cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
935-33 Angiographically Complex Lesions are Associated with Increased Levels of Thrombin Generation and Activity Following PTCA

Angiographically complex coronary lesions (irregular borders. overhanging edges. or filling defects) are associated with unstable coronary syndromes and an increased incidence of thrombosis following coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To study the relationship between angiographic lesion morphology and activation of the coagulation cascade. we measured coronary plasma levels of FPA and Fl + 2 in a series of patients undergoing PTCA. Samples were withdrawn through a coronary sampling catheter placed proximal to the lesion prior to PTCA (Pre-PTCA) and placed distal to the lesion 10 min after the final balloon inflation (Post-PTCA). Angiographic interpretations of lesion complexity were made without knowledge of the plasma FPA and Fl + 2 levels. Results: Plasma FPA and Fl + 2 levels measured in 50 patients are shown below in median (95% confidence intervals). Twenty-four (48%) of the patients had a complex lesion morphology. Coagulation Marker Lesion Morphology Pre PTCA Post 10 Min PTCA FPA Complex 2.1 (1.6–3.5) ‡ 3.3 (2.6–5.8) ‡‡ ng/ml Simple 1.9 (1.3–3.9) 2.1 (1.5–9.8) Fl + 2 Complex 0.65 (0.54–1.04) * 0.76(0.64–1.03) ** nmol/L Simple 0.64 (0.53–0.77) 0.61 (0.48–1.08) p l 0.02: † vs ‡‡ p l 0.003: * vs ** Although pre-PTCA FPA and Fl + 2 values were similar for simple and complex lesions. post-PTCA FPA and Fl + 2 values increased only for complex lesions. Thus. complex lesions are associated with increased thrombin generation and activity. This may playa role in the thrombotic and restenotic complications associated with percutaneous treatment of complex coronary lesions
Please Keep Me 2uned to PKM2

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Keller et al. (2014) found that binding of the metabolite SAICAR to PKM2 induces the protein kinase activity of an enzyme normally designed to terminate the glycolytic pathway.
Amino acid sequence homologies between H1 and H5 histones

Abstract The amino acid sequence of the first 112 residues of goose H5 and the first 38 residues of pigeon H5 has been determined. When a gap of 12 residues is introduced in the N-terminal regions of avian H5, almost half of the residues become identical to those of H1 from various species. The region of this gap corresponds to a homologous repeating sequence in H1. This suggests a deleation or duplication in this region and that the genes for H1 and H5 histones have evolved from a common ancestral gene.
Changes in authoritarianism and coping in college students immediately after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

One hundred ninety-four (132 females, 62 males) college students at Arizona State University filled out questionnaires on their mood state, depression, coping strategies, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation in the period from September 6 to September 13, 2001. The present study compared the responses of students on these measures for those 91 students who completed questionnaires up to the day of the World Trade Center attacks on September 11 vs. those 86 who completed questionnaires in the two days following the attacks. At this university far from the site of the attacks, transient mood states nor depression did not differ for students before and after the day of the attacks, while a significant interaction of gender by time of testing was found for maladaptive coping, with males decreasing in reported use of such coping after the attacks. A strong main effect of day of testing was found for right-wing authoritarianism, but not social dominance, with students scoring significantly higher on this variable after as compared to before the attacks. Intercorrelations of these measures before and after the attacks were also compared.
Conventional mesophilic vs. thermophilic anaerobic digestion: a trade-off between performance and stability?

Abstract A long-term comparative study using continuously-stirred anaerobic digesters (CSADs) operated at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures was conducted to evaluate the influence of the organic loading rate (OLR) and chemical composition on process performance and stability. Cow manure was co-digested with dog food, a model substrate to simulate a generic, multi-component food-like waste and to produce non-substrate specific, composition-based results. Cow manure and dog food were mixed at a lower – and an upper co-digestion ratio to produce a low-fiber, high-strength substrate, and a more recalcitrant, lower-strength substrate, respectively. Three increasing OLRs were evaluated by decreasing the CSADs hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 20 to 10 days. At longer HRTs and lower manure-to-dog food ratio, the thermophilic CSAD was not stable and eventually failed as a result of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) accumulation/degradation, which was triggered by the compounded effects of temperature on reaction rates, mixing intensity, and physical state of LCFAs. At shorter HRTs and upper manure-to-dog food ratio, the thermophilic CSAD marginally outperformed the biomethane production rates and substrate stabilization of the mesophilic CSAD. The increased fiber content relative to lipids at upper manure-to-dog food ratios improved the stability and performance of the thermophilic process by decreasing the concentration of LCFAs in solution, likely adsorbed onto the manure fibers. Overall, results of this study show that stability of the thermophilic co-digestion process is highly dependent on the influent substrate composition, and particularly for this study, on the proportion of manure to lipids in the influent stream. In contrast, mesophilic co-digestion provided a more robust and stable process regardless of the influent composition, only with marginally lower biomethane production rates (i.e., 7%) for HRTs as short as 10 days (OLR = 3 g VS/L-d).
Tension pneumocephalus resulting from iatrogenic subarachnoid-pleural fistulae: report of three cases.

