cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground State and Low Excited States of a Boson Liquid with Applications to the Charged Boson System

The maximum deviation of the radial distribution function $g(r)$ from its asymptotic value, $g(\ensuremath{\infty})=1$, is used as an expansion parameter in calculating the properties of a degenerate boson system. The uniform limit, defined by the condition $1\ensuremath{-}g(0)\ensuremath{\ll}1$, holds at low densities under appropriate constraints on the Fourier transforms of the interaction potential and also at high densities for the charged-boson system. In the uniform limit a procedure based on (1) a Jastrow-type trial function, (2) the Wu-Feenberg functional for the kinetic energy, (3) the Kirkwood superposition approximation, or the more accurate Abe form for the three-particle distribution function, yields the Bogoliubov formulas for the ground-state energy and the excitation energies of a degenerate or nearly degenerate boson system. Results for the ground state of the high-density charged-boson system include $\frac{〈\mathrm{KE}〉}{N}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{5}\frac{〈\mathrm{PE}〉}{N}+O({{r}_{s}}^{0}),$ $\frac{E}{N}\ensuremath{\leqq}\ensuremath{-}\frac{0.8031}{{{r}_{s}}^{\frac{3}{4}}}+0.028.$ Numerical results are also computed at intermediate and moderately low densities ($0.01\ensuremath{\leqq}{r}_{s}\ensuremath{\leqq}100$).
Wave processes of temperature changes at the surface of the Black Sea

Based on the conception of the cyclic (wave) nature of the changes in the circulation of the atmosphere of the Atlantic-European sector (index of the North Atlantic oscillations) and surface temperature of the Black Sea on scales smaller or equal to the century scale, anomalies of the winter surface temperature are analyzed. It is shown that in the phase of the maximum of the presumably 60-year cycle of changes in the NAO index a negative anomaly of surface temperature forms and in the phase of minimum of this scale of changes of NAO, there is a positive anomaly. Estimates of the possible thermal state of the surface of the Black Sea during the phase of the expected minimum in 2011–2020 of the 60-year cycle (60-year wave) of the NAO index are made. The possibility of a phase shift between changes in solar activity, the NAO index, and anomalies of temperature of the Black Sea on the scales of cyclic (wave) processes larger than 100 years is considered.
The Internet as a Resource for Consumer Healthcare

With emerging access to the Internet and valuable healthcare resources online, healthcare consumers have quickly adopted the World Wide Web as a resource for healthcare information. Because growing numbers of consumers are accessing healthcare information online, it is important to explore how they are using this information in healthcare decision-making, and the eventual outcomes for their health.
Enhanced renal leukotriene production in murine lupus: role of lipoxygenase metabolites.

Enhanced renal leukotriene production in murine lupus: Role of lipoxygenase metabolites. To investigate the potential role of leuko-trienes in murine lupus, we measured renal hemodynamics and renal leukotriene production in MRL- lpr/lpr mice at 12 and 20 weeks of age. Over this age range, these animals develop overt manifestations of autoimmune disease with nephritis similar to human SLE. In the current study, we demonstrated that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and PAH clearance (C PAH ) deteriorated with age in MRL- lpr/lpr mice, but not in MRL-+/+ controls. Impaired renal hemodynamic function in MRL- lpr/lpr mice was associated with enhanced ionophore-stimulated production of both leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) and leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ) by preparations of renal cortex. There was a significant inverse correlation between GFR and in vitro production of both LTC 4 and LTB 4 in kidneys from MRL- lpr/lpr mice, but not in control animals. In addition, in vitro LTC 4 production was correlated with the severity of renal histomorphologic abnormalities. Administration of the specific peptido-leukotriene receptor antagonist SKF104353 to 20 week old MRL-lpr/lpr mice significantly improved both GFR and C PAH , whereas this agent had no effect of renal hemodynamics in MRL-+/+ controls. These results suggest that renal production of LTC 4 and LTB 4 is increased in MRL- lpr/lpr mice with nephritis, and that enhanced production of peptidoleukotrienes causes reversible renal dysfunction. Increased leukotriene production within the kidney may therefore be important in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Bildung und Eigenschaften von rotem Ca2NCl

