cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
US residential charging potential for electric vehicles

We assess existing and potential charging infrastructure for plug-in vehicles in US households using data from the American Housing Survey and the Residential Energy Consumption Survey. We estimate that less than half of US vehicles have reliable access to a dedicated off-street parking space at an owned residence where charging infrastructure could be installed. Specifically, while approximately 79% households have off-street parking for at least some of their vehicles, only an estimated 56% of vehicles have a dedicated off-street parking space – and only 47% at an owned residence. Approximately 22% vehicles currently have access to a dedicated home parking space within reach of an outlet sufficient to recharge a small plug-in vehicle battery pack overnight. Access to faster charging, required for vehicles with longer electric range, will usually require infrastructure investment ranging from several hundred to several thousand dollars, depending on panel and construction requirements. We discuss sensitivity of results to uncertain factors and implications for the potential of mainstream penetration of plug-in vehicles.
The Will to Behold: Thorstein Veblen's Pragmatic Aesthetics

No philistine, Thorstein Veblen thought humankind's innate impulse to imbue experience with aesthetic unity advanced all knowledge, and that the most beautiful objects, ideas, and actions met a standard of communal benefit reflecting humanity's naturally selected sociability. Though German idealism was an early influence, it clashed with Veblen's historicist critique of Western institutions, and it was William James's psychology that refined his ideas into a coherent aesthetics with ethical and political applications, by clarifying how instinct, habit, and environment could interact to institutionalize standards of beauty subverting the native altruism of the aesthetic impulse. Over years of association with John Dewey, Veblen concluded that a redeemed and reflective will to behold and create beauty in and through selfless activity could advance a more efficient and egalitarian society, and that humans cooperatively shaping their environments for the common good could approximate the German tradition's ideal of harmonizing personal freedom and external reality.
ECM: chemoattraction but not adhesion.

The mechanisms that regulate 3-dimensional (3D) neutrophil chemotaxis are poorly understood. In this issue of Blood , Afonso et al demonstrate that the collagen receptor Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) promotes neutrophil chemotaxis in 3D by triggering matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and
Extinction debt: origins, developments, and applications of a biogeographical trope:

The concept of the extinction debt has two components: a direct timelag between an environmental perturbation and the consequent extinction of a species and the idea that among species going extinct the strong competitors/weak colonizers go extinct first. Although the term was first used in 1994 in the context of metapopulation models, its roots go back to general systems theory and the theory of island biogeography. It has been qualified and elaborated since 1994, mostly in terms of the effects of spatial pattern on the outcomes. The strongest critiques of the concept emphasize that the direct trade-off between competition and colonization abilities is not simple. The original application was to remnant habitat patches, but it could be applied to spatially heterogeneous habitats that are subject to climate change or invasive species. As a guide to conservation practice, extinction debt remains a general cautionary principle rather than a specific prescription, but the raising of awareness is nevertheless...
Hepatitis B and the Health Worker: Prospective Studies in Perspective

Excerpt The superbly conducted study of Snydman and colleagues in this issue (p. 573) is a model epidemiologic investigation. In a well-designed and systematic manner, these investigators have docu...
Simulation of Soil Loss and Available Water Content to Assess the Sustainability of Selected Farm Practices

ABSTRACT One consequence of unsustainable farming practices is considered to be the deterioration of soil quality; however, finding a measure of soil quality in relation to sustainability has proven elusive. Defining soil quality in terms of productivity is problematic because of the numerous factors affecting productivity, including use of managed inputs that can mask soil deterioration. This paper explores, as one measure of soil quality, the consistency of the soil water content available for crop growth. By comparing soil water content under different cropping practices with that for a known sustainable system, a mature forested soil, we show how variation in water content can be used as an indicator of sustainability. The model CENTURY was used to simulate changes in soil organic matter content over time, and the Generalized Watershed Loading Function was used to simulate soil erosion and fluctuations in water content. Effects of soil type, initial soil organic matter content, slope, cropping system,...
Platinum-Enhanced Electron Transfer and Surface Passivation through Ultrathin Film Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) on Si(111)–CH3 Photoelectrodes

We report the preparation, stability, and utility of Si(111)−CH3 photoelectrodes protected with thin films of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The photoelectrodes have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoelectrochemistry (Fc in MeCN, Fc–OH in H2O), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) simulation. XPS analysis of the growing Al2O3 layer affords both the thickness, and information regarding two-dimensional versus three-dimensional mode of growth. Impedance measurements on Si(111)|CH3|Al2O3 devices reveal that the nascent films (5–30 A) exhibit significant capacitance, which is attenuated upon surpassing the bulk threshold (∼30 A). The Al2O3 layer provides enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) stability evidenced by an increase in the anodic window of operation in MeCN (up to +0.5 V vs Ag) and enhanced stability in aqueous electrolyte (up to +0.2 V vs Ag). XPS analysis before and after PEC confirms the Al2O3 la...
Properties of (0, 1)-matrices with no triangles

