cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Target genes of the largest human SWI/SNF complex subunit control cell growth

The largest subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF-A or BAF (BRG1-associated factor) chromatin-remodelling complex is encoded by two related cDNAs hOsa1/BAF250a and hOsa2/BAF250b that are unique to the BAF complex and absent in the related PBAF (Polybromo BAF). hOsa/BAF250 has been shown to interact with transcriptional activators and bind to DNA suggesting that it acts to target the remodelling complex to chromatin. To better understand the functions of hOsa2, we established inducible stable HeLa cell lines over-expressing FLAG-hOsa2 or a derivative lacking the ARID (AT-rich interactive domain) DNA-binding domain. Immunopurification of complexes containing hOsa2 that was followed by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting demonstrated the presence of BRG1 and known BAFs, but not hOsa1 or hBRM. Deletion of the ARID did not compromise the integrity of the complex. Induction of hOsa2 expression caused impaired cell growth and accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. Elevated levels of the p53 and p21 proteins were detected in these cells while c-Myc mRNA and protein levels were found to decrease. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays suggested that hOsa2 had a direct effect on c-myc and p21 promoter activity. Thus hOsa2 plays an important role in controlling genes regulating the cell cycle.
Overexpression of human β-defensin-3 in oral dysplasia: Potential role in macrophage trafficking

Summary Human β-defensins (hBDs) are small, cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by oral and other mucosal epithelia. More recently, hBDs have been shown to regulate adaptive immunity. In this study, we provide new information about the potential role of hBD-3 in the progression of oral cancer. In normal human oral epithelia, hBD-3 is produced by mitotically active cells in the basal layers of oral epithelium, whereas hBD-1 and -2 are coexpressed in the differentiated spinosum and granulosum layers. Interestingly, premalignant cells in carcinoma in situ lesions overexpress hBD-3, but not hBD-1 and hBD-2, correlating with specific recruitment and infiltration of macrophages. Our in vitro studies demonstrate that hBD-3 chemoattracts THP-1 monocytic cells and that epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly induces hBD-3 expression in oral epithelial cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase MEK1/2, p38 MAPK, protein kinase C (PKC), and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), but not via Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs). These results suggest that hBD-3 serves as a mitogen responsive gene in the initiation of oral cancer and may act as a motility signal to recruit tumor-associated macrophages.
Menispermaceae alkaloids. II. The alkaloids of Cyclea peltata Diels.

The roots of Cyclea peltata Diels from Madras yielded d-tetrandrine, dl-tetrandrine, d-isochondrodendrine, and fangchinoline. Preliminary pharmacological study of the petroleum ether-extractable alkaloids, of the methanol-extractable alkaloids, and of the methiodides prepared from the latter mixtures showed that all produce activity similar to that seen with d-tubocurarine.
Scaling of Performance for Varying Density Ratio Coolants on an Airfoil With Strong Curvature and Pressure Gradient Effects

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the film cooling performance on the suction side of a first-stage turbine vane. Tests were conducted on a nine times scale vane model at density ratios of DR = 1.1 and 1.6 over a range of blowing conditions, 0.2 ≤ M ≤ 1.5 and 0.05 ≤ I ≤ 1.2. Two different mainstream turbulence intensity levels, Tu∞ =0.5 and 20 percent, were also investigated. The row of coolant holes studied was located in a position of both strong curvature and strong favorable pressure gradient. In addition, its performance was isolated by blocking the leading edge showerhead coolant holes. Adiabatic effectiveness measurements were made using an infrared camera to map the surface temperature distribution. The results indicate that film cooling performance was greatly enhanced over holes with a similar 50 deg injection angle on a flat plate. Overall, adiabatic effectiveness scaled with mass flux ratio for low blowing conditions and with momentum flux ratio for high blowing conditions. However, for M < 0.5, there was a higher rate of decay for the low density ratio data. High mainstream turbulence had little effect at low blowing ratios, but degraded performance at higher blowing ratios.
APL as a tool for multivariate statistics

This paper describes ways in which the combination of APL and graphics terminals can provide powerful means both of understanding and executing data analyses, and thereby lead to rapid discovery of structures and interconnections in multivariate data which numerical tabulation alone does not always reveal. The aims are to exploit the exceptional expository powers of APL (including APL2) to describe and differentiate between techniques currently used in multivariate analysis, and also to demonstrate how functions developed for exposition can be immediately applied in exploratory data analysis.
Midterm results of balloon dilation of congenital aortic stenosis: Predictors of success