Background. Symptomatic pneumocephalus may result from a cerebrospinal fluid leak communicating with extradural air. However, it is a rare event after thoracic surgical procedures, and its management and physiology are not widely recognized. Methods. During the past 2 years, we have identified 3 patients who developed pneumocephalus after thoracotomy for tumor resection. Only 1 patient had a discernible spinal fluid leak identified intraoperatively. Two patients experienced delayed spinal fluid drainage from their chest tubes and subsequently developed profound lethargy, confusion, and focal neurologic signs. The third patient was readmitted to the hospital with a delayed pneumothorax and altered mental status. Radiographic imaging in all patients showed significant pneumocephalus of the basilar cisterns and ventricles. Results. The first 2 patients were managed by discontinuation of the chest tube suction and bedrest. The third patient underwent surgical reexploration and nerve root ligation. All 3 patients had resolution of their symptoms within 72 hours. Conclusions. Pneumocephalus is a rare, but serious, complication of thoracotomy. Previous patients reported in the literature have been managed with reoperation to ligate the nerve roots. However, the condition resolved nonoperatively in 2 of our patients. Discontinuation of chest tube suction may be definitive treatment and is always the important initial management to decrease cerebrospinal fluid extravasation into the pleural space and allow normalization of neurologic symptoms.
Rate of oxidation of CO on Pd at pressure between 10-1 and 102 mbar

At 445 K, and equimolar ratio of reactants, the turnover rate for CO oxidation on unsupported and supported Pd is constant within experimental error between ≈ 0.1 and 100 mbar. As first proposed in 1922 by Langmuir, the overall rate is the rate of adsorption on a surface almost saturated with CO. Thus the rate is proportional to the ratio of concentrations of O2 and CO and is pressure independent. At quasi-saturation, the few vacant sites form an ideal dilute solution in the CO-Pd solvent. Adsorption on these sites is dominated by pressure invariant interactions with the solvent. Hence, the rate obeys Langmuir kinetics and the reaction is structure insensitive.
Inversion of crater morphometric data to gain insight on the cratering process

In recent years, morphometric data for Venus and several outer planet satellites have been collected, so we now have observational data of complex Craters formed in a large range of target properties. We present general inversion techniques that can utilize the morphometric data to quantitatively test various models of complex crater formation. The morphometric data we use in this paper are depth of a complex crater, the diameter at which the depth-diameter ratio changes, and onset diameters for central peaks, terraces, and peak rings. We tested the roles of impactor velocities and hydrostatic pressure vs. crustal strength, and we tested the specific models of acoustic fluidization (Melosh, 1982) and nonproportional growth (Schultz, 1988). Neither the acoustic fluidization model nor the nonproportional growth in their published formulations are able to successfully reproduce the data. No dependence on impactor velocity is evident from our inversions. Most of the morphometric data is consistent with a linear dependence on the ratio of crustal strength to hydrostatic pressure on a planet, or the factor c/pg.
Multiname and Multiscale Default Modeling

Joint default modeling for a set of firms is crucial in the context of pricing credit derivatives. We consider here a model for defaults among multiple firms based on Vasicek or Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models for the hazard rates of the underlying companies or “names.” We analyze the impact of volatility time scales on the default distribution for the set of firms. We also consider the associated impact on a particular credit derivative contract, the so-called collateralized debt obligation (CDO). We demonstrate how correlated fluctuations in the parameters of the firm hazard rates affect the loss distribution and prices associated with the CDOs. The effect of stochastic parameter fluctuations is to change the shape of the loss distribution and cannot be captured by using averaged parameters in the original model. Our analysis assumes a separation of time scales and leads to a singular-regular perturbation problem [J.-P. Fouque, G. Papanicolaou, and R. Sircar, Derivatives in Financial Markets with Stochastic V...
Some electrical characteristics of cable oils

Routine measurements of d-c. resistivity are dealt with in the first part of this paper, along with a description of a quartz-insulated testing cell and a portable testing set for use with it. Absolute resistivity between 1 × 109 and 1 × 1013 ohms can be measured at any temperature up to 150 deg. cent. Among the conclusions are:
HyBuM: Hybrid Energy Efficient Architecture for Mobile Storage Systems

