cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Problem-based learning: an effective educational method for a surgery clerkship.

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been implemented during the clinical years in a few medical schools. The purpose of this study is to determine whether PBL provides a better education than traditional methods. Students in the first and third rotations (n = 42) went through the traditional clerkship, which utilized Socratic teaching (SI), while students in the second and fourth rotations (n = 36) were taught by the PBL method. Two performance measures were used to assess clerkship effectiveness. One was a modified essay examination (MEE) administered as part of the departmental evaluation. The other was the NBME-II exam and its surgery subsection NBME-II-S. The MEE was designed to measure six dimensions of the problem-solving process. The NBME-II was utilized to measure knowledge. Unpaired t tests were used to identify statistically significant group differences. The PBL group performed significantly better on two MEE dimensions: (1) differential diagnosis formation (PBL, 92.5 ± 0.8; SI, 89.1 ± 0.5; P < 0.01) and (2) interpretation of clinical data (PBL, 93.3 ± 0.6; SI, 91.6 ± 0.4; P < 0.03). A third dimension, ordering appropriate lab and diagnostic studies, approached significance (P = 0.057), and the PBL group performed better. On the NBME-II there was not a significant difference between the two groups. However, the trend (P = 0.059) was for the PBL group to score higher on the NBME-II-S (PBL mean: 502 ± 15; SI mean: 468 ± 12). When overall achievement was controlled for, the PBL group performed significantly better than the SI group (P = 0.046) on the NBME-II-S. This study suggests two conclusions: (1) PBL students performed significantly better on the surgery section of the NBME-II examination, and (2) some important clinical problem-solving skills may be better learned using the PBL method.
Educational Attainment and Residential Location

The effects of residential location at age 16 and current residential location on measures of educational attainment are estimated. Particular attention is given to the effects of migration and family background on educational outcomes. It is shown that central cities and suburbs of large metropolitan areas in the United States have significantly higher levels of educational attainment. The reasons for this include migration of more highly educated individuals to large metropolitan areas and family background factors that are more favorable to higher levels of educational attainment in large urban areas. It is also shown that although urban advantages in schooling for respondents at age 16 have declined over time, urban advantages for respondents when they are older have increased. Data from the National Opinion Research Center’s General Social Survey are used.
Cleanroom: Edit-Time Error Detection with the Uniqueness Heuristic

Many dynamic programming language features, such as implicit declaration, reflection, and code generation, make it difficult to verify the existence of identifiers through standard program analysis. We present an alternative verification, which, rather than analyzing the semantics of code, highlights any name or pair of names that appear only once across a program’s source files. This uniqueness heuristic is implemented for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, in an interactive editor called Cleanroom, which highlights lone identifiers after each keystroke. Through an online experiment, we show that Cleanroom detects real errors, that it helps developers find these errors more quickly than developers can find them on their own, and that this helps developers avoid costly debugging effort by reducing how many times a program is executed with potential errors. The simplicity and power of Cleanroom’s heuristic may generalize well to other dynamic languages with little support for edit-time name verification.
Post-irradiation deformation characteristics of heavy-ion irradiated 304L SS

Abstract Post-irradiation deformation behavior in Ni-ion-irradiated 304L stainless steel (SS) is examined as a function of radiation dose and deformation temperature. For similar strain levels, specimens exhibit a transition from dislocation slip to deformation-induced twinning at 25°C with increasing radiation dose. At 288°C twinning is no longer observed and highly localized slip occurs by the formation of narrow “channels” containing a reduced defect density. The observations are discussed in terms of radiation-induced defect character and expected deformation mechanisms.
Electrowinning of silicon from solutions of silica in alkali metal fluoride/alkaline earth fluoride eutectics

Abstract The electrodeposition of silicon from solutions of SiO2 in NaF/CaF2 and related fluoride eutectics is reported for the first time. The silicon is in the form of small particles dispersed in the solidified solvent, and a subsequent thermal process is required to isolate it.
A refined cellulose acetate electrophoretic technique for analysis of human pancreatic juice.