Objectives. We evaluated patient and procedural characteristics that influence the midterm success of balloon dilation of congenital aortic stenosis. Background. Balloon dilation is a new treatment for congenital aortic stenosis. Factors that influence midterm success are unknown. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of 148 children >1 month old who underwent balloon dilation for aortic stenosis. Results. Balloon dilation was successful in 87% of patients, with a procedural mortality rate of 0.7%. The average immediate peak to peak gradient reduction was 56.4 ± 19.9% (mean ± SD). Prior valvotomy was the only factor that significantly reduced the immediate gradient reduction after dilation (47.1 ± 21.8% vs. 57.8 ± 19.6%, p Conclusions. The 8-year survival rate after dilation was 95%, with 50% of patients free of repeat intervention. Factors that increased the risk for repeat intervention included symmetrically thin or thick aortic valve leaflets, regurgitation grade ≥3 after dilation and a high residual gradient after dilation. The incidence of repeat intervention after dilation was high owing to its palliative nature.
Stable splittings of BP for some P of order thirty-two

In this paper, we use the method of Benson and Feshbach outlined in “Stable splittings of classifying spaces of finite groups” (in Topology, Vol. 31, No. 1 (1992)) to give the complete, 2-complete stable splitting of the classifying space BP for all but two of the groups P of order thirty-two which are not direct products in a nontrivial way. One of these two is Z32, and B(Z32) is known to be indecomposable. For the other, P is the semidirect product of (Z2)4 and solZ2. This is the only nonabelian group of order 32 which is not a direct product and has a subgroup isomorphic to (Z2)4. We also give some results which refine the method of Benson and Feshbach. We have found that BP is indecomposable for three of these groups, and these are the first examples of indecomposable BP for which P is a nonabelian 2-group. Poincare series are given for each classifying space using Rusin's paper “The cohomology of the groups of order 32” (Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 53, No. 187 (1989)).
The Terrorist Calculus behind 9-11: A Model for Future Terrorism?

Terrorists commit lethal acts of violence in order to realize their goals and advance their causes. They have a mixed record of success. This article explores the question whether the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon outside of Washington, D.C. were successful from the perspective of bin Laden and the Al Qaeda group. Although stunningly triumphant in exploiting the news media for their publicity goals and partially successful in advancing some of their short-term political objectives, the architects of the kamikaze attacks of 9-11 did not realize, and perhaps not even further, their ultimate desire to provoke a cataclysmic clash between Muslims and what bin Laden calls the "Zionist-Crusader" alliance. The argument here is nevertheless that from the terrorist perspective the suicide terror of 9-11 was successful in many respects and could well become an attractive model for future terrorism.
Transplant Therapy: Recovery of Function after Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) result in devastating loss of function and altered sensation. Presently, victims of SCI have few remedies for the loss of motor function and the altered sensation often experienced subsequent to the injury. A goal in SCI research is to improve function in both acute and chronic injuries. Among the most successful interventions is the utilization of transplanted tissues toward improved recovery. The theory is that the transplanted tissue could (1) bridge the spinal lesion and provide chemical and/or mechanical guidance for host neurons to grow across the lesion, (2) bridge the spinal lesion and provide additional cellular elements to repair the damaged circuitry, (3) provide factors that would rescue neurons that would otherwise die and/or modulate neural circuits to improve function. A variety of tissues and cells have been added to the adult mammalian spinal cord to encourage restoration of function. These include Schwann cells, motor neurons, dorsal root ganglia, adrenal tissue, hybridomas, peripheral nerves, and fetal spinal cord (FSC) tissue en bloc or as disassociated cells. It is postulated that these tissues would rescue or replace injured adult neurons, which would then integrate or promote the regeneration of the spinal cord circuitry and restore function. In some instances, host-appropriate circuitry is supplied by the transplant and functional improvement is demonstrated. In this presentation, specific examples of recent work with transplanted tissue and cells that demonstrate improved behavioral outcome are presented. New recent work describing the in vitro propagation and characterization of human fetal spinal cord multipotential progenitor cells are also described in the context of a potential resource for transplantable cells. Additionally, data from transplantation experiments of human FSC cells into nonimmunosuppressed rat spinal cord are described, and the resultant improvements in behavioral outcome reported. Lastly, directions for future SCI research are proposed.
Development of [F-18]Fluorine-Substituted Tanaproget as a Progesterone Receptor Imaging Agent for Positron Emission Tomography

The level of progesterone receptors (PRs) in breast tumors can be used to guide the selection of endocrine therapies for breast cancer patients. To this end, we have prepared a fluorine-18 labeled analogue of Tanaproget, a nonsteroidal progestin with very high PR binding affinity and low affinity for androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, and have studied its tissue distribution in estrogen-primed rats to evaluate its potential for imaging PR levels by positron emission tomography. 4-[18F]Fluoropropyl-Tanaproget ([18F]9, FPTP) was prepared in three steps, within 140 min at an overall decay-corrected yield of 5% and effective specific activity of >550 Ci/mmol. In biodistribution studies, [18F]9 uptake was high in target tissues at both 1 and 3 h (uterus, 4.55 and 5.26%ID/g; ovary, 2.32 and 2.20%ID/g, respectively) and was cleanly blocked by coinjection of excess unlabeled compound. Uterus to blood and muscle activity ratios were 9.2 and 5.2 at 1 h and 32 and 26 at 3 h, respectively. The biodistribution of ...
Accurate Heats of Formation for PHn, PHn+, and PHn-

