cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
User search behaviors within a library gateway

This poster reports on user searching behavior within two information gateways developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library. These gateways are built around a locally developed metasearch engine and are designed to assist users with search query formulation and modification. Search behavior data is being collected in custom transaction logs that gather user search arguments along with any system actions and contextual search assistance suggestions.
RH-mote for Next-generation Wireless Sensor Networks☆

Abstract Many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications are new and their requirements may not be fully anticipated during the sensor networks design and development stage. We are presenting a sensor network infrastructure that support motes’ with remote hardware and software modification to match the target applications need. Using the proposed infrastructure in next-generation WSNs will produce flexible infrastructures that will provide over-the-air remote design modification even after the deployment of WSNs on the sensing field. In this paper, we are presenting the design concept and challenges of such infrastructure. Also, we present the use of the infrastructure in one possible environmental monitoring application such as forest fire. The development of such infrastructure will have an impact on advances the research on the real- time remote sensing, heterogeneous WSN, and WSNs applications.
Computer simulation as an aid to incorporating diffusion effects into multicompartment models of Na exchange in tissues

Digital computer simulation is used to determine the effects on calculated transport rate constants and relative compartment sizes caused by incorporating mathematical expressions for diffusion out of the extracellular space into compartmental models of Na kinetics. Four typical records were selected from sets of Na tracer washouts (kidney cortex, papillary muscle, carotid artery-control, and aldosterone treated) illustrative of widely differing patterns of Na distribution. Each record was analyzed first using a strictly compartmental model and then using a diffusional-compartmental model. Only for the kidney cortex tissue did inclusion of the diffusion constraints permit the model to be reduced from three to two compartments. The effects of the diffusion constraints on the three compartment models for the carotid and papillary tissues were more pronounced in the carotid, which is characterized by a predominantly extracellular localization of Na, than in the papillary tissue, which has its Na more equally distributed between three compartments. Furthermore, differences between the control and the aldosterone treated carotid tissues detected using the strict three compartment model became more apparent using the diffusional compartment model. Since the incorporation of the diffusion constraints into compartmental models results in much longer solution times on the computer, it appears advisable to use the diffusional-compartmental models only for further analysis of selected records after significant features of interest have been detected using strictly compartmental models.
Rhizopus stolonifer sporangiospores: A wet-harvested spore is not a native spore

Abstract Rhizopus stolonifer sporangiospores were harvested with and without contact with water. The wet-harvested spores differed from the dry-harvested spores in that they: (i) incorporated 14 CO 2 into both tricar☐ylic acid-soluble and -insoluble material; (ii) possessed polyribosomes; (iii) did not maintain viability during storage at room temperature; and (iv) gradually exhibited altered nutritional requirements for germination. Consequently, wet-harvested spores cannot be considered to be either native or dormant. Even brief (30 min) exposures to water during harvesting caused the spores to commence metabolic activity.
Intelligent Design: Scientific Theory or Religious Conviction?

In the culture war over how to teach life's development in public schools, the focus of opponents of standard evolutionary accounts has shifted in the past decade to the theory of intelligent design. Most ad herents to the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution—including the vast majority of members of the relevant scientific communities—see "in telligent design" as just one more stratagem by creationists to sneak as much religion as possible into the biology curriculum. Proponents of intelligent design counter that their theory is scientific—that it is powerfully supported by scientific evidence the evolutionists willfully refuse to credit—and that it belongs in the biology curriculum as an alternative to the dominant approach. This essay unpacks the claims of intelligent design, analyzing to what extent they may belong in science courses, and the degree to which they represent religious assertion.1
Congenital acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia with translocation (9;18)

Chromosome analysis is becoming an increasingly important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood malignancies. This report illustrates a new translocation t(9;18) in a neonate with congenital acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, which predicted a bone marrow relapse in a normal appearing bone marrow.
Cancer genetics in primary care. When is genetic screening an option and when is it the standard of care

In some families, predisposition to cancer is caused by a germline mutation in a single gene, which produces an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer transmission. Several hereditary cancer syndromes have been identified and for many of them, genetic testing is clinically available. Determining which patients are at risk for hereditary cancer begins by taking a complete family history. In particular, a three-generation family history and pedigree can provide valuable information for both patients and primary care physicians. When the history supports the possibility of hereditary cancer, a qualified genetic professional can assist with specific advice about testing and treatment options for the entire family. If pedigree analysis substantiates a heritable form of cancer, patients should be thoroughly informed about potential benefits, limitations, and risks of genetic screening and offered testing as appropriate. The ultimate goal is to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality through interventions that decrease cancer risk or increase early detection.
Cognitive Processes in Journalistic Genres: Extending Writing Models.

