cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Part-scale build orientation optimization for minimizing residual stress and support volume for metal additive manufacturing: Theory and experimental validation

Abstract Laser powder bed metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been widely accepted by the industry to manufacture end-use components with complex geometry to achieve desirable performance (i.e. conformal cooling). However, residual stress and large deformation introduced in the laser AM process lead to severe issues, such as cracks, delamination, and large deformation. These issues result in the stoppage of powder spreading and warpage of the component. To overcome these issues, a novel optimization framework based on fast process modeling is proposed to find the optimal build orientation by minimizing the maximum residual stress and support structure volume. For support generation, a voxel-based methodology is proposed to systematically capture support surfaces from STL file, form support structure, and generate Cartesian mesh for fast process modeling. Instead of using conformal mesh, the voxel-based fictitious domain method is used to calculate the stress distribution in the design domain including the support structure, which is represented by the homogenized model. This can circumvent time-consuming mesh generation for geometrically complex geometry and its support structure during the optimization iterations, thus making it possible to minimize residual stress through orientation optimization based on process modeling. Due to its self-supporting and open-cell nature, lattice structure is employed as the support structure to anchor the overhangs to the substrate to prevent distortion resulting from residual stress. Asymptotic homogenization (AH) method is employed to compute the effective properties of lattice structure, while a multiscale model is proposed to compute the yield strength. In particular, the multi-objective optimization including both the residual stress and support volume is discussed and investigated in this work. Experimental validation is conducted on a realistic component with some geometric complexity. By comparing the component and support structure without build orientation optimization, it is found that the proposed framework can significantly reduce the influence of the residual stress on the printed part, ensure the manufacturability of the design, and decrease the material consumption for the sacrificial support structure simultaneously.
REMIFENTANIL USE IN PAEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE

Remifentanil, although not licensed for analgesia and sedation in ventilated patients under 18 years, has been used increasingly in paediatric intensive care units (PICU). We audited remifentanil use in mechanically ventilated patients in a tertiary 20-bed PICU between 2005 and 2007. There were 43 patients with a median age of 53.7 months (interquartile range 6.1–153.3), who received remifentanil at a maximum infusion rate of 0.5 μg/kg per minute (0.2–0.9) for 2.0 days (0.5–5.0). Cardiac (10), respiratory (8), neurosurgical (7), ENT (6) and general surgical (5) patients received remifentanil most commonly. 30 patients were within the recommended dose range (0.10–0.75 μg/kg per minute). Seven patients received more than the maximum dose and were more likely to receive concomitant sedative and/or analgesic agents (p 3 days, respectively, with concomitant drugs more likely to be started in the latter (p Remifentanil usage is increasing in PICU, with our current guidelines for dosage and duration generally not being upheld. There is a significant risk of withdrawal from remifentanil, particularly in those patients who receive high infusion rates for longer.
High-resolution A-DNA crystal structures of d(AGGGGCCCCT). An A-DNA model of poly(dG) x poly(dC).

A-DNA conformation is favored by guanine-rich sequences, such as (dG)n·(dC)n, or under low-humidity conditions. Earlier A-DNA crystal structures revealed some conformational variations which may be the result of sequence-dependent effects and/or crystal packing forces. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of d(AGGGGCCCCT) in two crystal forms (either in the P212121 or the P6122 space group) to gain insights into the conformation and dynamics of the (dG)n·(dC)n sequence. The P212121 form has been analyzed using data to 1.1 A resolution by the anisotropic temperature factor refinement procedure of the shelx97 program. Such analysis affords us with the detailed geometric, conformational and motional property of an A-DNA structure. The backbone torsional angles fall in a narrow range, except for the α/γ angles which have two distinct combinations (gauche−/gauche+ or trans/trans). An A-DNA model of poly(dG)·poly(dC) has been constructed using the conformational parameters derived from the crystal structure of the P212121 form. In the crystal structure of the P6122 space group, the central eight base pairs of the decamer adopt A-DNA conformation with the two terminal nucleotides flipped out to form base pairs with the neighboring nucleotides. Comparison of the A-DNA structure of the same sequence from two different crystal forms, reinforced the conclusion that molecules crystallized in the same space group have a more similar conformation, whereas the same molecule crystallized in different space groups has different (local) conformations.
Prospects for Post-Minustah Security in Haiti

In October 2017, the United Nations’ fifth peacekeeping mission in Haiti since 1990, known by its French acronym MINUSTAH, ended its thirteen-year tenure. MINUSTAH left behind a thousand foreign ad...
Validation of Ultrasound Super-Resolution Imaging of Vasa Vasorum in Rabbit Atherosclerotic Plaques