Accurate heats of formation are computed for PHn and PHn+, for n=1-3, and for PHn-, for n= 1-2. The geometries and vibrational frequencies are determined at the B3LYP level of theory. The energetics are determined at the CCSD(T) level of theory. Basis set limit values are obtained by extrapolation. Spin-orbit effects are taken from experiment. The temperature dependence of the heat of formation, heat capacity, and entropy are computed for the temperature range 300 to 4000 K and fit to a polynomial.
Why are voluntary head movements in cervical dystonia slow

Introduction Rapid head movements associated with a change in fixation (head saccades) have been reported to be slow in cervical dystonia (CD). Such slowing is typically measured as an increase in time to complete a movement. The mechanisms responsible for this slowing are poorly understood.
Age-dependent changes in hypothalamic catecholamine turnover rate following castration in turkeys.

Abstract Catecholamine (CA) turnover rates were determined in 6- and 10-week-old turkeys following castration. Dopamine (DA) turnover rates decreased while norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) turnover rates increased in 10-week-old, but not in 6-week-old, turkeys. The changes in CA turnover rates were accompanied by an enhanced release of LH. Administration of an inhibitor of CA synthesis, α-methyltyrosine (MT), reduced the LH rise that follows castration. The results provide additional evidence for the involvement of catecholaminergic mechanisms in LH release.
Microstructure study of CoCrPt/Ti/NiAl perpendicular media

Perpendicular medium with an average grain size of 8.2 nm with 20 nm thickness has been produced by using a-CoCrPt/Ti/NiAl tri-layer structure. The signal-to-noise ratio improves with the addition of a NiAl seed layer. From the TEM image analysis, the introduction of the NiAl seed layer may enhance the separation between the CoCrPt grains. The ultra-small grain size will improve the performance of perpendicular media for future high-density recording applications.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric patients with treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia.

The development of treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (tMDS) or treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemia (tAML) is a complication that can occur after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Eighteen patients with a previous malignancy treated at our institution and three patients with a nonmalignant primary tumor received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) on the pediatric bone marrow (BM) transplantation service for the treatment of tMDS/tAML over a 15-year period. Five patients proceeded to HSCT without induction chemotherapy. Fourteen patients received high-dose cytarabine according to the Capizzi II regimen as first-line induction therapy with 13 of them achieving complete remission (CR) or refractory anemia (RA) with persistent cytogenetic abnormalities after this treatment. Two patients received an anthracycline-based induction therapy. Conditioning regimens were selected according to previous therapies: 11 patients received busulfan-melphalan-fludarabine (BU-MEL-FLU), which consisted of busulfan (0.8 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours ×10 doses), melphalan (70 mg/m2/dose × two doses), and fludarabine (25 mg/m2/dose × five doses) for cytoreduction; three patients received a total body irradiation (TBI)-containing regimen; seven patients received myeloablative regimens containing busulfan and/or melphalan and/or thiotepa with doses modified for organ toxicity. Sixteen patients received T cell-depleted (TCD) grafts; four patients received unmodified grafts; one patient received a double-unit cord blood transplantation (DUCBT). Donors included HLA-matched (n = 9), or mismatched (n = 3) related donors, or HLA-matched (n = 4), or mismatched (n = 4) unrelated donors, or DUCBT (n = 1). Disease status at the time of HSCT was: morphologic and cytogenetic CR (n = 12); RA with positive cytogenetics (n = 6); and refractory disease (n = 3). With a median follow-up of 5.9 years (2.2-15.7 years), the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates for the entire group were 61.1% with 12 patients alive without evidence of either primary disease or tMDS/tAML. The OS and DFS rate for the 11 patients who received the BU-MEL-FLU cytoreduction with TCD grafts was 54.5%. DFS was 65.7% for patients in RA or CR at HSCT compared with 0% for patients with >5% residual marrow blasts (P = .015). Nine patients died; the cause of death was relapse of MDS/AML (n = 4) or primary disease (n = 2), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; n=2), and infection (n = 1). Four patients developed grade II to IV acute GVHD. One patient developed localized chronic GVHD. Our results suggest that the strategy of induction with high-dose cytarabine therapy followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation improves the overall outcome for patients with tMDS/tAML. In addition, the use of a TCD transplantation with BU-MEL-FLU as cytoreduction may decrease the toxicity of transplantation in heavily pretreated patients without an increase in relapse rate.
NMR a critical tool to study the production of carbon fiber from lignin

