cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Declining Rates of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and Carriage of Candida albicans Associated with Trends Toward Reduced Rates of Carriage of Fluconazole-Resistant C. albicans in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Infected Patients

In order to determine the current prevalence and incidence of fluconazole-resistant oropharyngeal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, we conducted a prospective observational study of a consecutive series of HIV-infected patients. Of 128 enrolled patients, 70 patients completed four quarterly follow-up visits over a period of 1 year. Over this period, declining rates of carriage of Candida albicans (from 61% to 39%; P = .008) and of oropharyngeal candidiasis (from 30% to 4%; P or = 64 micrograms/mL) were also seen. During the survey period, the mean (median) number of antiretroviral agents used per patient rose from 0.5 (0) to 1.8 (2) (P < .001). Thus, rather than progression, we observed declining rates of oropharyngeal candidiasis, C. albicans carriage, and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans in a cohort of HIV-infected patients treated with increasingly effective antiretroviral therapy.
Past Activism, Party Pressure, and Ideology: Explaining the Vote to Deploy Korean Troops to Iraq

Studies have found that participation in social movements has long-term consequences for individuals' personal life choices and political beliefs. An important but understudied subject in this literature is the impact of past activism on political behavior in an institutional context. The entry of past activists into Korea's National Assembly offers a unique opportunity to assess the continuing effects of movement participation in the context of institutional politics. Analyzing roll call data related to Korea's participation in the Iraq War, we explore the relative effects of movement participation and institutional pressure after accounting for legislators' current ideological positions. Results from regression analyses show that while party and ideology remain strong predictors of voting behavior, past participation in social movements continues to influence political action. This study extends the scope of research on the consequences of social movements by pointing to the impact of movement participa...
Abstract 5095: Biochanin A, a natural isoflavone inhibits angiogenesis in glioma.

Malignant gliomas like glioblastoma multiforme are the most lethal form of adult brain tumor. Patients with this disease survive for only 12-15 months after diagnosis. Angiogenesis, a process of formation of new blood vessels is a pathological hallmark of glioblastoma and plays an important role in tumor growth and survival. Although angiogenesis holds promise as a drug target, recent studies have highlighted that glioblastoma acquires aggressive invasive characteristics when treated with anti-angiogenic monotherapy. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for therapies which effectively target angiogenesis and limit invasion in glioblastoma. Previously, our laboratory has found that biochanin A, a dietary isoflavone inhibits invasion in human glioblastoma cells. In this study, we determined the effects of biochanin A on brain tumor angiogenesis using rat brain tumor cells (C6) and endothelial (bEnd.3) cells. Our cell survival data indicate a dose dependent decrease in cell survival of both C6 and bEnd.3 cells treated with biochanin A (5μM-70μM) for 72 hours. Biochanin A also inhibited ERK and AKT pathway in these cells. Zymography invasion assay demonstrated a decrease in enzymatic activity of MMP9s in biochanin A treated C6 and bEnd.3 cells. Apart from these signaling molecules, angiogenesis is also driven by hypoxia through upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) which releases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key player of angiogenesis. We found that biochanin A at 35 μM inhibited protein expressions of both HIF-1α and VEGF in C6 cells treated with cobalt chloride, a chemical inducer of hypoxia. Biochanin A was also effective in inhibiting angiogenesis in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane model. These findings indicate that we may use biochanin A as a dual targeted agent that inhibits two processes, invasion and angiogenesis at similar concentrations. Thus, our study will allow the formulation of new and improved therapies for glioblastoma and ultimately enhance patient survival. (This study was supported by NIH INBRE grant #P20R16454, University Research Committee grant and Mountain States Tumor and Medical Research Institute grant). Citation Format: Aditi Jain, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan. Biochanin A, a natural isoflavone inhibits angiogenesis in glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5095. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5095
Chemistry: Impact of Reducing Blood Sample Size on the Incidence of Transfusion in a Neonatal ICU

Pennsylvania Hospital (Philadelphia) eliminated its central blood gas laboratory and installed portable clinical analyzers in the intensive care units (ICU) and the central laboratory. We retrospectively compared the number of blood gases performed, the amount of blood gas-related blood loss, and transfusion rates for the 6 months before and after installation of the analyzers. The blood gas-related blood loss per admission to the neonatal ICU decreased from 24.1 mL to 6.7 mL, a statistically significant difference. Per admission to the neonatal ICU, the number of blood gas analyses performed decreased from 80 to 66, and the number of transfusions decreased from 8 to 6. Although these differences were not statistically significant, a downward trend was indicated.
Impact of caregiver readiness on outcomes of a nonpharmacological intervention to address behavioral symptoms in persons with dementia.

