cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synaptic actions of identified peptidergic neuron R15 in Aplysia. III. Activation of the large hermaphroditic duct

The purpose of the study described in this and the preceding two companion papers was to determine the synaptic actions of neuron R15, an endogenously bursting neurosecretory cell in Aplysia, as a step toward determining its physiological function. The results described in this paper demonstrate that activity in R15 activates anterograde peristaltic movements in the segment of the large hermaphroditic duct through which eggs move during egg-laying behavior. This action is mimicked by R15 alpha 1 peptide, a putative transmitter of R15. The neuroendocrine bag cells, which initiate egg laying when they fire in a population burst, have been shown by others to excite R15. Our data suggest that R15 mediates excitatory effects of the bag cells on the large hermaphroditic duct. Taken with the results of the two companion papers, these data support the hypothesis that R15 integrates various aspects of egg-laying behavior. The desensitization of R15's postsynaptic actions may complement the long-lasting refractoriness of the bag cells described by others, with both effects contributing to the episodic nature of egg laying.
Energy balance and body composition during US Army special forces training.

Small Unit Tactics (SUT) is a 64-day phase of the Special Forces Qualification Course designed to simulate real-world combat operations. Assessing the metabolic and physiological responses of such intense training allows greater insights into nutritional requirements of soldiers during combat. The purpose of this study was to examine energy balance around specific training events, as well as changes in body mass and composition. Data were collected from 4 groups of soldiers (n = 36) across 10-day periods. Participants were 28 ± 5 years old, 177 ± 6 cm tall, and weighed 83 ± 7 kg. Doubly labeled water (D218O) was used to assess energy expenditure. Energy intake was calculated by subtracting energy in uneaten foods from known energy in distributed foods in individually packaged combat rations or in the dining facility. Body composition was estimated from skinfold thickness measurements on days 0 and 64 of the course. Simulated urban combat elicited that largest energy deficit (11.3 ± 2.3 MJ·day−1 (2700 ± 55...
Granny Dumping: The Hospital's Duty of Care to Patients Who Have Nowhere to Go

Hospital personnel have coined the term "granny dumping" to describe the newly recognized phenomenon of abandoning the elderly in hospital emergency rooms by frustrated families who, for various reasons, can no longer continue to provide care.1 Having come into common use in late 199 1,2 the term "granny dumping" is currently being tracked by the editors of The American Heritage Dictionary as a word that may eventually make its way into the dictionary.3 Both the phenomenon and the term seem to be spreading and gaining recognition by the press and the public. One typical-yet-poignant reported case of granny dumping is that of a woman found sitting in a wheelchair in the Tampa General Hospital Emergency Department.4 A note pinned to her said, "She's sick. Please take care of her."5 Dr. Toni Mitchell, director of the adult emergency department at Tampa General calls cases such as this one "the positive tail-light sign. They roll them in the door and all I see is the tail-lights vanishing in the distance."6 Dr. Jack Allison, president of the American College of Emergency Physicians and chief of services of the Pitt County Memorial Hospital Emergency Department in Greenville, North Carolina, has also dealt with granny dumping. Referring to it as the "packed-suitcase-syndrome," he explains that family members "show up with all of granny's belongings in one or two suitcases and they say, 'Put her in the hospital and take care of her.'"7 In rural Newcastle, Wyoming, a family brought their aged mother in a wheelchair to the office of Weston County Memorial Hospital and simply left her there.8 The family refused to pick her up, and they refused to cooperate with social service agencies to investigate options for financial support. The hospital, unable to place the woman in another facility, cared for her until her
Inhibition of glucose transport into brain by phlorizin, phloretin and glucose analogues

Abstract An indicator dilution technique with 22 Na + as the intravascular marker was used to measure unidirectional transport of d -[6- 3 H]glucose from blood into the isolated, perfused dog brain. 18 compounds which are structurally related to glucose were tested for their ability to inhibit glucose transport. The data suggest that no single hydroxyl group is absolutely required for glucose transport, but rather that glucose binding to the carrier probably occurs through hydrogen bonding at several sites (hydroxyls on carbons 1, 3, 4 and 6). In addition, α- d -glucose has higher affinity for the carrier than does β- d -glucose. A separate series of experiments demonstrated that phlorizin and phloretin are competitive inhibitors of glucose transport into brain; however, phloretin is partially competitive and inhibits at lower concentrations than does phlorizin. Inhibition by phlorizin and phloretin is mutually competitive, indicating that these compounds compete for binding to the glucose carrier. Comparison with the results reported in the literature for similar studies using the human erythrocyte demonstrates a fundamental similarity between glucose transport systems in the blood-brain barrier and erythrocyte.
Proteome of Methanosarcina acetivorans Part II: comparison of protein levels in acetate- and methanol-grown cells.

