cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrohydrodynamics and Surface Force Analysis in AFM Imaging of a Charged, Deformable Biological Membrane in a Dilute Electrolyte Solution

Surface forces arising in AFM imaging of a deformable, negatively charged biological membrane in an electrolyte solution are investigated in the limit of continuous electrohydrodynamics. Specifically, we extend our previous analysis [1] of purely hydrodynamic interactions between an AFM tip and the elastic cell membrane by accounting for electric double-layer forces under the assumption of a dilute electrolyte solution and local electrochemical equilibrium. The solution of the problem is obtained by integrating the quasisteady, electrically-forced Stokes equation for the electrohydrodynamic field, the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrostatic field in the electrolyte inside and outside of the cell, and the Laplace equation for the electrostatic field within a dielectric AFM tip. The Helfrich and Zhongcan’s equation for an equilibrium shape of the cell membrane is employed as a quasi-steady, nonlinear boundary condition linking the stress fields on both sides of the cell membrane augmented by the local membrane incompressibility condition in order to find the local tension/compression force acting on the membrane. For the first time, an integrated framework for the dynamic coupling of the membrane double-layer effects and the AFM tip-electrolyte-membrane motion is established that allows for characterizing of the local electrolyte flow field, the electrostatic field, the elastic deformation of the membrane, and the electrohydrodynamic surface force acting on the AFM tip in great detail. The results of the analysis provide information on the motion of the membrane and the surface forces induced by both an electrolyte motion and the Maxwell stresses resulting from the charge double-layer screening effect for a full cycle motion of the AFM tip in a non-contact mode imaging of the cell membrane.© 2003 ASME
Radiation Dose Reduction by Indication-Directed Focused z-Direction Coverage for Neck CT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The American College of Radiology–American Society of Neuroradiology–Society for Pediatric Radiology Practice Parameter for a neck CT suggests that coverage should be from the sella to the aortic arch. It also recommends using CT scans judiciously to achieve the clinical objective. Our purpose was to analyze the potential dose reduction by decreasing the scan length of a neck CT and to assess for any clinically relevant information that might be missed from this modified approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 126 children who underwent a neck CT between August 1, 2013, and September 30, 2014. Alteration of the scan length for the modified CT was suggested on the topographic image on the basis of the indication of the study, with the reader blinded to the images and the report. The CT dose index volume of the original scan was multiplied by the new scan length to calculate the dose-length product of the modified study. The effective dose was calculated for the original and modified studies by using age-based conversion factors from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Report No. 96. RESULTS: Decreasing the scan length resulted in an average estimated dose reduction of 47%. The average reduction in scan length was 10.4 cm, decreasing the overall coverage by 48%. The change in scan length did not result in any missed findings that altered management. Of the 27 abscesses in this study, none extended to the mediastinum. All of the lesions in question were completely covered. CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing the scan length of a neck CT according to the indication provides a significant savings in radiation dose, while not altering diagnostic ability or management.
The Application of Virtual Machine Technology in Network Operating System Teaching

The practical ability of students in network operating system teaching must be improved currently.The tradition teaching method can not provide the practical ability training for students because of the condition of the little teaching equipments. This paper expound that Virtual machine technology can create a number of Isomorphism or heterogeneous virtual computer systems on the main operating system, any destructive operation of Virtual machine system will not affect the main system and other virtual machine systems; Finally, Come to the conclusion that The application of Virtual Machine technology in network operating system teaching can greatly enrich the Training course content,ensure the quality of teaching, enhance the network security,reduce the difficulty of management,make full use of equipment,save lots of money, achieve satisfactory results in practice teaching.
Schrödinger deformations of AdS 3 × S 3

We study Schrodinger invariant deformations of the AdS3 × S3 × T4 (or K3) solution of IIB supergravity and find a large class of solutions with integer and half-integer dynamical exponents. We analyze the supersymmetries preserved by our solutions and find an infinite number of solutions with four supersymmetries. We study the solutions holographically and find that the dual D1-D5 (or F1-NS5) CFT is deformed by irrelevant operators of spin one and two.
Automation of NIF Target Fabrication

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is on schedule to increase its shot rate after a congressionally mandated efficiency study was enacted to develop strategies for increasing the number of experi...
Beyond book reading: Narrative participation styles in family reminiscing predict children’s print knowledge in low-income Chilean families

Abstract Narratives in reminiscing contexts are an important tool in developing literacy abilities. We examined whether parents’ narrative participation styles in reminiscing contexts were related to gains in children’s vocabulary and print knowledge. Participants were 210 low-income Chilean parents and their pre-kindergarten children ( M = 53 months). Parents and children were videotaped discussing a past positive and negative experience at the beginning of pre-kindergarten. Children’s vocabulary and print knowledge were assessed at the beginning and end of pre-kindergarten. Parents’ narrative styles in conversations about negative, but not positive, experiences had differential predictive power over children’s print knowledge, but not vocabulary, longitudinally. Implications for policy makers, researchers and educators working with low-income Chilean families are discussed.
Transposition of the Great Arteries and Common Variants.

