cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiscale genomic imaging informatics [Life Sciences]

It is well known that the human genome has multiscale structures; multiscale approaches at the cellular, molecular, and sequence levels have been used to detect genomic variations, which are associated with phenotypic differences or diseases including cancers. Reaping the fruit of human genome sequencing, high-resolution imaging probes have been designed in recent years. Combined with image processing techniques, they enable the detection of cryptic and complex genetic aberrations at higher resolutions, holding great promise for personalized medicine. However, fulfilling the promise calls for powerful analytic techniques to handle the vast amount of imaging data generated by these high resolution imaging probes. Signal processing techniques such as wavelets play an important role in addressing computational challenges in this emerging area.
An optimal control strategy for collision avoidance of mobile robots in nonstationary environments

An optimal control formulation of the problem of collision avoidance of mobile robots in environments containing moving obstacles is presented. Collision avoidance is guaranteed if the minimum distance between the robot and the objects is nonzero. A nominal trajectory is assumed to be known from offline planning. The main idea is to change the velocity along the nominal trajectory so that collisions are avoided. Furthermore, time consistency with the nominal plan is desirable. A numerical solution of the optimization problem is obtained. Simulation results verify the value of the proposed strategy. >
Application of self organizing map approach for partial discharge pattern recognition of insulators

This paper proposes a self organizing map (SOM) based recognition method to identify the insulation defects of electrical apparatus arising from partial discharge (PD). PD patterns are detected by a PD detecting system set up in the laboratory. The significant features of PD patterns are extracted by using the nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) method. Based on the feature extracted, the SOM network is further employed for the PD pattern recognition. To verify the proposed approach, experiments are conducted to demonstrate the field-test PD pattern recognition of insulators by using 250 feature vectors of field-test PD patterns. Five types of models with artificial defects are purposely created to produce five common PD activities of insulators for the experiments. The practical results show that the proposed method is promising as a solution to the PD pattern recognition.
Pre-Emptive Targeting of the Epitope Spreading Cascade with Genetically Modified Regulatory T Cells During Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease

Epitope spreading or endogenous self-priming has been implicated in mediating the progression of autoimmune disease. In the present study we created an immune-deviated, epitope spreading response in SWXJ mice after the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a prototypic autoimmune animal model widely used in multiple sclerosis research. We established an immunoregulatory spreading repertoire by transferring T cells genetically modified to produce high levels of IL-10 in response to a dominant epitope spreading determinant. Installation of a Th2/Tr1-like spreading repertoire resulted in a marked and prolonged inhibition of disease progression and demyelination characterized by 1) bystander inhibition of the recall response to the priming immunogen, and 2) a Th1→Tr1 immune-deviated spreading response involving a shift in the source of IL-10 production from the transferred regulatory population to the host-derived, endogenously primed repertoire. Thus, our data provide a rationale for cell-based therapeutic intervention in multiple sclerosis by showing that pre-emptive targeting of the epitope spreading cascade with regulatory T cells effectively induces an immune-deviated spreading response capable of inhibiting ongoing inflammatory autoreactivity and disease progression.
Cholinergic Modulation May Enhance Cortical Associative Memory Function

Combining neuropharmacological experiments with computational modeling, we have shown that cholinergic modulation may enhance associative memory function in piriform (olfactory) cortex. We have shown that the acetylcholine analogue carbachol selectively suppresses synaptic transmission between cells within piriform cortex, while leaving input connections unaffected. When tested in a computational model of piriform cortex, this selective suppression, applied during learning, enhances associative memory performance.
SPATIAL BEHAVIOR: RATS AND MAN

(1971). SPATIAL BEHAVIOR: RATS AND MAN. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 11-14.
Enhanced Activity of Osteoblast Differentiation Factor (PEBP2αA2/CBFa1) in Affected Sutural Osteoblasts From Patients With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

Abstract Objective: Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is characterized by premature closure of one or more cranial sutures in infants. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cellular and molecular events that lead to pathogenesis of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Design: This study utilized discarded samples of normal and affected cranial sutures from 12 patients (7 boys, 5 girls) with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Results: Histological evaluation of affected sutures revealed complete osseous obliteration instead of a zone of connective tissue and osteogenic cells as seen in normal sutures. Although proliferation of normal and affected osteoblasts did not vary substantially, elevated osteocalcin production and increased in vitro bone nodule formation indicated that the differentiation and the bone-forming potential of affected osteoblasts was significantly higher than that of normal cells. We therefore investigated the levels and activity of Cbfa1, a transcription factor that plays an integral rol...
A Therapeutic Antiviral from an Extract of A Infected E. coli (Phagicin).

