cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Submassive Pulmonary Embolism in an Adult with Duodenal Adenocarcinoma and Brain Metastases.

A 52-year-old African American man with small bowel adenocarcinoma metastatic to the brain and leptomeninges was found to have an acute pulmonary embolism while hospitalized for acute lower limb weakness, bowel, and urinary incontinence. He had an elevated troponin, echocardiographic findings concerning for right heart failure, and bilateral segmental and subsegmental pulmonary artery perfusion deficits with right pulmonary artery thrombus on CT angiography. Given the laboratory and radiographic findings with normotensive blood pressure, the patient was diagnosed with a submassive pulmonary embolism. After deliberation with interventional radiology and hematology, the patient underwent mechanical thrombectomy and was treated with therapeutic anticoagulation. Mechanical thrombectomy revealed substantial clot burden in the central pulmonary arteries and yielded a significant improvement in hypoxia and dyspnea. This case was an excellent exercise in therapeutic decision-making amidst a dynamic disease process that required integration of numerous clinical and diagnostic data points, including empiric anticoagulation with high clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism, review of contraindications to anticoagulation and thrombolysis in metastatic malignancy, and the decision to pursue mechanical thrombectomy in the setting of contraindications to catheter-directed thrombolysis.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Hair and Salivary Biomarker Collection Among Multiethnic School-Age Children

As noninvasive biological markers gain increasing popularity in pediatric research, it is critical to understand how study participants perceive these measures, especially among groups underrepresented in biobehavioral research, like children and people of color. The purpose of this study was to examine acceptability and feasibility of hair and salivary biomarker collection in an urban community sample of ethnically diverse children (age 4 to 10 years). Ninety-seven mother–child dyads were recruited for a cross-sectional follow up study of the Minding the Baby® home visiting intervention. Children were Hispanic (63%), Black (34%), and multi-racial (3.1%). A conventional content analysis was conducted using two sources of data: (1) mothers’ responses to open-ended interview questions on their views and suggestions regarding biomarker collection, and (2) field notes recorded by investigators. Forty-four percent of mothers reported biomarker-related questions or concerns, including questions about the purpose of biomarker testing, and concerns about cosmetic issues, child discomfort, and future use of biomarker data. Mothers also offered positive feedback and advice for collection. Issues affecting feasibility included children’s hair length and style, refusal to participate, and behavioral or developmental issues. Hair and salivary biomarker collection was largely acceptable and feasible in this sample. Strategies for promoting ethical and sensitive biomarker collection include respectful explanations and parental involvement, creating a comfortable and safe environment for the child, flexible collection strategies, and attention to development, cultural preferences and perspectives.
INTERIOR RESTORATION A.A MARAMIS BUILDING MINISTRY OF FINANCE OF INDONESIA: DEVELOPING INTERIOR CONCEPTS WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE RESTORATION

A.A Maramis is a palace building consisting of 3 floors with the 19th century Empire in Indonesia. This building represents the development of Indonesian architecture in the early 19th century. In the renovation planning that began at the end of 2019, the A.A Maramis building is expected to be a historical reminder of how important this agency is as well as the chronology of events that have occurred in the past in order to increase love for the nation and the motherland. In the planning of restoration is expected to become one of the attractive and educative tourism destination. Restoration of A.A. Maramis building refers to the concepts and principles of Cultural Heritage. This study uses qualitative methods and interdisciplinary approaches include history, culture, and aesthetics. The renovation and development as well as the use of the interior or interior is a place to preserve, present and convey information about the travel history of the Ministry of Finance in developing the nation and state of Indonesia. Keywords: A.A Maramis building Ministry of Finance of Indonesia, developing, interior concept, the principle of cultural heritage restoration
Trilayered tissue construct mimicking the orientations of three layers of a native heart valve leaflet

A tissue-engineered heart valve can be an alternative to a prosthetic valve in heart valve replacement; however, it is not fully efficient in terms of long-lasting functionality, as leaflets in engineered valves do not possess the trilayered native leaflet structure. Previously, we developed a flat, trilayered, oriented nanofibrous (TN) scaffold mimicking the trilayered structure and orientation of native heart valve leaflets. In vivo tissue engineering—a practical regenerative medicine technology—can be used to develop an autologous heart valve. Thus, in this study, we used our flat, trilayered, oriented nanofibrous scaffolds to develop trilayered tissue structures with native leaflet orientations through in vivo tissue engineering in a rat model. After 2 months of in vivo tissue engineering, infiltrated cells and their deposited collagen fibrils were found aligned in the circumferential and radial layers, and randomly oriented in the random layer of the scaffolds, i.e., trilayered tissue constructs (TTCs) were developed. Tensile properties of the TTCs were higher than that of the control tissue constructs (without any scaffolds) due to influence of fibers of the scaffolds in tissue engineering. Different extracellular matrix proteins—collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and elastin—that exist in native leaflets were observed in the TTCs. Gene expression of the TTCs indicated that the tissue constructs were in growing stage. There was no sign of calcification in the tissue constructs. The TTCs developed with the flat TN scaffolds indicate that an autologous leaflet-shaped, trilayered tissue construct that can function as a native leaflet can be developed.
Estimation of smooth functionals in high-dimensional models: bootstrap chains and Gaussian approximation