Abstract We study (0, 1)-matrices which contain no triangles (submatrices of order 3 with row and column sums 2) previously studied by Ryser. Let the row intersection of row i and row j of some matrix, when regarded as a vector, have a 1 in a given column if both row i and row j do and a zero otherwise. For matrices with no triangles, columns sums ⩾2, we find that the number of linearly independent row intersections is equal to the number of distinct columns. We then study the extremal (0, 1)-matrices with no triangles, column sums ⩾2, distinct columns, i.e., those of size mx(m2). The number of columns of column sum l is m − l + 1 and they form a (l − 1)-tree. The ((m2)) columns have a unique SDR of pairs of rows with 1's. Also, these matrices have a fascinating inductive buildup. We finish with an algorithm for constructing these matrices.
Morphological bounds on order-statistics filters

In this paper, we investigate the morphological bounds on order- statistics (median) filters (and their repeated iterations). Conditions are derived for morphological openings and closing to serve as bounds (lower and upper, respectively) on order- statistics (median) filters (and their repeated iterations). Under various assumptions, morphological open-closings (open- close-openings) and close-openings (close-open-closings) are also shown to serve as (tighter) bounds (lower and upper, respectively) on iterations of order-statistics (median) filters. Conditions for the convergence of iterations of order-statistics (median) filters are proposed. Criteria for the morphological characterization of roots of order-statistics (median) filters are also proposed.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Brainstem control of response modes in neurons of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus.

Abstract The visual pathway from retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus to visual cortex in the cat is comprised of several parallel neuronal streams that independently analyze different aspects of the visual scene. The best known of these are the X and Y pathways that relay through the geniculate A laminae. Recent receptive-field studies of retinal and geniculate neurons suggest that there is a further elaboration of cell types at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus. That is, two types of geniculate X cells with different temporal patterns of responses to visual stimuli are recognized, one with "nonlagged" features, exhibiting shorter response latencies and another with "lagged" features; all retinal X cells are nonlagged. We asked whether nonlagged and lagged responses represent different cell classes or two response modes of the same cells, perhaps under the control of nonretinal afferents to these relay cells. Accordingly, we studied the effects on appropriate receptive-field properties of electrical activation of the midbrain parabrachial region, which is a major nonretinal input to relay cells. Such parabrachial stimulation made each of the eight lagged X cells much more like nonlagged cells, and this stimulation completely transformed the lagged response profiles of six of the eight cells to nonlagged. We thus conclude that the property of lagged responsiveness, which is an emergent property of the lateral geniculate nucleus, is a different response mode of the same cells that can also display nonlagged responses, rather than representing different cell classes; furthermore, this switching between response modes is, at least partly, under the control of afferents from the parabrachial region.
Low temperature synthesis of ultrafine LiTaO 3 powders

Controlled chemical polymerization of tantalum ethoxide in the presence of glacial acetic acid (HOAc/Alk. = 16) and solubilized lithium acetate (Li/Ta = 1.00, H2O/Alk. = 55.55) was used for the preparation of an amorphous gel precursor to LiTaO3. Although additional investigations are required, the results suggest that successful formation of amorphous gel network, as opposed to that of colloidal tantalum (hydrous) oxide, may be due to the generation of a new organotantalum precursor via a structural modification reaction between the tantalum ethoxide and glacial acetic acid. The evolution of LiTaO3 ceramics from pre-ceramic gels was investigated using thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that after the completion of gel pyrolysis (200–400 °C) and crystallization (Tc = 590 °C), ultrafine (average particle size 100–300 nm), single phase, crystalline (a = 5.243, c = 13.812 A) LiTaO3 powders can be prepared at low processing temperatures.
Connections in mathematical analysis: the case of Fourier series

It was in this manner, perhaps not entirely reconcilable with the idea of Liberte', that Fourier joined the Commission of Arts and Sciences of Bonaparte's expedition. The military forces conquered Cairo on July 24, and by August 20 Bonaparte had decreed the foundation of the Institut d'Egypte in Cairo to promote the advancement of science in Egypt. Its first meeting, with Fourier appointed as its
The social organization of free-ranging urban dogs. I. Non-estrous social behavior