Methanosarcina acetivorans is an archaeon isolated from marine sediments which utilizes a diversity of substrates for growth and methanogenesis. Part I of a two-part investigation has profiled proteins of this microorganism cultured with both methanol and acetate as growth substrates, utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. In this report, Part II, the analyses were extended to identify 34 proteins found to be present in different amounts between methanol- and acetate-grown M. acetivorans. Among these proteins are enzymes which function in pathways for methanogenesis from either acetate or methanol. Several of the 34 proteins were determined to have redundant functions based on annotations of the genomic sequence. Enzymes which function in ATP synthesis and steps common to both methanogenic pathways were elevated in acetate- versus methanol-grown cells, whereas enzymes that have a more general function in protein synthesis were in greater amounts in methanol- com...
Antigenemia, RNAemia, and innate immunity in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea.

Antigenemia is commonly detected in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea, but the prevalence of viremia has not been clearly defined. We examined antigenemia in plasma and RNAemia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with acute diarrhea by EIA, RT-PCR, and Southern hybridization, using primers and a probe specific to rotavirus NSP4 gene. We detected the presence of rotavirus antigen in 33.3% and almost full-length NSP4 gene in 70.8% of the acute-phase plasma and PBMC, respectively. In contrast, antigenemia and RNAemia were detected in 0% and 4.2% of the convalescent-phase plasma and PBMC, respectively, which were similar to antigenemia (0%) and RNAemia (7.7%) in healthy controls. We demonstrated an increase in the proportions of activated myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and activated plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in acute-phase PBMC of patients when compared to those in convalescent phase of patients and in PBMC of healthy controls. The activation of mDC peaked on days 2–4 after illness onset, and the activation of acute-phase pDC appeared to correlate with levels of antigenemia. High prevalence of NSP4 gene in acute-phase PBMC indicates possible rotavirus replication in white blood cells, and extraintestinal spread and the activation of DC may have implications for the prevention of rotavirus disease in children.
Physical Training and the Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity

The effects of nine weeks of physical training on certain ventilatory variables and the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were studied in ten university distance runners. A nonexercising control group of five medical students was also investigated. Daily calisthenics and long-distance running as well as frequent participation in competitive meets had no measurable effect on minute volume of ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide elimination or diffusing capacity. The lack of training effect of diffusing capacity measured at a single submaximal work load confirms the results of other recent longitudinal studies. Brief review is made of previous investigations into the relationship of diffusing capacity, participation in athletics and physical training. It is pointed out that diffusing capacity is closely correlated with dimensional and functional factors of the oxygen transport system, and that training augmentation of these parameters serves primarily to extend an athlete's maximal work and endurance capabilities. The suggestion is therefore made that training effects on pulmonary diffusing capacity should be studied during maximal work loading.
Symbolic documentation: toward fashion-related sustainable design

In this paper, I present ongoing research on fashion-related sustainable interaction design. This work focuses on exploring and identifying the role of fashion in people's acquisition of objects, especially digital and electronic devices, and how fashion and sustainability could and might interplay in the IT industry. In what follows, I first describe the background and related research apropos of sustainability and fashion within HCI literature. Then, I present the early findings from an ongoing empirical study, which involves a method of symbolic documentation and collection of digital objects. I conclude by articulating several design implications that can serve as a catalyst to embed the notion of fashion in sustainable interaction design.
Newton spaces of analytic functions

If p is a positive Bore1 measure on the closed disk D and: (S2’) For each polynomial p and each w in D, 1 p(w)]” < E(w) s / p i2 dp for some function E(w) bounded on compact subsets of D, then Ha(p), the closure in LB(p) of the polynomials, is a space of analytic functions in D which satisfies (Sl), (S2), (S3), and the operator M,:F(z) + J an interesting problem is to determine when (52) or (S2’) hold.
Bench repair of donor mitral valve before heart transplantation

Bench repair of the donor mitral valve was performed before orthotopic heart transplantation in a 57-year-old status I recepient. Mitral regurgitation in the structurally normal mitral valve was due to annular dilatation at the attachment of the posterior leaflet and was corrected with posterior annuloplasty. The patient is clinically well 18 months after transplantation.
Microbioreactor designed for integration with piezoelectric transducers for cellular diagnostics

This article reports a perfusion-based microbioreactor that can be integrated with a thin-film piezoelectric transducer array for rapid disease diagnosis, such as identifications of cancer cells and infection induced cell abnormality. By using the gap between suspended transducers as the high-aspect ratio barriers to establish high flow resistance into the culture chamber, we have verified that diffusion dominated the main transport mechanisms in the culture chamber. The fluid flow was successfully suppressed under 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 μl/min volume flow rates, and a very low shear flow region was achieved on the transducer surfaces. This design offers minimal influences of mechanical forces on cellular detection and cells cultured on the surface of transducers. Finite element simulation showed that the shear stress on transducer surface could be maintained lower than milli-Pascal range. Detailed design, simulation results and experimental verifications of the microbioreactor are discussed.
Librarians as Authors in Higher Education and Teaching and Learning Journals in the Twenty-First Century: An Exploratory Study