SummaryA new antiviral agent with activity both in vivo and in vitro has been obtained from lambda infected E. coli.A study of the antiviral activity of the lysate in chick embryo monolayers shows that this material is effective in completely suppressing both vaccinia and herpes simplex when added before and as long as 6 hours after infection, and the activity is retained by chick embryo monolayers that have been preincubated with the lysate and were washed thoroughly prior to infection.The lysate does not block absorption of the virus, but rather inhibits intracellular replication. The activity of the lysate is not due to the infective lambda particle per se but to a soluble protein fraction.In vivo, this material has significant therapeutic activity in the treatment of rabbit corneal ulcers.
‘Trinidad Moruga Scorpion’ Pepper is the World’s Hottest Measured Chile Pepper at More Than Two Million Scoville Heat Units

This study established the heat levels for several high-heat chile pepper (Capsicum chinense) varieties (Trinidad Moruga Scorpion, Bhut Jolokia, Trinidad Scorpion, Douglah Trinidad Chocolate, and Trinidad 7-pot Jonah) to determine which variety has the highest average measured heat level and the relatedness of the chile peppers using molecular analysis. In replicated trials with appropriate controls at Las Cruces, NM, results show two ‘Trinidad Moruga Scorpion’ chile pepper plants reached more than two million Scoville heat units (SHU). This is the first confirmation of chile pepper fruit measuring more than two million SHU. A large range of heat levels was observed among the field plots—further supporting strong environmental effects on chile pepper pungency. ‘Trinidad Moruga Scorpion’ was significantly hotter than ‘Bhut Jolokia’, but ‘Trinidad 7-pot Jonah’, ‘Douglah Trinidad Chocolate’, and ‘Trinidad Scorpion’ did not differ significantly from ‘Bhut Jolokia’. Molecular analysis with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers confirmed that the accessions are genetically unique. ‘Trinidad Moruga Scorpion’ belongs to the species C. chinense and is not the same chile pepper as ‘Bhut Jolokia’.
The Big Eye in the 21st century: the role of electron microscopy in modern diagnostic neuropathology.

Electron microscopy (EM) remains a powerful and even essential tool in modern diagnostic neuropathology. Tumors are still encountered that defy histological or immunohistochemical classification, and EM can often provide answers in these cases. Tumors of the CNS for which EM is useful include unusual or atypical variants of meningioma, ependymoma, and schwannoma; oligodendroglioma-like tumors composed of small “clear” cells; and small “blue cell” tumors of childhood. EM is of great value in identifying site of origin for metastatic adenocarcinomas of unknown origin—an under-recognized and under-utilized potential for this technique. EM is useful in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors. EM is also important in the evaluation of certain congenital, inherited and metabolic diseases—including ceroid lipofuscinoses, CADASIL syndrome, certain myopathies, and mitochondrial encephalomyopathies—and of certain toxic and drug-induced peripheral neuropathies. An important application of EM is its utility in initiating a workup of an atypical tumor or metabolic condition, for which clinical and histological clues point in no obvious direction. In these situations, EM may provide either an answer outright (including answers to questions not asked) or important clues that guide further workup and narrow the range of diagnostic possibilities.
Home parenteral nutrition as primary therapy in patients with extensive Crohn's disease of the small bowel and malnutrition.

Seven patients with extensive Crohn's disease have received nightly supplementary home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for a total of 120 patient months. Indications for HPN were short bowel in 5, growth failure in 1, and gastric outlet obstruction in 1. Before HPN, body weight averaged 72% of ideal body weight in 5 patients; 1 adolescent was less than the third percentile in weight. Anthropometry in 6 patients confirmed decrease in fat and lean body mass in all. All patients were anemic and serum albumin was low in 6 of 7 (1.8 to 3.0 g per dl). During HPN average weight gain was 11 kg in the 6 patients treated for 6 months or longer. Hemoglobin increased an average of 1.5 g per dl and serum albumin increased an average of 1.0 g per dl. There were 50% fewer hospitalizations after HPN was begun compared with similar time periods before HPN. HPN did not prevent or reverse complications of Crohn's disease other than malnutrition. Major complications were displacement of the catheter on two occasions in 1 patient and metabolic acidosis in 2 patients. Sepsis did not occur. Conclusion: HPN is justified in selected patients with extensive Crohn's disease and malnutrition in that patients gain weight, nutritional parameters improve, and patients' activities increase as number of hospitalizations decrease.
Fun with fonts

Over the past decade, we have designed six typefaces based on mathematical theorems and open problems, specifically computational geometry. These typefaces expose the general public in a unique way to intriguing results and hard problems in hinged dissections, geometric tours, origami design, computer-aided glass design, physical simulation, and protein folding. In particular, most of these typefaces include puzzle fonts, where reading the intended message requires solving a series of puzzles which illustrate the challenge of the underlying algorithmic problem.
13C Chemical Shifts and the Determination of DNA and RNA Structure