The research on the cognitive processes in writing has led to models of the writing process such as that of Flower and Hayes. The work underlying these models has been carried out on relatively unc...
Moments of a pulse propagating with dispersion and damping: a phase space based approximation method

A phase space approximation to pulse propagation has recently been developed, and has been shown to be accurate in that it preserves all spectral (wavenumber) moments as well as low order spatial moments (mean and variance) of a pulse propagating with dispersion but no damping. We investigate the effects of damping on the approximation and moments. We show that for damping that is linear with wave number, the accuracy of the approximation is unchanged from the no damping case previously considered. In addition, the spectral moments remain exact for all forms of damping. However, for arbitrary damping the spatial variance and higher spatial moments are inexact; we calculate the error up to the third-order moment. We consider both global and local moments.
The Essential ATP-binding Cassette Protein RLI1 Functions in Translation by Promoting Preinitiation Complex Assembly

RLI1 is an essential yeast protein closely related in sequence to two soluble members of the ATP-binding cassette family of proteins that interact with ribosomes and function in translation elongation (YEF3) or translational control (GCN20). We show that affinity-tagged RLI1 co-purifies with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3), eIF5, and eIF2, but not with other translation initiation factors or with translation elongation or termination factors. RLI1 is associated with 40 S ribosomal subunits in vivo, but it can interact with eIF3 and -5 independently of ribosomes. Depletion of RLI1 in vivo leads to cessation of growth, a lower polysome content, and decreased average polysome size. There was also a marked reduction in 40 S-bound eIF2 and eIF1, consistent with an important role for RLI1 in assembly of 43 S preinitiation complexes in vivo. Mutations of conserved residues in RLI1 expected to function in ATP hydrolysis were lethal. A mutation in the second ATP-binding cassette domain of RLI1 had a dominant negative phenotype, decreasing the rate of translation initiation in vivo, and the mutant protein inhibited translation of a luciferase mRNA reporter in wild-type cell extracts. These findings are consistent with a direct role for the ATP-binding cassettes of RLI1 in translation initiation. RLI1-depleted cells exhibit a deficit in free 60 S ribosomal subunits, and RLI1-green fluorescent protein was found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of living cells. Thus, RLI1 may have dual functions in translation initiation and ribosome biogenesis.
Higher Order Multivariate Fuzzy Approximation by basic Neural Network Operators

Here are studied in terms of multivariate fuzzy high approximation to the multivariate unit basic sequences of multivariate fuzzy neural network operators.
Probing the Dynamics of the P1 Helix within the Tetrahymena Group I Intron

RNA conformational transformations are integral to RNA's biological functions. Further, structured RNA molecules exist as a series of dynamic intermediates in the course of folding or complexation with proteins. Thus, an understanding of RNA folding and function will require deep and incisive understanding of its dynamic behavior. However, existing tools to investigate RNA dynamics are limited. Here we introduce a powerful fluorescence polarization anisotropy approach that utilizes a rare base analog that retains substantial fluorescence when incorporated into helices. We show that 6-methylisoxanthopterin (6-MI) can be used to follow the nanosecond dynamics of individual helices. We then use 6-MI to probe the dynamics of an individual helix, referred to as P1, within the 400nt Tetrahymena group I ribozyme. Comparisons of the dynamics of the P1 helix in wild type and mutant ribozymes and in model constructs reveal a highly immobilized docked state of the P1 helix, as expected, and a relatively mobile ‘open complex’ or undocked state. This latter result rules out a model in which slow docking of the P1 helix into its cognate tertiary interactions arises from a stable alternatively docked conformer. The results are consistent with a model in which stacking and tertiary interactions of the A3 tether connecting the P1 helix to the body of the ribozyme limit P1 mobility and slow its docking, and this model is supported by cross-linking results. The ability to isolate the nanosecond motions of individual helices within complex RNAs and RNA/protein complexes will be valuable in distinguishing between functional models and in discerning the fundamental behavior of important biological species.
Molecular Models of Warfarin and Related Compounds

Molecular models of warfarin and alternative anticoagulants are discussed. The molecules added to the JCE Featured Molecules library this month include forms of warfarin, coumarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and ximelagatran, among others.
Liaw's measures of attitudes toward computers and the Internet: a supportive comment

Liaw's two scales for measuring attitudes toward computers and the Internet were found to be reliable but factorially complex. Computer attitudes were more strongly associated with computer and Internet skills and behavior than were Internet attitudes.
Determinants of health promotion in midlife women.

