cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diversifying biological fuel cell designs by use of nanoporous filters.

The use of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) inbiological fuel cells limits the diversity of novel designsforincreasingoutputpowerorenablingautonomousfunctionin unique environments. Here we show that selectednanoporouspolymerfilters(nylon,cellulose,orpolycarbonate)can be used effectively in place of PEMs in a miniaturemicrobial fuel cell (mini-MFC, device cross-section 2 cm
The maturational effects of LSD upon brain weight and behavior in the mouse

Abstract 1. Mice exposed to LSD on day 1 or day 7 post-partum showed no altered exploratory behavior when tested by the ‘head poke’ test at 8 weeks post-partum. 2. Male mice exposed to LSD (5·0 and 50·0 μ g./kg.) on day 1 post-partum showed reduced brain weight in some regions of the brain when measured at 8 weeks post-partum. Male mice exposed to LSD on day 7 and female mice exposed on day 1 or day 7 showed no such weight change.
Mechanisms of JP-8 Jet Fuel Cell Toxicity. II. Induction of Necrosis in Skin Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes and Modulation of Levels of Bcl-2 Family Members

JP-8 induces apoptosis in rat lung epithelial cells, primary mouse T lymphocytes, Jurkat T lymphoma cells, and U937 monocytic cells (Stoica et al., 2001). Here, we have observed a different mechanism of cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes grown in culture as well as when grafted onto nude mice. At lower levels of JP-8 (80 μg/ml; 1 × 10−4 dilution), sufficient to induce apoptosis in other cell types, including lung epithelial cells (Stoica et al., 2001), no apoptosis was observed. At higher levels (>200 μg/ml; 2.5 × 10−4 dilution), JP-8 is cytotoxic to both primary and immortalized human keratinocytes, as evidenced by the metabolism of calcein, as well as by morphological changes such as cell rounding and cell detachment. There was no evidence of activation of caspases-3, -7, or -8 either by enzyme activity or immunoblot analysis, and the stable expression of a dominant-negative inhibitor of apoptosis (FADD-DN) did not increase the survival of keratinocytes to JP-8. The pattern of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was also characteristic of necrosis. PARP has been also been implicated in necrosis via its ability to lower levels of ATP in damaged cells. However, fibroblasts derived from PARP−/− mice underwent necrotic cell death similar to those derived from PARP+/+ mice, indicating that the effects of JP-8 are independent of PARP. Immunoblot analysis further revealed that exposure of keratinocytes to the toxic higher levels of JP-8 markedly downregulates the expression of the prosurvival members of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and upregulates the expression of antisurvival members of this family, including Bad and Bak. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL have been shown to preserve mitochondrial integrity and suppress cell death. In contrast, Bak and Bad both promote cell death by alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, in part by heterodimerization with and inactivation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and either inducing necrosis or activating a downstream caspase program. High intrinsic levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL may prevent apoptotic death of keratinocytes at lower levels of JP-8, while perturbation of the balance between pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members at higher levels may ultimately play a role in necrotic cell death in human keratinocytes. Finally, when human keratinocytes were grafted to form a human epidermis on nude mice, treatment of these grafts with JP-8 revealed cytotoxicity and altered histology in vivo.
An Analysis Of Pellicle Parameters For Step-And-Repeat Projection

Pellicles are thin transparent membranes of high optical quality that are placed on one or both sides of an IC circuit mask to protect the mask and to prevent any particulate defect falling onto the mask from affecting the printed image [1]. Pellicles have been successfully utilized in production with 1:1 scanning systems and have given measureable improvements in yield [2].
Effect of crack tip damage on fracture of random fiber composites

Abstract Damage at the tip of a notch in a random glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin has been observed and appears to initiate at approximately 65% of the fracture load. The damage zone increases with increasing load. An effective crack length corresponding to the damage zone has been determined using a compliance calibration technique. Pre-notched specimens have been subjected to constant load and the effective crack length increase determined by measuring crack mouth displacements or compliance changes. It is shown that fracture occurs when a critical value of the stress intensity factor is reached.
Calcium Integrin Binding Protein Associates with Integrins αVβ3 and αIIbβ3 Independent of β3 Activation Motifs