13C CP/MAS solid-state NMR techniques are a useful way to study the relationship between molecular conformation and carbon chemical shifts, because they allow acquisition of spectra for molecules ‘frozen’ in a single conformation, rather than averaged over a Boltzmann distribution of all accessible low-energy conformations, as is the case in the liquid state. In the particular case of nucleosides and nucleotides, where the major conformational flexibility is in and around the sugar ring, a variety of different conformations are available in crystalline materials; these conformations are presumably determined largely by intramolecular and crystal packing forces. Thus the observed chemical shifts observed in the solid state correspond to specific sugar ring conformations rather than to average values over the many conformations that exist in a state of rapid equilibrium in solution. While the latter situation may be approached by analyzing H-H coupling constants using a modified Karplus equation, this approach encounters real difficulties when used in the presence of significant cross-relaxation (Harbison, 1993)
Recognizing Similarities and Differences Between Print and Digital Literacy in Education

This article focuses on recognizing similarities and differences between print and digital literacy in the field of education since the 1980's. The author found that many books and peer-reviewed articles agreed that both forms of literacy are social constructions of thought used to help humans read and write in the world. Literature suggests more work must be completed in the field of literacy studies and education in order to best understand the needs of digitally driven students in the United States. Differing definitions of print and digital literacy among articles were apparent, but those differences highlighted the importance of the meaning-making process. The evolution of recent advances in technology gives reason for researchers to question the future of literacy and its role in education. Literature for this review was limited to texts in English from the UNM Library databases: ERIC, WorldCat.org, ArticleFirst, Education Abstracts, Google Scholar, and Academic Search Complete.
From Prediction to Action: Improving User Experience With Data-Driven Resource Allocation

Driven by the desire for a better user experience and enabled by improved data storage and processing, much of the recent work has studied user experience prediction in cellular networks. In this paper, moving beyond the prediction-only approach, we propose a data-driven resource allocation framework that uses data-generated prediction models to explicitly guide resource allocation for user experience improvement. In a closed-loop fashion, it further leverages and verifies the causal relation that often exists between certain feature values (e.g., bandwidth) and user experience in computer networks. As a case study, we consider how to reduce the number of user complaints in cellular networks. Our approach consists of three components: we train a logistic regression classifier to predict user experience, utilize the trained likelihood as the objective function to allocate network resource, and then evaluate user experience with allocated resource to (in)validate and adjust the original model. We design a DualHet algorithm to tackle the problem of multi-dimensional resource optimization with heterogeneous users. Numerical simulations based on both synthetic and real network data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. In particular, the simulations based on real data demonstrate up to $2\times $ performance improvement compared with the baseline algorithm.
CK14, FOXA1, and androgen receptor (AR) expression in patients (pts) with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

1126 Background: TNBC is recognized to be heterogeneous based on gene expression profiling. An AR+, androgen-dependent subset of TNBC benefits from antiAR drugs. FOXA1, a nuclear mediator of steroi...
Baclofen-Related Neurotoxicity: Implication in a Fatality Associated With Hepatorenal Syndrome.

PEER REVIEW: Five peer reviewers contributed to the peer review report. Reviewers’ reports totaled 398 words, excluding any confidential comments to the academic editor. FUNDING: The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. DECLARATION OF CONFLICTING INTERESTS: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Author Contributions LKG participated in review of the case, structured the literature review, and drafted the manuscript. LEG participated in the case review, conducted the literature review, participated in local educational activities related to this case, and approved the final manuscript. IIK participated in the case review, provided local oversight for the case review, directed risk management and local educational activities related to this case, and approved the final manuscript.
Communicating uncertainty in the radiology report

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this article are to explore the issue of diagnostic uncertainty in radiology and how the radiology report has often fallen short in this regard and to suggest approaches that can be helpful in addressing this challenge. CONCLUSION. The practice of medicine involves a great deal of uncertainty, which is an uncomfortable reality for most physicians. Radiologists are more often than not faced with considerable diagnostic uncertainty and in their written reports are challenged to effectively communicate that uncertainty to referring physicians and others.
Symbionts, Genetics of

Symbioses are close relationships between organisms of different species, each of which may receive benefits from their partners that they did not have while living alone. Such mutualistic interactions have been shaped by coevolution over long timescales, leading to genetic and genomic rearrangements in the symbionts. The size of the genome of vertically transmitted symbionts (i.e., spread from parent to offspring) tends to be reduced because of the genetic bottlenecks occurring at each generation and the costs of carrying genes no longer useful in the context of the symbiosis. This is the case for many bacteria that formed endosymbioses with insects several million years ago and are essential for their host via the provision of nutrients. For horizontally transmitted symbionts, the symbiosis needs to reform at each generation, as it is the case for plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia). Those symbiotic relationships rely on a signal exchange between partners that lead to mutual recognition and development of symbiotic structures. Consequently, additional traits are under selective pressure, such as signaling pathways, and can lead to complex coevolved mechanisms.
Continuum of disease versus the fascination with numbers: an ongoing struggle