Abstract The future of academic libraries largely depends on our ability to be innovative, anticipate our users' needs, adapt to a changing landscape, and prove our value through evidence. However, if our higher education colleagues do not perceive the profession as being relevant, our ability to innovate, anticipate, and adapt will be moot. This study investigates the visibility of librarians as authors in scholarly higher education (HE) and teaching and learning (TL) journals between 2000 and 2012. Findings include that 1.38% of articles published in these journals were written by a librarian author or authors, most of who are employed at research institutions. Information literacy was the most common topic, and theoretical articles were the most popular article type.
Interface structure in a Fe¿Ni friction stir welded joint

Abstract Friction stir welding of commercially pure iron and nickel was carried out using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool. The macroscopic flow of the two phases generally corresponded to that predicted by the mixing models proposed in the literature. The interface region, however, revealed striations of the phases suggesting a complex flow pattern. Transmission electron microscopy and high resolution Auger analyses revealed that the width of the inter-diffusion zone was about 1.5 μm in single pass and 1.8 μm in double pass joints. The measured concentration profiles could be fitted using calculated profiles generated with static diffusion rates reported for iron and nickel. The diffusion profiles also indicated stabilization of the austenite phase at the interface, which it is proposed are the result of high levels of plastic strain.
A microfluidic-based platform for in vitro studies of cell signaling in blood vessels

A microfluidic-based platform is developed for in vitro investigation of signaling within the blood-stream leading to preferential homing of specific cells such as white blood cells (WBCs) selectively to injured host organs. A microchannel has been coated with a monolayer of endothelial cells to mimic the microenvironment in blood vessels, while stable chemokine gradients have been generated locally at selected locations along the microchannel sidewalls. We demonstrate that both the chemokine gradients and the endothelial cells are simultaneously maintained during steady flow of cells as in the blood stream.
Age, degree of mental retardation, institutionalization, and socioeconomic status as determinants in the oral hygiene status of mentally retarded individuals

Oral hygiene has been implicated as a casual factor in the development of dental caries and periodontal disease in mentally retarded individuals. Little attention, however, has been given to the determinants of oral hygiene status. The present paper assesses the oral hygiene status of institutionalized (I) and noninstitutionalized (NI) mentally retarded (MR) individuals aged 4 through 25, in relation to age, degree of mental retardation, and socioeconomic status. Institutional status was found to be a major determinant in oral hygiene conditions of the study group, as IMR individuals had significantly higher OHI scores than NIMR individuals. Associations of age and OHI were significant only for NIMR. Although differences between I and NI groups, with respect to degree of mental retardation, were seen for mildly, moderately, and severely retarded, no significant difference in OHI scores between I and NI profoundly retarded was seen. Socioeconomic status was not found to be a significant factor in the oral hygiene status of MR individuals. This study emphasizes the need to assess age, degree of mental retardation, and institutional status when implicating oral hygiene in caries and periodontal disease prevalence in MR individuals.
A little toy jet

Abstract I build and discuss a model of the energy flow in a high transverse energy hadronic jet. The model makes robust predictions for the four-momentum contained within a small circle in η and φ about the jet axis.
Electrically conducting powder filled polyimidesiloxane

Abstract Electrically conducting powders (nickel, silver and graphite) were used as fillers in polyimidesiloxane to form polymer-matrix composites with low electrical resistivity and low thermal expansion. Nickel particles of size 1–5 μm provided composites of electrical resistivity almost as low as that provided by silver particles. Furthermore, nickel-filled composites had superior electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, lower thermal expansion and superior mechanical properties, which were attained at 40 weight % Ni. Nickel particles of size 78–127 μm were far less effective than those of size 1–5 μm. These composites may be used in electronic packaging.
Do Iran’s Buy-Back Service Contracts Lead to Optimal Production? The Case of Soroosh and Nowrooz

Abstract We model the dynamically optimal oil production on Iran’s offshore Soroosh and Nowrooz fields, which have been developed by Shell Exploration through a buy-back service contract. In particular, we examine the National Iranian Oil Company’s (NIOC) actual and contractual oil production behavior and compare it to the production profile that would have been optimal under the conditions of the contract. We find that the contract’s production profile is different from optimal production profile for most discount rates, and that the NIOC’s actual behavior is inefficient—its production rates have not maximized profits. Because the NIOC’s objective is purported to be maximizing cumulative production instead of the present discounted value of the entire stream of profits, we also compare the NIOC’s behavior to the production profile that would maximize cumulative production. We find that even though what the contract dictates comes close to maximizing cumulative production, the NIOC has not been achieving its own objective of maximizing cumulative production.
BUOYANCY EFFECTS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN BOUNDARY LAYER ON A CONTINUOUS, MOVING HORIZONTAL PLATE