Abstract Fourteen to 18 protein bands were found to be present in inactive human ductal pancreatic juice by a cellulose acetate electrophoretic technique. Lyophilization of the samples did not alter the patterns significantly. Quantification of the protein bands was possible by scanning densitometry. Intensity of the protein bands was proportional to the protein concentration of the sample applied. Amylase, lipase, two ribonucleases, two procarboxypeptidases A, one proelastase, two trypsinogens, and two major and two to four minor chymotrypsinogens (in some specimens) were detected histochemically. Active ductal pancreatic juice contained seven distinct and several minor bands. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, amylase, and carboxypeptidase A bands have been identified. A dark band at the origin, which was a precipitate removable by centrifugation, was also found in all active specimens. When benzamidine was used, the migration rate of the trypsin band was altered. Densitometric scans of protein patterns after cellulose acetate electrophoresis and band identification by histochemical methods gave comparable results with DEAE elution diagrams obtained with classical biochemical methods (Fig. 5).
Recent advances in application of liquid-based micro-extraction: A review

Liquid-based micro-extraction is a novel “green” sample preparation technique using micro-litre levels of organic solvent to extract target analytes from various sample matrices for subsequent instrumental analysis. This technique developed rapidly from its introduction in the mid-1990s. Micro-extraction methods can be conveniently combined with a wide selection of instruments commonly used in a chemical laboratory; they significantly reduce analysis time and costs of solvents’ use and waste disposal. This review focuses on recent advances in several liquid-based micro-extraction methods, including single-drop micro-extraction, hollow fibre-liquid phase micro-extraction, and dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction. Examples of application of these methods to environmental, food, and biomedical analysis are listed.
Method for fabrication and verification of conjugated nanoparticle-antibody tuning elements for multiplexed electrochemical biosensors.

There is a critical need for more accurate, highly sensitive and specific assay for disease diagnosis and management. A novel, multiplexed, single sensor using rapid and label free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tuning method has been developed. The key challenges while monitoring multiple targets is frequency overlap. Here we describe the methods to circumvent the overlap, tune by use of nanoparticle (NP) and discuss the various fabrication and characterization methods to develop this technique. First sensors were fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) technology and nickel and gold layers were electrodeposited onto the PCB sensors. An off-chip conjugation of gold NP’s to molecular recognition elements (with verification technique) is described as well. A standard covalent immobilization of the molecular recognition elements is also discussed with quality control techniques. Finally use and verification of sensitivity and specificity is also presented. By use of gold NP’s of various sizes, we have demonstrated the possibility and shown little loss of sensitivity and specificity in the molecular recognition of inflammatory markers as “model” targets for our tuning system. By selection of other sized NP’s or NP’s of various materials, the tuning effect can be further exploited. The novel platform technology developed could be utilized in critical care, clinical management and at home health and disease management.
Effects of a Mastery Versus Competitive Motivation Situation on Learning

Abstract In this study of college student motivation, the author investigated the influence of a mastery goal situation versus a competitive goal situation. A mastery situation emphasizes developing new skills, and a competitive situation emphasizes performing better than others. Students were randomly assigned to conditions and read a passage; 2 days later they completed a free-recall task and took a multiple-choice test. The mastery situation resulted in higher achievement and greater interest; there was no significant difference between groups for learning strategies. The results suggest that mastery-goal-oriented situations have positive effects.
Domestic Violence Court Case Conviction and Recidivism

This article examines the effect of convictions for domestic violence or a related charge on the recidivism of batterers. Findings indicate that convictions reduce the likelihood of domestic violence recidivism. The variance explained by the conviction variable is modest; however, conviction remains significant when the batterers' histories of domestic violence charges and other background variables are introduced. The article also explores the associations between batterers' background characteristics and court convictions, as well as the effect of sanctions on the recidivism of convicted batterers.
AUA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Purpose: To provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE® database (search dates 1/1/83-7/22/09) was conducted to identify peer reviewed publications relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Insufficient evidence-based data were retrieved regarding diagnosis and, therefore, this portion of the Guideline is based on Clinical Principles and Expert Opinion statements. The review yielded an evidence base of 86 treatment articles after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. These publications were used to create the majority of the treatment portion of the Guideline. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence for a particular treatment was assigned a strength rating of A (high), B (moderate) or C (low). Additional treatment information is provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinion when insufficient ...
Understanding sibilancias (wheezing) among Mexican American parents.

Background. Asthma is one of the most common pediatric chronic diseases in the United States; however, prevalence varies across Latino ethnicities, such as Mexican Americans (MAs). Linguistic and cultural issues may contribute to difficulties in diagnosis. Methods. We conducted a qualitative study to assess the comprehension of common words used in a validated asthma questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 40 MA Spanish-speaking parents of 2- to 18-year-old children, with and without asthma, at a community health clinic. Results. Regardless of their child’s asthma status, the majority of parents (12 [80%] with non-asthmatic children; 16 [64%] with asthmatic children) did not understand common Spanish words used in clinical settings to identify asthma (e.g., wheezing and whistling). Instead, parents used physical symptoms and sounds to describe asthma. Conclusion. This exploratory study demonstrates MA parents’ limited comprehension of common words used in clinical settings to identify asthma. Future ...
Molecular tools to track bacteria responsible for fuel deterioration and microbiologically influenced corrosion.

