cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the reaction O(3P) + SO2 + M SO3 + M over the temperature range of 299°–440°K

Rate constants for the reaction O(3P) + SO2 + M have been determined over the temperature range of 299°–440°K, using a flash photolysis–NO2 chemiluminescence technique. For MAr, the Arrhenius expression was obtained. At room temperature k2Ar = (1.05 ± 0.21) × 10−33 cm6/molec2·sec. In addition, the rate constants k2 = (1.37 + 0.27) × 10−33 cm6/molec2·sec, k2 = (9.5 ± 3.0) ± 10−33 cm6/molec2·sec, k3 = (1.1 ± 0.2) ± 10−31 cm6/molec2·sec, and k3 = (2.6 − 0.9) ± 10−31 cm6/molec2·sec were obtained at room temperature where k3M is the rate constant for the reaction O + NO + M NO2 + M. The rate data are compared and discussed with literature values.
The H2 Visa process in the catfish industry

This article builds on global ethnography, transnational feminist sociology, and gendered organizations to examine the processes and practices required to obtain H2 visas, temporary work permits for non-U.S. citizens seeking employment in agriculture and non-agricultural sectors. The article is based on ethnographic observation at a U.S. Consulate in Mexico with a focus on observing the process experienced by a group of Mexican workers seeking H2-A Visas to work on a catfish farm in Mississippi. I argue that by more carefully examining the roles and perspectives of the catfish farm manager and a U.S. Consulate Director in the process of obtaining the H2-A visas, we can move beyond “globalization from above” or “globalization from below” perspectives to a more nuanced understanding of what transnationalism looks like from the middle. In addition, by applying a gendered organizations framework to understanding the H2 visa process at an interactional level, I demonstrate how the definition of the “good worker” is gendered.
Temporal variation in population structure of the isopod Urobopyrus processae Richardson, 1904 (Isopoda: Bopyridae) infesting the branchial chamber of the night shrimp Ambidexter symmetricus Manning and Chace, 1971 (Decapoda: Processidae)

Caridean shrimps are often infested by ectoparasites from the isopod family Bopyridae. Urobopyrus processae is a widespread species of bopyrid parasitizing the branchial (gill) chambers of members of the caridean family Processidae, including Ambidexter symmetricus. We examined hypotheses on differential infestation based on gender, castration of the host by the parasite, correlation between host and parasite size, and the fecundity of female parasites. Infestation rates varied from 1.3 to 32.1% between 2010 and 2011. Infested shrimps ranged from 1.26 mm to 6.24 mm carapace length (CL) between 2010 and 2011. Female shrimps were infested at a higher rate than males (2010 P = 0.0376; 2011 P = 0.0023). We report for the first time the differential selection between left and right branchial chambers in a caridean shrimp by a bopyrid parasite (P = 0.0209). Female parasite total length (TL) increased with host size (CL) in both years of sampling (2010 R2adj = 0.6863; 2011 R2adj= 0.8206). The size of male parasite TL was explained by both host CL (2010 R2adj = 0.4591; 2011 R2adj = 0.5490) and parasite female TL (2010 R2adj = 0.5606; 2011 R2adj = 0.6195). The number of embryos in a brood of the female parasite (85-3096) was varied positively with female TL (R2adj = 0.625). Our results show that the bopyrid-shrimp host relationship in processids is typical of those studied in other carideans, indicating similar selective pressures act on bopyrids infesting the branchial chambers of shrimps.
Competing Interactions: Charge Density Waves and Impurities

Electron-phonon interactions lead to the formation of charge-density-waves (CDW), which have been observed in several inorganic linear chain materials. Because of the absence of a gap in the CDW excitation spectrum, impurities have a profound influence on the statics and dynamics of charge-density-waves. They lead to the absence of long range order, to smearing of the phase transitions and pinning of the collective mode. These effects are discussed by presenting experimental results on several model systems.
Earth-Abundant Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) Solar Cells

In recent years, copper (Cu)-based quaternary kesterite compounds—Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), Cu2ZnSnSe4(CZTSe), and mixed chalcogenide Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 (CZTSSe) have emerged as the potential alternative to the existing CIGS and CdTe absorbers in thin film solar cells. Comprising of earth-abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally benign consituent elements CZTS(Se) is an excellent choice for thin film photovoltaic absorber with tunable direct bandgap (1.0–1.5 eV), large optical absorption coefficient (>104 cm−1), and p-type conductivity. This chapter presents an overview of the various vacuum and non-vacuum based techniques employed for the preparation of CZTS(Se) absorber layer and discuss the physical properties of the material, defect physics, and photovoltaic performances of high-efficiency solar cells achieved following various absorber preparation routes.
Determination of the surface corrugation amplitude from classical atom scattering