Objectives:The objectives of this review are to discuss the physiology, perioperative management, surgical correction, and outcomes of infants with transposition of the great arteries and common variants undergoing the arterial switch operation.Data Source:MEDLINE and PubMed.Conclusion:The widesprea
Paediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Abstract Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) represents the most commonly acquired hypercoagulation state of autoimmune aetiology in children. Besides vascular occlusion, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been associated with various nonthrombotic clinical manifestations, particularly haematological, skin, and neurological manifestations that warrant specific consideration in children who only rarely fulfil the consensus criteria for APS. APS in children may present in the neonatal period due to the transplacental passage of maternal aPL, or during childhood and adolescence due to de novo synthesis of aPL. Clinical expression of aPL in children is modified by several characteristics of the paediatric period, such as immaturity of the immune and other organ systems, absent common prothrombotic risk factors present in adults, no pregnancy morbidity, routine immunizations, and increased exposure to viral and bacterial infections. Modified adult recommendations remain the primary guide for treatment of paediatric APS, but several differences specific to children must be considered, including different concentrations of plasma procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins and higher risk of haemorrhage during play and sports activities.
Cores in Dwarf Galaxies from Fermi Repulsion

We show that Fermi repulsion can lead to cored density profiles in dwarf galaxies for sub-keV fermionic dark matter. We treat the dark matter as a quasi-degenerate self-gravitating Fermi gas and calculate its density profile assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. We find that suitable dwarf galaxy cores of size ≳130 pc can be achieved for fermion dark matter with mass in the range of 70–400 eV. While in conventional dark matter scenarios such sub-keV thermal dark matter would be excluded by free streaming bounds, the constraints are ameliorated in models with dark matter at a lower temperature than conventional thermal scenarios, such as the Flooded Dark Matter model that we have previously considered. Modifying the arguments of Tremaine and Gunn, we derive a conservative lower bound on the mass of fermionic dark matter of 70 eV and a stronger lower bound from Lymanα clouds of about 470 eV, leading to slightly smaller cores than have been observed. We comment on this result and how the tension is relaxed in dark matter scenarios with non-thermal momentum distributions.
Urbana (2003) de Rodolfo Fogwill, o cómo revertir prácticas narrativas de la literatura de consumo

Urbana (2003), de Rodolfo Fogwill, continua la cruzada personal del autor contra aquellas practicas discursivas en conformidad con lo que Nelly Richard denomina el “signo mercantilizado”. Es decir, contra la reapropiacion semantica por parte de agentes socio-economicos y politico culturales de espacios de significacion previamente cargados de contenido socio-politico y que ahora obedeceran a pautas mercadotecnicas. El enfoque de Urbana en el proceso escritural, el modo en que la novela contribuye a la reflexion sobre la creacion literaria y desdena la actual obsesion con el suceso, busca recuperar un dialogo entre texto y lector en gran parte interrumpido por las politicas de bestsellerizacion de cierta fraccion de la industria editorial. Fogwill consigue asi crear una narrativa contestataria a procesos de mercantilizacion literaria dictados por cierto sector del mercado editorial.
Relational Priming Based on a Multiplicative Schema for Whole Numbers and Fractions

Why might it be (at least sometimes) beneficial for adults to process fractions componentially? Recent research has shown that college-educated adults can capitalize on the bipartite structure of the fraction notation, performing more successfully with fractions than with decimals in relational tasks, notably analogical reasoning. This study examined patterns of relational priming for problems with fractions in a task that required arithmetic computations. College students were asked to judge whether or not multiplication equations involving fractions were correct. Some equations served as structurally inverse primes for the equation that immediately followed it (e.g., 4 × 3/4 = 3 followed by 3 × 8/6 = 4). Students with relatively high math ability showed relational priming (speeded solution times to the second of two successive relationally related fraction equations) both with and without high perceptual similarity (Experiment 2). Students with relatively low math ability also showed priming, but only when the structurally inverse equation pairs were supported by high perceptual similarity between numbers (e.g., 4 × 3/4 = 3 followed by 3 × 4/3 = 4). Several additional experiments established boundary conditions on relational priming with fractions. These findings are interpreted in terms of componential processing of fractions in a relational multiplication context that takes advantage of their inherent connections to a multiplicative schema for whole numbers.
Predation on Birds by Snakes in Trinidad and Tobago

