cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competitiveness of Turkey in Organic Olive and Olive Oil Sector

Along with the growing interest in healthy living and nutrition in the world, the importance of production and consumption of wild olive and olive oil has been increasing in recent years. The competitiveness of industry in Turkey, not only to olive production, interest in the processing industry and commerce has boosted. Investments in olive and olive oil sectors from different sectors have increased. Starting from this approach, which is located in Turkey's two major export products of olive and olive oil sector has been the subject of this study. Comparative Export Performance (CEP) index was used to measure the competitiveness of the sector. The study covers the years 2005-2017. According to the findings obtained with the CEP index, it is seen that we do not have a competitive advantage in the olive oil sector and we have a competitive advantage in the olive sector against Egypt and Argentina. However, it has been determined that we do not have the same advantage against Spain, Greece and Morocco. Despite these results are included in Turkey's exports in the first two products in 10 countries.
Assessing the Visual Comfort, Visual Interest of Sunlight Patterns, and View Quality under Different Window Conditions in an Open-Plan Office

Sunlight is a multisensory phenomenon that can enhance occupant’s comfort, health, and connection to the outside environment through its dynamic luminous and thermal attributes. One gap in the exis...
Physical activity and perceived benefits, but not barriers, to exercise differ by sex and school year among college students.

To assess whether sex or school year influence physical activity and exercise (PA/EX) behaviors and perceived benefits and barriers of PA/EX among college students. Participants: Participants were ...
Sex Feelings: A Mediated Group Path Analysis of the Association of Perceptions of Parent Communicated Sexual Values with Sexual Attitudes and Outcomes in Emerging Adulthood.

Although communication between parents and children about sexually transmitted diseases and avoiding unwanted pregnancy has been shown to be effective in increasing safe sex practices, parents also...
Juvenile Court Outcomes for Retail Offenders: An Examination of Offense Type, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity:

Using all delinquency referrals in a Northeast state, the current study examined how youth charged with retail offenses differed from other offense types across multiple juvenile court outcomes (i....
Parent math anxiety predicts early number talk

Differences in children's math knowledge emerge as early as the start of kindergarten, and persist throughout schooling. Previous research implicates the importance of early parent number talk in the development of math competency. Yet we understand little about the factors that relate to variation in early parent number talk. The current study examined the relation of parent math anxiety and family socioeconomic status (SES) to parent number talk with children under the age of three (n = 36 dyads). For the first time, we show preliminary evidence that parent math anxiety (MA) predicts the amount of number talk children hear at home, beyond differences accounted for by SES. We also found a significant SES by parent MA interaction such that parent MA was predictive of higher-SES parents' number talk but not that of lower-SES parents. Furthermore, we found that these relations were specific to parents' cardinal number talk (but not counting), which has been shown to be particularly important in children's math development.
DRIVER PREFERENCES FOR ADJUSTABLE DISTANCE CONTROL LABELS FOR AN ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC) SYSTEM

This paper reports on a study which evaluated driver preferences for labeling adjustable distance control for an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system. A computer prototype of an ACC was used by participants as they were asked to provide their preferences for two types of labels: shared controls for both speed and distance, and a separate control for distance only.
Down Syndrome and Fathering: An Exploration of Ambiguous Loss

Fathers of children with Down syndrome (DS) described their attitudes and coping behaviors, responses were evaluated in the context of Ambiguous Loss theory, using a person-oriented, mixed-methods approach. In general, the fathers expressed the ambiguity of loving the child they had while mourning a life they may have anticipated. Three clusters of fathers (Mastering, Connecting, and Thriving) were identified and described. Mastering cluster fathers used action-oriented coping strategies to manage their life. Connecting cluster fathers engaged in outreach activities related to DS. Thriving cluster fathers embraced their life and reframed their experiences as giving them a sense of purpose or higher meaning. Ambiguous loss theory provided a non-deficit lens to better understand this group of fathers of children with DS.
Stereoelectronic Effects on the Conformation and Kinetics of Nucleophilic : Displacement reactions in epimeric six-membered ring phosphonate diesters

Abstract Epimeric cyclic six-membered ring phosphonate phenyl esters, cis- and trans-2-phenoxy-2-oxo-trans-4,5-tetramethylene-l,2-oxaphosphorinane, 7a and 7b were synthesized and shown to exist in chair conformations for the phosphorinane ring. Configurational and conformational analyses of the esters were accomplished through analysis of the 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectral data. Epimerization of the aryl phosphonate diesters 7a and 7b gave an equilibrium ratio of 89.5:10.5 (trans;cis), consistent with the ground state stereoelectronic or anomeric effect. Methanolysis in sodium methoxide proceeds with 100% inversion of configuration for both epimeric phenyl esters, consistent with placing the six-membered ring in a diequatorial position of a trigonal bipyramidal pentacovalent intermediate. The small difference in rate between the aryl ester epimers (the equatorial ester reacts faster by a factor of 5–8 fold) is consistent with this mechanism and the kinetic stercoelectronic effect.
Socially Responsible Investing

