cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro reconstitution of homologous recombination reactions

The proteins essential to homologous recombination inE. coli have been purified and their individual activities have been identified, permitting biochemical reconstitution of steps that comprise the cellular recombination process. This review focuses on the biochemical events responsible for the initiation and homologous pairing steps of genetic recombination. The properties of an in vitro recombination reaction that requires the concerted action of recA, recBCD, and SSB proteins and that is stimulated by the recombination hotspot, Chi(χ), are described. The recBCD enzyme serves as the initiator of this reaction; its DNA helicase activity produces single-stranded DNA that is used by the recA protein to promote homologous pairing and DNA strand invasion of supercoiled (recipient) DNA. The SSB protein acts to trap the single-stranded DNA produced by recBCD enzyme and to facilitate pairing by the recA protein. The χ regulatory sequence acts incis by attenuating the nuclease, but not the helicase, activity of recBCD enzyme. This attenuation assures the preservation of ssDNA produced by the DNA helicase activity and is responsible for the simulation in vitro and, presumably, in vivo. The attenuation of nuclease activity by χ results in the loss or functional inactivation of the recD subunit.
Superconducting mercury-based cuprate films with a zero-resistance transition temperature of 124 Kelvin.

The synthesis of high-quality films of the recently discovered mercury-based cuprate films with high transition temperatures has been plagued by problems such as the air sensitivity of the cuprate precursor and the volatility of Hg and HgO. These processing difficulties have been circumvented by a technique of atomic-scale mixing of the HgO and cuprate precursors, use of a protective cap layer, and annealing in an appropriate Hg and O2 environment. With this procedure, a zero-resistance transition temperature as high as 124 kelvin in c axis-oriented epitaxial HgBa2CaCu2O6+δ films has been achieved.
Slowing of age-specific mortality rates in Drosophila melanogaster

We have studied age-dependent mortality in large cohorts of male and female D. melanogaster from four inbred lines. Average longevity varies substantially between genotypes (broad-sense heritability = 22%). Contrary to the predictions of the Gompertz model, mortality rates tend to decelerate at the most advanced ages. Fitting Gompertz, Weibull, Logistic, and Two-stage Gompertz mortality models to the data, we find that the best fit is obtained with the two-stage model, with exponentially increasing mortality at early ages, and zero or nearly zero increase at older ages. There is little microenvironmental effect from cage to cage. There is a sex-dependent mortality crossover: males and females differ in initial mortality rate and degree of acceleration of mortality rate, but the ordering of the sexes according to mortality parameters depends on genotype. Model fitting can be affected by gaps between deaths in the tail of the survivorship distribution. The observations are inconsistent with the limited life-span paradigm, which predicts sudden and well-defined drops in survivorship and corresponding sharp increases in mortality at advanced ages for large cohorts of genetically identical individuals.
Acyclic social choice from finite sets

This paper characterizes acyclic preference aggregation rules under various combinations of monotonicity, neutrality, decisiveness, and anonymity, in the spirit of Nakamura's (1979) Theorem on the core of simple games. Each of these characterizations can be seen to follow from Ferejohn and Fishburn's (1979) result on acyclic aggregation rules assuming only independence of irrelevant alternatives. We then state as corollaries to these characterizations extant results such as Sen's (1970) liberal paradox, Blau and Deb's (1977) theorem on the existence of vetoers, and Brown's (1975) theorem on the non-emptiness of the collegium.
STRUCTURE OF V-MGO AND MGO-V INTERFACES

Abstract V and MgO films of various thicknesses were deposited on the (001)MgO surface of a MgO substrate by molecular beam epitaxy to prepare two different interfaces: V[sbnd]MgO and MgO[sbnd]V. Cross-sectional specimens were prepared from … V/MgO/V/MgO multilayers and the V[sbnd]MgO and MgO[sbnd]V interfaces were investigated from different directions by conventional and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). V deposited on the MgO substrate had a V[sbnd]MgO interface that changed from coherent to semicoherent above a critical film thickness much larger than the predicted value. MgO deposited on this V exhibited a coherent MgO[sbnd]V interface for small film thicknesses, but an interfacial spinel compound formed for larger thicknesses of the MgO film. A comparison of simulated and experimental HREM images of the V[sbnd]MgO interface indicates that the V atoms are located directly on top of the Mg atoms.
Diane Arbus and Humiliation

In a compact series of rhetorical questions, a litany, the author interprets Diane Arbus's photographs through the lens of the ramifying key word “humiliation.”
Somatoform Disorders and Trauma in Medically-Admitted Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Prevalence Rates and Psychosocial Characteristics