High performance and energy-efficient storage systems are essential for mobile data-intensive applications such as remote surgery and mobile data center. Existing mobile storage systems consist of an array of independent small form factor hard disks connected to a host by a storage interface in a mobile computing environment. Although hard disks are cost-effective and can provide huge capacity and high-throughput, they have some intrinsic limitations such as long access latencies, high annual disk replacement rates, fragile physical characteristics, and energy-inefficiency. Compared with hard disk drives, solid state disks (SSD) are much more energy-efficient, and can offer much faster access times. A major concern on current solid state disk is its relatively higher price. In this paper, we developed hybrid mobile disk architecture HyBuM that integrates an array of solid state disks with buffer disks and an array of mobile disks. The most recently used data will be cached in the solid state disks, the second most popular data will be stored in the buffer disks, and the least used data sets will be stored in the mobile disk array. Experimental results demonstratively show that HyBuM provides significant energy saving for mobile storage systems such as laptops, mobile phones, and PDA compared to two existing non hybrid architecture.
Mode selective exciplex formation in photoexcited van der Waals complex of anthracene with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene

We report here mode selective exciplex formation in the photoexcited van der Waals complex of anthracene with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene.
Historic enchantments – materializing nostalgia

Efforts to remedy existential anxiety and the sense of ‘homelessness’ permeating modern life invariably invoke ideas and practices swirling around dwelling and nostalgia. Geographies probing the materiality of loss and memory have elaborated and critiqued nostalgia in both regressive and progressive postures. We argue that amorphous and sensual qualities of nostalgia make it a propulsive force in dwelling. Moving beyond nostalgia as a representation of, or personal longing for, ‘the past’ or ‘home’, we engage historic practice as transpersonal, affective currents coursing through bodies, objects, and things. Nostalgia is an enchantment with distance that cannot be bridged. We explore nostalgic distance vis-a-vis practices in residential historic preservation in the Coronado district in Phoenix, Arizona. Practice, performance, and materiality of historic inhabitation illuminate nostalgic distance as an undertow in the making of historic sensibilities, subjectivities, and places. The elusiveness of nostalgi...
A Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Data Management Platform

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is increasingly being used in biomedical research. These experiments typically generate a large volume of highly complex data, and the volume and complexity are only increasing with time. There exist many software pipelines for analyzing these data (each typically with its own file formats), and as technology improves, these file formats change and new formats are developed. Files produced from these myriad software programs may accumulate on hard disks or tape drives over time, with older files being rendered progressively more obsolete and unusable with each successive technical advancement and data format change. Although initiatives exist to standardize the file formats used in proteomics, they do not address the core failings of a file-based data management system: (1) files are typically poorly annotated experimentally, (2) files are "organically" distributed across laboratory file systems in an ad hoc manner, (3) files formats become obsolete, and (4) searching the data and comparing and contrasting results across separate experiments is very inefficient (if possible at all). Here we present a relational database architecture and accompanying web application dubbed Mass Spectrometry Data Platform that is designed to address the failings of the file-based mass spectrometry data management approach. The database is designed such that the output of disparate software pipelines may be imported into a core set of unified tables, with these core tables being extended to support data generated by specific pipelines. Because the data are unified, they may be queried, viewed, and compared across multiple experiments using a common web interface. Mass Spectrometry Data Platform is open source and freely available at http://code.google.com/p/msdapl/.
Transcription factors CTCF and Pax6 are segregated to different cell types during retinal cell differentiation

We have hypothesized that the transcription factor CTCF may influence retinal cell differentiation by controlling Pax6 expression, because (1) CTCF has been shown to repress Pax6 expression in some tissues, and (2) Pax6 blocks the differentiation of retinal progenitor cells as photoreceptors and promotes their differentiation as nonphotoreceptor neurons. Our results show that, as predicted by this hypothesis, CTCF and Pax6 become segregated to different retinal cell types. The factors are initially coexpressed in the undifferentiated neuroepithelium, but already at that time they show complementary periphery-to-fundus gradients of distribution. As the retina laminates, Pax6 becomes restricted to ganglion and amacrine cells, and CTCF to the bipolar/Muller cell layer and the outer nuclear layer. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of laser capture microdissection samples and dissociated cells showed that both immature and differentiated photoreceptors are CTCF (+)/ Pax6 (−). Functional studies are now under way to further analyze the role of CTCF in retinal cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 237:758–767, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Caffeine Intake and its Association with Urinary Incontinence in United States Men: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005–2006 and 2007–2008

Purpose: Epidemiological studies in women have revealed an association between caffeine intake and urinary incontinence, although evidence among men is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the association between caffeine intake and urinary incontinence in United States men.Materials and Methods: Data were used from male NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys) 2005–2006 and 2007–2008 participants. Urinary incontinence was defined using a standard questionnaire with Incontinence Severity Index scores 3 or greater categorized as moderate to severe. Structured dietary recall was used to determine caffeine consumption (mg per day), water intake (gm per day) and total dietary moisture (gm per day). Stepwise multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between caffeine intake at or above the 75th and 90th percentiles and moderate to severe urinary incontinence, controlling for potential confounders, urinary incontinence risk factors and prostate conditions in men a...
The development of metacognitive causal explanations