Let $X^{(n)}$ be an observation sampled from a distribution $P_{\theta}^{(n)}$ with an unknown parameter $\theta,$ $\theta$ being a vector in a Banach space $E$ (most often, a high-dimensional space of dimension $d$). We study the problem of estimation of $f(\theta)$ for a functional $f:E\mapsto {\mathbb R}$ of some smoothness $s>0$ based on an observation $X^{(n)}\sim P_{\theta}^{(n)}.$ Assuming that there exists an estimator $\hat \theta_n=\hat \theta_n(X^{(n)})$ of parameter $\theta$ such that $\sqrt{n}(\hat \theta_n-\theta)$ is sufficiently close in distribution to a mean zero Gaussian random vector in $E,$ we construct a functional $g:E\mapsto {\mathbb R}$ such that $g(\hat \theta_n)$ is an asymptotically normal estimator of $f(\theta)$ with $\sqrt{n}$ rate provided that $s>\frac{1}{1-\alpha}$ and $d\leq n^{\alpha}$ for some $\alpha\in (0,1).$ We also derive general upper bounds on Orlicz norm error rates for estimator $g(\hat \theta)$ depending on smoothness $s,$ dimension $d,$ sample size $n$ and the accuracy of normal approximation of $\sqrt{n}(\hat \theta_n-\theta).$ In particular, this approach yields asymptotically efficient estimators in some high-dimensional exponential models.
Is There a There There - Toward Greater Certainty for Internet Jurisdiction

The unique challenge presented by the Internet is that compliance with local laws is rarely sufficient to assure a business that it has limited its exposure to legal risk. Since websites are accessible worldwide, the prospect that a website owner might be haled into a courtroom in a faroff jurisdiction is much more than a mere academic exercise, it is a very real possibility. The article identifies why the challenge of adequately accounting for the legal risk arising from Internet jurisdiction has been aggravated in recent years by the adoption of the Zippo legal framework, commonly referred to as the passive versus active test. The test provides parties with only limited guidance and often results in detrimental judicial decisions from a policy perspective. Given the inadequacies of the Zippo passive versus active test, it is now fitting to identify a more effective standard for determining when it is appropriate to assert jurisdiction in cases involving predominantly Internet-based contacts. With the benefit of the Zippo experience, the new test should remain technology neutral so as to: a) remain relevant despite ever-changing web technologies; b) create incentives that, at a minimum, do not discourage online interactivity; and c) provide sufficient certainty so that the legal risk of operating online can be effectively assessed in advance. The solution submitted in the article is to move toward a targetingbased analysis. Unlike the Zippo approach, a targeting analysis would © 2001 Michael Geist. t Assistant Professor, University of Ottawa Faculty of Law, and Director of ECommerce Law, Goodmans LLP. The author would like to thank the Uniform Law Conference of Canada and Industry Canada for their financial support in sponsoring this paper; Teresa David and William Karam for their research assistance; Vaso Maric, Rene Geist, Harvey Goldschmid, Ted Killheffer, Denis Rice, as well as the participants at the Consumer Measures Committee/Uniform Law Conference of Canada April 2001 Workshop on Consumer Protection and Jurisdiction in Electronic Commerce, the TPRC 2001 Conference, and the Georgetown University Advanced E-commerce Institute, for their comments on earlier versions of this paper; the editors of the BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL for their excellent work in bringing this paper to publication; and to Allison Geffen for her continued love and support. Any errors or omissions remain the sole responsibility of the author. 1346 BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 16:1345 seek to identify the intentions of the parties and to assess the steps taken to either enter or avoid a particular jurisdiction. Targeting would also lessen the reliance on an effects analysis, the source of considerable uncertainty since Internet-based activity can ordinarily be said to create some effects in most jurisdictions.
Therapeutic Options for Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales

The spread of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacterales worldwide without the simultaneous increase in active antibiotics makes these organisms an urgent public health threat. This review summarizes recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment strategies for infections caused by MBL-producing Enterobacterales. Adequate treatment of patients infected with MBL-producing Enterobacterales relies on detection of the β-lactamase in the clinic. There are several molecular platforms that are currently available to identify clinically relevant MBLs as well as other important serine-β-lactamases. Once detected, there are several antibiotics that have historically been used for the treatment of MBL-producing Enterobacterales. Antimicrobials such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fosfomycin, and polymyxins often show promising in vitro activity though clinical data are currently lacking to support their widespread use. Ceftazidime-avibactam combined with aztreonam is promising for treatment of infections caused by MBL-producing Enterobacterales and currently has the most clinical data of any available antibiotic to support its use. While cefiderocol has displayed promising activity against MBL-producing Enterobacterales in vitro and in preliminary clinical studies, further clinical studies will better shed light on its place in treatment. Lastly, there are several promising MBL inhibitors in the pipeline, which may further improve the treatment of MBL-producing Enterobacterales.
Cannabinoids and Sleep—Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects(2021) editors Monti JM, Pandi-Peumal SR, Murillo-Rodriguez E pp. 181 ISBN: 9,783,030,616,632 Springer