Objective The purpose of this study is to describe past traumatic experiences in medically-admitted pediatric and young adult patients diagnosed with somatoform disorders and to explore the demographic, diagnostic, and psychosocial differences between those with and without trauma histories. Methods Retrospective medical record reviews were performed for patients (aged 3–29 years) seen by the Psychiatry Consultation Service (2010–2011) at a pediatric medical hospital and diagnosed with a somatoform disorder. Clinical data collected included demographics, medical history, current physical symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses and history, trauma history, coping styles, family psychiatric and medical history, peer and family factors, psychiatric disposition after discharge, and service utilization. Results The mean age of the 180 identified patients was 15.1 years. Most patients were girls (75.0%) and White (71.7%). Somatoform diagnoses were primarily pain (51.4%) and conversion disorders (28.9%). Rates of trauma were similar to national norms (29.7%). Trauma history did not correlate with age, sex, race, income, length of hospitalization, or type of somatoform disorders. However, patients with trauma histories had significantly higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities (76.0% vs. 50.8%), past psychiatric treatment (81.1% vs. 59.1%), parent mental illness (69.8% vs. 38.6%), and family conflict (52.8% vs. 37.0%) and were more likely to require inpatient psychiatric hospitalization on discharge (18.9% vs. 6.3%). Conclusion Prevalence of trauma in a sample of medically-admitted pediatric and young adult patients with somatoform diagnoses was similar to national norms. However, patients with a history of trauma had unique psychiatric and psychosocial profiles compared to those without a history of trauma.
Optical and microscopy investigations of soot structure alterations by laser-induced incandescence

at 1064 nm, vaporization/fragmentation of soot primary particles and aggregates occurs. Optical measurements are performed using a second laser pulse to probe the effects of these changes upon the LII signal. With the exception of very low fluences, the structural changes induced in the soot lead to a decreased LII intensity produced by the second laser pulse. These two-pulse experiments also show that these changes do not alter the LII signal on timescales less than 1 μs for fluences below the vaporization threshold.
Adaptive routing in high-radix clos network

Recent increases in the pin bandwidth of integrated-circuits has motivated an increase in the degree or radix of interconnection network routers. The folded-Clos network can take advantage of these high-radix routers and this paper investigates adaptive routing in such networks. We show that adaptive routing, if done properly, outperforms oblivious routing by providing lower latency, lower latency variance, and higher throughput with limited buffering. Adaptive routing is particularly useful in load balancing around nonuniformities caused by deterministically routed traffic or the presence of faults in the network. We evaluate alternative allocation algorithms used in adaptive routing and compare their performance. The use of randomization in the allocation algorithms can simplify the implementation while sacrificing minimal performance. The cost of adaptive routing, in terms of router latency and area, is increased in high-radix routers. We show that the use of imprecise queue information reduces the implementation complexity and precomputation of the allocations minimizes the impact of adaptive routing on router latency.
Effect of stress on female-specific ornamentation

SUMMARY Signal honesty is theorized to be maintained by condition-dependent trait expression. However, the mechanisms mediating the condition dependence of sexually selected traits are often unknown. New work suggests that elevated glucocorticoid levels during physiological stress may play a role in maintaining signal honesty. Here, we experimentally examine the effect of both chronic and acute stress on the expression of the condition-dependent ornamentation of female striped plateau lizards, Sceloporus virgatus . Females were stressed either chronically via corticosterone implants or relatively acutely via autotomy, were sham manipulated or were left unmanipulated. Both stressors resulted in elevations in corticosterone within physiologically relevant levels, though the implants resulted in significantly higher levels than did autotomy. Corticosterone-implanted females were less likely to produce a clutch of eggs, but those individuals that did reproduce had reproductive output similar to that of females from other treatment groups. Compared with females in other groups, the corticosterone-implanted females tended to develop smaller ornaments that had less UV and orange-to-red wavelength reflectance relative to medium wavelength reflectance. The sex steroid hormones testosterone and estradiol were correlated to corticosterone levels, but did not appear to underlie the effect on ornament expression; of the steroids measured, only corticosterone levels were negatively related to ornament size and coloration. Thus, the condition-dependent ornamentation of female lizards is sensitive to chronic elevations in stress hormones, supporting their importance in the maintenance of signal honesty.
Associations between body weight perception and weight control behaviour in South Indian children: a cross-sectional study

