cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trichodesmium in the western Gulf of Mexico: 15N2‐fixation and natural abundance stable isotopic evidence

Surface aggregations of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium were encountered at nearly every station along a 300-km transect in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico during July 2000. 15 N 2 -fixation rate measurements for all treatments and locations ranged from 1.3 X 10 -4 nmol N trichome -1 h -1 to 2.6 X 10 -2 nmol N trichome -1 h -1 , with a mean of 3.4 X 10 -3 ± 7.6 X 10 -4 nmol N trichome -1 h -1 (mean ± SE, n = 45). Trichodesmium C-fixation, measured by the incorporation of 13 C, ranged from 1.3 X 10 -2 nmol C trichome -1 h -1 to 4.5 X 10 -1 nmol C trichome -1 h -1 , with a mean of 1.2 X 10 -1 ± 9.3 X 10 -2 nmol C trichome -1 h -1 (mean ± SE, n = 44). Both 15 N 2 -fixation and 13 C-fixation rates attenuated with decreasing light intensity from a maximum at 50% surface intensity. Areal Trichodesmium 15 N 2 -fixation rates, based on a 10-h N 2 -fixation day, enumerated vertical trichome abundance and corrected for estimated in situ light intensity ranged from 47.2 μmol N m -2 d -1 to 118.6 μmol N m -2 d -1 , with a mean of 84.5 ± 17.7 μmol N m -2 d -1 (mean ± SE, n = 4). The light natural abundance isotopic signatures of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, particulate nitrogen, and zooplankton nitrogen within these surface populations are consistent with our limited biological rate measurements and indicate that recently fixed N is moving into the food chain to promote secondary production in these nutrient-impoverished waters. Although our sample size was relatively small, natural abundance isotope data indicate that as much as 60% of macrozooplankton C and N was derived from Trichodesmium in the oligotrophic regions of the Gulf of Mexico.
Snag longevity and decay class development in a recent jack pine clearcut in Michigan.

To better understand the factors that influence the longevity and decay class development of natural and girdled snags in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantations managed for Kirtland’s warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii Baird) breeding habitat in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, we followed the fate of 335 jack pine and oak (Quercus spp.) snags. After 2.5 years, 41% of snags snapped or uprooted, with most snapping or uprooting occurring within the first year. Jack pine snags experienced higher rates of snapping or uprooting than oak or all other snags combined, regardless of whether natural or girdled. Girdling by itself or as an interaction term had no significant effect on snapping or uprooting for either jack pine or oak, but both diameter (P 0.03) and height (P 0.01) influenced snapping and uprooting in oak. Thirty months after treatment, the percentage of snags among decay classes differed between species of snag and snag types (natural-girdled), with snag height inversely related to snag decay class development. These results suggest that snag development will occur rapidly in recently clearcut jack pine stands and that higher densities of snags may be needed to be retained or created if management goals are to emulate more natural conditions.
How Accounting Firms Can Help the Small Business Owner

This paper discusses the types of services that are offered by public accounting firms to the small business client. Some items to consider when choosing an accounting firm, or deciding which type of service would be most appropriate, are also exa1nined. The changing market for the services of public accounting firms is addressed, along with how accounting firms are actively pursuing small businesses as clients.
What We See When We Look in the Mirror: Conceptions of and Intentions for Reflection by Science Teacher Educators.

AbstractIn this naturalistic study, I examined science teacher educators’ ideas and plans for pre-service teachers’ development of reflection. Participants espoused different ideas about influences, values, and strategies, but consistently emphasized the outcome of effective decision-making by pre-service teachers. Differences were found concerning stimuli, content, processes, and other outcomes such as issues of personal growth and equity. External influences of students, subject matter, and the milieu of learning contributed to how participants framed the value of reflection and designed curriculum for its development. The study provides a meaningful framework for teacher education faculty to examine their own practice. Results suggest further inquiry into (1) reflection in the enacted curriculum, (2) reflective practice of teacher educators and how that is modeled for their pre-service teachers, and (3) changes in components and orientations from accountability influences.
Molecular definition of the morphogenetic and regulatory functions and the cis-regulatory elements of the Drosophila Abd-B homeotic gene

The Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene, a member of the Drosophila bithorax complex, is required during development to specify the identity of parasegments 10–14. Based on genetic studies, Casanova, J., Sanchez-Herrero, E. and Morata, G. (1986) Cell 47, 627–636, proposed that the Abd-B gene consists of two distinct elements that provide a morphogenetic (m) function in PS 10–13 and a regulatory (r) function in PS 14, where it represses m function. Here we present molecular confirmation of this genetic model. Using specific antibodies, we show that the 55 X 10(3) M(r) and 30 X 10(3) M(r) Abd-B proteins, predicted by cDNA analysis, are indeed present in PS 10–13 and PS 14, respectively. We also examine Abd-B mRNA and protein expression patterns in embryos mutant for either the m or r function. These data allow us to unambiguously assign m function to the 55 X 10(3) M(r) protein and r function to the 30 X 10(3) M(r) protein. Furthermore, as postulated by the model, transcription of the mRNA encoding the m protein is derepressed in PS 14 in the absence of r function. We have also studied the effect of mutations mapping in the infra-abdominal (iab) region located downstream of the Abd-B gene. Genetic studies suggest that the iab region contains cis-acting regulatory elements controlling Abd-B expression in PS 10–12. We present molecular evidence for the presence of downstream cis-regulatory elements by analyzing Abd-B mRNA and protein patterns in iab-6 and iab-7 embryos. Our analysis reveals the presence of parasegment and cell-specific regulatory elements of the Abd-B gene within each iab region. The Abd-B gene may provide a model for the understanding of similarly complex homeotic genes in higher organisms.
High-Speed Gas Chromatography Using Simultaneous Temperature Gradients in Both Time and Distance along Narrow-Bore Capillary Columns

A novel technique for high-speed gas chromatography that uses simultaneous temperature gradients in both time and distance along a narrow-bore capillary column is described. An electrical resistance gradient along the column provides a temperature gradient such that the head of the column is always at a higher temperature than the end of the column. The gradient along the column continuously refocuses eluting bands, counteracting part of the chromatographic band spreading. With a properly defined temperature gradient surface, each substance reaches a focus capacity factor that is determined by the ratio of gradients in time and distance and by carrier gas velocity. The numerical value of this focus capacity factor is independent of the substance involved, but its trajectory in time and distance along the column depends on the thermodynamics of an individual substance's interaction with the stationary phase. A high-speed gas chromatogram showing baseline separation of 13 components within 3.5 s is shown to demonstrate the potential of this technique for very fast and efficient separations.
Study on drinking water exposure factors among children and teenagers aged 6-18 years in Fuzhou

Objective To discuss the drinking water ingestion of 6-18 year old children and teenager in Fuzhou,so as to provide basic data for other studies on the drinking water exposure. Methods Two elementary schools, two junior high schools,one high school and one vocational high school of medium level schools were randomly selected by stratified cluster random sampling method in January 2014 in Cangshan district, Fuzhou. Every class was randomly selected from each of the grades in different schools,1 104 children and teenager of 6-18 years old were face to face investigated. The results were compared with the survey data of Biyang region and the recommended values of the United States. Results In Fuzhou,the intake of direct,indirect and total water of boys aged 6-18 years in the winter,summer,spring and autumn were significantly higher than those of girls(P0.001). Whether in boys or girls,the direct,indirect and total water intakes raked as summerspring and autumnwinter(P0.001). Indirect water intakes of the boys and girls were statistically higher than their direct water intake(P0.001).The direct,indirect and total water intakes of 6-18 year old boys and girls in Fuzhou were statistically higher than those of Biyang region(P0.001). The winter water intakes per kilogram of body weight were higher in the 6-11 age group compared with the 12-16 age group,and the 12-16 age group was higher compared with the 17-18 age group in Fuzhou(P0.001). The winter water intake per kilogram of body weight in the 6-11 age group,the 12-16 age group and the 12-16 age group[Mean:26.4,18.6,16.4 ml/(kg·d),median:24.0,16.0,12.0 ml/(kg·d)] were statistically higher than the recommended values of United States(P0.001). Conclusion Drinking water exposure parameters may vary with gender and seasons, and is different from that of the United States and Biyang areas as well.
The role of coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disase

With the arteriographic demonstration of coronary arterial spasm, fundamental questions have been raised concerning the role of spasm in myocardial ischemia and infarction. It is now clear that coronary arterial spasm is the cause of Prinzmetal's variant angina pectoris in patients with and without coronary atherosclerosis. In most patients with coronary heart disease, major ischemic events frequently result from increased myocardial oxygen demand or coronary thrombosis. However, recent evidence suggests that coronary arterial spasm may initiate or contribute to the development of unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden death in these patients. Thus, episodes of myocardial ischemia and infarction are induced by factors, acting singly or in combination, that augment myocardial oxygen demand or diminish myocardial oxygen supply, and the latter alteration can result from thrombotic coronary occlusion or a dynamic increase in coronary arterial tone (that is, coronary arterial spasm).
Teichmuller space of a once punctured disk: complex coordinates on the space of abelian differentials and the takhtajan-zograf metric

We construct an embedding of T( Z ), the Teichmuller space of Z —a Fuchsian group with a single parabolic generator—into the space of Nehari bounded abelian differentials on the Riemann surface M = ZbH . This "pre-Bers embeddig" is much simpler, and yet it still draws many parallels with the Bers embedding, such as the existence of a linear local right inverse. This gives rise to new complex coordinates which are compatible with the Bers coordinates. The differentials of the pre-Bers and the Bers embedding belong to a one parameter family of operators on the space of Beltrami differentials on M, which behave nicely with the Takhtajan-Zograf metric on T( Z ).
Nano-Formulated Hydroxyurea Enhances Drug Delivery in K562 Cells

