cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The design research of a spinel dome

Based on the aerodynamic heating simulated results of a spinel middle-infrared (Mid IR) image guide missile dome flying at supersonic speed, a series of experiments are made and some methods of eliminating aero-heating effect are carried out successfully. First, a simulation experiment on the ground discarding an outside protective shell of a spinel dome is accomplished in order to inspect the withstanding impact ability of the dome. Second, an arc wind tunnel experiment is fulfilled to obtain thermal mechanics characteristic of the spinel dome, and a method to buildup obviously mechanics intensity is approved which is coating diamond protective layer on the external wall of the spinel dome. Third, two heated dome imaging experiments on the ground are made to study the aero-optical phenomenon. Finally, a rocket sled experiment of a guide missile head is made successfully. Experimental results show that when the guide missile head flies in a supersonic, by adjusting the frame integration time of detector etc. the aero-optic effect would decrease greatly.
International Understanding Through Communication One Plan—One Plea

UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, has extensive influence in those reaches of the world first waking to the rushing societies around them, and is bringing to these peoples the basic tools of education that make informed men. The article describes a program established in Colombia, S.A., in 1947, using radio. The dedication and ingenuity of the plan brought it support from the government and UNESCO but it remained basically a grass roots operation. Over a quarter of a million children and adults benefited from this program. Radio broadcasting for educational purposes was also practiced by the British during World War II on the Gold Coast in West Africa. There is a description of the methods used and the unique problems of language and local customs. Finally, the author analyzes UNESCO's qualifications for increased involvement in international education of emergent nations' adults and children and proposes a UNESCO university.
Long-Range Sound Distribution and the Calling Song of the Cicada Beameria venosa (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Abstract The calling song of the cicada Beameria venosa is a continuous train of sound pulses produced at a rate of 385 ± 29.5 pulses/s, with peak energy at 16.96 ± 1.76 kHz. The long-range sound field of B. venosa is symmetrical, but modified by interaction with vegetation and wind in the environment. High frequency of the call of B. venosa has a selective advantage with respect to avoidance of predators, permitting this cicada to be unnoticed by predators, principally birds and lizards, which cannot hear the call. As a result, the predation pressure on this cicada is decreased.
INTERACTIONS OF TEMPORAL AND RELEASING FACTORS IN FAMILIAL RECOGNITION OF OWN AND ANCESTRAL SPECIES.

Sum71iary.-128 isolated White Leghorn chicks were tested in a mixedmodel factorial design (2 species x 2 sexes x 4 days, with 8 Ss per cell, and with G repeated measurements on each S) for social behavior expressible before standard imprinting operations. The sex but not the species of the adult targets was a significant main source of variation, as was the day on which testing occurred; interactions at the first, second, and even third orders were significant, suggesting that comparability between imprinting experiments might be hard to achieve unless the manipulation of an array of interrelated facrors can be systematized. The early discussions of imprinting were essentially devoted to those stimuli (releasers) to which a precocial bird will react before the characters not existing in its innate perceptual patterns are learned (4, 5). Because innate perceptual patterns are hypothetical constructs later researchers have perhaps found it convenient to dismiss releasers as similar causal constructions. Actually, releasers refer to the environmental side of many stimulus-response complexities, and when they are explicitly manipillaced in the study of imprinting (1, 2, 3), they are found to be important in a number of response changes. On the basis of these studies of the role of releasers in imprinting, four principal questions were embodied in the design of the present experiment. (a) Is the domestic chick able to perform toward its Jungle Fowl ancestral species (Gallus bankiva) in a manner indicating that in the course of its biological descent it has separately evolved morphological and behavioral factors? In other words, will the domestic chick treat an ancestral female the same as a female of its own breed (and these differently from other familial members) even though the two females are quite different in appearance? (b) Is the domestic chick able to discriminate between familial members of its species without these members being differentially associated with positive or negative reinforcers? (c) Is there any maturational effect discernible in the first four days of life? And (d), is there any temporal rhythm of social preference for the familial targets? 'This paper in slightly different form was presented at the 1963 meeting of the Rocky Mountain Psvcholo~ical Association in Codv. Wvomin~. Research and writing were partially supported Iby NIMH Grant MH-05766. ~ata ;ere processed by the &nputer Laboratory of Montana State College. The writer wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Sam Weeks, Charles Anderson, Shirley McNeal, Harold Hightower, and Stella Sallee in various phases of this project. The kindness of George T. Davis and Allen F. Beeckler in supplying eggs, incubators, and other assistance is gratefully acknowledged.
The relationship between cognitive performance and electrophysiological indices of performance monitoring