Acute coronary syndromes and strokes are mainly caused by atherosclerotic plaque (AP) rupture. Abnormal increase of vasa vasorum (VV) is reported as a key evidence of plaque progression and vulnerability. However, due to their tiny size, it is still challenging to noninvasively identify VV near the major vessels. Ultrasound super resolution (USR), a technique that provides high spatial resolution beyond the acoustic diffraction limit, demonstrated an adequate spatial resolution for VV detection in early studies. However, a thorough validation of this technology in the plaque model is particularly needed in order to continue further extended preclinical studies. In this letter, we present an experiment protocol that verifies the USR technology for VV identification with subsequent histology and ex vivo micro-computed tomography ( $\mu $ CT). Deconvolution-based USR imaging was applied on two rabbits to identify the VV near the AP in the femoral artery. Histology and ex vivo $\mu $ CT imaging were performed on excised femoral tissue to validate the USR technique both pathologically and morphologically. This established validation protocol could facilitate future extended preclinical studies toward the clinical translation of USR imaging for VV identification.
Reduced Fault Coverage as a Target for Design Scaffolding Security

The hardware design process adds, at each level, scaffolding logic to aid test, debug and engineering changes. Fault injection attacks can place a design in a non-functional state where the scaffolding is utilized for obtaining information that is not intended for the user. To counter such security threats, this paper suggests to include in the design logic that will identify invalid state patterns, and reset or hold a sufficient part of the state to prevent useful computations from occurring. To support such a solution, the paper also suggests that the fault coverage of a scan-based test set in the presence of single stuck-at faults can be used for designing the reset and hold logic. Such a test set relies on the use of non-functional states for fault detection. Without using the reset and hold logic, the test set achieves a high fault coverage (over 80% in the experiments reported in this paper). When the reset and hold logic is used, the fault coverage of the same test set is reduced below a preselected target (30% in the experiments reported in this paper). The reduction in the fault coverage occurs because much of the non-functional state space is no longer available. This also eliminates the security risk associated with these states.
Postoperative or Salvage Proton Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose Postprostatectomy radiation improves disease control, but limited data exist regarding outcomes, toxicities, and patient-reported quality of life with proton therapy. Method and materials The first 102 patients who were enrolled on an outcome tracking protocol between 2006 and 2017 and treated with double-scattered proton therapy after prostatectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven (11%) received adjuvant radiation, while 91 (89%) received salvage radiation. Seventy-four received double-scattered proton therapy to the prostate bed only. Twenty-eight received a double-scattered proton therapy prostate-bed boost after prostate-bed and pelvic-node treatment. Eleven adjuvant patients received a median dose of 66.6 GyRBE (range, 66.0-70.2). Ninety-one salvage patients received a median dose of 70.2 GyRBE (range, 66.0-78.0). Forty-five patients received androgen deprivation therapy for a median 9 months (range, 1-30). Toxicities were scored using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0 criteria, and patient-reported quality-of-life data were reviewed. Results The median follow-up was 5.5 years (range, 0.8-11.4 years). Five-year biochemical relapse-free and distant metastases-free survival rates were 72% and 91% for adjuvant patients, 57% and 97% for salvage patients, and 57% and 97% overall. Acute and late grade 3 or higher genitourinary toxicity rates were 1% and 7%. No patients had grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal toxicity. Acute and late grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicities were 5% and 2%. The mean values and SDs of the International Prostate Symptom Score, International Index of Erectile Function, and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite bowel function and bother were 7.5 (SD = 5.9), 10.2 (SD = 8.3), 92.8 (SD = 11.1), and 91.2 (SD = 6.4), respectively, at baseline, and 12.1 (SD = 9.1), 10.1 (SD = 6.7), 87.3 (SD = 18), and 86.7 (SD = 13.8) at the 5-year follow-up. Conclusion High-dose postprostatectomy proton therapy provides effective long-term biochemical control and freedom from metastasis, with low acute and long-term gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity.
The Welch Emotional Connection Screen: Adapting observational methods to pediatric primary care via resident training

Abstract The Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS) is a novel instrument that is a brief, practicable, evidenced-based observational screening tool for assessing relationship health between parent and child. The WECS requires observing 2−3 min of face-to-face interactions between parent and child, without toys, prompts, paradigms or technology. Here, we describe a translational project from the coding lab to the primary care provider via a residency training program conducted with 50 residents during a 30-day developmental and behavioral pediatrics medical resident education rotation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of WECS pediatric resident training: 1) to improve residents' accuracy in recognizing the dyadic behaviors of emotional connection (EC) via WECS training; and 2) to improve residents' attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceived professional norms (ASPPN) pertaining to Early Relational Health in Pediatrics. Results indicate that using a rapid prototyping approach to training, residents improved in their identification of dyads showing low to midrange levels of emotional connection. As well, resident attitudes about the importance of relationship health in pediatrics and their self-efficacy in identifying emotional connection improved significantly after this brief resident training.
ASSESSING THE ONSET OF SPRING: A CLIMATOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