Although many species of snakes routinely forage on birds, observations of such incidents are seldom observed and reported in the literature. In Trinidad and Tobago, at least 16 of the 46 snake species are known to take birds, yet few details are available on the circumstances regarding predation, such as the size of the snake, age of bird, time of day, foraging substrate, etc. (Murphy 1997; Boos 2001). Here ten incidents of snakes foraging on wild birds and three of snakes foraging on captive birds within Trinidad and Tobago are reported.
A perturbation solution for interlaminar stresses in bidirectional laminates

The paper considers a thin elastic bidirectional symmetric composite laminate subjected to a uniform axial strain. All interlaminar stresses are determined by a zeroth-order perturbation analysis of the governing equations. The method of solution considers the laminate to be composed of an interior region (removed from the free edge) and a boundary layer region. The interior region is analyzed by dropping terms related to powers of the thickness-to-width ratio in the dimensionless elasticity equations. The boundary layer region is studied by introducing a stretching transformation to the governing equations. A uniform solution is then formed by satisfying Prandtl's matching principle of perturbation theory. Results for a four-layer bidirectional graphite-epoxy laminate are compared with existing finite-difference results. It is shown that the perturbation analysis provides more insight into the stress distribution near the free edge.
Human Centromeres Produce Chromosome-Specific and Array-Specific Alpha Satellite Transcripts that Are Complexed with CENP-A and CENP-C

Human centromeres are defined by alpha satellite DNA arrays that are distinct and chromosome specific. Most human chromosomes contain multiple alpha satellite arrays that are competent for centromere assembly. Here, we show that human centromeres are defined by chromosome-specific RNAs linked to underlying organization of distinct alpha satellite arrays. Active and inactive arrays on the same chromosome produce discrete sets of transcripts in cis. Non-coding RNAs produced from active arrays are complexed with CENP-A and CENP-C, while inactive-array transcripts associate with CENP-B and are generally less stable. Loss of CENP-A does not affect transcript abundance or stability. However, depletion of array-specific RNAs reduces CENP-A and CENP-C at the targeted centromere via faulty CENP-A loading, arresting cells before mitosis. This work shows that each human alpha satellite array produces a unique set of non-coding transcripts, and RNAs present at active centromeres are necessary for kinetochore assembly and cell-cycle progression.
Enhancing Clients’ Perspectives and the Therapeutic Process by Expanding Our View of Cultural Wealth

This article addresses the use of cultural capital to influence therapeutic practices with culturally diverse clients. Using cultural wealth from a Critical Race Theory perspective (Yosso in Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91, 2005) highlights unacknowledged forms of cultural capital of diverse groups. Utilizing this perspective impacts counsellors’ positioning within the therapeutic relationship, shapes the discourse within therapy, and can enhance clients’ autonomous motivation within the therapeutic process. This article builds upon Yosso’s (Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91, 2005) forms of cultural wealth by situating them within a therapeutic context.
From Informed Social Reflection to Civic Engagement

This admonition was recorded by British born journalist Jessica Mitford, writing in the early 1960s as she set out to “record impressions of the contemporary white (American) South” (2010, p. 77). In this encounter, we may observe the undercurrent of unease embedded in this mother’s support for her “Southern belle” (2010, p. 69) daughter’s participation in the Civil Rights Movement.
Early Rehabilitation After Stroke: a Narrative Review.

Despite current rehabilitative strategies, stroke remains a leading cause of disability in the USA. There is a window of enhanced neuroplasticity early after stroke, during which the brain’s dynamic response to injury is heightened and rehabilitation might be particularly effective. This review summarizes the evidence of the existence of this plastic window, and the evidence regarding safety and efficacy of early rehabilitative strategies for several stroke domain-specific deficits. Overall, trials of rehabilitation in the first 2 weeks after stroke are scarce. In the realm of very early mobilization, one large and one small trial found potential harm from mobilizing patients within the first 24 h after stroke, and only one small trial found benefit in doing so. For the upper extremity, constraint-induced movement therapy appears to have benefit when started within 2 weeks of stroke. Evidence for non-invasive brain stimulation in the acute period remains scant and inconclusive. For aphasia, the evidence is mixed, but intensive early therapy might be of benefit for patients with severe aphasia. Mirror therapy begun early after stroke shows promise for the alleviation of neglect. Novel approaches to treating dysphagia early after stroke appear promising, but the high rate of spontaneous improvement makes their benefit difficult to gauge. The optimal time to begin rehabilitation after a stroke remains unsettled, though the evidence is mounting that for at least some deficits, initiation of rehabilitative strategies within the first 2 weeks of stroke is beneficial. Commencing intensive therapy in the first 24 h may be harmful.
Organization-Stakeholder Fit: A Dynamic Theory of Cooperation, Compromise, and Conflict Between an Organization and Its Stakeholders