Studies of electrophysiological indices of performance monitoring, such as the error-related negativity (ERN), posterror positivity (Pe), and N2 components of the event-related potential (ERP), suggest that increased ERN and Pe amplitudes and decreased N2 amplitudes are associated with better cognitive flexibility and cognitive control abilities; however, few studies have directly examined the relationship between cognitive performance and ERP indices of performance monitoring. We examined the neuropsychological profile of 89 healthy individuals who performed a modified flanker task. The neuropsychological domains tested included memory, verbal fluency, and attention/executive functioning. Pearson’s correlations and multiple regression analyses showed a significant relationship between measures of attention/executive functioning and ERN amplitude, even when negative affect, reaction time interference, and posterror slowing were controlled. N2 amplitude related only to posterror slowing. The amplitude of the Pe was not significantly related to any cognitive domains. These findings are consistent with recent work indicating that performance monitoring requires attention skills and cognitive flexibility. Implications for the conflict-monitoring and reinforcement-learning theories are discussed.
Asthma-associated differences in microbial composition of induced sputum.

Background It is increasingly evident that microbial colonization of the respiratory tract might have a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Objective We sought to characterize and compare the microbiome of induced sputum in asthmatic and nonasthmatic adults. Methods Induced sputum samples were obtained from 10 nonasthmatic subjects and 10 patients with mild active asthma (8/10 were not using inhaled corticosteroids). Total DNA was extracted from sputum supernatants and amplified by using primers specific for the V6 hypervariable region of bacterial 16s rRNA. Samples were barcoded, and equimolar concentrations of 20 samples were pooled and sequenced with the 454 GS FLX sequencer. Sequences were assigned to bacterial taxa by comparing them with 16s rRNA sequences in the Ribosomal Database Project. Results All sputum samples contained 5 major bacterial phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroidetes, with the first 3 phyla accounting for more than 90% of the total sequences. Proteobacteria were present in higher proportions in asthmatic patients (37% vs 15%, P P = .17) and Actinobacteria (10% vs 14%, P = .36) were found more frequently in samples from nonasthmatic subjects, although this was not statistically significant. Hierarchical clustering produced 2 significant clusters: one contained primarily asthmatic samples and the second contained primarily nonasthmatic samples. In addition, samples from asthmatic patients had greater bacterial diversity compared with samples from nonasthmatic subjects. Conclusion Patients with mild asthma have an altered microbial composition in the respiratory tract that is similar to that observed in patients with more severe asthma.
Treatment Outcome Research in Rural Pediatric Populations: The Challenge of Recruitment

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric treatment outcome research focusing on the physical and mental health of children living in rural areas is limited, despite the immense need. Participant recruitment is a significant barrier faced by pediatric researchers working in rural communities. The purpose of this article is to review challenges recruiting children and families to participate in treatment outcome research and identify effective and innovative procedures to enhance recruitment in rural populations. METHODS: A selected review of the pediatric and adult rural recruitment literature and researchers' experiences are discussed. RESULTS: Challenges to recruitment include researchers being viewed as outsiders by rural community members, population size and density of rural communities, unique aspects of rural culture, and higher rates of poverty and lower educational achievement in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to improve recruitment and recommendations for future recruitment efforts in pediatric psychology treatment outcome research for children and families from rural areas are provided. Language: en
Forging Identities: Gender, Communities and the State In India

Forging Identities: Gender, Communities and the State In India. ZOYA HASAN. ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. xxiv. 264 pp., notes, index.
Medically unexplained symptoms

In summary, caring for patients with MUS is challenging for health care providers. Even defining somatization syndromes is complex and controversial, reflecting the medical community’s limited understanding of the pathophysiology for this group of disorders. Although risk factors for MUS have been described and are well understood, little is known about how MUS can be prevented. Uncertainty in medicine, as in any human enterprise, is a given, but the difficulties in identification and treatment of patients with MUS highlight the limitations in understanding the intersection between physical and mental health. Patients come to their physician looking for clarity, understanding, and relief of debilitating symptoms. The understanding of MUS will evolve, and perhaps an organic cause not yet understood or described may emerge to lend clarity and therapeutic opportunities to some patients with somatic disorders. In the meantime, the most powerful tools available are the ability to communicate the limits of current understanding, acknowledge the difficulties faced by patients with this disorder, and reinforce the willingness and desire of clinicians to partner with patients as the focus shifts from diagnosis to symptom management. Thus, the physician-patient relationship, still in its rightful place at the heart of the practice of medicine, lies at the center of effective treatment of patients with MUS.
Preservice Teachers' Conceptions and Enactments of Project-Based Instruction

