cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD EXTRACTION COMPLICATIONS

Lead extraction can have serious complications, such as vascular avulsion or cardiac perforation. Evaluation of success and complication rates in single centers is important as there is no well-defined reported complication prediction model for this procedure. All patients undergoing lead
Abstract 89: Utility of Stress Echocardiography in Cocaine Associated Chest Pain

Background: Patients presenting with Cocaine associated chest pain are typically younger than patients with traditional risk factors but are at risk for accelerated Coronary artery disease. Radiation exposure associated with modes of stress testing such as Coronary CT or SPECT, makes it concerning especially in young females of childbearing age group presenting with cocaine associated chest pain. Stress echocardiography avoids radiation exposure, is more cost effective, saves time and adds to diagnostic information especially in patients with chest pain. However, safety of stress echocardiography has not been well studied in cocaine positive patients. Pharmacological testing with dobutamine raises concerns regarding provoking vasospasm or an exaggerated hypertensive response in these patients due to excessive sympathetic stimulation. Hypertensive response with stress testing can cause wall motion abnormalities without coronary disease and affect specificity of stress echocardiography. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who presented with chest pain and underwent stress echocardiography and had toxicology screen for cocaine positive during that visit. Cocaine positive patients were compared with age matched cocaine negative patients and assessed for hypertensive response, ischemic changes and complications during stress echocardiography. Results: No sustained arrhythmias, cardiac arrests or major complications occurred in both groups and overall safety in cocaine positive patients was similar to the control group both with treadmill and dobutamine stress echocardiography. Incidence of hypertensive response was not increased compared to controls with both exercise and dobutamine stress testing. Conclusion: Stress echocardiography appears to be a safe and useful procedure for risk stratification for cocaine associated chest pain patients once acute coronary syndrome is ruled out. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function

Numerous acquired disorders are associated with decreased platelet function and a mucocutaneous bleeding diathesis. Abnormalities in multiple aspects of platelet function, including adhesion, aggregation, secretion and platelet procoagulant activity, have been described in these diseases, and the underlying mechanisms are different. Platelet dysfunction associated with diseases, including renal failure, myeloproliferative diseases, and leukemias, and with administration of various pharmacologic agents and food substances, is reviewed in this Chapter.
British Feminism in the Second World War

The Second World War introduced destabilizing forces that threatened to undermine gender and class hierarchies. Although the British home front used to be viewed as an example of total war generating social unity, historians now are more aware of the ways in which the war heightened gender and class tensions as the equal citizenship rhetoric aroused expectations inconsistent with gender and class structures.1 As a result, recent studies have focused on explaining how the wartime pressures for change were contained or diverted into less threatening channels.2
The muscle quality index and mortality among males and females

Abstract Purpose The muscle quality index (MQI) was proposed as a measure to quantify age-related alterations in muscle function. It is unknown if the MQI predicts mortality. Methods This was a population-based cohort study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III; 1988–1994). The MQI was quantified using a timed sit-to-stand test, body mass, and leg length. Vital status was obtained through the National Center for Health Statistics. We fit multivariable-adjusted regression models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between the MQI and mortality. Results During 14.6 years of follow-up, 3299 (73.1%) of 4510 study participants died. Lower MQI was associated with a higher risk of mortality (Ptrend Conclusions The MQI predicts mortality and may differ between males and females. Additional research examining the MQI is warranted.
Rotation-invariance can further improve state-of-the-art blind deconvolution techniques

In many real-life situations, we need to reconstruct a blurred image in situations when no information about the blurring is available. This problem is known as the problem of blind deconvolution. There exist techniques for solving this problem, but these techniques are not rotation-invariant. Thus, the result of using this technique may change with rotation. So, if we rotate the image a little bit, the method, in general, leads to a different deconvolution result. Therefore, even when the original reconstruction is optimal, the reconstruction of a rotated image will be different and, thus, not optimal. To improve the quality of image decomposition, it is desirable to modify the current state-of-the art techniques by making them rotation-invariant. In this paper, we show how this can be done, and we show that this indeed improves the quality of blind deconvolution.
A Petrov–Galerkin spectral element method for fractional elliptic problems