The energy landscape of an atomic or molecular projectile interacting with a surface is often described in terms of a corrugation function that gives the classical turning point as a function of position vector parallel to the surface. It is shown here that the relative height variation of the corrugation function for scattering of atoms under classical conditions can be determined by a measurement of the maximum intensity in energy-resolved scattering spectra as a function of surface temperature. This is demonstrated by developing a semiclassical quantum theory of atomic scattering from corrugated surfaces and then extending the theory to the classical limit of large incident energies and high surface temperatures. Comparisons of calculations with available data for Ar atom scattering determine the corrugation amplitude for a molten In surface to be about 29% of the mean interparticle spacing in the bulk liquid.
Low-Temperature Grain Boundary Diffusion Data Measured from Historical Artifacts

Diffusion processes in typical metals are slow at room temperature but there are many applications for which very long-term use is envisaged and stability needs to be assured over a timescale of 10, 000 years, where even slow processes can be important. It is common to perform accelerated tests at higher temperatures and extrapolate the necessary information from the measurements so obtained. We have tested the validity of this type of extrapolation for room-temperature, grain boundary diffusion in the copper-silver system, by measuring low-temperature diffusion profiles in antique samples of Sheffield plate.
Estimation of rice production at regional scale with a Light Use Efficiency model and MODIS time series

This study presents the application of a Light Use Efficiency model that exploits MODIS satellite data to assess rice yield in Italy. Field experimental data acquired in 2003 and 2004 were used to define model’s parameters (Radiation Use Efficiency and Harvest Index) and to calibrate the relation between MODIS-EVI and the fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR). Satellite images were used to spatially estimate fAPAR and key phenological rice stages that control biomass accumulation. The maps of rice yield estimates for the year 2002, 2003 and 2004 were compared to official statistics and showed a good agreement with an inter-annual relative RMSE ranging from 15 to 17%.
Results of recent South Carolina seismological studies

Abstract Understanding of the South Carolina seismic zone and the 1886 Charleston earthquake is much improved today as a result of seismological studies which began in 1973. A permanent seismic network was installed in 1974 in South Carolina between Charleston on the Atlantic Coast and Columbia in the central part of the state. Temporary field networks of portable instruments were established in the epicentral areas of earthquakes near reservoirs in the northwest part of the state. The seismic network data have provided precise hypocenter determinations in previously known zones of continuing activity near Middleton Place and Summerville, Bowman, and in a newly identified source of seismicity near Adams Run. Several new composite focal mechanisms were determined, and abundant aftershock data were acquired. Results of recent geophysical and geological studies, when combined with the seismological results, indicate two seismic regimes in South Carolina. The first regime covers the buried basement structure of the middle and lower Coastal Plain province, which has been shown by geophysical studies to be quite unlike Piedmont province structures to the northwest. The Middleton Place-Summerville and Bowman seismic zones are associated with buried early Mesozoic basins and large, elongate mafic intrusives inferred from coincident positive aeromagnetic and gravity anomalies. The current seismicity is concentrated in clusters rather than distributed along a northwest-trending fault zone as suggested earlier by various workers. The second regime covers the exposed Piedmont province and the upper Coastal Plain. Earthquake activity may be associated with strain release on or near mapped faults or contacts between metamorphic belts. In particular, studies of aftershock and microearthquake activity in the vicinity of reservoirs indicates that in areas of high ambient stress, the seismicity appears to be induced by fluctuations in the impounded water and pore pressure at depth.
Type I receptor serine-threonine kinase preferentially expressed in pulmonary blood vessels

Type II and type I receptor serine-threonine kinases (RSTK) are important components of the transmembrane signaling machinery that allow cells to respond to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of cytokines. We have cloned from rat lung and report here a 3,935-base pair (bp) cDNA encoding a type I RSTK previously identified as R-3 (rat) or ALK-1 (human). Northern blot analysis reveals that the R-3 mRNA is more abundant in lung than in other adult rat tissues. With the use of in situ hybridization, the R-3 transcripts are found exclusively in the pulmonary vessels of all sizes, as well as in aorta, vena cava, and certain blood vessels of kidney, spleen, heart and intestine. In most blood vessels, a higher level of gene expression is found in endothelium than in adjacent smooth muscle. The R-3 transcripts are also found in splenic macrophages, as well as within cells of marginal zone of the splenic lymphoid tissue. In fetal rat lung, the expression of R-3 transcripts differs from the expression patterns of two other type 1 RSTK. The R-3 is expressed in vessels; the activin type IB receptor (R-2) is preferentially expressed in putative developing airways, whereas the TGF-beta type I receptor (R-4) transcripts appear to be ubiquitous. Our data suggest that in vivo R-3 may propagate signaling of TGF-beta in selected cell types. The differential expression of multiple type I receptors within different cell lineages may therefore define cell specific responses to TGF-beta.
Research on reliability evaluation model for frequency collapse of power grid

