cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of chaos in planetary systems formed through embryo accretion

Abstract The formation of the solar system’s terrestrial planets has been numerically modeled in various works, and many other studies have been devoted to characterizing our modern planets’ chaotic dynamical state. However, it is still not known whether our planets fragile chaotic state is an expected outcome of terrestrial planet accretion. We use a suite of numerical simulations to present a detailed analysis and characterization of the dynamical chaos in 145 different systems produced via terrestrial planet formation in Kaib and Cowan (2015). These systems were created in the presence of a fully formed Jupiter and Saturn, using a variety of different initial conditions. They are not meant to provide a detailed replication of the actual present solar system, but rather serve as a sample of similar systems for comparison and analysis. We find that dynamical chaos is prevalent in roughly half of the systems we form. We show that this chaos disappears in the majority of such systems when Jupiter is removed, implying that the largest source of chaos is perturbations from Jupiter. Chaos is most prevalent in systems that form 4 or 5 terrestrial planets. Additionally, an eccentric Jupiter and Saturn is shown to enhance the prevalence of chaos in systems. Furthermore, systems in our sample with a center of mass highly concentrated between ∼0.8–1.2 AU generally prove to be less chaotic than systems with more exotic mass distributions. Through the process of evolving systems to the current epoch, we show that late instabilities are quite common in our systems. Of greatest interest, many of the sources of chaos observed in our own solar system (such as the secularly driven chaos between Mercury and Jupiter) are shown to be common outcomes of terrestrial planetary formation. Thus, consistent with previous studies such as Laskar (1996), the solar system’s marginally stable, chaotic state may naturally arise from the process of terrestrial planet formation.
Politicized pedagogy in Morocco: A comparative case of teachers of English and Arabic

Abstract This article examines how Moroccan language teachers perceive good teaching practice. References to learner-centeredness factor prominently in these perceptions, paralleling the policy discourse of the Moroccan government. Language teachers report a varied field of good practice, wherein teachers of English uniquely benefit from patterns of professional development funding, pedagogical research, and symbolic capital. This analysis suggests that discussions of language pedagogy in Morocco cannot be clearly separated from the politics of language. Engaging with literature on the contingent nature of pedagogical knowledge, this article emphasizes the importance of considering pedagogical politics through local frames in addition to global ones. 1
Headache Diagnosis in Children and Adolescents

Headache phenotypes can differ between adults and children. While most headaches are due to primary headache disorders, in a small population, they can be an indication of a potentially life-threatening neurologic condition. The challenge lies in identifying warning signs that warrant further workup. This article reviews different types of pediatric headaches and headache evaluation in children and teens, and focuses on the approach for diagnosis of secondary headaches. Common thought is that increased frequency and severity of headache may reflect secondary pathology; however, headache phenotype may not be fully developed and can evolve in adolescence or adulthood. Headache location, particularly occipital headache alone, does not necessarily signify secondary intracranial pathology. Certain warning signs warrant neuroimaging, but others only warrant imaging in certain clinical contexts. Brain MRI is the neuroimaging modality of choice, though there is a high rate of incidental findings and often does not change headache management. A stepwise approach is essential to avoid missing secondary headaches. There are several differences between adults and children in clinical manifestations of headache. Evaluation and diagnosis of pediatric headache starts with a thorough headache and medical history, family and social history, and identification of risk factors. A thorough physical and neurologic exam is important, with close attention to features that could suggest secondary headache pathology. Neuroimaging and other testing should only be performed if there is concern for secondary headache.
Preschool Teachers’ Preparedness for Knowing, Enabling, and Meeting the Active Start Guidelines for Physical Activity

Most early childhood centers charge preschool teachers with delivering gross motor skill content and providing physical activity (PA) opportunities to children. Little is known regarding preschool teachers’ background and confidence and the extent to which centers meet the Active Start Guidelines for PA (ASGs). Preschool teachers (N = 102) completed an exploratory survey and the Self-Perception Profile for Adults Athletic Competence subscale. Eighty-eight percent possessed no formal background in physical education (PE)/PA while most teachers (77%) were not aware of the ASGs. Most participants (92%) reported that they do not provide daily, teacher-led PE/PA programming, and less than half (47%) provided at least 60 minutes of daily free play. Preschool teachers were found to have below average perceived motor competence. Recommendations are provided for preservice teacher training programs, policymakers, as well as professional development of in-service teachers.
The Infrastructure of Racism: The Institutional Dimensions