SRI directs capital to socially responsible companies. Its fundamental principle is the alignment of financial goals and social/environmental responsibility. The article provides insights on the history of SRI, which can be traced all the way to the seventeenth century. However, especially from the mid-1990s onwards, SRI has been characterized by rapid growth. It distinguishes and elaborates on three SRI strategies that have evolved over time: screening, shareholder advocacy, and community investment. The article points out that SRI does not merely offer equal returns than conventional investments, but often outperforms the market. As such, SRI will become an important driver for responsible business practices. Keywords: socially responsible investment; corporate social performance; corporate social responsibility; shareholder advocacy; community investment; positive screening; negative screening; avoidance investing; general market indexes; “good business”
Advanced Techniques and Algorithms for Reservoir Simulation, IV: Multiblock Solvers and Preconditioners

A parallel domain decomposition algorithm reduces the multiblock multiphase algebraic system to a nonlinear interface (mortar) problem. It is solved by an inexact Newton-GMRES method. Physics-based GMRES preconditioners are constructed for various choices of primary mortar variables.
Timing of Enzyme Synthesis During Outgrowth of Spores of Bacillus cereus II. Relationship Between Ordered Enzyme Synthesis and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication

Abstract Experiments were carried out to determine whether, during outgrowth of bacterial spores, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication provided the basis by which ordered transcription was controlled. During outgrowth, significant DNA synthesis does not occur until just prior to the onset of cell division. However, incorporation of radioactive DNA precursors into DNA is observed within 5 to 10 min after the initiation of germination. By employing a thymine-requiring auxotroph and 3H-bromodeoxyuridine, this incorporation appears to be a result of DNA replication and not repair synthesis. For the following reasons it was concluded that, during outgrowth, transcriptional processes were not ordered by DNA replication. (i) In a thymine auxotroph, thymine addition did not alter the periodicity of induced α-glucosidase and histidase synthesis during outgrowth. (ii) DNA synthesis was inhibited 80% by 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FUdR), and, after a 5-min lag, completely by mitomycin C, but these inhibitors exerted a differential effect on induced histidase synthesis. Enzyme synthesis was insensitive to FUdR but was inhibited by mitomycin C, presumably as a result of cross-linking of the complementary DNA strands.
Optimisation of integrated RF varactors on a 0.35 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology

Integrated varactors are becoming a common feature for many RF designs and in particular RF voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). Optimisation of the quality of both the inductor and the varactor from the VCO core is essential. This work details the characterisation and optimisation of a number of varactor types available on a typical sub-micron BiCMOS process. Engineering of the bottom plate of the varactor was used to optimise the quality factor of the varactor. No additional mask layers or processing steps were required to achieve this. Integrated isolated diode varactors with quality factors of 30 at 2 GHz have been demonstrated with tuning capacitance ranges of 2.5. Integrated MOS capacitor varactors with quality factors of 50 at 2 GHz have been demonstrated with tuning capacitance range of 5.
Enhancing adolescent girls’ argument skills in reasoning about personal and non-personal decisions

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate (a) the effectiveness of an intervention in developing adolescents’ argument skills regarding a decision on a topic of high potential personal relevance (teen pregnancy) or one of general social relevance (capital punishment), and (b) differential effects of the two topics in promoting the generalization of skills to a new topic. Thirty 14–15-year-old adolescent girls participated in an intervention on one of the two topics. The 16 sessions of the intervention were identical except for topic. Argument skills were assessed on both topics at pretest and posttest. Both interventions were effective in developing rudimentary argument skills, but only the intervention focusing on the personally relevant topic resulted in transfer to the less personal topic. Transfer in the opposite direction did not occur.
The Many Meanings of Marriage: Divergent Perspectives Seeking Common Ground:

There are many stakeholders in the societal discussions about marriage. The first section of this article considers the meaning of marriage among the major world religions. Then the focus shifts to the meaning of marriage among those who experience same-sex attraction, particularly those who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual (GLB). These broad groups (religious and GLB) are hardly monolithic in their understanding of the meaning of marriage and their approach to same-sex unions. It may be helpful for all involved to understand what marriage symbolizes to various parties, and how the symbolic meaning of marriage may make meaningful dialogue difficult.
Alveolar Macrophage Secretory Products Augment the Response of Rat Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation

Background Endothelial cell activation is an important response to ischemia and reperfusion in a variety of vascular beds. Endothelial cells secrete a multitude of proinflammatory mediators and express adhesion molecules that promote leukocyte recruitment into injured tissues. Pulmonary artery endothelial cell response to lung ischemia–reperfusion injury does not appear robust enough to drive the development of lung injury independently. Rather, the alveolar macrophage is the key cell in the development of ischemia–reperfusion injury of the lung. Macrophages are known to be a rich source of inflammatory mediators, but the precise mechanism whereby they amplify injury is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether alveolar macrophage secretory products amplify the response of the endothelial cell using an in vitro model of lung reperfusion injury. Methods Macrophages were exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation and the media collected. Cultured endothelial cells were then exposed to macrophage media and maintained at normoxia or subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. To assess any reciprocal effects of endothelial cell products on macrophage activation, macrophages were likewise exposed to activated endothelial cell media. Results Exposure of endothelial cells to activated alveolar macrophage media enhanced chemokine secretion in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. In the reciprocal experiment, activated endothelial cell media increased the production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α from macrophages. Conclusions Alveolar macrophages drive the development of lung reperfusion injury, by enhancing the production of proinflammatory chemokines from endothelial cells, which impart a degree of positive feedback on alveolar macrophages.
3D microfilter device for viable circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment from blood

Detection of circulating tumor cells has emerged as a promising minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic tool for patients with metastatic cancers. We report a novel three dimensional microfilter device that can enrich viable circulating tumor cells from blood. This device consists of two layers of parylene membrane with pores and gap precisely defined with photolithography. The positions of the pores are shifted between the top and bottom membranes. The bottom membrane supports captured cells and minimize the stress concentration on cell membrane and sustain cell viability during filtration. Viable cell capture on device was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and immunofluorescent staining using model systems of cultured tumor cells spiked in blood or saline. The paper presents and validates this new 3D microfiltration concept for circulation tumor cell enrichment application. The device provides a highly valuable tool for assessing and characterizing viable enriched circulating tumor cells in both research and clinical settings.
A new software package for predictive gene regulatory network modeling and redesign.

The efficacy of a newly created software package for predictive modeling of developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) has recently been demonstrated (Peter et al., 2012). The program GeNeTool computes spatial gene expression patterns based on GRN interactions and thereby allows the direct comparison of predicted and observed spatial expression patterns. GeNeTool also permits in silico exploration of both cis- and trans- perturbations of GRN interactions. Here, we present this program, review briefly its major features and applications, and provide a detailed and accessible tutorial.
Fourier Transform spectrometry at low resolution: how low can you go?

ABSTRACT The advantages of measuring infrared spectra at low resolution are discussed from both a theoreticaland practical standpoint. Multicomponent analysis of materials with strongly overlapping bands canbe achieved at resolutions at least an order of magnitude greater than the full-width at half heightof the narrowest bands in the spectrum of any component. Discriminant analysis of vapor-phasespectra can be performed at a resolution of 50cm1 without significant loss of accuracy.2. INTRODUCTIONThe origins of high performance rapid-scanning Fourier transform infrared spectrometers of the type that dominate today's market may be easily traced back over 30 years to the small "cube" interferometer originally developed by Block Engineering at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Thisremarkable little instrument, a photograph of which is shown in Figure 1 , was the first interferometerin which the mirror was scanned rapidly enough that the incident radiation was modulated in theaudio-frequency range. Like most of today's interferometers, a voice-coil transducer was used todrive the moving mirror and the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum was increased by signal-averaging interferograms. Of course, not all features of contemporary FT-JR spectrometers parallelthose of the Block "cube", as the latter instrument predated the commercial development of smallHe-Ne lasers, pyroelectric bolometers and personal computers by several years. Nevertheless, some
Six sigma process improvement in the emergency department: A pilot study using statistical process control methods to analyze ecg times in the emergency department

Study objectives: The American Heart Association's recommendation for ECG times for acute chest pain patients in the emergency department (ED) is 10 minutes as measured from the time of the patient's arrival until the time of physician interpretation. Considering the importance of rapid intervention for these patients, the ideal goal would be to obtain 100% of all ECGs for these patients within the requisite time. Processes, whether man-made or natural, follow a Gaussian distribution. Statistical process control (SPC) as described in the literature outlines a method for accurately and rapidly making sense out of process data to identify random (unavoidable) versus special-cause (correctable) variation. Ultimately, this method allows one to identify correctable causes of variation and institute rapid cycle improvements. In this pilot study, we examined our ED data and applied SPC methods to determine whether SPC might be useful in examining clinical processes. Methods: The times to obtain ECGs were recorded for 1 month for all acute chest pain patients admitted to the ED during June and July 2003. The data were collated and analyzed using SPC methods and plotted on standard SPC run charts. Results: The average time overall from ECG order to completion was 9.4 minutes. For day shifts, ECG acquisition times averaged 7.4 minutes and for night shifts 10 minutes. More important, the run charts indicated significant variability in acquisition times. For day shifts, the time to obtain an ECG ranged from 1.3 to 13.5 minutes, and for night shifts, 1.9 to 18.1 minutes. Conclusion: The ED is an integral part of the team caring for acute chest pain patients. As such, we have a responsibility to expedite their diagnosis and begin definitive care. As per SPC definitions and rules, our process was shown to be "out of control" or "unstable." Evaluation of the run chart data allowed us to identify operator and process issues amenable to improvement. Through the use of these data, we should be able to achieve significant improvements.
Defect structure of neutron irradiated boron carbide