Abstract The structural changes occurring to hardwood Alcell™ lignin as a result of fiber devolatilization/extrusion, oxidative thermo-stabilization and carbonization are investigated in this study by solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. Solution based 1 H– 13 C correlation NMR of the un-spun Alcell™ lignin powder and extruded lignin fiber detected modest changes occurring due to fiber devolatilization/extrusion in the type and proportion of aliphatic side-chain carbons or monolignol inter-unit linkages. Molecular weight analysis by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), along with an additional 31 P NMR method used to indicate changes in terminal hydroxyl functionality, suggest fiber devolatilization/extrusion causes both chain scission and condensation reactions. 1 H CRAMPS (combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy) and 13 C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) spectra of extruded and stabilized lignin fibers indicate stabilization severely reduces the proportion of methoxy groups present, while also increasing the relative proportion of carbonyl and carboxyl-related structures, typically associated with cross-linking chemistries. 13 C direct-polarization/magic angle spinning (DP/MAS) analysis of stabilized and carbonized fibers shows an increased relative amount of carbon–carbon bonds on aryl structures and a relative decrease of aryl ethers. DP/MAS dipolar dephasing experiments suggest that a majority of non-protonated carbons convert from carbonyl to aryl and condensed aryl structures during carbonization.
Energy dependence of the mean-field potential for neutron scattering from 190,192Os and 194,196Pt.

An extensive set of neutron scattering cross sections for four shape-transitional nuclei, /sup 190,192/Os and /sup 194,196/Pt, have been examined to test recent mean-field concepts which relate scattering potentials to those which bind single particle levels in nuclei. Scattering observables for each of these four nuclei have been separately and exhaustively analyzed to fix the potential strengths and their dependence on incident neutron energy. The results of these analyses revealed potentials quite different than the usual ''Hartree-Fock type'' potentials arising from global analyses at higher particle energies. A dispersion relation, based on the imaginary parts of the optical model potential, is applied in these analyses. Not only can the nonlinear energy dependencies observed in the scattering potential be described with this method, the potential can be extrapolated to negative energies where it is constrained to fit bound states in the neutron-plus-nucleus system. This is the first report of dispersion corrections for potentials from coupled-channels analyses of scattering from highly collective nuclei.
A New Dental Superalloy System: II. Mechanical Properties

Cobalt-base alloys strengthened by intermetallic compounds of tantalum were prepared and tested. Some of the alloys were stronger and more ductile than conventional base-metal alloys.
Nuclear charge dispersion in the fragmentation mass region and the thermal liquid drop model

Abstract Differential cross sections for the emission of isotopically resolved fragments with A =11–28 in the interaction of 80–350 GeV/ c protons with krypton and xenon have been used to obtain the nuclear charge dispersion in the fragmentation mass region. The resulting curve has also been derived from the thermal liquid drop model. The charge dispersion is gaussian and has a mass dependent width.
Depressive-symptom onset during toddlerhood in a sample of depressed preschoolers: Implications for future investigations of major depressive disorder in toddlers†

This study investigated the occurrence of depressive symptoms prior to age 36 months as retrospectively reported by parents of preschoolers with clinical depression. The study provides some of the first empirical data on the manifestations of depressive symptoms during the toddler period, advancing existing theoretical and case-report literature. A sample of 301 (depressed, disruptive, and healthy) children between the ages of 3.0 and 6.0 years were screened and oversampled for depressive symptoms from community sites. Primary caregivers (parents) were interviewed about their child's symptoms of depression (as well as other symptoms of mental disorders and developmental parameters), and age of first onset of depressive symptoms was ascertained. Findings suggest that clinical-level symptoms of depression may arise as early as age 24 months. The domain of negative self-concept during the toddler period evidenced by self-deprecation and difficulty making choices emerged as the two strongest variables predictive of preschool depression. Our results suggest that prospective empirical studies of depressive symptoms in children younger than 3 years of age should now be undertaken.
Monitoring baseline suspended sediment in forested basins: the effects of sampling on suspended sediment rating curves

Rating curves are widely used for directly assessing changes in the suspended sediment delivery process and indirectly for estimating total yields. Four sampling methods were simulated over a 31-day record of suspended sediment from the North Fork of the Mad River near Korbel, California. The position and size of the four groups of plotted slope/intercept pairs indicated differences in bias and variance among the methods. Estimates of total yield for the 31-day period and for storms of three sizes were also biased according to sampling method. A standard bias-correcting technique improved yield estimates, but did not remove sampling bias uniformly. Methods of data collection have a large and systematic effect on the estimation of rating-curve parameters and on estimates of suspended sediment yield. Differences attributed to land management may, in fact, result from changes in sampling methods.
Accelerating Spark with RDMA for Big Data Processing: Early Experiences