In order to comprehensively consider the possibility and the severity of frequency instability risk,this paper proposes the risk evaluation model and algorithm for frequency collapse of power grid.The uncertainties in generating dispatch,network topology and component outage are considered.The calculation method for system frequency variation is depicted while considering the active power deficiency arising from random failure of generating units,and then various probabilistic risk indices for frequency collapse are defined.The presented method can provide important reference information for evaluating the frequency collapse risk of power grid.The non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation-based results of IEEE-RTS79 show the correctness of the method.
Study on the maturation of rice wine

Improving the quality of rice wine by storage is a common characteristic of rice wine in China.The ageing,calculation of age and relationship of quality with storage condition and container of rice wine were discussed in the article.
Overall Survival as an Endpoint in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

To the Editor: In a recent issue of Blood, Jones and Wilson[1][1] and Kurzrock et al[2][2] exchange differing views as to the value of total skin electron beam radiation (TSE) in the management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Much attention is given to overall survival rates; I believe this
Software Modeling and Design: Use Case Modeling

The requirements of a system describe what the user expects from the system – in other words, what the system will do for the user. When defining the requirements of a system, the system should be viewed as a black box, so that only the external characteristics of the system are considered. Both functional and nonfunctional requirements need to be considered. Requirements modeling consists of requirements analysis and requirements specification. Use case modeling is an approach for describing the functional requirements of the system, as described in this chapter. The system's data requirements in terms of the information that needs to be stored by the system are determined using static modeling, as described in Chapter 7. The inputs to the system and the outputs from the system are described initially in the use case models and then specified in more detail during static modeling. This chapter gives an overview of software requirements analysis and specification in Section 6.1. It then goes on to describe the use case approach to defining functional requirements, as well as how to extend use cases to describe nonfunctional requirements. This chapter describes the concepts of actors and use cases , and then goes on to describe use case relationships, in particular, the include and extend relationships. Section 6.2 gives an overview of use case modeling followed by an example of a simple use case. Section 6.3 then describes actors and their role in use case modeling.
Bioturbation by gophers and marmots and its effects on conifer germination

Although climate has been shown to have a considerable influence on alpine forest dynamics, many fine-scale processes contribute to observable forest patterns. Disturbances created by burrowing mammals may provide conifer seedlings with refuge in previously inhospitable environments and may result in conifer invasion that is not directly associated with climate change. In Olympic National Park, Washington, USA, Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) populations have declined. Abandoned marmot burrows, which may provide ideal sites for conifer establishment, now dot the alpine landscape. Similarly, in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) have disturbed large areas of alpine meadows at treeline. Field and laboratory analysis of gopher ‘eskers’ and spoil mounds of abandoned marmot burrows illustrated that such sites are less compacted than soils in adjacent, undisturbed locations. Additionally, disturbed soils contained higher amounts of P and lower amounts of K and organic matter. Soils disturbed by gophers were cooler at the surface and warmer at depth than undisturbed soils, whereas marmot-disturbed soils were warmer at the surface and cooler at depth. Experimental seed germination of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) was higher on mammal-disturbed soils, and this was statistically significant for marmot-disturbed soils. These findings suggest that fossorial mammal disturbances have the potential to affect conifer germination and establishment. Furthermore, this research initiates the dialogue for future research on the distinct morphological and behavioral influences of different fossorial mammals as zoogeomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Symposium on metallurgy and technology of refractory metal alloys—A state-of-the-art review

During the past dozen years, refractory metal structural alloys have been advanced to commercial availability under the auspices of government-supported programs. Further technical progress is feasible, and is likely to be supported on a selective, need-oriented basis. To assess the latest state-of-the-art information, thereby guiding current applications and future research, invited papers were presented at a Symposium on Metallurgy and Technology of the Refractory Metal Alloys, sponsored by the Refractory Metals Committee of The Metallurgical Society (IMD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Symposium, held in Washington, D. C. on April 25 and 26, 1968, was organized into four sessions covering critical analyses of selected topics in (1) physical and mechanical metallurgy, (2) reactions with gases and liquids, (3) applications and technology and (4) alloy development. Papers listed in the reference section will be published in a proceedings volume, fifth in the series documenting Refractory Metal Committee Conferences. Some aspects of the papers are presented in the following pages. However, interested readers should study the symposium publication, when issued, for a comprehensive treatment. The Proceedings volume will be published by Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 West 17th Street, N. Y., N. Y. 10011, sometime in Mid-October.
A Survey: Runtime Software Systems for High Performance Computing