Background Previous research shows that nonpharmacological strategies may effectively manage behavioral symptoms (agitation, wandering) in persons with dementia and improve caregiver wellbeing. However, strategies depend upon caregivers for their implementation. We examine the impact of caregiver readiness to use nonpharmacological strategies on treatment outcomes. Methods Data were from a randomized trial involving 110 family caregivers in the treatment group which received nonpharmacologic strategies for managing behavioral symptoms. Interventionists rated caregiver readiness to use nonpharmacologic strategies as pre-action (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation) or action at treatment initiation and conclusion. Caregivers in pre-action and action stages by treatment conclusion (16 weeks) were compared on proximal (frequency of, and caregiver upset and confidence with targeted behaviors) and more distal (caregiver burden and wellbeing) outcomes at 16 and 24-week follow-ups. Results By treatment conclusion, 28.2% (n = 31) and 71.8% (n = 79) of caregivers were rated at pre-action and action respectively. Means for proximal outcomes differed between the groups at 16 and 24 weeks; those at action showed greater improvement on all proximal and distal outcomes. Hierarchical regressions showed significant relationships of readiness to targeted outcomes. By 24 weeks, caregiver readiness predicted lower frequency estimates of targeted behaviors (β = −.180, p = .041) and higher confidence (β = .27, p = .009). Readiness was not a significant predictor of caregiver burden and wellbeing at 16 or 24 weeks. Conclusion By treatment conclusion, >25% of participants were not activated to use nonpharmacologic strategies. Activated caregivers reported greater decline in distressing behavioral symptoms, and more confidence than non-activated participants. Activation is needed to impact behavioral management but not other caregiver outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized injection shift factors and application to estimation of power flow transients

This paper proposes a method to estimate transmission line flows in a power system during the transient period following a loss of generation or increase in load contingency by using linear sensitivity injection shift factors (ISFs). Traditionally, ISFs are computed from an offline power flow model of the system with the slack bus defined. The proposed method, however, relies on generalized ISFs estimated via the solution of a system of linear equations that arise from high-frequency synchronized measurements obtained from phasor measurement units. Even though the generalized ISFs are obtained at the predisturbance steady-state operating point, by leveraging inertial and governor power flows during appropriate time-scales, they can be manipulated to predict active transmission line flows during the post-contingency transient period.
Abstract 5372: Cocaine enhances HIV-1 integration by modulating the epigenetic signatures of CD4+ T cells.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) has claimed the lives of over 25 million people. Illicit drug use serves as a co-factor for HIV/AIDS. Cocaine, a commonly used drug among HIV-1 positive individuals, serves as a cofactor for HIV-1 infection and progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Previous studies suggest that cocaine increases HIV-1 replication in cell cultures, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and animal models. However, the mechanism by which cocaine enhances HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells remains largely unknown. During HIV-1 replication, the viral genome is reverse transcribed into a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). This viral dsDNA is transported into the nucleus in the form of a pre-integration complex (PICs) that contains the viral integrase (IN) and other viral and cellular proteins. Integration is a critical step in the HIV-1 life cycle. The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of cocaine on HIV-1 integration by its modulation of epigenetic signatures of CD4+ T cells. However, there are no studies on cocaine-induced integration in CD4+ T cells which serves as the main targets for HIV-1 replication in vivo. A correlation between DNA methylation and HIV-1 integration is yet to be demonstrated biochemically and mechanistic information is limited. Experimental strategy for in vitro study involves the production of infectious HIV-1 NL4.3 virus, isolation of HIV-1 PICs from SupT1 lymphoma infected cells and carrying out integration assay. Our preliminary data demonstrates cocaine and DNA demethylating agent (5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine) both enhance HIV-1 integration. The isolated PICs are active in integrating viral DNA into target DNA and integration was more efficient in unmethylated DNA than methylated DNA. To confirm integration activity, we performed quantitative nested PCR analysis using primers specific to the target and viral DNA. We propose that results from this project will help us better understand the role of cocaine in HIV-integration by modulating the epigenetic signatures of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, understanding the molecular details of HIV-1 integration will aid in the discovery of novel targets that can synergize with integrase inhibitors as part of an approach to cure HIV/AIDS. *Amma Addai is supported by T32 grant #2T32H007735-17 from NIH/NHLBI to Dr. S. E. Adunyah Citation Format: Amma Addai, Chandravanu Dash. Cocaine enhances HIV-1 integration by modulating the epigenetic signatures of CD4+ T cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5372. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5372
Analysis of Vibration Fault of Steam Turbine LP Rotor

The vibration fault in low pressure turbine rotor is one of the key causes,which influences safe and stable operation of turbine-generator units.According to the testing and treatment for vibration fault of turbine-generator units, combined with construction features of low pressure rotor,the causes of vibration fault are summarized and analyzed.In the light of fault sorts,the corresponding countermeasures to recognize failure and avoid its expanding are put forward.
Die Reise zu den Großeltern