Apache Hadoop Map Reduce has been highly successful in processing large-scale, data-intensive batch applications on commodity clusters. However, for low-latency interactive applications and iterative computations, Apache Spark, an emerging in-memory processing framework, has been stealing the limelight. Recent studies have shown that current generation Big Data frameworks (like Hadoop) cannot efficiently leverage advanced features (e.g. RDMA) on modern clusters with high-performance networks. One of the major bottlenecks is that these middleware are traditionally written with sockets and do not deliver the best performance on modern HPC systems with RDMA-enabled high-performance interconnects. In this paper, we first assess the opportunities of bringing the benefits of RDMA into the Spark framework. We further propose a high-performance RDMA-based design for accelerating data shuffle in the Spark framework on high-performance networks. Performance evaluations show that our proposed design can achieve 79-83% performance improvement for Group By, compared with the default Spark running with IP over Infini Band (IPoIB) FDR on a 128-256 core cluster. We adopt a plug-in-based approach that can make our design to be easily integrated with newer Spark releases. To the best our knowledge, this is the first design for accelerating Spark with RDMA for Big Data processing.
The child's conception of organization and recall

Abstract Children in kindergarten, third, and sixth grade were asked to compose lists of words which would be easy to recall. Organizational strategies were assessed by comparing lists designed for recall with ordinary free associations and by observing whether the lists served as units of organization in a subsequent free recall task. A developmental trend toward insight into the role of organization in recall was found. Organization by taxonomic category was the major strategy for generating lists for recall. No evidence could be found for the prior strategic use of other relationships.
Oxygen isotope compositions of selected laramide-tertiary granitoid stocks in the Colorado Mineral Belt and their bearing on the origin of climax-type granite-molybdenum systems

Quartz phenocrysts from 31 granitoid stocks in the Colorado Mineral Belt yield δ 18O values less than 10.4‰, with most values between 9.3 and 10.4‰. An average magmatic value of about 8.5‰ is suggested. The stocks resemble A-type granites; these data support magma genesis by partial melting of previously depleted, fluorine-enriched, lower crustal granulites, followed by extreme differentiation and volatile evolution in the upper crust. Subsolidus interaction of isotopically light water with stocks has reduced most feldspar and whole rock δ 18O values. Unaltered samples from Climax-type molybdenumbearing granites, however, show no greater isotopic disturbance than samples from unmineralized stocks. Although meteoric water certainly played a role in post-mineralization alteration, particularly in feldspars, it is not required during high-temperature mineralization processes. We suggest that slightly low δ 18O values in some vein and replacement minerals associated with molybdenum mineralization may have resulted from equilibration with isotopically light magmatic water and/or heavy isotope depletion of the ore fluid by precipitation of earlier phases. Accumulation of sufficient quantities of isotopically light magmatic water to produce measured depletions of 18O requires extreme chemical stratification in a large magma reservoir. Upward migration of a highly fractionated, volatile-rich magma into a small apical Climax-type diapir, including large scale transport of silica, alkalis, molybdenum, and other vapor soluble elements, may occur with depression of the solidus temperature and reduction of magma viscosity by fluorine. Climax-type granites may provide examples of 18O depletion in magmatic systems without meteoric water influx.
Protein mixed-disulfides in cardiac cells. S-thiolation of soluble proteins in response to diamide.

Abstract Protein mixed-disulfides in cultured rat heart cells were analyzed by gel electrophoresis under conditions that eliminated artifactual formation of these protein derivatives. Protein S -thiolation (protein mixed-disulfide formation) was detectable under normal culture conditions. Diamide oxidized intracelluar glutathione in these cells and produced extensive protein S -thiolation. The specificity of this protein modification indicates a role in the regulation of cardiac metabolism.
A 6-GeV Storage Ring: An Advanced Photon Research Facility.

The high brightness of synchrotron radiation produced by storage rings has enhanced research capability by factors of 10 6 to 10 8 , from the ultraviolet to the x-ray region. There has been a steady growth in synchrotron radiation research of interest in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and the other physical sciences and their associated technologies. A large number of university, government, and industrial research organizations are utilizing this new capability at existing facilities. In the process, new partnerships have been created among these communities that have enabled each to contribute its expertise and to obtain its needed capability. A 6—gigaelectron volt storage ring, designed for use with periodic magnetic insertion devices called wigglers and undulators, has been proposed; such a facility could provide further enhancements of 10 4 to 10 6 in capability and could double the synchrotron radiation research capacity in the United States. This enhanced capability and capacity will provide new opportunities for a broad range of scientific and technological interests.
Vibration Characteristics of a Composite Beam Containing an Electrorheological Fluid

The complex moduli of a composite consisting of a hollow beam filled with an electrorheological (ER) fluid were obtained by analyzing the beam's motion in free oscillation. The beam was considered to be a uniform viscoelastic material and was modeled as a damped harmonic oscillator. Hydrous-based ER fluids consisting of either cornstarch-corn oil or zeolite-silicone oil mixtures with varying amounts of solids and water content were employed, along with electric field intensities ranging from 0.0 to 1.7 × 103 kV/m. Rheological data were also obtained for the fluids A linear correlation between the two components of the moduli and fluid strength was observed, which was ex plained in terms of fluid structure and particle polarization
Comparison of morphology and syntax in free narrative and structured tests: fluent vs. nonfluent aphasics.