The Calcium Integrin Binding protein (CIB) has been identified as interacting specifically with the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin αIIb domain to induce receptor activation and integrin αIIbβ3 mediated cell adhesion to extracellular proteins. In K562 cells stably expressing mutated integrin αVβ3 or chimeric αVβ3 carrying αIIb cytoplasmic tail, we report that the interaction of CIB with β3 integrins is not αIIbβ3 specific but binds αIIb as well as αV cytoplasmic tail domains. A double mutation of two proline residues to alanine residues in the αIIb cytoplasmic domain, previously shown to disturb its conformation, inhibits chimeric αV/αIIbβ3-CIB interaction. This demonstrates that αIIb cytoplasmic domain loop-like conformation is required for interaction with CIB. Moreover, mutations of β3 cytoplasmic domain residues Tyr-747 and/or Tyr-759 to phenylalanine residues (Y747F, Y759F, and Y747,759F) as well as residues Ser-752 to proline or alanine (S752P and S752A), do not affect the αIIbβ3 or αVβ3 interaction with CIB. Since tyrosine residues Tyr-747 and/or Tyr-759 are the sites of tyrosine phosphorylation of β3 subunit, these results suggest that the β3 integrin-CIB interaction occurs through aβ3-phosphorylation independent mechanism. Likewise, ablation of conformation-dependent affinity change in β3 Ser752Pro mutation had no affect on CIB-β3 interaction. In summary, our results demonstrate that the αIIb-subunit integrin and CIB interaction is non-exclusive and requires the loop-like αIIb-cytoplasmic domain conformation. An interaction of CIB with αV-containing integrins provides an additional role for this molecule in keeping with its expression outside of platelets.
State of the Science of Translational Research: From Demonstration Projects to Intervention Testing

An overview of the effort of nursing in translation research begins with studies in research utilization. Delineation of issues in the uptake of evidence using guidelines and systematic reviews is discussed next. The federal initiatives in translation research are described with a focus on the Translating Research Into Practice (TRIP) studies. The article closes with future directions.
Classification of transforms

Lindsey and Suter have shown that for many transforms the transform of the convolution of two functions have the same functional form. We explain the origin of this result and derive the condition on the transformation kernel for when this should be the case. In addition we consider the general transform of the inverse and direct scale transform and obtain condition on the kernel so that the transform gives similar functional forms.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Kinetic discrimination in the folding of intramolecular triple helices.

We report a study of the physical properties of oligonucleotide intramolecular Pyr.Pur.Pyr triplexes modeled after H-form DNA. The experiments utilized a set of palindromic pyrimidine strands which form triplexes when combined with complementary purine strands. Triplexes of this nature have two possible isomers, one where the 3' half of the pyrimidine strand acts as the third strand (Y3) or one where the 5' end does (Y5). Kinetic studies of these triplexes revealed that the Y3 isomer folded 10 to 50 times faster than the corresponding Y5 isomer. Despite these kinetic differences, the complexes display relatively similar equilibrium stabilities, with seven of eight falling within a 1.1 kcal range. Addition of non-pairing sequence to the ends of the purine strand both reverses the kinetic bias (slowing Y3 formation > 200 fold) and destabilizes the Y3 isomer 1.4 kcal/mol relative to Y5. Three features appear to lie at the source of both the kinetic and thermodynamic variability seen: (1) the prenucleation geometry of the triplexes prior to formation; (2) the accessibility of the major groove to the third strand; and (3) the nature of the triplex loop formed. Based on the data we propose a model for formation of H-form DNA that explains the biases observed for one isomer over the other in different situations. The conclusions have general implications for the tertiary folding of nucleic acids.
Comparative distribution and embryotoxicity of methotrexate in pregnant rats and rhesus monkeys.

Dosages of methotrexate of roughly comparable embryotoxicity were determined to be 0.3 mg/kg on gestation day 10 in rats and 3.0 mg/kg/d on days 29 through 32 of gestation in rhesus monkeys. These times represented similar periods in development. This regimen in rats was moderately embryolethal, slightly teratogenic, and caused some intrauterine growth retardation; in monkeys it was mildly embryolethal, not teratogenic, and caused only transitory growth retardation. Methotrexate was largely cleared from maternal plasma of both species within 8 hours, and in spite of a higher administered dose and initial concentration in monkey, the rate of fall was faster than in rat. The fraction of total drug concentration remaining unbound in plasma was approximately 30-40% during the first 4 hours after treatment in both species. Embryo concentrations, however, were strikingly different during the first 8 hours, ranging between 108 and 209 ng/g in monkey but between 3.4 and 7.7 ng/g in rat. A slow rate of fall in embryo concentrations in both species was estimated to be inversely proportioned to the rate of growth of embryos, which was in accord with the fact that the absolute amount per embryo was little changed in 24 hours. Thus, the degree and type of embryotoxicity was not closely correlated with the level or duration of concentration in the embryos: a small maternal dosage in rat produced moderate embryotoxicity and very low embryo concentrations; a large maternal dosage in monkey produced slight embryotoxicity despite high embryo concentrations.
Verilog Synthesis in the Higher-Order Transformation Framework of TL

The complexity of formalizing the semantics of Verilog is significant. This presents an impediment when attempting to provide high assurance in the correctness of Verilog synthesis. This paper explores the use of higher-order transformation as a paradigm for implementing a synthesis system for a small subset of Verilog. The resulting system is capable of synthesizing net lists in the Xilinx Net list Format that are suitable for downloading to an FPGA. Transformations realizing the synthesis are based on algebraic laws whose correctness can be justified in terms of the operational semantics of Verilog.
3D hierarchical spatial representation and memory of multimodal sensory data