The vasculopathy of sickle cell disease (SCD), characterized by a chronic hemolytic anemia, endothelial dysfunction and recurrent vaso-occlusive events, underlies most of the clinical complications. Hydroxyurea (HU), the only FDA approved medication to treat patients with SCD, acts via the induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production. Recent studies suggest that HU increases endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and reduces adhesion molecule expression as another potential mechanism for the observed reduction in vaso-occlusive events and improved survival in SCD. Despite its benefits, HU is currently under-utilized and we hypothesize that improved targeted drug delivery may increase its usage. The use of nano-emulsions, a class of stable emulsions formed by a monolayer of phospholipids and/or biodegradable material, is a mechanism by which to enhance targeted cellular delivery of therapeutics. We hypothesized that a nano-formulation of HU would enhance drug delivery to the bone marrow and this may be a direct way of impacting HbF expression in SCD. Nano-formulated HU (NHU) was developed using a phospholipid approach and this compound was found to be biologically stable for > 6 months. Chronic myelogenous leukemia bone marrow (K562) cells were treated with a NHU or HU suspension in concentrations ranging from 25µM to 250µM over a course of 4, 5 and 6 days. Cells were harvested for RNA isolation and qPCR was performed using primers for HbF and basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM, a cellular adhesion molecule on red and white blood cells. On day 5, when HbF expression in K562 cells peaks, there was a five-fold increase in HbF expression treated with lower concentrations of NHU compared to untreated cells and a two-fold increase in expression compared with HU treated cells. With increasing concentrations of NHU and HU, HbF expression became similar. This suggests that the use of NHU can provide increased HbF expression at a lower concentration with likely less toxicity. Treatment of K562 cells with NHU and HU resulted in decreased BCAM expression on day 6 of treatment. Treatment with NHU produced a four-fold decrease in BCAM expression compared to the same concentration of a HU suspension which supports the concept that NHU can impact gene expression at lower doses than unformulated HU. Nanoformulated HU produces a molecule which is highly stable, and able to achieve higher intracellular concentrations with increased efficacy in K562 cells. This suggests a potential novel therapeutic for patients with sickle cell disease. Disclosures Klings:Pfizer: Consultancy; Actelion Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.
Effective Word Reading Instruction: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?.

This article is a report of recent evidence on methods for teaching young and struggling readers to read words. Specifically, evidence comparing synthetic and analytic phonics instruction was revie...
RECOVERING 1940S HORROR CINEMA: TRACES OF A LOST DECADE Ed. Mario DeGiglio-Bellemare, Charlie Ellbé, and Kristopher Woofter. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2015. 372 pp. $100.00 hardback.

Edited by Mario DeGiglio-Belle-mare, Charlie Ellbe, and Kristopher Woofter, Recovering 1940s Horror Cinema: Traces of a Lost Decade is a collection of seventeen essays covering an impressive range ...
Leverage- and Cash-Based Tests of Risk and Reward with Improved Identification

Leverage offers not only its own directional implications for both risk and reward, but also facilitates superior tests of risk-reward theories: Leverage can change with and without corporate intervention, sometimes even discontinuously. In better-identified contexts, it is more difficult to blame omitted factors, contamination, information, or corporate responses. The evidence suggests that changes in leverage increase volatility but decrease average returns. These effects appear in the large panel of U.S. stock returns, survive progressively better empirical identification, and even hold in equity issuing and dividend payment quasi-experiments.
Nearest-Neighbor and Contact Distance Distributions for Matérn Cluster Process

In this letter, we derive the cumulative density function of the nearest neighbor and contact distance distributions of the Matern cluster process (MCP) in $\mathbb {R}^{2}$ . These results will be useful in the performance analysis of many real-world wireless networks that exhibit inter-node attraction. Using these results, we concretely demonstrate that the contact distance of the MCP stochastically dominates its nearest-neighbor distance as well as the contact distance of the homogenous Poisson point process with the same density.
Experimental study of flow structures near the merging point of two parallel plane jets using PIV and POD

Abstract The initial and interacting region near the merging point of unventilated two parallel plane jets were investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Two parallel rectangular nozzles with an aspect ratio of 15.1 (5.8 mm in width and 87.6 mm in length with 12 mm spacing) produced the jets at Re ≈ 4900 based on the jet width. This study collected statistically enough number of data with high spatiotemporal resolution. The experimental data was evaluated in terms of PIV uncertainty and statistical convergence. The POD analysis visualized the interaction and transportation of multi-scale vortical structures and their spectral characteristics. The experimental data also presented the characteristic parameters of the two parallel plane jets including the converging region and the location of the merging point. Two models to predict the merging point were proposed satisfying several experimental data reported.
Development of Functional Symptoms in Children Exposed to Traumatic Events

