cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leafy Controls Meristem Identity in Arabidopsis

Flower development can be broken down into at least five steps: (1) Upon floral induction, the vegetative shoot meristem is converted into an inflorescence meristem. (2) The inflorescence meristem starts to generate floral meristems, or is itself transformed into a floral meristem. This step can be preceded by the generation of a limited number of secondary inflorescence meristems by the primary inflorescence meristem. (3) The floral meristems produce floral organ primordia. (4) The floral organ primordia adopt different fates according to their position within the developing flower. (5) The floral organ primordia differentiate into floral organs. Despite many efforts, very little is known about the molecules directing these processes. Since classical physiological approaches toward understanding flower development have met only with limited success, a genetic-molecular approach has recently been chosen by several groups (e.g., Komaki et al., 1988; Bowman et al., 1989, 1991, 1992; Hill and Lord, 1989; Kunst et al., 1989; Sommer et al., 1990; Yanofsky et al., 1990; Irish and Sussex, 1990; Carpenter and Coen, 1990; Coen et al., 1990; Martinez-Zapater and Somerville, 1990; Drews et al., 1991; Goto et al., 1991; Koornneef et al., 1991; Schultz and Haughn, 1991; Schultz et al. 1991; Shannon and Meeks-Wagner, 1991; Alvarez et al., 1992; Schwarz-Sommer et al., 1992; Jack et al., 1992; Huijser et al., 1992; Weigel et al., 1992; Huala and Sussex, 1992). The underlying rationale is to first identify mutations that specifically affect different steps of flower development, then to analyze these mutations at the genetic level, and finally to clone the corresponding genes to determine their function at the molecular level.
Simulation and Analysis of a Fractionally Controlled Active Suspension System Using Quarter Car Model

This study is conducted to provide preliminary data that fractional calculus can be used to optimize active automobile suspension systems. Most automobile suspension systems perform their duties using a single spring with fixed damping rates and are referred to as being a passive system. An active suspension system has the ability to directly control force actuators in the suspension system or by varying the damping rates within the shock absorbers to provide control over body position, velocity, and acceleration. A mathematical model for a quarter car suspension system has been obtained to compare passive, integer, and fractionally controlled active suspension systems and show that fractional calculus may be used to improve the performance of any active system.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Volume has independent prognostic value in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy

Background Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most validated independent prognostic factor for mortality, ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure (HF) in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy without etiology. However, mild or moderate reduction LVEF yield limited predictive value. The amount of fibrosis, detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on CMR, has also been validated as an independent predictor factor. Conventional imaging techniques cannot robustly quantify the full spectrum of extracellular cardiac matrix volume (ECV) expansion. ECV expansion often may not be evident on LGE CMR or other modalities. Quantifying ECV may ultimately provide independent prognostic value to improve care through targeted treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of myocardial ECV expansion in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy.
Applications of Fourier Series in Classical Guitar Technique

In elementary differential equations courses, the model of a (transversely) vibrating string is frequently used to motivate the one-dimensional wave equation and Fourier series. For musically-inclined students, the motivation can be strengthened by applying this model to techniques used by classical guitarists to vaiy tone quality. This note describes two such applications. The first application (harmonics) is well-known, eliciting nods of familiarity from guitar-playing students. The second application (sol tasto and sol ponticello) is less well-known outside the specific context of trained classical guitarists, but it is equally interesting, suggesting a surprisingly simple mathematical explanation for the technique where it is not immediately obvious that such an explanation exists. The physical model of a string in the xy-plane, with ends fixed at the points (0,0) and (tt,6), displaced to the shape of a curve y=f(x) at time ?=0 and then released to move in the j;-direction only (see Figure l), gives rise to the boundaiyvalue problem
Development of supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography purification methods using rapid solubility screening with multiple solubility chambers

Rapid solubility screening in diverse supercritical fluids (SCFs) was carried out via multiple solubility chambers with a trapping device and online ultraviolet (UV) detection. With this device, it was possible to rapidly study the solubility variations of multiple components in a mixture. Results from solubility studies have been used to develop efficient supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) methods. After the investigation of solubilities of theophylline and caffeine in several neat organic solvents and SCFs, advantages of SFE over conventional organic solvent extraction were demonstrated with a model mixture of theophylline and caffeine. The highest solubility ratio of 1:40 (theophylline:caffeine) was observed in the SCF with 20% acetonitrile (MeCN), where a ratio of 1:11 was the highest in the neat organic solvents. A model mixture of theophylline:caffeine (85:15 w/w, caffeine as an impurity) was successfully purified by SFE by leveraging the highest solubility difference. The SCF with 20% MeCN selectively removed caffeine and left theophylline largely intact. Rapid SCF solubility screening was applied to development of SFE and SFC methods in a drug discovery environment. Two successful applications were demonstrated with proprietary Amgen compounds to either remove an achiral impurity before chiral purification or enhance chiral chromatographic throughput. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Consumer Socialization Explanation of Parental Concern with Toy-Based Programs