The infrastructure of racism is perpetuated by structural dimensions that affect individuals, groups, organizations, and society as a whole. Institutionalized racism transcends the individual level and is supported by scaffolding in American society. This chapter focuses on entrenched systemic racism that operates to create and maintain racial inequalities at the broad societal level. It examines poverty and accumulated wealth as examples of racial disparities that illuminate the operation of this structural form of racism. It also discusses the invisibility of structural racism and describes the interlocking institutional web that, along with the racial scaffolding, assists in supporting the perpetuation of racism. Using a systems theory framework, the chapter describes and discusses the operation of institutional racism on three hierarchical levels—individual, organizational, and societal. The rungs of the racial scaffolding are conceptualized as societal level inputs that contribute to the outcome of racial inequality in the society at large. The chapter also presents and describes organizational racial equity and organizational racial tolerance and gives illustrative examples of how these factors are manifest in employment within an organization/company.
Shoulder and Elbow Deformities

Pediatric upper extremity problems involving the shoulder and elbow are varied and range from acquired, traumatic conditions and chronic, congenital conditions. Knowledge of common pediatric shoulder and elbow deformities will help guide diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
Developability of triangle meshes

Developable surfaces are those that can be made by smoothly bending flat pieces without stretching or shearing. We introduce a definition of developability for triangle meshes which exactly captures two key properties of smooth developable surfaces, namely flattenability and presence of straight ruling lines. This definition provides a starting point for algorithms in developable surface modeling---we consider a variational approach that drives a given mesh toward developable pieces separated by regular seam curves. Computation amounts to gradient descent on an energy with support in the vertex star, without the need to explicitly cluster patches or identify seams. We briefly explore applications to developable design and manufacturing.
Using Interactive Games and Examples to Teach Basic Economic Concepts

This paper presents several interactive non-computerized games that an instructor can use to teach basic economic principles. These games provide a more exciting and hands-on way for students to internalize economic concepts. They serve to break the monotony of the lecture that traditionally dominates economic classes and provides a more memorable alternative for presenting the material. Many economic students have found these games to be both enjoyable and effective. This paper gives an overview of how to use these games to teach the desired lesson along with how to adapt the games to both small and large lectures so that an instructor, upon reading this paper, can incorporate these games into his or her economics class.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogs in treatment of prostatic cancer

Randomized, prospective clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of leuprolide, a synthetic LH-RH analog, in patients with metastatic prostatic cancer. Reliable suppression of testosterone to castrate levels is achieved, and response rates are similar to those obtained with conventional endocrine therapy. The lack of side effects associated with this drug makes it an important alternative in selected patients with prostatic cancer, particularly in those who refuse orchiectomy.
Automated Laser Fluorescent Analysis of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms and Short Tandem Repeats

Genetic typing of Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) loci is today feasible by the use of fluorescent primers in otherwise typical PCR reactions, and by subsequent laser-detection of amplified products during the electrophoretic run. These facilities, derived from procedures now currently used in automated DNA sequencing, allow for rapid and reliable typing of a variety of Amplified Fragment Lenght (AmpFLP) and Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) loci. Their adoption is having a remarkable role in speeding up procedures of forensic investigation (individual identification and paternity tests). We briefly report on our experience in typing VNTRs by a fixed argon laser-beam sequencer (A.L.F,Pharmacia) (1).
How Nonlinear Can Nonlinear Be

The development of the subject of nonlinear acoustics has been described in some detail in previous QNDE volumes. [1, 2, 3]· The subject, however, continues to grow and to expand. Therefore, it is as difficult to define an end to the subject as it was to define a beginning.
Innovative approaches to science education

Moderator: Danny Kopec is Associate Professor of Computer and Information Science and for many years has been interested in problem solving, knowledge representation, and the study of errors made in various knowledge content areas due to lack of knowledge necessary for correct problem solution. Testing and evaluation of knowledge is his specialty.
Getting a Handle on Duplicate Ebooks

AbstractThe academic library is increasingly moving to majority online collections. As the number of ebooks increase due to the current ebook purchasing model most libraries use, libraries are more...
A comparative study of physics-informed neural network models for learning unknown dynamics and constitutive relations

We investigate the use of discrete and continuous versions of physics-informed neural network methods for learning unknown dynamics or constitutive relations of a dynamical system. For the case of unknown dynamics, we represent all the dynamics with a deep neural network (DNN). When the dynamics of the system are known up to the specification of constitutive relations (that can depend on the state of the system), we represent these constitutive relations with a DNN. The discrete versions combine classical multistep discretization methods for dynamical systems with neural network based machine learning methods. On the other hand, the continuous versions utilize deep neural networks to minimize the residual function for the continuous governing equations. We use the case of a fedbatch bioreactor system to study the effectiveness of these approaches and discuss conditions for their applicability. Our results indicate that the accuracy of the trained neural network models is much higher for the cases where we only have to learn a constitutive relation instead of the whole dynamics. This finding corroborates the well-known fact from scientific computing that building as much structural information is available into an algorithm can enhance its efficiency and/or accuracy.
Male fetus susceptibility to maternal inflammation: C-reactive protein and brain development