This study is part of a program to examine spring plant-climate interactions in the major agricultural regions of eastern North America. The project's objectives were to: (1) document the yearly onset of the spring green wave and associated phenomena from 1908 to 1987 using phenological models, and (2) analyze regional dynamics and recent changes. Examining past variations in the green wave provides a context within which present and future variations can be assessed. Spring index dates, last -2.2°C (28°F) frost dates, and the difference between these two dates (termed the damage index) were generated for selected United States Daily Historical Climatology Network (HCN) stations between 1908 and 1987. The results show considerable geographic and temporal variations over the study period, and suggest that the threat of late spring frost damage may have decreased slightly from about 1960 to 1987. In future research, an improved version of the spring index (and associated surface phenological data) will be c...
beta-Cystathionase from Bordetella avium. Role(s) of lysine 214 and cysteine residues in activity and cytotoxicity.

β-Cystathionase (EC 4.4.1.8) from Bordetella avium is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-cystine to yield pyruvic acid, NH3, and thiocysteine. The latter compound is highly toxic toward MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cells, rat osteosarcoma cells, and other cell lines maintained in tissue culture (Gentry-Weeks, C. R., Keith, J. M., and Thompson, J.(1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 7298-7314). Site-directed mutagenesis has established that lysine 214 of the sequence TKYVGGHSD, is primarily responsible for internal aldimine binding of PLP in the holoenzyme. Translation of the DNA sequence of the β-cystathionase gene (metC) from B. avium, reveals 4 cysteine residues/enzyme subunit (Mr = 42,600), and spectrophotometric analysis with 4,4′-dithiodipyridine showed that there were no disulfide linkages in the native protein. β-Cystathionase is inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive agents, including N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). To elucidate the mechanism of NEM inhibition, each of the 4 cysteine residues at positions 88, 117, 279, and 309 was individually replaced by alanine or glycine. The mutant proteins C88A, C117G, C279G, and C309A were purified to homogeneity, and each was assayed for enzyme activity, PLP-binding, NEM sensitivity, and susceptibility to chymotrypsin digestion. The activities of mutant proteins C88A and C279G were comparable with that of the native enzyme, and since both forms were inhibited by NEM, neither cysteine 88 nor 279 are prerequisite for enzyme activity. By elimination, cysteine residues 117 and 309 must be the targets for alkylation, and resultant inactivation of β-cystathionase, by the -SH reactive agent. Substitution of cysteine 117 and 309 with glycine and alanine, respectively, yielded the inactive proteins C117G and C309A. PLP was not detectable in these proteins, and their absorption spectra lacked the peak (at 420 nm) that is characteristic of internal PLP-Schiff base formation. Edman degradation revealed that C117G (Mr∼ 36,000) also lacked the first 63 amino acids comprising the N terminus of the native protein. The β-cystathionase mutants C117G and C309A showed enhanced susceptibility to chymotrypsin digestion. Cysteine residues 117 and 309 may reside in conformationally sensitive environments, and in the native enzyme these amino acids most probably serve a structural function. Toxicity assays performed with the various mutant proteins obtained by site-directed mutagenesis established that only catalytically active forms of β-cystathionase were cytotoxic for tissue culture cells.
Studies on phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Determination of partial specific volumes by sedimentation velocity method.

Abstract The partial specific volume of phospholipid vesicles was determined by the sedimentation velocity method in various concentrations of hydrogen and deuterium oxide mixture. Since the density of D2O is very much greater than the reciprocal of the specific volume of phospholipids, the density of D2O-H2O medium corresponding to zero redistribution of phospholipids during sedimentation can be obtained with high precision by interpolation of the data. This method is therefore direct and accurate for phospholipids. Similar measurements on phospholipid vesicles in various concentrations of potassium chloride and sodium chloride solutions have also been made. The apparent isodensity point in the KCl solution was found to be approximately equal to that obtained in NaCl solution but smaller than that obtained in D2O-H2O medium. This difference can be attributed to the influence of preferential interaction of the vesicle with water. The partial specific volume and effective specific volumes of phosphatidylcholine vesicles are v = 0.9814 ± 0.0004 ml per g, φ'kcl = 0.9883 ± 0.0002, and φ'nacl = 0.9886 ± 0.0006 ml per g.
CVF spectrophotometry of Pluto: Correlation of composition with Albedo