Objective To examine the patterns of weight loss behaviour and the association between weight loss attempts with actual weight status and children9s and parental perceptions of weight status. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Karnataka, South India. Participants 1874 girls and boys aged 8–14 years from seven schools in Karnataka, South India. Main outcome measures The association between weight loss attempts and sociodemographic factors, weight status and the child9s or the parent9s perception of weight status. Results Approximately 73% of overweight and obese, 35% of normal weight and 22% of underweight children attempted to lose weight. Children of lower socioeconomic groups studying in schools in the local vernacular and overweight/obese children were more likely to attempt to lose weight (adjusted OR ie, AOR=1.57, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.25; AOR=4.38, 95% CI 2.64 to 7.28, respectively). Perception of weight status was associated with weight loss attempts. Thus, children who were of normal weight but perceived themselves to be overweight/obese were three times more likely to attempt weight loss compared with those who accurately perceived themselves as being of normal weight, while the odds of attempting weight loss were the highest for those who were overweight and perceived themselves to be so (AOR∼18). Conclusions Children are likely to attempt weight loss in India irrespective of their weight status, age and gender. Children who were actually overweight as well as those who were perceived by themselves or by their parents to be overweight or obese were highly likely to try to lose weight. It is necessary to understand body weight perceptions in communities with a dual burden of being overweight and undernourished, if intervention programmes for either are to be successful.
A novel approach to synthesis of threshold functions

It is noted that threshold elements consist of fewer components and simpler interconnections than the corresponding circuits implemented with conventional gates. The algebra involved in realizing threshold functions is quite different from than the techniques employed for conventional circuits. Existing techniques for synthesis of threshold functions are cumbersome when it comes to practical implementation. A systematic procedure, with examples, for realizing threshold switching functions is presented.
Teaching the technology of electronic commerce: what should students and faculty know?

This paper is an exploration of the issues in teaching and learning essential electronic commerce technology. The paper defines the technology and describes a framework, consisting of a set of core concepts and themes, required for competency as well as a set of concrete skills. Recent research and EC employment trends are cited and a model for a lab-based EC course is proposed. In addition, a curriculum model based on website development stages is described in the paper. The current electronic commerce technology market is examined to provide a basis for the selection of the product offerings of particular vendors, as candidates for inclusion in an electronic commerce program.
A metal nanoparticle-based supramolecular approach for aqueous biphasic reactions

β-cyclodextrin immobilized on Pd nanoparticles was successfully employed as an efficient phase-transfer catalyst in aqueous biphasic hydrogenation reactions.
Manipulation of Attention during Reading Using Programmed Prosea

Programmed prose, a new technique similar in some ways to the cloze technique, was investigated as a method for manipulating attention during reading. It was anticipated that programmed prose would act to increase attention in low motivation conditions, where attention would be expected to wane, and thereby facilitate learning. It was also expected that programmed prose would act as a distractor under high motivation conditions, where attention would not be expected to wane, and thereby inhibit learning. Fifty-eight college students were presented a 1720 word passage to read. Two groups received the passage in a regular prose format. One of these groups was told they would be paid on the basis of how well they did on the retention test. Two other groups received the passage in a programmed prose format. One of these two groups was also told that they would be paid on the basis of how well they did on the retention test. The programmed prose facilitated learning under the low motivation conditions and inhi...
Aristotle's Demonstrative Logic

Demonstrative logic, the study of demonstration as opposed to persuasion, is the subject of Aristotle's two-volume Analytics. Many examples are geometrical. Demonstration produces knowledge (of the truth of propositions). Persuasion merely produces opinion. Aristotle presented a general truth-and-consequence conception of demonstration meant to apply to all demonstrations. According to him, a demonstration, which normally proves a conclusion not previously known to be true, is an extended argumentation beginning with premises known to be truths and containing a chain of reasoning showing by deductively evident steps that its conclusion is a consequence of its premises. In particular, a demonstration is a deduction whose premises are known to be true. Aristotle's general theory of demonstration required a prior general theory of deduction presented in the Prior Analytics. His general immediate-deduction-chaining conception of deduction was meant to apply to all deductions. According to him, any deduction t...
Fast scene analysis using image and range data

This paper presents a scheme which takes as input a 3D point cloud and an associated color image and parses the scene into a collection of salient planar surfaces. The scheme makes use of a fast color segmentation scheme to divide the color image into coherent regions and the groupings suggested by this procedure are used to inform and accelerate a RANSAC based interpretation process. Results on real data sets are presented.
A Dynamical Theory of Structured Solids. II Special Constitutive Equations and Special Cases of the Theory

This paper is a continuation of Part I under the same title and is concerned with derivation of some special cases of the general theory of Part I applicable to elastic-plastic and elastic-viscoplastic single crystals. The main object here is to identify several existing macroscopic theories of inelastic material behaviour and to shed light on the range of their validity in relation to accepted notions of various physical scales associated with the motion of crystal lattice. Included among the results obtained a re : (i) the identification of the elastic part of the intrinsic lattice force with the so-called ‘energy-momentum tensor’ using Eshelby’s terminology; (ii) the development of special elastic-viscoplastic and elastic-plastic theories of material behaviour in which the inertia effect associated with the rate of plastic deformation is neglected but other m icrostructural effects are retained; and (iii) the reduction, within the framework of the rate-independent theory, to Prandtl-Reuss type equations in which all microstructural effects are suppressed.
Vegetative composition and community structure associated with beaver ponds in Canaan valley, West Virginia, USA