This chapter will review the typical symptoms occurring in children after stressful traumatic exposures. Unlike other chapters in this book, no specific organ system is the most likely focus of functional symptoms in this setting. Psychological distress may exacerbate symptoms of physical illness and injury associated with the traumatic events, may be expressed as almost any seemingly unrelated symptom, may intensify the age appropriate fears typical of any child, or may predominantly be exhibited behaviorally. In most nonsevere cases, the impact is self-limited and the individual’s functioning will be back to normal within days or weeks. We will suggest simple behavioral and environmental interventions intended to help relieve children’s distress. However, when large populations are affected and individuals suffer severe loss such as in a mass casualty disaster, the scale of events requires community-wide efforts to meet the needs of children and their families. The fact that some children are more psychosocially vulnerable than others will be discussed. The chapter will conclude by highlighting warning signs warranting professional mental health care.
Simulations of networks and elastomeric properties

Modeling calculations in the area of rubberlike elasticity are illustrated using three major topics. The first is simulation of the gelation process leading to the development of the network structure necessary for a material to exhibit reversible elastomeric properties. The goals here are to characterize the amounts and constituents of the sol phase, and the structure of the gel phase sufficient for prediction of values of its modulus suitable for comparisons with experiment. The second topic involves simulations of spatial configurations of macrocyclic molecules. The characteristics of these cyclics, specifically their “hole” sizes, can be used to predict trapping efficiencies obtained when such cyclics are present during the end-linking processes used to prepare model networks. The last topic involves generation of distribution functions to replace the Gaussian limit which is much used in elasticity theories, but which is inapplicable in the case of short chains, relatively stiff chains, or long chains stretched to near the limits of their extensibility. These simulations can be used to obtain stress-strain isotherms (for characterizing non-Gaussian behavior), stress-temperature (“thermoelastic”) relationships (for resolving the elastic force into entropic and energetic components), and the effect of an external force on helix-coil coexistence behavior.
Geometric Quantization on Manifolds

Geometric quantization is a type of quantization, which is a general term for a procedure that associates a quantum system with a given classical system. In practical terms, if one is trying to deduce what sort of quantum system should model a given physical phenomenon, one often begins by observing the classical limit of the system. Electromagnetic radiation, for example, is describable on a macroscopic scale by Maxwell’s equations. On a finer scale, quantum effects (photons) become important. How should one determine the correct quantum theory of electromagnetism? It seems that the only reasonable way to proceed is to “quantize” Maxwell’s equations—and then to compare the resulting quantum system to experiment.
PHARMACOLOGY OF VENOMS

ABSTRACT The action of a venom on an organism is dependent upon a number of variables: the route of administration, absorption, distribution, passage across a succession of membranes, accumulation at receptor site(s), metabolism, and excretion. In addition, in determining the action of a venom, such factors as autopharmacological changes, the action of venom metabolites, and the importance of different animal and tissue kinds must be considered. These various influences on the pharmacological activities of animal venoms are discussed.
GPU-based Monte Carlo simulation for the Gibbs ensemble

Scientists are interested in simulating large biomolecular systems for longer times to get more accurate results. However, longer running times mean more execution steps with large computation overhead. We present an implementation of Monte Carlo simulation for the Gibbs ensemble using Lennard-Jones atoms on GPUs. Moreover, we use massive multithreading to utilize the large number of cores that the GPU has and hide the parallel setup overhead, such as global memory access and kernel launch overhead. However, this process of porting the code to the GPU includes managing the available resources such as the number of registers, the amount of shared memory, number of threads per Streaming Multiprocessor, and global memory bandwidth used by each thread and kernel. To the best of our knowledge, no other similar work that uses the GPU on this scale has been done for Monte Carlo simulation of the Gibbs ensemble. The evaluation results show over 45 times speedup using a commodity GPU compared to running on a single processor core.
Devitrification of Nuclear Waste Glasses

Devitrification studies of waste glasses are undertaken for a variety of reasons, but mainly to determine processing conditions through which significant crystallization can be avoided. The first detailed kinetic study by Turcotte and Wald (1) demonstrated that although behavior is complex, the kinetics follow expected trends, based on simple theoretical models of simple glasses.
Real-time fine aerosol exposures in taconite mining operations