HPC system design and operation are challenged by the critical requirements for signicant advances in eciency, scalability, user productivity, and performance portability, even at the end of Moore's Law with approaching nano-scale semiconductor technology. Conventional practices employ distributed memory message passing programming interfaces, sometimes combining second level thread-based intra shared memory node interfaces such as OpenMP or with means of controlling heterogeneous components such as OpenCL for GPUs. While these methods include some modest runtime control, they are principally course grained and statically scheduled. Yet, performance for many real-world applications yield eciencies of less than 10% although some benchmarks may achieve 80% eciency or better (e.g., HPL). To address these challenges, strategies employing runtime software systems are being pursued to exploit information about the status of the application and the system hardware operation throughout the execution for purposes of introspection to guide the task scheduling and resource management in support of dynamic adaptive control. Runtime systems provide adaptive means to reduce the eects of starvation, latency, overhead, and contention. While each is unique in its details, many share common properties such as multi-tasking either preemptive or non-preemptive, message-driven computation such as active messages, sophisticated ne-grain synchronization such as dataow and futures contructs, global name or address spaces, and control policies for optimizing task scheduling in part to address the uncertainty of asynchrony. This survey will identify key parameters and properties of modern and sometimes experimental runtime systems actively employed today and provide a detailed description, summary, and comparison within a shared space of dimensions. It is not the intent of this paper to determine which is better or worse but rather to provide sucient detail to permit the reader to select among them according to individual need.
Elements of a Quantitative Genetic Model of Life History Evolution

Much of the theory of life history evolution is based on optimization models that attempt to predict the equilibrium state(s) of a population by maximizing its growth rate, subject to ad hoc constraints and trade-offs between individual growth, reproduction, and survival (Stearns 1977). However, the types of evolutionary processes that produce life histories that are optimal in some sense can only be determined from genetic models of selection in age-structured populations (Charlesworth 1980). For example, frequency-dependent selection can produce maladaptive evolution, decreasing the mean fitness in a population (Wright 1969, Chapter 5). Despite their greater complexity, genetic models incorporating evolutionary constraints in measurable patterns of genetic variation and natural selection have the advantage of providing a dynamic rather than a static description of evolution and provide a framework for quantitative testing of hypotheses about constraints on life history evolution.
Role of Combustion Chemistry in Low-Temperature Deposition of Metal Oxide Thin Films from Solution

Metal-oxide thin films find many uses in (opto)electronic and renewable energy technologies. Their deposition by solution methods aims to reduce manufacturing costs relative to vacuum deposition while achieving comparable electronic properties. Solution deposition on temperature-sensitive substrates (e.g., plastics), however, remains difficult due to the need to produce dense films with minimal thermal input. Here, we investigate combustion thin-film deposition, which has been proposed to produce high-quality metal-oxide films with little externally applied heat, thereby enabling low-temperature fabrication. We compare chemical composition, chemical structure, and evolved species from reactions of several metal nitrate [In(NO3)3, Y(NO3)3, and Mg(NO3)2] and fuel additive (acetylacetone and glycine) mixtures in bulk and thin-film forms. We observe combustion in bulk materials but not in films. It appears acetylacetone is removed from the films before the nitrates, whereas glycine persists in the film beyond...
Load balancing with energy storage systems based on co-simulation of multiple smart buildings and distribution networks

In this paper, we present a co-simulation framework that combines two main simulation tools, one that provides detailed multiple building energy simulation ability with Energy-Plus being the core engine, and the other one that is a distribution level simulator, Matpower. Such a framework can be used to develop and study district level optimization techniques that exploit the interaction between a smart electric grid and buildings as well as the interaction between buildings themselves to achieve energy and cost savings and better energy management beyond what one can achieve through techniques applied at the building level only. We propose a heuristic algorithm to do load balancing in distribution networks affected by service restoration activities. Balancing is achieved through the use of utility directed usage of battery energy storage systems (BESS). This is achieved through demand response (DR) type signals that the utility communicates to individual buildings. We report simulation results on two test cases constructed with a 9-bus distribution network and a 57-bus distribution network, respectively. We apply the proposed balancing heuristic and show how energy storage systems can be used for temporary relief of impacted networks.
Assessment of PCXMC for patients with different body size in chest and abdominal x ray examinations: a Monte Carlo simulation study.