Abstract We develop a new C 0 -continuous Petrov–Galerkin spectral element method for one-dimensional fractional elliptic problems of the form 0 D x α u ( x ) − λ u ( x ) = f ( x ) , α ∈ ( 1 , 2 ] , subject to homogeneous boundary conditions. We employ the standard (modal) spectral element basis and the Jacobi poly-fractonomials as the test functions (Zayernouri and Karniadakis (2013)). We formulate a new procedure for assembling the global linear system from elemental (local) mass and stiffness matrices. The Petrov–Galerkin formulation requires performing elemental (local) construction of mass and stiffness matrices in the standard domain only once. Moreover, we efficiently obtain the non-local (history) stiffness matrices, in which the non-locality is presented analytically for uniform grids. We also investigate two distinct choices of basis/test functions: (i) local basis/test functions, and (ii) local basis with global test functions. We show that the former choice leads to a better-conditioned system and accuracy, while the latter results in ill-conditioned linear systems, and therefore, that is not an efficient and a proper choice of test function. We consider smooth and singular solutions, where the singularity can occur at boundary points as well as in the interior domain. We also construct two non-uniform grids over the whole computational domain in order to capture singular solutions. Finally, we perform a systematic numerical study of non-local effects via full and partial history fading in order to further enhance the efficiency of the scheme.
Evaporation on a Planar Interface – Numerical Simulation and Theoretical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transport Processes

Abstract Numerical simulation of evaporation and boiling processes is of great relevance in developing a deeper insight into the mechanisms governing these phenomena. In developing the underlying numerical codes, their validation with theoretical models is essential. Previous models have in general relied on the basic case of evaporation from saturated vapor to superheated liquid separated by a planar or curved interface. However, different liquid and vapor conditions are employed in simulating complex evaporation/boiling processes. This chapter conveys eight different cases classified under the Stefan problem that employ different combinations of a saturated, subcooled, or superheated liquid phase and a saturated or superheated vapor phase along with the same or different phase densities. Numerical procedures and theoretical equations for these cases are presented over a planar surface. These cases are recommended for validating numerical codes developed for simulating the evaporation/boiling processes. Specific examples are also given using the commercial software ANSYS-Fluent to demonstrate the validation techniques presented in this chapter.
Phase I study of cord blood-derived natural killer cells combined with autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with known immune dysregulation. Natural killer (NK) cells have shown preclinical activity in MM. We conducted a first-in-human study of umbilical cord blood-derived (CB) NK cells for MM patients undergoing high dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). Patients received lenalidomide (10 mg) on days -8 to -2, melphalan 200 mg/m2 on day -7, CB-NK cells on day -5 and auto-HCT on day 0. Twelve patients were enrolled, three on each of four CB-NK cell dose levels: 5 × 106 , 1 × 107 , 5 × 107 and 1 × 108 CB-NK cells/kg. Ten patients had either high-risk chromosomal changes or a history of relapsed/progressed disease. There were no infusional toxicities and no graft-versus-host disease. One patient failed to engraft due to poor autologous graft quality and was rescued with a back-up autologous graft. Overall, 10 patients achieved at least a very good partial response as their best response, including eight with near complete response or better. With a median follow-up of 21 months, four patients have progressed or relapsed, two of whom have died. CB-NK cells were detected in vivo in six patients, with an activated phenotype (NKG2D+ /NKp30+ ). These data warrant further development of this novel cellular therapy.
An empirical, hierarchical typology of tree species assemblages for assessing forest dynamics under global change scenarios

The composition of tree species occurring in a forest is important and can be affected by global change drivers such as climate change. To inform assessment and projection of global change impacts at broad extents, we used hierarchical cluster analysis and over 120,000 recent forest inventory plots to empirically define forest tree assemblages across the U.S., and identified the indicator and dominant species associated with each. Cluster typologies in two levels of a hierarchy of forest assemblages, with 29 and 147 groups respectively, were supported by diagnostic criteria. Groups in these two levels of the hierarchy were labeled based on the top indicator species in each, and ranged widely in size. For example, in the 29-cluster typology, the sugar maple-red maple assemblage contained the largest number of plots (30,068), while the butternut-sweet birch and sourwood-scarlet oak assemblages were both smallest (6 plots each). We provide a case-study demonstration of the utility of the typology for informing forest climate change impact assessment. For five assemblages in the 29-cluster typology, we used existing projections of changes in importance value (IV) for the dominant species under one low and one high climate change scenario to assess impacts to the assemblages. Results ranged widely for each scenario by the end of the century, with each showing an average decrease in IV for dominant species in some assemblages, including the balsam fir-quaking aspen assemblage, and an average increase for others, like the green ash-American elm assemblage. Future work should assess adaptive capacity of these forest assemblages and investigate local population- and community-level dynamics in places where dominant species may be impacted. This typology will be ideal for monitoring, assessing, and projecting changes to forest communities within the emerging framework of macrosystems ecology, which emphasizes hierarchies and broad extents.
Development and Validation of 2D Difference Intensity Analysis for Chemical Library Screening by Protein-Detected NMR Spectroscopy.