Die Moglichkeiten der Bildung von Calciumnitridchlorid im Verlaufe der elektrolytischen Calciumgewinnung sowie wahrend der Destillation des Rohcalciums werden diskutiert. Ferner werden einige Eigenschaften der Verbindung beschrieben; insbesondere wird auf Fragen der Farbung eingegangen. The formation of calcium nitride chloride, Ca2NCl, during the technical electrolysis of CaCl2 and under the conditions of the technical calcium-distillation is discussed. Some properties of Ca2NCl are described; especially some questions of the colouration are investigated.
Meta-analysis of tympanostomy tube sequelae.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of tympanostomy tube sequelae based on systematic review of published case series and randomized studies.DATA SOURCES: English-language MEDLINE search from 1966 through April 1999 with manual reference search of proceedings, articles, reports, and guidelines.STUDY SELECTION: Cohort studies with otitis media as the primary indication for tube placement.DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data from 134 articles.DATA SYNTHESIS: Transient otorrhea occurred in 16% of patients in the postoperative period and later in 26%; recurrent otorrhea occurred in 7.4% of patients and chronic otorrhea in 3.8%. Sequelae of indwelling tubes included obstruction (7% of ears), granulation tissue (5%), premature extrusion (3.9%), and medial displacement (0.5%). Sequelae after tube extrusion included tympanosclerosis (32%), focal atrophy (25%), retraction pocket (3.1%), cholesteatoma (0.7%), and perforation (2.2% with short-term tubes, 16.6% with long-term tubes). Meta-anal...
Some correlations involving the shear viscosity of polystyrene melts

Based upon a compilation of steady-shear and dynamic-shear viscosity data from the literature for polystyrene melts, an assessment has been made concerning the relative merits of the Cross and Carreau models in describing the shear-rate dependence of such viscosities. It is shown that the Cross model is decidedly more appropriate for PS of BMWD. Based upon master plots, it is demonstrated that the Cox-Merz relation applies to PS of both BMWD and NMWD. It is also shown that the Cox-Merz relation applies even into the second-Newtonian regime, withη∞ being independent ofMw and MWD. In addition, the applicability of the Prest-Porter-O'Reilly relationship between shear viscosity and recoverable shear compliance is corroborated in the case of PS of NMWD.
The Niehans paradox, flexible exchange rates, and macroeconomic stability

Abstract This paper re-examines Dornbusch's suggestion that monetary expansion under a floating rate system will not cause a temporary decline in economic activity — the Niehans paradox — because households will cut their saving to maintain consumption spending on domestic goods. Despite this terms of trade effect on saving, it turns out that devaluation in the standard Keynesian model, in which trade flows, however, respond to the exchange rate with a simple distributed lag, produces a temporary decline in economic activity under certain plausible conditions. Consequently, the Niehans paradox still can arise if domestic expenditures respond sluggishly to lower interest rates.
Electronic structure of dynamically two-dimensional hole gas in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

The electronic structure of a quasi-two-dimensional hole gas near the interface of an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure is examined by calculating the valence band structure in the channel region in the framework of a six-band Rashba–Sheka–Pikus (RSP) Hamiltonian. Self-consistency in the Hartree approximation is achieved. Strain effects are included through deformation potentials and through the modulation of interfacial polarization charges associated with the piezoelectric nature of the constituent materials. It is found that for hole concentrations of 1013 cm−2, four subbands are partially populated. The effects of externally applied stress are then considered for the two distinct cases of hydrostatic stress and uniaxial stress applied parallel to the interface. While hydrostatic stress of practical magnitude appears to modulate the electronic structure only slightly, symmetry lowering uniaxial stress leads to significant changes in the population of the subbands and large dispersion anisotropies that should be detectable in piezo-mobility studies.
Human affection exchange: VII. Affectionate communication in the sibling/spouse/sibling‐in‐law triad

This study sought to investigate affectionate communication among members of sibHng/spouse/sibling‐in‐law triads as well as the influence of such communication on relational quality. Under the principles of Affectionate Exchange Theory, affectionate communication among these family members may ultimately serve the evolutionary mandates of viability and procreation. Three hundred twenty‐seven participants, comprising 109 sibling/spouse/sibling‐in‐law triads, completed surveys about their communication of affection, relational satisfaction, and closeness. Consistent with predictions, spouses reported communicating more affection to each other than did siblings, who reported communicating more affection than siblings‐in‐law. The communication of affection by spouses and siblings showed a significant correlation, as did the communication of affection by siblings and siblings‐in‐law, and these correlations were significant even when controlling for the affection communicated in the third relationship in the tr...
Self-organized critical models of earthquakes

Abstract In this paper we briefly review few self-organized critical (SOC) models of the phenomenon of earthquakes. For example, the two-dimensional non-conservative SOC model of Olami, Feder and Christensen (OFC) has been described. It is known that the effect of the fixed boundary on this model is very strong. It has been recently observed that imposition of a moving boundary condition helps to remove the strong non-uniformity originated from the fixed boundary. A generalized spatio-temporal scaling for the recurrence time distribution was proposed by Bak et al. which was later confirmed by Corral. We studied the same scalings on the conservative OFC model with moving boundary condition.
Interaction of tillage and soil type on available water in a corn-wheat-soybean rotation