Health locus of control, self-esteem, and health status were analyzed for their impact on health-promoting life-style activities in 262 women between 35 and 65 years of age. Negative chance health locus of control, self-esteem, current health status, health worry/concerns, post-high-school education, and internal health locus of control explained 25% of the variance of likelihood to engage in health-promoting life-style activities. Two canonical variates explained 72.8% of the variance in the criterion set, the subscale scores of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, Sechrist, & Pender, 1987). Internal health locus of control, self-esteem, current health status, and future health status explained 36.3% of the variance of the self-actualization, interpersonal support, and exercise subscales; age, negative chance health locus of control, health worry/concern, and negative (poor) prior health status explained 36.5% of the variance of the health responsibility, nutrition, and stress management subscales. The canonical correlations for the two variates were .78 and .66, respectively. The study results support in part the relationships posited in the Pender health promotion model and previous research on women's health.
The coordination of boron in aSi: (B,H)

Abstract Pulsed 11 B NMR measurements performed on an aSi: (B,H) film containing ∼10 atomic % B reveal the presence of two distinct boron sites. The spin-spin relaxation time T 2 is frequency independent and of a magnitude which indicates that the boron is clustered rather than uniformly distributed. The large quadrupolar coupling inferred from the NMR linewidth strongly suggests that most of the boron in aSi: (B,H) does not exist in tetrahedral sites but is threefold coordinated.
The Relationship between Infant Mortality Rates and Medical Care and Socio-economic Variables, Chile 1960–1970

In an attempt to explore the relationship of infant mortality rates (IMR) with medical care services and socioeconomic circumstances in a developing country Chilean health zone data were used for the 1960-1970 period to construct 25 variables which were then classified into groups representing antenatal-obstetric services acute and preventive medical services and socioeconomic variables. For the country as a whole the infant mortality rates declined over the decade from 132.6 in 1960 to 86.4 in 1969 and then increased slightly to 87.1 in 1970. There were variations among the zones. In general the results supported the hypotheses; infant mortality rates were negatively associated with antenatal services personnel and utilization medical services personnel and utilization and indicators of increasing socioeconomic status. Hypotheses pertaining to immunization and nutritional status were not supported.
Distinguishability of Hyper-Entangled Bell States by Linear Evolution and Local Measurement

For two identical particles entangled in n two-state variables, we show that, of the 4n hyper-entangled Bell states, 2n+1-1 can be distinguished using linear evolution and local measurement. Our result generalizes previous results for n=1,2.
Acute Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral-Nerve Hyperexcitability

PURPOSE: Oxaliplatin is a novel platinum compound with clinical activity in several malignancies. Neurotoxicity is dose-limiting and occurs in two distinct forms, an acute neurologic symptom complex that occurs within hours or days of therapy and a chronic, cumulative sensory neuropathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were treated in a phase I study designed to establish the maximum-tolerated dose of capecitabine given with oxaliplatin. Because of the unusual neurosensory toxicity of oxaliplatin, detailed neurologic examination, needle electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed before and the day after oxaliplatin in a subset of 13 patients. Carbamazepine therapy was tried in 12 additional patients to determine whether the neurologic effects might be relieved. RESULTS: All patients experienced acute, reversible neurotoxicities with oxaliplatin. Symptoms included paresthesias, dysesthesias, cold hypersensitivity, jaw pain, eye pain, pain in the arm used for drug infusion, pto...
PENETRATION OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

The virus of poliomyelitis introduced into the blood may pass indirectly by way of the cerebrospinal fluid to the interstices of the central nervous organs. To reach the cerebrospinal fluid the virus must first penetrate the barrier of the choroid plexus, which operation requires time. By the inoculation test, no virus was detected in the fluid at the expiration of 48 hours, only small amounts at the expiration of 72 hours, while at the expiration of 96 hours the virus had passed more freely. The virus was still detectable in the fluid at the onset of paralysis 19 days after the intravenous injection. Pathological conditions of the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid play an important part in the pathogenesis of epidemic poliomyelitis.
Toward a phylogenetic system of biological nomenclature

Despite the widely held belief that modem biological taxonomy is evolutionary, some of the most fundamental concepts and principles in the current system of biological nomenclature are based on a nonevolutionary convention that pre-dates widespread acceptance of an evolutionary world view by more than a century. The development of a phylogenetic system of nomenclature requires reformulating these concepts and principles so that they are no longer based on the Linnean categories but on the tenet of common descent.
Neuroleptic drug treatment alters in vitro central neurotensin metabolism

Abstract Neurotensin (NT) has been shown to possess pharmacological properties associated with neuroleptic drugs. To determine if chronic haloperidol (HL; 3.5 mg/kg/day) or chlorpromazine (CPZ; 4.2 mg/kg/day) treatment affects central NT metabolism, HL and CPZ were perfused via Alzet® minipumps into male Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 days. Purified synaptosomal plasma membranes (pSPM) were isolated and time-course incubated with NT (100 μM; 30–120 min). All samples were analyzed by high resolution, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. HL and CPZ caused an increase in NT metabolism at the pSPM. Although an increase in NT metabolism would result in a loss of biological activity, it does lead to a significant accumulation of the biologically active NT fragment NT-(9–13), which has been shown to bind to the NT receptor. Therefore, neuroleptic drug treatment alters NT metabolism at the pSPM, leading to the formation of a fragment with antinociceptive activity.
Murine neurovirulence studies with a chimeric poliovirus:in vivogeneration of a mutant base-paired stable attenuated poliovirus