The combined effects of buoyancy forces from thermal and mass diffusion in laminar boundary layer adjacent to a continuous, horizontal flat plate moving through an otherwise quiescent fluid are studied analytically by the local nonsimilarity method of solution. In the analysis, the diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion effects as well as the interfacial velocities due to mass diffusion are neglected. Numerical results are presented for a Prandtl number of 0.7, with Schmidt numbers of 0.6 and 2.0, for thermal buoyancy parameter Grx/Rex s/2 ranging from 0 to 1.0 and relative buoyancy parameter N = Grx,c/Grx from —0.5 to 2.0. In general, it has been found that the wall shear stress and the surface heat and mass transfer rates increase with increasing thermal buoyancy force. These quantities are further increased when the buoyancy force from mass diffusion assists the thermal buoyancy force, but are decreased when it opposes the thermal buoyancy force. While a Schmidt number of 0.6 is found to yield higher wa...
High gain, diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 slab amplifier

Abstract Single-pass, small signal gains of up to 400 in 1 cm have been measured for the amplification of a Nd:YAG probe beam in a simple, diode side-pumped Nd:YVO4 slab amplifier using a single, grazing-incidence reflection. The useful small signal gain has been found to be limited by amplified spontaneous emission.
The structure of 36Ar and 38Ar via the (3He, d) reaction on 35Cl and 37Cl

Abstract The level structures of 36Ar and 38Ar have been investigated with the 35,37Cl(3He, d) 36,38Ar reactions at a bombarding energy of 12 MeV. Deuteron angular distributions were measured for 31 levels in 36Ar up to 8.5 MeV excitation and 29 levels in 38Ar up to 6.9 MeV excitation. The lp values and transition strengths were determined from a distorted wave Born analysis of the angular distributions. The results for the positive parity states of 36Ar and 38Ar are in reasonable agreement with a shell-model calculation which considers only Id 3 2 and 2 s 1 2 nucleons outside a closed 28Si core. The major components of the ( f 7 2 d 3 2 5 ) T = 1 configuration in 38Ar for Jπ = (3, 4, 5)− and of the ( f 7 2 d 3 2 3 ) T = 0 configuration in 36Ar for Jπ = (3, 5)− were identified. For the f 7 2 transitions in 38Ar, and to a lesser extent in 36Ar, the observed severe fragmentation of strength shows that a model involving core polarization rather than a simple weak coupling model is applicable in describing the structure of these nuclei. All the p 3 2 . transition strength to T P 3 2 −f 7 2 single-particle energy splitting is significantly smaller in 36Ar than in 38Ar. The angular distributions of all known 3− states are consistent with mixed l = 1+3 transitions, showing that configuration admixtures between the ( p 3 2 d n 3 2 ) and ( f 7 2 d n 3 2 ) configurations are important.
Existence, Regularity, and Asymptotic Behavior of the Solutions to the Ginzburg-Landau Equations on R3

This paper studies the solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau equations on ℝ3 in the presence of an arbitrarily distributed external magnetic field. The existence and regularity of the solutions at the lowest energy level are established. The solutions found are in the Coulomb gauge. If the external field is sufficiently regular, the solutions are shown to have nice asymptotic decay properties at infinity.
Teeth with short, thin, dilacerated roots in patients with short stature: A dominantly inherited trait

Abstract This article describes a three-generation kindred in which patients whose teeth have short, thin, dilacerated roots are significantly shorter in stature than their relatives with normal dentitions.
Is State-Centered Inculcation of Virtue Utopian in Nature? Thoughts on George Klosko's Jacobins and Utopians

Staking out new territory in utopian thought and analysis, George Klosko’s Jacobins and Utopians examines neither utopian theory nor the actual practice of political reform but what might rather be termed the “theory of practice.” Despite this innovation, the book remains underdeveloped, relying on some weak arguments and unexamined assumptions to support its central claim: that persuasion models of political reform are ineffective and that only state-centered inculcation of virtue in the citizenry—which Klosko labels “educational realism”—is sufficient for radical change. By failing to consider the performative and the possibility that theory might be a form of practice, Klosko misrepresents the effectiveness of persuasion models in order to champion his preferred alternative. Nevertheless, the book offers much that is of value beyond its initial distinction: there are fascinating accounts of major, and not-so-major, figures in the Jacobin and utopian traditions.
The dynamical influence of radiation in type 1 X-ray bursts

Consideration is given to the dynamical effects upon an accretion disk of incident radiation generated by thermonuclear burning on the surface of a nonrotating, nonmagnetic neutron star - as exemplified in type 1 X-ray burst sources. Under these conditions, it is found that the torque applied by the radiation field leads to enhanced mass transfer, and the associated accretion power contributes substantially to the total luminosity of the burst. However, this accretion will provide a smaller fraction of the total burst energy if the neutron star possesses a magnetosphere or is in rapid rotation.
Pose-robust recognition of low-resolution face images

Face images captured by surveillance cameras usually have poor resolution in addition to uncontrolled poses and illumination conditions which adversely affect performance of face matching algorithms. In this paper, we develop a novel approach for matching surveillance quality facial images to high resolution images in frontal pose which are often available during enrollment. The proposed approach uses Multidimensional Scaling to simultaneously transform the features from the poor quality probe images and the high quality gallery images in such a manner that the distances between them approximate the distances had the probe images been captured in the same conditions as the gallery images. Thorough evaluation on the Multi-PIE dataset and comparisons with state-of-the-art super-resolution and classifier based approaches are performed to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. Experiments on real surveillance images further signify the applicability of the framework.
AAE and Variation in Teachers' Attitudes: A Question of School Philosophy?