We present results of an investigation of preservice secondary mathematics and science teachers’ conceptions of project-based instruction (PBI) and their enactments of PBI in apprentice (student) teaching. We evaluated their thinking and implementations within a composite framework based on the work of education researchers. We analyzed survey responses, both qualitatively and statistically, from three cohorts of preservice teachers both before and after apprentice teaching. In addition we interviewed and observed a subset of these future teachers. We found that in general the preservice teachers held superficial views of PBI, as compared to the researcher framework. Participants reported time and curriculum restrictions as major barriers; however, teachers for whom enactment of PBI was presented as an explicit goal, and who were given support toward that end, were more likely to enact authentic implementations, regardless of previous reservations about PBI. Without this additional scaffolding, even teachers with high affinity for PBI were unlikely to implement it authentically.
Recent accelerated warming of the continental shelf off New Jersey: Observations from the CMV Oleander expendable bathythermograph line

Expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) have been launched along a repeat track from New Jersey to Bermuda from the CMV Oleander through the NOAA/NEFSC Ship of Opportunity Program about 14 times per year since 1977. The XBT temperatures on the Middle Atlantic Bight shelf are binned with 10 km horizontal and 5 m vertical resolution to produce monthly, seasonally, and annually averaged cross-shelf temperature sections. The depth-averaged shelf temperature, Ts, calculated from annually averaged sections that are spatially averaged across the shelf, increases at 0.026 ± 0.001°C yr−1 from 1977 to 2013, with the recent trend substantially larger than the overall 37 year trend (0.11 ± 0.02°C yr−1 since 2002). The Oleander temperature sections suggest that the recent acceleration in warming on the shelf is not confined to the surface, but occurs throughout the water column with some contribution from interactions between the shelf and the adjacent Slope Sea reflected in cross-shelf motions of the shelfbreak front. The local warming on the shelf cannot explain the region's amplified rate of sea level rise relative to the global mean. Additionally, Ts exhibits significant interannual variability with the warmest anomalies increasing in intensity over the 37 year record even as the cold anomalies remain relatively uniform throughout the record. Ts anomalies are not correlated with annually averaged coastal sea level anomalies at zero lag. However, positive correlation is found between 2 year lagged Ts anomalies and coastal sea level anomalies, suggesting that the region's sea level anomalies may serve as a predictor of shelf temperature.
Analysis of composition and structure of Clostridium thermocellum membranes from wild-type and ethanol-adapted strains

Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate organism for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol. However, commercial use is limited due to growth inhibition at modest ethanol concentrations. Recently, an ethanol-adapted strain of C. thermocellum was produced. Since ethanol adaptation in microorganisms has been linked to modification of membrane lipids, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol adaptation in C. thermocellum involves lipid modification by comparing the fatty acid composition and membrane anisotropy of wild-type and ethanol-adapted strains. Derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters provided quantitative lipid analysis. Compared to wild-type, the ethanol-adapted strain had a larger percentage of fatty acids with chain lengths >16:0 and showed a significant increase in the percentage of 16:0 plasmalogens. Structural identification of fatty acids was confirmed through mass spectral fragmentation patterns of picolinyl esters. Ethanol adaptation did not involve modification at sites of methyl branching or the unsaturation index. Comparison of steady-state fluorescence anisotropy experiments, in the absence and presence of ethanol, provided evidence for the effects of ethanol on membrane fluidity. In the presence of ethanol, both strains displayed increased fluidity by approximately 12%. These data support the model that ethanol adaptation was the result of fatty acid changes that increased membrane rigidity that counter-acted the fluidizing effect of ethanol.
Pharaonic Circumcision Under Patriarchy and Breast Augmentation Under Phallocentric Capitalism Similarities and Differences

In this article, the author discusses the similarities and differences between Pharaonic circumcision and reinfibulation and breast augmentation under systems of male dominance and female subordination. Despite the medical problems associated with each, women choose to be reinfibulated or have breast implants. There are systemic reasons associated with male dominance—in the case of reinfibulation, patriarchy and polygamy, and in the case of breast augmentation, institutional interests and phallocentrism—that impinge on women's “choice” of these procedures.
Lossless compression of weight vectors from an adaptive filter

Techniques for lossless waveform compression can be applied to the transmission of weight vectors from an orbiting satellite. The vectors, which are a part of a hybrid analog/digital adaptive filter, are a representation of the radio frequency background seen by the satellite. An approach is used which treats each adaptive weight as a time-varying waveform.
Optimization of real-time acoustical and mechanical monitoring of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment using harmonic motion imaging for high focused ultrasound (HMIFU)

Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU) is a recently developed high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment monitoring method with feasibilities demonstrated in silica, in vitro and in vivo. Its principle is based on emission of an Amplitude-modulated therapeutic ultrasound beam utilizing a therapeutic transducer to induce an oscillatory radiation force while tracking the focal tissue mechanical response during the HIFU treatment using a confocally-aligned diagnostic transducer. In order to translate towards the clinical implementation of HMIFU, a complete assessment study is required in order to investigate the optimal radiation force threshold for reliable monitoring the local tissue mechanical property changes, i.e., the estimation HMIFU displacement under thermal, acoustical, and mechanical effects within focal medium (i.e., boiling, cavitation, and nonlinearity) using biological specimen. In this study, HMIFU technique is applied on HIFU treatment monitoring on freshly excised ex vivo canine liver specimens. In order to perform the multi-characteristic assessment, the diagnostic transducer was operated as either a pulse-echo imager or Passive Cavitation Detector (PCD) to assess the acoustic and mechanical response, while a bare-wire thermocouple was used to monitor the focal temperature change. As the acoustic power of HIFU treatment was ranged from 2.3 to 11.4 W, robust HMI displacement was observed across the entire range. Moreover, an optimized range for high quality displacement monitoring was found to be between 3.6 to 5.2W, where displacement showed an increase followed by significant decrease, indicating a stiffening of focal medium due to thermal lesion formation, while the correlation coefficient was maintained above 0.95.
The boundary layer instability of a gliding fish helps rather than prevents object identification

Inspired by the function of the lateral line in aquatic animals, we study the shape identification of a stationary cylinder through pressure measurements made by sensors located on the surface of a steadily moving foil, modelling a fish gliding in close proximity to an object. Comparing experimental results, potential flow predictions and viscous simulations, we first show that the pressure in the boundary layer of the foil is significantly affected by unsteady viscous effects, especially in the posterior half of the foil. Therefore, even after the effects of the boundary layer thickness are accounted for, potential flow predictions are inaccurate. Subsequently, we show that the spatial features of the unsteady patterns developing when the foil is moving near a cylinder can be predicted accurately through linear stability analysis of the average boundary layer velocity profile under open water conditions. Because these unsteady patterns result from amplification of the potential flow-like disturbance caused in the front part of the foil, they are specific to the cylinder that generated them and could be used to identify its shape. We develop and demonstrate a methodology to calculate the unsteady pressure based on combining potential flow predictions with results from linear stability analysis of the boundary layer. The findings can be useful for object identification in underwater vehicles, and support the intriguing possibility that the significant viscous effects caused by nearby bodies on the fish boundary layer, far from preventing detection, could actually be used by animals to identify objects.
Who Benefits From Computerized Career Counseling

The Adaptive Counseling and Therapy (ACT: Howard, Nance, & Myers, 1986) model was used to predict who would benefit from computerized career counseling. Specifically, clients who had more stable goals and aspirations and more defensive independence were expected to derive more benefit from computerized career counseling, an intervention that provides low levels of direction and support. A total of 54 clients who came to the Career Planning and Placement Center seeking career assistance were referred to the System for Interactive Guidance and Information PLUS (SIGI-PLUS). As hypothesized, clients with more stable goals had the greatest gains in vocational identity. Additionally, clients who showed more defensive independence were more satisfied with the SIGI-PLUS treatment. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Capitalization of Personal Self-Efficacy: Yields for Practices and Research Development

Quality learning in achievement contexts is an important feat for enhancement and development. In a similar vein, in the contexts of secondary schooling, academic engagement is a major element for scholarly consideration (e.g., “I really enjoy coming to school, and taking part in these social activities”). In the area of educational psychology, there have been various cognitive (e.g., achievement goal orientations) and noncognitive (e.g., self-concept) theories that note and explain individuals’ learning, academic engagement, motives, etc. Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory, especially the tenets of personal self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977, 1997) have been researched and used to account and predict individuals’ cognition and behaviors in educational and non-educational settings. This theoretical review then, explores a few identified issues related to quality learning – for example, one’s sense of identity and how this psychosocial facet features in the teaching and learning processes. We also scope, in the latter section of this article, the potency of personal self-efficacy in the contexts of quality learning and school engagement, and how this theoretical orientation, in totality, may result in effective practices and continuing research development.
Improving Security of SDDL Designs through Interleaved Placement on Xilinx FPGAs