A PC Program for x ray Monte Carlo (PCXMC) has been used to calculate organ doses in patient dosimetry and for the exposure assessment in epidemiological studies of radiogenic health related risks. This study compared the dosimetry from using the built-in stylized phantoms in the PCXMC to that of a newer hybrid phantom library with improved anatomical realism. We simulated chest and abdominal x ray projections for 146 unique body size computational phantoms, 77 males and 69 females, with different combinations of height (125–180 cm) and weight (20–140 kg) using the built-in stylized phantoms in the PCXMC version 2.0.1.4 and the hybrid phantom library using the Monte Carlo N-particle eXtended transport code 2.7 (MCNPX). Unfortunately, it was not possible to incorporate the hybrid phantom library into the PCXMC. We compared 14 organ doses, including dose to the active bone marrow, to evaluate differences between the built-in stylized phantoms in the PCXMC and the hybrid phantoms (Cristy and Eckerman 1987 Technical Report ORNL/TM-8381/V1, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eckerman and Ryman 1993 Technical Report 12 Oak Ridge, TN, Geyer et al 2014 Phys. Med. Biol. 59 5225–42). On average, organ doses calculated using the built-in stylized phantoms in the PCXMC were greater when compared to the hybrid phantoms. This is most prominent in AP abdominal exams by an average factor of 2.4-, 2.8-, and 2.8-fold for the 10-year-old, 15-year-old, and adult phantoms, respectively. For chest exams, organ doses are greater by an average factor of 1.1-, 1.4-, and 1.2-fold for the 10-year-old, 15-year-old, and adult phantoms, respectively. The PCXMX, due to its ease of use, is often selected to support dosimetry in epidemiological studies; however, it uses simplified models of the human anatomy that fail to account for variations in body morphometry for increasing weight. For epidemiological studies that use PCXMC dosimetry, associations between radiation-related disease risks and organ doses may be underestimated, and to a greater degree in pediatric, especially obese pediatric, compared to adult patients.
Probing Apical-Basal Differences in the Human Cochlea Using Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Phase.

Distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) phase is shaped by interaction between the evoking stimulus waves. Near-invariant at high frequencies, DPOAE phase-vs-frequency functions measured at fixed ratios bend into sloping functions at low frequencies. The different phase behaviors observed suggest that the mechanics underlying the generation of OAEs differ in the halves of the cochlea. To map out the phenomenological extent of low-to-mid frequency phase bends, this study recorded DPOAE responses from 20 normal-hearing human adult ears for a wide range of stimulus frequencies, f1 and f2, where f2 frequency sweeps from 0.25 to 8 kHz, and the f2/f1 ratio varies from 1.05 to 1.49. Our preliminary results show two transitions in the phase slopes. One near 2.6 kHz in agreement with the literature, and another of opposite polarity near 0.75 kHz which has not been reported before. We find that the f2 frequencies marking these defining phase features are invariant with stimulus ratio. Even as the underlying mechanics remain unknown, the invariance opens the door for DPOAE phase to reliably characterize apical-basal differences across age groups and species.
Vedolizumab in the treatment of Crohn’s disease of the pouch

Background Our recent study showed the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in the treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis. However, there are no published studies on its efficacy and safety in Crohn's disease (CD) of the pouch. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in those patients. Methods This case series included all eligible patients with CD of the pouch from our prospectively maintained, IRB-approved Pouchitis Registry from 2015 to 2017. Disease activity in pouch patients can be monitored using the modified Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (mPDAI). mPDAI is the 18-point pouchitis disease activity index consisting of three principal component scores: symptom (range, 0-6 points), endoscopy, (range 0-6 points), and histology (range, 2-6 points). Pre- and post- treatment (minimum 6 months) pouchoscopy and clinical visits were used to calculate mPDAI. Results A total of 12 patients were included in this study, who had restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis for medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The mean age at the time of pre-colectomy diagnosis of UC was 25.0 ± 11.5 years. The mean current age was 41.0 ± 12.1 years, nine (75.0%) were female, three (25.0%) had smoked and eight (66.7%) had used anti-tumor necrosis factor agents prior to vedolizumab use. The mean duration of vedolizumab use was 1.0 ± 6.4 years. There was a significant reduction in mPDAI symptom subscores after vedolizumab therapy (3.50 ± 1.93 vs 5.08 ± 0.79, P = 0.015). The pre- and post-treatment mean endoscopy subscores were 1.25 ± 1.36 and 0.91 ± 1.50 in the afferent limb (P = 0.583); 2.58 ± 1.68 and 2.27 ± 2.05 (P = 0.701) in the pouch body; and 2.67 ± 1.93 and 2.09 ± 2.12 (P = 0.511) in the cuff, respectively. None of the patients experienced side effects throughout the vedolizumab therapy. Conclusion The findings of our study suggests that vedolizumab appears to be effective and safe in reducing the symptoms in patients with CD of the pouch.
Long-Reach Wavelength-Routed TWDM PON: Technology and Deployment

We present a long-reach wavelength-routed time-wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) passive optical network (PON) architecture (LRWR-PON) and its commercial implementation, which supports up to 768 users per fiber strand and up to 50-km transmission distance. The increased reach allows central offices to become more flexible and fewer in quantity, while the increased aggregation reduces the size and number of optical cables needed, enabling smaller trenches to be used. LRWR-PON also contains eight additional point-to-point wavelengths on each fiber to support wireless sites and/or high-speed dedicated bandwidth applications, greatly simplifying converged network designs. Multiple new optical components and modules have been developed to implement our novel architecture. These include a cyclic arrayed waveguide grating to passively aggregate and distribute access wavelengths in the field, an integrated optical amplifier and multiplexer combination device to aggregate optical line terminal (OLT) channels and extend the system reach, several dense wavelength division multiplexing OLT optics, and a colorless TWDM optical network terminal employing low-cost tunable burst-mode lasers. Our analysis shows the simplification of the civil construction enabled by LRWR-PON greatly outweighs the increased optical component complexity. To date, we have conducted a successful field trial with 606 real-life customers for more than 15 months and we have been rolling out LRWR-PON in Google Fiber markets for production services.
Psychological and Psychiatric Consequences of Inhalants