Abstract Boron carbide irradiated in thermal and fast reactor neutron spectra at 500 to 840°C up to 81% 10B burnup has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Helium bubbles formed by agglomeration of helium from the 10B (n,α)7 Li reaction constitute the only visible form of irradiation-induced damage. The helium bubbles tend to have a disc-like morphology with the plane of the disc parallel to (111). Strong lattice strain fields around the bubbles evidenced a lack of thermal equilibrium. Bubble nucleation was influenced markedly by grown-in dislocations and stacking faults. Bubble coalescence, either by impingement or enhanced by bubble stress fields frequently gave rise to both trans- and intergranular microcracking. The significance of these observations on gas release and swelling of boron carbide are discussed briefly.
Drawing marks, acts, and reacts: Toward a computational sketching interface for architectural design

Architects use sketching and diagramming in their design process to perform functional reasoning, formal arrangements, analogy transfer, structure mapping, and knowledge acquisition. This paper describes a research framework of the author's efforts in the studies of design drawings and the building of computational sketching tools to support the early conceptual design process in architecture. The first part of the paper discusses empirical studies conducted to determine or guess a designer's thought process from sketches and thus identifies domain-specific graphical symbols. It proposes a reasoning process framework of drawing marks, acts, and reacts. The second part of the paper illustrates how design support tools could be developed based on these concepts and describes the various applications of the study, such as indexing and retrieving of design drawings or images based on the recognition of geometric shapes and the spatial relationships among them.
Autoimmune T cell recognition of human acetylcholine receptor : the sites of T cell recognition in myasthenia gravis on the extracellular part of the α subunit

Autoimmune T cell lines were prepared from peripheral blood lymphocytes of five myasthenia gravis patients by passage in vitro with an equimolar mixture of 18 overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the entire extracellular region (residues alpha 1-210) of the alpha subunit of human acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The proliferative responses of the human AChR-specific T cell lines to each of the individual peptides were determined. It was found that the profiles of the peptides recognized by the T cells were different among the five T cell lines, consistent with genetic control operating at the recognition site level. However, other regulatory influences may play important roles in the triggering of the autoimmune responses. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease is variable at the cellular-molecular level.
RNA viruses: genome structure and evolution

The explosive pace of sequencing of RNA viruses is leading to rapid advances in our understanding of the evolution of these viruses and of the ways in which their genomes are organized and expressed. New insights are coming not only from genomic nucleotide sequence comparisons, but also from direct sequencing of transcribed mRNAs and of RNAs that serve as intermediates in replication.
The Relationship Between Religiosity and Cancer Screening Among Vietnamese Women in the United States: The Moderating Role of Acculturation

In this study the authors explore the relationship between intrinsic, personal extrinsic, and social extrinsic religiosity to breast and cervical cancer screening efficacy and behavior among Vietnamese women recruited from a Catholic Vietnamese church and a Buddhist temple in the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area. The potential moderating effect of acculturation was of interest. Participants were 111 Vietnamese women who participated in a larger cancer screening intervention. Data collection began early fall of 2010 and ended in late spring 2011. High levels of acculturation were associated with increased self-efficacy for Pap tests and having received a Pap test. Acculturation moderated the relationships between religiosity and self-efficacy for breast and cervical cancer screening. Higher levels of social extrinsic religiosity were associated with increased efficacy for cancer screening among less acculturated women. Acculturation also moderated the relationship between religiosity and breast cancer screening. Specifically, for less acculturated women, increasing levels of intrinsic religiosity and personal extrinsic religiosity were associated with lower likelihood probability of Pap testing. For highly acculturated women, increasing levels of intrinsic religiosity and personal extrinsic religiosity were associated with higher likelihood probability of Pap testing. The authors' findings demonstrate the need for further investigation of the dynamic interplay of multi-level factors that influence cancer screening.
Effect of concentration on uptake of some trace metals by plants

Abstract The uptake by plants of somes trace metals at different concentrations was related closely to the decay constant, I. This means that for a 10‐fold increase in applied concentration, the increase in uptake was close to 4. 93 (100.693 = 4. 93). With some trace metals the value of Y (10Y = ratio of uptake for 10‐fold increase in metal concentration was around 1. For generalized conditions the value of Y in the expression, (/ = uptake ratio, for different concentrations and varied around I. Some values of Y for whole plants were Ni, 0.699 with C.V. (coefficient of variation) 12.2%, Cu, 0.468 with C.V. 12.1%, Zn, 0.606 with C V. 31.5%, and Cd, 0.903 with C.V. 10.9%. From soil the values for shoots for Co were 0.855 (C.V. = 14.8%) without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and 0. 941 (C. V. = 20. 8%) with EDTA; for Cu with EDTA it was 0. 562 (C. V. = 25.8%). with EDTA; for Cu with EDTA it was 0.562 (C.V. =25.8%).
Zero-copy protocol for MPI using infiniband unreliable datagram