Abstract Metacognitive causal explanations reflect a child's understanding about how or why a strategy works. Two studies examined the growth of metacognitive causal explanations over time. Study 1 found an increase in the sophistication of early elementary school children's causal explanations over a 3-year period, although the mean intelligence score in the group was relatively high. Study 2 was conducted with children from a wider range of intelligence. Only those children with higher intelligence scores were likely to shift to more sophisticated metacognitive causal explanations over a 2-year period. Results from the two studies together suggest that the relationship between intelligence and metacognitive knowledge is much more than monotonic throughout development [Dev. Rev. 15 (1995) 1]. Indeed, higher levels of intelligence increase the likelihood that children will move from less sophisticated to more sophisticated levels of metacognitive understanding, possibly laying the foundation for more sophisticated later learning.
Metastatic Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor: Long-Term Remission in a Patient Treated with EMA/CO Chemotherapy

Abstract Objective. We document a case of long-term remission in a patient with metastatic placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and attempt to determine the response rate of metastatic PSTT to EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine) combination chemotherapy based on available reports. Methods. Medical records, histological slides, and radiological films were reviewed for a patient with metastatic PSTT diagnosed in 1991. Using Medline and cross-references, pertinent articles were reviewed. Results. A 31-year-old patient with PSTT metastatic to the lungs and vagina is presently alive, without evidence of recurrent cancer, more than 6 years after treatment with EMA/CO chemotherapy and surgery. The total response rate for seven patients with metastatic PSTT treated with EMA/CO chemotherapy was 71% with a complete response rate of 28%. Conclusions. Metastatic PSTT is potentially curable. EMA/CO chemotherapy appears superior to older multiagent regimens used in treating PSTT.
1984 and beyond. A panel discussion.

The application of computers to continuing medical education has the potential of solving some of the problems physicians face today in dealing with the information explosion. As the focus of CME changes from pedagogy to andragogy, the computer can facilitate individual learning. Various systems are available, or are in development, which will allow CME to be truly practice-linked (1).
Work satisfaction as a function of the person—environment interaction

Abstract Drawing on the concept of person—environment fit, this research examined the general hypothesis that relationships between characteristics of the work environment and level of employee satisfaction are moderated by employee education level. Specifically, it was predicted that more organizational “inducments” (pay, job variety, task complexity) are required to satisfy well-educated employees than are needed to satisfy less well-educated individuals. Subjects were 926 male public sector employees. Results generally supported the research hypothesis.
A comparison of strike and prey capture kinematics of three species of piscivorous fishes: Florida gar ( Lepisosteus platyrhincus ), redfin needlefish ( Strongylura notata ), and great barracuda ( Sphyraena barracuda )

Ram feeding is the process by which a predatory fish uses a high-velocity lunge or chase to overtake its prey. This study compares the strike and prey capture behaviors and kinematics of three species of ram-feeding fishes: Florida gar Lepisosteus platyrhincus, redfin needlefish Strongylura notata, and great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda. These ram-feeding piscivores are morphologically similar with fusiform bodies, posteriorly placed dorsal and anal fins, and large, conical teeth. Strike and prey capture kinematics for five individuals of each species were recorded with high-speed video. Pre-strike behavior in L. platyrhincus consists of a slow stalk, resulting in the close, lateral positioning of the predator’s head relative to the prey. Lepisosteus employ a sideways lunge of the head during the strike, which lasts only 25–40 ms and is the most rapid strike among these three species. Strongylura notata and Sphyraena barracuda exhibit longitudinal orientation to the prey before the strike, followed by a high velocity, head-on lunge, initiated by an s-start in Sphyraena barracuda. Prey capture in adult L. platyrhincus and Strongylura notata is characterized by the jaws closing on the prey, with the prey held orthogonal to the jaws. This is followed by manipulation using the inertia of the prey to reposition the prey head first, and then suction transport into the buccal cavity. Prey capture in juvenile Sphyraena is accomplished by closing the jaws after the prey has entered the buccal cavity, resulting in possible ram transport of the prey with no oral manipulation under these experimental conditions. Although these three species all employ ram feeding for prey capture of elusive prey, each species has a unique repertoire that appears to minimize hydrodynamic constraints and prey response, utilize locomotory capabilities, and may be suited to each species’ specific habitat.
The pineal gland - Its possible roles in human reproduction

The paper discusses the role of the pineal gland in controlling mammalian reproduction, with particular attention given to the role of melatonin in polyestrus mammals, like humans and laboratory rodents. Evidence is cited indicating the influence of melatonin production and blood content on the age of puberty, the timing of the ovulatory cycle, gonadal steriodogenesis, and patterns of reproductive behavior. It is suggested that abnormal patterns of melatonin might be associated with amenorrhea, anovulation, unexplained infertility, premature menopause, and habitual abortions.
A new method for fabricating ultrathin metal films as scratch-resistant flexible transparent electrodes