In 13 chapters, the book approaches the topic of cannabinoids and sleep in an organized and thorough manner, providing clinicians and researchers with detailed descriptions of neurobiology and pathophysiology. The book will serve as a useful reference resource, especially for researchers in the field.
Can Monitoring Help Flatten the World? An Empirical Examination of Online Hiring

With the prevalence of online employment platforms, employers are increasingly hiring remote workers from those platforms and using platform-provided monitoring systems to keep track of workers’ activities. We propose that the effect of monitoring goes beyond the findings from the extant monitoring literature that has predominantly examined the productivity effects. Specifically, we hypothesize that monitoring systems would reduce employers’ bias against foreign workers (home bias), thus flattening the global labor markets. Employers tend to have home bias owing to the high transaction risks and coordination costs in dealing with foreign workers. As monitoring systems automate the collection of workers’ activities during the project process, they inform employers on the work process and project progress in real time and facilitate the coordination process with remote workers. Thus, employers may reduce their home bias because the risks of hiring foreign workers and the associated coordination costs have been substantially reduced. With a unique large-scale data set from a major global online employment platform, we leverage a difference-in-differences model and the exogenous event of the introduction of a platform-provided monitoring system for time-based projects to estimate the impact of monitoring systems on employers’ home bias. We find that employers significantly reduce their home bias after the introduction of the monitoring system. Further, the decrease in employers’ home bias is smaller for employers who had positive hiring experiences with foreign workers before the introduction of the monitoring system. In addition, the decrease in employers’ home bias is larger in high-routine projects than in low-routine projects, with the latter being more difficult to monitor. Our findings are robust to alternative empirical specifications and provide important managerial implications for improving the design of online employment platforms.
Welfare Participation Reduced Severe Child Multidimensional Poverty in Rural China: Better Targeting Can Lead to Greater Poverty Reduction

Dibao (or the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee) is China’s primary social assistance program and serves as a safety net for families in poverty. This article examines the effects of rural Dibao receipt on severe child multidimensional poverty using the nationally representative China Household Income Project (CHIP) 2013 and 2018 data. Multidimensional poverty is measured by seven dimensions, including water, sanitation facilities, shelter, education, health, information, and consumer durables. Propensity score matching analysis reveals that rural Dibao receipt in 2018 were associated with reductions in severe child multidimensional poverty as measured by deprivations in four or more dimensions, but the same effect was not detected in 2013. Simulation analysis results indicate even greater reductions in severe child multidimensional poverty associated with rural Dibao receipt in 2018 if accurate targeting could be achieved. Based on these findings, this study makes several policy recommendations, including broadening rural Dibao’s population coverage and enhancing its targeting performance, adopting additional policies that specifically target children or families with children, and linking Dibao with these additional policies to meet the survival and developmental needs of children.
Bruxism and Myofascial Pain­ Dysfunction Syndrome

Bruxism is the forceful rubbing together of teeth when an individual is not chewing food. This hyperactivity of the masticatory muscles, which is manifested by habitual clenching, grinding, and isometric contraction of the muscles, is essentially a maladaptive psychophysiological response to stress (Cannistraci, 1976).
Analytical Methods in Transportation: Planning a Grading Operation for Least Total Cost

The mathematical theory of linear programming is used in the determination of which items of earthmoving equipment in any selected contractor’s equipment spread should be used in what combinations when, where, and for what lengths of time, so that the grading operation can be performed on any selected project for least total cost. A hypothetical small-scale grading project is used to explain and exemplify the formulations required for including in the model the earthwork quantity, equipment combinations, available equipment times, capital restriction, and project completion time. Solutions are obtained for this project and these solutions are interpreted within the economic criterion of total cost. This linear programming model is evaluated and possible extensions for certain actual cases are noted.
Tubulin-tyrosine ligase from brain.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the assay method, purification procedures, and properties of tubulin–tyrosine ligase from brain. Tubulin is prepared from the brain extract by using warm supernatant as starting material obtained by centrifuging down microtubules assembled from a glycerol-supplemented extract. This starting material can be stored for months at -70°C without a loss of activity. The purification procedure includes DEAE-cellulose chromatography, tyrosine affinity chromatography, and phosphocellulose chromatography. The success of this procedure rests on the availability of ligase that is active enough to tyrosinolate the tubulin sample maximally in a reasonable time (30 min at 37°C) before any significant denaturation has occurred. Tubulin is tyrosinolated by incubation with tyrosine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and large amounts of ligase for 60 min at 37°C. Pure tyrosinolated tubulin (free of associated proteins) are then prepared by phosphocellulose chromatography, concentrated by adding ammonium sulfate to 50% of saturation, and again passed through a sephadex column equilibrated with reassembly buffer.
DoD support for OSI protocols