Some years ago, a pleasant 76-year-old patient presented to our Valve Clinic for a second opinion on her aortic stenosis (AS). She was reassured by her primary cardiologist that her valve ‘was not quite there yet for surgery’, but continued to be troubled by mild dyspnoea. She just wanted to make sure nothing was missed. Her home echocardiogram showed a valve area of 1.0 cm2, with a peak velocity of 3.8 m/s and a mean gradient of 36 mm Hg; the official interpretation on the home report was that of moderate AS. Ever since echocardiography was shown to reliably estimate aortic valve gradients and valve area,1 ,2 it has de facto replaced catheterisation for assessment of AS severity. Indeed, both European and American professional societies endorse echocardiography as initial approach, with additional studies (CT, invasive haemodynamic assessment) reserved for those patients in whom disease severity is indeterminate, or when clinical and echocardiographic findings are discordant.3-5 However, the traditional cut-off values used for the definition of severe AS (aortic valve area (AVA) 40 mm Hg and peak velocity >4 m/s) have been criticised as being …
Power Politics or Public Pandering? An Empirical Investigation of Economic Sanctions and Presidential Approval

ABSTRACTHow do economic sanctions affect presidential approval? Competing claims have been made about the domestic political consequences of economic sanctions. One claim is that sanctions are unpopular because they have negative economic consequences; another claim is that sanctions are popular because they project an image of strength; and another claim is that sanctions are neither popular nor unpopular because the public is uninformed about international affairs. These arguments imply competing identification restrictions. I test these competing models using a Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregression (B-SVAR) model. The results show that sanctions have a moderate negative effect on presidential approval. I use these findings as a basis for a broader set of auxiliary analyses. Despite received wisdom, sanctions imposed for different reasons against different target states do not produce disparate effects on public opinion. These analyses resolve an important empirical dilemma that weighs on a range of...
Stress Concentration of One Microvoid Embedded in an Adhesive Layer under Harmonic Load

AbstractThis paper investigates the stress concentration of an adhesive material containing a micro air void subjected to a harmonic dynamic surface load. The elastodynamic Green’s function was use...
The Internationalization of Higher Education in the West Indies

This chapter examines critically the history, contributions of, and current status of Higher Education in the West Indies, also known as the Caribbean Region. This chapter explores and evaluates the historical development the shifts in control and the contemporary status of access and control of higher education in the Caribbean, and the British West Indies. The chapter demonstrates that the West Indies Higher Education system has created a stable niche market in international education, not only for students, who are citizens of the various countries in the West Indies, but also for students throughout the world.
QSM: A General Purpose Shared-Memory Model for Parallel Computation

We describe a general-purpose shared-memory model for parallel computation, called the QSM [21], which provides a high-level shared-memory abstraction for parallel algorithm design, as well as the ability to be emulated in an effective manner on the BSP, a lower-level, distributed-memory model. We present new emulation results that show that very little generality is lost by not having a "gap parameter" at memory.
Progressive Upregulation of Oxidative Metabolism Facilitates Plasmablast Differentiation to a T-Independent Antigen

Transitioning from a metabolically quiescent naive B cell to an antibody-secreting plasmablast requires division-dependent cellular differentiation. Though cell division demands significant ATP and metabolites, the metabolic processes used for ATP synthesis during plasmablast formation are not well described. Here, the metabolic requirements for plasmablast formation were determined. Following T-independent stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, B cells increased expression of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery in a stepwise manner. Such activated B cells have increased capacity to perform oxidative phosphorylation but showed dependency on glycolysis. Plasmablasts displayed higher oxidative metabolism to support antibody secretion, as inhibiting oxidative ATP production resulted in decreased antibody titers. Differentiation by Blimp1 was required for this increase in oxidative metabolism, as Blimp1-deficient cells proliferate but do not upregulate oxidative phosphorylation. Together, these findings identify a shift in metabolic pathways as B cells differentiate, as well as the requirement for increased metabolic potential to support antibody production.
Implantable Cardiac Devices

There is an increasing use of implantable cardiac devices in patients with chronic heart failure. These devices have a number of functions including pacing, defibrillation, and data collection. In addition, a new generation of investigational stand-alone implantable hemodynamic monitoring systems are making their way toward clinical practice. While referral for consideration of such devices can be done on a nonemergent outpatient basis, an encounter in the emergency department and/or the short-stay setting may be the one opportunity for getting an appropriate patient to the right therapeutic device. Thus, we will briefly discuss the indications for the various implantable cardiac devices. We will also discuss in more detail the data that can be extracted from implantable devices and describe how this information can assist with the diagnosis and treatment of acutely decompensated heart failure.
Li ion diffusion measurements in V2O5 and Li(Co1−xAlx)O2 thin-film battery cathodes