Abstract Linguists and other social scientists have identified school curriculum, teacher education, language policy and testing as pedagogical domains in which to address issues and develop tools that foster greater academic achievement of African American English-speaking students, and nonstandard English speakers more generally. This article focuses on the intersection between teachers’ attitudes toward African American English and language policy, or lack thereof, at the secondary school level. The analyses are based on questionnaires completed by teachers from several public schools located in the New York metropolitan area. This study includes teachers with large populations of students for whom English is a second language or whose primary language is a dialect of English other than that spoken by the mainstream. Thus, we inquire to what extent teachers are sensitized to the educational needs of these students. The results point to the importance of school policy in affecting teachers’ sensitivity towards AAE.
Economies of Scale in Local Government: General Government Spending

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether larger or smaller municipalities are more efficient in their levels of overhead costs. The operative measure is per capita annual costs for these services. In addition, the issue of market structure as a factor in these costs is also to be studied. It is not for the purpose of considering costs for specific services but rather the general overhead items that are required of all local governments. The method of study will be to use the cities and towns of New York State over a number of years. This will ensure that the study group is relatively homogeneous over applicable state laws as well as giving a wide variation in the population levels studied. The per capita expenditures will be regressed against population and market power variables using several equation forms. The results will be tested for significance in scale effects and market power effects. Optimal population sizes will be calculated where possible. The outline of the paper is as follows: 1) Introduction, 2) Background issues, 3) The study design, 4) Data, 5) Results, and 6) Conclusions.
Orofacial dyskinesia: Effective prosthetic therapy

Abstract A movement disorder, orofacial dyskinesia, is characterized by severe, involuntary, dystonic movements of the facial, oral, and cervical musculature. This condition has been associated with extrapyramidal disorders, including reactions to phenothiazine andl-Dopa therapy. However, certain edentulous dental patients also were observed to have involuntary dystonic movements similar to, but less severe than, those of OFD. The symptoms of these dental patients responded favorably to prosthetic dental therapy. This suggested that similar dental therapy might be effective in the control of symptoms of OFD. Eight patients with confirmed diagnoses of orofacial dyskinesia wore dentures which had incorrect occlusions. Modifications to correct the denture occlusions effected dramatic symptom reduction in all patients. Disruption of dental proprioception may be an important factor in the genesis of OFD.
The role of drug metabolizing enzymes in clearance

Introduction: Metabolism is one of the most important clearance pathways representing the major clearance route of 75% drugs. The four most common drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) that contribute significantly to elimination pathways of new chemical entities are cytochrome P450s, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, aldehyde oxidase and sulfotransferases. Accurate prediction of human in vivo clearance by these enzymes, using both in vitro and in vivo tools, is critical for the success of drug candidates in human translation. Areas covered: Important recent advances of key DME are reviewed and highlighted in the following areas: major isoforms, tissue distribution, generic polymorphism, substrate specificity, species differences, mechanism of catalysis, in vitro–in vivo extrapolation and the importance of using optimal assay conditions and relevant animal models. Expert opinion: Understanding the clearance mechanism of a compound is the first step toward successful prediction of human clearance. It is critical to ...
Effect of topical povidone-iodine versus topical ofloxacin on experimental Staphylococcus keratitis.

Purpose: To compare the antibacterial effect of povidone-iodine (PI) with that of ofloxacin in an experimental model of bacterial keratitis.Methods: Staphyloccocal keratitis was induced in 21 eyes of Dutch Belted rabbits by intrastromal inoculation of approximately 280 organisms of Staphylococcus aureus. Six hours later, the animals were divided in four groups treated topically with saline 0.9%, Betadine 10%, Betadine 0.5% or Ofloxacin 0.3% (2 gtt every 30 min for 8 h). The central 8-mm cornea was excised, washed and homogenized. Colony counts were performed on serial 10-fold dilutions plated on blood and brain infusion agar and incubated overnight.Results: Colony-forming units per cornea were 7.4×107 for the saline group compared to 8.2×107 for PI 10% (P>0.5), 4.3×107 for PI 0.5% (P<0.01) and no organisms for ofloxacin 0.3%.Conclusions: Betadine 0.5% demonstrates a statistically significant bactericidal effect compared with untreated staphyloccocal keratitis in our experimental model. Ofloxacin has superior antibacterial effect under the conditions studied. Further improvements in the povidone-iodine formulation are warranted prior to consideration for human keratitis.
Measuring Women-Friendly Policy in the American States