Beavers (Castor canadensis) can cause dramatic changes in vegetative composition and diversity. Although alterations by beaver have been studied extensively, little attention has been paid to the effects beaver impoundments have on rare plants. Effective conservation of riparian and wetland rare plant species must consider the responses of vegetation to changes in hydrology that can occur when beaver populations are present. The goal of this research was to establish the occurrence of locally rare plant species, examine community composition, and analyze vegetative community structure of vegetation associated with beaver ponds in Canaan Valley, West Virginia, USA. Species richness and diversity were similar between plots located inside beaver ponds and adjacent to beaver ponds (P > 0.05). Although no significant difference in rare plant species was detected among pond ages, the oldest ponds (>56 years) had twice as many rare species as the youngest ponds (≤6 years). The youngest ponds had higher overall mean species richness (S) than ponds 7–56 years old (P < 0.05), but S returned to similar levels in the oldest ponds. Of the 15 rare species observed, most were classified as obligate (9) or facultative wetland (4) species. The youngest ponds contained the fewest number of rare species. Multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) analyses of community structure detected no relation between community composition and either pond age or size. However, both MRPP and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed proximity to pond was important in herbaceous community structure. Wetlands in beaver ponds also were shown to be distinct from adjacent wetland areas. Conservation of existing beaver populations is necessary so that the entire spectrum of pond ages is available for the maintenance of rare plant species and communities.
Mercury accumulation along a contamination gradient and nondestructive indices of bioaccumulation in amphibians

Mercury (Hg) is an important environmental contaminant due to its global distribution, tendency to bioaccumulate, and toxicity in wildlife. However, Hg has received little attention in amphibians compared to other vertebrates. Amphibians vary widely in life history strategies and feeding ecologies, which could influence Hg exposure and accumulation. To determine whether species and life stage affects Hg bioaccumulation, adults from three species (Plethodon cinereus, Eurycea bislineata, and Bufo americanus) and larvae from the latter two species were collected along a contamination gradient on the South River (VA, USA). Total Hg (THg) concentrations in the contaminated site were 3.5 to 22 times higher than in the reference site. Differences were found in THg concentrations in amphibians that were consistent with their habitat requirements and feeding preferences. In general, adults (3,453 +/- 196 ng/g, dry mass) and larvae (2,479 +/- 171 ng/g) of the most river-associated species, E. bislineata, had the highest THg concentrations, followed by B. americanus tadpoles (2,132 +/- 602 ng/g), whereas adults of the more terrestrial B. americanus (598 +/- 117 ng/g) and P. cinereus (583 +/- 178 ng/g) had the lowest concentrations. In addition, nondestructive sampling techniques were developed. For the salamander species, THg concentrations in tail tissue were strongly correlated (r >or= 0.97) with the remaining carcass. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.92) also existed between blood and whole-body THg concentrations in B. americanus. These results suggest that amphibians and their terrestrial predators may be at risk of Hg exposure in this system and that nondestructive methods may be a viable sampling alternative that reduces impacts to local populations.
Reply to comment by M. M. Deal and G. Nolet on ‘Estimation of resolution and covariance for large matrix inversions’

We appreciate the comments made by Deal & Nolet (1996, hereafter referred to as DN Berryman 19941. For large linear problems, the number of iterations needed to obtain an acceptable solution is smaller than the full SVD rank of the original matrix. Nonetheless, the extremal Ritz values are often good approximations to the corresponding singular values of the original matrix (Golub & Van Loan 1989, p.479), as shown by the examples in both ZM the computed Ritz values are spaced across the range of the singular values of the original matrix with a distribution defined by zeros of Jacobi polynomials (van der Sluis & van der Vorst 1990). To explore the solution subspace more fully, additional iterations are performed beyond that at which an acceptable solution is defined. After a sufficient number of iterations, Ritz values converge to singular values but with the consequences that Lanczos and Ritz vectors are no longer orthogonal; some duplicate Ritz values and vectors are generated. The selective orthogonalization method of Parlett & Scott (1979) addresses this loss of orthogonality at the cost of increased algorithm complexity and reduced numerical efficiency. We choose to address this problem by identifying and eliminating the duplicate Ritz values and Ritz vectors (also called Ritz pairs) (Scales 1989; Parlett 1980, p. 272), and to use the remaining (nearly) orthogonal Ritz pairs to construct our LSQRA solution. It should be noted that it is not necessary to approximate an LSQRA solution to get the resolution and covariance matrices; the Lanczos decomposition is sufficient.
Content-based image retrieval on CT colonography using rotation and scale invariant features and bag-of-words model

We present a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) paradigm to enhance computed tomographic colonography computer-aided detection (CTCCAD). Our method uses scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features in conjunction with the bag-of-words model to describe and differentiate 3D images of CTCCAD detections. We evaluate the performance of our system using both digital colon phantoms and detections form CTCCAD. Our method shows promise in distinguishing common structures found within the colon.
THE PROTESTANT CLERGY AND THE WAR IN VIETNAM