Respiratory health effects such as mesothelioma, silicosis, and lung cancer have been shown to be associated with working in the taconite mining industry. Taconite workers may also have elevated risks from cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the relationship of CVD to dust exposures at these mines has not been well-studied. Motivated by evidence from environmental epidemiological studies and occupational cohorts that have implicated the effects of fine particulates with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, we conducted an air monitoring campaign to characterize fine aerosol concentrations at 91 locations across six taconite mines using an array of direct-reading instruments to obtain measurements of mass concentrations (PM2.5 or particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, and respirable particulate matter or RPM), alveolar-deposited surface area concentrations (ADSA), particle number concentrations (PN), and particle size distributions. To analyze these data, we fit a Bayesian hierarchical model with an AR(1) correlation structure to estimate exposure while accounting for temporal correlation. The highest estimated geometric means (GMs) were observed in the pelletizing and concentrating departments (pelletizing maintenance, balling drum operator, and concentrator operator) for PM2.5 and RPM. ADSA and PN generally had highest GMs in the pelletizing department, which processed large amounts of powder-like particles into iron pellets. The within-location variability (GSD_WL) generally ranged from 1 to 3 for all exposure metrics, except for a few locations which indicated changes of activities that caused the exposures to change. Between-location variability (GSD_BL) estimates were generally higher than GSD_WL, indicating larger differences in exposure levels at different locations between mines than at individual locations over the course of several hours. Ranking between PM2.5 and RPM generally agree with each other, whereas ADSA and PN were more consistent with each other, with some overlap with PM2.5 and RPM. Differences in ranking these groups may have potential implication for occupational epidemiological studies that rely on exposure information to detect an exposure-response relationship for various job groups. Future epidemiological studies investigating fine aerosol exposures and health risks in occupational settings are encouraged to use multiple metrics to see how they influence health outcomes risk.
David Oliver: The NHS doesn’t need more “restructuring”

People are fond of saying that the NHS needs some sort of radical overhaul. On 25 June the Conservative leadership candidate Boris Johnson said that it “needs reform,” as it was “not getting the kind of support and indeed the kind of changes and management that it needs.”1 The perils of constant structural reorganisation have been described beautifully in the Nuffield Trust’s Doomed to Repeat report.2 Politicians and lobbyists never learn. Weeks before, Kate Andrews, associate director of the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), had asserted on Jeremy Vine’s BBC show that the NHS was falling behind other systems and needed structural reform. The link was tweeted by the IEA, saying that “we really, really, really need to structurally reform the NHS.”3 Andrews has made numerous broadcast appearances making the same arguments, but the IEA’s ideological opposition to the NHS model,4 its small state, pro-market view of public services, …
Reconstructing historical exposures to elongate mineral particles (EMPs) in the taconite mining industry for 1955-2010.

AbstractAs part of ongoing epidemiological studies for assessing the association between exposure to dust from taconite operations and the development of respiratory diseases, the goal of this stud...
Advanced Control Methods for Particle Accelerators (ACM4PA) 2019 Workshop Report

Los Alamos is currently developing novel particle accelerator controls and diagnostics algorithms to enable higher quality beams with lower beam losses than is currently possible. The purpose of this workshop was to consider tuning and optimization challenges of a wide range of particle accelerators including linear proton accelerators such as the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), rings such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS) synchrotron, free electron lasers (FEL) such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and LCLS-II, the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL), the Swiss FEL, and the planned MaRIE FEL, and plasma wake-field accelerators such as FACET, FACET-II, and AWAKE at CERN. One major challenge is an the ability to quickly create very high quality, extremely intense, custom current and energy profile beams while working with limited real time non-invasive diagnostics and utilizing time-varying uncertain initial beam distributions and accelerator components. Currently, a few individual accelerator labs have been developing and applying their own diagnostics tools and custom control and ML algorithms for automated machine tuning and optimization. The goal of this workshop was to bring together a group of accelerator physicists and accelerator related control and ML experts in order to define which controls and diagnostics would be most useful for existing and future accelerators and to create a plan for developing a new family of algorithms that can be shared and maintained by the community.
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND MEAN SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE: CHARACTERIZING THEIR RELATIONSHIP AND ASSOCIATION WITH ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY

Systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) has been increasingly recognized as an important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, in addition to absolute mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), but few studies have examined the relationship between SBPV and SBP. We sought to both characterize the
Managerial Protections, Capital Requirements, and Bank Lending

We introduce a model to illustrate how the effect of capital requirements on bank lending can qualitatively depend on the extent of managerial protections against shareholder actions. Protections encourage managers to pursue unprofitable projects. Protected managers can still be disciplined by debt. If debt is constrained by capital requirements, then a higher level of investment can serve as a partial substitute. Capital requirements can therefore spur increased investment for firms with managerial protections. Empirically, bank stress-testing after the 2008 financial crisis led to an increase in lending for banks with strong protections compared to banks with weak protections.
Vocal Fold Mobility Impairment After Cardiovascular Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Sequela.