Scholars and advocates frequently rank the American states in terms of the favorability of their policy positions on a range of issues, including “women-friendliness.” We examine if this is an identifiable dimension among 32 policies selected by women's interest organizations as important “women-friendly” planks and adopted by 50 states. We identify 8 policies that cohere empirically in the adoption pattern of states. Our list suggests that if women-friendly policy has a coherent theoretical meaning, its focus is on women's self-determination, and not on family and children, or even equity in the workplace.
Diagnostic utility of CD10 in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the liver

The differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic carcinoma, especially in moderate-poorly differentiated (MPD) HCC and poorly differentiated carcinoma, can be challenging in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the liver. Recent studies demonstrate that canalicular staining for CD10 appears to be a highly specific marker for hepatocytic differentiation. The objective of this study was to test the utility of CD10 in differentiating HCC from metastatic carcinoma in FNAB of the liver. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks of 55 cases (22 HCC, 23 metastases, and 10 benign hepatic lesions) of FNAB of the liver were immunostained using monoclonal antibody against CD10, with microwave oven antigen retrieval, followed by a standard ABC method. Nineteen (86%) of 22 HCC cases were positive for CD10 with a canalicular staining pattern. Among them, 9 (82%) of 11 well-differentiated (WD) HCC and 10 (91%) of 11 MPD HCC were positive for CD10. Three (13%) of 23 metastatic carcinomas were positive for CD10, demonstrating a contrasting cytoplasmic and membranous staining pattern. The three positive cases were metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), choriocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma of the lung. All 10 cases of benign hepatic lesions showed positivity for CD10 with a canalicular and focal membranous staining pattern. In conclusion, CD10 appears to be a useful marker in discriminating between HCC and metastatic carcinoma when applied to FNAB of the liver. CD10 does not provide discrimination between WD HCC and benign hepatocytes.
An ℓp and ℓ∞ version of Tacon's theorem

In this note we present two generalizations to a Theorem of Tacon on sequences of operators.
SU‐E‐T‐332: TomoTherapy Patient Treatment Delivery QA Utilizing Phantom‐Less Exit‐Detector Patient Delivery Coupled with Monte Carlo Dose Calculations: Validation

Purpose: To describe and validate a pre-treatment end-to-end patient dose verification system for TomoTherapy capable of detecting plan transfer, dose calculation, and plan delivery errors and evaluating the dosimetric impact of those errors. Methods: The MCLogQA method for TomoTherapy utilizes a pre-treatment Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation, post-delivery log file examination and exit-detector based MLC sinogram comparison to confirm intended machine performance. The delivered leaf sinogram is then used with MC for dose reconstruction to evaluate the dosimetric impact of any delivery discrepancies by examining target and OAR DVH metrics. A traditional phantom/ion chamber-based QA plan was created and delivered for ten randomly selected patients to evaluate the accuracy of the MCLogQA algorithms. The ion chamber dose measurements were compared with MC dose calculated using the log file and exit detector data collected during the delivery. Delivered linac output and MLC opening deviations found using the MCLogQA method are reported for 10 patients. Results: The MCLogQA reconstructed dose agreed with ion chamber measurements within 1%, while the planned dose deviated from measurement by 2-5%. Analysis of the 10 patients treatment delivery demonstrated that the output during TomoTherapy delivery can vary by approximately 2%. Although patient plans vary from -0.6% to 1.6%, the MLC leaf errors were consistent across fractions for the same patient (excluding one patient). The MCLogQA methods capability of evaluating the impact of deliver errors on patient geometry is demonstrated. Conclusion: The agreement of MC dose calculations utilizing measured delivered sinograms with ion chamber measurements validates the delivered sinogram based QA method. Our system QAs the on-patient TPS dose computation via MC dose recalculation. Plan transfer and delivery errors are validated by using measured delivered sonograms. Patient dose affects are validated by dose volume metric comparison. Our procedure is an effective and efficient alternative to traditional phantom-based TomoTherapy plan specific QA. Research supported by Funding Opportunity Number CMS-1C1-12-0001 from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and have not been approved by the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
Advanced imaging systems programs at DARPA MTO

In this paper, we review a few selected imaging technology development programs at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the reflective visible to the emissive/thermal long wave infrared (LWIR) spectral bands. For the reflective visible band, results are shown for two different imagers: a gigapixel monocentric multi-scale camera design that solves the scaling issues for a high pixel count, and a wide field of view and a single photon detection camera with a large dynamic range. Also, a camera with broadband capability covering both reflective and thermal bands (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm) with >80% quantum efficiency is discussed. In the emissive/thermal band, data is presented for both uncooled and cryogenically cooled LWIR detectors with pixel pitches approaching the fundamental detection limits. By developing wafer scale manufacturing processes and reducing the pixel size of uncooled thermal imagers, it is shown that an affordable camera on a chip, capable of seeing through obscurants in day or night, is feasible. Also, the fabrication and initial performance of the world’s first 5 μm pixel pitch LWIR camera is discussed. Lastly, we use an initial model to evaluate the signal to noise ratio and noise equivalent differential temperature as a function of well capacity to predict the performance for this thermal imager.
Activated transport in improved hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Ge:H) : the influence of cooling rate, contacts, electric field and a-Si:H barriers