Easily available, inexpensive, simple to conceal, and legal to possess, inhalants occupy a peculiar position among substances of abuse. Even defining the group of substances to be discussed has proven difficult, and terms such as glue-sniffing, solvent use, or volatile substance use have been suggested. Classifying these substances as inhalants, though perhaps the least misleading practice, is overly broad: Many psychoactive substances are, or can be, inhaled, yet cannabis, cocaine, or heroin are not classified as inhalants. Conversely, nitrite vasodilators or anesthetic gases, though sharing with the inhalants the route of ingestion, differ markedly in pharmacologic and toxicologic properties as well as the populations at risk for use, and are generally not considered to be members of the same class of abusable substance. What is left, therefore, is a heterogeneous collection of fuel gases, industrial solvents, cleaning agents, paints, and related compounds, sharing a common route of use and some chemical and pharmacological characteristics (Beauvais & Oetting, 1987).
Piezo- and pyro-electricity in polymer electrets

In 1960 Gubkin1 published an electrostatic theory of piezoelectricity which did not involve the microscopic structure of the electret. This approach would seem to be a good description of the phenomenon of piezoelectricity in polymer materials, many of which are partially or completely amorphous. We applied Gubkin's model to a specific set of experimental conditions, which resulted in some simplifications. These conditions are: 1. We measure changes in surface charge at nearly zero potential. 2. We use thin evaporated metal electrodes so that the electrodes change area in accord with changes in specimen area, A. 3. We consider only amorphous specimens which we assume to be elastically isotropic. 4. We assume the free charges to be frozen in the solid and to move in proportion to macroscopic strains, and the polarization charges to be rigid molecular dipoles whose positions move in proportion to macroscopic strains but whose effective total moment remains constant as long as the strains are isotropic.
The Edge of Randomness

Up to now I have been trying to capture the elusive notion of chance by looking at binary strings, the most ingenuous image of a succession of sensory events. Since most binary strings cannot be compressed, one would conclude that randomness is pervasive. However, the data streams of our consciousness do, in fact, exhibit some level of coherence. The brain processes sensory images and unravels the masses of data it receives, somehow anchoring our impressions by allowing patterns to emerge from the noise. If what we observe is not entirely random, it doesn’t mean, however, that it is deterministic. It is only that the correlations that appear in space and time lead to recognizable patterns that allow, as the poet Robert Frost puts it, “a temporary stay against confusion.” In the world that we observe there is evidently a tension between order and disorder, between surprise and inevitability.
Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy (Calciphylaxis)

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), also referred to as calciphylaxis, is a poorly understood syndrome of vascular calcification and cutaneous necrosis first described in 1898 when its presence was associated with uremia. At present, it is believed to be caused by arteriolar calcification and cutaneous plaque formation which causes vascular stenosis which predisposes to thrombotic occlusion causing tissue ischemia and violaceous skin lesions that may progress to nonhealing ulceration and gangrene which may lead to amputation, sepsis, and death. Although there are many reports of calciphylaxis associated with nonuremic causes, the majority of cases occur in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. It is likely that uremia creates a favorable milieu for extraskeletal deposition of hydroxyapatite in soft tissues including small vessels, predisposing to thrombus formation, and the development of calciphylaxis. In this chapter, the authors present a discussion of the basic and clinical aspects of the disease process as well as novel therapeutic options.
Broken arrow: Successful retrieval of a dislodged coronary orbital atherectomy microtip

A 68-year-old female with a history of coronary artery disease and prior bypass surgery presented for staged percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to a calcified and angulated ostial left circumflex (LCX) artery lesion after PCI of the anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery - to left anterior descending artery. Orbital atherectomy of the LCX was performed at a speed of 80,000 RPM with multiple passes, and was complicated by device microtip dislodgement and entrapment within the vessel. After advancing a "buddy" wire beyond the microtip, a tapered microcatheter was advanced over the ViperWire and into the edge of the broken microtip and torqued into the microtip with forward pressure using the 0.014 in ViperWire tip as a "backstop." The guidewire, microcatheter, and microtip were then successfully removed as a unit and the intervention with stent placement was completed over the "buddy" wire. Scanning electron microscopy of the shaft revealed evidence of cyclic fatigue, indicating that the fracture occurred while spinning. The fracture when performing atherectomy in a model coronary artery with a radius of approximately 6 mm. This represents a first case of microtip dislodgement and entrapment during the use of a coronary orbital atherctomy device.short.
Energy Level Alignment of Molybdenum Oxide on Colloidal Lead Sulfide (PbS) Thin Films for Optoelectronic Devices