An academic chemical screening approach was developed by using 2D protein-detected NMR, and a 352-chemical fragment library was screened against three different protein targets. The approach was optimized against two protein targets with known ligands: CXCL12 and BRD4. Principal component analysis reliably identified compounds that induced nonspecific NMR crosspeak broadening but did not unambiguously identify ligands with specific affinity (hits). For improved hit detection, a novel scoring metric-difference intensity analysis (DIA)-was devised that sums all positive and negative intensities from 2D difference spectra. Applying DIA quickly discriminated potential ligands from compounds inducing nonspecific NMR crosspeak broadening and other nonspecific effects. Subsequent NMR titrations validated chemotypes important for binding to CXCL12 and BRD4. A novel target, mitochondrial fission protein Fis1, was screened, and six hits were identified by using DIA. Screening these diverse protein targets identified quinones and catechols that induced nonspecific NMR crosspeak broadening, hampering NMR analyses, but are currently not computationally identified as pan-assay interference compounds. The results established a streamlined screening workflow that can easily be scaled and adapted as part of a larger screening pipeline to identify fragment hits and assess relative binding affinities in the range of 0.3-1.6 mm. DIA could prove useful in library screening and other applications in which NMR chemical shift perturbations are measured.
Teaching and Learning Representations in STEM

Context in the STEM is a critical factor in learning. Context can be delivered in various ways depending on the form of the final product. Research shows that representations are very effective in conveying knowledge because they help learners visualize abstract ideas and diversify the forms of information. This chapter discusses the effects of representations on learning and attempts to answer a question why representations support knowledge acquisition and retention. Representations can function in two primary capacities: as provided by the instructor or produced by the learners. Being able to gain understanding using representations and constructing representations is one of the most critical factors in supporting knowledge retention. What are the features of well-designed representations and how they affect knowledge processing are other questions that this chapter also attempts to answer.
Abstract 141: Why Did My Patient Die? Deaths Following Coronary Angioplasty

Objective: To examine causes of death not captured by current risk factor adjustment following coronary angioplasty. Background: NYS tracks and reports in-hospital/30-day deaths during or following...
The fundamental problem of confounding by medical operability in retrospective comparisons of surgery versus stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage lung cancer.

The standard of care for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lobectomy with lymph node (LN) dissection (1). Sublobar resection [e.g., wedge resection (WR) or anatomic segmentectomy] is an alternative for patients unsuitable for lobectomy, owing to a greater degree of lung preservation and potentially less postoperative morbidity and/or mortality (2). However, the broader candidacy of sublobar resection comes at the theoretical expense of a decrease in the “oncologic quality” of resection, which may lead to poorer tumor-related outcomes.
MPI Cluster System Software

We describe the use of MPI for writing system software and tools, an area where it has not been previously applied. By “system software” we mean collections of tools used for system management and operations. We describe the common methodologies used for system software development, together with our experiences in implementing three items of system software with MPI. We demonstrate that MPI can bring significant performance and other benefits to system software.
Dilute Chemical Decontamination Program Review

It is desirable to reduce radiation exposure to workers in nuclear power plants to values that are as low as reasonably achievable. One method of reducing occupational exposure is to reduce the source of the exposure. Decontamination of the primary coolant system would reduce shutdown radiation levels and occupational radiation exposure in nuclear power plants.
The modified Gibson approach to the acetabulum

Providing a surgical approach similar to the Kocher–Langenbeck but having improved anterosuperior access, less risk of injury to branches of the inferior gluteal nerve supplying the anterior portion of the gluteus maximus muscle, and improved cosmesis. Any surgery that would otherwise call for the Kocher–Langenbeck approach. Fractures of the anterior column and/or wall; transtectal T-shaped fractures. Transverse fractures and infra/juxtatectal T-shaped fractures having the major displacement anteriorly at the pelvic brim with only minor posterior displacement. Exposure of the acetabulum fracture through a straight skin incision, developing the plane between the anterior border of the gluteus maximus muscle and the tensor fasciae latae. The gluteus maximus is reflected posteriorly to reveal the underlying deep anatomic structures. Thromboprophylaxis and prophylaxis as indicated for the prevention of heterotopic ossification are instituted. The patient is mobilized as quickly as the associated injuries will allow. Toe-touch weight-bearing is continued for 10–12 weeks. However, progression to full weight-bearing should be individualized. Between 1996 and 2000, 16 patients having a fracture of the acetabulum were operated on through the modified Gibson approach with 15 patients followed up for 1 year or more. Fracture types were posterior wall in eight patients, transverse in one, posterior column and wall in two, transverse and posterior wall in four, and T-shaped in one. There were no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications. Clinical outcome was determined using a modification of the method developed by Merle d’Aubigne and Postel and was good-to-excellent in 14 patients and poor in one (a patient who developed osteonecrosis of the femoral head unrelated to the approach).
Distribution, elimination, and residues of [14C]clenbuterol HCl in Holstein calves.