Abstract Free-ranging domestic dogs ( Canis familiaris ) in Newark, New Jersey (U.S.A.), were studied during summer (1978) and winter (1978–1979) months. Population densities of approximately 400 dogs per square mile and a sex ratio of 3 males: 1 female were found for each of three study areas. Free-ranging dogs were typically large, owned individuals; strays were a monority. Of four different group types identified in this study (familiar, unfamiliar, people-mediated and estrous), the first three are described. The social organization during non-breeding periods was characterized by a majority of solitary individuals. The relatively few groups observed rarely contained more than two individuals. Familiarity between dogs was the primary basis of sociality, although the distance a dog was from its home-site, its body size, age and ownership status also influenced social behavior. There was no seasonal variation in these patterns. Aggression was rare and mutual avoidance was the primary spacing mechanism. However, of those agonistic interactions that did occur, unfamiliar dogs were involved 5–15 times more frequently than familiar dogs. Home-range movements of individuals were largely restricted to areas around the home-site. Home-range size was correlated to a dog's ownership status much more than body size. There was no evidence of territoriality. Resources such as food and shelter influenced the social organization by concentrating individuals in areas where these were available. Major, predictable changes in available food had no effect on social behavior. Likewise, environmental parameters such as human presence and weather conditions generally influenced dog behavior indirectly.
On the structure of parallelism in a highly concurrent PDE solver

This paper studies a variation of a parallel multigrid PDE solver originally due to John Van Rosendale. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the method and discusses the large scale parallel structure. It will show that the method can be viewed as a data driven "large grain" systolic structure. At a lower level the algorithm is seen to be built from grid operators that are, in turn, denned by expressions involving vector functions.
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN CARE AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A REPORT FROM THE NCDR®

We examined contemporary use and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). We utilized the Cath-PCI Registry® to evaluate 56497 patients (January 2005-December 2013) undergoing PCI for AMI-CS.
Ιnflammatory or septic arthritis associated with mycoplasma pneumonia in children: Two case reports and review of the literature

Inflammatory or septic arthritis due to Mp is an extremely unusual manifestation in children, and the functional outcome of the joints is difficult to be predicted. Two cases with Mp infection are presented. The first patient had positive PCR for Mp after hip aspiration and arthrotomy with thorough irrigation and debridement. A flattened femoral head was detected during the follow-up, which became quite spherical a year after. An arthrotomy with medial synovectomy of the knee was performed in the second patient. Lack of full knee extension was presented during the first 3 months, which gradually decreased to 7° in the final follow-up. The suspicion of Mp infection with extra-pulmonary involvement in children is mainly based on clinical, epidemiological and radiological data, but laboratory testing is required for confirmation. Rapid diagnosis of probability consists of serum tests, and their results are essential for early therapeutic planning. The direct diagnosis of Mp DNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides specificity and sensitivity. Very few cases of arthritis associated with Mp infection have been published but not with the severity of our cases. Clinical suspicion of Mp infection is of great importance, and the outcome depends on early diagnosis and specific treatment.
Self-tuned Evolution-COnstructed features for general object recognition

Object recognition is a well studied but extremely challenging field. We present a novel approach to feature construction for object detection called Evolution-COnstructed Features (ECO features). Most current approaches rely on human experts to construct features for object recognition. ECO features are automatically constructed by uniquely employing a standard genetic algorithm to discover multiple series of transforms that are highly discriminative. Using ECO features provides several advantages over other object detection algorithms including: no need for a human expert to build feature sets or tune their parameters, ability to generate specialized feature sets for different objects, no limitations to certain types of image sources, and ability to find both global and local feature types. We show in our experiments that the ECO features compete well against state-of-the-art object recognition algorithms.
Structural analysis of the contacts anchoring moenomycin to peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases and implications for antibiotic design

Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGTs), enzymes that catalyze the formation of the glycan chains of the bacterial cell wall, have tremendous potential as antibiotic targets. The moenomycins, a potent family of natural product antibiotics, are the only known active site inhibitors of the PGTs and serve as blueprints for the structure-based design of new antibacterials. A 2.8 A structure of a Staphylococcus aureus PGT with moenomycin A bound in the active site appeared recently, potentially providing insight into substrate binding; however, the protein-ligand contacts were not analyzed in detail and the implications of the structure for inhibitor design were not addressed. We report here the 2.3 A structure of a complex of neryl-moenomycin A bound to the PGT domain of Aquifex aeolicus PBP1A. The structure allows us to examine protein-ligand contacts in detail and implies that six conserved active site residues contact the centrally located F-ring phosphoglycerate portion of neryl-moenomycin A. A mutational analysis shows that all six residues play important roles in enzymatic activity. We suggest that small scaffolds that maintain these key contacts will serve as effective PGT inhibitors. To test this hypothesis, we have prepared, via heterologous expression of a subset of moenomycin biosynthetic genes, a novel moenomycin intermediate that maintains these six contacts but does not contain the putative minimal pharmacophore. This compound has comparable biological activity to the previously proposed minimal pharmacophore. The results reported here may facilitate the design of antibiotics targeted against peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases.
‘Self-Support’: The Episcopal Mission and Nationalism in Japan