Implementations of mathematically secure cryptographic algorithms leak information through side channels during run time. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks exploit power leakage to obtain the secret information. Dynamic and Differential Logic (DDL), one of the popular countermeasures against DPA attacks, tries to achieve constant power consumption thereby decor relating the leakage with the data being processed. Separated Dynamic and Differential Logic (SDDL), a variant of DDL, achieves this goal by duplicating the original design into Direct and Complementary parts which exhibit constant switching activity per clock cycle and have balanced net delays. Traditionally, on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) both parts are placed side-by-side to ensure symmetrical routing. However, due to process variations both parts will have slightly different delays. This limits the effectiveness of SDDL. In this paper we introduce a design flow to achieve interleaved placement of SDDL designs on Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGAs while preserving symmetric routing. We explore several placement configurations with respect to routing and security. The results of our experiments show that a well-balanced placement of SDDL can double the effectiveness of the SDDL countermeasures on FPGAs.
An Unusual Presentation of Pseudothrombotic Microangiopathy in a Patient with Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

Introduction. We hereby describe the case of a young female patient who presented with pseudothrombotic microangiopathy, as well as pancytopenia accompanied by autoimmune atrophic gastritis. Case Presentation. A 36-year-old Caucasian woman presented to the emergency department with fatigue and dyspnea on minimal exertion. Physical examination was unremarkable except for pallor and noninjected conjunctiva. Laboratory tests revealed high LDH and low hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets, and haptoglobin. The peripheral blood smear showed schistocytes suggestive of pseudothrombotic microangiopathy. Low cobalamin level and hyperhomocysteinemia were also detected. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis was confirmed by gastric biopsy and positive anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Vitamin B12 supplements were given which led to rapid recovery and normalization of blood parameters. Conclusion. This case highlights the importance and serves as a reminder to clinicians to rule out cobalamin deficiency and autoimmune atrophic gastritis in patients presenting with a picture suggestive of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and pancytopenia, which was completely reversible after appropriate replacement therapy without recurring to unnecessary and invasive procedures such as plasma exchange.
Hispanic Acculturation and Gender Differences in Support and Self-Efficacy for Managing Diabetes

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived support, social norms, and their association with self-efficacy varied by gender and language-based acculturation in Hispanic men...
Parachutes and Preferences — A Trial of Knee Replacement

The term parachute trial entered the medical lexicon to depict studies of treatments everyone already assumes to be effective. (In other words, do we need a trial to show that parachutes save the lives of persons who jump from airplanes?1) The parachute trial has been invoked to decry randomized trials of total joint replacement as senseless. After all, joint replacements are among the most significant advances of the 20th century; don’t we already know they are successful? Nearly 1 million elective total knee and hip replacements are performed annually in the United States; rates of total knee replacement tripled . . .
River restoration by dam removal: Enhancing connectivity at watershed scales

The prolonged history of industrialization, flood control, and hydropower production has led to the construction of 80,000 dams across the U.S. generating significant hydrologic, ecological, and social adjustments. With the increased ecological attention on re-establishing riverine connectivity, dam removal is becoming an important part of large-scale river restoration nationally, especially in New England, due to its early European settlement and history of waterpower-based industry. To capture the broader dimensions of dam removal, we constructed a GIS database of all inventoried dams in New England irrespective of size and reservoir volume to document the magnitude of fragmentation. We compared the characteristics of these existing dams to the attributes of all removed dams over the last ∼25 years. Our results reveal that the National Inventory of Dams significantly underestimates the actual number of dams (4,000 compared to >14,000). To combat the effects of these ecological barriers, dam removal in New England has been robust with 127 dams having been removed between ca. 1990–2013. These removed dams range in size, with the largest number (30%) ranging between 2–4 m high, but 22% of the removed dams were between 4–6 m. They are not isolated to small drainage basins: most drained watersheds between 100–1,000 km2. Regionally, dam removal has re-connected ∼3% (3,770 river km) of the regional river network although primarily through a few select dams where abundant barrier-free river lengths occur, suggesting that a more strategic removal approach has the opportunity to enhance the magnitude and rate of river re-connection. Given the regional-scale restoration of forest cover and water quality over the past century, dam removal offers a significant opportunity to capitalize on these efforts, providing watershed scale restoration and enhancing watershed resilience in the face of significant regional and global anthropogenic changes.
Ammonia-based ASP floods in carbonate cores containing gypsum