The present time-resolved, 0.96-2.65-micron spectrophotometry for the Pluto-Charon system indicates night-to-night variations in the depths of the methane absorptions such that the bands' equivalent width is near minimum light. The interpretation of these data in terms of a depletion of methane in dark regions of the planet, relative to bright ones, is consistent with the Buie and Fink (1987) observations. The near-IR spectrum of Pluto seems to be dominated by surface frost. It is suggested that the dark equatorial regions of Pluto are redder than those of moderate albedo.
Robust guidance of a conventionally steered vehicle using destination bearing

An algorithm for camera-based navigation of a conventionally steered vehicle is presented. The destination bearing, obtained by actively panning the camera to fixate on the destination, is the primary measurement. A steering sequence designed to direct a moving vehicle towards a visible destination is generated using an extension of predictive control techniques. A variable sampling interval, based on distance traveled instead of elapsed time, provides robustness to destination range errors. Additional robustness is achieved by incorporating nonlinearities into the steering algorithm, ensuring that the moving vehicle originating from an awkward position and heading will not diverge from the destination. A two-stage extended Kalman filter, which uses the destination bearing angle and known vehicle motion, provides estimates of range. A criterion for shifting the attention of the camera between intermediate destinations is presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed steering algorithm. >
Binding of soluble fibronectin and its subsequent incorporation into the extracellular matrix by early and late passage human skin fibroblasts.

The specific binding of soluble 125I-labeled human plasma fibronectin (125I-HFN-P) to confluent cultures of early and late passage human skin fibroblasts was investigated. Previous studies of HFN-P bound to fibroblast cell layers indicated that HFN-P was present in the cultures in two separate pools, distinguishable on the basis of their solubility in 1% deoxycholate. Pool I contained deoxycholate-soluble fibronectin (cell-associated), whereas Pool II contained deoxycholate-insoluble fibronectin (matrix-associated). Time course studies indicated that HFN-P was initially incorporated into Pool I and then accumulated into Pool II (McKeown-Longo, P.J., and Mosher, D.F. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 97, 466-472). Examination of the kinetics of 125I-HFN-P binding to Pool I of early and late passage cultures revealed that both cultures required 2-4 h to approach steady-state conditions. Other kinetic studies showed that the rates of loss of 125I-HFN-P from either Pool I or Pool II were similar for both cultures. However, the late passage cultures bound greater than twice as much fibronectin into Pool I, per cell, than the early passage cultures. This difference was not related to a difference in the level of endogenously produced fibronectins accumulating in the medium. Late passage cultures incorporated 125I-HFN-P into the deoxycholate-insoluble Pool at an average rate 2.6 times greater than early passage cultures. The late passage cultures also chased a greater percent of their Pool I-bound fibronectin into Pool II and a lower percent into the chase medium. These results indicate that early and late passage cultures of human fibroblasts exhibit differences in the binding of soluble fibronectin and in the extent to which they incorporate soluble fibronectin into the extracellular matrix.
Case 3537 athetini Casey, 1910 and geostibina Seevers, 1978 (Insecta, Coleoptera, staphylinidae, aleocharinae): proposed conservation

Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the family-group names athetini Casey, 1910 and geostibina Seevers, 1978 for a group of rove beetles. The names are threatened by a little used senior synonym callicerini Jakobson, 1908. The name athetini Casey, 1910 has become widely accepted and is in prevailing usage. The names callicerini Jakobson, 1908 (Insecta, Coleoptera) and callicerini Rondani, 1845 (Insecta, Diptera) are homonyms resulting from similarity of the names of their type genera, Callicerus Gravenhorst, 1802 and Callicera Panzer, 1809, respectively. This homonymy should be removed as required by Article 55.3.1 of the Code. It is proposed that the name callicerini Jakobson, 1908 be suppressed.
How Not to Evaluate Theories

I count myself among the many scholars who owe Christopher Layne intellectual debts for his bold arguments on fundamental questions in international politics. But I question whether ‘‘This Time It’s Real’’ can advance the debate. Why, I asked myself upon reading the essay, do he and I—scholars with similar training and similar methods, both of whom are firmly grounded in a tradition of realism-inspired analysis of the distribution of capabilities—so starkly disagree on the theoretical implications of agreed-upon facts? For make no mistake, no one disputes the basic facts. In late 2007, the worst financial crisis in two generations sparked a global recession during which all major economies except China’s shrank. The US economy emerged with slow growth, while China’s robust growth continued apace. As a result, the long-term trend of the relative decline of the US share of global gross domestic product (GDP) and the rise of China’s share accelerated in the 2008–2011 interval. At issue are not the facts, but their implications for scholarship. How come every theoretical implication Layne seeks to draw from these facts strikes me as clearly wrong? Cycling between the earlier writings of Layne and other balance-of-power realists, my own work, and Layne’s present essay yields an answer: a lack of analytical consistency. On vivid display in ‘‘This Time It’s Real,’’ this inconsistency is hardly random. Rather, it is all skewed toward an effort to claim that recent events vindicate Layne’s and other balance-of-power realists’ prediction from the early 1990s: unipolarity generates systemic pressures that rapidly move the system back to multipolarity. I argued elsewhere (Wohlforth 1999) that this prediction derives from an unreflective and ultimately flawed application of neorealist balance-ofpower theory to a novel unipolar setting. There was no theoretical basis for the prediction that unipolarity would spark balancing that would rapidly usher in multipolarity. And, as it turns out, there is no evidence that this has occurred or is about to occur. Layne is only able to imply otherwise by committing four serious analytical missteps.
Clinical Relevance of Antibiotic Resistance in Pneumococcal Infections