Memory copies are widely regarded as detrimental to the overall performance of applications. High-performance systems make every effort to reduce the number of memory copies, especially the copies incurred during message passing. State of the art implementations of message-passing libraries, such as MPI, utilize user-level networking protocols to reduce or eliminate memory copies. InfiniBand is an emerging user-level networking technology that is gaining rapid acceptance in several domains, including HPC. In order to eliminate message copies while transferring large messages, MPI libraries over InfiniBand employ ldquozero-copyrdquo protocols which use remote direct memory access (RDMA). RDMA is available only in the connection-oriented transports of InfiniBand, such as reliable connection (RC). However, the unreliable datagram (UD) transport of InfiniBand has been shown to scale much better than the RC transport in regard to memory usage. In an optimal design, it should be possible to perform zero-copy message transfers over scalable transports (such as UD). In this paper, we present our design of a novel zero-copy protocol which is directly based over the scalable UD transport. Thus, our protocol achieves the twin objectives of scalability and good performance. Our analysis shows that uni-directional messaging bandwidth can be within 9% of what is achievable over RC for messages of 64 KB and above. Application benchmark evaluation shows that our design delivers a 21% speedup for the in.rhodo dataset for LAMMPS over a copy-based approach, giving performance within 1% of RC.
The triple-jump examination as an assessment tool in the problem-based medical curriculum at the University of Hawaii.

BACKGROUND. The three-step triple jump (TJ) examination aims to assess students' clinical problem-solving processes predominantly by means of subjective assessments administered by faculty. But training TJ administrators to ensure interrater reliability is both time- and cost-intensive, and difficul
Modelling heat-induced radiosensitization: clinical implications.

Clinically achievable minimum tumour temperatures are in the order of about 41°C. Therefore, it is important to evaluate mechanisms by which temperatures in this range might enhance cytotoxicity. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that 1–4 h (depending on the sequencing of modalities) of heating at 41°C produces substantial heat-induced radiosensitization with little or no cell killing by heat alone. The increased radiation sensitivity is best modelled as a change in the single hit, α, parameter (with no significant effect on the two-hit parameter, β) of the cell survival curve. The implications of heat-induced radiosensitization being mediated by a change in α on the traditional thermal enhancement ratio (for various radiation doses/fraction and α/β) are reviewed. Response rates for a cohort of 60 patients enrolled on a prospective thermal dose escalation study are modelled assuming that the thermal dose dependence of heat-induced radiosensitization is modulated by a heat-induced ▵α. The clinica...
The development of intercultural and interethnic communication apprehension scales

Intercultural communication apprehension (ICA) is conceptualized as the fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated interaction with people of different groups, especially cultural and ethnic and/or racial groups. Based on this conceptualization, two scales were developed, including the Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA) and the Personal Report of Interethnic Communication Apprehension (PRECA). In Study I, the initial scales consisted of 16 items each and were administered to 396 participants. Factor analyses reveal a unidimensional factor structure and high reliabilities for both scales. Construct validity measures were also administered in Study I. In Study II, modified versions of both scales along with criterion‐related validity items were administered to 369 participants. Factor analyses confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of both scales. Responses to the predictor items indicate that both scales possess criterion‐related validity.
Short-term forecasts of the number and scholastic ability of enrolling freshmen by academic divisions

The difference between accepted and enrolling students was modeled over a 30-week period using total number of students accepted, mean composite SAT scores, and mean high school quarter rank. Time until the application deadline was regressed onto the difference function to produce week-by-week forecasts. The enrollment yield and academic ability difference functions were collectively modeled for the university and separately modeled for each academic college. The 33 regressions were applied to cumulative values for the subsequent year, and the forecasts proved to be reasonably accurate. These short-term forecasts can be used to assess the likelihood of reaching both freshman enrollment count objectives and objectives concerning the academic ability of entering students. Using this method, undesirable trends can be identified well before application deadlines which allows recruitment efforts to be directly aimed at appropriate populations.
A note on the integral-equation description of metabolizing systems

The assumptions latent in the derivation of the integral equation of Branson are rendered explicit and discussed. It is shown that the equation is valid only for systems in which the substance disappears according to a linear rate law.
Pore-morphology-based simulation of drainage in totally wetting porous media

We develop and analyze a novel, quasi-static, pore-scale approach for modeling drainage in a porous medium system. The approach uses: (1) a synthetic, non-overlapping packing of a set of spheres, (2) a discrete representation of the sphere packing, and (3) concepts from pore morphology and local pore-scale physics to simulate the drainage process. The grain-size distribution and porosity of two well-characterized porous media were used as input into the drainage simulator, and the simulated results showed good agreement with experimental observations. We further comment on the use of this simulator for determining the size of a representative elementary volume needed to characterize the drainage process.
A model for the low interfacial tension of the hydrocarbon-water-surfactant system