Investigating the susceptibility of various fuels to anaerobic biodegradation has become complicated with the recognition that the fuels themselves are not sterile. Bacterial DNA could be obtained when various fuels were filtered through a hydrophobic teflon (0.22 μm) membrane filter. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes from these preparations were PCR amplified, cloned, and the resulting libraries sequenced to identify the fuel-borne bacterial communities. The most common sequence, found in algal- and camelina-based biofuels as well as in ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and F76 diesel, was similar to that of a Tumebacillus. The next most common sequence was similar to Methylobacterium and was found in the biofuels and ULSD. Higher level phylogenetic groups included representatives of the Firmicutes (Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus), several Actinobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Alphaproteobacteria (Methylobacterium and Sphingomonadales), Betaproteobacteria (Oxaloba...
Priming of Social Distance? Failure to Replicate Effects on Social and Food Judgments

Williams and Bargh (2008) reported an experiment in which participants were simply asked to plot a single pair of points on a piece of graph paper, with the coordinates provided by the experimenter specifying a pair of points that lay at one of three different distances (close, intermediate, or far, relative to the range available on the graph paper). The participants who had graphed a more distant pair reported themselves as being significantly less close to members of their own family than did those who had plotted a more closely-situated pair. In another experiment, people's estimates of the caloric content of different foods were reportedly altered by the same type of spatial distance priming. Direct replications of both results were attempted, with precautions to ensure that the experimenter did not know what condition the participant was assigned to. The results showed no hint of the priming effects reported by Williams and Bargh (2008).
Influenza Exits the Cell without an ESCRT

Many enveloped viruses depend on the membrane remodeling machinery of their host cells to complete their life cycle. In this issue, Rossman et al. (2010) now demonstrate that influenza virus possesses its own device for releasing nascent virus particles from the plasma membrane, the M2 proton-selective ion channel, which can substitute for the host cell's ESCRT pathway.
FOODSERVICE IN CONVENIENCE STORES: MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ROAST BEEF SANDWICHES1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate foodservice processing in convenience stores for microbiological hazards and to identify methods of control. Evaluation of food processing consisted of a modified Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach. Time-temperature relationships during roast beef sandwich production were recorded. Sandwich samples were obtained for microbiological analysis immediately after production and three days later from nine convenience stores. Processing steps where microbiological contamination or growth could occur were identified as receiving, thawing, assembling, transporting, and chilled storage. Methods of control to optimize microbiological quality at these process steps were identified as timetemperature, personnel sanitation, and equipment sanitation. The mean log of colony forming units (CFU)/g for aerobic bacteria in roast beef immediately following processing was 5.71 ± 1.36 and after three days of refrigeration (1 to 5°) in the store was 8.40 ± 1.03. Initial counts following processing were high and showed an increase as time and temperature of storage increased. Staphylococcus aureus was presumptively isolated in 61% of the samples. Plate counts were < 5 log10/g at both sampling times. Convenience stores producing products for wholesale as well as retail sales exhibited more hazards in production than stores producing products only for retail sales.
Increases in morbid obesity in the USA: 2000–2005

Summary Background It is well known that citizens of developed countries are more likely to be overweight than they were 20 years ago. The most serious health problems are not associated with overweight or moderate obesity, however, but with clinically severe or morbid obesity (e.g. more than 100 pounds (45 kg) overweight). There is no reason to expect that morbid obesity trends parallel overweight or moderate obesity. If morbid obesity is a rare pathological condition that has biological causes, the more than 10-fold increase in bariatric surgery procedures over the past eight years in the USA could have even lowered the prevalence of morbid obesity—and may very well stem the problem in other countries. Objective To estimate trends for extreme weight categories (BMI>40 and>50) for the period between 1986 and 2005 in the USA, and to investigate whether trends have changed since 2000. Methods Data from The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (a random-digit telephone survey of the household population of the USA), for the period from 1986 to 2005, were analysed. The main outcome measure was body mass index (BMI), calculated from self-reported weight and height. Results From 2000 to 2005, the prevalence of obesity (self-reported BMI over 30) increased by 24%. However, the prevalence of a (self-reported) BMI over 40 (about 100 pounds (45 kg) overweight) increased by 50% and the prevalence of a BMI over 50 increased by 75%, two and three times faster, respectively. The heaviest BMI groups have been increasing at the fastest rates for 20 years. Conclusions The prevalence of clinically severe obesity is increasing at a much faster rate among adults in the USA than is the prevalence of moderate obesity. This is consistent with the public health idea that the population weight distribution is shifting, which disproportionately increases extreme weight categories. Because comorbidities and resulting service use are much higher among severely obese individuals, the widely published trends for overweight/obesity underestimate the consequences for population health. The aggressive and costly expansion of bariatric surgery in recent years has had no visible effect on containing morbid obesity rates in the USA.
Circuit Design Methodology