The clinical relevance of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia has recently been reviewed. This chapter updates the review and expands it to the consideration of other pneumococcal diseases such as meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and the limited literature on other types of infection such as infections of the pleura and endocarditis. Pharmacodynamics predict that high doses of intravenous penicillin remain useful for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia up to MICs of 4 μg/ml. Bacteremic pneumonia caused by a resistant strain has been described following trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy in a child and an adult and following prophylaxis with this agent, suggesting that the MICs of the agent for resistant strains probably exceed the levels achievable by oral dosing. Double-tympanocentesis studies have clearly demonstrated the relevance of pharmacodynamic principles for the prediction of bacterial eradication from the middle ear. As antimicrobial penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid is limited by the blood-brain barrier, lower levels of resistance are associated with clinical failure, which has been shown to occur even with intermediately beta-lactam-resistant strains. Pharmacodynamic principles explain the clinical failures observed with the emergence of resistance in some classes of antibiotics and also explain the successful continued use of the more active drugs despite the emergence of resistance. They thus allow the development of rational guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pneumococci.
Occupational skin disease.

Contact dermatitis, the most common occupational skin disease, is characterized by clearly demarcated areas of rash at sites of exposure. The rash improves on removal of the offending agent. In allergic contact dermatitis, even minute exposures to antigenic substances can lead to a skin rash. Common sensitizing agents include nickel and members of the Rhus genus (e.g., poison ivy, poison oak). Severe skin irritants tend to cause immediate red blisters or burns, whereas weaker irritants produce eczematous skin changes over time. An occupational cause should be suspected when rash occurs in areas that are in contact with oil, grease, or other substances. Direct skin testing (patch or scratch) or radioallergosorbent testing may help to identify a specific trigger. Skin cancer can have an occupational link in workers with prolonged exposure to sunlight and certain chemicals, although it can take decades for lesions to develop. In workers with occupational skin disease, workplace changes and protective measures are important to prevent future exposure.
Reconstruction of the chronically failed deltoid ligament: a new technique.

Background:Chronic deltoid ligament insufficiency that results in valgus tilt of the talus within the ankle mortise (stage IV adult acquired flatfoot) represents a difficult and so far unsolved pro...
Engaging Faculty In Community Engagement

Researchers endorse the integration of community engagement (CE) into higher education as a way to improve the relevance of education, address community needs, and forge universitycommunity partnerships (Zlotkowski, 1996). CE can help create stronger ties between universities and their communities and provide students with experiential learning and an opportunity to practice new skills. Successful integration of CE in the curriculum can assist universities in achieving their mission. The question is how to communicate these benefits to the faculty of a university and how the university can support CE in an organized way. This paper reports on factors contributing to successful implementation of community engagement in higher education. A case study of one university is presented and comparisons with universities, which have successfully implemented CE into their campus culture, are also made. Key principles identified include mentoring, awareness-raising, and supportive university infrastructure.
Treatment of infection with débridement and retention of the components following hip arthroplasty.

Forty-two patients (forty-two hips) who had an infection following a hip arthroplasty were managed with open debridement, retention of the prosthetic components, and antibiotic therapy. After a mean duration of follow-up of 6.3 years (range, 0.14 to twenty-two years), only six patients (14 per cent) -- four of nineteen who had had an early postoperative infection and two of four who had had an acute hematogenous infection -- had been managed successfully. Of the remaining thirty-six patients, three (7 per cent of the entire group) were being managed with chronic suppression with oral administration of antibiotics and thirty-three (79 per cent of the entire group) had had a failure of treatment. All nineteen patients who had a late chronic infection were deemed to have had a failure of treatment. Debridement had been performed at a mean of six days (range, two to fourteen days) after the onset of symptoms in the patients who had been managed successfully and at a mean of twenty-three days (range, three to ninety-three days) in those for whom treatment had failed. Debridement with retention of the prosthesis is a potentially successful treatment for early postoperative infection or acute hematogenous infection, provided that it is performed in the first two weeks after the onset of symptoms and that the prosthesis previously had been functioning well. In our experience, this procedure has not been successful when it has been performed more than two weeks after the onset of symptoms. Retention of the prosthesis should not be attempted in patients who have a chronic infection at the site of a hip arthroplasty as this approach universally fails.
A systems approach to an institutional laboratory ventilation management plan