The Defense Communications Agency has developed a strategy for the adoption of the GOSIP (Government OSI profile) defined open system interconnection (OSI) protocols within the Department of Defense (DoD). The cornerstone of the DoD's OSI migration strategy is coexistence and interoperability with the DoD protocols through progressive stages of implementation. Coexistence and interoperability are discussed with respect to the dual-protocol host, selected application-layer interoperability, internetwork-level OSI connectivity, and publicly available OSI software. >
The Nature and Minimum Standards of Freedom of Religion or Belief

This article provides an overview of the nature and scope of the minimum standards for freedom of religion or belief in the international community, as regulated by the principal international norms. Although the international community had already addressed racial discrimination, racial hatred, and other human rights issues, the United Nations did not address racial and religious discrimination and intolerance until the early sixties, following a series of anti-Semitic outbreaks. The United Nations separated the issues and promptly drafted a declaration and convention against racial discrimination. However, the United Nations did not draft a declaration regarding religion and belief until 1981. Moreover, it does not appear the United Nations will draft a convention regarding religion and belief any time soon, for reasons discussed hereafter.1
The role of bcl-2 proteins during chronic glucose exposure coupled with oxidative stress (960.3)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes that affects heart function and contributes to mortality. Chronic, elevated glucose levels negatively effects heart tissue and has been i...
Prognostic factors for outcomes and complications for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina treated with radiation.

Abstract Purpose. To analyze the results of treatment and identify prognostic factors for primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the vagina managed with radiotherapy at a single institution. Materials and methods. Seventy-eight patients were analyzed in this retrospective series. Mean characteristics: follow-up 89 months; age 65 years (range 33–99); tumor size 3.8 cm (0.3–10); treatment hemoglobin 12.4 g/dl (range 8.7–14.4); and tumor dose 72 Gy (range 6–127). In addition, 49% of our cohort had a prior hysterectomy. The FIGO stage distribution: I (42%); II (29%); III (17%); and IVA/B (11%). Sixty-two percent of patients were treated with a combination of external beam radiation (EBRT) and brachytherapy, 22% with EBRT alone and 13% with brachytherapy alone. Results. Kaplan–Meier (KM) 5-year pelvic control, distant metastasis free survival and disease specific survival probabilities: stage I, 83%, 100%, and 92%; stage II, 76%, 95%, and 68%; stage III, 62%, 65%, and 44%; and stage IV, 30%, 18%, and 13%. On multivariate analysis: stage; treatment hemoglobin; and prior hysterectomy were prognostic for DSS ( p p Conclusions. Radiotherapy as a single modality for early stage primary vaginal SCCA produces good results. Advanced stage disease necessitates a combined modality approach and/or new methods. Treatment Hg levels appear to be clinically significant and studies on correction of anemia during treatment are warranted.
PubChem: atom environments for molecule standardization

PubChem is an open repository for molecular structures, their properties and biological activities [1]. The number of deposited structures has been steadily increasing since its creation in 2004. Today, it contains more than 92 million substances (PubChem Substance) with 32 million unique small molecules (PubChem Compound). Consequently, visual inspection of every structure and correction of errors by hand to detect structure equivalencies and to ensure data quality are not feasible. Efficient and reliable automated methods for standardization are necessary during the registration process to compensate for alternating representations of as well as errors and artifacts in (sub)structure representations caused by diverging business rules, personal preferences, data format conversion, disagreements between aromaticity definitions and automated library generation. At PubChem, we are developing a new standardization approach that is based on rules for atom environment transformation. Those rules are obtained from a statistical analysis of atom environment transformations observed with a reference workflow combining chemical reasonability checks, valence filters, canonical tautomer determination and aromaticity normalization. Additional atom environment mappings are provided by hand curation. In the first application of our technique to PubChem we concentrate on purely organic compounds. Those represent 97% of the deposited structures and account for the majority of atom environments as well. Here, we present the first results obtained with our approach, highlighting the methodology, challenges, benefits and future possibilities.
Induced focusing in a Λ-system

Abstract We investigate induced focusing of a cw probe by a strong cw pump in a Λ-system. The conditions for self-focusing and non-depletion of the pump and for induced focusing of the probe are obtained. The on-axis amplitude and phase, and the transverse profile and phase of the pump and probe are computed for different pump energies and initial probe radii.
Why evidence-based medicine matters to aesthetic surgery.

