumption, and performance. Specifically, recent works have shown that elevated operating temperatures can adversely impact STT-RAM performance. To alleviate the temperature-induced problems, we propose TAPAS, a low-cost temperature-aware adaptive block placement and migration policy, for a hybrid LLC that includes STT-RAM and SRAM structures. This technique places cache blocks according to their temperature characteristics. Specifically, the cache blocks that heat up a hot bank are recognized and migrated to a cooler bank to 1) enable those blocks to get accessed in a cooler bank with lower read/write latency and 2) reduce the number of accesses to the hotter bank. We design and evaluate a novel flow control mechanism to assign priorities to those cache blocks to reach their destination. Evaluation results reveal that TAPAS achieves, on average, 11.6% performance improvement, 6.5% power, and 5.6°C peak temperature reduction compared to a state-of-the art hybrid cache design.
Conversion in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: Are short-term outcomes worse than with open surgery?

The aim of the present study was to compare the perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent planned open colectomy to those who were converted to an open. All patients who underwent elective colectomy were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program using procedure-targeted database (2012–2014). Patients were divided into two groups: open (planned) versus converted. Perioperative outcomes were compared. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the propensity of unplanned conversion as opposed to open surgery. There were 21,437 patients; 17,366 (81.0%) in the open group and 4071 (19.0%) in the converted group. Operative time was longer in the converted group (212 ± 99 vs. 182 ± 111 min, p < 0.001), and hospital stay was longer in the open group (10.5 ± 9.3 vs. 8.7 ± 7.7 days, p < 0.001). Difference in morbidity rate (37.6% open vs. 34.5% converted, p < 0.001) was no longer significant once confounders were adjusted. Specific complications were similar except for superficial surgical site infection (SSI) rate, which was significantly lower in open group (odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.76–0.97, p = 0.010). The current study showed that conversion of laparoscopic colectomy to an open approach was associated with slight increase in superficial SSI rate but shorter hospital stay compared to planned open.
The COMET Framework: How Global Brands Create Value

In the daily grind of global brand management, many marketing executives get hung up on customer preference for global over local brands. Yet customers may not even know or may not care that a brand is globally available. And many global brands, such as Aldi, Pampers, Gillette, Dove, and Heinz do not tout their globalness, perhaps because some customers reject global brands as signs of cultural homogenization or foreign hegemony. A singular focus on customer preference for global brands is far too narrow. In my research, I have observed five different ways that global brands create value for their firms, namely Customer, Organizational, Marketing, Economic, and Transnational innovation (Fig. 1). The COMET framework helps executives to map out ways for their companies to create global brand value. This chapter describes all five ways and then provides a scorecard for management teams to step back and see their global brands anew.
Revisiting Attributes: How Important Is Green in the Consumer Selection of Hotel Rooms?

ABSTRACTConsumers’ buying behavior is not always consistent with their positive attitude, particularly toward environmentally friendly products. In a survey of 197 travelers, the relative importance consumers ascribe to the attribute of green was assessed. Through a multi-methods study involving interviews, focus groups discussions, and forced-choice experiments that simulate market buying situation, it was found that consumers’ selection of hotel rooms is still much dictated by traditional choice factors. Through a conjoint analysis, it was found that consumers highly prioritized the price attribute. The green attribute was assigned a low relative importance of 4% among the respondents. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.