Abstract Drought stress often reduces grain yield of warm-season crops in the southern Piedmont and South Atlantic Coastal Plain. No-till systems may reduce drought stress by reducing losses of water from runoff and surface evaporation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of no-till (NT), either continuous or in alternating sequences with conventional tillage (CT), on soil water content during the warm season in a corn ( Zea mays L.)-wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)-double-crop soybean ( Glycine max. L. Merr.) rotation. A field study was conducted for 3 years on an Aycock fine sandy loam (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) in the Coastal Plain region and for 2 years on a Pacolet sandy clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludult) in the Piedmont region. Soil water content was measured to a depth of 0.9 m in corn and soybean in the following four tillage sequences: (1) continuous NT; (2) NT corn-CT wheat-NT soybean; (3) CT corn-CT-wheat-NT soybean; (4) continuous CT. For the Pacolet soil, soil water content was frequently higher in NT than in CT, particularly in the Ap horizon under corn. Differences in water content in the Ap ranged from 0.030 to 0.100 m 3 m −3 . Differences in water content occurred infrequently on the Aycock soil, and were of smaller magnitude. Tillage of the previous crop had no effect on soil water content. Results indicate a high potential for NT systems to reduce drought stress on upland soils in the Piedmont subject to surface sealing and runoff. The potential is less for nearly level soils of the Coastal Plain.
Mating call recognition in the barking treefrog (Hyla gratiosa): Responses to synthetic calls and comparisons with the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea)

1. Eighty-six of 93 gravid females ofH. gratiosa responded in 471 of 566 two-choice experiments; in most experiments synthetic mating calls were used. 2. A synthetic call was as attractive as a typical natural (recorded) call only if it had a distinct pulsatile beginning (Table 1). 3. Females preferred a periodic synthetic call (500/s) over an aperiodic (filtered noise) call, but failed to show a preference between calls with periodicities of 250/s and 500/s (Table 2). 4. Although a bimodal spectrum (greatly attenuated second harmonic) is typical of the mating call ofH. gratiosa, females did not show a preference for a call of 0.50 + 2.00 kHz over one of 0.50 + 1.00 + 2.00 kHz. 5. The most effective high frequency band was about 1.00 to 2.50 kHz; the optimum low-frequency band was about 0.40 to 0.50 kHz (Tables 3, 4, and 5). 6. Females discriminated against calls in which the low-frequency peak (0.40 or 0.50 kHz) was attenuated by 12 dB relative to the high-frequency peak. They discriminated against signals with high-frequency attenuation of 18 to 20 dB only at moderate to high sound pressure levels (Table 6). 7. Results are compared with those of similar studies of the green treefrog (H. cinerea) (Table 7).
NMR structural studies of domain 1 of receptor-associated protein.

The 39 kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP) is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein that binds tightly to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) as well as to other members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily. The association of RAP with LRP prevents this receptor from interacting with ligands. RAP is a three-domain protein that contains two independent LRP binding sites; one located within domains 1 and 2, and one located within domain 3. As the first step toward defining the structure of the full-length protein and understanding the interaction between RAP and this family of receptors, we have determined the 3D structure of domain 1 using constraints derived from heteronuclear multi-dimensional NMR spectra, including NOEs, dihedral angles, J-couplings and chemical shifts, as well as two sets of non-correlated residual dipolar couplings measured from the protein solutions in anisotropic media of Pf1 and 6% polyacrylamide gel. The backbone Cα rmsd between the current structure and a homo-nuclear NOE-based structure is about 2 A. The large rmsd mainly reflects the significant differences in helical orientation and in the structural details of the long helix (helix 2) between the two structures.
Pilot Study of Relationship between Fertility Risk and Bargaining

Competition for resources to support a healthy pregnancy and later offspring was likely very important for ancestral women. Therefore, it was predicted that women evolved a propensity for intrasexual competition over resources during times of their highest conception risk. To investigate this hypothesis, women played a series of ultimatum games, bargaining games that test participants' willingness to share a monetary stake. During periods of high conception risk, intrasexual competition increased as evidenced by lower offers to share a stake with others as well as higher rates of rejection of offers.
S&P futures returns and contrary sentiment indicators

This article investigates the predictive power of popular market-based sentiment measures for subsequent returns on the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 futures contract over 10-day, 20-day, and 30-day horizons from January 1989 through June 1999. These measures include the volatility index, the put–call ratio, and the trading index. The empirical results show that these variables over a variety of specifications frequently have statistically and economically significant forecasting power. The results indicate that these variables are contrarian indicators, consistent with the view that periods of extreme fear in the stock market have provided excellent buying opportunities. Finally, out-of-sample trading simulations performed over the second half of the sample period demonstrate that profits and risk-adjusted profits would have been enhanced by buying S&P futures when the fear indicators were high rather than low. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:447–462, 2001
Effect of multiple reflections on retardation-based electro-optic measurements