The key to energy-efficient circuit implementation, much like architecture and system design, is to focus on energy consumption throughout the entire process, rather than addressing it only as the design nears completion. There are a number of simple rules that will yield an energy-efficient circuit implementations that will be described in this Chapter. Also, if a set of simple rules are followed most CMOS circuits can be made to be robust against the voltage variations of DVS which will also be presented. To demonstrate these principles the design of several complex blocks such as the arithmetic and memory circuits will be described in detail. Because of the importance of bus transceivers, a discussion of an ultra-low energy design will also be given.
Different health behaviours and clinical factors associated with bone mineral density and bone turnover in premenopausal women with and without type 1 diabetes.

Background Women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have an elevated fracture risk. We therefore compared the associations of health behaviours and clinical factors with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone remodelling between premenopausal women with and without T1DM to inform potential interventions. Methods Participants included women with T1DM (n = 89) from the Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study and age-matched and race-matched controls without diabetes (n = 76). Peripheral (heel and forearm) and central (hip and spine) BMD, markers of bone resorption and formation, bone cell signalling, glycaemic control, and kidney function were assessed. Health behaviours and medical history were self-reported. Results In controls, but not in women with T1DM, older age was associated with lower bone resorption (p ≤ 0.006) and formation (p = 0.0007). Body mass index was positively associated with heel and forearm BMD in both controls and T1DM women (all p < 0.0001), but with hip and spine BMD only in controls (p ≤ 0.005). Worse glycaemic control during the previous 10 years, greater alcohol intake, history of smoking, and lack of physical activity were associated with poorer bone outcomes only in women with T1DM (all p ≤ 0.002), whereas use of hormonal contraceptives was related to low bone formation in both women with and without T1DM (all p ≤ 0.006). Diabetes duration, insulin dose, residual C-peptide, and kidney function were not associated with bone in T1DM. Conclusions Age and body mass index may not predict bone health in T1DM women. However, modifiable behaviours such as optimizing glycaemic control, limiting substance and hormonal contraceptive use, and increasing physical activity may improve bone health in T1DM women. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Force distribution by optimizing friction angles for multifinger system

An efficient way of finding the force distribution by optimizing the contact friction angles, which are the angles between the contact forces and contact normals, for multifinger grasping systems is developed. Three steps (projection, residual wrench equilibrium, and optimization) are proposed to solve the force distribution problem. Examples are presented to show how the proposed method works. The results are also compared to those obtained by using Lagrange multipliers. The proposed method shows sufficient efficiency to be used for real-time control applications. >
Robust maximum likelihood bearing estimation in contaminated Gaussian noise

Presents a maximum likelihood (ML) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm which is robust against outliers and distributional uncertainties in the Gaussian noise. The algorithm performs much better than the Gaussian ML algorithm when the underlying noise distribution deviates from the assumed Gaussian while still performing almost as well in the pure Gaussian noise. As with the Gaussian ML estimation, it is capable of handling coherent signals as well as single snapshot cases. The authors analyze the performance of the new algorithm using the variance expression derived from influence function (IF), and then present a resolution test procedure for determining whether a given DOA estimation algorithm can resolve two dominant sources with very close DOAs for a given confidence level. Using the test, one can also check the presence of the reflected path having its DOA exactly the negative of the direct path DOA. >
Statistical Multiplexing of Homogeneous Streams results in Linear Bandwidth Gains