Background Maternal inflammation in early pregnancy has been identified epidemiologically as a prenatal pathogenic factor for the offspring's later mental illness. Early newborn manifestations of the effects of maternal inflammation on human fetal brain development are largely unknown. Methods Maternal infection, depression, obesity, and other factors associated with inflammation were assessed at 16 weeks gestation, along with maternal C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines, and serum choline. Cerebral inhibition was assessed by inhibitory P50 sensory gating at 1 month of age, and infant behavior was assessed by maternal ratings at 3 months of age. Results Maternal CRP diminished the development of cerebral inhibition in newborn males but paradoxically increased inhibition in females. Similar sex-dependent effects were seen in mothers' assessment of their infant's self-regulatory behaviors at 3 months of age. Higher maternal choline levels partly mitigated the effect of CRP in male offspring. Conclusions The male fetal-placental unit appears to be more sensitive to maternal inflammation than females. Effects are particularly marked on cerebral inhibition. Deficits in cerebral inhibition 1 month after birth, similar to those observed in several mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, indicate fetal developmental pathways that may lead to later mental illness. Deficits in early infant behavior follow. Early intervention before birth, including prenatal vitamins, folate, and choline supplements, may help prevent fetal development of pathophysiological deficits that can have life-long consequences for mental health.
Earnings Management and IPO Underpricing

The purpose of this study is to test whether earnings management can explain the IPO underpricing phenomenon. We hypothesize that IPO firms' initial offer prices are not initially discounted, but instead, are correctly set based on the firms' unmanaged earnings. This assumption is based on the belief that the initial offer prices are set by individuals less likely to suffer from the information asymmetry faced by the secondary market. We hypothesize that the common first day increases in IPO prices are not due to discounted initial offer prices, but are due to first day price inflation. We further hypothesize that this inflation is correlated with pre-IPO earnings management. The results show that there is a stronger relationship between initial offer prices and unmanaged earnings per share than between initial offer prices and reported earnings per share. The results also show that the relationship between initial after-market prices and reported earnings per share is stronger than the relationship between initial after-market prices and unmanaged earnings per share. These results provide support for our explanation of the IPO "underpricing" phenomenon.
“Seeing like a Professor” or Shifting Gears: University Temporality and the Pace of Transformation in Post-Soviet Russia

Over the past nearly 30 years, Russian universities have been buffeted by external forces necessitating attempts to adjust to a fast-changing academic climate, both globally and regionally. Based o...
Use of artificial intelligence to improve access to initial leukemia diagnosis in low- and middle-income countries.

e14117Background: Disparities in access to cancer diagnostic methods affect especially low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Honduras, a country with limited resources of laboratory, and trained ...
Surrogacy and Medicalization: Navigating Power, Control, and Autonomy in Embodied Labor

Gestational surrogacy exposes a group of reproductively healthy women to highly medicalized assisted reproductive interventions. This paper conducts a close examination of the medicalization of the...
A membrane transporter determines the spectrum of activity of a potent platinum-acridine hybrid anticancer agent.

Cytotoxic drugs that are mechanistically distinct from current chemotherapies are attractive components of personalized combination regimens for combatting aggressive forms of cancer. To gain insight into the cellular mechanism of a potent platinum-acridine anticancer agent (compound 1), a correlation analysis of NCI-60 compound screening results and gene expression profiles was performed. A plasma membrane transporter, the solute carrier (SLC) human multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (hMATE1, SLC47A1), emerged as the dominant predictor of cancer cell chemosensitivity to the hybrid agent (Pearson correlation analysis, p < 10-5) across a wide range of tissues of origin. The crucial role of hMATE1 was validated in lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), which expresses high levels of the membrane transporter, using transporter inhibition assays and transient knockdown of the SLC47A1 gene, in conjunction with quantification of intracellular accumulation of compound 1 and cell viability screening. Preliminary data also show that HCT-116 colon cancer cells, in which hMATE1 is epigenetically repressed, can be sensitized to compound 1 by priming the cells with the drugs EPZ-6438 (tazemetostat) and EED226. Collectively, these results suggest that hMATE1 may have applications as a pan-cancer molecular marker to identify and target tumors that are likely to respond to platinum-acridines.
Spin Hall effect in the α and β phases of T a x W 1 -x alloys