This paper describes an efficient method and system for representing, processing and understanding multi-modal sensory data. More specifically, it describes a computational method and system for how to process and remember multiple locations in multimodal sensory space (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensory, etc.). The multimodal representation and memory is based on a biologically-inspired hierarchy of spatial representations implemented with novel analogues of real representations used in the human brain. The novelty of the work is in the computationally efficient and robust spatial representation of 3D locations in multimodal sensory space as well as an associated working memory for storage and recall of these representations at the desired level for goal-oriented action. We describe (1) A simple and efficient method for human-like hierarchical spatial representations of sensory data and how to associate, integrate and convert between these representations (head-centered coordinate system, body-centered coordinate, etc.); (2) a robust method for training and learning a mapping of points in multimodal sensory space (e.g., camera-visible object positions, location of auditory sources, etc.) to the above hierarchical spatial representations; and (3) a specification and implementation of a hierarchical spatial working memory based on the above for storage and recall at the desired level for goal-oriented action(s). This work is most useful for any machine or human-machine application that requires processing of multimodal sensory inputs, making sense of it from a spatial perspective (e.g., where is the sensory information coming from with respect to the machine and its parts) and then taking some goal-oriented action based on this spatial understanding. A multi-level spatial representation hierarchy means that heterogeneous sensory inputs (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensory, etc.) can map onto the hierarchy at different levels. When controlling various machine/robot degrees of freedom, the desired movements and action can be computed from these different levels in the hierarchy. The most basic embodiment of this machine could be a pan-tilt camera system, an array of microphones, a machine with arm/hand like structure or/and a robot with some or all of the above capabilities. We describe the approach, system and present preliminary results on a real-robotic platform.
Impact of Offshore Nuclear Power Plants Forecasting Visits to Nearby Beaches

A multiple method investigation was undertaken to project the impact of offshore nuclear power plants on beach visitation at adjacent beaches. (1) Related literature was reviewed concerning human adjustment to natural hazards, risk-taking behavior, and public attitudes toward nuclear power. (2) People were interviewed at beaches in three states with respect to: (a) intended avoidance of beaches near a hypothetical floating nuclear plant (FNP), (b) relative importance of proximity to a FNP, when compared to other beach attributes, (c) onshore-offshore preference for coastal nuclear plant location, (d) behavioral impact of the licensing of FNP's, (e) relative tourism impact of coastal nuclear plant compared to coastal coal-fired plant, (f) public concerns about nuclear safety, (g) public attitudes toward alternative energy sources, (h) public confidence in sources of information about nuclear power, (i) visual impact of a FNP, and (j) knowledge about nuclear power. (3) Four beach areas near currently operat...
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Is Necessary for the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Cell Replication and Migration After Arterial Injury

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and, in particular, MMP-9 are important for smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration into the intima. In this study, we sought to determine whether MMP-9 is critical for SMC migration and for the formation of a neointima by using mice in which the gene was deleted (MMP-9−/− mice). A denuding injury to the arteries of wild-type mice promoted the migration of medial SMCs into the neointima at 6 days, and a large neointimal lesion was observed after 28 days. In wild-type arteries, medial SMC replication was ≈8% at day 4, 6% at day 6, and 4% at day 8 and had further decreased to 1% at day 14. Intimal cell replication was 65% at 8 days and had decreased to ≈10% at 14 days after injury. In MMP-9−/− arteries, SMC replication was significantly lower at day 8. In addition, SMC migration and arterial lesion growth were significantly impaired in MMP-9−/− arteries. SMCs, isolated from MMP-9−/− mouse arteries, showed an impairment of migration and replication in vitro. Thus, our present data...
Chemical and ultrastructural investigations of Mycobacterium bovis BCG: implications for the molecular structure of the mycobacterial cell envelope

The mycobacterial cell wall visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of thin sections of resin-embedded specimens is generally believed to consist of an electron-dense peptidoglycan, an electron-transparent arabinogalactan-mycolate layer and an electron-dense outer layer (OL). In addition, a pseudocapsule known as the ‘electron-transparent zone’ (ETZ) has been observed after phagocytosis of mycobacteria by macrophages. TEM of thin sections of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Tice® substrain, revealed an OL bilayer, each of which measured 2–4 nm in diameter. The intermediate electron-transparent layer varied from 1 to about 250 nm in diameter and appears to be a previously observed oxygen-dependent amorphous integument that consists of hot water-extractable neutral polysaccharides, especially a recently characterized α-glucan, comprising about 12% of the dry cell weight. This and other recent studies of BCG have revealed cell-surface features that may provide a better understanding of the outer mycobacterial cell envelope.
MARTHA: architecture for control and emulation of power electronics and smart grid systems