This article, based on a survey of Protestant ministers in California conducted during the spring and summer of 1968, examines both the attitudes of the clergy toward the war and the positions they have publicly taken. The author concludes that the image of the clergy as one of the most militant opposition groups to the war in Vietnam derives not from any unanimous opposition within ministerial ranks, but rather from the much greater tendency of those who are opposed to the war to engage in highly visible public activities. The ministers' perceptions of the attitudes of potential reference groups, and the sanctions available to these groups, are also examined. Harold E. Quinley is a Social Science Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow
Dynamic right and left ventricular interactions in the rabbit: Simultaneous measurement of ventricular pressure-volume loops

Purpose: This study was performed to characterize the dynamic factors determining ventricular interdependence in an open-pericardium intact animal model. Materials and Methods: Simultaneous measures of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) pressures and volumes in 6 urethane-anesthetized openchested, open-pericardium rabbits. RV and LV V were calculated every 2 milliseconds. Measurements were made at initial baseline blood volume, and again after two infusions of 20 mL/kg isoconductive colloid solution. At each blood volume level, partial aortic (AO), pulmonary artery (PAO), and inferior vena caval (IVC) occlusions were performed. Biventricular diastolic compliance and end-systolic elastance were calculated from these data. Results: Baseline end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) V were 3.29 ± 0.55 and 2.43 ± 0.33 mL (x ± SD) for the LV, and 3.38 ± 1.56 and 2.84 ± 1.36 mL for the RV, respectively. AO increased all LV pressure and volume (P < .05) but did not alter RV ED volume (2.85 ± 1.20 mL) or ED pressure (3.3 ± 2.0 to 3.6 ± 2.1 mm Hg). PAO increased RV ES pressure (P < .05) but did not alter RV ED volume, ED pressure, or ES volume, although it decreased LV ED volume (2.82 ± 0.59, P < .05). AO also immediately increased end-systolic RV elastance to a value greater than that defined by IVC (7.9 ± 4.4 to 10.9 ± 6.6 mm Hg/mL, P < .05). Intravascular volume expansion though increasing baseline pressure and volume, did not alter qualitatively biventricular responses to AO, PA, or IVC. Conclusion: Ventricular interdependence has both systolic and diastolic components that have differing directional effects. In the pericardectomized rabbit, increases in RV ED volume decrease LV ED volume by decreasing LV diastolic compliance, but do not alter LV systolic function. Whereas, increases in LV ED volume decrease RV ES volume resulting in an increase in RV maximal elastance, but minimally alter RV diastolic function.
Machine learning tools formineral recognition and classification from Raman spectroscopy

Tools for mineral identification based on Raman spectroscopy fall into two groups: those that are largely based on fits to diagnostic peaks associated with specific phases, and those that use the entire spectral range for multivariate analyses. In this project, we apply machine learning techniques to improve mineral identification using the latter group. We test the effects of common spectrum preprocessing steps, such as intensity normalization, smoothing, and squashing, and found that the last is superior. Next, we demonstrate that full-spectrum matching algorithms exhibit excellent performance in classification tasks, without requiring time-intensive dimensionality reduction or model training. This class of algorithms supports both vector and trajectory input formats, exploiting all available spectral information. By combining these insights, we find that optimal mineral spectrum matching performance can be achieved using careful preprocessing and a weighted-neighbors classifier based on a vector similarity metric. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL SELECTION AS A CAUSE OF COPE'S RULE OF PHYLETIC SIZE INCREASE

Cope's rule, the tendency for species within a lineage to evolve towards larger body size, has been widely reported in the fossil record, but the mechanisms leading to such phyletic size increase remain unclear. Here we show that selection acting on individual organisms generally favors larger body size. We performed an analysis of the strength of directional selection on size compared with other quantitative traits by evaluating 854 selection estimates from 42 studies of contemporaneous natural populations. For size, more than 79% of selection estimates exceed zero, whereas for other morphological traits positive and negative values are similar in frequency. The selective advantage of increased size occurs for traits implicated in both natural selection (e.g., differences in survival) and sexual selection (e.g., differences in mating success). The predominance of positive directional selection on size within populations could translate into a macroevolutionary trend toward increased size and thereby explain Cope's rule.
Constructive recognizability for task-directed robot programming