Laboratory ventilation is a fundamental strategy to control exposures to volatile chemicals. However, laboratory ventilation systems are energy-intensive and developing innovative methods for incorporating sustainable energy considerations into laboratory ventilation design and operation is an important concern for successful 21st century laboratory institutions. This paper describes our use of two ANSI standards in the development of a Laboratory Ventilation Management Program (LVMP) that balances health and safety priorities with the sustainability goals of Cornell University. Specifically, this LVMP applies the concept of continuous improvement of system performance described by American National Standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (ANSI Z10-2012) to the design and operational criteria for laboratory ventilation systems identified by the ANSI Laboratory Ventilation Standard (ANSI Z9.5-2012). Within this LVMP, we identify key stakeholders, their roles and responsibilities relative to the twin goals for the laboratory ventilation system of worker safety and environmental sustainability, and indicators of progress that track the success of the system in meeting these goals.
Service quality improvement and control: A customer-based approach

Abstract Delivering consistently good service quality is an essential and difficult challenge for service organizations. Developing an understanding of how service quality improvement and control can be facilitated through the design and management of service delivery systems is the purpose of this article. First, techniques for evolving a set of valid, customer-based service quality specifications are presented. Second, the importance of accurately translating these specifications into a set of internal operating standards to guide service system design and quality control programs is emphasized. Third, the need to create a supportive internal service climate, reinforced by recruiting, training, and motivational approaches that serve to enhance service workers' desire and ability to meet and exceed customer expectations, is discussed. Literature from the organizational behavior and marketing fields is reviewed and integrated to develop insights and recommendations for improving the service firm's quality improvement and control programs.
Interactions among aging, gender, and gonadectomy effects upon naloxone hypophagia in rats

Abstract The present study examined the dose-dependent (0.25–5 mg/kg) effects of systemic naloxone upon deprivation-induced intake and high-fat intake as functions of age (4, 8, 14, and 20 months), gender, and gonadectomy in rats. Significant increases in body weight were observed as functions of age and gonadectomy. Whereas aging significantly reduced basal deprivation-induced intake, it generally failed to alter basal high-fat intake. Whereas age, gender, and gonadectomy failed to alter the decreases in deprivation-induced intake following low (0.25–2.5 mg/kg) naloxone doses, sham males displayed significantly greater age-related and gender-related inhibition following the 5 mg/kg dose of naloxone. Young gonadectomized rats displayed significant increases in naloxone's inhibition of deprivation-induced intake as well. More dramatic changes occurred in naloxone's inhibition of high-fat intake. Naloxone's potency increased in sham female rats as a function of age, and decreased in sham males and ovariectomized females as a function of age. Whereas sham males and ovariectomized females were most sensitive to naloxone's inhibition of high-fat intake at young ages, sham females were most sensitive at older ages. These data indicate that effects of age, gender, and gonadectomy upon naloxone-induced hypophagia dissociate as a function of the type of intake. Because selective opioid antagonist studies demonstrate that deprivation-induced intake is mediated by the mu 1 receptor and high-fat intake is mediated by kappa and mu 2 receptors, it is postulated that the differential effects of aging, gender, and gonadectomy variables upon opioid mediation of the two forms of intake may reflect their interaction with different opioid receptor subtypes.
Detection of Atomic Deuterium in the Upper Atmosphere of Mars

High-resolution spectroscopy of Mars' atmosphere with the Hubble Space Telescope revealed the deuterium Lyman alpha line at an intensity of 23 +/- 6 rayleighs. This measured intensity corresponds to HD/H2 = 1.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(-4), which is smaller by a factor of 11 than HDO/H2O. This indicates that fractionation of HD/H2 relative to that of HDO/H2O is not kinetically controlled by the rates of formation and destruction of H2 and HD but is thermodynamically controlled by the isotope exchange HD + H2O left and right arrow HDO + H2. Molecular hydrogen is strongly depleted in deuterium relative to water on Mars because of the very long lifetime of H2 (1200 years). The derived isotope fractionation corresponds to an estimate of a planetwide reservoir of water ice about 5 meters thick that is exchangeable with the atmosphere.
An Interactive Systems Model Derived from Experts' Perceptions of Human-Computer Issues