Japan offers a profound instance of the encounter between culture and Christian mission. From 1859 to 1940 American Protestant missionaries encountered powerful cultural shifts as Japan modernized. Public enthusiasm for Western ways in the late nineteenth century tempted missionaries and some Japanese to believe that Christianity was Japan's greatest resource for national development. However, the rise of nationalism made the role of churches and missionaries in Japanese life problematic. Scholars have not examined closely the Protestant missionary adaptation to Japanese nationalism. The missionaries of the Episcopal church provide an important instance of such response. The Episcopal church was among the first Protestant denominations in Japan and founded Japanese Anglicanism. Channing Moore Williams entered Japan in 1859 and in 1866 became Japan's first Anglican bishop. Like all Christian groups, the church experienced negligible growth at first, but by 1890 Episcopalians had become the fourth largest Protestant mission.1 As Japan embraced Western forms, Episcopal missionaries attempted to make themselves indispensable to Japanese life. This posture intensified as Japanese nationalism developed. For Episcopal missionaries, the concept of "self-support" was pivotal. Missionaries generally responded to Japanese nationalism by developing indigenous leadership in the church. Episcopalians realized that "self-support" meant the goal of an independent Japanese church. But they believed that "self-support" increased the need for their guidance. The Episcopal church's experience in Japan shows that one Western religious tradition replied to non-Western nationalism by perpetuating American oversight.
Ten-year results of folding plasty in mitral valve repair.

Background Folding plasty (FP) for posterior mitral leaflet repair (PLR) is a technique that reduces the height of the repaired leaflet, closes the gap created by leaflet resection by rotation of residual leaflet, and reduces the need for localized annular plication. This report reviews late outcomes with FP repair. Methods From January 1994 to August 2006, 1,402 mitral valve repairs were performed for degenerative disease: 1,012 had PLR and 531 had FP technique. Results Overall hospital mortality was 2.4% (33 of 1,402 patients) and 1.3% (14 of 1,103 patients) for isolated mitral repair. For those patients with PLR, mortality for all procedures was 1.5% (15 of 1,012 patients) and 1.2% (11 of 891 patients) for isolated PLR repairs. Mortality was 0.9% (5 of 531 patients) for FP. In the last 5 years FP was used in 64.4% of PLR, compared with 35.6% of PLR in the prior era (p Conclusions Repair of posterior leaflet prolapse with FP is straightforward and durable. In our experience, FP is currently used for two thirds of PLR. These data also confirm that valve repair for degenerative disease should include an annuloplasty device for optimal late results.
Mate limitation in an estuarine population of copepods

We determined the probability of mating as a function of population density in the estuarine copepod Acartia hudsonica by combining experimental measurements with a simple model. Pairs of unmated copepods were confined in containers of various volumes to simulate variable population density, and experiments were run for 8, 16, and 24 h. Mating frequencies indicated that males search for females at an effective search volume rate of 0.34 6 0.15 L h21 or 8.2 6 3.5 L d21 and that males become ready to mate only after ,15 h exposure to the females. We applied these parameters in a simple population model to determine the critical density for zero population growth. With high egg production, zero mortality, and residence time of 60 d, the critical density for A. hudsonica was 0.01 m23, at the low end of the range of observed population densities. Critical densities for less favorable conditions were well within the range of observed population densities, even allowing for the effects of aggregation. Thus, mate limitation in sexually reproducing organisms, or Allee effects, can cause negative density dependence in growth rate of these populations at low but realistic population densities. We applied these results to the introduction of exotic zooplankton via ships’ ballast water under various scenarios of initial dilution in harbors and subsequent conditions for reproduction and survival. Inocula resulting from the discharge of postexchange ballast water were often high enough to establish new resident populations.
β-Adrenergic Blocking Property of dl-Sotalol Maintains Class III Efficacy in Guinea Pig Ventricular Muscle After Isoproterenol