Interfacial charge transport in optoelectronic devices is dependent on energetic alignment that occurs via a number of physical and chemical mechanisms. Herein, we directly connect device performance with measured thickness-dependent energy-level offsets and interfacial chemistry of 1,2-ethanedithiol-treated lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots and molybdenum oxide. We show that interfacial energetic alignment results from partial charge transfer, quantified via the chemical ratios of Mo5+ relative to Mo6+. The combined effect mitigates leakage current in both the dark and the light, relative to a metal contact, with an overall improvement in open circuit voltage, fill factor, and short circuit current.
The policy consequences of cascade blindness

One way to reduce waste and to make a system more robust is to allow its components to pool resources. For example, banks might insure each other or share a common capital reserve. Systems whose resources have been pooled in this way are highly prevalent in such diverse domains as finance, infrastructure, health care, emergency response and engineering. However, these systems have a combination of characteristics that leave them vulnerable to poor decision-making: non-linearity of risk; obvious rewards combined with hidden costs; and political and market incentives that encourage inadequate safety margins. Three studies demonstrate a tendency for managers of such systems to underestimate the probability of cascading failures. We describe a series of behaviorally based policy interventions to mitigate the resulting hazards.
Machine learning in intrusion detection

Detection of anomalies in data is one of the fundamental machine learning tasks. Anomaly detection provides the core technology for a broad spectrum of security-centric applications. In this dissertation, we examine various aspects of anomaly based intrusion detection in computer security. First, we present a new approach to learn program behavior for intrusion detection. Text categorization techniques are adopted to convert each process to a vector and calculate the similarity between two program activities. Then the k-Nearest Neighbor classifier is employed to classify program behavior as normal or intrusive. We demonstrate that our approach is able to effectively detect intrusive program behavior while a low false positive rate is achieved. Second, we describe an adaptive anomaly detection framework that is designed to handle concept drift and online learning for dynamic, changing environments. Through the use of unsupervised evolving connectionist systems, normal behavior changes are efficiently accommodated while anomalous activities can still be recognized. We demonstrate the performance of our adaptive anomaly detection systems and show that the false positive rate can be significantly reduced. Third, we study methods to efficiently estimate the generalization performance of an anomaly detector and the training size requirements. An error bound for support vector machine based anomaly detection is introduced. Inverse power-law learning curves, in turn, are used to estimate how the accuracy of the anomaly detector improves when trained with additional samples. Finally, we present a game theoretic methodology for cost-benefit analysis and design of IDS. We use a simple two-person; nonzero-sum game to model the strategic interdependence between an IDS and an attacker. The solutions based on the game theoretic analysis integrate the cost-effectiveness and technical performance tradeoff of the IDS and identify the best defense and attack strategies.
Near-infrared compressive line sensing imaging system using individually addressable laser diode array

The compressive line sensing (CLS) active imaging system was proposed and validated through a series of test-tank experiments. As an energy-efficient alternative to the traditional line-scan serial image, the CLS system will be highly beneficial for long-duration surveillance missions using unmanned, power-constrained platforms such as unmanned aerial or underwater vehicles. In this paper, the application of an active spatial light modulator (SLM), the individually addressable laser diode array, in a CLS imaging system is investigated. In the CLS context, active SLM technology can be advantageous over passive SLMs such as the digital micro-mirror device. Initial experimental results are discussed.
A 17-Gene Genomic Prostate Score as a Predictor of Adverse Pathology in Men on Active Surveillance.

Purpose:The GPS (Oncotype Dx® Genomic Prostate Score) test is a RNA expression assay which can be performed on prostate biopsies. We sought to determine whether the GPS was associated with an incre...
Incorporating Information From Electronic and Social Media Into Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Patient Care: Survey Among Clinicians.

Background: Obtaining collateral information from a patient is an essential component of providing effective psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care. Research indicates that patients’ social and electronic media contains information relevant to their psychotherapy and clinical care. However, it remains unclear to what degree this content is being actively utilized by clinicians as a part of diagnosis or therapy. Moreover, clinicians’ attitudes around this practice have not been well characterized. Objective: This survey aimed to establish the current attitudes and behaviors of outpatient clinicians regarding the incorporation of patients’ social and electronic media into psychotherapy. Methods: A Web-based survey was sent to outpatient psychotherapists associated with McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. The survey asked clinicians to indicate to what extent and with which patients they reviewed patients’ social and electronic media content as part of their clinical practice, as well as their reasons for or against doing so. Results: Of the total 115 respondents, 71 (61.7%) indicated that they had viewed at least one patient’s social or electronic media as part of psychotherapy, and 65 of those 71 (92%) endorsed being able to provide more effective treatment as a result of this information. The use of either short message service text messages or email was significantly greater than the use of other electronic media platforms (χ21=24.1, n=115, P<.001). Moreover, the analysis of survey responses found patterns of use associated with clinicians’ years of experience and patient demographics, including age and primary diagnosis. Conclusions: The incorporation of patients’ social and electronic media into therapy is currently common practice among clinicians at a large psychiatric teaching hospital. The results of this survey have informed further questions about whether reviewing patient’s media impacts the quality and efficacy of clinical care.
Sea-level rise and vertical land motion on the Islands of Oahu and Hawaii, Hawaii