In recent years, some marketers have attempted to promote toys to children via television programs. Previous research has attempted to gauge parents’ reactions to these “toy-based programs” (Muehling, Carlson and Laczniak 1992). This study attempts to augment past efforts by using socialization theory and multiattribute attitude theory to develop a model of parental concern with toy-based programs. Potential managerial implications of this model are also discussed.
Model-free Adaptive Variable Pitch Control for Wind Turbine System Constant Power

Wind turbine system boasts strong nonlinearity and coupling,and the disturbance from the wind is very strong. The model free adaptive control based on dynamically estimating the system's characteristic value was proposed to overcome the system's time-varying and nonlinearity by optimizing internal parameters. Its capacity of resisting disturbance outperforms that of PID and is more suitable for the nonlinear and strong coupling system. Comparing the control effect of the model-free adaptive pitch control with that of the PID control and then simulating it indicate that the model-free control can keep a constant power for the turbine generator better.
Evaluation of HACCP System in the Control Effects of Food Safety

Objective:To evaluate the control effects of HACCP system in food safety control.Methods;18catering enterprises willing to adopt HACCP system were recruited in the study.Total number of colonies and the number of Escherichia coli were recorded before and after of implement of HACCP system,and then analyzed whether there were there were significant differences between two time points.Results:Total number of colonies and the number of Escherichia coli in the process of cooling,slicing,mixing and edible were significant lower than those before the implement of HACCP system(P 0.05).Total numbers of colonies were 8.4 x 103 cfu/g,and the numbers of Escherichia coli were 47 MPN/lOOg before eating.Microbial pollution in knives,chopping boards,rags,dish and hands were also significant lower than those before the implement of HACCP system(P 0.05).After the implement of HACCP system,total number of colonies in knives,chopping boards,rags,dish and hands were less than 100 cfu/g,and the numbers of Escherichia coli in those were less than 3 MPN/100 g.Conclusions;HACCP system could improve food safety,and it is worthy to spread in catering.
5G green networking: Enabling technologies, potentials, and challenges

We are in the midst of a major change in mobile wireless networks. Driven by the massive number of mobile-connected devices and the constant increase in the data rates, the primary objective of wireless network operators has been to satisfy the throughput of users and maximize the network capacity. However, this has lead to an energy inefficient network design. Our goal in this paper is to discuss the potential solutions and key enabling technologies that will facilitate network operators introduce power savings and improve energy efficiency in next-generation wireless networks. Specifically, we focus on the energy efficiency aspects of massive multiple-input multiple output systems (or also referred to as Large-Scale Antenna Systems), millimeter-wave communications, and dense deployment of small cells. With the goal of an energy-efficient network design, we identify the recent advances, quantify how much gain can be achieved, and present a comprehensive summary of open problems in these areas.
Principles of Anti-infective Dosing in Pregnancy.

Abstract Purpose Anti-infectives are among the most commonly prescribed medications in pregnancy. However, detailed information on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these medications in pregnancy is limited, leading to uncertainty among clinicians regarding the tolerability and efficacy of treatments. The purposes of this review were to highlight key physiologic changes during pregnancy that influence drug behavior, and to discuss areas of active research related to anti-infective drugs in pregnancy. Methods A review of literature in PubMed was performed for topics related to physiologic changes of pregnancy, postcesarean surgical site infections, vaccines in pregnancy, and intrauterine infections. The literature was reviewed and pertinent sources were utilized for this article. Findings Physiologic changes during pregnancy may impact drug disposition and efficacy. Cefazolin regimens are the current prophylactic treatment of choice for postcesarean surgical site infections. Vaccines are provided in pregnancy for both maternal and neonatal benefit. Broad-spectrum antibiotics continue to be used as first-line therapy for intrauterine infections. Implications Continued efforts to broaden the knowledge base on anti-infective drug behavior in pregnancy will result in increased therapeutic options for this population.
The impact of climate change on developed economies

Abstract We use sub-national data to examine the relationship between temperature and growth within the United States and the European Union. Different from previous studies based on national data, we find that the optimal temperature is much lower. Because most of production takes place in areas with temperatures above the optimal temperature, projected temperature increases have significantly negative impact on the economic growth of the United States and the European Union. Our results suggest more proactive climate policy.
Influence of rain on the abundance of bioaerosols in fine and coarse particles

Abstract. Assessing the environmental, health, and climate impacts of bioaerosols requires knowledge of their size and abundance. These two properties were assessed through daily measurements of chemical tracers for pollens (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), fungal spores (mannitol and glucans), and Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins in two particulate matter (PM) size modes: fine particles ( 75 %), as expected for particles greater than 2.5 µm. Rainfall on 2 May corresponded to maximum atmospheric pollen tracer levels and a redistribution of pollen tracers to the fine PM fraction (> 80 %). Both changes were attributed to the osmotic rupture of pollen grains that led to the suspension of fine-sized pollen fragments. Fungal spore tracers peaked in concentration following spring rain events and decreased in particle size, but to a lesser extent than pollens. A short, heavy thunderstorm in late summer corresponded to an increase in endotoxin and glucose levels, with a simultaneous shift to smaller particle sizes. Simultaneous increase in bioaerosol levels and decrease in their size have significant implications for population exposures to bioaerosols, particularly during rain events. Chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment modeling and regionally specific pollen profiles were used to apportion PM mass to pollens and fungal spores. Springtime pollen contributions to the mass of particles
The coelomic elements of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus). II. Cytochemistry of the coelomocytes.