Abstract We investigated the neurovirulence of a chimeric poliovirus consisting of the coding region of Lansing type 2 poliovirus and the 5′NCR of type 3 poliovirus. Specifically we carried out studies on the effects of stable base pairing, between nucleotides 472 and 537, on neurovirulence. Mice were injected intracranially with the attenuated chimeric virus MAS 27 plaque 1 having the following nucleotide base pair at 472–537, G-G. Mutants recovered from the CNS of inoculated mice were divided into three groups according to the nucleotide sequence of the 5′NCR; MAS 27C type viruses having a single base change (G-C) at the position 472, MAS 27G type mutants having a single base change (G-C) at the position 537, and MAS 27U type viruses having a single base change (G-U) at the position 537. The isolate MAS 27C had back-mutated to the wild type, and 100 000 fold more virulent than attenuated MAS 27G and MAS 27U. MAS 27C type mutants were predominant, suggesting that base C at position 472 is favoured to form a stable secondary structure with guanine at position 537. Attenuated MAS 27G, however, carries guanine and cytosine at nucleotides 472 and 537 respectively, and was a stable attenuated virus following passage in four serial generations of mice. Furthermore, attenuated MAS 27G poliovirus produced viral proteins less efficiently and had slower growth rates than the revertant MAS 27C. The stable attenuated base paired MAS 27G might provide the basis for a prototype for a live attenuated stable type 3 poliovaccine.
A New Ultraperformance–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Oral Fluid Assay for 29 Illicit Drugs and Medications

Oral fluid (saliva) testing—including the numbers of tests, the analytical procedures used, and laboratories offering the service—is increasing rapidly throughout Europe, North America, and Australia (1)(2). Although the monitoring of therapeutic drugs in oral fluid offers a noninvasive means of estimating the free concentrations of drugs in plasma or serum, this technique is used infrequently (3). There currently is great interest in the use of this alternative matrix for documenting driving under the influence of drugs (DUID)1 and for workplace and drug-treatment testing. Oral fluid can be collected under direct observation without requiring same-sex collectors and specialized collection facilities, and its use reduces the opportunities for sample adulteration. Weak bases are ion-trapped in oral fluid because of its lower pH, yielding higher concentrations and easier detection than in blood. The risk to analysts of infectious-disease exposure is lower than for blood, and the presence of the parent drug in oral fluid may provide a better correlation with ongoing pharmacodynamic effects than with urine testing (4). Oral fluid also offers improved identification of heroin use because of the frequent presence of 6-acetylmorphine and even heroin itself, whereas this biomarker has a short window of detection in urine (5). Oral fluid testing also has disadvantages (6), as for any biological matrix. The volume of oral fluid is limited and may be reduced by drug consumption. Drug concentrations in oral fluid also are lower than in urine (e.g., benzodiazepines and cannabinoids), and their measurement therefore requires highly sensitive assays. Inhalation, smoking, oral, or insufflation administration may contaminate the oral mucosa, increasing concentrations and disrupting correlations with blood results. Another disadvantage is that excretion and concentrations vary with the pH of oral fluid given that the pH increases with the stimulation of oral fluid flow. Yet another limitation is the …
Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Methotrexate Combination Chemotherapy is Active in the Treatment of Refractory Urothelial Malignancies

AbstractPurpose: We investigated the activity of combination chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel, cisplatin and methotrexate in patients with advanced urothelial cancers.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 consecutive patients with metastatic refractory urothelial malignancies was treated with a combination of 200 mg./m.2 paclitaxel, 30 mg./m.2 methotrexate and 70 mg./m. sup 2 cisplatin in a pilot study.Results: There were no complete responses. Of 25 patients 10 (40 percent), including 3 of 7 with liver metastases, had a partial response. Hematological and nonhematological toxicity was tolerable.Conclusions: The combination chemotherapeutic regimen of paclitaxel, cisplatin and methotrexate is active in patients with advanced urothelial cancer and warrants further study.
Army Helicopter Casualty Evacuations in Belize in 1995 and 1996

Since the withdrawal of Royal Air Force Puma helicopters from Belize in 1994, the role of casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) of British military personnel, Belizean citizens and foreign nationals throughout the country, has passed to 25 Flight Army Air Corps, currently equipped with Gazelle helicopters. Details of casualty evacuations during 1995 and 1996 have been collated and analysed in order to provide information on casualty types, and the locations from which casualties have been evacuated, during this 2 year period. The data so obtained might be used to ensure the future provision of an appropriately equipped CASEVAC helicopter, or to highlight common causes of significant morbidity in British troops deployed to Belize.
Evaluation of intrathecal gadolinium-enhanced MR cisternography in a rabbit model of traumatic nasoethmoidal CSF fistula.