Abstract Metals are favorable candidates for flexible transparent electrodes because they have high electrical conductivity and good ductility. Theoretically, ultrathin metal films can present low sheet resistance and high transmittance simultaneously. However, due to Ostwald ripening many metal films (e.g., Ag) tend to form in island growth mode, leading to isolated metal islands and non-conducting feature until the films become relatively opaque. Here we present a new vacuum deposition method that can effectively suppress the Ostwald ripening in metal films, which become conducting at a thickness much smaller than the percolation threshold. The conducting and transparent metal films are smooth and scratch-resistant, and are stretchable by forming distributed ruptures upon stretching. This work presents a new and versatile strategy to fabricate scratch-resistant flexible transparent electrodes.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Potentiating Effect of Phenylbutazone on Anticoagulant Action of Warfarin in Man

Warfarin is eliminated more rapidly but its anticoagulant effect is increased by concomitant administration of phenylbutazone. Pharmacokinetic analysis by recently developed techniues shows that the prewarfarin synthesis rate and the normal degradation of prothrombin complex activity are not affected by phenylbutazone, but that this drug has a pronounced effect on the relationship between synthesis rate of prothrombin complex activity and plasma-warfarin concentration. These observations are consistent with the assumption that phenylbutazone competitively displaces warfarin from nonspecific binding sites in the plasma and tissues (particularly the liver) and thereby increases the interaction of the anticoagulant with its pharmacologic receptor and metabolizing enzyme system.
Evaluation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for the control of biofilms

A continuous culture chemostat model was used to simulate a flowing water pipe system such as those found in buildings. A primary vessel was set up to grow an inoculum that would represent a water storage tank feeding secondary and tertiary vessels downstream that simulated the water system. Filter-sterilised tap water was used as the growth medium in the continuous culture vessels with no exogenous carbon sources. In addition, the microbial culture consisted of a mixed consortium obtained from a potable water system. Secondary and tertiary vessels enabled the biofilms to be formed before being challenged with appropriate biocides. Even when testing the efficacy of the different biocides, the vessels were still being challenged with the microbial consortium which was constantly flowing from the primary reservoir vessel. This configuration ensured the reproducibility of the model when testing to destruction in the secondary vessels. The flexibility of the system enabled chlorine dioxide to be tested.
LEARNING COMPLEX CATEGORIES TWO WAYS AT ONCE: THE LINK BETWEEN AUTOMATIC PROCESSING AND NONANALYTIC LEARNING '

Summary.-Concurrent automatic and focal attentive processes were evaluated for a categorization task. Automatic processing is associated with nonanalytic processing and is less deliberate, effortful, and less strategy based. Automatic processing does not interfere with focal attentive processing. This set of facts yielded two hypotheses, that automauc learning of categories would occur concurrently with focal attentive learning of carcgorles and automatic learning of categories would be nonanalyuc. After a phase ol self-pxed learning, analytic categorizers were identified. These analytic subjects proceeded to a speeded categorization task and were tested for evidence of a shift toward nonanalytic learning. A significant increase in nonanalytic responses was found in the speeded condition, providing modest support for the hypotheses.
Mission-critical development with open source software: lessons learned

Using open source software components in a mission-critical project not only can keep the project within budget but can also result in a more robust and flexible tool. When considering an open source component, prospective users should evaluate the project for several characteristics: maturity, longevity, and flexibility. For greatest benefit, the users should also build and maintain a strong working relationship with the component's developers. We compiled our experiences developing SAP into a developer's guide for those considering using open source in their mission-critical application. In addition to discussing how to evaluate open source components suitability for inclusion in a mission-critical application, the guide suggests strategies for working with open source development teams.
Changes in Calpain II mRNA in Young Rat Lens during Maturation and Cataract Formation

Abstract The purpose of these experiments was to describe the expression of mRNA for calpain II proteolytic enzyme (EC 3.4.22.17) during normal maturation of rat lens and in cataract formation. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the concentration of mRNA for calpain II in whole lens was 3–24 times higher than in age-matched rat liver, kidney, lung and brain, and it was at least five times higher than in young human lens. mRNA levels for calpain II were highest in the outer regions of young rat lens at 5×10 6 copies μg −1 total RNA. Early-stage experimental cataract caused increased calpain II mRNA, while mature nuclear cataract showed a 64% loss. In contrast, mRNA levels for GAPDH, β-actin, and lens-specific structural protein βA4 remained constant during experimental cataract formation. Unlike the lower and constant levels in rat liver, kidney and lung; calpain II mRNA levels in whole rat lens decreased with age. These data help explain the high enzymatic activity of calpain II in young rat lens, susceptibility of young rat lens to a variety of cataracts showing increased calcium and calpain-induced proteolysis, and low calpain enzyme activity in human lens. Since the up-regulation of calpain II mRNA was more dynamic than either the amounts of calpain II enzyme or proteolysis of crystallins in cortex, resulting proteolytic activity against the bulk of lens proteins seems to be regulated by post-translational factors, such as increased calcium. The precise role of the up-regulation of calpain II mRNA is unknown, but we hypothesize that it may be associated with the initial cataractogenic response in the epithelial cells or peripheral cortical fibers.
A mathematical model and a heuristic procedure for the turbine balancing problem