Research Summary We advance the concept of organization-stakeholder fit (O-S fit) to explain cooperative behavior between an organization and its stakeholders. O-S fit describes the compatibility that exists between an organization and a stakeholder when their characteristics are well matched. We highlight two dimensions of O-S fit: value congruence, or the supplementary fit of organizational and stakeholder values, and strategic complementarity, or the complementary fit of strategic needs and resources. For each dimension, we detail the unique relational factors—including core elements of trust, predictability, attraction/exchange, and communication—that motivate cooperation. We then explicate the ways in which value congruence and strategic complementarity dynamically interrelate over time. Finally, we consider how organization-stakeholder misfit may result in alternative relational behaviors, such as conflict or compromise. Managerial Summary We develop a new way of thinking about the relationship between organizations and stakeholders. Recognizing that positive relationships require a degree of fit or compatibility, we argue that cooperative behavior between an organization and its stakeholders is maximized when relational partners share both core values and strategic priorities. We explain that high fit along these two dimensions increases trust, relational predictability, attraction/exchange, and communication. We also describe how positive relationships might be formed with fit along only one dimension, and how negative relationships might result in the presence of misfit. Ultimately, we suggest that managers who want to foster positive relationships with stakeholders should concentrate on aligning their values and priorities, rather than simply concentrating on one or the other.
Elderly patients' and GPs' perspectives of patient-GP communication concerning polypharmacy: a qualitative interview study.

AimThe aim of this study was to explore elderly patients' and general practitioners' (GPs') perceptions of communication about polypharmacy, medication safety and approaches for empowerment. Background To manage polypharmacy, GPs need to know patients' real medication consumption. However, previous research has shown that patients do not always volunteer all information about their medication regimen, for example, such as the intake of over-the-counter medication or the alteration or discontinuation of prescribed medication. Method A qualitative interview study including patients of at least 65 years old with polypharmacy (⩾5 medications) and their GPs in a German Primary Healthcare Centre. The transcripts from the semi-structured interviews (n=6 with patients; n=3 with GPs) were analysed using a framework analytical approach.FindingsWe identified three themes: differing medication plans: causes?; dialogue concerning medication: whose responsibility?; supporting patients' engagement: how? While GPs stated that patients do not always report or might even conceal information, all patients reported that they could speak openly about everything with their GPs. In this context, trust might act as a double-edged sword, as it can promote open communication but also prevent patients from asking questions. Both GPs and patients could name very few ways in which patients could be supported to become more informed and active in communication concerning polypharmacy and medication safety. Conclusion This study shows that patients' awareness of the significance of their active role in addressing polypharmacy needs to be increased. This includes understanding that trusting the doctor does not preclude asking questions or seeking more information. Thus, interventions which improve patients' communication skills and address specific issues of polypharmacy, particularly in elderly patients, should be designed. GPs might support patients by 'inviting' their contribution.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer

There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of microbes representing over 1,000 species of bacteria with over 3 million genes, significantly impacts intestinal health and disease. The gut microbiota not only is capable of promoting intestinal homeostasis and antitumor responses but can also contribute to chronic dysregulated inflammation as well as have genotoxic effects that lead to carcinogenesis. Whether the gut microbiota maintains health or promotes colon cancer may ultimately depend on the composition of the gut microbiome and the balance within the microbial community of protective and detrimental bacterial populations. Disturbances in the normal balanced state of a healthful microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, whether these alterations precede and cause CRC remains to be determined. Nonetheless, studies in mice strongly suggest that the gut microbiota can modulate susceptibility to CRC, and therefore may serve as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Learning Geo-Social User Topical Profiles with Bayesian Hierarchical User Factorization

Understanding user interests and expertise is a vital component toward creating rich user models for information personalization in social media, recommender systems and web search. To capture the pair-wise interactions between geo-location and user's topical profile in social-spatial systems, we propose the modeling of fine-grained and multi-dimensional user geo-topic profiles. We then propose a two-layered Bayesian hierarchical user factorization generative framework to overcome user heterogeneity and another enhanced model integrated with user's contextual information to alleviate multi-dimensional sparsity. Through extensive experiments, we find the proposed model leads to a 5\textasciitilde13% improvement in precision and recall over the alternative baselines and an additional 6\textasciitilde11% improvement with the integration of user's contexts.
Enzymes involved in the metabolism of plant allelochemicals

Herbivorous insects have available to them two major mechanisms by which they avoid adverse effects of defensive plant allelochemicals. One is comprised of behavioral adaptations in host-seeking (Ahmad, 1983a) and feeding (Frazier, Chapter 1 and Tallamy, Chapter 8 in this text). The other is a complex of several enzymes which together spare few ingested plant chemicals from being transformed into one or more metabolites which may be utilized or eliminated. We shall, in this chapter, provide an account of these enzymes.
Declining Incident Dementia Rates Across Four Population-Based Birth Cohorts.