This paper presents a novel Multicore Architecture for Real-Time Hybrid Applications (MARTHA) with time-predictable execution, low computational latency, and high performance that meets the requirements for control, emulation and estimation of next-generation power electronics and smart grid systems. Generic general-purpose architectures running real-time operating systems (RTOS) or quality of service (QoS) schedulers have not been able to meet the hard real-time constraints required by these applications. We present a framework based on switched hybrid automata for modeling power electronics applications. Our approach allows a large class of power electronics circuits to be expressed as switched hybrid models which can be executed on a single hardware platform.
Modeling fibre orientation in short fibre suspensions using the neural network-based orthotropic closure

Industrial methods for modeling the fibre orientation within short-fibre reinforced polymer composites require the use of a closure approximation, whereby the equation of motion for an even-ordered orientation tensor depends on the next higher even-ordered orientation tensor. The orientation within the processed part correlates to the material stiffness tensor; therefore it is essential to have confidence in the accuracy of the selected closure. This paper suggests a novel methodology in formulating a closure by employing an artificial neural network (ANN) training algorithm, and presents the coordinate frame invariant Neural Network-Based Orthotropic Closure (NNORT). Results demonstrate that, for most of the flows investigated, the NNORT closure offers accuracies representing the orientation and the stiffness tensors, equal to or greater than the current industrially employed closures, without any computational increases.
spectral Inputs Improve Corn Crop Coefficients and Irrigation Scheduling

ABSTRACT An algorithm was developed to shift the basal crop coefficient (K^b) curve with respect to its time axis to obtain a K^b in accordance with the real time reflectance-based crop coefficient for corn. Adjustment of the emergence and effective cover dates during vegetative growth made these dates converge on their actual occurrence. Impact of adjustments to the K^b curve on irrigation dates was simulated using the USDA-ARS irrigation scheduling model for two seasons. Simulated results for the 1983 growing season showed one or two-day differences in the occurrence of irrigation dates. Prior to effective cover, irrigations occurred earlier for the simulation using feedback (adjusted K^b). After effective cover, irrigation dates lagged for the with-feedback simulation compared to the without-feedback simulation. An extra irrigation was required prior to effective cover in 1983 for the simulation using feedback. In 1986, one less irrigation was required for the simulation using feedback to the irrigation scheduling model. This was due to K^b curve adjustments that accounted for hail damage and ensuing cool weather that slowed plant growth during early vegetative growth. The first two irrigations were delayed by two and three days, respectively, due to these events for the with-feedback simulation when compared to simulated results obtained not using feedback. Results from the simulation indicated the following: 1) revised or adjusted K^b curves derived from spectral inputs are unique to the individual growing season, 2) conventional crop coefficients contribute to underestimation as well as overestimation of crop ET because they cannot account for variable crop growth rates, and 3) adjusting the K^b curve in response to actual crop growth allows proper timing of irrigations to ensure that soil moisture conditions are ideal throughout the growing season.
The United States Color Standards for Rosin

The new official United States color standards for grading gum rosin are described and compared with the superseded 1923 Lovibond glass standards. The new standards are made of cemented combinations of Jena and Corning glasses, and show a better spectral match with rosin, higher luminous transmission, more regular spacing of colors on a chromaticity scale, and are more solidly constructed than the old standards. Spectral transmission curves for rosins and the glass standards are shown. The standard colors are specified in terms of the 1931 I.C.I. colorimetric coordinate system with its standard observer and standard illuminant C. Chromaticity tolerances are established for duplicate standards.
Automatic parallel control structures in SequenceL

SequenceL is a language that provides declarative constructs for non-scalar processing. Rather than specifying program control structures that, in turn, imply a data product, the problem solver specifies a data product, and the control structures to produce or process the data product are implied. Although SequenceL has been previously introduced in two papers (Cooke, DE. An Introduction to SequenceL: A language to experiment with constructs for processing nonscalars. Software—Practice and Experience 1996; 26(11):1205–1246; and Cooke, D. SequenceL Provides a Different way to View Programming. Computer Languages 1998; 24:1–32), recent improvements to the language have indicated that parallel control structures are also implied by the SequenceL problem solutions. This paper focuses on these recent advances. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Cauchy-Poisson problem in an inviscid stratified liquid

Abstract Based upon the Boussinesq approximation, an initial value investigation is made of the axisymmetric free surface response of a nonrotating inviscid stratified liquid of finite or infinite depth to the initial displacement of the free surface. The asymptotic analysis of the integral solution is carried out by the stationary phase method to describe the solution for large time and distance from the origin of disturbance. It is shown that the asymptotic solution consists of the classical free surface gravity waves and the internal waves.
Tracking function approach to practical stability and ultimate boundedness

A graphical method of analysis is presented for studying the practical stability and ultimate boundeness of autonomous second-order systems. It is argued that these measures of stability are in many cases more germane to design than Liapunov stability. The method incorporates much of the geometric character of a Liapunov analysis, but it is shown that a Liapunov function, relatively difficult to obtain, can be replaced by a set of easily postulated scalar functions which collectively yield the required stability information. Examples are given which demonstrate the use and effectiveness of the method.
Re-examining the machining frictional boundary conditions using fractals