Abstract We model the turbine balancing problem as a Quadratic Assignment Problem, and develop two heuristic procedures for solving it. We then compare and contrast the overall performance of these and other procedures on an empirical basis, and recommend a general strategy for solving this problem on the manufacturing floor.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) ameliorates corneal disease in a mouse model of recurrent herpetic keratitis

Interleukin 10 (IL-10), a moderator of Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, has been demonstrated to be present late in acute HSV corneal infection and may help limit blinding inflammatory lesions there. In contrast, IL-10 is present early in the development of recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) lesions in mice. To determine the role of IL-10 and DTH responses in recurrent HSK, we examined DTH responses and disease parameters in latently infected IL-10 knock out (KO) mice, and latently infected normal mice that were untreated or received anti-IL-10 antibodies or recombinant IL-10 following ultraviolet-B stimulated ocular HSV recurrence. Low DTH responses were associated with less severe corneal disease while high DTH responses were associated with greater corneal disease. In IL-10 KO mice, and in normal mice given anti-IL-10 antibodies, corneal opacification was increased and DTH responses were significantly prolonged. Normal mice receiving rIL-10 by ocular and intra-peritoneal routes had less severe corneal lesions. Our results indicate that IL-10 and DTH responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of recurrent HSK in mice.
Clothing and Dressing Needs of People with Arthritis

Millions ofAmericans have some form of arthritis. The cumulative effects of aging can further negatively affect clothing dressing ease and the self-image of arthritics and elderly individuals. This research addressed clothing problems and solutions of nearly 800 Arizona residents with either rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The majority (78%) who responded to the mailed survey were over age 50, and 77% were women. The subjects identified joint involvement that includedfingers, hands, knees, shoulders, and wrists and related effects of lack of mobility, dexterity, and lack of strength in hands and fingers. These physical effects of arthritis were manifested in clothing problems such as lack of comfort and unsuitable designs. Proper fit of clothing was a significant problem for females. Hands and wrist problems were significantly related to difficulty in manipulating fasteners. Difficult clothing design features included turtlenecks, long and set-in sleeves, and back closures for women and pullover s...
Why scientists should do history

Scientists often say that only a practicing scientist can understand certain things vital to the workings of science, things that often escape historians. Scientists, more often than not, believe that the sense required to understand how science is done can be gained only by doing it. They suggest that history written by historians, especially internal history, which is based on critical examination of the scientific ideas themselves, will be wanting. The historian, on the other hand, through the methods and techniques of history, social studies and philosophy— tools not often possessed by scientists—can show scientists how their discipline has come to be, how it is bedded in society, and how it derives its esteem and support for being.
Titration of the intertrial interval in matching-to-sample

Six pigeons were trained in matching-to-sample using a titration procedure. Three of the pigeons began each session at a 60-sec intertrial interval. During the session, two consecutive correct responses reduced the intertrial interval by 2 sec, while a single error increased the intertrial interval by 2 sec. The 60-sec intertrial interval subjects worked toward the 0-sec interval. Both groups acquired high matching accuracy. The groups differed in the distribution of errors within a session. The 60-sec intertrial interval subjects made fewer errors in the first half of a session than in the second half. The 0-sec intertrial interval subjects made more errors in the first half of a session than in the second half of a session. Thus, the titration procedure may have some differential effects depending upon the initial levels of the variable being titrated.
The mysteries of mantle cell lymphoma : do PET scans provide a clue?

Sunken shipwrecks give up their secrets more easily than the disease recognised as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Not until the 1990s was MCL universally recognised as a distinct pathologic entity, an...
The child as held in the mind of the mother: The influence of prenatal maternal representations on parenting behaviors

Using a longitudinal design, this study examined the relationship of a mother's prenatal representation of her child and her parenting behavior with that child at 1 year of age in a sample of women who were either exposed or not exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) (N = 164; M child age = 1.1 years, SD = .11 years; 52% male). Controlling for prenatal IPV, a MANCOVA analysis revealed that prenatal representational typology was significantly related to parenting behavior 1 year postpartum. Mothers whose representations were affectively deactivated (disengaged) were more behaviorally controlling with their children. Mothers whose representations were affectively overactivated (distorted) were more hostile with their children. Mothers with balanced representations demonstrated more positive parenting. Exposure to IPV did not moderate this relationship. There was no direct association between prenatal or postnatal IPV and parenting behavior. These findings suggest that prenatal representations influence postnatal parenting behavior in significant and theoretically consistent ways and that this relationship functions similarly for both abused and nonabused women. Results add to the growing literature that internal representations serve to guide behavior throughout development and suggest that maternal working models may be one important link in the intergenerational transmission of attachment relationships.
Involvement of activated caspase-3-like proteases in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced apoptosis in cerebrocortical neurons.