Background We aimed to determine the incidence and contributing risk factors of vocal fold mobility impairment (VFMI) in postoperative cardiovascular patients and evaluate the impact of VFMI on health-related outcomes. Methods This single-site prospective study enrolled adults undergoing sternotomy or thoracotomy procedures who underwent a fiberoptic laryngoscopy examination within 72 hours of extubation. Potential demographic and surgical risk factors and health-related outcomes were collected. A blinded laryngologist assessed VFMI and mucosal injury. Descriptives, univariate and multivariable regression analyses with odds ratios (OR) were performed. Results Of 185 eligible examinations, VFMI was confirmed in 25% of patients (7 complete, 39 partial VFMI) with left-sided involvement in 83% of cases. Laryngeal mucosal injury included granuloma (38%), posterior cricoid hypertrophy (37%), edema (29%), bruising (23%), and hemorrhage (9%). Independent risk factors for complete VFMI were aortic arch procedure (odds ratio 6.1), body mass index less than 25 (OR: 7.2), and African-American or Hispanic race (OR: 6.0). Patients with two or more identified risk factors had a 33.0 increased odds of complete VFMI compared with patients not having two or more risk factors. Compared with patients having normal vocal fold motion, patients with complete VFMI had a 2.7 increased odds of pneumonia, 5.7 higher odds of reintubation, a 7.3 times higher odds of death, and increased length of hospital stay and cost of care (P Conclusions Interdisciplinary postoperative care and laryngoscopy examination are recommended for high-risk patients to facilitate early detection and improve patient outcomes.
An Examination of Downward Drift as an Explanation of the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Residence in Unhealthy Neighborhoods in Adulthood: The Role of Psychiatric Symptoms.

This study sought to determine whether downward drift explains relationships among childhood maltreatment, psychiatric disorders, and residence in unhealthy neighborhoods. Using data from a prospective cohort design study, individuals with court substantiated cases of child abuse and/neglect (ages 0-11 during the years 1967-1971) and matched controls were followed up in adulthood. Mental health symptoms and neighborhood disadvantage were measured in young (Mage = 29) and middle adulthood (Mage = 40). Physical disorder and social cohesion were also measured in middle adulthood. Childhood maltreatment increased risk for more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and illicit drug use in young adulthood and depression and anxiety in middle adulthood. Childhood maltreatment negatively impacted neighborhood residence in young and middle adulthood, increasing a person's risk of living in neighborhoods with higher levels of physical disorder and economic disadvantage, and lower levels of social cohesion. Neighborhood disadvantage in young adulthood did not increase risk for psychiatric symptoms in middle adulthood. With one exception, neighborhood disadvantage earlier in life, not psychiatric symptoms, helped explain the relationship between childhood maltreatment and living in unhealthy neighborhoods. The negative impact of childhood maltreatment was evident earlier in life and continued into middle adulthood.
The effect of state gun laws on youth suicide by firearm: 1981-2017.

BACKGROUND Many studies have found that state gun laws that regulate the purchase and possession of firearms can lead to a reduction in suicide rates. Yet, the literature has primarily focused on the effects of state gun laws on adult suicides, despite the fact that some gun laws are specifically tailored to restrict the purchase and possession of firearms by youths. AIMS In this study, we estimate the effect of two such laws-Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws and minimum age laws-on youth suicide by firearm rates. MATERIALS & METHODS Our sample consists of state-level panel data for 41 states observed over the years 1981-2017. RESULTS Based on a series of negative binomial regression analyses, we confirm previous research by finding that CAP laws are associated with a decrease in youth suicides by firearm, especially among males. However, we show that this effect is limited to states that have adopted relatively strict CAP laws. We also find that minimum age laws serve to reduce the youth suicide rate, but once again this effect is largely concentrated among males. Finally, we investigate the possibility that these effects were countered to some degree by "means substitution"-the substitution of firearms with other methods of suicide. DISCUSSION Similar to other studies that have examined this question, we find no effect of youth-targeted gun laws on nonfirearm suicide deaths. CONCLUSION Despite the noteworthy increase in youth suicide rates over the last decade, our results suggest that state laws which restrict firearm access to young people continue to represent a potentially effective strategy for suicide reduction.
Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney with Nodal Metastasis Managed with Surgical Resection

Abstract Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare renal malignancy that usually follows an indolent course. The few existing reports of metastatic MTSCC show poor response to systemic therapy. Here we describe the unusual case of a 39-yr-old male with MTSCC presenting as a large renal mass with bulky retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy managed with complete resection of disease. He has remained free of recurrence for 1 yr postoperatively. On the basis of the experience reported here, aggressive surgical resection of MTSCC with isolated nodal metastases may be considered for similar patients in the future given the historically poor response rates to systemic therapy.
HMC-TRAN: A Tensor-core Inspired Hierarchical Model Compression for Transformer-based DNNs on GPU