A principled theory of sensing and action is crucial in developing task-level programming for autonomous mobile robots. A framework for such a theory is proposed, providing both a precise vocabulary and also appropriate computational machinery for working with issues of information flow in and through a robot system equipped with various types of sensors and operating in a dynamic unstructured environment. The authors focus on the problem of constructing virtual sensors out of concrete sensors. Virtual sensors may be defined in terms of existing concrete sensors. A method of task-directed construction of such virtual sensors is described. Virtual sensors are queried in robot programs much as their concrete counterparts are. In allowing the task to direct the composition of virtual sensors, robot programs which are organized in such a way as to guide the robot toward acquiring the information it needs to accomplish the task can be derived. Many information-acquisition and representational issues are made explicit. >
Investigation of Management Who of Nurse Leaders Features

Managers who are working in the university hospital in the study intended to identify the nurses’ leadership qualities and administrators have investigated whether there is a relationship between demographic characteristics of leadership. Increased levels of community health nurse is an important element of the health care management to bring about must have leadership qualities. Management serving as nurses in the health services they provide if they show leadership qualities yield and quality will be seen. This situation points to the importance of the study. The study was conducted in the university hospital in the task manager survey to all nurses. The survey consisted of two parts. It consists of 11 questions in the fist section, demographic characteristics, specifi training on management and leadership, a response was received. The second part consists of 40 questions - the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire was developed by Ohio State University researchers. Age demographics, marital status, education, assumed duties in the institution, as a nurse for several years, working time in the organization, management experience, number of employees under his management, dismissal is that when that happened the previous task, special training on management and leadership have been investigated as received. A 40-question survey occurred Leadership Description structurally lower structure 10. Domination, mobilizing structure, protection of membership, representation of the organization, integration of objectives, organization, communication top-down, bottom-up communication, recognition and production.
Metal Alkoxy-Derived Powders

The use of metal alkoxides to prepare high purity oxide powders is emphasized. Thermal and hydrolytic decomposition of metal alkoxides, M(OR)n, have been employed to obtain submicron size <50nm single and mixed oxides powders. The alkoxy technique in powder synthesis allow the mixing of residual concentration of an alloying element to be done at something approaching the molecular level. The high surface activity associated with the alkoxy-derived powders make possible relatively low temperature processing of the powder compact to near theoretical density and uniform fine grain size bodies. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray, ir, DTA and BET surface area measurement are used to show nucleation, crystallite growth and morphology as well as polymorphs of the oxide powder synthesized and microstructural features observed.
An Appraisal of the Soil Bank Program in the Wheat Summer Fallow Area of Oregon

IN VIEW of the expenditures involved in our farm programs, it would seem that economic appraisals of alternative farm program plans should receive increased attention by agricultural economists. Policydeciding groups need more quantitative information on the costs of achieving specified goals by alternative plans than is now available. An evaluation of the impact of the acreage reserve on resource adjustments in agriculture has recently been presented by Bottum.' He concluded that the 1956 and 1957 soil bank program had failed to shift sufficient acres out of cotton, tobacco, and grain crops. Payments per acre for shifting land were too low; the program was presented to producers too late in the season; too many concessions were made in the requirements; and in the Corn Belt, too low corn allotments handicapped the program. A partial evaluation of the success of the 1957 soil bank program in achieving its goals or objectives in Oregon was undertaken in order to compare the results with possible alternative plans. Increased farm income, conservation, and reduced production of surplus commodities are specified as the three main objectives of the Soil Bank Act.2 In Oregon, the signup for the acreage reserve program in the fall of 1956 was relatively small despite the fact that farmers in the wheat summer fallow area seemed to have an unusual incentive for participating in the program. About half the cultivated land in the area is normally summer-fallowed in any given crop year. Land in fallow does not ordinarily provide an important amount of grazing, nor does it produce any crop which might be harvested. Therefore, any of the land which was to be summer fallow in 1957 could be designated as acreage reserve and meet the conditions required for acreage reserve. In the wheat summer fallow area, the farmer customarily fallows about half his land each year on the average. Under the allotment program of the past few years, farmers have had to raise some alternative crop to wheat-generally barley-on about 35 per cent of their harvested acreage. Thus, there is usually more land in fallow each year than in wheat. This setup enabled the farmer who participated in the acreage reserve to raise an alternative crop on the land that would have gone into wheat.
Unusual Hymenal Perforations Appearing as Skene’s Ducts

AbstractUnusual hymenal perforations created a diagnostic problem when persistence of the urogenital sinus was suspected. However, the vagina was found to communicate with the exterior through what appeared to be Skene’s ducts.
A linear solution to the n-Queens problem using vector spaces

This paper presents an approach to solving the n-Queens Problem using vector spaces. Although the situations in which this approach can be used are limited, it shows promise for wider generalization, or as an intermediate step that yields a partial solution. This paper provides an overview of the use of finite fields for generating solutions, presents several examples, gives consideration to the limitations of the proposed methodology, and then shows how it can be combined with other methodologies to quickly produce solutions to the n-Queens Problem.
Dynamic Games With Asymmetric Information and Resource Constrained Players With Applications to Security of Cyberphysical Systems