AbstractThis paper presents experimental evidence for the existence of non-Euclidean contact geometry at the tool-chip interface in the machining of aluminium alloy, which challenges conventional assumptions. The geometry of contact at the tool rake face is modelled using fractals and a dimension is computed for its description. The variation in the fractal dimension with the cutting speed is explored.
I-BEAM: Instance Source Use and Research Writing Pedagogy

Joseph Bizup’s BEAM schema establishes a rhetorical approach to research writing pedagogy, articulating four distinct ways writers use sources: for background, exhibit, argument, and method. This article rechristens the framework I-BEAM, identifying a fifth category: instance source use, a constitutive function that establishes the need for the writer’s argument. Instance source moves appear in numerous locations––introductions, textual asides, footnotes/endnotes, and epigraphs––and can situate the writing in both academic and popular contexts. Attention to this exigency move highlights the problem of authenticity in school-based writing and raises questions about sources formative to the writer but invisible to the reader.
A jointly continuous local time for triple intersections of a stable process in the plane

We study the asymptotics of the triple intersection local time for the symmetric stable process X t of index in as x,y→0. This describes the set of “near-intersections” . With we show that has a co...
Catholics, Muslims, and Global Politics in Southeast Asia

This article discusses the role of catholics, muslims, and civic associations in the global politics of the Philippines and Indonesia. The two countries have shared in common with regard to the geographical feature (both are archipelagic countries), the diversity of societies and cultures, and the history of colonialism, dictatorship, ethno-religious violence, and political movement, to name but a few. In addition to their similarities, both countries also have significant differences in particular pertaining to religious dominance (the Philippines dominated by Catholicism, while Indonesia by Islam) and the structure of their societies: while the Philippines is a class-stratified society, Indonesia has long been ideologized by colonial and post-colonial religious and political powers. Apart from their parallels and distinctions, religion --both Catholicism and Islam-- has marvellous role, negatively or positively, in global politics and public cultures, indicating its vigor and survival in global political domains. This comparative paper, more specifically, examines the historical dynamics of the interplay between religion, civil society, and political activism by using the Philippines and Indonesia as a case study and point of analysis. [Artikel ini mendiskusikan peran Katolik, Muslim dan asosiasi warga dalam politik global di dua negara; Indonesia dan Filipina. Kedua negara tersebut memiliki kesamaan, baik dalam hal ciri geografis sebagai negara kepulauan, keragaman masyarakat dan budayanya, sejarah kolonialisme, pemerintahan diktator, kekerasan etnik-agama, serta gerakan keagamaan. Terlepas dari kesamaan tersebut, keduanya memiliki perbedaan, utamanya menyangkut agama dominan (di Filipina didominasi oleh Katolik, sementara di Indonesia oleh Islam) dan struktur masyarakatnya (Filipina ditandai dengan stratifikasi masyarakat berdasarkan klas sosial, sementara di Indonesia ditandai dengan ideologi agama kolonial, paska-kolonial, politik). Terlepas dari kesamaan dan perbedaan antara keduanya, agama -baik Katolik maupun Islam- memainkan peran penting, baik negatif maupun positif, dalam politik global dan budaya publik. Ini menandai kuatnya peran agama di kedua negara itu. Artikel ini menggunakan analisis perbandingan, utamanya terhadap dinamika sejarah hubungan antara agama, masyarakat sipil, dan aktifisme politik.]
Shoulder preparations for collarless metal ceramic crowns: Hand-planing as opposed to rotary instrumentation

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine whether hand-planing the gingival facial floor improved the overall fit and marginal adaptation of a collarless metal ceramic crown. An extracted central incisor was prepared conventionally. Separate impressions were made of the tooth with custom trays and poured in stone. Crowns were constructed and cemented with silicone impression material as the luting agent. The silicone film was captured in stone and sectioned. Film thickness was measured at six points on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The tooth was then modified at the gingival floor by hand-planing the margin to a smooth, flat finish, and the above procedures repeated. It was found that the fit of crowns as measured by the cement film thickness was significantly better ( p
Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a cohort of patients with vitiligo

Background Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence in patients with vitiligo has not been studied. Objective We sought to quantify the incidence of NMSC in patients with vitiligo. Methods A cohort of 477 patients with vitiligo and no history of NMSC seen in an outpatient academic center between January 2001 and December 2006 was established. All charts for patients with vitiligo were reviewed for incident NMSC, and histopathology verified. Age-adjusted (2000 US Standard Million) incidence rates were calculated and compared to US rates. Results Six patients with NMSC were identified; all were Caucasian (>61 years). Age-adjusted incidence rates were: basal cell carcinoma, male 1382/100,000; basal cell carcinoma, female 0; squamous cell carcinoma, male 465/100,000; squamous cell carcinoma, female 156/100,000. Except for basal cell carcinoma in females, all rates were higher than US rates but not statistically significant. Limitations Comparison incidence rates from the general patient population during the same time period were unavailable. Conclusion Health care providers should be aware of the possible risk of NMSC in Caucasian patients with vitiligo.
An Analytical Study of Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Hydrocarbon Combustion With Added Nitrogen: Preliminary Results