\ensuremath{\beta}-W and \ensuremath{\beta}-Ta are well known for their large spin Hall angles (SHAs), while \ensuremath{\alpha}-W and \ensuremath{\alpha}-Ta possess small SHAs. Recent theoretical studies predicted that alloying Ta with W could enhance the SHA. In this work, a systematic study is performed on the spin Hall effect (SHE) in $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{W}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$ alloys in the full composition range from $x=0$ to 1. We have obtained the structural phase diagram and SHAs of the \ensuremath{\alpha}- and $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{W}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$ alloy system, based on x-ray-diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, magnetotransport measurement, and macrospin model analysis. We have observed large SHAs ranging from \ensuremath{-}0.06 to \ensuremath{-}0.23 in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{W}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$ and a maximum SHA of \ensuremath{-}0.59 in 5.3-nm-thick $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{W}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$. In addition, a linear correlation between SHA and resistivity in $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{W}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$ has been uncovered, providing evidence that the SHE in $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{W}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$ is caused by the intrinsic mechanism and/or side-jump scattering. Furthermore, we have observed an unconventional thickness dependence of SHA in $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.25}{\mathrm{W}}_{0.75}$, which peaks at 5.3 nm. The decay of SHA upon increasing thickness is likely to be caused by the \ensuremath{\beta}- to \ensuremath{\alpha}-phase transition.
Comparison of Insulated Tubular Busbars with Different Insulated Structure

In recent years, the low-voltage insulated tubular busbars have been widely implemented due to the merit of high current-carrying capacity. Due to the uneven productive quality, failures of insulated tubular busbar occurred occasionally during operation and the consequences can be serious. In this paper, the recent industry status and technical features of different types of insulated busbars are summarized. Three mature types of insulated busbar are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
Weaving the port into the socialist city: Fluid connections and transgressive movements in Gdańsk and Gdynia:

During the communist era, the ports of Gdansk and Gdynia were Poland’s window – and door – to the world. The merchant marine economy became increasingly important to the Polish state as its foreign-denominated debt grew in the 1970s, but Polish sailors posed challenges to the state’s control of space. Polish sailors travelled across political and ideological borders bringing goods – both declared and smuggled – into the ports of Poland from the outside. They provided key spatial connections and networks for the flow of goods and information into Poland. Polish sailors brought the open, connected and transgressive qualities of the ports into their cities. In doing so, sailors re-shaped the authorities’ notion of fixed and controllable urban spaces of Gdansk and Gdynia into a dynamic movement of goods and peoples, a series of networks and relationships, and points linked to a broader, global web that was increasingly connecting the world.
Childhood Teaching and Learning among Savanna Pumé Hunter-Gatherers : Mismatch between Foraging and Postindustrial Societies.

Research in nonindustrial small-scale societies challenges the common perception that human childhood is universally characterized by a long period of intensive adult investment and dedicated instruction. Using return rate and time allocation data for the Savanna Pume, a group of South American hunter-gatherers, age patterns in how children learn to become productive foragers and from whom they learn are observed across the transition from childhood to adolescence. Results show that Savanna Pume children care for their siblings, are important economic contributors, learn by doing rather than by instruction, and spend their time principally in the company of other children. This developmental experience contrasts with that of children in postindustrial societies, who are dependent on adults, often well past maturity; learn in formal settings; and spend much of their time in the company of adults. These differences raise questions about whether normative behaviors observed in postindustrial societies are representative of human children. This comparison also identifies the potential mismatch between hunter-gatherer and postindustrial societies in the extent to which children may be well adapted to learn from and teach each other. In particular, spending time in autonomous work and play groups develops the cooperation and coordination skills that are foundational to human subsistence and growing up to be socially and productively adept adults and parents.
Hi-NICALON™ Type S fiber tow surface desizing and decarburization via heat treatment

Abstract HI-NICALON™ Type S SiC fibers are the current state of the art commercially-available silicon carbide ceramic fibers with minimal oxygen content, high strength and creep resistance. While their stoichiometry is near 1:1 C:Si, there is still excess carbon present on the fiber surface, adjacent to the fiber surface, and throughout the fiber, from synthesis, and they are shipped under a sizing of polyvinyl alcohol to prevent damage during handling. For incorporation into a CMC, removal of both the excess carbon and sizing while maintaining the fiber strength is desired. This manuscript aims to perform both surface decarburization and desizing of HI-NICALON™ Type S SiC fiber tows while maintaining strength. A mechanism of the two processes is proposed through the use of TPD-MS and TGA-MS. Based on those thermal results, hydrogen and argon environments at elevated temperatures are used to desize and decarburize these fiber tows. SEM, Auger, and SIMS are used to study the fiber tow surfaces to determine the degree to which desizing and decarburization occurred. Tensile testing of treated fiber tows was performed to determine strength reduction caused by each treatment. A combination of hydrogen and argon at 1000 °C demonstrated the greatest desizing and decarburization, and resulted in little to no strength reduction or oxidation of the SiC fibers.
Some Recent Experiments Performed at LAMPF