Clenbuterol HCl is a β-adrenergic agonist that has been used illegally in Europe and the United States by some livestock producers to increase carcass leanness. The objectives of this study were to determine the metabolic disposition, distribution of radioactivity, and the concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues after a single oral dose of [ 14 C] clenbuterol HCl in calves. [ 14 C]Clenbuterol HCl (1.59 μCi/mg, 3 mg/kg BW) was administered to a 74- and a 96-kg Holstein bull calf as a single oral dose. Blood samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after dosing; urine and feces were collected separately and placed into respective pools from 0 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h after dosing. At 48 h after dosing, calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated, and visceral organs, bile, eyes, brain, skeletal muscle, skin, adipose tissue, and the remainder of the carcass were collected. Tissues were processed by coarse grinding through a Hobart grinder, followed by homogenization on dry ice. Eyes were dissected and the various tissues and excreta were assayed for total radiocarbon content by combustion analysis and(or) liquid scintillation counting. Parent clenbuterol was measured in selected tissues by HPLC after solvent extraction. Urinary, fecal, and carcass radioactivity averaged 41.5 + 8.1, 2.4 +.4, and 52.3 + 8.7% of the dose, respectively (mean + SD.). Average total recovery of radiocarbon was 96.2 +.4 %. Radioactive residues present in carcasses averaged (ppm; mean + SD.): blood,.6 +.2; heart, 1.4 +.0; lungs, 8.4 + 1.7; spleen, 2.6 +.3; liver, 5.0 +.4; kidney, 5.9 +.0; brain, 1.9 +.4; adipose tissue, 1.1 +.2; rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, 2.3 +.4; small intestine, 3.2 +.3; large intestine, 4.0 +.4; skeletal muscle, 1.0 +.2; bile, 12.5 + 4.0; white skin,.7 +.1; black skin, 4.0 +.7; remainder of the carcass, 1.0 +.2. Ocular residues were as follows: aqueous humor, 6.3 + 1.2; cornea, 13.5 + 8.6; iris, 255.8 + 167.0; lens, 2.3 + 1.5; vitreous humor, 2.2 +.4; retina/choroid, 84.5 + 34.1; sclera, 11.1 + 2.1. Mean concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues were (ppm; mean + SD): lung, 6.8 +.9; liver, 2.2 +.5; kidney, 3.7 +.5; and heart,.9 + .1. Parent clenbuterol represented from 43.9% of the total residue in liver to 81.2% of the total residue in lung.
The Problem of Absenteeism and Presenteeism in the Workplace

It is common knowledge that the cost of health care for employees and their dependents is an important consideration for employees, employers, and insurance providers. Much is focused on the expenditures often referred to as “direct costs,” such as those related to premiums, disability, physician appointments, specialists, prescriptions, and emergency care. However, within the work environment, there are hidden costs related with poor health. Commonly termed “indirect costs,” these costs are most often associated with worker absenteeism and presenteeism. Absenteeism refers to the absence of a worker due to illness (either a personal illness or as a caretaker for a sick dependent). When employees are absent from work, it often creates a burden on the company not only for lost productivity but also for those who are responsible for the sick employee’s neglected work. Presenteeism, on the other hand, refers to employees who are legitimately ill but continue to come to work. There are inherent problems with presentees: (1) if they are contagious, they put other employees at risk of becoming ill and (2) being ill often reduces the level of productivity and the quality of work. Indeed, in an analysis of the costs associated with both direct and indirect health-related issues, Hemp (2004) identified that, on average, medical and pharmaceutical costs (direct costs) only account for 24 % of the total health-related costs for employers. An examination of the indirect costs showed that 1 % was allotted for long-term disability, 6 % for short-term disability, and 6 % for absenteeism. Strikingly, 63 % of the health-care costs were attributed to presenteeism.
Gender differences in role models and academic functioning among jamaican high schools students

There have been concerns among Jamaican scholars that students‟ role models (RMs) contribute to gender differences in academic functioning in Jamaica. The current study empirically investigated gender differences in the RMs of 269 fifth form traditional high school students in Jamaica and relations between RM choice and academic attitudes, goals and achievement. Using mixed qualitative/quantitative research methods, 9 categories of RMs emerged. Consistent with international research findings, parents were by far the most frequently selected RMs. As predicted, most students had gender-matched RMs and more boys reported celebrity RMs. Having a celebrity/glamorized RM or a very distant RM was related to poorer academic functioning for both boys and girls; however, having a gender-mismatched RM was not. Findings are discussed in the context of North American research on students‟ RMs and gender socialization in the Caribbean.
Restoring self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases by enhancing regulatory T-cells.