Statistical multiplexing of traffic streams results in reduced network bandwidth requirement. The resulting gain increases with the increase in the number of streams being multiplexed together. However, the exact shape of the gain curve, as more and more streams are multiplexed together, is not known. In this paper, we first present the generalized result that the statistical gain of combining homogeneous traffic streams, of any traffic type, is a linear function of the number of streams being multiplexed. That is, given a fixed Quality of Service (QoS) constraint, like percentile delay, D, the bandwidth requirement of n streams to satisfy the delay constraint D is n x R x c where R is the bandwidth requirement of a single stream that satisfies the constraint D and c e (0,1]. We present the linear bandwidth gain result, using an extensive simulation study for video traces, specifically, streaming video (IPTV traces) and interactive video (CISCO Telepresence traces). The linear bandwidth gain result is then verified using analytical tools from two different domains. First, we validate the linearity using Queueing Theory Analysis, specifically using Interrupted Poisson Process (IPP) and Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) modeling. Second, we formally prove the linear behavior using the Asymptotic Analysis of Algorithms, specifically, the Big-O analysis.
Data assimilation with an extended Kalman filter for impact-produced shock-wave dynamics

Model assimilation of data strives to determine optimally the state of an evolving physical system from a limited number of observations. The present study represents the first attempt of applying the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method of data assimilation to shock-wave dynamics induced by a high-speed impact. EKF solves the full nonlinear state evolution and estimates its associated error-covariance matrix in time. The state variables obtained by the blending of past model evolution with currently available data, along with their associated minimized errors (or uncertainties), are then used as initial conditions for further prediction until the next time at which data becomes available. In this study, a one-dimensional (ID) finite-difference code is used along with data measured from a ID flyer plate experiment. An ensemble simulation suggests that the nonlinearity of the modeled system can be reasonably tracked by EKF. The results demonstrate that the EKF assimilation of a limited amount of pressure data, measured at the middle of the target plate alone, helps track the evolution of all the state variables. The fidelity of EKF is further investigated with numerically generated synthetic data from so-called "identical-twin experiments", in which the true state is known and various measurement techniques and strategies can be made easily simulated. We find that the EKF method can effectively assimilate the density fields, which are distributed sparsely in time to mimic radiographic data, into the modeled system.
The Schrödinger Equation

We shall now make use of the conceptual ideas which we introduced in the previous chapter, i.e., we shall cast, in mathematical form, the description of an electron as a wave, as suggested by Schrodinger in 1926. All “derivations” of the Schrodinger equation start in one way or another from certain assumptions, which cause the uninitiated reader to ask the legitimate question, “Why just in this way?” The answer to this question can naturally be given, but these explanations are relatively involved. In addition, the “derivations” of the Schrodinger equation do not further our understanding of quantum mechanics. It is, therefore, not intended to “derive” here the Schrodinger equation. We consider this relation as a fundamental equation for the description of wave properties of electrons, just as the Newton equations describe the matter properties of large particles.
Hearing-aid counseling: comparison of single-session informational counseling with single-session performance-perceptual counseling.

Hearing-aid counseling can improve outcome but programs are often too resource-intensive to be clinically practical. Here we examined the effectiveness of single-session informational counseling with single-session performance-perceptual counseling. Design: Two forms of counseling were compared: informational counseling (IC) and performance- perceptual counseling (PPC). IC focused on discussing communication strategies and tips for hearing-aid use. PPC addressed the discrepancy between measured and perceived ability to understand speech. Outcomes were measured eight-to-ten weeks post-counseling using quantitative and qualitative measures: Hearing handicap inventory, abbreviated profi le of hearing aid benefi t, psychosocial impact of assistive devices scale (PIADS), international outcome inventory for hearing aids, and a semi-structured exit interview. Study sample: Seventy-four hearing aid-users with symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss participated. Results: Scores on the hearing questionnaires showed no change following either form of counseling. Scores on the PIADS improved for participants as a whole, and the semi-structured interview revealed increased hearing-aid use, better understanding and acceptance of hearing loss, increased use of communication strategies, and improved ability to explain hearing diffi culties to others. Conclusions: A single session of hearing-aid counseling can improve hearing-aid use and satisfaction. Open-ended interview and/or quality of life measures are more sensitive to these benefi ts than hearing questionnaires.
An adaptive regularized recursive displacement estimation algorithm

An adaptive regularized recursive displacement estimation algorithm is presented. An estimate of the displacement vector field (DVF) is obtained by minimizing the linearized displaced frame difference (DFD) using nu subsets (submasks) of a set of points that belong to a causal neighborhood (mask) around the working point. Assuming that the displacement vector is constant at all points inside the mask, nu systems of equations are formed based on the corresponding submasks. A set theoretic regularization approach is followed for solving this system of equations by using information about the noise and the solution. An expression for the variance of the linearization error is derived in quantifying the information about the noise. Prior information about the solution is incorporated into the algorithm using a causal oriented smoothness constraint (OSC) which also provides a spatially adaptive prediction model for the estimation DVF. It is shown that certain existing regularized recursive algorithms are special cases of the proposed algorithm, if a single mask is considered. Based on experiments with typical videoconferencing scenes, the improved performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to accuracy, robustness to occlusion and smoothness of the estimated DVF is demonstrated. >
Single-setting bilateral laparoscopic renal surgery: Assessment of single-stage procedure