Background Incidence rates of dementia appear to be declining in high-income countries according to several large epidemiological studies. We aimed to describe declining incident dementia rates across successive birth cohorts in a U.S. population-based sample and to explore the influences of sex and education on these trends. Methods We pooled data from two community-sampled prospective cohort studies with similar study aims and contiguous sampling regions: the Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey (1987-2001) and the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (2006-Ongoing). We identified four decade-long birth cohorts spanning birth years 1902-1941. In an analysis sample of 3,010 participants (61% women, mean baseline age = 75.7 years, mean follow-up = 7.1 years), we identified 257 cases of incident dementia indicated by a Clinical Dementia Rating of 1.0 or higher. We used Poisson regression to model incident dementia rates by birth cohort, age, sex, education, and interactions of Sex × Cohort and Sex × Education. We further examined whether cohort effects varied by education, testing a Cohort × Education interaction and stratifying the models by education. Results Compared to the earliest birth cohort (1902-1911), each subsequent cohort had a significantly lower incident dementia rate (1912-1921: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.655, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.477-0.899; 1922-1931: IRR = 0.387, 95% CI = 0.265-0.564; 1932-1941: IRR = 0.233, 95% CI = 0.121-0.449). We observed no significant interactions of either sex or education with birth cohort. Conclusions A decline in incident dementia rates was observed across successive birth cohorts independent of sex, education, and age.
Phthalate exposure and male reproductive outcomes: A systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence.

Abstract Objective We performed a systematic review of the epidemiology literature to identify the male reproductive effects associated with phthalate exposure. Data sources and study eligibility criteria Six phthalates were included in the review: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP). The initial literature search (of PubMed, Web of Science, and Toxline) included all studies of male reproductive effects in humans, and outcomes were selected for full systematic review based on data availability. Study evaluation and synthesis methods For each outcome, studies were evaluated using criteria defined a priori for risk of bias and sensitivity by two reviewers using a domain-based approach. Evidence was synthesized by outcome and phthalate and strength of evidence was summarized using a structured framework. Results The primary outcomes reviewed here are (number of included/excluded studies in parentheses): anogenital distance (6/1), semen parameters (15/9), time to pregnancy (3/5), testosterone (13/8), timing of pubertal development (5/15), and hypospadias/cryptorchidism (4/10). Looking at the overall hazard, there was robust evidence of an association between DEHP and DBP exposure and male reproductive outcomes; this was based primarily on studies of anogenital distance, semen parameters, and testosterone for DEHP and semen parameters and time to pregnancy for DBP. There was moderate evidence of an association between DINP and BBP exposure and male reproductive outcomes based on testosterone and semen parameters for DINP and semen parameters and time to pregnancy for BBP. DIBP and DEP were considered to have slight evidence of an association. For DIBP, the less conclusive evidence was attributed to a more limited literature base (i.e., fewer studies) and lower exposure levels in the population, decreasing the ability to observe an effect. For DEP, the findings were consistent with experimental animal data that suggest DEP does not haves as strong an anti-androgenic effect as other phthalates. Conclusions and implications of key findings Overall, despite some inconsistencies across phthalates in the specific outcomes associated with exposure, these results support that phthalate exposure at levels seen in human populations may have male reproductive effects, particularly DEHP and DBP. The relative strength of the evidence reflects differing levels of toxicity as well as differences in the range of exposures studied and the number of available studies. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. EPA.
Anti-Factor Xa-Based Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin: Clinical Outcomes in a Pediatric Cohort.

Objectives To assess clinical outcomes in children treated with unfractionated heparin and monitored using an anti-factor Xa (Anti-FXa)-based nomogram. We also sought to assess the correlation between activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and Anti-FXa. Study design This was a single-center, observational cohort study conducted over a 20-month period that included all pediatric patients ( Results In total, 95 patients met prespecified inclusion criteria, and 1098 pairs of APTT and Anti-FXa measurements were performed. The median unfractionated heparin dose required to reach therapeutic Anti-FXa goal was significantly greater in infants compared with older children (P Conclusions Using an anti–FXa-based nomogram to monitor unfractionated heparin in children is feasible. Although moderate correlation was observed between the APTT and Anti-FXa assays, the APTT frequently overestimated heparin activity. Safety and efficacy of an Anti-FXa nomogram needs further validation.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Analysis of Underlaying Colorants on Redyed Hair.