I have been asked to discuss a few of the more recent experiments done at LAMPF with the emphasis on the physics to be learned. In the limited time I have I will, therefore, ignore the details of the accelerator and the experimental areas and treat them merely as a source of projectiles. Obviously, too, many very nice experiments must be omitted, so if an experiment in which you have an interest is omitted, you may ask me about it; if it is your experiment, you may tell me about it! In this connection, I would like to make an important disclaimer, namely, that nearly all of the work I will discuss is not my own and so, though I will try to answer your questions, I am clearly not an expert. Perhaps some of the many experts here can help us out.
Study of genetic alterations in soft tissue sarcomas by SNP arrays, expression profiling and high-throughput sequencing

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 5678 The objective of this study is to characterize the genetic alterations in several subtypes of adult soft tissue sarcomas (STS) using high-density SNP arrays, expression arrays and sequencing. For this purpose, 144 tumor samples from several high grade STS subtypes (dedifferentiated, pleomorphic and round cell liposarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma) were collected and analyzed with these techniques. A survey of genome-wide copy number changes in these samples by SNP arrays allowed the identification of a number of potential cancer genes, apart from genes already known to be oncogenes/tumor suppressors, that fall in regions of amplification, deletion or loss-of-heterozygozity. Integration of copy number data with expression data yielded several potentially interesting candidates to be followed up with functional assays. On the other hand, we have recently completed the sequencing of 225 cancer-related genes and 496 microRNAs from a prioritized list in 48 samples. This effort has rendered a number of candidate mutations that are being validated with an independent technology. We expect that the observations made in this project will lead to an improvement in the molecular classification of sarcoma and will offer new therapeutic targets for these tumors.
HDAC6 Regulation of Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the male population in the USA and other developed nations. Initially, prostate cancer is dependent on androgens for growth, which provides a basis for using androgen deprivation therapy to treat locally advanced or metastatic disease. However, prostate cancer almost always progresses to a castration-resistant phenotype for which few treatment options with improved overall survival are available at present. Multiple studies have shown that active androgen receptor (AR) signaling is still required for development, growth, and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Thus, targeting AR signaling, particularly androgen-independent activation of AR signaling, in CRPC may result in novel therapeutic strategies. In this chapter, we summarize recent findings on the regulation of AR signaling by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and discuss the potential mechanisms by which HDAC6 influences androgen signaling in prostate cancer. We also discuss the potential of targeting HDAC6 in prostate cancer treatment.
Managing for successful mineral exploration: A review

Abstract The financial returns to mineral exploration are highly skewed - a few companies find exploration highly profitable, while most find it at best a marginal economic activity. In an attempt to identify those characteristics of the successful few, this paper reviews the literature on managing mineral exploration and on two other business activities characterized by long lead times and uncertain rewards: oil and gas exploration and industrial research and development.
Second Critical Point in First Order Metal-Insulator Transitions

For first order metal-insulator transitions we show that, together with the dc conductance zero, there is a second critical point where the dielectric constant becomes zero and further turns negative. At this point the metallic reflectivity sharply increases. The two points can be separated by a phase separation state in a 3D disordered system but may tend to merge in 2D. For illustration we evaluate the dielectric function in a simple effective medium approximation and show that at the second point it turns negative. We reproduce the experimental data on a typical Mott insulator such as MnO, demonstrating the presence of the two points clearly. We discuss other experiments for studies of the phase separation state and a similar phase separation in superconductors with insulating inclusions.
Demonstration of gonadotropin during the second half of the cycle in women using intrauterine contraception.

Abstract A highly sensitive pregnancy test based upon partial purification of urinary gonadotropins by Sephadex gel filtration and concentration of the gonadotropin-containing fraction by lyophilization has been developed. Values over 100 I.U. per liter after Day 22 are considered to indicate conception. They are verified by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in plasma. Urine samples from users of intrauterine contraception were examined at random. Among samples collected after Day 21, 14 contained more than 100 I.U. per liter. In three of these cases, RIA of the β-subunit HCG in plasma was employed and verified the results. The results support the hypothesis that intrauterine contraception interferes with implantation and establishment of pregnancy but not with fertilization and blastocyst formation.
Fantasies and Illusions: On Liberty, Order, and Free Market

Critical thinkers have used various terms to describe the collective imaginary that has real effects on individuals, society, and politics. Freud used the term “einer Illusion” to characterize religious belief in his work, The Future of an Illusion, though many others in the psychoanalytic tradition would turn to the notion of fantasy. Marx sometimes used the term illusion and he notoriously deployed the optical illusion and the phantasmagoria in his famous discussion of commodity fetishism. (And Marx, of course, is the father of Ideologiekritic). Foucault at times used the language of fantasy and phantasms, in an early period deployed the term illusion, and in later works adamantly rejected the word illusion. (He would always resist the term ideology). What is the difference between an illusion, a fantasy, and ideology? What is the right term to describe these collective imaginaries that have real effects on social and political conditions? In this essay, the first of a triptych, I explore the relation between two of these notions, namely illusions and fantasies, in the concrete context of the myth of the “free market.”
Radioimmunoassay of serum estrogen.