Abstract Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of single-setting bilateral laparoscopic renal procedures. The continued advancement of laparoscopic surgical technology and surgeon expertise has allowed increasingly technically challenging procedures to be completed laparoscopically. Little has been reported on patient outcome, morbidity, and mortality of bilateral laparoscopic single-stage procedures. Methods Between May 2000 and February 2004, 13 patients underwent synchronous bilateral renal surgery. Both retroperitoneal (n = 5) and transperitoneal (n = 8) approaches were used. The data were retrospectively analyzed for operative time, morbidity, mortality, and postoperative course. Results Bilateral laparoscopic procedures were successfully completed in 11 (85%) of 13 patients. One patient required conversion to an open procedure because of significant adhesions. Another patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease had unexpected extensive pathologic features in each kidney and was therefore treated in a staged fashion. The mean operative time was 5.5 hours (range 4.7 to 8.5). The mean estimated blood loss was 268 mL (range 50 to 950). Patients resumed oral intake and ambulated within 24 hours after surgery. The mean analgesic requirement was 40.5 mg MSO 4 equivalents (range 2 to 178). The mean hospital stay was 3.1 days (range 1 to 6). Patients returned to partial activity within the first week and enjoyed full activity at 3 weeks. One intraoperative complication and five postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients. Conclusions Our results have demonstrated that single-setting bilateral laparoscopic renal surgery is safe and can expedite resolution of urologic pathologic findings without increased morbidity. Bilateral single-setting laparoscopic surgery should only be performed if the primary procedure has been completed expeditiously and without complications.
Synaptic Incorporation of AMPA Receptors during LTP Is Controlled by a PKC Phosphorylation Site on GluR1

Incorporation of GluR1-containing AMPA receptors into synapses is essential to several forms of neural plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP). Numerous signaling pathways that trigger this process have been identified, but the direct modifications of GluR1 that control its incorporation into synapses are unclear. Here, we show that phosphorylation of GluR1 by PKC at a highly conserved serine 818 residue is increased during LTP and critical for LTP expression. GluR1 is phosphorylated by PKC at this site in vitro and in vivo. In addition, acute phosphorylation at GluR1 S818 by PKC, as well as a phosphomimetic mutation, promotes GluR1 synaptic incorporation. Conversely, preventing GluR1 S818 phosphorylation reduces LTP and blocks PKC-driven synaptic incorporation of GluR1. We conclude that the phosphorylation of GluR1 S818 by PKC is a critical event in the plasticity-driven synaptic incorporation of AMPA receptors.
The rectangular sector-by-technology model: not every economy produces every product and some products may rely on several technologies simultaneously

This paper identifies a fundamental challenge in the development of input-output databases of the world economy intended for analysis of alternative scenarios with a model of the world economy. Primary data sources for individual economies generally do not use the same sectoral classification schemes, in part for lack of coordination and also because not all economies produce all goods. In addition, some economies produce a given good simultaneously using several technologies, sometimes quite distinct in terms of factor requirements and cost structures, information that can and should be retained for scenario analysis. To accommodate the relevant information in a way that is both precise and parsimonious, we introduce rectangular input-output matrices and a modeling framework for analyzing them. This framework extends an existing input-output/linear programming model, the rectangular choice-of-technology (RCOT) model, and integrates it into an existing input-output/linear programming model of the world economy, the World Trade Model (WTM). The desirable properties of the resulting WTM/RCOT model are illustrated through a numerical example. This formulation requires that a criterion be specified to choose among available options, and we discuss some alternative criteria. Square input-output matrices and their inverses are only a special case of this more general formulation, and we show how moving to the rectangular formulation expands the types of questions that input-output analysts are able to address. JEL Classification:C67, C61, F14, O33.
Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection for EEG Waveforms Using Deep Belief Nets