The effect of combustor operating conditions on the conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen (FBN) to nitrogen oxides NO sub x was analytically determined. The effect of FBN and of operating conditions on carbon monoxide (CO) formation was also studied. For these computations, the combustor was assumed to be a two stage, adiabatic, perfectly-stirred reactor. Propane-air was used as the combustible mixture and fuel-bound nitrogen was simulated by adding nitrogen atoms to the mixture. The oxidation of propane and formation of NO sub x and CO were modeled by a fifty-seven reaction chemical mechanism. The results for NO sub x and CO formation are given as functions of primary and secondary stage equivalence ratios and residence times.
Evaluation of Ansi/Hfs 100-1988 Flicker Assessment Method

This work examined the method used in the American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations (ANSI/HFS 100–1988) to evaluate flicker from Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays. The standard specifies that “the display must be found to be flicker free for at least 90 percent of a sample of the user population under conditions representative of actual use.” However, the associated flicker compliance test is questioned as not representing realistic office viewing conditions.A psychophysical experiment was conducted to compare the detection of CRT flicker, in terms of Critical Flicker Frequencies (CFFs), under the ANSI/HFS 100–1988 viewing conditions (i.e., 0 and 20 degrees viewing angle, dark ambient, and hyphen-filled, bright-on-dark character screen) with several others, defined by combinations of ambient illuminance, display luminance, display viewing angle, and screen pattern. As expected, the results indicate that these four factors significantly affect CFFs. More...
At the tipping point? Role of formal faculty mentoring in changing university research cultures

The present article focuses on how faculty can be guided in the mentoring process and how formal mentoring programs improve practice, as well as the impact of formal mentoring on new faculty and faculty mentors. The empirical case study described features a new faculty mentoring program in its second year of development in a university research culture in Florida, USA. A goal of early‐stage faculty mentoring programs might be to attain what Gladwell refers to as the ‘tipping point,’ where faculty mentoring becomes contagious. Perspectives and strategies used to create not only an effective mentoring program within research cultures but also a movement entrenched in faculty–faculty mentoring are highlighted. Results from program assessment data are reported, with insights and recommendations from faculty mentors and mentees.
The association of red blood cell n-3 and n-6 fatty acids with bone mineral density and hip fracture risk in the women's health initiative.

Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in red blood cells (RBCs) are an objective indicator of PUFA status and may be related to hip fracture risk. The primary objective of this study was to examine RBC PUFAs as predictors of hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women. A nested case-control study (n = 400 pairs) was completed within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) using 201 incident hip fracture cases from the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) cohort, along with 199 additional incident hip fracture cases randomly selected from the WHI Observational Study. Cases were 1:1 matched on age, race, and hormone use with non–hip fracture controls. Stored baseline RBCs were analyzed for fatty acids using gas chromatography. After removing degraded samples, 324 matched pairs were included in statistical analyses. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were constructed according to case-control pair status; risk of fracture was estimated for tertiles of RBC PUFA. In adjusted hazard models, lower hip fracture risk was associated with higher RBC α-linolenic acid (tertile 3 [T3] hazard ratio [HR]: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.85; p for linear trend 0.0154), eicosapentaenoic acid (T3 HR: 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24–0.87; p for linear trend 0.0181), and total n-3 PUFAs (T3 HR: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30–1.01; p for linear trend 0.0492). Conversely, hip fracture nearly doubled with the highest RBC n-6/n-3 ratio (T3 HR: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.03–3.70; p for linear trend 0.0399). RBC PUFAs were not associated with BMD. RBC PUFAs were indicative of dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs (Spearman's rho = 0.45, p < 0.0001), total n-6 PUFAs (rho = 0.17, p < 0.0001) and linoleic acid (rho = 0.09, p < 0.05). These results suggest that higher RBC α-linolenic acid, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFAs, may predict lower hip fracture risk. Contrastingly, a higher RBC n-6/n-3 ratio may predict higher hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Endoscopic technique for sagittal synostosis

Purpose This study aimed to present a 16-year experience of treating sagittal synostosis with endoscopic-assisted techniques and postoperative cranial orthotic therapy. In 1996, we introduced the use of endoscopes for the management of sagittal synostosis in four young infants. During the subsequent years, we have treated a total of 256 patients with great success and long-term follow-up. Presented herein are the techniques and results of such clinical experience.
Buckling and postbuckling of stiffened elements with uncertainty