Abstract Seven agrammatic Broca's and seven paragrammatic conduction aphasics were evaluated on a free narrative story elicitation test and on a structured, cross-modal morphology and syntax battery (MSB). The latter permitted comparison of the same set of morphosyntactic forms in both production and comprehension. Results suggests distinctive oral production profiles, with agrammatics inferior to paragrammatics in use of auxiliaries, verb inflection and passive word order. Only agrammatics commonly omitted articles or main verbs. The use of noun plurals and possessivesdid not discriminate between the groups. The two groups did not differ in level of performance on MSB comprehension subtests, and the order of difficulty among the comprehension subtests was unrelated to their difficulty for production. This suggests that the source of agrammatic production errors is independent of comprehension errors. The production of targeted constructions on the MSB, an easily scored instrument, closely paralleled production in free narrative.
Effect of Zr-Doping on the Chemical Stability and Hydrogen Permeation of the Ni−BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-α Mixed Protonic−Electronic Conductor

Successful development of hydrogen separation membranes based on mixed ionic and electronic conductors may improve the economics of hydrogen production. While high proton conductivity has been reported for many perovskite-type oxides in a humid atmosphere, materials with both high proton conductivity and good chemical stability under conditions for practical hydrogen separation are yet to be developed. In this paper, we report the effect of Zr-doping in BZCYs [Ba(Zr0.8-xCexY0.2)O3-α] (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) on the proton conductivity and chemical stability. A novel Ni−BZCY7 [Ni−Ba(Zr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2)O3-α] cermet (metal−ceramic composite) membrane appears to have not only high proton conductivity but also adequate stability in a CO2- and H2O-containing atmosphere.
Severe cyclophosphamide hemorrhagic cystitis controlled with phenol.

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan) is an alkylating agent used extensively in the chemotherapy of leukemia, lymphomas, and selected solid tumors. Experimentally, cyclophosphamide is currently used for the treatment of steroid-resistant nephrosis in children. The drug is inert as administered orally or systemically but is metabolized to form a potent cytotoxic agent that is excreted in the urine. Adverse reactions include leukopenia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, vesical fibrosis, and sterile hemorrhagic cystitis. It is this last complication that may reach such severe proportions that hemorrhage cannot be controlled by conventional means. The usual cyclophosphamide cystitis is characterized by dysuria, urgency, and gross or microscopic hematuria. Approximately 7% of patients undergoing cyclophosphamide therapy develop this complication. 1,2 Cystoscopically, the bladder appears edematous and hyperemic, with multiple punctate hemorrhagic areas. Histologically, telangiectasia of subepithelial blood vessels can be found. In the great majority of cases a spontaneous remission of the hemorrhage will result with cessation of the drug and forced hydration, 3–8 but occasionally more aggressive measures must be taken to control the bleeding. Local fulgeration with the resectoscope or ball-tip electrode is usually unsuccessful, probably due to the further local mucosal breakdown with the fulgerating current. Suprapubic placement of a cystostomy tube will make irrigations more effective. Bilateral ureteral catheterizations or nephrostomies may be used to divert the cytotoxic urine. Division of the hypogastric vessels is ineffective. Unfortunately, urinary diversion into an ileal conduit may be the only means of control for this severe complication. 9–11
Space transportation architecture study overview

Abstract This paper covers the scope of the Space Transportation Architecture Study (STAS), summarizes the findings derived to date from this multi-task effort, and indicates its relationship to the recently initiated heavy-lift launch vehicle definition effort. The study is being jointly funded and directed by the Department of Defense (DoD) and NASA. Purposes of the study are to identify attractive architectural and transportation system options, establish technology road maps and decision points for the implementation of the next generation of space transportation systems, and prepare conceptual design definitions, programmatic data, and technology plans for selected mid-to-late 1990s transportation systems. This STAS overview covers the mission model sets considered and the resulting preferred architecture options. Trends and findings to date are presented along with specific observations relative to requirements for future launch vehicles.
Wittgenstein's Private Language Argument and Children's Understanding of the Mind

Abstract A theoretical statement about children's understanding of the mind is derived from Wittgenstein's private language argument. Wittgenstein argued that understanding the mind is a process embedded in acquiring the rules governing the use of linguistic expressions about the mind. These rules are publicly agreed upon and, therefore, separable from one's subjective phenomenological experiences. The implications of this argument for theories which hold that children's understanding of the mind is based upon introspective insight (simulation view) and those which hold that understanding the mind is based upon the acquisition of a theory (theory view) are discussed. Developmental evidence illustrating Wittgenstein's private language argument and its differences from the simulation and theory views is presented. Points of compatibility between the theory view and Wittgenstein's private language argument are discussed. The paper closes by framing Wittgenstein's view in the broader context of children's linguistic and conceptual development and discussing the implications of these relations for future research.
Topological realizations of families of ergodic automorphisms, multitowers and orbit equivalence