Clinical electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely used to monitor brain function in critically ill patients, and specific EEG waveforms are recognized by clinicians as signatures of abnormal brain. These pathologic EEG waveforms, once detected, often necessitate accute clinincal interventions, but these events are typically rare, highly variable between patients, and often hard to separate from background, making them difficult to reliably detect. We show that Deep Belief Nets (DBNs), a type of multi-layer generative neural network, can be used effectively for such EEG anomaly detection. We compare this technique to the state-of-the-art, a one-class Support Vector Machine (SVM), showing that the DBN outperforms the SVM by the F1 measure for our EEG dataset. We also show how the outputs of a DBN-based detector can be used to aid visualization of anomalies in large EEG data sets and propose a method for using DBNs to gain insight into which features of signals are characteristically anomalous. These findings show that Deep Belief Nets can facilitate human review of large amounts of clinical EEG as well as mining new EEG features that may be indicators of unusual activity.
Incorporating Retransmission in Quality-of-Service Guaranteed Multiuser Scheduling Over Wireless Links

A cross-layer optimization scheme combining retransmission with multiuser diversity is investigated for wireless communications. To this end, the joint design of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) with the retransmission-based automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol is first outlined. This design is then employed to devise multiuser scheduling schemes that can optimally capture the available multiuser diversity and retransmission-induced spectral efficiency gain. In addition, the proposed stochastic scheduling algorithms can operate even when the underlying fading channel distribution is unknown a priori while asymptotically converging to the optimum benchmark with guarantees on prescribed fairness and rate/delay requirements for a heterogeneous network traffic. Numerical results are provided to verify the advantage of these novel methods for multiuser transmissions over Nakagami block-fading channels.
Abstract P2-15-02: Web-Based Patient-Intake Process for Breast Care Center: The Patient Experience

Background: An important driver of health information technology will be an increased incorporation of self-reported patient health data into patient care workflow. We undertook this study to determine the feasibility, satisfaction, and challenges reported by patients related to the introduction of an electronic patient intake tool in an outpatient breast care clinic. Methods: A web-based self-reported new patient intake process was implemented in 2008 at an urban multi-disciplinary breast care clinic. The system was based on a platform developed by Dynamic Clinical Systems (DCS) which was designed to collect, warehouse, and provide reporting of data to inform patient treatment decisions. Patients new to the Breast Care Center with either breast symptoms or a newly diagnosed breast cancer were provided a weblink for data entry prior to the clinic visit. Patients were asked questions regarding medical/family history, symptoms, and psychosocial well-being. Data regarding the survey were compared among age groups using the chi square test. Results: The first full calendar year for which data were collected was 1/1/09-12/31/09 during which 1218 women responded to the survey. Data were evaluated among 4 age groups: 0-18 (n=9), 19-49 (n=508), 50-69 (n=586), and ≥70 (n=115). 400 women (36%) were newly diagnosed with breast cancer; 106 (10%) of respondents had stage IV breast cancer. Overall 94.3% of patients took the survey themselves; 87% took the survey at home, compared to 7% in the doctors’ office. 89% reported using a high-speed (DSL, cable, wireless) internet connection. 69% of respondents completed the survey in less than one hour. Patients who completed the survey in the clinic (n=55) cited lack of access to the internet as the most common reason the survey was not completed in advance of the clinic visit (n=21). 64% of patients indicated e-mail as their preferred contact method; fewer women over 70 preferred e-mail contact to phone compared to younger groups (43%; P Conclusion: Assessment of patients’ experience using a self-reported web-based patient intake form was conducted during the first full year of implementation. Most patients successfully completed the survey and indicated a high satisfaction level with its use. However, some differences were seen between age groups. Overall, Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-15-02.
Electronic Structure of I B − II B Beta-Phase Alloys