Abstract Self-tolerance, the state of unresponsiveness to self-tissues/antigens, is maintained through central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, and a breach of these mechanisms leads to autoimmune diseases. Foxp3 + T-regulatory cells (Tregs) play an essential role in suppressing autoimmune response directed against self-antigens and thereby regulate self-tolerance. Natural Tregs are differentiated in the thymus on the basis of their higher TCR-affinity to self-antigens and migrate to the periphery where they maintain peripheral tolerance. In addition, extra-thymic differentiation of induced Tregs can occur in the periphery which can control abrupt immune responses under inflammatory conditions. A defect in Treg cell numbers and/or function is found to be associated with the development of autoimmune disease in several experimental models and human autoimmune diseases. Moreover, augmentation of Tregs has been shown to be beneficial in treating autoimmunity in preclinical models, and Treg based cellular therapy has shown initial promise in clinical trials. However, emerging studies have identified an unstable subpopulation of Tregs which expresses pro-inflammatory cytokines under both homeostatic and autoimmune conditions, as well as in ex vivo cultures. In addition, clinical translation of Treg cellular therapy is impeded by limitations such as lack of easier methods for selective expansion of Tregs and higher cost associated with GMP-facilities required for cell sorting, ex vivo expansion and infusion of ex vivo expanded Tregs. Here, we discuss the recent advances in molecular mechanisms regulating Treg differentiation, Foxp3 expression and lineage stability, the role of Tregs in the prevention of various autoimmune diseases, and critically review their clinical utility for treating human autoimmune diseases.
Technical Note—Understanding the Performance of Capped Base-Stock Policies in Lost-Sales Inventory Models

Single-sourcing lost-sales inventory systems with lead times are notoriously difficult to optimize. In this paper, we propose a new family of capped base-stock policies and provide a new perspectiv...
Unique hue stimulus selection using Munsell color chips under different chroma levels and illumination conditions

To determine the role of chroma and illumination conditions on assessments of unique hue stimuli (UHs: Y, B, R, and G) 25 color normal observers selected Munsell color chips under controlled but different light sources that included simulated D65 daylight, incandescent (A), CWF and TL84, from two rotatable trays—one containing low and the other high chroma samples. Three independent evaluations were obtained from each observer with a gap of at least 24 h between assessments. A total of 2400 UH assessments were thus obtained. The mean, as well as the range and variability, in UH selections was calculated according to gender, illumination condition, and chroma. Results show statistically significant differences for uB and uR stimuli selections from the low to the high chroma sets under all lighting conditions, and for uY under light source A and CWF while differences in uG selections in different lighting conditions were statistically insignificant. No significant difference was found between male and female UH selections. Hue shift predictions based on CAT02 transform were found to agree well with observer responses under different illumination conditions. It was also found that observers’ UH choices varied more for low chroma samples under different lighting conditions compared to high chroma samples. The highest variability was obtained under light source CWF, while the simulated D65 source resulted in the lowest variability in selections.
Repeatability of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Uveitic Eyes.

Purpose To investigate the intravisit repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in a cohort of uveitis patients. Methods One hundred ten patients were imaged twice per eye, per visit, using the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT Model 5000 device. To calculate choriocapillaris flow void area (CC FV) 6 × 6-mm images were used, and 3 × 3-mm images were used to calculate vessel density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone area (FAZ) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). Repeatability was measured using Bland-Altman analyses and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with associated coefficient of variation (CV). Results The level of intravisit repeatability differed across indices ranging from moderate to excellent. CC FV had the highest intravisit repeatability with an ICC of 0.980 (95%CI, 0.966-0.989), a CV of 15.9% and Bland-Altman limits of agreement from -0.398 to 0.411 mm2. DCP FAZ had the lowest intravisit repeatability with an ICC of 0.677 (95%CI, 0.510-0.796), a CV of 17.4% and Bland-Altman limits of agreement from -0.395 to -0.355 mm2. Intraoperator repeatability was excellent across all indices. Conclusions This study demonstrates that OCTA is a reliable tool to quantitatively assess specific indices of vascular structure in uveitis patients with good intravisit repeatability. However, the range of variability for each index should be taken into account when evaluating clinically meaningful changes. Translational relevance The repeatability of the metrics we have described has implications in supporting the development of OCTA-derived quantitative assessments of the retinal and choroidal vasculature in uveitis patients as potential imaging biomarkers.
The Clinical impact of High Flow Nasal Cannula Utilization in the Emergency Department on the Endotracheal Intubation Rate for Infants and Young Children with Severe Bronchiolitis.