This issue of Aesthetic Surgery Journal marks the one-year anniversary of Dr. Foad Nahai’s editorial heralding an increased focus on evidence-based medicine (EBM) in the pages of the Journal .1 This year, the Journal will increase the visibility of EBM articles by showcasing the Level of Evidence (LOE) pyramid to identify pertinent articles with a ranking of Level 1, 2, or 3. Levels of Evidence are but one of the tools used in EBM to assess the validity of data presented in scientific studies, thereby enabling us to make more informed decisions and take better care of our patients. During the past year, as discussions about EBM have become more frequent, many plastic surgeons have questioned what exactly EBM is, why it is necessary, and how will it affect their practice and their patients. David Sackett2 has defined EBM as “the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.” Several key words in this definition guide us toward not only what EBM is but, just as importantly, what EBM is not. First, EBM is conscientious. It is based on a concerted and thoughtful effort to apply information in a different way and, as such, requires as significant a change in our ways of thinking and our culture as a change in our daily processes. Second, EBM is explicit. When applying EBM principles, we purposefully and systematically seek out the most appropriate information, examine it in a critical way, and incorporate this information as we implement a balanced action plan. It is important to note that the information that we seek is the current best information—not the information that we wish we had or will have in the future—and is thus limited by research and clinical reports. …
Governance and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

Real income per head in much of sub-Saharan Africa grew rapidly in the 1960s, but faltered following the first OPEC oil price shock in 1973-74, and then stagnated or fell from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. Africa also saw a broad wave of authoritarian rule sweep the continent in the 1960s and early 1970s. Since 1990, however, the African political landscape has experienced significant changes, many in the direction of greater pluralism and democracy. Moreover, where civil strife has been avoided, Africa has seen a broad tendency towards rapid growth for several years after 1995. This sequence of events suggests that political economy may offer useful perspectives on Africa's growth record over the last several decades. We begin with a summary of Africa's growth patterns and the evolution of African political regimes. We then examine models of authoritarian rule for insights into the conditions under which elites may sacrifice the general interest to extract rents and retain power, or in which leaders may find ways of making growth-enhancing policy politically acceptable. It would be premature to conclude that Africa's political reforms of the 1990s have helped to generate economic progress. However, we do believe that the increase in political pluralism, in combination with greater unity among African aid donors, bodes well for a continuation of Africa's growth recovery.
Sources of variability in livestock water quality over 5 years in the Northern Great Plains.

Concentrated dissolved minerals in naturally occurring water accessible to livestock grazing semiarid landscapes can negatively influence animal productivity and well-being. Twelve indicators of water quality (Ca, Cl, Fe, F, Mg, Mn, Na, nitrate N, pH, SO 4 , total dissolved solids (TDS), and temperature) were measured at 45 livestock water sites over 5 yr from 2009 through 2013 at the 22,257- ha USDA-ARS Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory (Miles City, MT) to estimate variation. Water was sampled from 4 sources: 1) flowing surface water, 2) groundwater, 3) reservoirs, and 4) springs. The sampled area was classified by 3 cardinal compass bearings (locations): 1) north, 2) southeast, and 3) southwest of the Yellowstone River. Samples were collected twice yearly in 2 seasons, May (wet) and September (dry). Year, location, source, and season and their interactions were analyzed as a 5 × 3 × 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. A location × year interaction (P < 0.04) was found for Mg, Na, SO 4 , and TDS. The southwest location had the greatest concentrations in 2012 of Na, SO 4 , and TDS. A source × year interaction (P < 0.02) was found for Ca, Fe, F, Mg, Mn, Na, SO 4 , TDS, and temperature. Iron, Mg, and Mn had the greatest concentrations in flowing surface water in 2012. Greater and then lower precipitation in 2011 followed by below-average precipitation in 2012 was associated with elevated mineral concentrations in sources in the southwest location and flowing surface water sources demonstrating sources of water quality variability within time and space at the study site. Average concentrations of Ca, Cl, Mg, and nitrate N and pH levels across sources and locations did not exceed the upper maximum intake level for beef cattle. In contrast, concentrations of F, Fe, Na, SO 4 , and TDS at times exceeded the upper maximum level for beef cattle, indicating these minerals may negatively impact range beef cattle performance.
A unified index structure for efficient enforcement of spatiotemporal authorisations

Uncontrolled dissemination of geospatial data may have grave implications on national security and personal privacy. Geospatial data can be considered sensitive based on attributes such as the location, resolution and the time of capture, etc. As such, authorisations associated with this data also possess spatial and temporal attributes. The main contribution of this paper is to improve the response time of access requests, by proposing a unified index structure called *-tree that is capable of indexing both spatiotemporal objects and authorisations in a single index structure. *-tree is an extension of R-tree that indexes objects based on their resolutions as well as on their spatial and temporal attributes and overlays spatiotemporal authorisations on the nodes of the tree. We show how the *-tree can be constructed and maintained, provide algorithms to process access requests and present performance evaluation results that demonstrate a significant improvement in performance.
A Comprehensive Model of Conflict at the R&D/Marketing Interface: Linking Organizational Factors and Conflict to New Product Performance