Radioimmunoassay of serum estrogen (sum of estrone and estradiol-17β) in 0.5 ml of human serum is described. After dilution of the serum, the estrogens are adsorbed on a Sephadex G-15 column in the presence of dilute HCl and then eluted with benzene. After evaporation of the benzene eluate, the estrogens are dissolved in bovine serum albumin (5 g/ liter solution, at pH 8.0). An aliquot of this solution is used for the assay. Serum estrogen concentrations (mean ± SD) were 69 ± 23 pg/ml in 105 normal men and 199 ± 146 pg/ml in 26 fertile women. In 109 postmenopausal women, estrogen was undetectable in seven sera, but in the remaining 102 it was 52 ± 30 pg/ml of serum.
Convective Transport Finite Element Analog

A finite element method for solving two-dimensional steady convective heat transfer problems is presented and applied to three test cases for verification. The fully nonlinear momentum equations are cast in fourth-order streamfunction form and functionals for the heat and streamfunction equations are formed by the Galerkin Method. Cubic interpolants are used to form the stiffness matrices and a Newton Raphson weighted average iteration scheme is used to solve the coupled problem. Three cavity problems are analyzed: (1) A shear driven homogeneous cavity; (2) the hot wall cavity problem; and (3) a shear driven stably stratified cavity problem. Nonlinear solutions to the last two problems were achieved by incremental loading. When compared to previous solutions the approach is very stable and converges quite rapidly with a minimum of computer storage.
Unlocking the museum: a manifesto

At the same time that the Internet is becoming more accessible to large numbers of people and information consumers are becoming information producers, traditional methods of organizing, describing, and providing access to "documents" are being overwhelmed by the ever-increasing number of digitized materials. Another parallel occurrence is the disappearance of cultural and indigenous knowledge as environments and peoples cease to exist. Therefore, the knowledge and ability to build and describe collections needs to be spread among a larger distributed group of participants. Three mechanisms are needed to facilitate this "unlocking" of collections and their management: the distributed description and annotation of documents, distributed collection building, and distributed knowledge creation.
MyPlate analysis of central Texas child-care centers’ lunch menus reveals improvements after Best Food for Families, Infants, and Toddlers workshop intervention (624.24)

Approximately 32% of US children ages 2-19 are overweight or obese. Because most children spend up to 35 hours/week in child-care, the child-care center (CCC) is an optimum venue for fostering prop...
Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men

Current classification systems create typologies of authoritarian regimes that may overlook the importance of national policies. Rwanda and Ethiopia in particular are perplexing case studies of post-1990s governance. Both nations are characterized by high growth economies with significant state involvement and the formal institutions of democracy, but deeply troubling patterns of domestic governance. This article proposes a new category of authoritarianism called "developmental authoritarianism," which refers to nominally democratic governments that provide significant public works and services while exerting control over nearly every facet of society. The article then reflects upon the durability and implications of this form of governance.
Neurologic Deficits Including Auditory Loss and Recovery of Function in Horses with Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy.

Background Auditory loss is a common deficit in horses with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO), however, recovery of function is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate neurologic function with emphasis in audition in horses with THO after treatment. To describe anatomical alterations of the petrous temporal bone that might result in auditory loss. Animals Twenty-four horses with a clinical diagnosis of THO. Methods Prospective study. A brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) study was done as part of the criteria for inclusion in horses with a clinical diagnosis of THO from the years of 2005 to 2014. Physical and neurologic status and BAER findings were recorded. Brainstem auditory evoked response variables were compared by using Wilcoxon sign test. Fisher's exact test was also used. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The most common signs included auditory loss (100% of horses), vestibular and facial nerve dysfunction (83%), and exposure ulcerative keratitis (71%). Concurrent left laryngeal hemiparesis was observed in 61% of horses through endoscopy. Auditory dysfunction was bilateral in 50% of the cases (complete and partial), and unilateral affecting more commonly the right ear (R = 8, L = 4). Short- and long-term follow-up revealed persistent auditory loss in all horses based on abnormal response to sound, and further confirmed through a BAER in 8 horses. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Auditory dysfunction appears to be a permanent neurologic deficit in horses diagnosed with THO despite overall neurologic improvement.
An Autoregressive Process for Beta Random Variables