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract illness and a common cause of hospitalizations for infants and young children. Although most respond to supportive care, severe forms of the disease can lead to acute respiratory failure with up to 16 % of all infants admitted for bronchiolitis requiring PICU admission and often mechanical ventilation. Intubation and mechanical ventilation carry risks over noninvasive ventilation including but not limited to increased risk of barotrauma, ventilator associated bacterial infections, increased sedation requirements and potential development of subglottic stenosis. High …
CHAPTER 9 – L.F. PROPAGATION

The propagation around a homogeneous spherical earth is examined using the residue (or mode) series representation. The phase velocity vph of the various modes is less than the free-space velocity of electromagnetic waves c, and the lower order modes of least attenuation dominate in the mode sum. The composite ground wave exhibits monotonic phase and amplitude changes with increasing distance. In the presence of an isotropic ionosphere, the lower order modes of vph c are highly attenuated. Intermediate modes with vph ∼ c dominate in the mode sum, and the order of the dominant modes increases with increasing frequency. Several of the modes are of comparable amplitudes, and the phase and amplitude of the mode sum exhibits irregular distance variations.
Short Implant in Cleft Cases

Cleft cases represent an extremely broad interdisciplinary issue in oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation. They have a great impact not only on the function which is the main point of interest but also on the facial esthetics [1]. In terms of oral and maxillofacial treatment, the planned result can be accomplished by controlled long-term therapy consisting of orthodontics, cranio-maxillofacial surgery and/or oral surgery, restorative dentistry, and long-term follow-up [2].
Exploring Registration of Optical, CMM and XCT for Verification of Supplemental Surfaces to Define AM Lattices: Application to Cylindrical and Spherical Surfaces

Abstract The use of lattice structures produced using additive manufacturing (AM) is of great interest to the aerospace and medical industries because of their potential for strength/weight optimization. However, their use is often limited due to challenges in qualification. Recent standards proposed for the definition and verification of lattice structures created using AM attempt to address these gaps. In this work, a lattice component is designed using a repeated unit cell and theoretical supplemental surfaces (TSS), brought forth in ASME Y14.46, are used to define the bounding geometry of the component. Two planes and a sphere are used to define a datum hierarchy that will be used to qualify the component. A measurand is defined by a spherical TSS and is later used to evaluate the quality of datum registration. The component is produced using a laser powder bed fusion process and then measured using focus variation microscopy, X-Ray computed tomography, and a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The three data sources are then registered using a refined sampling registration based on the CMM points. The effect of CMM data acquisition strategy on the quality of the registration is then examined. Results show that CMM planning based on optical measurements of the component, as opposed to the designed geometry, show significant improvement in the quality of registration. This work highlights the importance of sampling location in tactile measurements of components produced using additive manufacturing and recommends that definition of inspection locations/methods be integrated into the design cycle of AM parts.
Narrating Global Literacies: Crossing Borders of Exclusion During a Time of Crisis:

Although research endeavors on global-centric teaching and learning are increasing, there is much yet to understand on how classroom spaces can legitimize students’ capacities as globally literate ...
L’Homme, la Machine et le Sacré : Quand la Réalité Virtuelle Réenchante le Monde (The Man, the Machine and the Sacred: When the Virtual Reality Reenchants the World)

La rationalite, associee au progres technique, a pu laisser croire que le monde se desenchantait. Or, loin de desenchanter le monde, certains dispositifs techniques revelent la dimension sacree inherente a toute activite humaine. En effet, paradoxalement, nous montrerons que l’interaction homme-machine produisant des environnements virtuels constitue une experience du sacre.The rationality associated with the technical progress were able to let believe that the world became disillusioned. Now, far from disillusioning the world, certain technical devices reveal the sacred dimension inherent to any human activity. Indeed, paradoxically, we shall show that the human-machine interaction producing virtual environments is an experience of the sacred.
Interaction-Oriented programming: concepts, theories, and results on commitment protocols

Unlike traditional information systems, modern systems are _open_, consisting of autonomous, heterogeneous parties interacting dynamically. Yet prevalent software techniques make few accommodations for this fundamental change. Multiagent systems are conceptualized for open environments. They give prominence to flexible reasoning and arms-length interactions captured via communications. On the backdrop of multiagent systems, Interaction-Oriented Programming is the idea of programming with interactions as first-class entities instead of, e.g., objects. Protocols are to interactions as classes are to objects: because of their key nature, protocols have obtained a lot of research attention. Modeling protocols suitably for open environments meant modeling their content, not just the surface communications. In a number of important cases, such as business processes and organizations, the content is best understood using the notion of commitments of an agent to another agent in an appropriate context. Our theory of protocols supports flexible enactment of protocols, a treatment of refinement and composition of protocols, and their relationship with organizations and contracts, thus reducing the gap between agents and conventional computer science. This talk will review the key concepts, theories, and results on commitment protocols, and some important challenges that remain..
Synapse formation revisited.