We model attacks on a cyberphysical system as a game between two players—the attacker and the system. The players may not acquire the complete information about each other, and that leads to an asymmetric information game. Furthermore, the players may have a certain fixed amount of resources, which constrains their strategies across time. Accordingly, we consider a dynamic multiplayer nonzero sum game with asymmetric information in which controllers have total resource constraints. Under certain assumptions on the information structure of the game, we devise an algorithm that computes a subclass of Nash equilibria of the game. We also study a denial-of-service attack on a cyberphysical system, model it as two-player zero-sum games, and apply our algorithm to compute the saddle-point equilibrium strategies of the attacker and the controller.
Preparation and Mechanical Properties of BiFeO3 Ceramics

Hydrothermal method and sol-gel process were used to synthesize multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vickers diamond indenter and three-point bending method were used to investigate the effects of methods on the phase structure, microstructures and mechanical properties. Cold isostatic pressing on the ceramics with two different loads (10 MPa, 200 MPa) was used to illustrate the influence of pressure in mechanical properties. The results show that all samples are crystallized in the perovskite phase. A few small traces of impurity are observed at a 2θ of ~28 o, which are found to be those of Bi2Fe4O9. The SEM images depict that samples prepared by sol-gel process are more uniform and the grain size is slightly larger than that of hydrothermal processed samples. The investigations on the hardness and flexural strength demonstrate the ceramics prepared by hydrothermal method have better mechanical properties than that of sol-gel process, and the mechanical properties can be obviously enhanced by increasing pressure.
Labeling of Genetically Modified Food Products and Consumer Behavior

Consumers rely on food labels to obtain information about food products beyond sensory characteristics and price, such as nutritional information, ingredient lists, allergen warnings, use of organi...
Research on the defects in the field installation of insulated tubular bus-bar and its test method

Owing to Insulated Tubular Bus-bar has a significant advantage in the way of mechanical strength, current-carrying capacity, insulating performance and so on. Currently, it widely applies to electric power, petrochemical engineering etc. However, the device operation stability is low, frequent failures and bad influence, due to lacking of correlative standard and management. Most of these failures occurred as a result of field installation technique are lacking, even these faults cannot be effectively detected by normal testing measure. Because of above issues, this paper is aimed at field installation and handover test of insulated tubular bus-bar. By means of depth analysis all segments of the field installation, find out the possible faults during the installation. The test strategies aiming at the above faults were formulated. At last, experiment and analysis were done and conclusion was made in the paper. The research can make foundation for promoting the device's operation stability.
Gesture recognition based upon statistical similarity

One of the improvements virtual reality offers traditional human-computer interfaces is that it enables the user to interact with virtual objects using gestures. The use of natural hand gestures for computer input provides opportunities for direct manipulation in computing environments, but not without some challenges. The mapping of a human gesture onto a particular system function is not nearly so easy as mapping with a keyboard or mouse. Reasons for this difficulty include individual variations in the exact gesture movement, the problem of knowing when a gesture starts and ends, and variation in the relative positions of other body parts that might help to identify a gesture but are not measured. A further difficulty stems from limitations on the number of gestures that a person can reliably remember and reproduce. This paper describes work on the statistical recognition of gestures based on the sum of squares. A DataGloveTM was employed to measure finger position and “train” software to recognize the letters and numbers of the American Sign Language ASL manual alphabet. This technique for gesture recognition is more effective than methods commonly employed in VR applications in that it can distinguish dozens of gestures and is not bound by the input sequences of a particular user. The work described here is limited in that it examines only gestures that do not occur across time. Applications for speakers of ASL and for VR are discussed, and future directions for gesture recognition research are introduced. These include adding a motion tracker and potential for recognizing gestures that do occur across time.
Narrative Map Augmentation with Automated Landmark Extraction and Path Inference

Various technologies, including GPS, Wi-Fi localization, and infrared beacons, have been proposed to increase travel independence for visually impaired (VI) and blind travelers. Such systems take readings from sensors, localize those readings on a map, and instruct VI travelers where to move next. Unfortunately, sensor readings can be noisy or absent, which decreases the traveler’s situational awareness. However, localization technologies can be augmented with solutions that put the traveler’s cognition to use. One such solution is narrative maps, i.e., verbal descriptions of environments produced by O&M professionals for blind travelers. The production of narrative maps is costly, because O&M professionals must travel to designated environments and describe large numbers of routes. Complete narrative coverage may not be feasible due to the sheer size of many environments. But, the quality of produced narrative maps can be improved by automated landmark extraction and path inference. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that uses scalable natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract landmarks and their connectivity from verbal route descriptions. Extracted landmarks can be subsequently annotated with sensor readings, used to find new routes, or track the traveler’s progress on different routes.
CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITIONS OF EPITHELIAL MUCINS1