Abstract Structures of Cr/a-Ge:H/Cr were found to show kinks in the Arrhenius plots of the conductivity near 170 K with activation energies below this temperature being field dependent and much smaller than the typical value of 0.5 eV. This can be explained by carrier injection at the lower temperature, which also explains observed deviations from ohmic behaviour. The influence of thermally induced effects on the conductivity of the samples is examine by cooling the samples at different rates from 470 K. The physical meaning of the so-called equilibrium temperature is critically discussed. Barriers of a-Si:H 10 nm thick, inserted in the middle of a 2 μm a-Ge:H film, result in a nearly step-like differential conductivity: For fields below 300 V/cm its value is 10 −8 (ωcm) −1 , and it increases to 10 −5 (ωcm) −1 for fields above 10 3 V/cm.
Systematic errors in digital image correlation due to undermatched subset shape functions

Digital image correlation techniques are commonly used to measure specimen displacements by finding correspondences between an image of the specimen in an undeformed or reference configuration and a second image under load. To establish correspondences between the two images, numerical techniques are used to locate an initially square image subset in a reference image within an image taken under load. During this process, shape functions of varying order can be applied to the initially square subset. Zero order shape functions permit the subset to translate rigidly, while first-order shape functions represent an affine transform of the subset that permits a combination of translation, rotation, shear and normal strains. In this article, the systematic errors that arise from the use of undermatched shape function, i.e., shape functions of lower order than the actual displacement field, are analyzed. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the shape functions used can be approximated by a Savitzky-Golay low-pass filter applied to the displacement functions, permitting a convenient error analysis. Furthermore, this analysis is not limited to the displacements, but naturally extends to the higher-order terms included in the shape functions. This permits a direct analysis of the systematic strain errors associated with an undermatched shape function. Detailed numerical studies are presented for the case of a second-order displacement field and first- and second-order shape functions. Finally, the relation of this work to previously published studies is discussed.
Encouraging response of an advanced steroid-cell tumor to GnRH agonist therapy.

Abstract Background: Chemotherapy for steroid tumors of unspecified type has met with limited success and the overall prognosis has been poor. Case: A patient with a virilizing steroid tumor, otherwise unspecified, with demonstrated progressive disease after surgical debulking. Treatment with multiagent chemotherapy failed, but the patient subsequently had a robust response to GnRH agonist therapy. Conclusion: GnRH analogue treatment should be considered prior to cytotoxic chemotherapy in cases of steroid tumor, not otherwise specified.
Measuring gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescences. II. The waves’ information and its extraction, with and without templates

We discuss the extraction of information from detected binary black hole (BBH) coalescence gravitational waves by the ground-based interferometers LIGO and VIRGO, and by the space-based interferometer LISA. We focus on the merger phase that occurs after the gradual inspiral and before the ringdown. Our results are (i) if numerical relativity simulations have not produced template merger waveforms before BBH events are detected, one can study the merger waves using simple band-pass filters. For BBHs smaller than about 40M⊙ detected via their inspiral waves, the band-pass filtering signal-to-noise ratio indicates that the merger waves should typically be just barely visible in the noise for initial and advanced LIGO interferometers. (ii) We derive an optimized maximum-likelihood method for extracting a best-fit merger waveform from the noisy detector output; one “perpendicularly projects” this output onto a function space (specified using wavelets) that incorporates our (possibly sketchy) prior knowledge of the waveforms. An extension of the method allows one to extract the BBH’s two independent waveforms from outputs of several interferometers. (iii) We propose a computational strategy for numerical relativists to pursue, if they successfully produce computer codes for generating merger waveforms, but if running the codes is too expensive to permit an extensive survey of the merger parameter space. In this case, for LIGO-VIRGO data analysis purposes, it would be advantageous to do a coarse survey of the parameter space aimed at exploring several qualitative issues and at determining the ranges of the several key parameters which we describe. (iv) A complete set of templates could be used to test the nonlinear dynamics of general relativity and to measure some of the binary’s parameters via matched filtering. We estimate the number of bits of information obtainable from the merger waves (about 10–60 for LIGO-VIRGO, up to 200 for LISA), estimate the information loss due to template numerical errors or sparseness in the template grid, and infer approximate requirements on template accuracy and spacing.
SPORE COUNTS OF THERMOPHILIC AEROBIC BACTERIA IN SOIL