Soeben hat der Herr Pfarrer sein Mittagsschlafchen gehalten, jetzt bedeckt er die weisen Locken mit dem schwarzen Sammetkappchen und tritt Hinaus in den Garten. Da hort er den Dampfwagen brausen, die helle Pfeife ertont, — das ist von der langen Brucke druben — noch eine Viertelstunde, so mus der Zug den kleinen Bahnhof erreichen, der nicht weit von Dorfchen liegt.
An approach to longitudinally matching Current Population Survey (CPS) respondents

In this paper, we propose an approach for evaluating the trade-offs inherent in different approaches used to match Current Population Survey (CPS) respondents across various CPS surveys. Because there is some measurement error in both the variables used the identify individuals over time and in the characteristics of individuals at any point in time, any procedure used to match CPS respondents has the possibility of both generating incorrect matches and failing to generate potentially valid matches. We propose using the information contained in the variable on whether an individual lived in the same house on March 1 of the previous year as a way to gauge these trade-offs. We find that as measured by reported residence one year ago, increasing the fraction of “invalid” merges that are rejected usually comes at a cost of decreasing the fraction of “valid” merges that are retained. However, there are clearly some approaches that are superior to others in the sense that they result in both a higher fraction of “invalid” merges being rejected and a higher fraction of “valid” merges being retained.
Motion in Vacuum

This design (Toennies in Max Planck Institut Stroemungsf, Gottingen, Germany, [1]) is shown in two parts to separate the azimuthal motion (Fig. 1.1) device from the tilt motion device (Fig. 1.2).
Anesthetic Management of Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Laser Surgery

Summary Endoscopic laser surgery offers the surgeon new capabilities in treating airway disease. Laser devices now come in a variety of forms, with newer technology offering fine tuning for different surgical applications. Specifically, endoscopic laser surgery allows the surgeon access to the field without any kind of obstructive instrumentation. However, this new technology offers anesthesia practitioners new challenges. How does one share the patient’s airway with the surgeon, protect that airway, and offer adequate anesthesia while not obstructing surgical access to the operating field? Most commonly, the patient’s airway is protected by employing either a metal endotracheal tube or a modification of currently available endotracheal tubes in order to reduce the likelihood of laser-induced endotracheal tube fires and other complications. In addition, Venturi jet ventilation through an operating laryngoscope allows entrainment of an oxygen-air mixture for patient ventilation while minimizing any kind of foreign object in the surgical airway. As has been detailed in this article, there is no perfect anesthetic management technique available. Every new modification offers subtle advantages and differences over techniques previously available but also has one or more unwanted complications associated with its use. The safe anesthetic management of the patient undergoing endoscopic laser surgery requires considerable agility and flexibility by the anesthesia practitioner in order to adapt to rapid changing surgical needs and to provide a safe anesthetic for a patient undergoing a somewhat complicated surgical procedure. As someone once said, vigilance takes on new meaning when describing the anesthetic management techniques of patients undergoing endoscopic laser surgery.
A fast magnetoelectric device based on current-driven domain wall propagation

Several emerging spintronic devices have recently been proposed, performing computation by (a) generating spin currents based on input magnet states to switch an output magnet state using Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) [1,2], (b) using multiple nanopillars to drive a domain wall (DW) that switches an output nanopillar using STT [7], and (c) using magnetoelectric (ME) switching at the input, combined with DW automotion, to switch an output state [3]. All of these devices have delays of several nanoseconds. The energy for (a) and (b) is in the range of femtoJoules, while the ME mechanism in (c) facilitates greater energy-efficiency, in the aJ range. These numbers fall some distance away from CMOS, where gate delays and switching energies are in the range of picoseconds (ps) and attoJoules (aJ), respectively.
Development of an ABA Autism Intervention Delivered by a Humanoid Robot

Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) techniques are widely used and accepted by the Autism research community as an effective Autism therapy method. ABA techniques have been recently introduced to use with Socially Assistive Robots (SAR) to deliver Autism therapy. Nonetheless, little research has been published to investigate the use of robot-based ABA in teaching socio-emotional skills for children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This paper presents the development of an ABA-based autonomous therapy system delivered by a humanoid robot, the Zeno R-50. Specifically, an intervention methodology with a prompt and an ABA reinforcement protocol to target skills associated with facial and situational emotion recognition and understanding are presented. Eleven children diagnosed with Autism were recruited to participate in the pre-pilot study screening. Initial results are investigated to discover the children’s preferred reinforcers and also to find ways of improving the therapy system before proceeding through full study groups. Results demonstrate the successful detection of reinforcers and show there is correlation between reinforcer preference and age. Results on two children who have completed interventions are presented and improvements to the protocol are discussed to contribute to the understanding of SAR in teaching socio-emotional skills to children diagnosed with ASD.
Fiber modeling and clustering based on neuroanatomical features