The buckling and postbuckling behaviour of thin-walled stiffened elements under uniform compression with geometric and material uncertainties are examined. The uncertainties in the geometry can arise from tolerances in cold forming, and the ones in material properties result from the uncertain values of the maximum stress at buckling and from the scatter in the value of the modulus of elasticity. A convex model is used to model the uncertainties in both geometry and material properties. The results show that in the case of elastic buckling the reduction of the buckling load due to geometric uncertainties can be significant. In the case of postbuckling, the effective width in the presence of uncertainty is found to vary within the range of experimental results.
HIF-1α regulates bone formation after osteogenic mechanical loading.

article HIF-1 is a transcription factor typically associated with angiogenic gene transcription under hypoxic conditions. In this study, mice with HIF-1α deleted in the osteoblast lineage (ΔHIF-1α) were subjected to damaging or non- damaging mechanical loading known to produce woven or lamellarbone, respectively, at the ulnar diaphysis. By microCT, ΔHIF-1αmice produced significantly less woven bone thanwild type (WT)mice 7 days after damaging loading. This decrease in woven bone volume and extent was accompanied by a significant decrease in vascular- ity measured by immunohistochemistry against vWF. Additionally, osteocytes,rather than osteoblasts, appear to be the main bone cell expressing HIF-1α following damaging loading. In contrast, 10 days after non-damaging mechanical loading, dynamic histomorphometry measurements demonstrated no impairment in loading- induced lamellar bone formation in ΔHIF-1α mice. In fact, both non-loaded and loaded ulnae from ΔHIF-1α micehadincreasedboneformationcomparedwithWTulnae.Whencomparingtherelativeincreaseinperiosteal bone formation in loaded vs. non-loaded ulnae, it was not different between ΔHIF-1α mice and controls. There were no significant differences observed between WT and ΔHIF-1α mice in endosteal bone formation parame- ters.Theincreasesinperiosteallamellarboneformationin ΔHIF-1αmiceareattributedtonon-angiogeniceffects of the knockout. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HIF-1α is a pro-osteogenic factor for woven bone formation after damaging loading, but an anti-osteogenic factor for lamellar bone formation under basal condi- tions and after non-damaging loading.
Actin assembly and filament cross-linking in the presence of TW 260/240, the tissue-specific spectrin of the chicken intestinal brush border.

TW 260/240 is a tissue-specific spectrin found in the terminal web region of the chicken intestinal bruish border. We have examined the effects of TW 260/240 on assembly rates and critical concentrations (Co's) for monomer addition at the barbed and pointed ends of the actin filament. For these studies, acrosomal processes (AP) from Limulus sperm were used as nuclei for actin assembly. Under conditions which favor the interaction of TW 260/240 for actin (20–75 mM KCl, 2 mM Mg++) no effect on either elongation rates or Co's at either end of the actin filament was observed in the presence of this spectrinlike protein. The Limulus AP nucleation assay also allowed visualization of the kinetics of filament binding and cross-linking by TW 260/240. Ultrastructural analysis of TW 260/240 binding to actin filaments at their growing ends indicates that TW 260/240 tetramers bind laterally to the filament. Finally, evidence is presented that indicates that filaments cross-linked by TW 260/240 are stabilized against shear-dependent breakage.
Functionalization and block reactions of polyolefins using metallocene catalysts and borane reagents

Abstract This paper discusses the utilization of metallocene catalyst and borane reagent for the preparation of functionalized polyolefins and diblock copolymers containing polyolefin and functional polymer segments. Two advantages in the metallocene catalyst with strained ligand geometry are (i) the excellent incorporation of high α-olefin, including borane-containing α-olefin, into polyolefin chain with relatively narrow molecular weight and composition distributions, (ii) the production of polyolefin with chain end unsaturation which can be effectively hydroborated to form the borane-terminated polyolefin. In turn, the borane groups in polyolefin are very versatile intermediates, which not only can be quantitatively interconverted to various functional groups but also can easily be oxidized to produce ‘living’ polymeric radicals for radical polymerization. With the coexistence of free radical-polymerizable monomers, we have prepared many diblock copolymers, such as PP-b-PMMA, PP-b-PVA and PP-b-PS, most of them would be very difficult to prepare by other methods.
Operation and evaluation of the Willard solar thermal power irrigation system

Abstract The operation of the Willard solar thermal power system is analyzed and evaluated. The 19 kW (25 hp) power system was coupled to a shallow well and sprinkler system near Willard, New Mexico irrigating approximately, 49 hectares. The specific performance of the major subsystems—collector array, thermal storage, and the organic working fluid Rankine cycle heat engine—were determined. Over the summer months, the daily collector array efficiency (based on direct solar radiation normalized in the plane of collector aperature) was nominally 25 per cent and heat engine rankine cycle efficiency 15 per cent. These conversion efficiencies coupled with the numerous system losses resulted in an overall efficiency of nearly 3 per cent on clear summer days. Electrical parasitic losses reduced the system's net power output by about 20 per cent on clear days and greater amounts on other days. The maintenance and repair effort was distributed evenly among the collector array and the heat engine.
GENETICS OF SOMATIC MAMMALIAN CELLS III. LONG-TERM CULTIVATION OF EUPLOID CELLS FROM HUMAN AND ANIMAL SUBJECTS