Abstract A phenomenological model of the hydrocarbon-water-surfactant system is presented. Postulating a surfactant molecule-interface interaction and lateral interactions among the surfactant molecules which are confined to a lattice on the interface, a free energy for the surface phase is calculated and the interfacial tension is found. In particular, the model seems to account for the striking minima in the interfacial tension of the system as a function of alkane carbon number, which are observed experimentally. Several interaction energy parameters are obtained by fitting the theoretical model to the experimental curves.
On the mechanism of enzyme action. L. The influence of naphthoquinone on the mechanism of fat formation in Fusarium lycopersici

Abstract Fusarium lycopersici was continually subcultured giving rise to wide variance in the quantities of lycopersin formed by this organism. Two cultures were selected (one with about 25 mg. lycopersin/g. mycelium and the other with about 1 3 of this amount) in experiments in which different quantities of naphthoquinone were added to the media prior to inoculation. There was noted a relationship of mat weights, fat coefficients, iodine values of fatty acids, and composition of the fats formed with lycopersin concentrations. These findings point to an interaction of lycopersin with the dehydrogenase systems operative in fat formation and, also, to the distinct-action of this natural pigment in the enzymatic reactions of its host.
Lens epithelial cell elongation in the absence of microtubules: evidence for a new effect of colchicine

Embryonic chick lens epithelial cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium elongated in the absence of microtubules after treatment with the antimicrotubule drug nocodazole. Colchicine, at concentrations lower than those that dissociate microtubules, blocks cell elongation and the associated increase in cell volume. These results indicate that an increase in cell volume, not microtubules, is responsible for lens cell elongation and suggest a previously undescribed effect of colchicine on cell volume regulation.
Air thawing of beef quarters

An experimental study of thawing beef hind and forequarters of different weights in air has been made with respect to thawing time, weight loss, appearance and changes in bacterial numbers. From the experimental results a mathematical model and a computer programme have been developed to predict thawing times of quarters under other thawing conditions. Percentage weight losses varied from 1.2 when thawing at 5°C to 2.4 at 30°C. The appearance of quarters thawed at 5 and 10°C was satisfactory for normal use while a darkening of the lean and a drying out of thin sections made those thawed at 20 and 30°C only suitable for processing. The mean bacterial counts (expressed in logio/cm2) were always below 4.75 on quarters thawed at 5°C but they increased as the temperature of the thawing media was raised, means in excess of 7.0 being recorded on hindquarters thawed at 30°C.
Aromaticity and curvature in heteroacepentalenes.

Heteroatom-substituted acepentalene derivatives which are isoelectronic with the known acepentalenediide dianion are nonplanar, fused aromatic tricycles which are hemifullerenes of the corresponding C20 heteroanalogue. Depending on the number and position of heteroatoms, they may be anionic, neutral, or cationic. A nucleus-independent chemical shift study indicates that substitution of the central carbon of the acepentalenediide system with N or O results in a substantial increase in aromaticity. Peripheral aza substitution on the other hand tends to increase curvature and decrease aromaticity. Alkylation or protonation at the central position of asymmetrically substituted heteroacepentalenides leads to chiral, bowl-shaped, 10π aromatic species.
Hindbrain orexin 1 receptors influence palatable food intake, operant responding for food, and food-conditioned place preference in rats.

Brain orexin 1 receptors (OX1Rs) are involved in food-motivated behavior. Most research has focused on forebrain OX1R populations, but hindbrain OX1Rs affect feeding. We hypothesized that hindbrain OX1Rs affect the reward value of food. We examined the effects of hindbrain OX1R stimulation or blockade on motivation for food, palatable high-fat (HF) food intake, and food-conditioned place preference. Rats trained to lever press for sucrose on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule received fourth intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of vehicle, orexin-A (0.1–1 nmol), or the OX1R antagonist SB334867 (10–20 nmol) before operant test sessions. Effects of these treatments on HF food intake during daily 1-h tests were assessed with fourth icv and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) injections. We conditioned a place preference by pairing HF food with one side of a two-sided chamber and then examined the effect of 20 nmol fourth icv SB334867 on the expression of that preference. In ad lib fed rats on the PR schedule, fourth icv orexin-A significantly increased responding and breakpoint relative to the vehicle. In 24-h food-deprived rats, fourth icv SB334867 significantly decreased responding and breakpoint. Orexin-A delivered to the fourth ventricle (0.1 nmol) or NTS (0.01 nmol) increased HF diet intake. Fourth icv SB334867 did not affect HF food intake, but SB334867 delivered either fourth icv (20 nmol) or intra-NTS (5–10 nmol) suppressed chow intake. Expression of HF food-conditioned place preference was inhibited by fourth icv SB334867. Hindbrain OX1R activity affects food-motivated operant behavior and may play a role in responding to cues that predict palatable food.
The Second GRF-SPaC Conference: global transitions to sustainable production and consumption systems Fudan University, Shanghai, China June 8–11, 2014 ☆