This pilot study details the feasibility of intrathecal gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd) administration in the detection of posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula in an animal model. Five rabbits were used in this study. An attempt was made to create a traumatic CSF fistula surgically via a nasal approach. Seven days following the procedure, images of the cranium in sagittal and coronal planes were obtained utilizing a 1.9 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanner before and after intrathecal injection of 16 μmol Gd. Following the imaging study, the animals were euthanized and grossly sectioned coronally to search for fistula formation. One animal died on the third day following the surgical procedure. The other four rabbits underwent the MR and gross pathologic study. Diagnosis of the fistula by intrathecal Gd-enhanced MR imaging was successful in two rabbits; this finding was confirmed by gross pathologic examination. No fistula was detected on either intrathecal Gd-enhanced MR imaging or on pathologic study in the remaining two rabbits. Intrathecal enhanced MR cisternography is a potentially promising technique for the evaluation of posttraumatic CSF fistulae. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;11:20–24. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Memory-based hypothesis formation: Heuristic learning of commonsense causal relations from text

Abstract We present a memory-based approach to learning commonsense causal relations from episodic text. The method relies on dynamic memory that consists of events, event schemata, episodes, causal heuristics, and causal hypotheses. The learning algorithms are based on applying causal heuristics'to precedents of new information. The heuristics are derived from principles of causation, and, to a limited extent, from domain-related causal reasoning. Learning is defined as finding—and later augmenting—inter-episodal and intea-episodal causal connections. The learning algorithms enable inductive generalization of causal associations into AND/OR graphs. The methodology has been implemented and tested in the program NEXUS.
Stigma Sentiments and Self-Meanings: Exploring the Modified Labeling Theory of Mental Illness

We introduce “stigma sentiments” as a way to operationalize the cultural conceptions of the mentally ill. Stigma sentiments are the evaluation, potency, and activity (EPA) associated with the cultu...
Sex-related differences in the susceptibility of rats to gentamicin nephrotoxicity

Age-matched male and female Fischer 344 rats were treated with gentamicin, 40 mg/kg of animal body weight per day, for three to 21 days. Renal dysfunction was less severe in females as measured by concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and by cortical slice uptake of p-aminohippuric acid and N1-methylnicotinamide chloride. Also, cortical concentrations of gentamicin in females were lower than in males. Neither exogenous testosterone administered to adult females nor castration of prepubertal males changed the pattern of dysfunction. These results show that sex affects susceptibility to aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity by mechanisms that are undefined but that are apparently unrelated to testosterone. The variable of sex needs to be considered in interpreting the results of studies of experimental aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.
Investigation of Synchronization Phenomena for Cylinder Pairs Subjected to Forced Transverse Oscillation

Flow visualization of the wake formation region and hot-film measurements of the wake velocity for staggered cylinder pairs, with an emphasis on the effect of forced transverse oscillation of either of the two cylinders within the range 515 ≤ Re ≤ 755 is experimentally investigated. Three staggered cylinder configurations were selected. When the cylinders are stationary, the flow for the large-incidence-angle cylinder pair can be characterized by two distinct Strouhal numbers, whereas the flow for the small-incidence-angle cylinder pair can be characterized by a single Strouhal number. The wake undergoes considerable modification for nondimensional forcing frequency greater than 0.10. In particular, there are distinct regions of synchronization between the dominant wake periodicities and the cylinder oscillation. The synchronization ranges for both upstream and downstream cylinder oscillations are found much wider than those for a single oscillating cylinder. For two cylinders, the fundamental synchronization ranges for downstream cylinder oscillation is much narrower and closer to the synchronization ranges of single cylinder oscillation than those for upstream cylinder oscillation.
Are index measures better than individual measures in assessing the association between environmental and financial performance? A multivariate analysis study

In this study, we investigate the association between firms' environmental and financial performance. Using KLD's measures of environmental performance 13 of their variables were subject to factor analysis. Factor analysis is used to investigate how variables would cluster together into factors (based on the joint variations between variables) and then we investigated the association between this constructed factor and the firms' annual return. The factor analysis yielded three factors, non-chemical concern variables, strength variables and chemical concerns variable. Results point out that only the chemical concern factor is significantly associated with the firms' annual return. The results indicate that individual variables combined into an index measure may not necessarily improve or strengthen the association. Insignificant variables may dilute the significance of other variables leading to an insignificant index measure, or maybe positively (negatively) correlated variables may dominate the direction of association in a particular factor by outweighing negatively (positively) correlated variable respectively, However it highlights the true variables/factors that would better represent the construct addressed in the association.
The Proactive Promotion Engine