Abstract Thin films of V 2 O 5 and LiCoO 2 were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and the chemical diffusion coefficients, D were measured by potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT). The PLD-grown V 2 O 5 and LiCoO 2 films are electrochemically similar to bulk powders and thin films produced by other techniques. In crystalline V 2 O 5 , the maximum and minimum D were found to be 1.7×10 −12 cm 2 s −1 and 5.8×10 −15 cm 2 s −1 respectively, with a general trend for D to rise in single-phase regions. In amorphous V 2 O 5 films, D was initially 5×10 −13 cm 2 s −1 and decreased steadily to 1.2×10 −13 cm 2 s −1 at Li 0.4 V 2 O 5 . The decrease in D then became more gradual with a final value of 5.52×10 −14 cm 2 s −1 at Li 1.5 V 2 O 5 . The chemical diffusion coefficient of Li in LiCoO 2 films ranged from 1×10 −12 –4×10 −11 cm 2 s −1 with a pronounced minimum at Li 0.7 CoO 2 . Thin films of LiCo 0.5 Al 0.5 O 2 also deposited by PLD exhibited limited cycling capabilities and an upper bound of D =9×10 −13 cm 2 s −1 .
Serum anti-proteases in the leukemias.

Quantitative changes in two serum anti-proteases in several types of adult leukemia are described. High anti-chymotrypsin and low anti-rennin concentrations were observed in the acute leukemias while the reverse was found in chronic forms of the disease. The relationship between the enzyme inhibitors and disease activity in leukemia is similar to that reported in cancer patients.
Recent History of Serious Fall Injuries and Posttransplant Outcomes Among US Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background Serious fall injuries are associated with poor outcomes among dialysis patients, but whether these associations hold in patients with a history of serious fall injury before kidney transplantation is unknown. Methods In national administrative data, 22 474 US adults receiving a first kidney transplant in 2011-2014 with at least 1 year of follow-up before transplant were identified. Serious fall injuries in the year before transplant were identified using diagnostic codes for falls and simultaneous fractures, dislocations, or head trauma in inpatient or outpatient claims. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations of incident posttransplant outcomes with serious fall injury in the year before transplant. Results A total of 620 (2.8%) recipients had serious fall injuries before transplant and were more likely to be white, female, and have more comorbid conditions than those without a fall injury. Although posttransplant recipient survival did not differ by recent serious fall injuries (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-1.36), these injuries were associated with 33% higher rates of graft failure (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.72). Patients with serious fall injuries spent 12.1% of posttransplant follow-up hospitalized, a 3.3-fold higher rate than those without a fall, and had nearly 2-fold higher rates of skilled nursing facility utilization (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.52-2.57). Conclusions Serious fall injuries are independently associated with significantly greater resource requirements and lower graft survival. Further study is needed to delineate the relationship between falls and adverse outcomes in transplant and reduce the incidence and deleterious effects of these events.
Abjection, Precarity and Populist Mood

Emergent democracy turns back upon itself, having—as Francisco Panizza puts it—internalized the alienating and oppressive weight of sovereign neoliberal global governmentality.1 To appreciate the p...
Comparison of Endothelial Keratoplasty Techniques in Patients With Prior Glaucoma Surgery: A Case-Matched Study

Purpose To compare the outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with those of Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in eyes with prior glaucoma surgery. Design Case-matched retrospective comparative case series. Methods Setting/study population: 46 DMEK procedures were matched with 46 DSEK procedures at a single institution. Observation procedures: cases were matched based on preoperative visual acuity, lens status, and surgical indication. Main outcome measurements: the outcome measurements included visual acuity improvement, primary and secondary graft failure, endothelial rejection, intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, and the need for additional glaucoma intervention. Results Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved by −0.89 logMAR in the DMEK group and −0.62 logMAR in the DSEK group (P = 0.005) at 1 year follow-up. Visual acuity was significantly better in the DMEK group at postoperative months 1, 3, and 12 and at last follow-up. The percentage of patients achieving 20/40 or better best-corrected visual acuity was higher in the DMEK group at all time points, notably 47% in the DMEK group versus 15% in the DSEK group at 1 year (P = 0.002). Secondary graft failure was lower in the DMEK group (DMEK 0% vs. DSEK 17%; P = 0.006). Primary graft failure rates and rebubling rates were similar. There were no differences in the rates of postoperative IOP elevation or in the need for additional glaucoma intervention. Conclusions In complex eyes with prior glaucoma surgery, DMEK offers faster visual recovery, better final visual acuity, and a lower rate of secondary graft failure compared to DSEK during the first postoperative year and beyond.
A Miniaturized 3-10GHz Dual-Comb Spectroscopy System for Chemical Detection