Abstract The amount of synthetic surfactants required for a surfactant flood can be minimized by the addition of an alkali. An alkali reduces surfactant adsorption on sandstone and carbonate rocks, and generates in-situ surfactant with acidic crude oils. Many reservoirs, especially carbonates, contain gypsum (or anhydrite), which is sparingly soluble in water. In such cases, a conventional alkali such as sodium carbonate cannot be added to alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) formulations because it precipitates as CaCO 3 on interacting with gypsum (or anhydrite). In this study, we test ammonia as an alkali to perform ASP floods in carbonate cores containing gypsum. The concentration of calcium ions in the presence of gypsum when ammonia is used as alkali can be as high as 2000 ppm, depending on the brine salinity and composition. Therefore, surfactant and polymer selection study was performed to identify suitable candidates under high calcium concentrations. Oil recovery experiments were performed in carbonate cores containing gypsum, using ammonia as the alkali. PHREEQC, the USGS geochemical simulator, was used for reactive transport modeling and was found to be an effective tool for designing these corefloods. High pH propagation and good oil recovery was observed in the ASP coreflood performed in a carbonate core containing gypsum. Addition of sodium sulfate in injection brines decreased gypsum dissolution. Gypsum dissolution was also lower at higher temperatures and lower NaCl concentrations. The surfactant retention in the ASP coreflood using ammonia, however, was found to be about the same as that of the SP coreflood, even though a high pH propagation was observed during the ASP coreflood. A good agreement was observed between the measured concentration of the effluent ions from the corefloods and the PHREEQC simulations.
Teaching Writing While Standing on One Foot

When people ask me what I do, I always say “I’m a writing teacher.” I say “writing teacher” for the same reason that when I was a kid and people asked me what my father did, I’d say “He’s in the garment industry.” Like the garment industry for my father, the classrooms, colleagues, and students involved in the business of teaching and learning writing make up a culture built around a purpose: teaching and learning writing.
Suicide in racial and ethnic minority adults: A review of the last decade.

There has been an increase in literature that addresses risks associated with suicide vulnerability and death for American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian American, Black American, and Hispanic American adults. However, much more definitive work is needed. In comparison to previous decades, research in the area of ethnic minority suicide may have lost some momentum for certain racial/ethnic groups. As the U.S. population becomes increasingly diverse, the need for advanced research efforts regarding the full spectrum of suicide behavior grows increasingly urgent. Objective: To provide a summary of putative risk factors and plausible protective factors highlighting both unique and common factors for American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian American, Black American, and Hispanic American adults. The dearth of literature is also addressed by the proposition of emergent needs in the study of ethnic minority suicide. Further, we will examine the ways in which the last decade of research has expanded suicide science as well as areas that have been understudied. Conclusions: A review of empirical studies and conceptual reports published in the last decade revealed common trends associated with suicide across ethnic groups, including sociodemographic variables, psychiatric risks, cultural factors, and factors related to interpersonal relations. Ethnic minority groups also shared notable protective factors, such as religious and spiritual beliefs, and familial ties. Suggested directions for future research include the examination of individual subgroups within ethnic communities as well as the exploration of understudied correlates that show promising evidence as influential to suicidal behavior. Additionally, factors that lead to suicide attempts for American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian American, Black American, and Hispanic American adults remain relatively unexamined.
What is Political Economy? A Study of Social Theory and Underdevelopment

(1986). What is Political Economy? A Study of Social Theory and Underdevelopment. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 256-257.
Mechanisms Responsible for the Observed Thermodynamic Structure in a Convective Boundary Layer Over the Hudson Valley of New York State

We examine cases of a regional elevated mixed layer (EML) observed during the Hudson Valley Ambient Meteorology Study (HVAMS) conducted in New York State, USA in 2003. Previously observed EMLs referred to topographic domains on scales of 10 $$^{5}$$ –10 $$^{6}$$ km $$^{2}$$ . Here, we present observational evidence of the mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of regional EMLs overlying a valley-based convective boundary layer (CBL) on much smaller spatial scales (<5000 km $$^{2})$$ . Using observations from aircraft-based, balloon-based, and surface-based platforms deployed during the HVAMS, we show that cross-valley horizontal advection, along-valley channelling, and fog-induced cold-air pooling are responsible for the formation and maintenance of the EML and valley-CBL coupling over New York State’s Hudson Valley. The upper layer stability of the overlying EML constrains growth of the valley CBL, and this has important implications for air dispersion, aviation interests, and fog forecasting.
Deductive Techniques for Synthesis from Inductive Specifications

We propose two key ideas for designing efficient algorithms for inductive synthesis problems. (i) restrict the search space to an appropriate domain-specific language that provides the right set of abstractions that enable readability and balanced expressivity (i.e., expressive enough to capture a wide range of tasks, but restricted enough to allow efficient search). (ii) design a domain-specific search algorithm using the divide-and-conquer paradigm that reduces the problem of synthesizing an expression of a given kind that satisfies a given specification into sub-problems that refer to sub-expressions or sub-specifications. The problem reduction logics can be refactored into domain-independent parts and operator-specific parts. We leverage this observation to develop a general framework that allows construction of efficient inductive synthesizers from a mere description of the domain-specific language and inverse properties of operators that are used in the underlying DSL.
Development of Chiral, Bifunctional Thiosquaramides: Enantioselective Michael Additions of Barbituric Acids to Nitroalkenes