This research elicited experts' perceptions of factors affecting the development and use of interactive technologies (e.g., interactive video, multimedia, videoconferencing) using a survey of 85 human/social items extracted from current literature. Analysis of responses from members of several professional organizations having significant involvement with these technologies allowed determination of perceptions of key issues. Factor analyses were used to formulate a categorization and identify underlying dimensions, from which a general model of interactive systems was derived. The model is a graphical display of the co-dependencies and interactions among the dimensions of interactive systems. It is useful for educational technologists, instructional designers, and communications professionals in the analysis of interactive technologies and a means for viewing overall systems development, use, and effectiveness.
The palliative Mustard operation: Rationale and results

The tendency toward development of severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and associated large ventricular septal defect has been well documented. The physiologic consequence of this process is a significant reduction in intercirculatory mixing, resulting in increasingly severe levels of systemic arterial hypoxemia, compensatory polycythemia and an associated significant increase in symptoms. Data indicate that definitive surgical correction in patients with pulmonary arteriolar resistance of more than 10.0 units m2 is associated with a prohibitive operative mortality. However, the "palliative" Mustard operation (that is, intraatrial baffle repair, leaving the ventricular septal defect open) can be accomplished with relatively low risk and substantial hemodynamic benefits to the patient. It is erroneous to assume that the result of the operation will be a mere "reversal" of the preoperative systemic arterial and pulmonary arterial saturations, as shown by a review of the hemodynamic changes attributable to the operation. After the operation, systemic arterial saturations of 80 to 93 percent have been achieved, with a concomitant significant reduction in hemoglobin concentration, to a near normal level in some. Although the long-term prognosis in such patients is unknown, the reduction in symptoms and increase in exercise tolerance soon after operation are most gratifying.
The Action of Substance P on Neurons of the Myenteric Plexus of the Guinea-Pig Small Intestine

Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made in vitro from single neurons of the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine. Synthetic substance P was applied to the neurons by means of the perfusing solution or by electrophoresis from micropipettes. Extracellular recording showed that substance P (100 pM-30 nM), applied by perfusion, increased the firing rate of myenteric neurons. Intracellular recording indicated that perfusion with substance P caused a dose-dependent membrane depolarization which was unaffected by hexamethonium, hyoscine, naloxone or baclofen. The depolarization was also evoked by electrophoretic application of substance P. It was associated with an increase in membrane resistance, augmented by membrane depolarization and reduced by membrane hyperpolarization. The relation between the substance P reversal potential and the logarithm of the extracellular potassium concentration was linear with a slope of 54 mV/log$_{10}$[K$^{+}$], which indicates that substance P inactivates the resting potassium conductance of the myenteric neurons. This effect on ion conductance is the same as that of an unknown substance that mediates slow synaptic excitations with the myenteric plexus.
Early predictors of anastomotic leaks after colectomy.

Background An anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery is associated with significant morbidity and decreased survival. Our aim was to identify the early predictors of anastomotic leaks.
Light Load Efficiency Improvement for Laptop VRs

Extending battery life is a big challenge for today's laptop computer, and light load efficiency is very important for battery life extension. In this paper, a novel non-linear inductor is proposed to improve DCM efficiency for laptop CPU VR. The control method with a thorough analysis is proposed for the non-linear inductor to achieve high efficiency, required output voltage ripple and transient response. Adaptive on time control is then proposed to achieve higher efficiency when Buck is running at CCM. Finally, two-stage power architecture is proposed to achieve higher efficiency within the whole CPU load range keeping the similar cost. All of the above methods are verified by experimental results.
Laser emission from individual droplets at wavelengths corresponding to morphology-dependent resonances

Inelastic emission characteristics from individual ethanol droplets (60-microm diameter) containing Rhodamine 6G dye and pumped by a cw laser (514.5 nm) were investigated. Laser emission was confirmed by noting the spectral, temporal, and output-versus-input intensity behavior. The liquid-air boundary of the droplets provides the optical feedback at selected wavelengths corresponding to the morphology-dependent resonances of a spherical droplet.
Sensors for Small Modular Reactors Powered by Thermoelectric Generators

The aim of this work is to develop thermoelectrically powered sensing and actuating devices for normal and off-normal conditions in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). This is realized using thermoelectric generators (TEGs) placed on key reactor components such as pipes, pump housings, heat exchangers or reactor vessels to capture waste heat and produce usable electric power. The electrical power generated is used to drive sensors, signal conditioning, and wireless communication to relay critical plant information to operators and emergency crew. Surplus power can be stored in batteries and/or super capacitors for actuation and other high-current, short-duration power needs. A review of key SMR reactor types and candidate locations for installing these devices is presented. The design and manufacturing process of an integrated TEG assembly that attaches to a schedule 40 steam pipe and preliminary test data of the system from an installation performed on a conventionally-fueled cogeneration power plant located on site are presented. The nominal pipe temperature is 350°C, and the assembly is designed to reduce the temperature to 230°C on the hot side of the TEG. A cold side temperature of 70°C was obtained using a large heat sink cooled by natural convection to the ambient. Designs for an enclosure system are also presented to protect the electrical components from fire and radiation.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Oceanic, riverine, and genetic influences on spring chinook salmon migration timing