The effect of multiple internal reflections on the (apparent) phase retardation exhibited by an electro-optic prism or plate is considered, along with the consequences of this effect on electro-optic measurements based on the measurements of retardation. The corresponding multiple-reflection errors are calculated and then thoroughly studied in the case of measurements of electro-optic coefficients r and half-wave voltages Vλ/2. Emphasis is given to the maximum values and upper bounds of these errors, and their maximization or minimization conditions are examined with respect to the testing voltage, the biasing voltage, and the optical thickness of the sample. Finally, the case of propagation along directions that ensure zero or canceled initial differential retardation (Γso = ±kπ) is treated distinctively and proves to present reduced mutliple-reflection errors.
Corporate Governance, Audit Firm Reputation, Auditor Switches, and Client Stock Price Reactions: The Andersen Experience

The financial scandal surrounding the collapse of Enron caused erosion in the reputation of its auditor, Arthur Andersen, leading to concerns about Andersen's ability to continue in existence and ultimately to the firm's demise. In this paper we investigate the role of corporate governance on the timing of the auditor switch by former Andersen clients. After controlling for factors associated with switching costs, we find clients with strong corporate governance were more likely to switch early. We also find that clients switching from Andersen experienced positive abnormal returns during the three-day window surrounding the announcement of the switch. We attribute this positive response to the reduction in uncertainty associated with the cost of finding a new auditor.
Flapping flexible fish

In order to analyze and model the body kinematics used by fish in a wide range of swimming behaviors, we developed a technique to separate the periodic whole-body motions that characterize steady swimming from the secular motions that characterize changes in whole-body shape. We applied this harmonic analysis technique to the study of the forward and backward swimming of lamprey. We found that in order to vary the unsteadiness of swimming, lamprey superimpose periodic and secular components of their body motion, modulate the patterns and magnitudes of those components, and change shape. These kinematic results suggest the following hydromechanical hypothesis: steady swimming is a maneuver that requires active suppression of secular body reconfigurations.
The Teaching/Research Tradeoff in Law: Data from the Right Tail

There is a long scholarly debate on the tradeoff between research and teaching in various fields, but relatively little study of the phenomenon in law. This analysis examines the relationship between the two core academic activities at one particular school, the University of Chicago Law School, which is considered one of the most productive in legal academia. We use standard measures of scholarly productivity and teaching performance. For research, we measure the total number of publications for each professor for each year, while for teaching, we look at the average teaching rating. Net of other factors, we find that, under some specifications, research and teaching are positively correlated. In particular, we find that students’ perceptions of teaching quality rises, but at a decreasing rate, with the total amount of scholarship. We also find that certain personal characteristics correlate with productivity. The recent debate on the mission of American law schools has hinged on the assumption that a tradeoff exists between teaching and research, and this article’s analysis, although limited in various ways, casts some doubt on that assumption.
The serum IL-12:IL-6 ratio reliably distinguishes infectious from non-infectious causes of fever during autologous stem cell transplantation

Background Fever during neutropenia and after neutrophil engraftment (postengraftment fever) occurs commonly during autologous transplantation (ASCT), but infections are infrequently identified. Tests that reliably exclude infection may reduce the cost and toxicity of unnecessary diagnostic testing and empiric treatment. We assessed whether serum levels of inflammatory cytokines could distinguish infectious from noninfectious causes of fever in patients undergoing ASCT. Methods Serum levels of IL-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12(p70), TNF-a and IFN-g were measured by sandwich ELISA at multiple predetermined times and at the onset of the first fever during neutropenia and after neutrophil engraftment in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing ASCT. Standard clinical criteria were used to assess for the presence of infection. Results Seventy-two febrile episodes occurred in 54 of 65 enrolled patients; 29 (40%) of the episodes occurred after neutrophil engraftment. Infections were identified as the cause of 28% and 24% of the neutropenic and post-engraftment febrile episodes, respectively. The level of IL-12 decreased and that of IL-6 increased significantly during fever because of infection, such that the IL-12:IL-6 ratio accurately excluded infection. The area under the ROC curve for the IL-12:IL-6 ratio was 0.88 (95% CI 0.79 0.97). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values associated with a cut-off ratio of 4.1 were 95%, 75%, 60%, and 97%, respectively. Discussion The IL-12:IL-6 ratio effectively discriminates infectious from non-infectious causes of fever during ASCT. It may be useful in assessing the probability of infection in patients with post-engraftment fever.
Color display and interactive interpretation of three-dimensional data

Three-dimensional results from engineering and scientific computations often involve the display and interpretation of a large volume of complex data. A method is developed for color display of 30 data with several interactive options to facilitate interpretation. The method is based on representing points whose values fall within a specified range as a single hue. An image is formed by overlaying successive 2D frames with increasing hue lightness towards the front. Interactive options to aid interpretations are viewpoint, contour lines, multiple range display, slicing, veiled surfaces, and stereo image pairs. The display method is successfully applied to several types of data. The overall structure and variations of the 30 data are observable, as well as transients which may be overlooked in a large input data set.
Tamper and Leakage Resilience in the Split-State Model