DTI tractography allows unprecedented understanding of brain neural connectivity in-vivo by capturing water diffusion patterns in brain white-matter microstructures. However, tractography algorithms often output hundreds of thousands of fibers, rendering the computation needed for subsequent data analysis intractable. A remedy is to group the fibers into bundles using fiber clustering techniques. Most existing fiber clustering methods, however, rely on fiber geometrical information only by viewing fibers as curves in the 3D Euclidean space. The important neuroanatomical aspect of the fibers is mostly ignored. In this paper, neuroanatomical information is encapsulated in a feature vector called the associativity vector, which functions as the "fingerprint" for each fiber and depicts the connectivity of the fiber with respect to individual anatomies. Using the associativity vectors of fibers, we model the fibers as observations sampled from multivariate Gaussian mixtures in the feature space. An expectation-maximization clustering approach is then employed to group the fibers into 16 major bundles. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method groups the fibers into anatomically meaningful bundles, which are highly consistent across subjects.
Thomas Cramer,Das Groteske bei E. T. A. Hoffmann: München: Wilhelm Fink, 1966. Pp. 215

(1968). Thomas Cramer, Das Groteske bei E. T. A. Hoffmann. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 64-66.
INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLAE IN COMMERCIALLY PREPARED SANDWICHES FOR THE VENDING TRADE

A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of salmonellae in sandwiches prepared in commercial kitchens for distribution through vending machines. A total of 646 samples consisting of 13 different types of sandwiches obtained from five vending firms was analyzed. Salmonellae were not detected in any of the sandwiches. It is concluded that the routine use of mayonnaise and other acid ingredients along with proper maintenance of hygienic conditions and effective temperature control of vending machines play an important role in the prevention of Salmonella infection in commercially prepared sandwiches.
Landslide Susceptibility Screening Using Wind-Driven Rainfall

Rainfall is one of the most significant triggering factors for shallow landslides, raveling, and erosion of over-steepened slopes, especially in steeply inclined mountainous regions, such as the western Greater Himalayan Mountains of northern Pakistan. The influence of wind-driven rainfall is usually neglected in comparisons between rainfall and mass wasting. Wind-driven rain falls with an angle of incidence influenced by prevailing wind direction and velocity. The need to include considerations of incident rainfall distribution with respect to mass wasting processes is long overdue. The idea of coupling “wind-driven” rainfall based on directional monsoon with regional topography (slope aspect) was analyzed to ascertain the actual distribution of rainfall upon slopes exhibiting varying inclinations and slope aspect. Regional-level landslide susceptibility maps were prepared for the entire Indus River watershed using widely accepted methods including GIS heuristic weighted overlay and fuzzy logic techniques by including traditional rainfall distribution maps as one of the triggering factors. The results of that analysis were then compared with current research to examine whether an oblique/inclined rainfall correction map would aid in assessing landslide susceptibility by considering the impacts of slope inclination and aspect on the effective rainfall being “caught” by those slopes facing the prevailing wind directions. The susceptibility maps produced by this method were found to be more reasonable than others yet produced of such a large study area (~75,000 km 2 ).
Could a woman be superman? Gender and the embodiment of power postures

Physical postures can instill a sense of power in the self as well as communicate power to others. Recent work indicates that a target’s gender interferes with the rapid identification of power pos...
Ventricular Septal Defect: Congenital

Suspect VSD in asymptomatic patients or patients with dyspnea with pansystolic LSB or apical murmur
Synthesis of Conformationally-Locked cis- and trans-Bicyclo[4.4.0] Mono-, Di-, and Trioxadecane Modifications of Galacto- and Glucopyranose; Experimental Limiting 3JH,H Coupling Constants for the Estimation of Carbohydrate Side Chain Populations and Beyond

Hexopyranose side chains populate three staggered conformations, whose proportions can be determined from the three sets of ideal limiting 3JH5,H6R and 3JH5,H6S coupling constants in combination with the time-averaged experimental coupling constants. Literature values for the limiting coupling constants, obtained by the study of model compounds, the use of the Haasnoot–Altona and related equations, or quantum mechanical computations, can result in computed negative populations of one of the three ideal conformations. Such values arise from errors in the limiting coupling constants and/or from the population of nonideal conformers. We describe the synthesis and analysis of a series of cis- and trans-fused mono-, di-, and trioxabicyclo[4.4.0]octane-like compounds. Correction factors for the application of data from internal models (−CH(OR)–CH(OR)−) to terminal systems (−CH(OR)–CH2(OR)) are deduced from comparison of further models, and applied where necessary. Limiting coupling constants so-derived are appl...
Asian Religiosity in Latin American Literature