Background Catecholamines antagonize the efficacy of several class III antiarrhythmic agents. To determine the role of the intrinsic β-adrenergic blocking property of dl -sotalol in maintaining class III efficacy during a high-catecholamine state, we compared the electrophysiological properties of dl -sotalol with those of d -sotalol, which is devoid of significant β-adrenergic blocking effect, before and after isoproterenol infusion. Methods and Results Action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) was prolonged in isolated guinea pig papillary muscles perfused with d -sotalol and dl -sotalol 10−4 mol/L over stimulation cycle lengths from 200 to 2000 ms. The increases in APD90 for d -sotalol and dl -sotalol over control were 10.9±2.5 to 23.7±4.8 ms and 27.9±4.0 to 39.0±5.6 ms, respectively. APD90 shortened to less than control in papillary muscles treated with d -sotalol but not dl -sotalol on addition of isoproterenol 10−6 mol/L: −31.2±3.5 to −18.3±4.8 ms and 10.5±3.6 to 33.3±7.8 ms, respectively, P <.003. Single guinea pig ventricular myocytes were studied by the whole-cell patch clamp method. Time-dependent (Iout) and total (Itot) outward current in response to a 300-ms pulse to 20 mV and tail current (Itail) to −35 mV were measured after Ca2+ channel block and Na+ channel inactivation. Iout, Itail, and Itot were reduced in myocytes perfused with d -sotalol and dl -sotalol 10−4 mol/L: Iout, −36.1±4.1%, −40.5±3.3%; Itail, −59.3±4.6%, −62.2±11.1%; Itot, −27.3±4.3%, −50.0±11.8%. Iout and Itot increased to a greater degree in myocytes treated with d -sotalol than dl -sotalol on addition of isoproterenol 10−6 mol/L: Iout, 100.3±20.6%, 11.3±7.6%, P =.002; Itot, 86.8±39.2%, −41.1±20.9%, P =.01. Itail tended to increase more in myocytes treated with d -sotalol than dl -sotalol on addition of isoproterenol, but the difference was not significant (−9.1±13.5%, −28.0±9.0%). Conclusions The β-adrenergic blocking property of dl -sotalol maintains APD prolongation and repolarizing outward current block during isoproterenol infusion in guinea pig ventricular muscle. Extrapolation of these data to a clinical setting may explain the efficacy of dl -sotalol in diminishing ventricular arrhythmia recurrence.
Letter by Radecki Regarding Article, “Safety of Thrombolysis in Stroke Mimics: Results From a Multicenter Cohort Study”

To the Editor: It is with great interest I read the recent publications regarding identification and treatment of stroke mimics (SM). Zinkstok et al1 describe an exceedingly low incidence of SM treated with thrombolytic therapy in their multicenter cohort, atypical of other published literatures. Guerrero et al,2 in their editorial, comment this low incidence is likely the result of very narrow criteria for diagnosis of SM, requiring the presence of a convincing alternative diagnosis. Furthermore, Guerrero et al2 suggest the lack of use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted sequences (DWI) as a confirmatory study impaired their ability to discriminate …
Integrating functional synthesis

Design couples synthesis and analysis in iterative cycles, alternatively generating solutions, and evaluating their validity. The accuracy and depth of evaluation has increased markedly because of the availability of powerful simulation tools and the development of domain-specific knowledge bases. Efforts to extend the state of the art in evaluation have unfortunately been carried out in stovepipe fashion, depending on domain-specific views both of function and of what constitutes “good” design. Although synthesis as practiced by humans is an intentional process that centers on the notion of function, computational synthesis often eschews such intention for sheer permutation. Rather than combining synthesis and analysis to form an integrated design environment, current methods focus on comprehensive search for solutions within highly circumscribed subdomains of design. This paper presents an overview of the progress made in representing design function across abstraction levels proven useful to human designers. Through an example application in the domain of mechatronics, these representations are integrated across domains and throughout the design process.
The STarT Back Screening Tool and Individual Psychological Measures: Evaluation of Prognostic Capabilities for Low Back Pain Clinical Outcomes in Outpatient Physical Therapy Settings

Background Psychologically informed practice emphasizes routine identification of modifiable psychological risk factors being highlighted. Objective The purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) in comparison with single-construct psychological measures for 6-month clinical outcomes. Design This was an observational, prospective cohort study. Methods Patients (n=146) receiving physical therapy for low back pain were administered the SBT and a battery of psychological measures (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity scale and work scale [FABQ-PA and FABQ-W, respectively], Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS], 11-item version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia [TSK-11], and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]) at initial evaluation and 4 weeks later. Treatment was at the physical therapist's discretion. Clinical outcomes consisted of pain intensity and self-reported disability. Prediction of 6-month clinical outcomes was assessed for intake SBT and psychological measure scores using multiple regression models while controlling for other prognostic variables. In addition, the predictive capabilities of intake to 4-week changes in SBT and psychological measure scores for 6-month clinical outcomes were assessed. Results Intake pain intensity scores (β=.39 to .45) and disability scores (β=.47 to .60) were the strongest predictors in all final regression models, explaining 22% and 24% and 43% and 48% of the variance for the respective clinical outcome at 6 months. Neither SBT nor psychological measure scores improved prediction of 6-month pain intensity. The SBT overall scores (β=.22) and SBT psychosocial scores (β=.25) added to the prediction of disability at 6 months. Four-week changes in TSK-11 scores (β=−.18) were predictive of pain intensity at 6 months. Four-week changes in FABQ-PA scores (β=−.21), TSK-11 scores (β=−.20) and SBT overall scores (β=−.18) were predictive of disability at 6 months. Limitations Physical therapy treatment was not standardized or accounted for in the analysis. Conclusions Prediction of clinical outcomes by psychology-based measures was dependent upon the clinical outcome domain of interest. Similar to studies from the primary care setting, initial screening with the SBT provided additional prognostic information for 6-month disability and changes in SBT overall scores may provide important clinical decision-making information for treatment monitoring.
Lid2 Is Required for Coordinating H3K4 and H3K9 Methylation of Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