Given the nature of high volume streaming environments, not all tuples can be processed within the required response time. In such instances, it is crucial to dedicate resources to producing the most important results. We will demonstrate the Proactive Promotion Engine (PP) which employs a new preferential resource allocation methodology for priority processing of stream tuples. Our key contributions include: 1) our promotion continuous query language allows the specification of priorities within a query, 2) our promotion query algebra supports proactive promotion query processing, 3) our promotion query optimization locates an optimized PP query plan, and 4) our adaptive promotion control adapts online which subset of tuples are given priority online within a single physical query plan. Our “Portland Home Arrest” demonstration facilitates the capture of in-flight criminals using data generated by the Virginia Tech Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory via simulation-based modeling techniques.
Early and Persistent Hemothorax and Pneumothorax

The incidence of traumatic injury to the thorax is estimated at up to 40 % of patients that require hospitalization. The vast majority of these injuries can be managed with observation. However, the presence of pneumothorax or hemothorax has traditionally mandated tube thoracostomy placement and the inherent morbidities that may arise. Persistent pneumothorax is typically defined as the presence of pneumothorax and/or air leak for 5–7 days after tube placement. This morbidity may be managed expectantly or with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The most feared complication after hemothorax is the presence of retained blood and the risk of infection that follows. Most authorities support the early use of VATS to resolve retained hemothoraces with the hopes of avoiding more invasive procedures aimed at the treatment of fibrothorax and empyema.
A Formula For Job Creation: Tax Law Changes For Small Businesses

The Bush tax cuts in 2001 (Economic Growth and Taxpayer Relief Reconciliation Act, (EGTRRA) and in 2003 (Job Growth and Taxpayer Relief Reconciliation Act, JGTRRA) are touted as providing an aid to the economy's recovery and job creation. The data shows that George Bush's first administration had the most anemic job expansion in decades and actually saw negative net jobs created. We advocate four tax changes for small businesses that would postpone the timing of taxes and make it easier for small businesses to survive. As small businesses provide more than two-thirds of the net new jobs created each year, insuring their sustainability will go a long way to foster small business expansion and more job growth among suppliers. Currently a third of new small businesses fail within their first two years and the failure rate exceeds 60 percent by the end of the sixth year. These tax proposals for small businesses resemble “laser surgery” for the economy instead of the “chemotherapy” of tax cuts for the whole economy. These proposals focus where two-thirds or more of new jobs are created each year and will help small businesses manage their cash flow more effectively and encourage their long term sustainability. It is time for Congress to enact measures that help provide small businesses with a source of capital rather than draining them of the vital cash that they need. Such measures would not require government handouts or loans but, rather, would for the most part, merely entail postponing the taxation of business profits so long as those profits remained in the business to help insure its survival and growth.
Energy balance in wireless networks using connection segmentation and range control

In a wireless network some nodes incur a disproportionate share of the packet forwarding burden than the others: nodes lying toward the center tend to lie on more paths and therefore expend more energy in forwarding packets than other nodes, resulting in a shorter lifetime. While routes can be selected to alleviate this problem, we explore an entirely different and complementary approach by exploiting a wireless node's capability to adjust its transmission power. Each connection is partitioned into two segments, each of which uses the regular network or direct transmission between the source and the destination. The relative durations of each segment are optimized to balance energy consumption across the network. This paper formulates an energy balance optimization problem in terms of the segmentation time, and an algorithm is presented that reduces variance in energy consumption at the cost of a modest increase in average energy consumption. The paper also presents a distributed algorithm for this optimization problem.
Strengthening software self-checksumming via self-modifying code

Recent research has proposed self-checksumming as a method by which a program can detect any possibly malicious modification to its code. Wurster et al. developed an attack against such programs that renders code modifications undetectable to any self-checksumming routine. The attack replicated pages of program text and altered values in hardware data structures so that data reads and instruction fetches retrieved values from different memory pages. A cornerstone of their attack was its applicability to a variety of commodity hardware: they could alter memory accesses using only a malicious operating system. In this paper, we show that their page-replication attack can be detected by self-checksumming programs with self-modifying code. Our detection is efficient, adding less than 1 microsecond to each checksum computation in our experiments on three processor families, and is robust up to attacks using either costly interpretive emulation or specialized hardware
Evaluating planetesimal bow shocks as sites for chondrule formation