We report a general method for the synthesis of chiral thiosquaramides, a class of bifunctional catalysts not previously described in the literature. Thiosquaramides are found to be more acidic and significantly more soluble in nonpolar solvents than their oxosquaramide counterparts, and they are excellent catalysts for the unreported, enantioselective conjugate addition reaction of the barbituric acid pharmacaphore to nitroalkenes, delivering the chiral barbiturate derivatives in high yields and high enantioselectivities, even with catalyst loadings as low as 0.05 mol%.
Privacy-Preserving Multi-Party Analytics over Arbitrarily Partitioned Data

Data-driven business processes are gaining popularity among enterprises now-a-days. In many situations, multiple parties would share data towards a common goal if it were possible to simultaneously protect the privacy of the individuals and organizations described in the data. Existing solutions for multi-party analytics require parties to transfer their raw data to a trusted mediator, who then performs the desired analysis on the global data, and shares the results with the parties. Unfortunately, such a solution does not fit many applications where privacy is a strong concern such as healthcare, finance and the internet-of-things. Motivated by the increasing demands for data privacy, in this paper, we study the problem of privacy-preserving multi-party analytics, where the goal is to enable analytics on multi-party data without compromising the data privacy of each individual party. We propose a secure gradient descent algorithm that enables analytics on data that is arbitrarily partitioned among multiple parties. The proposed algorithm is generic and applies to a wide class of machine learning problems. We demonstrate our solution for a popular use-case (i.e., regression), and evaluate the performance of the proposed secure solution in terms of accuracy, latency and communication cost. We also perform a scalability analysis to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution as the data size and the number of parties increase.
Lithospheric structure of an incipient rift basin: Results from receiver function analysis of Bransfield Strait, NW Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract Bransfield Basin (BB), located northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and southeast of the South Shetland Islands (SSI), is the most active section of the Antarctic continental margin. The region has long been (50 Ma) a convergent plate boundary where the Phoenix plate was subducting beneath the Antarctic Plate and is characterized by long-lived arc magmatism and accretion. However, the collision of the Antarctic-Phoenix spreading center with the subduction front near SSI (ca. 4 Ma) gave way to the opening of slab windows and dramatic decrease in the subduction rate of the Phoenix plate beneath AP and SSI. Consequently, the Phoenix slab began to rollback slowly along the South Shetland Trench (SST), giving way to slow extension in the back-arc region and rifting along the BB. Although there is consensus on the factors that control the current deformation and extension of the BB, the origin of the BB and the tectonic configuration of the basin are still unclear. Most of the controversy stems from uncertainties regarding the crustal thickness of the BB. Hence, we computed teleseismic receiver functions for 10 broadband stations in the region that belong to existing permanent and temporary deployments in order obtain robust constraints on the lithospheric structure and crustal thickness of the BB, as well as the AP and SSI. Our results indicate that the crust is thinning from 30 km to 26 km from the AP towards the South Shetland trench and Central BB showing the asymmetrical character of the rift basin. The crustal thickness and Vp/Vs variations are less pronounced along the AP but very significant across the SSB indicating the lithospheric scale segmentation of the South Shetland Block (SSB) and the incipient rift basin under the control of the opening of slab window and the roll-back of stalled Phoenix slab. High Vp/Vs ratios (∼1.9) beneath BB and SSI, agree well with the nascent rift character of BB, the presence of a steep Phoenix slab and consequently a wider mantle wedge characterized by the presence of underplating partial melts beneath SSI and BB.
Poltical Violence, Terrorism, and Elites

In many countries, including the United States, countering terrorism is linked to military action (though counterterrorism can include non-military approaches (see Chap. 10). As a result, terrorism, like military affairs, can be viewed as a man’s game, associated with the need for tough and assertive leadership. This sentiment arguably surfaced in November of the United States’ 2016 presidential election, when Donald Trump discussed Hillary Clinton’s qualifications. He said, “When I look at these great admirals and these great generals and these great medal of honor recipients behind me ― to think of her being their boss? I don’t think so” (Diamond 2016 [np]). Trump’s claim came years after Clinton had served as Secretary of State. Although Clinton had experience dealing with diplomacy as well as terrorism in that post – including being part of the decision to take out Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden – Trump deemed her unfit for military leadership and broader executive leadership. Moreover, earlier in the campaign he claimed she did not have the physical and mental stamina to fight ISIS.
Bridging the Gap: Collaboration between a School of Pharmacy, Public Health, and Governmental Organizations to provide Clinical and Economic Services to Medicare Beneficiaries