In most eukaryotes, histone methylation patterns regulate chromatin architecture and function: methylation of histone H3 lysine-9 (H3K9) demarcates heterochromatin, whereas H3K4 methylation demarcates euchromatin. We show here that the S. pombe JmjC-domain protein Lid2 is a trimethyl H3K4 demethylase responsible for H3K4 hypomethylation in heterochromatin. Lid2 interacts with the histone lysine-9 methyltransferase, Clr4, through the Dos1/Clr8-Rik1 complex, which also functions in the RNA interference pathway. Disruption of the JmjC domain alone results in severe heterochromatin defects and depletion of siRNA, whereas overexpressing Lid2 enhances heterochromatin silencing. The physical and functional link between H3K4 demethylation and H3K9 methylation suggests that the two reactions act in a coordinated manner. Surprisingly, crossregulation of H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in euchromatin also requires Lid2. We suggest that Lid2 enzymatic activity in euchromatin is regulated through a dynamic interplay with other histone-modification enzymes. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the coordination of H3K4 and H3K9 methylation.
Built-in-test design for cost-effective fault-isolation

The author presents a methodology for evaluating alternate system structures consisting of lowest replaceable units (LRUs) that correspond to different levels of partitioning and fault isolation introduced through the incorporation of built-in-test (BIT) into the system design. The attendant operations and support cost for each partitioning is established as a function of the cost drivers associated with the maintenance and support environment. A program-specific maintenance and support cost model is developed to evaluate alternate BIT-influenced system structures and their associated fault isolation strategies using a set of linked spreadsheets as the core of the methodology. The initial setting up of the linked spreadsheets requires paying attention to detail, but once the linking is established the what if's are easy to execute since a change in an input/design parameter is effected through the adjustment of a single spreadsheet value and propagated throughout the set of spreadsheets using the linking structure. A measure of cost-effective fault isolation is constructed for the candidate systems using the cost elements of BIT engineering development cost and system maintenance and support cost. >
Anomalous gold, antimony, arsenic, and tungsten in ground water and alluvium around disseminated gold deposits along the Getchell Trend, Humboldt County, Nevada

Ground-water, alluvium, and bedrock samples were collected from drill holes near the Chimney Creek, Preble, Summer Camp, and Rabbit Creek disseminated gold deposits in northern Nevada to determine if Au and ore-related metals, such as As, Sb, and W, are being hydromorphically mobilized from buried mineralized rock, and, if they are, to determine whether the metal-enriched ground water is reacting with the alluvial material to produce a geochemical anomaly within the overburden. Results of chemical analyses of drill-hole water samples show the presence of hydromorphic dispersion anomalies of Au, As, Sb, and W in the local ground-water systems associated with these deposits. Background concentrations for Au in the ground water up-gradient from the buried deposits was less than 1 nanogram per liter (ng/L), near the deposits the Au values ranged from 1 to 140 ng/ L, and in drill holes penetrating mineralized rock, concentrations of Au in the ground water were as high as 4700 ng/L. Highest concentrations of Au were found in ground-water samples where the measured Eh and the distribution of arsenic species, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], indicated oxidizing redox potentials. Similarly, As, Sb, and W concentrations in the ground water near the deposits were significantly enriched relative to concentrations in the ground water up-gradient from the deposits. In general, however, the highest concentrations of As, Sb, and W occurred in ground-water samples where the measured Eh and the distribution of arsenic species indicated reducing conditions. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 9 to 710 micrograms per liter (μg/L); Sb, from less than 0.1 to 250 μg/L; and W, from 1 to 260 μg/L. In addition, analysis of sequential dissolution and extraction solutions of drill cuttings of alluvium and bedrock indicate geochemical anomalies of gold and ore-related metals in the overburden at depths corresponding to the location of the present-day water table. This relationship suggests that water-rock reactions around these buried deposits are active and that this information could be very useful in exploration programs for concealed disseminated gold deposits.
PROGRESS IN BREAST CADx

The accuracy of a medical imaging examination depends on both the quality of the image acquisition and the quality of the image interpretation. For more than half a century, computer technology greatly improved image acquisition systems, e.g., with the development of various advanced tomographic imaging modalities. Computer technology is also contributing to the quality of the image interpretation process by incorporation of CAD, i.e., computer-aided detection (CADe) and computer-aided diagnosis (CADx). CADe involves the use of computer analyses to indicate locations of suspect regions in a medical image. The characterization, diagnosis, and patient management are left to the radiologist. CADx involves the use of computer analyses to characterize a region or lesion, initially located by either a human or computer, leaving the final diagnosis and patient management to the radiologist. We present here our progress in CADx for breast cancer using mammography, sonography, and breast MRI
A Transactional Model of Sleep–Wake Regulation in Infants Born Preterm or Low Birthweight