The extant literature on R&D and Marketing integration has shown that conflict has a negative impact on new product performance, but despite these findings no suitable model of conflict has been presented and conflict persists. Past research in the new product development field has studied only a small subset of factors at a time with limited findings and has ignored the various forms of conflict (i.e. task, relationship, and process conflict). These models have also not allowed for an examination of the possible benefits of conflict. Organizational theory provides a strong body of literature on conflict, but the models that are presented there are general and not specific to R&D and Marketing. This paper presents a comprehensive model of conflict at the R&D and Marketing interface. It is comprehensive from the standpoint of covering the various types of conflict, the factors involved, and being capable of measuring conflict through out the entire new product development (NPD) cycle. The model hypothesizes links between organizational factors, personal and interpersonal responses to conflict, and NPD success. Traditional NPD performance measures are used as well as psycho-socio measures to examine the effects of conflict on performance and to identify constructive and destructive conflict. Hypotheses are formed based on this model and suggestions for future research given.
Characterization of cultured thymus tissue used for transplantation with emphasis on promiscuous expression of thyroid tissue-specific genes

Autoimmune thyroid disease occurs in some complete DiGeorge anomaly patients after thymus transplantation. This study was designed to assess the effect of culture of thymus tissue on the expression of genes involved in the development of autoimmunity. The expression of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and cytokeratin RNAs was examined in thymocytes and thymus tissue on the day of thymus harvest and after 14 and 21 days of culture. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the cytokeratin expression in the thymus tissue. AIRE, TG, TPO, and cytokeratin mRNAs were found in harvest-day, 14-day and 21-day cultured tissues. Levels of AIRE, TG, and cytokeratin mRNAs were mostly higher after culture compared to expression on the harvest day, likely secondary to thymocyte depletion.
Religion and American politics : from the colonial period to the 1980s

A PROTESTANT ERA: COLONIAL ERA TO THE CIVIL WAR 1. Religion and Politics in America from the First Settlements to the Civil War 2. Religion and Ideological Change in the American Revolution 3. Rhetoric and Reality in the Early Republic: The Case of the Federalist Clergy 4. Religion, Government, and Power in the New American Nation 5. The Democratization of Christianity and the Character of American Politics 6. Religion and Politics in the Antebellum North 7. Ethnoreligious Political Behavior in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Voting, Values, Culture 8. Methodists, Politics, and the Coming of the American Civil War NEW CONFIGURATIONS 9. Slavery, Race, and Social Order in the White Christian South, Before and After the Civil War 10. Protestant Theological Tensions and Political Styles in the Progressive Period 11. Roman Catholics and American Politics, 1900-1960: Altered Circumstances, Continuing Patterns TUMULTS AND REALIGNMENTS SINCE WORLD WAR II 12. Faith Transformed: Religion and American Politics from FDR to George W. Bush 13. Evangelicalism Becomes Southern, Politics Becomes Evangelical: From FDR to Ronald Reagan 14. Viewed in Black and White: Conservative Protestantism, Racial Issues, and Oppositional Politics 15. Roman Catholics and American Politics, 1960-2004 16. Women, Politics, and Religion REFLECTIONS 17. Contemporary Views from Abroad A. Why It Is Difficult for European Observers to Understand the Relationship between American Politics and Religion in the Twenty-First Century B. American Civil Religion and George W. Bush C. Crusade for Freedom, Exportation of the American Model, and George W. Bush's Second Inaugural Address D. For God's Sake? American Religion and Politics Viewed From Denmark E. Australian Perspectives on American Religion and Politics in the Bush Era 18. Canadian Counterpoint 19. Quid Obscurum: The Changing Terrain of Church-State Relations 20. Religion, Politics, and the Search for an American Consensus
Effects of phenylbutazone and frusemide on urinary excretory responses to high intensity exercise