Theosophy and Eastern religions and creeds, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism, and Taoism, have influenced Latin American literature since the Modernistas. Canonical authors such as Neruda, Borges, Cortazar, Paz, and Sarduy have addressed these Eastern believes in different ways. While for the Modernista they were a escapist tool and Neruda openly rejects them, other authors, such as Tablada and Paz, resort to them to try to understand their own countries, or to find the keys of eroticism (the case of Paz and Sarduy). In turn, for Borges, Eastern religions are a metaphor for infinite time, fantasy, and utopia and for Sarduy, a path to personal enlightenment.
Binaural intelligibility level difference with a mixed-rate strategy simulation

In noisy situations, bilateral cochlear implant (BiCI) listeners demonstrate poorer spatial release from masking compared to normal hearing (NH) listeners. One reason for this difference could be the limited access for BiCI listeners to fine structure interaural time differences (ITDs) which are crucial for binaural unmasking. Clinical processors convey speech envelopes using pulsatile high-rate (~1000 Hz) carriers, and discard the original temporal fine structure. At high rates, BiCI listeners are not sensitive to ITDs, whereas low rates (< 300 Hz) result in better ITD sensitivity. To preserve both ITD sensitivity and well-sampled speech envelopes, high and low rates are needed. The present study examines whether a mixed rate strategy will enable binaural unmasking in NH listeners using a 16-channel mixed-rate vocoder. Binaural intelligibility level differences were calculated from speech reception thresholds measurements in five mixed-rate configurations. Targets had a 0-μs ITD and masking speech-shaped noises were co-located or separated by applying a 400-μs ITD to the low-rate channels. Results from this experiment will help determine the potential benefits of a mixed-rate strategy to restore spatial unmasking abilities of CI listeners in noisy situations.
Finding All Solutions to the Magic Hexagram

(2008). Finding All Solutions to the Magic Hexagram. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 102-106.
Concerns and Issues Faced by Families Headed by a Lesbian Couple

The author explores the concerns of lesbian mothers and their partners. Twenty-eight lesbian couples who were raising children participated in structured interviews. Results suggested that lesbian ...
A New Vision for the Professoriate

The professoriate is at a crossroads, some would say a crisis. For several decades, there has been increasing criticism, first of the tenure track system and now at the rise in adjunct and non-tenu...
375) An Analysis of Physician and Patient Reporting of Treatable Targets in an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Program

Interdisciplinary pain management programs (IPMP) provide low-risk, cost-effective treatment for patients with “high-impact chronic pain”. Patient participation is important for successful outcomes and may be influenced by patient and physician perceptions of treatment targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of difficulty with 7 key clinical domains and the level of agreement between patients and physicians identifying these. It was hypothesized that more impaired patients would be recommended for more intense treatment and that higher levels of physician-patient agreement would predict higher levels of enrollment in treatment. A retrospective chart review was performed of 544 patients evaluated in an outpatient academic pain clinic. Patient characteristics; patient and physician reported presence of difficulty with 7 clinical domains (pain, sleep, mood, physical functioning, ability to cope with pain, ability to manage pain flare-ups and medication effectiveness); treatment recommendation (>80 h total treatment in an IPMP vs 80h of treatment had significantly more physician-identified problem domains. Levels of physician-patient agreement did not vary by treatment recommendation or treatment enrollment status (P's >.05). Despite agreement between patients and physicians, only 57.4% of patients began treatment. As hypothesized, more impaired patients were recommended for more treatment. However, patient-physician agreement did not appear to affect the treatment recommendation or enrollment status. Further studies are needed to identify other barriers to treatment.
The role of performance feedback consistency in aspiration level adaptation: Evidence from a European grocery retailer:

This study investigates whether and how the impact of drivers of aspiration levels changes across the cases of consistent and inconsistent performance feedback within the context of a retailer. Ana...
HFD refeeding in mice after fasting impairs learning by activating caspase-1 in the brain.