This paper presents a miniaturized dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) system in ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range. In this system, two comb generators produce UWB frequency combs with slightly different repetition frequencies. One of the frequency combs is passed through a microstrip sensor loaded by a material under test (MUT) and then is combined with the other comb. After that, the combination experiences second order nonlinearity by a diode detector. Consequently, the effect of MUT in the UWB is downconverted to the baseband. Successful detection of MUTs including air, ethanol, and methanol according to the output magnitude is demonstrated in this paper.
WISDOM: watering intelligently at scale with distributed optimization and modeling

As lawn irrigation is estimated to consume 7 billion gallons of scarce fresh water each day in North America alone, lawn irrigation systems are a high priority for improvements in efficiency. To this end, recent work has introduced several key advancements in irrigation control. Distributed actuation systems allow the irrigation system to apply water completely independently across the field allowing flexibility of control, and the use of fluid flow modeling and optimization allows more efficient schedules to be computed automatically, significantly improving the irrigation quality of service as well. However, the proposed systems are designed with centralized architectures that introduce single points of failure, computational bottlenecks in data processing, and significant network energy for data forwarding used by the centralized data-driven modeling strategies. In response to these challenges, we propose and demonstrate WISDOM, whose novel and flexible hardware and processing pipelines enable the use of a distributed system for the management of irrigation systems of any scale, with energy independence by way of energy harvesting. Across 4 weeks of live system deployment, we find that the WISDOM system can save up to 32.9% of water in comparison to industry-best, while maintaining a perfect quality of service to the plant. Furthermore, with substantial analysis in simulation we find that in addition to practical system improvements, the use of the proposed distributed system within typical operating conditions will provide all of the efficiency and quality-of-service benefits of the globally-modeled, centrally controlled systems, while allowing the robust control of irrigation systems of any size.
FALLS AND NUTRITIONAL RISK AMONG RURAL STATE RESIDENTS

Vermont continues to have one of the nation’s highest fall rates and its rurality may be a contributing factor. The purpose of our study was to compare fall history and nutritional risk (a fall risk factor also associated with rurality) in participants from rural and metropolitan areas. We collected data at statewide community-based fall risk screenings. During the events, nutritional data was collected using the DETERMINE Your Nutritional Health Screening Tool Questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics (chi2) to examine the relationship between fall history, nutritional risk, and rurality. From 123 subjects, 67% were classified as rural residents. There was no relationship between fall history and nutritional risk (p=0.6). Compared to rural residents, a significantly higher percentage of those living in metropolitan areas reported falls (54% versus 35% p=0.05). However, metropolitan residents were not at higher nutritional risk (49% versus 54%, p=0.61). National nutritional risk rates are lacking, but food insecurity is associated with nutritional risk. Our overall reported high nutritional risk (20%) is higher than the prevalence of food insecurity, both nationally (11%) and in Vermont (9%). In conclusion, we did not identify a relationship between fall history and nutritional risk. We did find a higher percentage of metropolitan residents reporting falls. Furthermore, we identified that DETERMINE is a feasible nutritional screening tool to use at fall risk screenings. It can be used to identify community-dwelling older adults at nutritional risk, but it may not have the sensitivity to identify an association between nutritional risk and falls.
Sleep-wake-cycle as a Tool to Predict Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Neonates Treated with Ecmo

Purpose: Predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates treated with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure remains challenging. No single parameter is capable of predicting long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. In neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the combination of imaging, the return of sleep-wake-cycle (SWC) on electroencephalography (EEG) over time, and feeding mode at discharge has been shown to be a useful prognostic method if applied together. We speculate that a combination of parameters, including an abnormal sleep-wake-cycle (SWC) on EEG, feeding mode at discharge, and MRI findings can …
Acceleration compensation for gravity sense using an accelerometer in an aerodynamically stable UAV

This paper considers the problem of compensating for vehicular accelerations in an inertial sensor, in order to obtain a sense of the gravitational field. The gravity sense can then be used to estimate the relative attitude of the sensor with respect to the field. However, the accelerometer in inertial measurement units (IMUs) measures the sum of the inertial acceleration and the gravitational field, and the measurement cannot be directly decomposed into the two components. Separating the gravitational component out is therefore crucial to the use of IMUs for attitude estimation or determination. The separation has typically been accomplished by making a steady turn assumption in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper introduces a new assumption that the aerodynamic forces are nearly constant in the body frame. This assumption leads to significant improvement in estimator performance during perturbations from a nominal motion, when restricted to UAVs that possess inherently stable aerodynamics. The stability properties of the compensator are analyzed to prove that the compensator retains the property of asymptotic stability under a steady turn assumption, and that it performs better despite not being asymptotically stable when the assumption is withdrawn. The resulting improvement in performance is demonstrated both in simulations as well as experiments.
On the outside-option principle with one-sided options