Objective: Promoting healthy communities through the provision of accessible quality healthcare services is a common mission shared by schools of pharmacy, public health departments, and governmental agencies. The following study seeks to identify and detail the benefits of collaboration between these different groups. Methods: In total, 112 mobile clinics targeting Medicare beneficiaries were held in 20 cities across Northern/Central California from 2007 to 2016. Under the supervision of licensed pharmacists, trained student pharmacists provided vaccinations, health screenings, Medicare Part D plan optimization services, and Medication Therapy Management (MTM) to patients at each clinic site. Clinic support was extended by public health departments, governmental agency partners, and a health professional program. Results: Since clinic inception, 8,996 patients were provided services. In total, 19,441 health screenings and 3,643 vaccinations were collectively provided to clinic patients. We assisted 5,549 beneficiaries with their Part D benefit, resulting in an estimated aggregate out-of-pocket drug cost savings of $5.7 million. Comprehensive MTM services were provided to 4,717 patients during which 8,184 medication-related problem (MRP) were identified. In 15.3% of patients, the MRP was determined severe enough to warrant prescriber follow-up. In total, 42.9% of clinic patients were from racial/ethnic minority groups and 25.5% had incomes ≤150% of the Federal Poverty Level. Conclusion: Collaboration between a school of pharmacy, public health departments, and governmental organizations can effectively serve Medicare beneficiary populations and result in: 1) lower out-of-pocket drug costs, 2) minimization of medication-related problems, 3) increased vaccination uptake, and 4) increased utilization of health screenings. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties. Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB review/approval required and obtained Type: Original Research
The Structure of Hegel’s Argument in the Phenomenology of Spirit

In previous chapters I have argued that Hegel’s method generates a second-level realism, that is, that his examination of forms of consciousness purports to result in an account of the real nature of knowledge and its objects. I have also argued that the ontological aspect of Hegel’s brand of idealism is a realist account of the world, and thus is compatible with epistemological realism. However, I have only suggested that the form of consciousness purported to result from his examination is itself realist at the first-order level of empirical knowledge, and I have said nothing about the putative social and historical bases of this final form of consciousness. Though substantiating my interpretation of these matters would require a commentary unto itself, I owe the reader some specific indication of how to approach the body of Hegel’s text in view of the issues I have emphasized in earlier chapters. This chapter aims to make plausible my contention that there is a unified, sustained, if complex, argument throughout the body of the Phenomenology of Spirit, an epistemological argument purporting to prove that epistemological realism is true and that empirical knowledge is socially and historically grounded.
Fetal pyelectasis and Down syndrome: is genetic amniocentesis warranted?

An association between pyelectasis and Down syndrome has recently been reported. The purpose of this investigation was twofold: 1) to test the hypothesis that pyelectasis is more common in fetuses with Down syndrome, and 2) to determine whether genetic amniocentesis should be offered when dilated renal pelves are identified during fetal ultrasound examination. The study population of 5944 fetuses was separated into two groups by infant outcome: 1) phenotypically and/or chromosomally normal, and 2) chromosomally abnormal. Each group was examined for the presence of pyelectasis, defined as an anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter of 4 mm or greater before 33 weeks or 7 mm or greater after 33 weeks. Pyelectasis was observed in 17.4% (four of 23) of Down syndrome fetuses versus only 2% (120 of 5876) of normal controls, a statistically significant difference (P less than .001). The predictive value of pyelectasis for Down syndrome (one in 90) compares favorably with other accepted indications for genetic amniocentesis, such as advanced maternal age and low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP). When fetuses with concomitant sonographic abnormalities were excluded, the predictive value of isolated pyelectasis fell to one in 340. We conclude that although renal pyelectasis is more common in Down syndrome fetuses, genetic amniocentesis should be reserved for those cases presenting other risk factors such as advanced maternal age, low MSAFP, or other sonographic abnormalities.
Voyager far UV observations of Markarian 509

Voyager far ultraviolet (500–1700 A) observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 509 are presented. Markarian 509 was observed for 4.2 hours on day 87/014, for 8.8 hours on day 87/016, for 2.6 hours on day 87/019 and for 4.2 hours on day 87/023 with the ultraviolet spectrometer on board the Voyager 2 spacecraft. The average flux at 1050 A during these observations of Markarian 509 was 3.67 × 10−12 ergs cm−2 sec−1 A−1. This flux value is approximately ten times higher than the brightest IUE SWP image of Markarian 509. The continuum of both observations is similar and is flat throughout the far UV spectral region and no flux shortward of 912 A is seen. This result for Markarian 509 implies that either this galaxy was unexpectedly bright during the Voyager observations or that the spectrum measured is instead due to a nearby luminous accretion disk system, such as a cataclysmic variable. However, an optical survey of the region has not produced any potential candidates.