Migrating salmonids often return to their spawning habitats in overlapping timing patterns of multiple stocks (populations) collectively called a run that varies in its genetic makeup across and within years. Managers, tasked with developing harvest strategies on these runs, may have preseason estimates of total run size but little information on run timing. Without both it is difficult to assess a run's status in real time. Consequently, to avoid overharvest, managers tend to control the timing of harvest. However, this strategy may inadvertently affect the component stocks disproportionately and therefore the run's diversity. Thus, accurate estimates of run timing are needed to improve management. We developed a model that includes genetic and environmental factors to predict the mean run timing of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, Oregon, USA. The model predicted mean run timing (P < 0.00001, r2 = 0.78) by characterizing genetic run timing components from the arrival timing of precocious males returning one year prior to the remainder of the adults and environmental influences of oceanic and riverine flows that impede or advance the run timing. Variations in the relative abundances of the populations in the run explain 62% of the interannual variation in mean run timing while the oceanic and riverine factors combined account for 15.5%. We suggest that when genetic run timing characteristics are preserved in species with multiple maturation strategies the information can be used to improve run time predictions and maintain genetic diversity of harvested species.
Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata share epitopes: Antibodies to sporocysts bind host snail hemocytes

Abstract Using an independent protocol, we have confirmed that sporocysts of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni , synthesize antigens which stimulate rabbit antibody activity to epitopes on infermediate snail host hemocytes. This molecular mimicry may aid S. mansoni to escape the innate immune system of this host, Biomphalaria glabrata .
Identification of a nuclear targeting domain in the insertion between helices C and D in protease inhibitor-10.

Protease inhibitor 10 (PI-10), an intracellular ovalbumin-serpin, contains a series of basic amino acids in the loop between helices C and D that exhibit homology to known nuclear targeting signals. Transfection of HeLa cells with plasmids encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) coupled to PI-10 revealed an intense fluorescence of the nucleus. Immunoblotting demonstrated a single M r 80,000 EGFP·PI-10 complex in isolated nuclei. Mutation of four basic amino acids in the interhelical loop to alanines (i.e. K74A, K75A, R76A, K77A) resulted in the fluorescent complex being confined to the cytoplasm. Further evidence for a nuclear targeting signal in this region was provided by localization of the fluorescent label to the nucleus in cells transfected with a plasmid encoding EGFP fused to the 25 amino acids comprising the interhelical loop of PI-10 (i.e. Arg-63 to Glu-87), whereas a cytoplasmic distribution was noted for the construct encoding EGFP coupled to the mutated interhelical loop. These data raise the possibility that PI-10 may play a role in regulating protease activity within the nucleus, a property unique in the field of serpin biology.
Typology of Structural Change in the Chicago Economy: A Temporal Inverse Analysis

Earlier studies (Hewings et al. 1998, Okuyama et al. 2002a, and Okuyama et al. 2002b) investigated the hollowing-out phenomenon of the Chicago economy, in which the manufacturing sectors in Chicago have decreased their intermediate dependency within the region while the service sectors have increased their dependency. In this paper, a set of annual input-output tables for the Chicago metropolitan economy during the period of 1980-97 was again employed for a further investigation of the structural change, using an alternative tool, the Temporal Leontief Inverse Analysis (Sonis and Hewings 1998), that can assist in exploring trends and uncovering tendencies in individual sectors or groups of sectors within the context of an economy-wide system of accounts. The results are compared with the earlier studies for examining the nature and details of the hollowing-out phenomenon.
Decision to Seek Commitment: Psychiatric Decision Making in a Legal Context

• In seeking to commit patients, psychiatrists have often been accused of pursuing ends other than those prescribed by the law, but empiric data have been lacking on those factors that influence commitment decisions. In this study 34 clinicians, most of whom were psychiatrists, responded to 65 requests by voluntary patients for discharge from the hospital. The legal criteria governing commitment were found to be significantly related to the decision. Those nonlegal criteria that seemed most consistently to play a significant role in the decision seemed closely related to one of the legal criteria. The clinicians' affective responses to their patients and the patients' personality traits did not play a significant role in the decision. These findings suggest that this group of clinicians was acting in substantial accordance with the dangerousness requirements of the commitment law.