Abstract Background Diets that include some aspect of fasting have dramatically increased in popularity. In addition, fasting reduces inflammasome activity in the brain while improving learning. Here, we examine the impact of refeeding a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) after fasting. Methods Male wildtype (WT), caspase-1 knockout (KO) and/or IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) KO mice were fasted for 24 h or allowed ad libitum access to food (chow). Immediately after fasting, mice were allowed to refeed for 2 h in the presence of LFD, HFD or chow. Mouse learning was examined using novel object recognition (NOR) and novel location recognition (NLR). Caspase-1 activity was quantified in the brain using histochemistry (HC) and image analysis. Results Refeeding with a HFD but not a LFD or chow fully impaired both NOR and NLR. Likewise, HFD when compared to LFD refeeding increased caspase-1 activity in the whole amygdala and, particularly, in the posterior basolateral nuclei (BLp) by 2.5-fold and 4.6-fold, respectively. When caspase-1 KO or IL-1R1 KO mice were examined, learning impairment secondary to HFD refeeding did not occur. Equally, administration of n-acetylcysteine to fasted WT mice prevented HFD-dependent learning impairment and caspase-1 activation in the BLp. Finally, the free-fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) antagonist, DC260126, mitigated learning impairment associated with HFD refeeding while blocking caspase-1 activation in the BLp. Conclusions Consumption of a HFD after fasting impairs learning by a mechanism that is dependent on caspase-1 and the IL-1R1 receptor. These consequences of a HFD refeeding on the BLP of the amygdala appear linked to oxidative stress and FFAR1.
Grapes in the World Economy

With a farm gate value in 2016 of US$68 billion, grapes are the world’s third most valuable horticultural crop (after potatoes and tomatoes). Cultivation of grapes for fruit and wine began at least 7000 years ago in the Near East, and over the millennia, thousands of cultivars have been developed and selected for particular purposes. Nowadays, grapes are grown all around the world, but mainly in places having a temperate, Mediterranean-style climate, and they are used to produce diverse consumer products including wine, table grapes, raisins, grape juice concentrate and distillate for various industrial uses as well as making fortified wine and brandy. The cultivars of grapes used to make these diverse products are likewise diverse, but a relatively small number account for the vast majority of production in each major category. Predominantly, European V. vinifera scions are grown on rootstock from phylloxera-resistant Native American species. Particular cultivars are valuable to farmers in particular applications for their agronomic traits and fruit-quality traits, which together determine the value of the crop and the cost of producing it. These values can be conditioned by consumer preferences for attributes of the production process and by government policies including trade taxes, alcohol excise taxes, and regulations over production practices or limiting yields. Evolving demands for traits create demands for work by viticulturists and other scientists to understand the grape genome and work with it.
"Now what do I do?": Toward a conceptual understanding of the effects of traumatic events on identity functioning.

Abstract Introduction Traumas refer to relatively discrete, negatively valanced, events causing physical, economic, spiritual, and/or psychological harm with life-altering impacts. These impacts include widely varied effects on the identity functioning of adolescents/emerging adults. Methods The array of possible impacts of traumatic events was considered with particular attention devoted to the identification of variables that may be predictive of particular identity-related outcomes. Results A taxonomy of possible developmental impacts of traumatic events on identity functioning is developed: (a) identity resilience, (b) identity affirmation, (c) identity delay, (d) identity threat, (e) identity loss, (f) identity alteration, (g) identity replacement, (h) trauma-shaped identity, and (i) trauma-centered identity. A series of 11 propositions regarding the predictors of various developmental impacts is advanced. The propositions involve variables related to the nature of the traumatic event, variables related to the effects of trauma (other than identity-related effects), person-related variables, and variables related to the social context in which the person is functioning. Conclusion These propositions can serve as a research agenda for furthering our understanding of the range of effects of trauma on identity functioning.
An Examination of Work Interference with Family Using Data from a Representative Sample of Workers Participating in the General Social Survey and NIOSH Quality of Worklife Module

AbstractWork-family conflict research has progressed over the past few decades, but it has often focused on workers in specific occupations or targeted populations. Few studies used population-base...
Consistent pseudo-mode informed topology optimization for structural stability applications

Abstract This study presents a computational strategy to address the challenge associated with the emergence of spurious modes in topology optimization with global stability considerations. In a discrete setting these modes pertain to the very low stiffness regions of the design domain occupied by hair-like elements with vanishing cross-sections and often surface when the computational optimizer tries to make dramatic changes to the topology. We demonstrate the inability of the classical approach to discrete topology optimization in capturing and repositioning these modes, and provide an elegant alternative which rests on the idea of expanding the set of design variables to include an “indicator” set, that similar to element densities in continuum domain, allow for quick clustering of contributing and non-contributing elements. The interplay between the set of basic design variables and the “indicator” set is shown to have the ability to identify the dominant eigenpairs that get pushed away in the presence of spurious modes and to effectively reposition them back to their original place where accurate values for the objective, constraints and the associated eigen-sensitivities are needed. A set of 2D frame structural topology optimization problems are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology as well as the impact of parameters that affect the size of the design space, such as minimum to maximum thickness ratio and constraint bounds, on the optimized topology.
Targeting TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in cancer.