Forensic examination of hair evidence can help with establishing a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or demonstrate the absence of such connections. Currently, it is primarily done by a subjective microscopic examination which can only elucidate the species of origin and, if human, the part of the body the hair came from. Several years ago, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was proposed for advanced forensic analysis of hair (Kurouski, D.; Van Duyne, R. P. In situ detection and identification of hair dyes using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Anal. Chem. 2015, 87, 2901−2906. DOI: 10.1021/ac504405u). It was shown that SERS could be used to determine whether hair was dyed or not and even reveal what commercial hair colorant was used. Expanding upon those findings, we show that SERS is capable of probing the original colorant even if hair was redyed afterward. Specifically, we were able to detect and identify the underlaying blue semipermanent colorant on hair redyed by both...
La latinización de los Estados Unidos: Inmigración, cultura y transformación

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 79, 2001: 63-73
Improving the stability of photosystem I–based bioelectrodes for solar energy conversion

Abstract Isolated photosystem I (PSI) has been integrated into numerous technologies for solar energy conversion. Interest in PSI is a consequence of its high internal quantum efficiency, thermal stability, ease of extraction, and adaptability. While there has been success in improving performance to elevate PSI biohybrid technologies toward a practical realm, the stability of PSI bioelectrodes is also of critical importance. Commercial solar energy conversion technologies are expected to achieve lifetimes of the order of ten years; however, many research-scale PSI bioelectrodes have only been tested for tens of days. Key areas affecting PSI bioelectrode stability include the effects of reactive oxygen species, immobilization strategies, and the environment within solid-state PSI biohybrid photovoltaics. At the current state, further investigation of long-term stability is necessary in enabling the development of PSI bioelectrodes for both photoelectrochemical cells and solid-state biohybrid photovoltaics.
On the Arising of the I in Peirce and Husserl

In this chapter 1 discuss how the ego arises within the lived experiences of the concrete human being by comparing Husserl’s and Peirce’s notions of the constitution of the ‘I’. This chapter consists of a comparative examination of Husserl’s genetic phenomenology and Peirce’s category of secondness. It compares Husserl’s notion of awakening of the ego with Peirce’s psychological notion of ego reaction. In contrast to Spiegelberg, Philos Phenomenol Res,17(2):164–185, (1956: 170) claim according to which the “Heraclitean” picture of Peirce’s system is a “major obstacle to a full-scale comparison between the two phenomenologies”, I try to show that it is precisely this Heraclitean image of the soul that makes Peirce and Husserl’s systems, after all, so surprisingly similar.
Effect of metabolic syndrome on mean pulmonary arterial pressures in patients with acute pulmonary embolism treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with a procoagulant and hypofibrinolytic state. Current data exploring the role of MetS in venous thromboembolism (VTE) are limited. The objective was to measure the prevalence of MetS in patients with acute PE receiving catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and to investigate its effect on mean pulmonary arterial pressure and overall treatment success. Methods We used a 3-year prospective registry of ED patients with acute PE with severity qualifying for activation of a PE response team (PERT). All patients had CDT with catheter-measured mPAP and angiography. The presence or absence of MetS components were extracted from chart review based on the following criteria: 1. body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2; 2. diagnosed hypertension; 3. diabetes mellitus (including HbA1c > 6.5%) and; 4. dyslipidemia (including triglycerides > 150 mg/dL or high-density lipoprotein Results Of the 134 patients, 85% met the criteria for at least one of four MetS components, with obesity being most common, present in 71%. Results demonstrated a positive concordance between the number of criteria for MetS and MPAP, both pre- and post-fibrinolysis, as pressures tended to increase with each additional MetS criterion. Multivariate regression analysis determined age (-), BMI (+) and hypertension (+) to be significant independent predictor variables for mPAP. Conclusions MetS was common in patients with more severe manifestations of PE and was associated with higher mPAP values both at diagnosis and following treatment with CDT.
On complete convergence in mean for double sums of independent random elements in Banach spaces

For a double array of random elements {T m,n , m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1} in a real separable Banach space X, we study the notion of T m,n converging completely to 0 in mean of order p where p is a positive constant. This notion is stronger than (i) T m,n converging completely to 0 and (ii) T m,n converging to 0 in mean of order p as max{m, n} →∞. When X is of Rademacher type p (1 ≤ p ≤ 2), for a double array of independent mean 0 random elements {V m,n , m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1} in X and a double array of constants {b m,n , m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1}, conditions are provided under which max1≤k≤m,1≤l≤n||Ʃi=1 kƩj=1 l V i,j||/b m,n converges completely to 0 in mean of order p. Moreover, these conditions are shown to provide an exact characterization of Rademacher type p (1 ≤ p ≤ 2) Banach spaces. Illustrative examples are provided.
Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening:

Introduction:Head and Neck Cancer Awareness and Screening Programs (HNCASP) are popular community outreach events hosted by academic and community otolaryngology departments. However, long-term fol...
a New Semi-Quantitative Method for Coding Carnivore Chewing Damage with AN Application to Modern African Lion-Damaged Bones