A genetic analysis of synapse formation changes the current understanding of the events that generate acetylcholine receptor clustering and synapse-specific receptor transcription.
Student performance and course evaluations before and after use of the classroom performance system™ in a third-year veterinary radiology course

Effective teaching of veterinary radiology can be challenging in a traditional classroom environment. Audience response systems, colloquially known as "clickers," provide a means of encouraging student interaction. The purpose of this study was to compare student performance and course evaluations before and after using the Classroom Performance System™ in the third-year (fifth semester) didactic radiology course at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine. Overall student performance was assessed by comparing median numeric final course grades (%) between years without and with use of the Classroom Performance System™. Grades of students were determined for individual instructors' sections. Student evaluations of the radiology course were compared for the years available (2007-2010). Student interactions were also evaluated subjectively by instructors who used the Classroom Performance System™. There was a significant difference (p = 0.009) between the median student grade before (2005 - 2008, median 82.2%; interquartile range 77.6-85.7%; range 61.9-95.5%) and after use of the classroom performance system (2009-2010, median 83.6%; interquartile range 79.9-87.9%; range 68.2-93.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in median student grades for individual instructors over the study period. The radiology course student evaluation scores were significantly higher in years where the Classroom Performance System™ was used in comparison to previous years (P = 0.019). Subjectively, students appeared more involved when using clickers. Findings indicated that the Classroom Performance System™ may be a useful tool for enhancing veterinary radiology education.
Host preferences of introduced and native parasites (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of phytophagous plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in alfalfa-grass fields in the northeastern USA

During an eight-year field study at two widely-separated locations (NJ & DE, USA), seven species of phytophagous mirid plant bugs were found in alfalfa and alfalfa-grass fields grown for animal forage. Five species of parasites were reared from these mirids. Two parasite species introduced from Europe killed significantly higher proportions of nymphs of the two important mirid pests of alfalfa than did native parasites. The introduced Peristenus digoneutis Loan parasitized an average of 31% of first and second generation tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris, a native insect; and the introduced Peristenus conradi parasitized 22% of first generation alfalfa plant bugs, Adelphocoris lineolatus, an introduced species. In addition, Peristenus pallipes significantly parasitized nymphs of Trigonotylus caelestialium (43%) and Leptopterna dolabrata (37%); both mirids are immigrant species. Because the parasite P. pallipes significantly attacked only these two non-native mirids, and is present in Europe, it also may be an accidental introduction to North America. A native wasp, Leiophron uniformis, heavily parasitized (49%) the native garden fleahopper, Halticus bractatus. A third native species, P. pseudopallipes, occasionally parasitized a few Lygus lineolaris in alfalfa at one location. Two other mirids, Stenotus binotatus and Megaloceroea recticornis, both accidently-introduced grass-feeding species, were not parasitized by native or introduced species. It is noteworthy that the effective host ranges of all the parasites in alfalfa-grass fields were limited: four of the five parasite species significantly parasitized only one of the seven mirid species, and the other parasite significantly parasitized only two mirids. Activity of the four common parasites was correlated with the mirids' host plant: three species principally parasitized alfalfa-feeding mirids, and one species principally parasitized grass-feeding mirids.
Thermal-mechanical fatigue crack growth in Inconel X-750

Thermal-mechanical fatigue crack growth (TMFCG) was studied in a γ-γ’ nickel base superalloy Inconel X-750 under controlled load amplitude in the temperature range from 300 to 650°C. In-phase (Tmax at σmax), out-of-phase (Tmin at σmax) and isothermal tests at 650°C were performed on single-edge notch bars under fully reversed cyclic conditions.
The Staggered Spondaic Word Test

We have described three major groupings that encompass most auditory processing difficulties. While the problems may be superimposed upon one another in any individual client, each diagnostic sign is closely associated with particular communication and learning disorders. In addition, these behaviors may be related back to the functional anatomy of the regions that are implicated by the SSW test. The auditory-decoding group is deficient in rapid analysis of speech. The vagueness of speech sound knowledge is thought to lead to auditory misunderstanding and confusion. In early life, this may be reflected in the child's articulation. Poor phonic skills that result from this deficit are thought to contribute to their limited reading and spelling abilities. The auditory tolerance-fading memory group is often thought to have severe auditory-processing problems because those in it are highly distracted by background sounds and have poor auditory memories. However, school performance is not far from grade level, and the resulting reading disabilities stem more from limited comprehension than from an inability to sound out the words. Distractibility and poor auditory memory could contribute to the apparent weakness in reading comprehension. Many of the characteristics of the auditory tolerance-fading memory group are similar to those of attention deficit disorder cases. Both groups are associated anatomically with the AC region. The auditory integration cases can be divided into two subgroups. In the first, the subjects exhibit the most severe reading and spelling problems of the three major categories. These individuals closely resemble the classical dyslexics. We presume that this disorder represents a major disruption in auditory-visual integration. The second subgroup has much less severe learning difficulties, which closely follow the pattern of dysfunction of the auditory tolerance-fading memory group. The excellent physiological procedures to which we have been exposed during this Windows on the Brain conference provide a glimpse of the exciting possibilities for studying brain function. However, in working with individuals who have cognitive impairments, the new technology should be validated by standard behavioral tests. In turn, the new techniques will provide those who use behavioral measures with new parameters and concepts to broaden our understanding. For the past quarter of a century, the SSW test has been compared with other behavioral, physiological, and anatomical procedures. Based on the information that has been assembled, we have been able to classify auditory processing disorders into three major categories.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments

Freshwater-lens thickness and long-term changes in freshwater volume in coastal aquifers are commonly assessed through repeated measurement of salinity profiles from monitor wells that penetrate into underlying salt water. In Hawaii, the thickest measured freshwater lens is currently 262 m in dike-free, volcanic-rock aquifers that are overlain by thick coastal sediments. The midpoint depth (depth where salinity is 50% salt water) between freshwater and salt water can serve as an indicator for freshwater thickness. Most measured midpoints have risen over the past 40 years, indicating a shrinking lens. The mean rate of rise of the midpoint from 1999–2009 varied locally, with faster rates in highly developed areas (1.0 m/year) and slower rates in less developed areas (0.5 m/year). The thinning of the freshwater lenses is the result of long-term groundwater withdrawal and reduced recharge. Freshwater/salt-water interface locations predicted from measured water levels and the Ghyben-Herzberg principle may be deeper than measured midpoints during some periods and shallower during other periods, although depths may differ up to 100 m in some cases. Moreover, changes in the midpoint are slower than changes in water level. Thus, water levels may not be a reliable indicator of the amount of freshwater in a coastal aquifer.
An Applied Hardwood Value Recovery Study in the Appalachian Region of Virginia and West Virginia

Abstract An analysis of log-making (bucking) performance for five logging crews in southern Appalachian mixed-hard- wood stands of Virginia and West Virginia was conducted. Cutting accuracy and value recovery were analyzed and compared to an optimal solution that was determined through the use of the HW-BUCK computer software. In total 148 trees were bucked into 510 logs and only 11 percent were cut accurately. Fifteen percent were under cut and 74 percent were over length. The crew with the best performance in length cutting accuracy also recorded the lowest value recovery loss. An average value loss of 20.7 percent was calculated for all five crews.
Effect of Lithium Ingestion on Water and Electrolyte Transport in Rat Intestine

The effect of lithium ingestion on intestinal electrolyte and water transport was studied in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. We fed animals a lithium-supplemented diet for 1, 2, 4, or 16 wk before in vivo perfusion of the jejunum and colon. Lithium feeding did not alter jejunal transport of water, electrolytes, or glucose. However, at 4 and 16 wk (16-wk data given) the colon increased net water (168%), sodium (160%), and chloride (140%) absorption, and the transmural potential difference (396%) as compared with control animals. In addition, the colon absorbed both bicarbonate and potassium against an unfavorable electrochemical gradient. The increased colonic sodium absorption was not associated with an increase in mucosal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity. Furthermore, in lithium-fed animals deoxycorticosterone acetate stimulated mucosal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity, but it did not further increase net sodium absorption. Neither jejunal nor colonic electrolyte transport was affected 24 h after being gavage-fed lithium. These results suggest that chronic lithium ingestion has a unique mechanism of action as other means of chronically increasing sodium absorption are associated with increased mucosal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity.
SLIA theory review

This paper describes the design of a proof-of-concept experiment (POCE) currently being constructed at Pulse Sciences Incorporated (PSI). The POCE is designed to accelerate a 10 kA, 3.5 MeV electron beam to 9.5 MeV after four passes through two sets of 1.5 MeV induction modules (each module incorporating 5 cells). The issues related to beam instabilities and beam transport, as well as cavity and gap modeling for the acceleration module are presented.
Clocks, God, and Scientific Realism

Scientists, both modern and contemporary, commonly try to discern patterns in nature. They also frequently use arguments by analogy to construct an understanding of the natural mechanisms responsible for producing such patterns. For Robert Boyle, the famous clock at Strasbourg provided a perfect paradigm for understanding the connection between these two scientific activities. Unfortunately, it also posed a serious threat to his realistic pretensions. All sorts of internal mechanisms could produce precisely the same movements across the face of a clock. Given God's immense creative capacities, Boyle realized that standard epistemological constraints could never ensure, not even to the least degree of probability, that scientific theories about the unobservable mechanisms of nature were descriptively accurate. Like most moderns, he fortified his epistemology theologically in order to retain his realistic stance. John Locke, however, took counsel from Ecclesiastes to repudiate Boyle's realism, while Samuel Clarke mobilized biblical images to dismiss the clockwork paradigm altogether. A contemporary review of this modern controversy reveals that there is still much to learn from the clock at Strasbourg. Among other things, the realism/antirealism issue is of central importance to understanding today's science, Nancey Murphy's protests notwithstanding. Moreover, the kind of realistic stance that is essential, not only to the truth but to the very intelligibility of certain types of scientific explanation, demands more than the critical realism of Ian Barbour. To be taken seriously, the models used in such contexts must be taken literally.