Objective To test a transactional model of sleep–wake development in infants born preterm or low birthweight (PT LBW), which may inform clinical practice, interventions, and future research in this at risk population. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight mother–infant dyads participated from hospital discharge to 4 months postterm. Assessments of prematurity, infant sleep–wake patterns, maternal interaction quality, depression, feeding route, and sociodemographic factors were conducted. Results Path analyses revealed that maternal interactions directly related to infant sleep patterns and family sociodemographic risks related to less optimal parenting. In addition, bottle fed infants experienced fewer night wakings and more nighttime sleep. Conclusions Two potential pathways to sleep patterns in PT LBW infants were identified. The findings suggest directions for clinical work, such as supporting healthy infant sleep through parenting interventions or supporting interpersonal relations between parents and their PT LBW infants by encouraging more daytime naps. Additionally, clinicians should assess parents’ nighttime sleep concerns within the larger sociodemographic and feeding context.
Camera Handoff with Adaptive Resource Management for Multi-camera Multi-target Surveillance

Camera handoff is a crucial step to generate a continuously tracked and consistently labeled trajectory of the object of interest in multi-camera surveillance systems. Most existing camera handoff algorithms concentrate on data association, namely consistent labeling, where images of the same object are matched across different cameras. However, most real-time object tracking systems see a decrease in the system's frame rate as the number of tracked objects increases. To address this issue, we propose to incorporate an adaptive resource management mechanism into camera handoff. In so doing, cameras? resources can be dynamically allocated to multiple objects according to their priorities and hence the required minimum frame rate can be maintained. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed camera handoff algorithm is capable of maintaining a constant frame rate and of achieving a substantially improved handoff success rate by approximately 20% in comparison with the algorithm presented by Khan and Shah.
Using Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation to Treat Stroke Patients With Aphasia

Background and Purpose— Recent research suggests that increased left hemisphere cortical activity, primarily of the left frontal cortex, is associated with improved naming performance in stroke patients with aphasia. Our aim was to determine whether anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), a method thought to increase cortical excitability, would improve naming accuracy in stroke patients with aphasia when applied to the scalp overlying the left frontal cortex. Methods— Ten patients with chronic stroke-induced aphasia received 5 days of anodal tDCS (1 mA for 20 minutes) and 5 days of sham tDCS (for 20 minutes, order randomized) while performing a computerized anomia treatment. tDCS positioning was guided by a priori functional magnetic resonance imaging results for each individual during an overt naming task to ensure that the active electrode was placed over structurally intact cortex. Results— Results revealed significantly improved naming accuracy of treated items (F[1,9]=5.72, P<0.040) a...
Antitrust Policy toward Advertising

CURIOSITY WAS partly responsible for my acceptance of the invitation to speak here on the subject of the Antitrust Division's policy toward advertising. I was not aware that the Division had any particular policy on this subject any more than it has on packaging, store lay-out, auditing, credit extension, or many other aspects of the conduct of a modern business. So far as I knew, advertising had entered rarely and incidentally into antitrust cases. Nevertheless there had been repeated statements in the trade press to the effect that the Antitrust Division was displaying a consistent antagonism toward advertising.' Moreover, the Antitrust Division had been receiving mail expressing approval of the policy which these letters attributed to us of reducing the price of goods during the emergency by eliminating all advertising costs; and since we had neither this policy nor the jurisdiction to apply it, these letters were not easily ex-
Mediocrity versus Chance in Drug-Store Operating Ratios

Horace Secrist showed many years ago that various retail stores whose expenses and gross margins were either far above or far below average in a particular year tended to move closer to the average of the group of stores in succeeding years. The present study uncovers this same tendency in drug-store data for the years 1948-1952. An attempt is also made to look into the causes behind this phenomenon.
Substrate cycling between pyruvate and oxaloacetate in awake normal and 3,3'-5-triiodo-L-thyronine-treated rats.

Substrate cycling between pyruvate and oxaloacetate was assessed in awake 24-h fasted normal and triiodothyronine (T3)-treated rats. After a 20- or 60-min infusion of [3-13C]alanine (99% enriched, 12 mg/min) the 13C enrichments of liver glucose and alanine carbons were analyzed by 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Substrate cycling from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate [via pyruvate kinase (PK)] and from oxaloacetate to pyruvate [via malic enzyme (ME)] relative to the pyruvate carboxylase (PC) flux [i.e., (PK+ME)/PC] was assessed by the ratio of the 13C enrichment of C-2 alanine relative to that in C-5 glucose. In the normal rats (PK+ME)/PC was 0.26 +/- 0.07 (n = 7, t = 20 min) and 0.37 +/- 0.08 (n = 4, t = 60 min). In the T3-treated rats the (PK+ME)/PC increased four- to fivefold to 1.03 +/- 0.19 (n = 8, t = 20 min) and to 1.83 +/- 0.19 (n = 3, t = 60 min) (P < 0.05 vs. normal rats). The liver enzyme activity of PK did not change with T3 treatment (normal 14.22 +/- 5.25 U/g liver vs. T3 treated 13.40 +/- 1.10 U/g liver), whereas both the enzyme activity ratio of PK (normal 0.47 +/- 0.15 vs. T3 treated 0.77 +/- 0.03, P < 0.05) and the activity of ME (normal 0.89 +/- 0.30 U/g liver vs. T3 treated 4.25 +/- 0.60 U/g liver, P < 0.05) increased with T3 treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimental evaluation of hypothermic intermittent coronary perfusion