A methodology designed to eliminate mitotic inhibitor action and involving use of pretested fetal calf serum and careful pH and temperature control has been described by which cells from normal human and animal tissue can be maintained in active growth for long periods in vitro without development of aneuploidy. By means of this procedure, it is possible reliably to establish cell cultures from minute skin biopsies which can be taken from any individual. Clones of mammalian cells with chromosomal markers have been isolated by this means from x-irradiated non-irradiated cell cultures. Application of these techniques to chromosome delineation in large numbers of human subjects; determination of chromosomal sex in patients; spontaneuos and induced genetic changes in somatic mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro; comparison of metabolic differences between normal and cancerous cells and other problems have been indicated.
The Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid by Ectoderm During Early Organogenesis in the Chick Embryo

This study demonstrates that the dorsal ectoderm of the stage 14 chick embryo synthesizes hyaluronic acid. About 49 to 52% of the H3 glucosamine-labeled glycosaminoglycan that is synthesized by explanted ectoderm can be identified as hyaluronic acid on the basis of its susceptibility to Streptomyces hyaluronidase or isolation of chondroitinase ABC digestion products. In addition, autoradiographic evidence shows that the ectoderm, unlike adjacent tissues like epithelial somites or neural tube, incorporates glucosamine into hyaluronidase-sensitive material which becomes largely extracellular and localized in the subectodermal cell-free space. Ultrastructural evidence shows that there is a fine fibrillar matrix between the ectodermal cells and in the subectodermal spaces when tannic acid is included in the primary fixative. This material resembles authentic hyaluronate, similarly fixed, and is absent when tannic acid is omitted from the fixative or when embryos have been previously treated in ovo with Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The concomitant reduction in the intercellular and subectodermal cell-free spaces after in ovo treatment with Streptomyces hyaluronidase supports the hypothesis that the dorsal ectoderm plays a morphogenetic role by contributing hyaluronate to the forming extracellular spaces. It is proposed that ectodermally derived hyaluronate might influence the morphogenesis of subjacent tissues such as the dermatome and neural crest.
Subcortical projections to the occipital and parietal lobes of the chimpanzee brain

The subcortical sources of afferents to occipital and parietal cortex were studied in two chimpanzees with the aid of retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In chimpanzee 1, HRP was injected into right cortical areas 17 and 18; chimpanzee 2 received HRP into right areas 17, 18, 19, and 39. The following subcortical structures were found to project to area 17 and/or area 18: locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, nucleus annularis, nucleus centralis superior, pontine reticular formation, mesencephalic reticular formation, dorsal hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, claustrum, nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae, lateral geniculate nucleus, inferior pulvinar, lateral pulvinar, nucleus limitans, medial magnocellular part of the nucleus ventralis anterior, nucleus paracentralis, and nucleus centralis medialis thalami. Some of these structures may also project to area 19 and/or area 39. The following thalamic nuclei were found to project to area 19 and/or area 39 but not to areas 17 and 18: nucleus lateralis posterior, nucleus centralis lateralis, nucleus medialis dorsalis, nucleus ventralis lateralis, nucleus ventralis anterior nucleus lateralis dorsalis, and nucleus anterior ventralis. In several Instances, the HRP-labeled cells traversed specific nuclear borders, extending uninterruptedly from one classically defined nucleus into another. These results in the chimpanzee largely confirm data from a number of other mammalian taxa on the subcortical sources of afferents to the posterior cortex. Because of the close biological relationship between chimpanzee and man, we feel confident that such projections are also features of the human brain.
Modification of photochemical reactivity by zeolites: Arrested molecular rotation of polyenes by inclusion in zeolites

In this work we have utilized faujasite [2] and pentasil [3] zeolites as hosts to carry out phototransformations of several organic molecules. Although they possess completely interconnecting three dimensional pore structures these two types of zeolite have fundamentally different void space topologies (Fig. 1). While the former consists of relatively large and spherical cages (diameter about 13 A; entrance pore diameter about 8 A), the latter contains only interconnecting channels (diameter about 5.5 A).
Determination of subband populations in tipped magnetic fields

Abstract In a strictly 2D electron gas. the period of the Shubnikov-De Haas oscillations is determined by the magnetic-field component normal to the layer plane. We have studied tipped-field quantum oscillations in an accumulation layer on n-InAs where as many as four subbands can be populated. The observed departures from 2D behavior are in qualitative accord with the Stern Howard picture and with a recent parallel-field-only transconductance study. We do. however, observe oscillations corresponding to subbands which were expected to have been emptied by the parallel-field component. The 2D model is used to discuss subband population quantitatively.