Abstract This note examines a bargaining game in which a single player has an outside option that can be taken in any period of time. If the outside-option value is close to the efficient frontier, then there exist equilibria that contravene the “outside-option principle.” In particular, the player with the outside option may receive significantly less than his/her equilibrium payoff in the game without it. An example of option-contract renegotiation is provided.
Book reviewRitual and its Consequences: An Essay on the Limits of Sincerity, Adam B. Seligman, Robert P. Weller, Michael J. Puett, Bennett Simon (Eds.), Oxford University Press, New York (2008), p. 229

Ritual and its Consequences is an interdisciplinary exploration of the ways that ritual provides structure to an ambiguous world. The social orientation of ritual is contrasted with that of “sincer...
A Lacewing Bug, Paleoanomala aptenus gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Tingidae), in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber

A female lacewing bug in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber is described as Paleoanomala aptenus gen. et sp. nov. (Tingidae: Hemiptera). This specimen is small and flightless and has partially fused hemelytra. The dorsum is covered with areoles formed by large dark punctures. The vestigial eyes, lack of ocelli, and a flattened body suggest that this specimen lived in a stable, protected habitat. It is proposed that the precursor of Paleoanomala was macropterous with functional wings, however, the suture separating the original hemelytra is now partially fused and not capable of separation.
Autoimmune Hepatitis-Primary Biliary Cholangitis Overlap Syndrome Triggered by COVID-19

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has caused the ongoing global pandemic. Initially considered a respiratory disease, it can manifest with a wide range of complications (gastrointestinal, neurological, thromboembolic and cardiovascular) leading to multiple organ dysfunction. A range of immune complications have also been described. We report the case of a 57-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, prediabetes and beta thalassemia minor, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently developed fatigue and arthralgias, and whose blood work showed hyperferritinemia, elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT/GGT), hypergammaglobulinemia, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome triggered by COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported. Learning points COVID-19 can precipitate a wide range of immune complications; we report a case of autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome triggered by COVID-19.Clinicians should be aware of this unusual manifestation of COVID-19 so that prompt and appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions can be initiated if the syndrome is suspected or confirmed.Our case further suggests the necessity for continued and regular follow-up of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 in order to uncover the long-term effects of the novel virus.
Abstract LB202: Biphosphorylated Src at Y416/527 is active in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and a subset of patient samples

Targeted therapeutics are needed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we investigated the activation of Src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases (SFKs) and two SFK substrates: CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) and protein kinase C delta (PKCd) in 56 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) TNBCs. Expression of SFK phosphorylated at Y416 (SFK_pY416+) in tumor cells was strongly associated with phosphorylation of CDCP1 and PKCd (CDCP1_ pY743+ and PKCd_pY311+), as assessed by immunohistochemistry, indicating increased SFK activity in situ. To enable biochemical analysis, protein extraction from FFPE tissue was optimized. Cleaved CDCP1 isoform (70 kDa) was expressed to a varying degree in all samples but only phosphorylated in TNBC tumor cells that expressed SFK_pY416. Interestingly, active SFK was found to be biphosphorylated (SFK_pY416+/pY527+). Biphosphorylated active SFK was observed more frequently in forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1)-TNBCs. In addition, in SFK_pY416-samples, FOXA1+ TNBC tended to be SFK_pY527+ (classic inactive SFK), and FOXA1- TNBC tended to be SFK_pY527-(SFK poised for activation). Strong SFK_pY416 staining was also observed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a subset of TNBCs with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte content. This report will facilitate protein biochemical analysis of FFPE tumor samples and justifies the development of therapies targeting the SFK/CDCP1/PKCd pathway for TNBC treatment. Citation Format: Olga V. Razorenova, Luke Nelson, Heather Wright, Nguyen Dinh, Kevin Nguyen, Scott Heinemann. Biphosphorylated Src at Y416/527 is active in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and a subset of patient samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB202.
Pre-Cardiac Dental Treatment Does Not Increase the Risk of Adverse Events.

Purpose Elimination of dental sources of infection prior to cardiovascular surgery (CVS) is performed to reduce perioperative infection and complications. This study aims to evaluate if preoperative dental intervention is associated with increased risk of adverse events. Methods A retrospective medical record review of inpatient consultations (n = 1513) completed by the Hospital Dentistry Service at University of California Los Angeles Medical Center from January 2011 to December 2020 was performed. Seven hundred thirty-eight consults met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 4 groups: Group A were patients that were dentally unhealthy and received surgical dental intervention (n = 265), Group B were patients that were dentally unhealthy and underwent non-surgical dental treatment (n = 14), Group C were patients that were dentally unhealthy and did not receive the recommended dental treatment (n = 29), and Group D were patients that were dentally healthy requiring no intervention (n = 430). They were evaluated for major adverse events in 3 categories: dental complications, medical adverse events and death. Results Dental complications were only experienced in Group A, all of which were bleeding. Only 2 patients were found to have major bleeding, which was more likely due to anticoagulation and CVS rather than dental extractions. There was no significant difference in the number of medical adverse events or number of deaths during the postoperative period between groups. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that elimination of oral infection prior to CVS does not increase the risk of morbidity or mortality.
Safety and feasibility of urological procedures in Jehovah’s Witness patients