The ability to distinguish between the taphonomic patterns inflicted by different carnivore taxa in the fossil record is currently underdeveloped. Previous efforts to identify taxon-specific taphonomic damage to prey bones inflicted by larger felids have largely focused on tooth marks. Recent work, however, which considers patterns of chewing damage are only beginning to yield methods that can consistently distinguish between species, or even families, of large predators. Here we present a new low-cost, low-tech, semi-quantitative method for coding carnivore-inflicted chewing damage patterns using a basic 5-stage scale (0 = no damage, 1 = tooth marks only, 2 = minimal chewing damage, 3 = moderate chewing damage, 4 = severe chewing damage, fragmentation, or destruction), including a photographic guide to different levels of bone damage inflicted on different skeletal elements and portions. An independent test of this method by three experienced taphonomic analysts indicates that this method is easy to use and results in consistent data across analysts. We also apply this method to document and describe the intensity of damage that free-ranging African lions inflicted on a sample of zebra bones. This method can be used in conjunction with efforts to distinguish taxon-specific tooth mark shapes or patterns to more confidently infer the identity of different predators based on their chewing damage.
The Nature and Origin of the Nonvoid Lyα Cloud Population

I continue my study of the low-redshift Lyα cloud population. Previous work showed how galaxy catalogs could be used to attribute relative degrees of isolation to low-redshift Lyα clouds found in Hubble Space Telescope-Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph spectra. This enabled the separation of clouds into two distinct populations corresponding to two distinct environments, variously characterized as void/unshocked and nonvoid/shocked. Void clouds have a steep equivalent width distribution (i.e., many smaller absorbers), while nonvoid clouds have a flat distribution. I show that N-body/hydro simulations of Lyα clouds are inconsistent with observations of the clouds as a function of their environments. Simulations fail to predict the existence of significant numbers of detectable void clouds and incorrectly predict the characteristics of nonvoid clouds. Implicated in this failure is the so-called fluctuating Gunn-Peterson approximation (FGPA), which envisions that Lyα absorbers are formed in the large-scale structures of coalescing matter. A recent paper (of mine) has modeled the void cloud population as subgalactic perturbations that have expanded in response to reionization. It is notable that success in this modeling was contingent on using the more massive isothermal halo in place of the standard Navarro, Frenk, & White halo, for it was found that gravitational restraint on evaporation of baryons is key to producing detectable void absorbers. In this paper I extend my modeling of Lyα clouds to nonvoid clouds, using the same basic cloud model. In the case of voids, clouds are in a quiescent environment, while nonvoid clouds are thought of as void clouds that have accreted to the denser, turbulent intergalactic medium surrounding galaxies and are thus subjected to bow shock stripping. Model void clouds are analytically shock-stripped, and a column density spectrum (CDS) is derived, based on the same halo velocity distribution function as that used to explain the void CDS. The nonvoid CDS produced by shocked subgalactic clouds are found to be capable of producing an excellent fit to the observed nonvoid CDS without recourse to the FGPA mechanism.
Addressing racial/ethnic disparities in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign

Abstract Background As of April 19, all adults aged 16 years and older are eligible for COVID-19 vaccination. Unequal vaccination rates across racial/ethnic groups may compound existing disparities in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among Black, Indigenous, and Hispanic communities. Methods From state websites, we extracted shares of people receiving ≥1 vaccine dose, stratified by age and separately by race/ethnicity, through March 31, 2021. Combining these data with demographic data from the American Community Survey, we estimated relative uptake rates by race/ethnicity within each state as the observed share of vaccinations for a racial/ethnic group, divided by the expected share if uptake across racial/ethnic groups within each age group were proportional to population size, an approach that allowed us to control for historical age-based eligibility. We modeled vaccination scale-up within each census tract in a state under three scenarios: 1) a scenario in which unequal uptake rates persist, 2) a scenario in which uptake rates are equalized across race/ethnicity groups over six weeks, and 3) a scenario in which uptake is equalized and states employ place-based allocation strategies that prioritizes disadvantaged census tracts. Results White adults received a disproportionate share of vaccinations compared to Black and Hispanic adults through March 31, 2021. Across states, relative uptake rates, adjusted for eligible population size, were a median 1.3 (IQR, 1.2-1.4) times higher for White compared to Black adults, and a median 1.4 (IQR, 1.2-1.8) times higher for White compared to Hispanic adults. Projecting vaccination coverage under persistence of current disparities in uptake, we found that Black and Hispanic populations would reach 75% coverage among adults almost one month later than White populations. In alternative scenarios, we found that interventions to equalize uptake rates across racial/ethnic groups could narrow but not erase these gaps, and that geographic targeting of vaccine doses to disadvantaged communities may be needed to produce a more equitable convergence of coverage by July. Discussion Interventions are urgently needed to eliminate disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates. Eliminating access barriers and increasing vaccine confidence among marginalized populations can narrow gaps in coverage. Combining these interventions with place-based allocation strategies can accelerate vaccination in disadvantaged communities, who have borne a disproportionate burden from COVID-19.
Clinical outcomes in pronated critically ill patients infected with severe COVID-19 pneumonia