We investigate the possible formation of chondrules by planetesimal bow shocks. The formation of such shocks is modeled using a piecewise parabolic method (PPM) code under a variety of conditions. The results of this modeling are used as a guide to study chondrule formation in a one- dimensional, finite shock wave. This model considers a mixture of chondrule-sized particles and micron-sized dust and models the kinetic vaporization of the solids. We found that only planetesimals with a radius of ~1000 km and moving at least ~8 km/s with respect to the nebular gas can generate shocks that would allow chondrule-sized particles to have peak temperatures and cooling rates that are generally consistent with what has been inferred for chondrules. Planetesimals with smaller radii tend to produce lower peak temperatures and cooling rates that are too high. However, the peak temperatures of chondrules are only matched for low values of chondrule wavelength-averaged emissivity. Very slow cooling (<~100s of K/hr) can only be achieved if the nebular opacity is low, which may result after a significant amount of material has been accreted into objects that are chondrule-sized or larger, or if chondrules formed in regions of the nebula with small dust concentrations. Large shock waves of approximately the same scale as those formed by gravitational instabilities or tidal interactions between the nebula and a young Jupiter do not require this to match the inferred thermal histories of chondrules.
Unboundedness results for systems

We study kth order systems of two rational difference equations $$ x_n = \frac{{\alpha + \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {\beta _i x_{n - i} + } \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {\gamma _i y_{n - i} } }} {{A + \sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^k {B_j x_{n - j} + } \sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^k {C_j y_{n - j} } }},n \in \mathbb{N}, $$ In particular we assume non-negative parameters and non-negative initial conditions. We develop several approaches which allow us to prove that unbounded solutions exist for certain initial conditions in a range of the parameters.
Comparison of Lateral-Flow Immunoassay and Enzyme Immunoassay with Viral Culture for Rapid Detection of Influenza Virus in Nasal Wash Specimens from Children

The performance of two commercially available rapid test kits for influenza virus detection was compared to that of viral culture by using 356 nasal wash specimens collected during the 2001 to 2002 influenza season. Overall, the two rapid tests were easy to perform and showed comparable sensitivities (70.4 and 72.2%) and specificities (97.7 and 98.3%); for both test kit groups, most of the specimens that yielded false-negative results were found to be growing influenza B virus.
Biochemistry and Regulation of Signal Transduction by Neuronal Acetylcholine Receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of neurons, which is an important receptor system of the central nervous system (CNS). The chapter discusses cellular responses mediated by muscarinic receptors, muscarinic receptor regulation, and the assembly of the muscarinic system. Specific blockade of CNS muscarinic receptors can lead to dreamless sleep, profound disorientation, hallucinations, and amnesia. Recent work has emphasized the relationship of muscarinic activity to memory processes and to states of arousal. After binding acetylcholine, muscarinic receptor systems mediate a variety of cellular responses, including changes in cyclic nucleotide concentrations, altered phospholipid turnover, and various cell-specific changes in membrane potential. Muscarinic receptors accelerate the turnover of phosphatidylinositol (PI) through stimulation of phospholipase C activity. Accelerated turnover typically has been measured by uptake of 32 P into PI, an assay facilitated by the rapid isolation of PI. In homogeneous populations of cloned cells, muscarinic stimulation gives both a PI response and adenylate cyclase inhibition, consistent with the idea that a single class of muscarinic receptors mediates multiple responses.
Conclusion: Reflections on the Volume and Visions for the Future

In this chapter, we address the question that runs throughout this volume: What do we, and what do we not, know regarding the field of LGBT-parent families? First, we highlight what has been learned from the major findings in this area of family research. Second, we move on to three major themes (i.e., intersectionality, intergenerational relationships, and increasing the visibility of bisexual- and transgender-parent families) regarding what we are learning about the understudied topics and groups addressed in this volume. Third, we describe what we have learned from emerging research methods as applied to LGBT-parent families. Fourth, we address applications to clinical practice, law, and school settings. Finally, we conclude with observations and suggestions about the future of research, theory, and praxis on LGBT parenting and LGBT family scholarship.
Vic + Flo ont vu un ours de Denis Côté: Histoire de femmes cruelles ou esthétique de la cruauté?