We study minimal topological realizations of families of ergodic measure preserving automorphisms (e.m.p.a.'s). Our main result is the following theorem. Theorem: Let {Tp:p∈I} be an arbitrary finite or countable collection of e.m.p.a.'s on nonatomic Lebesgue probability spaces (Y p v p ). Let S be a Cantor minimal system such that the cardinality of the set e S of all ergodic S-invariant Borel probability measures is at least the cardinality of I. Then for any collection {μ p :peI} of distinct measures from e S there is a Cantor minimal system S′ in the topological orbit equivalence class of S such that, as a measure preserving system, (S 1,μ p ) is isomorphic to Tp for every p∈I. Moreover, S′ can be chosen strongly orbit equivalent to S if and only if all finite topological factors of S are measure-theoretic factors of Tp for all p∈I. This result shows, in particular, that there are no restrictions at all for the topological realizations of countable families of e.m.p.a.'s in Cantor minimal systems. Namely, for any finite or countable collection {T 1,T2,…} of e.m.p.a.'s of nonatomic Lebesgue probability spaces, there is a Cantor minimal systemS, whose collection {μ1,μ2…} of ergodic Borel probability measures is in one-to-one correspondence with {T 1,T2,…}, and such that (S,μ i ) is isomorphic toT i for alli. Furthermore, since realizations are taking place within orbit equivalence classes of a given Cantor minimal system, our results generalize the strong orbit realization theorem and the orbit realization theorem of [18]. Those theorems are now special cases of our result where the collections {T p}, {T p }{µ p } consist of just one element each.
Recovery from heart failure with circulatory assist: a working group of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Abstract Background Over the past decade, mechanical circulatory support has been beneficial as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, and anecdotal evidence suggests that heart failure patients fitted with mechanical assist devices experience direct cardiac benefits. Moreover, recent trials on limited numbers and subpopulations of patients—notably the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (REMATCH)—support earlier observations of improved cardiac function and point towards the use of assist devices as destination therapy. Methods and results To investigate this phenomenon, on August 2–3, 2001, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened the working group, “Recovery from Heart Failure with Circulatory Assist” in Bethesda, Maryland. The team included cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and experts in experimental research. The goal was to prioritize recommendations to guide future programs in: (1) elucidating the mechanisms leading to reverse remodeling associated with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD); (2) exploring advanced treatments, including novel pharmacologies, tissue engineering, and cell therapies, to optimize recovery with LVAD therapy; and (3) identifying target genes, proteins, and cellular pathways to focus on for production of novel therapies for myocardial recovery and cardiovascular disease. Conclusions The working group also made research and clinical recommendations to eventually translate findings into improved therapeutic strategies and device design: (1) support collaborations among clinical and basic scientists with an emphasis on clinical/translational research that might eventually lead to clinical trials; (2) identify candidate patients most likely to benefit from LVAD as a destination therapy; (3) explore potential biomarkers indicating when patients could most successfully be weaned from devices; and (4) promote clinical and experimental study of mechanically assisted organs and the tissue derived from them.
Use of 115 kb/s infra-red interface for mobile multimedia

This paper introduces the current status of the 115 kb/s infra-red interface that has been designed to connect PDAs, sub-notebooks and other portable computers to cellphones. Experience from mobile multimedia trials has enabled us to identify key issues with mobile multimedia communications. These potential problems are addressed using infra-red communications, as proposed by the Infra-Red Data Communications Association (IRDA), to firstly decouple the functions of the mobile phone and mobile computing device, and secondly to provide a simple and inexpensive communications interface. We outline the key issues and introduce the Hewlett-Packard Serial Infra-Red Link (HP SIR) before reviewing the current proposal.
Experimental Brain Ischemia: Protection From Irreversible Damage With a Rapid-Acting Barbiturate (Methohexital)

Experimental brain ischemia was produced in rabbits by coupling systemic hypotension and hypoxia. The animals were paralyzed with succinylcholine and ventilated mechanically. Durally implanted electrodes were used to monitor the severity of ischemia. Five minutes of an isoelectric EEG produced irreversible brain damage in most of the rabbits. Four rabbits receiving the rapid-acting barbiturate, methohexital, in the dosage of 5 mg/kg at the onset of the isoelectric EEG showed complete protection from detectable ischemic damage and recovered dramatically. It is suggested that suppression of brain metabolism with barbiturates during cerebral ischemia is worthy of clinical assessment.
The design of arbitrary FIR digital filters using the eigenfilter method