Abstract Sea-level rise is a highly publicized issue in the Hawaiian Islands because it is one of the main drivers for coastal hazards. In our study, multiple geodetic and in situ datasets are integrated to investigate the sea-level rise and vertical land motion on the islands of Oahu and Hawaii, Hawaii. The rates of relative sea-level changes are derived from the tide-gauge stations in the Hawaiian Islands, however the station located at Kawaihae, Hawaii presents a much higher trend than other stations. Our analysis shows that the questionable trend results from the sudden movement of the equipment on land, which is caused by a pair of earthquakes. After adjustment, we arrive at a revised and more consistent relative sea-level trend at this station. Our study shows that Oahu is vertically ‘stable’ (i.e., near-zero vertical land movement within uncertainties), and the relative sea-level change is dominated by the absolute sea-level change. However, the island of Hawaii was subsiding at −3.3 ± 0.9 mm/year before 1973 and changed to −1.2 ± 0.2 mm/year after 1975, which may relate to seismic activities and where relative sea-level change is attributed to both absolute sea-level change and vertical land motion. The difference in relative sea-level change between the islands of Oahu and Hawaii is due to the difference in vertical land motion rather than steric sea-level change. In addition, the ocean-mass components are the predominant factors that influence the long-term trends of absolute sea level on the islands of Oahu and Hawaii.
Device-level plug load disaggregation in a zero energy office building and opportunities for energy savings

Abstract Along with heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting, plug loads are one of the principal consumers of energy in commercial buildings. Managing ever-changing plug loads is a significant challenge given the quantity and variety of devices in commercial buildings and the cost of monitoring equipment. To address this issue, we propose a method for developing a disaggregated model of an office building's plug loads that utilizes power data from a small portion of monitored devices and a device inventory. Using data from metering and control devices in the Research Support Facility at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we compared our model to the building's plug load submeters. We found that the model was effective in predicting the shape of the building's average plug loads; however, it did not account for the entire magnitude of the load. With the disaggregated breakdown, we identified devices that contributed significantly to the building's unoccupied load, such as the audio visual equipment as well as devices that contributed significantly at specific times of the day, such as the microwaves at noon. This disaggregated information allows building owners to make more informed decisions with respect to plug load controls and energy efficiency upgrades. In addition, we highlight how the plug loads in the Research Support Facility have changed over time and offer recommendations for implementing this disaggregation method in other buildings.
Clinical Pharmacist’s Role in an Alcohol Detox Unit in a Correctional Setting:

Introduction:Newly incarcerated inmates with chronic alcohol use are at high risk for alcohol withdrawal. This descriptive study aims to describe the role of a clinical pharmacist within an alcohol...
Breaking the myths of competition: a cross-sectional analysis of injuries among CrossFit trained participants

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the injury rates of individuals engaged in CrossFit training and examine the risk of injury associated with competition. Study design Cross-sectional analysis. Methods Descriptive statistics, including injury incidence and rates, were examined for individuals reporting participation in a CrossFit sanctioned competition between 2013 and 2017. To examine the odds of being injured, we considered logistic regression models, where the primary independent measure was participation length—individual measures of interest included age, sex, body mass index, CrossFit affiliation and competition status. Results 3049 individuals completed the survey (60% completion rate). All competitors, regardless of competition level, had similar incidence of injury (χ2=1.1, p=0.571). For those who reported competing, our calculated injury rate was 0.21–0.54 injuries per 1000 training hours, while for those not competing, the injury rate was calculated as 0.39–1.30 injuries per 1000 training hours. Logistic regression demonstrated short length of participation in CrossFit training as the main factor associated with the odds of being injured (OR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.92). Additionally, training at an official CrossFit affiliate appeared to have a protective effect from injury (OR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.10). Conclusion Our findings provide evidence of the low risk of injury related to these events. Moreover, these findings support the notion that musculoskeletal injuries may be the result of poor progression plans, which may be minimised by participating in an official CrossFit affiliate.
Genetic Mutations in Young Nonsmoking Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review

ObjectiveThis investigation aims to review the known genetic mutations associated with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) in young adults with limited environmental risk factors (YLERs).Da...