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a Ser/Thr kinase with a central role in coordinating the cellular response to invading pathogens and regulating key inflammatory signaling cascades. While intact TBK...
Network Simulations Reveal Molecular Signatures of Vulnerability to Age-Dependent Stress and Tau Accumulation

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of death worldwide. As an age-dependent multifactorial disease, the causative triggers of AD are rooted in spontaneous declines in cellular function and metabolic capacity with increases in protein stressors such as the tau protein. This multitude of age-related processes that cause neurons to change from healthy states to ones vulnerable to the damage seen in AD are difficult to simultaneously investigate and even more difficult to quantify. Here we aimed to diminish these gaps in our understanding of neuronal vulnerability in AD development by using simulation methods to theoretically quantify an array of cellular stress responses and signaling molecules. This temporally-descriptive molecular signature was produced using a novel multimethod simulation approach pioneered by our laboratory for biological research; this methodology combines hierarchical agent-based processes and continuous equation-based modeling in the same interface, all while maintaining intrinsic distributions that emulate natural biological stochasticity. The molecular signature was validated for a normal organismal aging trajectory using experimental longitudinal data from Caenorhabditis elegans and rodent studies. In addition, we have further predicted this aging molecular signature for cells impacted by the pathogenic tau protein, giving rise to distinct stress response conditions needed for cytoprotective aging. Interestingly, our simulation experiments showed that oxidative stress signaling (via daf-16 and skn-1 activities) does not substantially protect cells from all the early stressors of aging, but that it is essential in preventing a late-life degenerative cellular phenotype. Together, our simulation experiments aid in elucidating neurodegenerative triggers in the onset of AD for different genetic conditions. The long-term goal of this work is to provide more detailed diagnostic and prognostic tools for AD development and progression, and to provide more comprehensive preventative measures for this disease.
Longitudinal Assessment of Relationships Between Health Behaviors and IL-6 in Overweight and Obese Pregnancy.

Background:Inflammation is a common factor in adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Behavioral factors influence inflammatory markers and APOs but rarely have been investigated simultaneously in pregn...
A Structural Solution to Mitigating Artificial Intelligence Bias in Administrative Agencies

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) from nascent theoretical science to an advancing juggernaut of industry with national security implications has begun to permeate U.S. federal administrative agencies. For all the potential benefits AI brings, misapplied or underregulated administrative agency utilization of AI risks eroding American values. The Executive Branch must carefully calibrate its administrative uses of AI to mitigate for biases that flow from models ranging from simple algorithms to complex machine learning systems, especially for biases that would adversely affect protected classes and vulnerable groups. Save for a voluntary survey by an independent advisory agency, the federal government lacks an organic accounting of AI use cases and development across administrative agencies. Recent executive actions have only begun to address these issues by establishing broad-stroke foundational principles and recommendations that can lead to the development of optimal AI regulation and general utilization. Despite these initial gains, the prospective utilization of AI in administrative adjudications, rulemakings, grant administration and the like, lacks the structural framework to apply meaningful implementing and accountability mechanisms. The Biden administration will have the opportunity and challenge to expand on the foundation of the prior two administrations and normalize the process of administrative integration of AI with the quality control, consistency measures, and policymaking processes that best leverage federal government resources. This is especially important in light of the related national security implications that flow from this issue. Regardless of whether the Biden administration seeks to undergird executive discretion with legislation or operate on a self-restraint basis, the appropriate regulation of AI in administrative agencies should balance technological innovation with legal compliance and fidelity to well-tread limiting principles. We conclude that two units of the Executive Office of the President, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and the Office of Science and Technology Policy, are optimally situated and experienced to lead the policy-making, adoption, and utilization of AI systems in administrative agencies.
Menopausal Symptoms in Underserved and Homeless Women Living in Extreme Temperatures in the Southwest.

Background: Little is known about menopausal symptoms in underserved women. Aim: To better understand self-reported menopausal symptoms in underserved and homeless women living in extreme heat duri...
“The quiet revolution”: convenience voting, vote centers, and turnout in Texas elections

Polling place consolidation makes administering voting easier but scholars question the effect on turnout. Vote centers (which consolidate polling locations) are theoretically less expensive to adm...
The Mother Identity and Self-Esteem

This study examines the effect of identity verification of the mother identity on two esteem dimensions: efficacy and worth. Analyses of data gathered from primarily Hispanic, low-income women in a southwestern town shows that women report lower efficacy-based esteem and worth-based esteem when their mother identity is not verified. Other identity dimensions of motherhood, including the prominence and salience of the mother identity, are unrelated to feelings of esteem. Given that verification of the mother identity verification is tied to both efficacy and worth-based esteem, this suggests that the mother identity contains meanings of both doing and being. The mother identity is not only about the practice of mothering and being effective in that role, but it is also about membership in a group (the family) and even a category (being a woman) and feeling valued. Scholars may be focusing too much on the duties of mothering, and how it generates feelings of efficacy, while neglecting the integrative function that motherhood provides, and how it fosters a feeling that one is worthwhile and cherished.
Jet impingement in high-energy piping systems, part II: Model improvement and guidance development