OBJECTIVES To describe the safety and feasibility of urological transfusion-free surgeries in Jehovah's Witness patients. METHODS An institutional review board-approved, retrospective review of Jehovah's Witness patients who underwent urological transfusion-free surgeries between 2003 and 2019 was carried out. Surgeries were stratified into low, intermediate and high risk based on complexity, invasiveness and bleeding potential. Patient demographics, perioperative data and clinical outcomes are reported. RESULTS A total of 161 Jehovah's Witness patients (median age 63.4 years) underwent 171 transfusion-free surgeries, including 57 (33.3%) in low-, 82 (47.9%) in intermediate- and 32 (18.8%) in high-risk categories. The mean estimated blood loss increased with risk category at 48 mL (range 10-50 mL), 150 mL (range 50-200 mL) and 388 mL (range 137-500 mL), respectively (P < 0.001). Implementing blood augmentation and conservation techniques increased with each risk category (3.5% vs 29% vs 69%, respectively; P < 0.001). Average length of stay increased concordantly at 1.6 days (range 0-12 days), 2.9 days (range 1-13 days) and 5.6 days (range 2-12 days), respectively (P ≤ 0.001). However, there was no increase in complication rates and readmission rates attributed to bleeding among the risk categories at 30 days (P = 0.9 and 0.4, respectively) and 90 days (P = 0.7 and 0.7, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Transfusion free urological surgery can be safely carried out on Jehovah's Witness patients using contemporary perioperative optimization. Additionally, these techniques can be expanded for use in the general patient population to avoid short- and long-term consequences of perioperative blood transfusion.
Lipid Parameters in Wilson’s Disease Patients on Zinc Therapy

While the relationship of zinc and copper nutriture to cardiovascular health was hypothesized by Klevay some time ago (1973), only a small amount of evidence has been available in humans to test this theory. Wilson’s disease (WD) patients abnormally handle copper as a result of a genetic defect and therefore accumulate this trace element. Brewer et al (1983) reported that copper balance in this special population could be controlled with adequate zinc therapy. Therefore, WD patients on zinc therapy present a special population in which to study Klevay’s theory.
Stochastic resonance (for beginners)

This is a primer on stochastic resonance. Particular attention is devoted to the characterization of the phenomenon, both through its spectral properties and as a synchronization mechanism. A simplified version of the relevant time-dependent perturbation theory is derived for readers’ convenience.
Does the Federal Reserve Follow a Non-Linear Taylor Rule?

The Taylor rule has become one of the most studied strategies for monetary policy. Yet, little is known whether the Federal Reserve follows a non-linear Taylor rule. This paper employs the smooth transition regression model and asks the question: does the Federal Reserve change its policy-rule according to the level of inflation and/or the output gap? I find that the Federal Reserve does follow a non-linear Taylor rule and, more importantly, that the Federal Reserve followed a non-linear Taylor rule during the golden era of monetary policy, 1985-2005, and a linear Taylor rule throughout the dark age of monetary policy, 1960-1979. Thus, good monetary policy is associated with a non-linear Taylor rule: once inflation approaches a certain threshold, the Federal Reserve adjusts its policy-rule and begins to respond more forcefully to inflation.
Infrarenal aortic clamp hypertension is exacerbated by baroreceptor blockade.

Abstract Aortic clamp-induced hypertension has long been implicated in the cardiovascular mortality and morbidity following infrarenal aortic operations. We studied the physiologic mechanisms leading to clamp-induced hypertension. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output, heart rate, and left ventricular pressure were measured in α-chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Animals received α, β, both α and β, or no adrenergic blockade (n= 3, 4, 12, and 7, respectively). The infrarenal aorta was clamped following ligation of the infrarenal collateral vessels (lumbar, circumflex iliac, and tail arteries). Statistical analysis used pairedttests within groups, and ANOVA and unpairedttests between groups, with Bonferroni's correction as indicated. Following placement of the clamp, MAP increased immediately in all groups, with the magnitude of the increase related to the extent of adrenergic blockade. MAP increased 5.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg with no blockade (P= 0.0005), 6.7 ± 0.8 mm Hg with α blockade (P= 0.0153), 15 ± 3.1 mm Hg with β blockade (P= 0.0163), and 16.7 ± 1.3 mm Hg with combined α and β blockade (P