Soil from four temperature zones (temperate, subtropics, tropics and desert) were analyzed for spores of thermophilic aerobic sporeforming bacteria. Spore counts (incubated at 65°C for 24 hr after boiling for 30 min) were positively correlated with soil pH and organic matter (in one set of samples). When all data were considered, soil pH was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with spore counts.
Numerical simulation of time-dependent heat transfer in oscillating pipe flow

The problem of Enhanced Axial Heat Transfer (EAHT) in oscillatory pipe flow has been numerically studied. Time-dependent velocity and temperature profiles and Lagrangian and tidal displacements at various Wormersley numbers are obtained. The enhanced axial heat flux for different tidal displacements is calculated. The wall thickness effect in EAHT is also studied, and the optimum wall thickness is shown to be about 20% of the pipe radius in the test case studied. In addition, the tuning effect in axial heat flow is examined, the results indicating good agreement with analytic predictions. The numerical studies show that EAHT can be a very effective tool for those problems in which a large amount of heat must be transported without an accompanying convective mass exchange.
Development of x-ray microscopy systems based on laser plasma sources

We report progress in two areas of technology relevant to the development of high-resolution x-ray microscopy techniques based on laser plasma x-ray sources for the analysis of wet and dry biological specimens. The approach we discuss involves the use of ultrashort x-ray emission from a laser plasma source. Precision x-ray optics are used to collimate and filter this light onto the specimen. Imaging and image magnification are accomplished with a combination of x-ray and electron-optical systems. We discuss our progress towards establishing a flexible laser-plasma x-ray source for the development of biological imaging and contact microscopy, and progress we have made towards the development of an electro-optical imaging system having high magnification and spatial resolution.
Oxidation of thin scandium films

Abstract Thin Sc films (namely, 20 layers or thinner) are studied as a function of oxygen exposure using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) measurements. While AES data indicate that surface Sc layers oxidize rapidly, TPD data indicate that at room temperature the oxidation process is confined to the top layers. The surface oxide layer, about 5 layers thick, protects the Sc underneath from oxidation. However, thin Sc films can be completely oxidized by heating the W substrate to a temperature between 220 and 420 °C during oxygen exposure. The enhanced oxidation is the consequence of the coalescence of surface oxide, which breaks the protective surface oxide layer, exposing the Sc underneath to oxygen. AES measurements reveal that Sc oxide in the surface layers of an oxidized Sc film is Sc 2 O 3 . However, Sc and ScO are the only Sc-containing species found among the desorption products, and their relative amounts depend on the extent of oxidation of the film. Between 1400 and 1600 K during a TPD process, some of the Sc 2 O 3 interact with W and Sc and dissociate into Sc 2 O 2 while W and Sc are oxidized. Those Sc atoms which are not consumed during the oxidation–reduction interaction adsorb on Sc 2 O 2 . The large amount of Sc that desorbs from Sc 2 O 2 between 1500 and 1700 K reveals that the surface area of Sc 2 O 2 is 4.2 times the surface area of the W substrate, indicating that Sc 2 O 2 coalesces into clusters. Sc 2 O 2 then dissociates into ScO, which sublimates above 1650 K. In most oxidized Sc films, copious Sc 2 O 3 could remain after depletion of the supply of reducing agents (W and Sc). The remaining layers of Sc 2 O 3 dissociate into ScO and ScO 2 above 1850 K when ScO sublimates, leaving behind ScO 2 .
Modeling cultures of project management

Abstract This paper proposes two contrasting metaphors as models for the management and knowledge-building process in complex engineering projects. It describes the roots of interpretive models of social action, then elaborates on two alternatives: a Taylorist, control-oriented funnel model and a contrasting and more chaotic fermentation vat model with flexible learning capabilities. These cultural models are illustrated through an ethnographic field study of a manufacturing automation project for computer assembly at Apple Computer, Inc. Apple's engagement with a Japanese mechanical contractor to design and build the assembly line provides contrasting examples of project management cultures.
Profane Research Versus Researching the Profane: Commentary on Başoglu (2009)

Torture survivors, therapists, and society look to behavioral science for help understanding the traumatization, needs, and treatment of torture survivors. Any research of torture can and possibly will be used by torturers to refine their abuse of prisoners. It is difficult but necessary to discern profane research from therapeutic research of a profane activity. M. Basoglu's (2009) study of the traumatization of torture survivors is enormously helpful to clinicians who must heal and to policymakers who must understand the psychological toll of torture.
Recognizing individual excellence helps us all

In addition to honoring individuals who have advanced our field, recognizing technical excellence enhances the image of our profession and helps attract the best and brightest to our field.
Modeling Time Series with Calendar Variation

Abstract The modeling of time series data that include calendar variation is considered. Autocorrelation, trends, and seasonality are modeled by ARIMA models. Trading day variation and Easter holiday variation are modeled by regression-type models. The overall model is a sum of ARIMA and regression models. Methods of identification, estimation, inference, and diagnostic checking are discussed. The ideas are illustrated through actual examples.