Rationale: SARS-CoV-19 (COVID-19) and its associated lung physiology, most notably its role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is an evolving medical illness. Clinical management is still being studied, however, it is well documented that pronated patients with non-COVID ARDS can improve oxygenation and V/Q mismatch, as well as increase lung volume and recruitment of collapsed alveoli. We hypothesized that proning patients with COVID-19 pneumonia will have similar pathophysiologic advantages and lead to less need for mechanical ventilation, lower mortality, and shorter hospitalization time. Methods: We conducted a large retrospective, single-institution cohort analysis of adult patients with diagnosed SARS-CoV-19 pneumonia who were admitted to our medical intensive care unit (ICU) between 3/11/2020 and 8/19/2020. We categorized patients into proning (at least 4 hours daily) versus non-proning cohorts. The primary outcome of our study was progression to mechanical ventilation while secondary outcomes compared in-hospital mortality rates, ICU and hospital length of stay (HLOS). We used the quick-COVID Severity Index (qCSI) to assign baseline severity scores to all patients. Results: A total of 270 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to the ICU. Nine patients were excluded due to unrelated illness confounders, leaving a total of 261 patients (including 9 patients who were intubated before their first proning session). Of the patients who proned for 4 or more hours daily, 38.99% (23/59) required mechanical ventilation after proning compared with 41.97% (81/193) who were not proned (pvalue = .68). Secondary outcomes for those proned vs not proned include;in-hospital mortality of 22.06% (15/68) vs 33.12% (62/193) a p-value of .12, median HLOS 14 days vs 13 days, ICU LOS 6 days vs 4 days. The qCSI score for the proned group was 6.77 vs 6.68 for those not proned. Conclusions: Based on our analysis, there was not a statistically significant reduction in the progression to MV in patients with severe SARS-CoV-19 pneumonia who proned compared to those who did not prone. However, there was a positive correlation associated with proning and reduction in the in-hospital mortality rate of these patients, a difference of 11%. Additionally, there was no significant difference in ICU LOS or HLOS.
What's the Matter with Soroti?

Voters who live in Soroti, Uganda, report significantly higher recent welfare improvements than voters elsewhere in the county. They attribute this improvement overwhelmingly to the actions of the government and to President Museveni in particular. But voters in Soroti also overwhelmingly support the opposition -- in fact they are the only district in Uganda where the opposition won in 2011. Using in-depth interviews with voters and local leaders of both parties, and building on prior experimental and survey results, this paper identifies the reason for this counterintuitive pattern and explains why performance isn't enough to convince voters in Soroti to support the president.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the transition between adolescence and adulthood.

Abstract Purpose Young adulthood is characterized by changes in health care decision-making, insurance coverage, and sexual risk. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is now approved for adults up to age 45, and catch-up vaccination is currently recommended up through age 26, vaccination rates remain low in young adults. This study explored perspectives on HPV vaccination among young adults receiving care at the student health center of a large public university. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 27) and four focus groups with female and male undergraduate and graduate students (n = 18) and semi-structured interviews with health care providers (n = 6). Interviews and focus groups explored perceived risk of HPV infection, benefits of the HPV vaccine, and motivations for and barriers to HPV vaccination. Results Many young adults cited their parents’ views and recommendations from medical providers as influential on their decision-making process. Students perceived that cervical cancer prevention was a main benefit of the HPV vaccine and sexual activity was a risk factor for HPV infection. Students often lacked knowledge about the vaccine’s benefits for males and expressed some concerns about the safety and side effects of a vaccine perceived as new. Logistical barriers to vaccination included uncertainty over vaccination status and insurance coverage for the vaccine, and concerns about balancing the vaccine schedule with school obligations. Providers’ vaccine recommendations were impacted by health system factors, including clinical infrastructure, processes for recommending and documenting vaccination, and office visit priorities. Suggested vaccination promotion strategies included improving the timing and messaging of outreach efforts on campus and bolstering clinical infrastructure. Conclusions Although college may be an opportune time to reach young adults for HPV vaccination, obstacles including navigating parental influence and independent decision-making, lack of awareness of vaccination status, and numerous logistical and system-level barriers may impede vaccination during this time.
Patterns and Organizations of Intelligence

Does intelligence decline in old age? If it does, when does the decline begin? What causes the changes? Do they occur in everyone? In the study of aging, no problem has received greater attention than that of intelligence; yet in spite of the abundance of research data gathered, many questions remain. Two related movements in American psychology have kindled the research. One was the mental test movement which had its origins in the study of growth and development during childhood. The second was the movement of clinical testing which influenced the whole field of psychology. Wechsler’s test was part of the clinical testing movement, and with its advent in 1939, the measurement of adult intelligence became commonplace.