s for papers, essays, and session proposals should be uploaded to the conference website by Friday, November 1, 2013. Abstracts should not exceed 500 words and will be reviewed by an international scientific committee. See https://www.confmanager. com/main.cfm?cid1⁄42724 for further details and submission instructions. Discounts are available for participants from developing countries and retirees. Please contact the conference secretariat. 4. Conference organizers The Global Research Forum on Sustainable Production and Consumption (GRF-SPaC) held its first successful global workshop in June 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, see http://grfscp.wordpress. com. Its mission is “.to strengthen the community of researchers and practitioners engaged in research on the worldwide transition to sustainable production and consumption systems”. The GRF-SPaC flagship project is the IGES-funded “Absolute Reductions” project. The Fudan Tyndall Center research program “Exploring the Role of High-Emitting Groups in Accelerating the Transition to a LowCarbon Society” (HEGiATLCS) started in 2012. The research is focusing on the increasing consumptive carbon emissions during urbanization and social transitions, analyzing the carbon behaviors of different population groups, and the inequality of carbon emission among different population groups. The research will make suggestions on advocating carbon behavioral transitions toward a low-carbon society. The GRF-SPaC/Tyndall Fudan Conference Organizing Committee The GRF-SPaC/Tyndall Fudan Conference Scientific Advisory Board The GRF-SPaC/Tyndall Fudan Conference Local Organizing committee The GRF-SPaC Organizing Committee
Dynamic shape factors for LMFBR mixed-oxide fuel aggregates

Abstract Dynamic shape factors for aggregates of LMFBR mixed-oxide fuels have been measured with a LAPS spiral centrifuge using the method of Kops et al. (1975). The aerosol was generated by pulsing a focused laser beam onto the surface of a LMFBR fuel pellet composed of (Pu 0.2 U 0.8 ) O 1.96 . The measured values of the dynamic shape factor ( κ ) depend on the aerodynamic diameter ( d ae ) and vary between κ = 2.85 at at d ae = 0.5 μ m and κ = 1.96 at d ae = 1.5 μ m.
High‐throughput methods for visualizing the teleost skeleton: capturing autofluorescence of alizarin red

Summary For nearly a century, Alizarin red S (alizarin sodium sulfonate) has been used by morphologists to stain calcified bone matrix. More recently, its traditional use has frequently been replaced by more modern techniques; however, its auto fluorescent property continues to contribute to research well beyond the context of bone development and regeneration. The purpose of this study is to describe detailed methods that can be used to capture the autofluorescence of Alizarin red-stained mineralized tissues in juvenile zebrafish. These methods allow for in situ analyses of minute skeletal elements, such as pharyngeal teeth, and preclude the need for dissection.
Sign, Space, and Story: Roller Coasters and the Evolution of a Thrill

L'A. examine ce qu'elle considere comme le symbole de la culture americaine du loisir : les montagnes russes. L'A. decrit l'historique, les performances et la thematique des principaux equipements, objets de la surenchere commerciale entre les compagnies de parcs d'attraction, avec un bref rappel du contexte de peur de la guerre froide. Avec les experiences de loisirs de frissons par simulation (comme Top Gun, en reference a un film sur un pilote de chasse) l'A. rappelle, a l'instar de J. Baudrillard, que le simulacre se substitue a la realite et devient realite car le referent exterieur est evacue (qui a reellement experimente le cockpit d'un avion de chasse ?). Il est tout au plus une creation contextualisee. De meme, les reconstitutions archeologiques a sensations relevent de l'hyperrealite axee sur le plaisir
History and Politics in Parthasarathy's Play Aurangzeb

In his article "History and Politics in Parthasarathy's Play Aurangzeb" Shubh Brat Sarkar analyzes the use of history in a dramatic text, the underlying politics and ideology of a literary product, and the modes by which the materials are shaped through dramaturgy. The name Aurangzeb, the title of the play, has a strong presence in history textbooks and has perhaps become an integral part of a grand historical, "Indian" nationalist discourse. In the play multiple contradictions co-exist and find new projections in translations and theater adaptations in different historical contexts. Indira Parthasarthy's 1974 play is based on events leading to the War of Succession among the heirs of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and it offers a critique of the one-nation, one-language, onereligion theory. Sarkar's analysis explores how the theme remained relevant in Parthasarthy's play. Shubh Brat Sarkar, "History and Politics in Parthasarathy's Play Aurangzeb" page 2 of 7 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 14.2 (2012): Thematic Issue New Work in Comparative Indian Literatures and Cultures. Ed. M.G. Ramanan and T. Mukherjee
Mesozoic (Early Cretaceous) Radiolarians from Northwest Atlantic, DSDP Hole 534A: ABSTRACT