It is notoriously difficult to create hardware that is immune from side channel and tampering attacks. A lot of recent literature, therefore, has instead considered algorithmic defenses from such attacks. In this paper, we show how to algorithmically secure any cryptographic functionality from continual split-state leakage and tampering attacks. A split-state attack on cryptographic hardware is one that targets separate parts of the hardware separately. Our construction does not require the hardware to have access to randomness. In contrast, prior work on protecting from continual combined leakage and tamperingi¾?[23] required true randomness for each update. Our construction is in the common reference string CRS model; the CRS must be hard-wired into the device. We note that prior negative results show that it is impossible to algorithmically secure a cryptographic functionality against a combination of arbitrary continual leakage and tampering attacks without true randomness; therefore restricting our attention to the split-state model is justified. Our construction is simple and modular, and relies on a new construction, in the CRS model, of non-malleable codes with respect to split-state tampering functions, which may be of independent interest.
Some effects of sulfiding of a NiMoAl2O3 catalyst on its activity for hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline

The method of presulfiding of a commercial NiMoAl2O3 catalyst has a significant effect on its inherent activity for the hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline (HDN). In addition, during reaction the addition of H2S increases the HDN rate and its removal decreases it in a reversible manner. The effect of H2S on the kinetics of a variety of hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrogenation reactions on molybdenum catalysts can be rationalized in terms of its effect on two kinds of sites, sulfur anion vacancies and Bronsted acids.
Paternalism and Pink Collars: Gender and Federal Employee Relations, 1941–50

Women substantially increased their presence in Washington, D.C.'s federal civil service during World War II. Accordingly, agency administrators struggled to define and address the “needs” of these new government women. This article analyzes the crucial role that gender played in the renegotiation of management strategies and policies during the 1940s. It examines the popularization of the human relations school of management in federal agencies and reveals how gendered concepts of authority impacted the employment prospects of female civil servants. The war provided an opportunity for some managers to promote a more “feminine” interpretation of human relations, but as this article demonstrates, that interpretation rested upon stressing the difference between male and female workers. In addition, postwar conservatism allowed for a reassertion of more hierarchical, “masculine” approaches to employment management in the civil service.
Taxus Species (Yew): In Vitro Culture, and the Production of Taxol and Other Secondary Metabolites

Yews are usually dioecious, evergreen (gymnosperm) trees or shrubs (Fig. 1a). The leaves are simple, flat, linear, often falcate, with distinct but short petioles, arranged spirally though often appearing two-ranked (Fig. 1b). They have a single unbranched midrib and two broad stomate bands on the underside of the leaves. The bark is reddish or purplish to dark chestnut brown, scaly or exfoliating from the trunk and larger branches in thin flakes or long strips. The wood is hard, dense, flexible, elastic, and fine-grained without resin ducts. The winter buds are ovate, axillary, or terminal, with imbricate scales. The flowers are small, solitary, or occasionally twinned, axillary. The female flower resembles an axillary vegetative bud, but is usually decurved or pendent and is easily recognized on close inspection by the micropyle opening in the exposed ovule. The male flower or pollen cone has several sterile scales at the base, with a stalked globose head of 6 to 14 scales, each with 5 to 9 microsporangia or pollen sacs. The solitary seed (which matures in late summer to fall), sometimes called a single-seeded berry or berry-like fruit (Fig. 1b), is surrounded by a fleshy mucilaginous, scarlet outer seed coat or aril (Chadwick and Keen 1976; Silba 1986).
Multi-Sensor Spectro-Temporal Comb Filtering for Speech Enhancement

Comb filters are popular in the speech enhancement field because of their ability to suppress noise in the voiced speech spectrum without degrading the speech quality. Adaptive comb filters (ACF) can suppress significant amounts of noise in voiced speech using the quasiperiodic properties of the voiced speech sounds. However, they rely on accurate voicing and pitch epoch detection, which is challenging at low SNRs and in nonstationary noise conditions. Here, we propose using a non-acoustic auxiliary sensor for detecting the pitch epochs and voicing. Experiment results with the ACF filter showed practically no noise reduction when noisy speech is used for pitch epoch and voicing detection. However, when the auxiliary sensor signal is used, significant improvements are obtained. Therefore, it is shown that the ACF system becomes useful, at least under the considered noise conditions, only if the auxiliary data is available. In addition to the dramatic gain with the auxiliary sensors, performance of the ACF system is further boosted by using it in tandem with a frequency-domain ACF system proposed here. Objective measures, spectrogram analysis, and subjective listening test results clearly show substantial improvement with the tandem system compared to the time-domain ACF system.
Seismic Velocity and Attenuation Structure of the East Rift Zone and South Flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