Two stationary first-order autoregressive processes with Beta marginal distributions are presented. They are both linear, additive processes but the coefficients are Beta random variables. Their autocorrelation functions are investigated: one is positive and the other alternates in sign. The usefulness of the models in simulation is discussed. The Bivariate Beta distributions of two consecutive observations are considered in some detail. Several examples are given, including a Bivariate Uniform process which is also examined in detail. The relationship of these Bivariate Beta distributions to the Dirichlet distribution is discussed.
A Reflected-Wave Ruby Maser with K-Band Tuning Range and Large Instantaneous Bandwidth

A novel maser concept is outlined and a unique design described which permits wide bandwidth and waveguide tuning range by employing four stages cascaded via cryogenically cooled circulators. Theoretical considerations for gain, bandwidth, gain ripple, and noise temperature are included. Operated on a chased-cycle helium refrigerator with a superconducting persistence-mode magnet, the four-stage amplifier is tunable from 18.3 to 26.6 GHz with 30 dB of net gain and achieves 240 MHz of 3-dB bandwidth near the center of this band. The measured noise temperature is 13/spl plusmn/2 K referred to the room-temperature input flange. Applications are foreseen utilizing cooled parametric downconverters and upconverters with this amplifier at IF to extend the low-noise performance up to millimeter frequencies and down to L-band for radio astronomy and planetary spacecraft communication.
Karyotype-phenotype correlation: mosaic trisomy 8 and partial trisomies of different segments of chromosome 8.

In the last few years we have witnessed increasingly sophisticated correlations of phenotypes and karyotypes: specific features or combinations of features can be accounted for by particular chromosome changes. The effort by Dr. A. Schinzel (1977) to localize the chromosomal determinants of the Warkany (mosaic trisomy 8) syndrome (Riccardi, 1977) is representative of many publications designed to establish phenotype-karyotype correlations. Often the data are too circumscribed or there may be the other biases that vitiate, if not invalidate, the professed correlation. I believe Dr. Schinzel's conclusion, that the major features of the Warkany syndrome are not determined by genes on distal 8q, is incorrect. My opinion to the contrary has already been published (Riccardi, 1977), so I will consider here only highlights of the argument and indicate why this is a particularly important issue. Abnormalities of chromosome 8 on both acquired (Mitelman and Levan, 1976) and congenital (Riccardi, 1977; Kosztolanyi et al., 1976) bases are not uncommon. Congenital trisomy 8, almost always in a mosaic pattern, is probably one of the most common autosomal trisomies after those involving chromosomes 21, 18, and 13 (Riccardi, 1977). Congenital trisomy 8 has been associated with malignancy in three instances [leukemia (Gaffer et al., 1976), Wilms tumor (Niss and Passarge, 1976), and rhabdomyosarcoma (Danks and Sillence, 1977)] and acquired chromosome 8 aneuploidy and structural rearrangements both may be features of leukemias and solid tumors (Mitelman and Levan, 1976). Thus, there will be many lessons to be learned from chromosome-8 aneuploidy and structural changes, and we must be careful not to ascribe or proscribe fundamental associations prematurely. I have previously tabulated the key features of 65 trisomy-8 patients and compared them with those of previous duplication-8q patients and found that the two groups overlap sufficiently to warrant the conclusion that the features of congenital mosaic trisomy 8 (Warkany syndrome) are determined by genes on
Direct Observation of Defect Dynamics in Nanocrystalline CaF2: Results from 19F MAS NMR Spectroscopy

The structure and F−-ion dynamics in nanocrystalline CaF2 is studied using 19F fast magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy in the temperature range 22 °C ≤ T ≤ 240 °C. The 19F MAS NMR spectra of nanocrystalline CaF2 (diameter ∼ 25 nm) shows the presence of ∼0.55% of the F− ions in interstitial sites that are found to be highly mobile at elevated temperatures and undergo rapid site exchange with regular fluorine sites in the lattice via hopping. It is shown that an increased concentration of these defects formed in nanocrystalline CaF2 may result in an enhancement in ionic conductivity by nearly 3 orders of magnitude compared to that of bulk CaF2.
Effects of prostaglandin E2 and indomethacin on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase activity in isolated kidney cells of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (1 μM) and indomethacin (IN) (20 μM) on 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 production were studied in renal cell suspensions isolated from control, stroptozotocin-induced diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Renal cortex cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion, and preincubated for 30 min at 37°C with the appropriate additive(s) followed by a 1 h incubation with 8 nM 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in serumfree medium. Radioactivity incorporated into that fraction of the cell suspension extract co-eluting with synthetic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on high pressure liquid chromatography was determined All animals were raised for 5 weeks on a vitamin D-deficient diet. Isolated kidney cells from vitamin D-deficient rats showed dose-dependent response of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 production to PGE2. Cells from control animals demonstrated a stimulatory effect of PGE2 (P<0.05) and a suppressive effect of IN (P<0.01) on 1,24 dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. In contrast, cells from diabetic rat kidneys failed to respond to these agents, alterations which were reversed by insulin treatment. The accumulated data suggest that depressed synthesis of 1,24 dihydroxyvitamin D3 previously observed in the experimental diabetic rat is due, at least in part, to an impaired production and response to PGE2-like prostaglandins.
Four answers to four questions (about risk communication)