Summary To determine whether phenylbutazone or frusemide administration exacerbates the urinary excretory responses to high intensity exercise, 6 fully conditioned Thoroughbred mares were subjected to treadmill exercise at =120% of the VO2max after 4 treatments: 1) 4.4 mg/kg phenylbutazone i.v. 24 h prior to exercise (B); 2) 1.0 mg/kg frusemide i.v. 4 h prior to exercise (F); 3) 4.4 mg/kg phenylbutazone i.v. 24 h prior to exercise and 1.0 mg/kg frusemide i.v. 4 h prior to exercise (BF) and 4) placebo at both pre-exercise times (C). Urine was collected for 4.5 h before exercise, during exercise and for 2 h after exercise. Urine flow (UF) and urinary sodium excretion (UNAex) increased and urine osmolality (Uosm) decreased following frusemide administration (F and BF only). UF decreased (B and C only) during exercise and subsequently increased from a pre-exercise value of 4.3 ± 0.4 (s.e.) ml/min (n=24) to 8.4 ± 4.1, 15.0 ± 3.6, 10.3 ± 4.2 and 9.5 ± 1.6 ml/min between 25 and 40 min following exercise for B, F, BF and C, respectively. This finding was only significant for F. Similarly, UNAex increased from a pre-exercise value of 0.05 ± 0.02 mEq/min (n=24) to 0.53 ± 0.34, 0.68 ± 0.30, 0.61 ± 0.38 and 0.67 ± 0.25 mEq/min between 25 and 40 min following exercise for B, F, BF and C, respectively. This finding was significant for B and F but not for BF or C. Uosm decreased following exercise in all treatment groups. Considerable within and between treatment variation in the urinary excretory responses to high intensity exercise was observed and precluded finding differences between treatment groups. To investigate this variation further, values for UF and UNAex between 25 and 40 min post exercise (period of greatest post exercise diuresis and natriuresis) were compared with peak plasma lactate concentration. Positive linear correlations were found for UF (r=0.65) and for UNAex (r=0.65). Thus, the magnitude of the diuresis and natriuresis which follows high intensity exercise in horses is related, in part, to work effort, as measured by plasma lactate concentration.
A prospective randomized clinical trial of melphalan and cis-platinum versus hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer

Abstract From May 1978 until November 1980, 169 previously untreated patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer were entered into a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the combination of hexamethylmelamine, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (HAC) to a combination of melphalan and cis -platinum. Eleven patients were excluded from analysis and another 5 patients were excluded from response analysis. Of 153 patients evaluable for response, there were 47, or 30.7%, complete responders (all determined surgically), 6 partial responders, and 100 nonresponders. The response rate for the HAC group was 31% and for the melphalan-platinum group was 37.8%. The overall response rate was 34.6%. Residual tumor diameter (less than or greater than 2 cm) exerted a statistically significant effect on response—47.8 vs 24.4%. Of the 47 complete responders, 7, or 14.9%, have relapsed, with the median duration of remission of 44+ months. Of the 158 patients evaluable for survival, 90 patients have died, with a median survival time of 27.9 months (HAC = 26.4 months, melphalan-platinum = 29.6 months). Age, FIGO stage, histologic grade, and residual disease all exerted a significant effect on survival time. Second-line therapy in the treatment failures was of no benefit. Hematologic toxicity was greater in the melphalan-platinum group. Gastrointestinal toxicity was severe in both groups. Other toxicities were minor and infrequent.
Taking Concurrency Seriously: the Multicore Challenge

Computer architecture is undergoing, if not another revolution, then a vigorous shaking-up. The major chip manufacturers have, for the time being, simply given up trying to make processors run faster. Instead, they have recently started shipping "multicore" architectures, in which multiple processors (cores) communicate directly through shared hardware caches, providing increased concurrency instead of increased clock speed. As a result, system designers and software engineers can no longer rely on increasing clock speed to hide software bloat. Instead, they must somehow learn to make effective use of increasing parallelism. This adaptation will not be easy. Conventional synchronization techniques based on locks and conditions are unlikely to be effective in such a demanding environment. Transactional memory is a computational model in which threads synchronize by transactions. This synchronization model promises to alleviate many (perhaps not all) of the problems associated with locking, and there is a growing community of researchers working on both software and hardware support for this approach. This talk will survey the area, with a focus on open research problems.
Effects of pre‐dispersal selection on offspring growth and survival in Erythronium grandiflorum

Effects of pre-seed-dispersal processes on offspring vigor were examined in Erythronium grandiflorum using manipulations of the number of pollen donors contributing to the pollen pool and comparisons of means and variances in offspring growth measurements. There were no effects of the number of donors on measures of pollen-tube growth, ovule abortion, seed set, mean seed weight, or seedling germination. Seeds from pollinations with only one donor produced corms that averaged 5% lighter after one season of growth and had lower overall survival after three years compared to corms from pollinations with either three or ten donors. Patterns of within- and among-family variance estimates for the different treatments were consistent with the hypothesis that less-vigorous offspring were eliminated prior to seed dispersal in the multiple-donor treatments. The difference in the growth of offspring from different treatments was apparently not due to pollen competition because pre-zygotic attrition of pollen tubes led to incomplete fertilization of ovules. Results from this study suggest that post-fertilization abortion of less-vigorous progeny, perhaps as a consequence of early-acting inbreeding depression, is responsible for the increase in the average vigor of offspring from multiply-sired fruits.
A new view on development of a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine: insights from mice and men.