Abstract The Standard model in ANSI/ANS-58.2 (1988) has been widely employed in the design and safety analysis of nuclear power plants for jet impingement under postulated pipe rupture accidents. However, the potential non-conservatisms presented in Standard Review Plan (2015) need to be addressed when evaluating this model. The current work aims to improve the model on jet prediction including jet geometry and stagnation pressure, as well as to address the potential non-conservatisms. Based on the model evaluation results in Part I, new correlations for the jet core length and stagnation pressure in subcooled water and saturated water/two-phase jets are implemented to replace the existing correlations in the Standard model. It is shown that the revised code with the newly developed correlations predicts the stagnation pressure generally higher or conservatively for all conditions investigated. On the potential blast wave effect, the current work develops an approach to quantify the over-static and reflected pressures using the equivalent weight of TNT approach in literature. To employ this approach, the released energy in the equivalent of TNT needs to be determined from jet impingement. This energy is calculated using the vessel burst energy concept with conservative assumptions in the current work. For jet geometry, dynamic models to predict the jet spreading angle for saturated steam jets are compared with the Prandtl-Meyer angle for under-expanded supersonic jets. It is found that the jet spreading angle for saturated steam jets in the Standard model generally agrees with the dynamic model in literature for a wide range of initial vessel stagnation pressure conditions. Regarding the pressure distribution within jets, it is confirmed that edge-peaking pressure profiles can be observed for saturated steam jets at far distances from the break plane (z > 3.3 D); however, the dimensionless pressures at these locations are generally less than 0.07. Regarding the jet dynamic loading effect, the literature review suggests that dynamic amplification and resonance of impinged downstream structures and components might not occur for jet impingement in nuclear power plants.
Honour, Exchange and Violence in Beowulf

This book examines violence in its social setting, and especially as an essential element in the heroic system of exchange (sometimes called the Economy of Honour). It situates Beowulf in a northern European culture where violence was not stigmatized as evidence of a breakdown in social order but rather was seen as a reasonable way to get things done; where kings and their retainers saw themselves above all as warriors whose chief occupation was the pursuit of honour; and where most successful kings were those perceived as most predatory. Though kings and their subjects yearned for peace, the political and religious institutions of the time did little to restrain their violent impulses. Drawing on works from Britain, Scandinavia, and Ireland, which show how the practice of violence was governed by rules and customs which were observed, with variations, over a wide area, this book makes use of historicist and anthropological approaches to its subject. It takes a neutral attitude towards the phenomena it examines, but at the same time describes them fortnightly, avoiding euphemism and excuse-making on the one hand and condemnation on the other. In this it attempts to avoid the errors of critics who have sometimes been led astray by modern assumptions about the morality of violence. Peter S. Baker is Professor of English at the University of Virginia.
Fuzzy Input-Neural Net Adoptive Expert Systems for Rotor Diagnosis and Prognosis

Neural nets used in expert system make them capable of learning, self adopting to particular engineering applications and handling fuzzy input information.
Electronic Structure of Alpha-Quartz and the Influence of Some Local Disorder: A Tight Binding Study,

Abstract : A study of the electronic structure of alpha quartz, the influence of short range departure from the alpha quartz geometry, and the correlations between charge transfer from silicon oxygen with variations in Si-O-Si bond angle is presented. For the first time, a framework is presented and utilized to shed light on the nature and origin of the several recently observed Si(2p) levels in XPS studies of bulk a-SiO2 as well as the interfacial region near the Si/SiO2 interface. In this paper we report the results of (i) a tight-binding study of the electronic structure of alpha-quartz, including second-nearest neighbors, (ii) some changes in this electronic structure caused by short range departures from the alpha-quartz geometry, and (iii) an analysis of the Si(2p) core level chemical shifts in a-SiO2 and near the Si/SiO2 interface, from which some inferences regarding the chemical and structural nature of this interface are drawn for the first time.
Creation as a Pseudo-Explanation in Current Physical Cosmology

In his posthumously published The Direction of Time (1956, p. 133), Hans Reichenbach wrote: “At the present state of cosmology, it is very difficult to come to a conclusion concerning time as a whole”. Yet in that work, he did rely on his “hypothesis of the branch structure” (chap. III, sec. 16) to offer a cosmological examination of temporal anisotropy in the context of (classical) statistical mechanics. Elsewhere (Grunbaum, 1967, pp. 168–170), I have offered an appreciative critical appraisal of his proposed extension of his hypothesis of the branch structure to cosmology. But unfortunately, Reichenbach did not live to witness the elaboration of cosmic physical models during the latter half of the twentieth century that are very much concerned with “time as a whole”.