It has been proposed that a deep magma body beneath the east rift zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, must be present in order to explain the observed deformation of the south flank. From November 1999 to June 2000, 29 IRIS-PASSCAL three-component seismographs were operated across Kilauea9s ERZ and south flank. Using local earthquakes recorded by these stations, supplemented with data from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory stations, we investigated the deep structure of the ERZ and south flank through two approaches: seismic velocity tomography and seismic attenuation tomography. Results along two north-northwest-south-southeast profiles are examined. The western profile shows a low-velocity region beneath and south of the Hilina Pali, and earthquakes at depth are sandwiched between a high V p / V s , high Q zone and a low V p / V s , low Q zone. The velocity and attenuation differences are interpreted to reflect the contrast in material properties between the overlying volcanic pile and the underlying fluid-rich ocean sediments and fractured, altered ocean crust beneath the south flank thrust fault. The eastern profile shows an anomalous feature with low V p , low V p / V s , high Q p , and low Q s at about 7 km depth beneath the ERZ. The low V p / V s ratio is inconsistent with the presence of partial melt. Instead, this anomaly is attributed to a trapped reservoir of CO 2 . Our results do not support the existence of a sizable molten or partially molten body at depth beneath the ERZ. If the deep magma body exists, it must be relatively small. Based on synthetic resolution tests, an estimated limit on the maximum allowable cross-sectional size of the deep magma body is about 2 by 4 km.
Apes: A digital-circuit simulation program for real-time control of behavioral and physiological data collection

This paper provides a brief users’ description of an all-purpose experimental system, APES, which was developed for use in a microprocessor-controlled behavioral pharmacology laboratory. APES simulates the functioning of the modular electromechanical and solid-state digital circuitry commonly used to control experiments. Descriptions of the simulated modules are provided.
Effect of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia upon Plasma Renin Activity in Man

The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia upon plasma renin activity (PRA) was assessed in 4 normal volunteers, 4 adrenalectomized patients and 10 patients with various pituitary hormone deficiences. Significant increases in PRA were observed in all three groups. The PRA responses to hypoglycemia could be blocked by propranolol, and appeared to be potentiated by theophylline. It is concluded that sympathetic reflex stimulation, not adrenal-dependent and not pituitary-dependent, is the major mechanism for this phenomenon in man and that this adrenergic effect may be mediated by cyclic AMP.
Intracoronary diltiazem limits infarct size during prolonged angioplasty balloon inflation

An animal model of failed coronary angioplasty was used to evaluate the effect of intracoronary diltiazem on regional ischemia and the degree of myocardial necrosis. Ischemia was produced in closed-chest, pentobarbital-anesthetized male mongrel dogs by inflation of 2.5–3.0 mm diameter balloons introduced under fluoroscopy into the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary arteries. Animals were randomly assigned to control or diltiazem administered at the time of balloon inflation. Diltiazem, 900 μg/kg, was administered in divided doses through the lumen of the angioplasty balloon catheter. Diltiazem reduced the mean arterial pressure by 27 ± 6 mm Hg and blunted tachycardia following occlusion, which was also seen in controls. After 50 min of ischemia, a left thoracotomy was performed, and the left atrium was cannulated for injection of radiolabeled microspheres at 70 min. The animal was then reperfused by deflating the balloon. Regional segment function showed similar dyskinesis in the ischemic area of both groups. At 4 h the animal was sacrificed and the heart was removed for measurement of the area at risk and infarct size using a dual staining technique. Infarct size, when determined as the percent of the area at risk, was significantly reduced in diltiazem treated animals, 9 ± 2%, as compared to control animals, 22 ± 5%. Regional myocardial blood flow did not differ between groups. Therefore, intracoronary diltiazem produced a significant reduction in myocardial injury. This intervention may be useful to delay cell death in the setting of failed coronary angioplasty. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Real-time measurement of renal blood flow in healthy subjects using contrast-enhanced ultrasound

Current methods for measuring renal blood flow (RBF) are time consuming and not widely available. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) is a safe and noninvasive imaging technique suitable for assessm...
Executive cognitive control in communication : Extending plan-based theory

Plan-based models of communication rest on assumptions about executive control of cognition. While there is much research focused on executive functions within related disciplines, no communication research has explored this concept. Three studies are reported exploring the role of cognitive efficiency in interaction planning and plan performance. One study was aimed at explicating the concept of cognitive efficiency as it relates to communication processes. Data indicate that executive functions play a central role in interaction involvement. Two additional studies were aimed at extending existing plan-based theorizing. Findings suggest that cognitive efficiency and interaction experience are at the root of planning difficulty. And, planning difficulty contributes to feelings of plan confidence. Data indicate that plan-behavior correspondence is a function of motivation and cognitive efficiency. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for extending plan-based theories and contributing to fruitful approaches to communication effectiveness.
Clinical and radiographic features of giant duodenal ulcer