Although Transformer-based deep learning models have been widely used in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks as well as computer vision, they suffer from gigantic model size and long latency. Network pruning can reduce the computational cost and model size. However, existing works mainly focus on irregular(sparse) pruning, which often causes irregular computations and extra indices per remained weight. In this work, we propose a Tensor-core inspired hierarchical model compression method to push the performance limit on modern GPUs. We present two modes of the two-step process. In the first mode, we use the Tensor-core aware block-based weight pruning method to exploit model sparsity in a coarse-grained manner and then use low-rank [33] decomposition to further reduce the weight storage in a fine-grained manner.In the second mode, we first use irregular pruning to achieve a highly sparse model and then apply the Tensor-core aware weight constraint on the sparse model to decompose the sparse matrix to several smaller but Tensor-core friendly sub-matrices. Experiments on Transformer, BERTBASE models show the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Quantum efficiency of photoemission from biased metal surfaces with laser wavelengths from UV to NIR

This paper studies photoelectron emission from metal surfaces with laser wavelengths from 200 to 1200 nm (i.e., ultraviolet to near-infrared), using a recent quantum model based on the exact solution of time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The dominant electron emission mechanism varies from different multiphoton emission processes to dc or optical field emission, depending on the laser intensity, wavelength, and dc bias field. The parametric dependence of the quantum efficiency (QE) is analyzed in detail. It is found that QE can be increased nonlinearly by the non-equilibrium electron heating produced by intense sub-picosecond laser pulses. This increase of QE due to laser heating is the strongest near laser wavelengths where the cathode work function is an integer multiple of the corresponding laser photon energy. The quantum model, with laser heating effects included, reproduces previous experimental results, which further validates our quantum model and the importance of laser heating.
Antifungal Trials: Progress, Approaches, New Targets, and Perspectives in Cryptococcosis

This chapter briefly describes the history of treatment for CNS cryptococcosis and discusses novel approaches to therapy with traditional agents, the newer antifungal agents, experimental agents, and the potential role of immunotherapy. The availability of fluconazole, itraconazole, the lipid formulations of amphotericin B, and the expanded spectrum triazoles provided additional options in the antifungal armamentarium. There are several newer antifungal agents that could offer significant advantages over more traditional agents. Specifically, three new triazoles, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, demonstrate excellent in vitro activity against most strains of clinically relevant Cryptococcus species. Passive immunotherapy has been advocated as a potentially important adjunct to conventional antifungal therapy in the management of invasive mycoses. The hypothetical value of cryptococcal antigen removal from the infected host relates to its function as a virulence factor: cryptococcal antigen is known to inhibit leukocyte migration, promote cerebral edema, promote cytokine dysregulation, induce T-lymphocyte secretion of immunosuppressive molecules, and induce the shedding of L-selectin. There are good data supporting the role of adjuvant corticosteroids in the early management of bacterial meningitis, and this has become a standard approach to patients with proven or suspected disease. Tacrolimus demonstrates synergistic activity with several antifungals including bafilomycin A (an experimental agent), caspofungin, and fluconazole. In the developed world, cryptococcosis in transplantation represents a large and inadequately studied complication among transplant recipients.
l-3-Hydroxyacyl Coenyzme A Dehydrogenase from Pig Heart Muscle: I. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES

Abstract A method is described for the preparation of homogeneous 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig heart muscle in amounts sufficient for structural studies. The procedure utilizes ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. The homogeneity of the preparation obtained has been established by isoelectric focusing, sedimentation analysis, starch gel electrophoresis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Crystals of the protein have been obtained with ammonium sulfate in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. The enzyme exhibits marked substrate inhibition with acetoacetyl-CoA, and to a lesser extent with S-acetoacetyl pantetheine, when assayed in the direction of NADH oxidation. The activity with S-acetoacetyl-N-acetylcysteamine is too low to determine whether high levels of this substrate also inhibit the enzyme. The purified enzyme is a basic protein with an isoelectric point of 8.95 at 4°. It possesses a sedimentation coefficient of 3.88 S and a maximum ultraviolet absorption at 278 nm. The extinction coefficient at this wave length is E1%1 cm = 4.39. The amino acid composition of the enzyme has been determined. The most notable features are 2 residues of tryptophan and 2 residues of half-cystine per mole of protein. Both half-cystinyl residues are present in the native enzyme as cysteine as judged by titration of the protein in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride with p-chloromercuribenzoate.
Using semantics to identify web objects

Many common web tasks can be automated by algorithms that are able to identify web objects relevant to the user's needs. This paper presents a novel approach to web object identificalion that finds relationships between the user's actions and linguistic information associated with web objects. From a single training example involving demonstration and a natural language description, we create a parameterized object description. The approach performs as well as a popular web wrapper on a routine task, but it has the additional capability of performing in dynamic environments and the attractive property of being reusable in other domains without additional training.
Finding and Citing the "Unimportant" Decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals

A Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure that took effect at the end of 2006 overturned past policies in several circuits that banned or severely limited citation of unpublished or nonprecedential opinions. All U.S. Court of Appeals decisions issued after January 1, 2007, published or not, may be cited. One of the objections raised by those opposed to the rule rested on concern about access to such opinions, which constitute more than 80% of the annual total. The Judicial Conference committee that drafted and pressed for adoption of the rule pointed out that federal legislation called on the circuit courts to place all their decisions, published or not, on the Web in text-searchable format. Wrote the committee, chaired by Justice Samuel Alito (then a Third Circuit judge), [T]he E-Government Act ... makes unpublished opinions widely available at little or no cost. Despite that legislative mandate, very real challenges confront anyone seeking to take advantage of the new rule who is unable or unwilling to pay the cost of Westlaw or Lexis. The paper surveys the challenges of searching for, retrieving, and citing unpublished or nonprecedential decisions of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals without using those costly services. It also sets out a few straightforward steps the federal judiciary might take that would fulfill the promise of the E-Government Act's provisions.
Corruption and Countervailing Action in Pakistan

In this chapter I present some preliminary results on the nature of corruption and countervailing action in Pakistan, drawing on data extracted from newspapers. Once it is recognized that corruption creates losers as well as winners, some dramatic implications for the theory of corruption emerge. This leads to an analysis of the countervailing action taken by losers to offset their losses from corruption. Countervailing action may take several forms. Direct action is perhaps the most effective, as it operates by reducing the net gain from corruption. An examination of the instruments of direct action (including various forms of protest, legal action, political action, and propagating reports on corruption) shows that it often generates press reports on corruption, especially where the press is relatively free; both the losers and other agents will put pressure on the newspapers to provide coverage of both the corruption and direct action. Because pressure emanates from many different sources, it is expected that the coverage of corruption and the direct action will be comprehensive. The analysis of data extracted from three newspapers in Pakistan, covering the period January–February 1994, supports this thesis. Before presenting any empirical results however we analyse the concept of countervailing action, and examine the relative merits of the different sources of data on corruption and countervailing action.
Graph Cut Approaches for Materials Segmentation Preserving Shape, Appearance, and Topology

Segmenting material images into underlying objects is an important but challenging problem given object complexity and image noise. Consistency of shape, appearance, and topology among the underlying objects are critical properties of materials images and can be considered as criteria to improve segmentation. For example, some materials may have objects with a specific shape or appearance in each serial section slice, which only changes minimally from slice to slice; and some materials may exhibit specific interobject topology which constrains their neighboring relations. In this paper, we develop new graph-cut based approaches for materials science image segmentation. Specifically, these approaches segment image volumes by repeatedly propagating a 2D segmentation from one slice to another. We introduce different terms into the graph-cut cost function to enforce desirable shape, appearance, and topology consistency. We justify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches by using them to segment sequences of serial-section images of different materials.
Sural mononeuropathy: A report of 36 cases

Introduction: Isolated sural mononeuropathy is rare and frequently constitutes a diagnostic challenge. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective study of sural neuropathy at a single electrodiagnostic center. Results: Our study included 36 patients with sural neuropathy, the largest sample so far reported. Non-surgical, non-traumatic etiologies account for 50% of the cases, including 7 patients with inflammatory or vasculitic conditions. Routine sural conduction study was positive in 34 of 36 patients, whereas a distal recording method was used to verify the diagnosis of sural mononeuropathy in 2 patients. Most (58%) patients did not require specific treatment, but persistent sensory symptoms were seen in a minority of cases. Sural nerve biopsy in 1 patient helped diagnostic and treatment planning. Conclusions: Sural mononeuropathy has distinct etiologic, clinical, and electrophysiological features. Recognition can be beneficial in treating patients with sensory symptoms involving the distal lower extremity. Muscle Nerve 49:443–445, 2014
Silicon technology advances and implications on test

Despite dire predictions about the future of technology scaling, business requirements continue to drive the scaling of transistors and interconnects. Within the next five years we will see microprocessors with billion plus transistors running near 10 GHz. This is being made possible by the advances in Si manufacturing processes and materials, and aggressive design techniques. The increasing interconnect length combined with the number of process steps to manufacture the chips point to a need for more targeted approach for testing interconnect defects, because, often, they are not caught with simple stuck-at fault tests. Another phenomenon that is clouding the landscape is the challenge in centering a design with regard to process variation. Design centering issues are mainly addressed by numerous modeling and analysis approximations, often leaving circuit marginality gaps that are resulting in an increasing incidence of a new class of speed failures. Aggressive quality and time to market requirements for the new products will require new test techniques to catch these new sources of failures/defects and perform speedbinning on these chips.
Toward Decolonizing Gender

Article concernant l'hypothese selon laquelle les representations feminines du paleolithique superieur en particulier celles du gravettien seraient des auto representations de femmes enceintes. L'A compare les vues faciales, laterales et dorsales des femmes enceintes et des statuettes en particulier la Venus de Willendorf