The design of finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters for approximating an arbitrary function (in both magnitude and phase) in the least-square sense is studied. The design method is based on the computation of an eigenvector of an appropriate real, symmetric and positive-definite matrix. The design of the complex-coefficient filter is shown to be an extension of the design of the real-coefficient filter. Several design examples, including the constant-group-delay filters and digital phase all-pass filters, are presented. Comparisons to existing methods are made. >
A Symmetric Axis-based Method for Measuring the Projected Femoral Angle of Inclination in Dogs

A new, simple and more consistent method for measuring the projected angle of inclination of the canine femoral neck was devised and tested. This method, based on the principles of symmetric axis (symax) shape analysis, was compared with three other techniques currently in use. Diplomates of the ACVR or ACVS and senior veterinary students were asked to perform measurements of the angle of inclination using the four methods, record their results, and answer several questions about the techniques. Although greater precision was not evident when performed by diplomates, descriptive statistics and a significant difference among the student-derived variances of the four methods demonstrated that the symax-based measurements were most consistent.
Factors influencing the immunization status of children in a rural setting.

Abstract Introduction: The purposes of this study were to (a) assess parental perceptions of their decision making regarding children's vaccinations and (b) describe parents' evaluation of immunization services provided by rural clinics/offices. Methods: A qualitative design was used in this study, which was conducted in rural Missouri. Twelve mothers of children younger than age 3 years with fewer than the recommended number of immunizations were interviewed using a semistructured format. The interview results were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: The following parental perceptions were identified as factors related to immunizations in this rural setting: knowledge of communicable diseases and vaccines, misperceptions about communicable diseases and vaccines, past experiences, competing tasks, transportation, health care personnel, need for reminders, health system, and cost. Discussion: Two findings unique to this study were the importance of relationships with health care providers and the challenge of competing tasks. These findings, combined with the other factors identified, reinforced the importance of rural health care providers' maintaining a strong relationship with clients, providing accurate and timely information, and ensuring a readily accessible health care system. J Pediatr Health Care. (2000). 14 , 117–121.
The utility of a brief memory screen in the diagnosis of mild memory impairment in the elderly: preliminary study.

Objective: This study evaluated the utility of the Florida Brief Memory Screen (FBMS), a new memory screening measure developed for Spanish-speaking and English-speaking subjects, which takes only 3–4 minutes to administer. Methods: The FBMS was administered to 25 patients with probable Alzheimer disease, 23 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 80 cognitively normal elderly. Results: The FBMS evidenced good test-retest reliability and high correlation with standard measures of memory. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the FBMS correctly classified 100% of patients with probable Alzheimer disease and 87.5% of normal elderly subjects. Sensitivity and specificity for patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment was 82.6% and 87.5%, respectively. Performance on the FBMS was generally independent of the effects of age, education, or primary language. Conclusion: The FBMS is a reliable and a valid measure when screening for memory impairment in the elderly and when determining whether a more extensive evaluation is warranted.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Tornado Fatalities in the United States: 1880–2005

Abstract A dataset of killer tornadoes is compiled and analyzed spatially in order to assess region-specific vulnerabilities in the United States from 1880 to 2005. Results reveal that most tornado fatalities occur in the lower–Arkansas, Tennessee, and lower–Mississippi River valleys of the southeastern United States—a region outside of traditional “tornado alley.” Analysis of variables including tornado frequency, land cover, mobile home density, population density, and nocturnal tornado probabilities demonstrates that the relative maximum of fatalities in the Deep South and minimum in the Great Plains may be due to the unique juxtaposition of both physical and social vulnerabilities. The spatial distribution of these killer tornadoes suggests that the above the national average mobile home density in the Southeast may be a key reason for the fatality maximum found in this area. A demographic analysis of fatalities during the latter part of the database record illustrates that the middle aged and elderly...
Effects of sattelite spin on ground-received signal

This report presents an analysis of those characteristics of the radio signal received on the ground from an artificial earth satellite which are caused by satellite spin. It is shown that if the spin axis of the satellite does not coincide with the axis of symmetry of the satellite antenna system, a CW transmitted signal will be split into three closely spaced spectral components in a manner similar to the Zeeman effect in atomic spectra. The relative amplitudes of the three spectral components are calculated for various combinations of satellite antenna type, ground antenna type, antenna observation angle, and angle between the spin axis and antenna symmetry axis of the satellite, and the significance of these results is discussed.
Extending Quality of Video Streaming with Dynamic Isochrones Resource Mapping to Ethernet Channels

With the introduction of network ready cameras, the concurrent support of high quality uncompressed video and extended connectivity is required. Although the IEEE 1394 standard (Firewire) is best in supporting high quality uncompressed video, it has too limited cable range. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel system which extends Firewire high quality video to a long range Ethernet network. The proposed system dynamically maps isochrones channels to Ethernet multicast quality of service guaranteed channels. The system is implemented on a chip, and is tested experimentally.