The structures and immunochemical properties of oligosaccharides isolated from pig submaxillary mucins (PSM) are described. Oligosaccharides from A+-PSM, i.e., mucin which exhibits blood group A activity, contain a terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue which is absent in A−-PSM. The enzymic transfer of 14C-GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc onto A−-PSM yields immunochemically-active A+-PSM Studies on the incorporation of 14C-GalNAc into A−-PSM and 14C-galactose into a possible precursor material of blood group substance are given as support for the hypothesis that the addition of sialic acid regulates oligosaccharide chain growth. Investigations on the alkaline borohydride cleavage of mucins and a model disaccharide, N-acetylchondrosine, are discussed.
Coding and Computational Thinking in Early Childhood: The Impact of ScratchJr in Europe.

In recent years, there has been an increased effort to introduce coding and computational thinking in early childhood education. In accordance with the international trend, programming has become an increasingly growing focus in European education. With over 9.5 million iOS downloads, ScratchJr is the most popular freely available introductory programming language for young children (ages 5-7). This paper provides an overview of ScratchJr, and the powerful ideas from computer science it is designed to teach. In addition, data analytics are presented to show trends of usage in Europe and and how it compares to the rest of the world. Data reveals that countries with robust computer science initiatives such as the UK and the Nordic countries have high usage of ScratchJr.
Venous thromboembolism leading to diagnosis of de novo malignancy in an organ transplant recipient

We report the case of a patient with remote orthotopic liver transplant who was ultimately diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma following admission for initial venous thromboembolism. Additionally, we review pertinent literature related to the risk of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients and discuss the importance of yearly skin exams in this patient population.
Graphite: A Greedy Graph-Based Technique for Regression Test Case Prioritization

To date, various test prioritization techniques have been developed, but the majority of these techniques consider a single objective that could limit the applicability of prioritization techniques by ignoring practical constraints imposed on regression testing. Multi-objective prioritization techniques try to reorder test cases so that they can optimize multiple goals that testers want to achieve. In this paper, we introduced a novel graph-based framework that maps the prioritization task to a graph traversal algorithm. To evaluate our approach, we performed an empirical study using 20 versions of four open source applications. Our results indicate that the use of the graph-based technique can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of test case prioritization technique.
Use of specific anti-Xa levels in acute kidney injury to transition patients from oral factor Xa inhibitors to i.v. heparin infusion.

Purpose This case series presents 3 patients with acute kidney injury taking apixaban or rivaroxaban and transitioning to a heparin infusion. Summary Case 1 was a 78-year-old man admitted with respiratory failure, acute decompensated heart failure, and acute kidney injury. He was taking apixaban for atrial flutter. He was transitioned to an i.v. heparin infusion and had 2 consecutive heparin antifactor-Xa levels greater than 2 units/mL. Heparin was held and resumed about 36 hours later when the apixaban anti-Xa level was less than 50 ng/mL. Case 2 was a 55-year-old man admitted with acute kidney injury, taking apixaban for a recent deep vein thrombosis. Apixaban anti-Xa levels were monitored and i.v. heparin was initiated when the level was less than 100 ng/mL, about 56 hours after the last apixaban dose. Case 3 was a 64-year-old woman admitted with sepsis and acute kidney injury taking rivaroxaban for pulmonary embolism, which occurred 2 weeks prior to admission. Rivaroxaban anti-Xa levels were monitored and i.v. heparin was initiated about 36 hours after the last dose when the level was less than 100 ng/mL. The management strategy did not lead to any thrombotic outcomes; however, 1 patient experienced bleeding. Conclusion Specific anti-Xa levels for rivaroxaban and apixaban appeared to be helpful in the transition of 3 patients to unfractionated heparin infusions in the setting of acute kidney injury. These levels provided enhanced, individualized care and likely helped avoid over and under anticoagulation.
Capsule Commentary on Silverman et al., The Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Depression, Diabetes Distress and Medication Adherence Among Low-Income Patients with Poorly Controlled Diabetes.

The most proximal predictor of the behavioral management of any chronic disease is engaging in health-promoting behaviors. In the case of diabetes control, adherence is everything. Maintaining a healthy diet, consistent blood sugar monitoring, and medication compliance are key components to improving diabetes outcomes. But what happens when individuals have multiple barriers to adherence and do not live in an environment that supports these health behaviors?
Chemical analysis of dispersed oil in the water column

Water and air samples collected from treated and untreated simulated oil spills have been analyzed for hydrocarbons. In test tanks, 6.2 m tall, the concentration of oil in the water just beneath the surface is initially 27 times greater when a dispersant is used. During a 3-day experiment, however, the amount of oil in the water column decreased significantly in both the treated and untreated cases. When a dispersant was used, the maximum concentration in the water column gradually moved toward the bottom of the tank. Results of laboratory, meso scale, and a real spill are compared.