Excessive activation of glutamate receptors mediates neuronal death in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The intracellular signaling pathways that mediate this type of neuronal death are only partly understood. Following mild insults via NMDA receptor activation, central neurons undergo apoptosis, but with more fulminant insults, necrosis intervenes. Caspases are important in several forms of apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Previously, we have demonstrated that caspases are important in excitotoxicity-mediated apoptosis of cerebrocortical neurons. To determine the possible activation of caspase-3 in NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis, we used an affinity-labeling technique: Biotinylated N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (DEVD.CHO) preferentially labels conformationally active caspase-3-like proteases, allowing us to visualize affinity-labeled caspases with streptavidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate under confocal microscopy. NMDA-induced apoptosis of cerebrocortical neurons was associated with a time-dependent increase in conformationally active caspase-3-like proteases. The activation of caspases was apparent within 20 min of NMDA stimulation and was localized primarily in the cytosol. However, following incubation of neurons for 18-24 h, conformationally active caspase-3-like proteases were also detectable in nuclei. Double labeling with propidium iodide to detect chromatin condensation indicated that affinity-labeled caspase-3-like proteases were specifically expressed in apoptotic cells. To further confirm this, we used an antibody specific for the conformationally active fragment of caspase-3 and found largely concordant results. Moreover, preincubation with DEVD.CHO prevented NMDA-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that caspase-3-like proteases play a major role in excitotoxin-induced neuronal apoptosis.
Voriconazole phototoxicity in children: a retrospective review

Background Voriconazole, an antifungal agent, is associated with various cutaneous reactions, including phototoxicity, accelerated photoaging, and skin cancer. Incidence and risk factors for these reactions in children have not been well described. Objective We sought to determine the incidence of and factors associated with phototoxic reactions and nonmelanoma skin cancer in pediatric patients treated with voriconazole. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 430 pediatric patients treated with voriconazole between 2003 and 2013 at Boston Children's Hospital. Results Incidence of phototoxicity was 20% in all children treated with voriconazole and 47% in children treated for 6 months or longer. Factors associated with phototoxicity included white race, cystic fibrosis, cumulative treatment time, and cumulative dose. Four patients (1%) had nonmelanoma skin cancer; all experienced a phototoxic reaction during voriconazole treatment. Of those with phototoxicity, 5% were discontinued on voriconazole, 6% were referred to dermatology, and 26% received counseling about sun protection from their primary physician. Limitations Our study is limited by its retrospective design and potential referral bias associated with a tertiary-care center. Conclusions Voriconazole-associated phototoxicity is relatively common in children and may lead to nonmelanoma skin cancer. However, those with phototoxic reactions are often continued on therapy, rarely referred to dermatology, and infrequently counseled on sun protection.
Xenopus mothers against decapentaplegic is an embryonic ventralizing agent that acts downstream of the BMP-2/4 receptor

Dorsal-ventral patterning in vertebrate embryos is regulated by members of the TGF-beta family of growth and differentiation factors. In Xenopus the activins and Vg1 are potent dorsal mesoderm inducers while members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) subclass pattern ventral mesoderm and regulate ectodermal cell fates. Receptors for ligands in the TGF-beta superfamily are serine-threonine kinases, but little is known about the components of the signal transduction pathway leading away from these receptors. In Drosophila the decapentaplegic protein (dpp), a homolog of vertebrate BMP-2 and BMP-4, functions in dorsal-ventral axial patterning, and a genetic screen for components involved in signaling by dpp has identified a gene named mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad). Mad encodes a unique, predicted cytoplasmic, protein containing no readily identified functional motifs. This report demonstrates that a gene closely related to Drosophila Mad exists in Xenopus (called XMad) and it exhibits activities consistent with a role in BMP signaling. XMad protein induces ventral mesoderm when overexpressed in isolated animal caps and it ventralizes embryos. Furthermore, XMad rescues phenotypes generated by a signaling-defective, dominant-negative, BMP-2/4 receptor. These results furnish evidence that XMad protein participates in vertebrate embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning by functioning in BMP-2/4 receptor signal transduction.
On “Creating an interface between…” Escorpizo R, Stucki G, Cieza A, et al. Phys Ther. 2010;90:1053–1063.

I commend the authors on exposing physical therapists to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model.1 However, I take issue with the comment that they “found scarce evidence to indicate that the ICF has …
Identification and characterization of PLZF as a prostatic androgen-responsive gene.