The term ‘giant duodenal ulcer’ is generally applied to those ulcers whose greatest diameter exceeds 2.5 cms. Paradoxically, large duodenal ulcers may be overlooked because the ulcer crater may simulate the duodenal bulb. The author reports 9 patients suffering from this condition and the diagnosis was missed twice by mistaking the ulcer for a deformed duodenal bulb. The author describes a new sign, viz., retention of contrast medium in the large ulcer crater for several hours after the start of the examination. Consequently, they recommend taking a late film in doubtful cases. Clinically, such ulcers cause an unusually high incidence of serious complications and surgical treatment is more often needed for giant than for smaller ulcers.
Foraging: The Acquisition of Energy

Animals are unable to produce their own food and must rely either on (1) attracting, ambushing or trapping it, or (2) actively ferreting it out. Sedentary techniques variously have been termed ambush or sit-and-wait strategies; more mobile ones have been called cruise searching, widely ranging searching, active foraging or simply foraging. Some species may employ either type, depending on circumstances (Muma 1966; Cloudsley-Thompson 1991). Intermediate modes of behaviour exist and the two extremes should be viewed merely as opposite ends of a spectrum of locomotory involvement in the acquisition of food. O’Brien et al. (1990) noted that a wide variety of species engaged in “saltatory search”, i.e., alternation between scanning of the immediate environment while stationary and movement to a fresh site (Fig. 16). Two behavioural characteristics determine the dynamics of saltatory search: (1) the relative time spent moving versus scanning and (2) the angle of directional change between successive bouts of movement. Both of these vary with visual scope, visibility and other environmental factors in ways that maximize the area scanned, yet minimize overlap of successive areas searched. It would appear that animals adjust their method of foraging to suit immediate conditions and that there is greater flexibility in acquisition of food than the older binary system of classification would suggest.
Effects of mimosine on Wolbachia in mosquito cells: cell cycle suppression reduces bacterial abundance

The plant allelochemical l-mimosine (β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridone)]-α-aminopropionic acid; leucenol) resembles the nonessential amino acid, tyrosine. Because the obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium, Wolbachia pipientis, metabolizes amino acids derived from host cells, the effects of mimosine on infected and uninfected mosquito cells were investigated. The EC50 for mimosine was 6–7 μM with Aedes albopictus C7-10 and C/wStr cell lines, and was not influenced by infection status. Mosquito cells responded to concentrations of mimosine substantially lower than those used to synchronize the mammalian cell cycle; at concentrations of 30–35 μM, mimosine reversibly arrested the mosquito cell cycle at the G1/S boundary and inhibited growth of Wolbachia strain wStr. Although lower concentrations of mimosine slightly increased wStr abundance, concentrations that suppressed the cell cycle reduced Wolbachia levels.
GPU-Accelerated Key Frame Analysis for Face Detection in Video

Since video monitoring cameras now are implemented widely, video analytics has drawn much attention as a new research area. Correspondingly, there is an emerging need to detect faces through a period of video or a great number of videos to make comparisons with the stored identities in the database for personal identification or other purposes. Thus, face detection in video has gained great attention. However, when there are lots of videos or when the video is very long, the workload for face detection becomes very huge. As a result, the detecting time is prolonged. Thus, there is a need to detect faces quickly with reduced computation time. In this paper, we propose to add key frame analysis into the face detection process and employ the state-of-the-art graphic processing unit (GPU) platform to improve the overall performance. Our experimental results show that speedup as high as 3 folds can be achieved in terms of frames per second processed when GPU platform is introduced, compared with high-performance general-purpose CPUs. This shows great potential in applying GPU towards this kind of applications.
A review of the literature on the validity of mass casualty triage systems with a focus on chemical exposures.

Introduction: Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) include natural (eg, earthquake) or human (eg, terrorism or technical) events. They produce an imbalance between medical needs and resources necessitating the use of triage strategies. Triage of casualties must be performed accurately and efficiently if providers are to do the greatest good for the greatest number. There is limited research on the validation of triage system efficacy in determining the priority of care for victims of MCI, particularly those involving chemicals. Objective: To review the literature on the validation of current triage systems to assign onsite treatment status codes to victims of mass casualties, particularly those involving chemicals, using actual patient outcomes. Methods: The focus of this article is a systematic review of the literature to describe the influences of MCIs, particularly those involving chemicals, on current triage systems related to the onsite assignment of treatment status codes to a victim and the validation of the assigned code using actual patient outcomes. Results: There is extensive literature published on triage systems used for MCI but only four articles used actual outcome data to validate mass casualty triage outcomes including three for chemical events. Currently, the amount and type of data collected are not consistent or standardized and definitions are not universal. Conclusions: Current literature does not provide needed evidence on the validity of triage systems for MCI in particular those involving chemicals. Well-designed studies are needed to validate the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of triage systems used for MCI including those involving chemicals.
Ontogenesis of Plasma Growth Hormone in Large and Midget White Strains of Turkeys