Lower Cretaceous to Middle Jurassic (Albian to Callovian) deep-sea sediments recovered from DSDP Hole 534A (28°20.6^primeN, 75°22.8^primeW, water depth 4,976 m) in the Blake-Bahama basin represent the oldest oceanic sediments in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. The presence of radiolarians was recognized by shipboard scientists from cores 46-127 at subbottom depths 950-1,635 m. The occurrence of radiolarians (all of Early Cretaceous age) was actually limited to the sediments of Blake Bahara Formation, cores 51, and 69 through 82. Judging from the faunal composition, core 51 apparently belongs to the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone of Barremian age, whereas cores 69 through 82 are probably assignable to the Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone of Valanginian age. Similar radiolarian assemblages have been reported from the submarine deposits of several North Pacific DSDP sites as well as outcrop sections from Japan, suggesting a wide geographic distribution of co-eval marine sediments. The majority of radiolarian specimens observed during the investigation had their siliceous skeletons replaced by pyrite, which indicates the reducing condition of sediments during the initial diagenesis of the organic remains. End_of_Article - Last_Page 292------------
Crystallization through Slow Acid-Controlled Hydrolytic Release of a Highly Polar Organic Compound: Formation of a Dipolar Acridone Polymorph

A new polymorph of acridone exhibiting a highly ordered dipolar crystal structure was prepared by slow fumaric acid-controlled hydrolysis of its bromoacridine precursor in ethanol.
Negative binomial sums of random variables and discounted reward processes

Given a sequence of random variables (rewards), the Haviv-Puterman differential equation relates the expected infinite-horizon λ-discounted reward and the expected total reward up to a random time that is determined by an independent negative binomial random variable with parameters 2 and λ. This paper provides an interpretation of this proven, but previously unexplained, result. Furthermore, the interpretation is formalized into a new proof, which then yields new results for the general case where the rewards are accumulated up to a time determined by an independent negative binomial random variable with parameters k and λ.
Moving beyond multilateralism: climate-change governance post-Copenhagen

Climate governance at the crossroads: experimenting with a global response after Kyoto, by Matthew J. Hoffmann, New York, Oxford University Press, 2011, xii + 224 pp., index, £15.99 (paperback), IS...
Specificity and frequency of ultraviolet-induced reversion of an iso-1-cytochrome c ochre mutant in radiation-sensitive strains of yeast☆

The basis for the specific pattern of ultraviolet-induced reversion of cyc1-9, an ochre allele of the structural gene for iso-1-cytochrome c, has been examined in radiation-sensitive strains of yeast. Previous analysis, using RAD+ strains, showed that 21 out of 23 cyc1-9 revertants induced by ultraviolet light arose by A · T to G · C transition at the first position in the UAA codon, the remaining two occurring by A · T to T · A transversion at the second position (Stewart et al., 1972; Sherman & Stewart, 1974). All possible base-pair substitutions could be obtained with the aid of other mutagens. It has now been shown that this specificity depends largely on the action of the RAD6 locus, since ultraviolet-induced revertants of cyc1-9 arose by a variety of base-pair substitutions in a strain carrying the rad6-1 allele. Induced reversion frequencies in strains carrying this allele are much lower than normal, though significantly higher than the spontaneous frequency, and the strains are more sensitive to the lethal effects of both ultraviolet and X-irradiation. The phenotypically similar rad18-2 mutation, which appears to block the same repair pathway as rad6-1, also has some effect on the reversion specificity, but its action depends on the presence of other, unidentified, mutations. Specificity was, however, completely unaltered in an excision-defective strain carrying the rad1-2 allele. Induced reversion frequency of cyc1-9 was much higher than normal in this strain. Photoreactivation studies indicated that pyrimidine dimers were responsible for most of the revertants in RAD+, rad1 and rad6 strains. These experiments show that the RAD6+ locus is intimately concerned with error-prone repair, and suggest that excision repair is substantially error-free.
Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. Edited by W. Lance Bennett and Robert M. Entman. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 489p. $74.95 cloth, $29.95 paper.

Nothing energizes a field of study more than a revolution. The explosion of new forms of mass communication is just such a revolution for the field of political communication, to judge by this volume. As its 22 chapters demonstrate, profound changes in the technology and institutions of mass media have prompted a wide-ranging and stimulating effort to document, interpret, and theorize.
The Molecular Mechanics of Collagen Degradation: Implications for Human Disease

Collagen is a unique structural protein that imparts tensile strength to bone, tendons, and numerous other tissues. Like many biological polymers, collagen is continually synthesized and degraded in the extracellular space. While collagen degradation is a normal part of collagen homeostasis, excessive collagenolysis has been implicated in a number of human diseases such as arthritis, cancer, and atherosclerosis. In this work we demonstrate how molecular simulations can be used to study the mechanics of collagen degradation. Dynamical simulations, which model the structural fluctuations that collagen can undergo under physiologic conditions, reveal that portions of collagen are quite flexible—a somewhat counterintuitive finding. Moreover, this flexibility likely facilitates the recognition and cleavage of collagen by proteolytic enzymes. Experiments on collagen-like model compounds are consistent with these observations and demonstrate that new insights into the physical basis of collagenolysis can be obtained from a combination of experiment and computation. More importantly, these results highlight new avenues for the development of potential therapies for disorders that involve abnormal collagen catabolism.