BACKGROUND Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) was initially identified by virtue of its fusion with RARα as a result of a variant t(11;17) chromosomal translocation that occurs in a small subset of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. PLZF has been reported to have pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Using a modified subtractive hybridization, we identified PLZF as an androgen-responsive gene in the rat ventral prostate. Northern blot and Western blot were used to characterize the regulation of PLZF by androgens in LNCaP cells. Stable transfections of PLZF in LNCaP cells were performed to assay the effect of PLZF overexpression on LNCaP cell proliferation. RESULTS PLZF mRNA was transiently up-regulated by androgens in the regressed ventral prostate of castrated adult rat. PLZF was also up-regulated by androgens, at both mRNA and protein levels, in the androgen-responsive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Androgen induction of PLZF mRNA was not inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide but inhibited by androgen receptor antagonist bicalutamide, indicating that PLZF is a direct androgen-responsive gene. To study the functions of PLZF in androgen action, LNCaP sublines stably overexpressing PLZF were generated. PLZF overexpression inhibited LNCaP proliferation either in the presence or absence of androgen, which is consistent with the reported anti-proliferative activity of PLZF. CONCLUSIONS The above observations indicate that PLZF is an androgen-responsive gene with anti-proliferative activity in prostate cancer cells. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Low Voltage Steep Turn-Off Tunnel Transistor Design

Abstract —A new tunneling transistor structure is introduced that offers several advantages over prior designs. Notably, tunneling area is substantially increased. Turn on/off swing is improved by engineering doping profile to ensure tunneling initiates in high electric field region. TCAD simulations explore the critical design considerations. The concept of heterojunction tunneling is introduced as a means to achieve low effective band gap and low voltage operation for the design in consideration. I. I NTRODUCTION Increasing power consumption presents a major problem for future ICs. A transistor that can operate below 0.5 V supply is highly desirable. Maintaining large I on /I off ratio at such low V dd is a challenge for MOSFET given the 60 mV/decade subthreshold swing limit. This limit governs the turn off/on of any device based on flow of carriers over an energy barrier. Band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is one process not subject to this limitation. Researchers have long explored the BTBT transistor [1-2]. However, all have relied on the same basic structure -- the gated PN diode. This conventional structure for an n-type FET is shown in Fig. 1. The location of tunneling is indicated by the arrow at the edge of the source region. The transistor “turns on” when the gate voltage exceeds the overlap voltage, V
Hemiarthroplasty in rotator cuff tear arthropathy

Abstract Rotator cuff tear arthropathy results in a painful glenohumeral joint with poor function. Loss of the stabilizing effect of the rotator cuff allows superior subluxation of the humeral head. The poor mechanical advantage of the deltoid muscle creates a weak, poorly functioning shoulder. Hemiarthroplasty with a large humeral head component can relieve pain and retain some of the mechanical advantage of the deltoid by lateralizing the center of rotation of the humeral head and regaining deltoid length. A larger-than-anatomic humeral head decreases the risk of further superior subluxation of the humeral head by decreasing wear. Stability is regained by retensioning the deltoid muscle envelope. This article reviews the technique of large head hemiarthroplasty in this difficult reconstructive problem.
Asian Dust Particles Induce TGF-β(1) via Reactive Oxygen Species in Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

Background: Asian dust storms can be transported across eastern Asia. In vitro, Asian dust particle-induced inflammation and enhancement of the allergic reaction have been observed. However, the fibrotic effects of Asian dust particles are not clear. Production of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin were investigated in the bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to Asian dust particulate matter (AD-PM10). Methods: During Asian dust storm periods, air samples were collected. The bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to AD-PM10 with and without the antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Then TGF-β1 and fibronectin were detected by Western blotting. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by the measurement of dicholorodihydrofluorescin (DCF), using a FACScan, and visualized by a confocal microscopy. Results: The expression of TGF-β1, fibronectin and ROS was high after being exposed to AD-PM10, compared to the control. NAC attenuated both TGF-β1 and fibronectin expression in the AD-PM10-exposed the bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusion: AD-PM10 may have fibrotic potential in the bronchial epithelial cells and the possible mechanism is AD-PM10-induced intracellular ROS.
Do we see before we look

We investigated neural correlates of target detection in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during a free viewing search task and analyzed signals locked to saccadic events. Subjects performed a search task for multiple random scenes while we simultaneously recorded 64 channels of EEG and tracked subjects eye position. For each subject we identified target saccades (TS) and distractor saccades (DS). We sampled the sets of TS and DS saccades such that they were equalized/matched for saccade direction and duration, ensuring that no information in the saccade properties themselves was discriminating for their type. We aligned EEG to the saccade onset and used logistic regression (LR), in the space of the 64 electrodes, to identify activity discriminating a TS from a DS on a single-trial basis. We found significant discriminating activity in the EEG both before and after the saccade. We also saw substantial reduction in discriminating activity when the saccade was executed. We conclude that we can identify neural signatures of detection both before and after the saccade, indicating that subjects anticipate the target before the last saccade, which serves to foveate and confirm the target identity.