Vic + Flo ont vu un ours se distingue des autres films de Denis Cote d’un point de vue thematique et par la maniere dont il exploite l’hybridite filmique. Tout en alliant le lesbianisme a la criminalite, ce film est loin de reinvestir les cliches habituellement associes a ces themes. Tout au contraire, il presente une image inusitee d’un couple d’ex-detenues. Cet article demontre que Vic + Flo transforme la representation du couple lesbien au niveau diegetique et filmique a partir du recyclage de la cruaute artaudienne. En effet, la cruaute qui œuvre dans ce film n’agit pas uniquement au niveau thematique, en l’occurrence une histoire de traque, mais egalement au niveau formel. Plus que tout autre film de ce realisateur, c’est surtout par un certain recours a la theâtralite et a un melange particulier d’humour, d’incongru, et d’horreur que ce film joue de la mise en suspens et dejoue les attentes du spectateur.
Manganese carbonate formation from amorphous and nanocrystalline precursors: Thermodynamics and geochemical relevance

The thermodynamic stabilities of different manganese carbonate phases at ambient conditions were determined by acid solution and water adsorption calorimetry. Amorphous manganese carbonate precursor provides a low energy pathway for MnCO3 crystallization analogous to that observed in (Ca-Mg-Fe)CO3 systems where crystallization enthalpies appear to be controlled by cation size (become less exothermic with increase in ionic radius). The surface energy of nanophase MnCO3 (0.64 ± 0.08 J/m2 for hydrous and 0.94 ± 0.12 J/m2 for anhydrous surface) is lower than that of nano-calcite and MnCO3 binds surface water less strongly (−65.3 ± 3 kJ/mol) than calcite (−96.26 ± 0.96 kJ/mol). This probably reflects the greater basicity of CaO compared to MnO. Substantial particle size driven shifts in the MnCO3-manganese oxide Eh-pH and oxygen fugacity-CO2 fugacity diagrams were calculated using the measured surface energies. These shifts expand the stability field of hausmannite, Mn3O4, in both aqueous and anhydrous environments. The particle size driven (caused by differences in surface energy) shifts in oxidation potential (Eh, oxygen fugacity) and pH of phase boundaries could affect stability, a electrochemical and catalytic properties and hence influence geochemical and technological processes. Manganese oxides (mainly hausmannite) dominate at the nanoscale in aerated environments, while manganese carbonate is favored in coarse-grained materials and reducing environments. In supercritical CO2, the expansion of the MnCO3 stability field leads to significant reduction of the Mn3O4 stability field.
Biochemical analyses of human papillary muscles and guinea pig ventricles in failure.

SummaryStudies were made on (a) human papillary muscles derived during open heart surgery in various degrees of failure, and (b) experimentally produced failing guinea pig hearts. There was a significant decrease in norepinephrine from 1.22 to 0.34 μg/g in the experimental guinea pig hearts as compared to normal. There was also a significant decrease in norepinephrine from 0.37 to 0.16 μg/g in human papillary muscle as the degree of failure increased. Glucose-6-phosphate decreased significantly from 0.30 to 0.09 μmoles/g in the human papillary muscles with increasing degree of failure. Similarly there was a significant rise in glycogen from 3.42 to 6.56 mg/g in the guinea pig hearts and from 5.69 to 8.89 mg/g in the papillary muscles. The differences in glycolysis and citric acid cycle intermediates were not significant. The ATP/ADP ratio decreased from 3.84 in grade II failure to 2.47 in grade IV failure. This ratio is a reflection of the degree of aerobiosis in mitochondria metabolism and indicates in f...
Fluoride-Induced Diuresis: Plasma Concentrations in the Rat

SummaryThe rates of urine flow and the plasma fluoride concentrations were measured in anesthetized rats receiving continuous infusions of graded levels of fluoride in isotonic solutions. Infusion of 500 nmoles of fluoride/min produced the maximum diuresis, three times the mean control urine flow rate, and a plasma fluoride concentration of 272 μM. The 100 nmoles/min fluoride infusion rate produced an 80% increase in urine flow rate with a plasma fluoride concentration of 56 μM. These findings are consistent with estimates made for man and with the suggestion that the nephrotoxicity following methoxyflurane anesthesia is at least in part due to metabolism of methoxyflurane to inorganic fluoride.
Pathological Immunofluorescence Study on 165 Cases of Renal Biopsy in Children

Objective To investigate diagnostic value of the renal biopsy in children with kidney disease.Methods For ultrasound guided percutaneous renal biopsy,Both paraffin and frozen specimens were inspected.Paraffin sections were done for HE,PAS,PASM,and Masson staining,and the frozen sections were prepared for IgG,IgM,IgA,C3 and C1q.The method of sample processing was modified to improve production quality(Cuting up,Fixing,Dyeing,etc).Results On the paraffin sections with the four staining methods,a variety of pathological changes was observed with contrast clearly,and a sufficient number of glomeruli over ten was seen on each section.The number of glomeruli over five was observed on immunofluorescence staining of frozen section with clear background.No ice crystals formed,and the fluorescent marker was clear.Positive parts of lumps or linear or granular yellow-green fluorescence staining were seen at the glomerular lesion sites corresponding to the type of the kidney diseases.Conclusion A diagnosis may be made by analyzing the various results with significant improvement in the diagnostic rate of different kidney diseases.