When rationally designing a vaccine against a specific pathogen, several categories of microbiologic and immunologic data can offer insight. The identification of the protective antigen is of paramount importance. Another is the nature of the immune response to natural infection, which presumably is protective against recurrent infection caused by the same pathogen. A third category concerns the insight that is sometimes gained from understanding the nature of host defense immunologic defects that predispose to, or increase the severity of, the pathogen in question.
Complexity Judgments of Photographs and Looking Time

30 normal adult Ss viewed each of 30 color slides of real objects and places for as long as they wished. The stimuli had previously been rated on a 7-point scale of complexity and divided into 3 groups of 10 each representing 3 levels of complexity: high, low, and middle. The positive relationship between complexity and looking time previously found for other stimuli holds for realistic photographs as well.
Membrane Filter Method for the Detection and Enumeration of Salmonella in Egg Albumen

Abstract CRITICAL studies outlining techniques for isolating Salmonella from dried egg products were reported in 1953 (Ayres, 1953; Banwart and Ayres, 1953; Hurley and Ayres, 1953; North and Bartram, 1953). Although these methods have been reasonably effective and are in general use today, they are not without certain shortcomings. The analyses are time consuming and recovery of Salmonella is less than 100%. Efforts to improve the efficacy of the culture medium have been more or less successful (Byrne, Rayman and Schneider, 1955; Montford and Thatcher, 1961; North, 1961; Osborne and Stokes, 1955; Stokes and Osborne, 1955; Taylor, 1961; Taylor and Silliker, 1961; Taylor, Silliker and Andrews, 1958; and Wells, Bergquist and Forsythe, 1958). The major difficulty lies in the fact that addition of large quantities of some food materials, such as egg albumen, to selective enrichment broths greatly diminishes the performance of these media (Banwart and Ayres, 1953; Hurley and Ayres, …
Fluctuations in the structure of interfaces

We study the stability matrix (the matrix of second derivatives of the free energy functional with respect to the density at each point in the system) for various phenomenological models of interfaces between coexisting phases. The eigenvectors and eigenvalues of that matrix are the eigenmodes, and their inverse susceptibilities, of fluctuations of the interface. We find that, due to the presence of the interface, several discrete eigenvalues typically appear in addition to the continuous bands of eigenvalues of the bulk phases. Some features appear to be generic, while others depend on the details of the model.
The Personality Assessment Inventory as a tool for diagnosing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Using 184 subjects with valid PAI profiles and VEEG confirmed diagnoses of epileptic seizures (ES; N=109) or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES; N=75), we present the diagnostic test performance of the PAI PNES Indicator and other PAI scales when used to differentiate PNES from ES. Subjects with PNES reported significantly higher somatic, conversion, depressed, anxious, and suicidal symptoms. As a diagnostic tool, the PNES Indicator does not add additional accuracy beyond the conversion subscale (SOM-C). The somatization (SOM-S) and physiological depression (DEP-P) subscales perform as well as the SOM-C subscale. The SOM-C scale (cut point ≥70) was 58.7% sensitive and 83.5% specific at diagnosing PNES. Assuming a 30% prevalence of PNES, the SOM-C scale has a positive predictive value of 60.4% and negative predictive value of 82.5%. Overall, the PAI SOM-C subscale does not appear more accurate than other psychometric tests used to differentiate PNES from ES.
Cerebellum Predicts the Future Motor State

Feed forward control and estimates of the future state of the motor system are critical for fast and coordinated movements. One framework for generating these predictive signals is based on the central nervous system implementing internal models. Internal models provide for representations of the input–output properties of the motor apparatus or their inverses. It has been widely hypothesized that the cerebellum acquires and stores internal models of the motor apparatus. The results of psychophysical, functional imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in normal subjects support this hypothesis. Also, the deficits in patients with cerebellar dysfunction can be attributed to a failure of predictive feed forward control and/or to accurately estimate the consequences of motor commands. Furthermore, the computation performed by the cerebellar-like electrosensory lobes in several groups of fishes is to predict the sensory consequences of motor commands. However, only a few electrophysiological investigations have directly tested whether neurons in the cerebellar cortex have the requisite signals compatible with either an inverse or forward internal model. Our studies in the monkey performing manual pursuit tracking demonstrate that the simple spike discharge of Purkinje cells does not have the dynamics-related signals required to be the output of an inverse dynamics model. However, Purkinje cell firing has several of the characteristics of a forward internal model of the arm. A synthesis of the evidence suggests that the cerebellum is involved in integrating the current state of the motor system with internally generated motor commands to predict the future state.
Is human herpesvirus-6 a trigger for chronic fatigue syndrome?

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness currently defined entirely by a combination of non-specific symptoms. Despite this subjective definition, CFS is associated with objective underlying biological abnormalities, particularly involving the nervous system and immune system. Most studies have found that active infection with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) - a neurotropic, gliotropic and immunotropic virus - is present more often in patients with CFS than in healthy control and disease comparison subjects, yet it is not found in all patients at the time of testing. Moreover, HHV-6 has been associated with many of the neurological and immunological findings in patients with CFS. Finally, CFS, multiple sclerosis and seizure disorders share some clinical and laboratory features and, like CFS, the latter two disorders also are being associated increasingly with active HHV-6 infection. Therefore, it is plausible that active infection with HHV-6 may trigger and perpetuate CFS in a subset of patients.