Previous research on the theoretical electronic structure of ordered beta brass (${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ CuZn) has been systematically extended to other ordered beta-phase alloys belonging to groups $\mathrm{I}B$ and $\mathrm{II}B$ of the periodic table, and also to disordered beta brass ($\ensuremath{\beta}$ CuZn). In the case of the ordered alloys, the band structures and Fermi surfaces of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ AgZn and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ AgCd have been computed by the Kohn-Rostoker (K-R) technique and compared with results similarly obtained for ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ CuZn. The bands are qualitatively alike, differing principally in the locations of the $d$ bands relative to the conduction bands. The sensitivity of these locations is given special attention in the material ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ CuZn. The problem is partially resolved by resorting to a semiempirical "adjustment" of the $d$ bands. The Fermi surfaces, which are close to the one-orthogonalized-plane-wave prototype, are relatively insensitive to the exact nature of the potential. The bands of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ AuZn and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ AuCd have not been calculated explicitly, although it is reasonable to assume that their electronic structures are basically similar to those of the Cu and Ag alloys. The optical properties of the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ alloys, including their variations with temperature and composition, are discussed on the basis of the computed bands. The bands and Fermi surface of disordered beta brass have been determined to first order of approximation by combining the K-R method with the "virtual-crystal" model. The electronic structure of $\ensuremath{\beta}$ CuZn differs from that of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ CuZn in the following respects: The energy gap across the zone boundary is absent, corresponding to an absence of both the discontinuity in the Fermi surface across that boundary and the "holes" in the corners of the cube. The gap across each face of the dodecahedral zone boundary is reduced from 3.5 to 1.5 eV. Both these effects imply a somewhat more free-electron behavior for the disordered alloy. Finally, the bands are used to discuss the relative importance of electronic contributions and order to the stability of the beta-phase alloys.
Non-perturbative measurement of cross-field thermal diffusivity reduction at the O-point of 2/1 neoclassical tearing mode islands in the DIII-D tokamak

Neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) often lead to the decrease of plasma performance and can lead to disruptions, which makes them a major impediment in the development of operating scenarios in present toroidal fusion devices. Recent gyrokinetic simulations predict a decrease of plasma turbulence and cross-field transport at the O-point of the islands, which in turn affects the NTM dynamics. In this paper, a heat transport model of magnetic islands employing spatially non-uniform cross-field thermal diffusivity (χ⊥) is presented. This model is used to derive χ⊥ at the O-point from electron temperature data measured across 2/1 NTM islands in DIII-D. It was found that χ⊥ at the O-point is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the background plasma transport, in qualitative agreement with gyrokinetic predictions. As the anomalously large values of χ⊥ are often attributed to turbulence driven transport, the reduction of the O-point χ⊥ is consistent with turbulence reduction found in recent experiments. Final...
Analysis of effect of family-centered pediatric high quality nursing model

Objective To investigate clinical effect of family-centered pediatric high quality nursing model. Methods A total of 120 children patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional pediatric nursing model, and the observation group received family-centered pediatric nursing model. Comparisons were made on nursing error rate and satisfaction degree between the two groups. Results The observation group had much lower nursing error rate than the control group, and their difference had statistical significance(P0.05). The observation group had much lower nursing satisfaction degree than the control group, and their difference had statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion Implement of family-centered pediatric high quality nursing model can effectively reduce nursing error rate and improve service quality and satisfication degree in pediatric nursing. It is worthy of promotion.
Research of Government Administrative Decisions in the Temporal Context

The society has entered into a highly complex and uncertain age under the influence of postindustrialization and post-normal science.Meanwhile,the influx of large amounts of information in a short time has posed a huge challenge to the governments'administrative decision-making efficacy.The ability of decision making within a reasonable time is affected by the governments'administrative decision-making time limit as well as the timeliness of their policy outputs.Time,in the form of time limit and time pressure,plays an important role in administrative decision making.The fluctuation of decision-makers'cognitive emotions may affect information gathering,program choosing and the validity of decision assessment, which consequently influences the level and ability of the governments'administrative decision making.Therefore,the administrative staff need to integrate learning into decision making,seize appropriate opportunities in the process of decision retrospect and prospect,and have control over time limit and time pressure.Only in this way could the efficacy of the governments'administrative decision making be improved.
Cumulative AIDS incidence and altered pneumonia mortality.

We grouped New Jersey residents according to age, sex, race, and residence-specific cumulative incidence of AIDS since the onset of the AIDS epidemic: 500 cases per 100,000 people, respectively. We determined mortality from bacterial and viral pneumonias (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] 480.0-486.9) from underlying cause of death files. Between 1980 and 1986, pneumonia mortality increased from 15.1 deaths per 100,000 per year (95% confidence interval [Cl] 10.4, 19.7) to 25.0 deaths per 100,000 per year (95% Cl 19.2, 30.8), an increase of 10.0 deaths per 100,0 per year (95% Cl 2.6,17.3), among those 25-44 years of age in the highest cumulative incidence group for AIDS. Increases in other population subgroups were approximately proportional to each subgroup’s AIDS cumulative incidence. In particular, pneumonia mortality did not increase among those 25–44 years of age in groups with low cumulative incidence of AIDS. Deficiency of cell-mediated immunity, a diagnosis commonly applied in AIDS cases, was listed as a secondary diagnosis in 14% of the pneumonia deaths of persons 25-44 years of age in 1986 and in none of those in 1980.