Abstract The ontogeny of growth hormone (GH) secretion was determined in large and midget white strains of turkey s from day 14 of embryonic development through 32 weeks of age. The strains of turkeys used differed markedly in early growth rate, and exhibited a twofold difference in body size. Growth hormone was not detected in the plasma of either strain prior to day 25 of incubation, and was not found in most birds until the day before hatching. A highly significant (fivefold) increase in plasma GH concentration occurred between hatching and 2 weeks of age in both strains followed by a decline to 1.4% of peak values by 16 and 24 weeks in the large and midget white strains, respectively. Peak levels of circulating GH did not differ between strains, but the rate of decline to adult levels was significantly faster in the large white birds. Sex differences in plasma GH levels were observed only in the large white strain and only between the ages of 9 and 18 weeks. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between weekly percentage rate of growth and plasma GH concentration in both strains, while age and GH concentration were negatively correlated. These results suggest that growth hormone may not be important in the developing embryo, but may be associated with growth during the rapid phase of postembryonic growth. The slow growth strain was characterized by elevated GH levels, indicating that physiological changes related to depressed growth may occur at some point subsequent to pituitary GH secretion.
REPERFUSION WITH INTRACORONARY THROMBOLYSIS AFTER FAILED ASPIRATION IN A PATIENT WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Percutaneous intervention with stent placement is the preferred strategy of reperfusion in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Insufficient results might be encountered if massive intracoronary thrombus and unfavorable anatomy are present. Intracoronary thrombolysis might improve reperfusion
Stapling Techniques in Esophageal Replacement

Either the stomach or the colon can be used to restore deglutition after esophagectomy. The use of the EEA and other stapling devices has increased both the safety and the speed with which these procedures can be done. This article illustrates techniques for the utilization of staplers to perform such operations.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY

This article discusses how forensic pathologists have been, and may be involved in epidemiologic research. Data that forensic pathologists collect during their practice may be used to describe, explain, predict, and control disease and injury. Examples of contributions made by forensic pathologists to epidemiologic research are presented, and the more common data collection systems that use forensic pathology information are detailed.
Managerial Dilemmas: Horizontal dilemmas: Social choice in a decentralized hierarchy

If there is any sort of “discretionary power” left to individuals restricting outcomes, we must either give up Pareto optimality or acyclicity. Aldrich (1977: 16) If every individual had complete and perfect information about the effects of alternative outcomes on his or her own well-being, the problem facing society would simply be that of aggregating the differences among individuals. But social decisions also serve the purpose of combining the judgments of individuals, each of whom may have only incomplete and faulty information about the effects of an alternative on his or her own well-being. Despite the technical advantages of dictatorship as a means of aggregating conflicting individual preferences, dictatorship may do very poorly when the problem is one of making collective judgments about difficult problems. Machiavelli understood that even an absolute prince has to get accurate information and advice from others; hence, the prince has to avoid “flatterers,” or advisers we would call “yes men”: “There is no other way of guarding oneself from flatterers except letting men understand that to tell you the truth does not offend you” (1513/1952: 33). The simple fact is that no one person can know enough to program the behavior of all the other members of the firm as if they were robots. As a result, the expertise of specialists becomes a political resource within the firm, one that inevitably results in a dispersion of political power within the organization.
Nonverbal Communication and Physician-Patient Interaction: Review and New Directions.

O nce considered to be an intangible aspect of “bedside manner,” the scientific study of nonverbal communication during visits between patients and medical physicians is now well documented. Research suggests that physicians’ nonverbal behavior shapes participants’ visit communication (e.g., patients’ self-disclosure); ratings of physicians’ rapport, dominance, and medical-technical skills; patients’ satisfaction with physicians; patients’ understanding and recall of visit information; and patients’ adherence to physicians’ medical recommendations. Physicians’ nonverbal behavior is consequential in other ways as well. For example, both the accreditation of residency programs and the certification of physicians require assessment of physicians’ competence in “interpersonal skills,” which involve “inherently relational” 23
Memory based goal schema recognition

We propose a memory-based approach to the problem of goal-schema recognition. We use a generic episodic memory module to perform incremental goal schema recognition and to build the plan library. Unlike other case-based plan recognizers it does not require complete knowledge of the planning domain or the ability to record intermediate planning states. Similarity of plans is computed incrementally using a semantic matcher that considers the type and parameters of the observed actions. We evaluate this approach on two datasets and show that it is able to achieve similar or better performance compared to a statistical approach, but offers important advantages: plan library is acquired incrementally and the memory structure it builds is multi-functional and can be used for other tasks such as plan generation or classification.