The recovery of the myocardial contractility of blood-perfused papillary muscle from rabbit hearts was used to determine if hypothermia would minimize the myocardial injury associated with intermittent aortic cross-clamping (IACC). Continuous normothermic coronary perfusion for 2 hours with either cross circulation or a membrane oxygenator had only minimal adverse effects on contractility. None of the hearts tolerated normothermic IACC (45 minutes of anoxia and 10 minutes of reperfusion, repeated twice). When the myocardial temperature was reduced to 32° C, the recovery following IACC was 41.25 ± 11.21 percent (n = 8). With hypothermia of 28° C, it was 70.43 ± 13.03 percent (cross circulation group, n =7) or 68.36 ± 13.11 percent (membrane oxygenator group, n= 7). If the hearts were cooled to 24° C, the recovery of the myocardial contractility following IACC was 90.95 ± 5.42 percent (n = 11). The improvement of the degree of recovery by hypothermia was statistically highly significant (p
Clinical Databases and Critical Care Research

Clinical investigators who seek to exploit electronic databases for clinical research need to be aware of the strengths and limitations of the data stored in these systems. Generic issues are examined that can arise from the use of any electronic database, as well as more specific and unique issues that need to be resolved before a comprehensive medical-record database can be realized. Specific suggestions are provided that can be employed by the critical care director who seeks to exploit the rich clinical data available in electronic form for clinical research.
Marketing und die IT-Branche

Wer mit einem Interesse an einer Marketingtatigkeit in die IT-Branche will, sieht sich einer unuberschaubaren Vielzahl und Vielfalt von Stellenbeschreibungen gegenuber. Die Bezeichnungen der ausgeschriebenen Positionen reichen vom ‚Produkt- oder Marketing-Spezialisten‘ uber ‚IT-Projektmanager‘ und ‚Product Coordinator‘ bis hin zu besonderen Rollen, wie etwa ‚Channel Analyst‘, ‚Business Development Manager‘, ‚Kampagnen Manager‘, ‚Online-Direktmarketing‘ oder ‚Customer Relationship Manager‘ bzw. eher allgemein ausgerichteten Funktionen, wie die eines ‚Account Managers‘ oder ‚Marketing-Managers‘. Und auf der Ebene der in Aussicht gestellten Tatigkeiten, reicht die Vielfalt von der Durchfuhrung von Marktbeobachtungen bzw. Marktanalysen, uber das Aufstellen von Produktentwicklungsplanen bzw. Anforderungsbeschreibungen, die Release-Planung oder das Anstellen von Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleichen bis hin zum Erstellen von Verkaufshilfen und Konkurrenzprofilen.
The Structure of Cuban Dependence

When the Spanish-American-Cuban War of Independence ended in 1898, Cuba was formally incorporated in the sphere of United States power and hegemony. At the conclusion of this war, a government was established in Cuba that catered to the needs of North American capitalism. However, this process of incorporation had economically taken root earlier in the 1800s, when sugar production became increasingly associated with the demands of the world capitalist market. Coupled with the normal problems of foreign domination, Cuba’s relations with the United States were aggravated by the extent to which the mechanisms of foreign control affected all sectors of society.1 Thus, once Cuba’s integration into the capitalist world economy was accomplished and once the internal affairs of Cuba could be carefully monitored by the United States, the policy of North American intervention in Cuba’s internal affairs accelerated, giving stimulus to the development of Cuban nationalism.2
Excitation and propagation of surface plasmon polaritons on a non-structured surface with a permittivity gradient

Accompanied by the rise of plasmonic materials beyond those based on noble metals and the development of advanced materials processing techniques, it is important to understand the plasmonic behavior of materials with large-scale inhomogeneity (such as gradient permittivity materials) because they cannot be modeled simply as scatterers. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the excitation and propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a planar interface between a homogeneous dielectric and a material with a gradient of negative permittivity. We demonstrate the following: (i) free-space propagating waves and surface waves can be coupled by a gradient negative-permittivity material and (ii) the coupling can be enhanced if the material permittivity variation is suitably designed. This theory is then verified by numerical simulations. A direct application of this theory, 'rainbow trapping', is also proposed, considering a realistic design based on doped indium antimonide. This theory may lead to various applications, such as ultracompact spectroscopy and dynamically controllable generation of SPPs.