As captured in the title The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, science was once seen as extending the knowledge sought by philosophy. As captured in Marx’s well-known dictum, that kn...
Five Methods for Determination of Silage Dry Matter

Abstract Dry matter contents of 18 high-moisture feed samples were determined by : 1) Oven drying at 100C, 2) oven drying at 70C, 3) freeze drying, 4) toluene distillation (uncorrected), and 5) toluene distillation (corrected). Means for the five methods were: 1) 44.44, 2) 46.80, 3) 47.21, 4) 47.70, and 5) 48.24%. Up to 14.64% loss of dry matter by drying depended upon the method and the sample. Oven drying at 100C caused maximum loss of dry matter while toluene distillation (corrected) showed the highest dry matter in all samples and is assumed to be most accurate of the systems compared. Corrections for volumes of total acids, ethanol, and ammonia in the toluene distillate caused significant changes in the dry matter compared to uncorrected toluene distillation method. The apparatus for toluene distillation was modified from those described in the literature which along with other considerations reduced distillation time from between 6 and 8 to 1.5 hours.
Timeshare industry structure and competitive analysis

Abstract The following research report highlights the major trends of consolidation and concentration in timeshare, and the growing importance of the hospitality brands. It shows how the industry is ‘polarising’ between a few large publicly quoted multi-site branded operators and a multitude of small, independent single-site firms. The latter, often inadequately capitalised, will rely heavily on the exchange organisations strength, and will have to carve out a specialist niche or be absorbed in some way by a bigger player to avoid the risk of going out of business.
Autoradiographic localization of neuroleptic and dopamine receptors in the caudate-putamen and substantia nigra: Effects of lesions

The localization of neuroleptic receptors was studied in the caudate-putamen (CP) and the zona compacta of the substantia nigra using light microscopic autoradiography of 3H-spiperone binding sites. Lesion of the dopaminergic input to the caudate-putamen produced an increase in receptors in the CP, possibly reflecting denervation supersensitivity. Kainic acid lesions and decortication produced significant decreases of 61% and 18% in striatal receptors. This suggests that in the caudate-putamen most of the dopamine receptors are on intrastriatal neurons, but some are also localized to the afferents from the cortex. Lesion of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway produced a large (48%) decrease in receptor sites in the substantia nigra zona compacta while kainic acid intrastrially and striato-nigral pathway lesions had no significant effect. These results suggest that the majority of dopamine receptors in the zona compacta which bind neuroleptics are located on cell bodies and processes of dopaminergic neurons and are anatomically distinct from dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase sites.
Neoplastic Conversion in vitro of Newborn Mouse Thymic Cells.

SummaryNewborn mouse thymic cells were cultured in vitro for over 2 years and their possible malignant conversion was tested by injecting the cultured cells into newborn and adult syngeneic hosts. While no tumors grew in the adults, one tumor grew subcutaneously at the site of injection in 9 of the 40 newborns and in one newborn a tumor grew in the retroperitoneum. All tumors had identical morphological characteristics. Two of the tumors so obtained were transplanted and are at present at the 17th transplant generation.
Extraction and Analysis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Comparison of Methods and Extracellular Polymeric Substance Levels in Salmonella pullorum SA 1685

Abstract Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and composition for Salmonella pullorum SA 1685 exposed to artificial groundwater (AGW) has been examined utilizing three EPS extraction methods: lyophilization, ethanol, and sonication. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the robustness of three EPS extraction methods and the sensitivity of each to subtle changes in solution ionic strength (IS) and duration of exposure. EPS extraction and analysis was conducted via sugar and protein analyses using the phenol sulfuric acid and Lowry methods, respectively, after 0-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-h incubation times in AGW with 10−2.5, 10−2, and 10−1.5 M IS. Lyophilization and ethanol methods resulted in a greater amount of EPS extracted than the sonication method (mass of EPS/cell), yet these methods fluctuated to a greater extent in the total amount—or level—of EPS extracted under the various test conditions. Systematic comparisons and extensive statistical analyses were conducted between the various...
Optical technology: considerations for collection development

Abstract Collection development librarians are confronting yet another new technology, the optical media. The industry is fast-paced and vacillating. New prototypes and products are introduced in rapid succession. Prices are fluctuating with the demand in the marketplace. This presents unique considerations for collection managers. How will optical technology, particularly CD-ROM, affect the collecting of print and use of online sources? The potential impact of optical technology on library users, user education, collection management, and library budgets is explored in this paper.