Coelomocytes of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Strongylocentrotus franciscanus include phagocytic leukocytes, flagellated “vibratile cells”, and two types of spherule-bearing cells; one of which contains echinochrome, a red naphthaquinone pigment. Vibratile cells are PAS positive and contain a strongly acidic mucopolysaccharide. Substances with similar staining and chemical properties appear in the coelomic fluid under certain stress conditions. It is supposed that these substances enter the fluid by diffusion from the vibratile cells. Tests indicate that both spherule-cell types, like the spherule cells of holothurians (sea cucumbers), may undergo a cycle during which they pass from a basophilic to an acidophilic state. Chemical properties of the spherule cells approximate those of vertebrate mast cells. The variability of staining and chemical reactions of spherule cells explains why published accounts of their properties have differed so widely. It is suggested that the properties of mucoid substances in invertebrate spherule-bearing cells may be as variable as is true of vertebrate mast cells.
Educating Providers on Evidence-Based Medical Guidelines

Fertility preservation is an emerging field that addresses the reproductive health of individuals facing gonadotoxic therapies. This population is diverse and comprises patients with a variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders that occur across the reproductive lifespan. The heterogeneous nature of the population poses unique challenges to the implementation of clinical research. Since the data in this field are evolving rapidly, physician mastery of evidence-based medicine concepts is essential for optimizing patient outcomes. In this section, we discuss the principles of evidence-based medicine, review methods for grading the literature, assess the current state of the literature in the field of fertility preservation, and consider strategies for physician education.
Phrenic motoneurons: output elements of a highly organized intraspinal network

pontomedullary respiratory network generates the respiratory pattern and relays it to bulbar and spinal respiratory motor outputs. The phrenic motor system controlling diaphragm contraction receive...
Chinese Investments in European Countries: Experiences and Lessons for the “Belt and Road” Initiative

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BR) concept is raising a number of questions for stakeholder countries, several of which are member states of the European Union (EU). Since 2008, there has been a substantial rise in Chinese investment projects across Europe, and China is increasingly willing to connect its initiative to the EU’s infrastructure plans. With the BR still in its preliminary stages, it is worth looking at examples of Chinese investments in strategic infrastructure sectors (port, airport, energy), and how they could impact the future of the BR and general cooperation between China and Europe.
Isotemporal Substitution of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity on Function.

The amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors (SB) progressively increases with age, while reducing time spent in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). These trajectories in PA and SB are linked to accelerated reductions in physical functioning. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the association of substituting SB time with LPA and MVPA on physical function in older adults. METHODS Ninety-one older adults (mean age, 70.7 ± 10.2 yr) wore a hip-mounted accelerometer to measure SB, LPA, and MVPA time. Measures of physical function included a 400-m walk test (400W), the usual gait speed (UGS), the five times sit-to-stand (5xSTS) test, and the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Isotemporal substitution regression modeling was performed to assess the relationship of replacing the amount of time spent in one activity for another. RESULTS Replacing 30 min·d of SB with LPA was associated with a significant improvement in 400W (P = 0.0497), whereas MVPA resulted in a significant improvement (P < 0.01) in 400W, UGS, 5xSTS, and SPPB. Replacing 60 min·d of SB with 10 min·d of MVPA and 50 min·d of LPA was associated with significant improvements in the 400W, UGS, and 5xSTS (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, as little as 5 min·d of MVPA and 55 min·d of LPA were linked to a 78% increased odds of scoring with good function in the SPPB (P = 0.0247). CONCLUSION Replacing SB with LPA was linked to a significant improvement in the 400W, but not the other brief functional measures. Mixed doses of LPA and MVPA may add flexibility to interventions targeting reductions of SB in older adults for clinically relevant improvements in physical function.
Biochemical bases of growth variation during development: A study of protein turnover in pedigreed families of bivalve larvae (Crassostrea gigas)

ABSTRACT Animal size is a highly variable trait regulated by complex interactions between biological and environmental processes. Despite the importance of understanding the mechanistic bases of growth, predicting size variation in early stages of development remains challenging. Pedigreed lines of the Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) were crossed to produce contrasting growth phenotypes to analyze the metabolic bases of growth variation in larval stages. Under controlled environmental conditions, substantial growth variation of up to 430% in shell length occurred among 12 larval families. Protein was the major biochemical constituent in larvae, with an average protein-to-lipid content ratio of 2.8. On average, 86% of protein synthesized was turned over (i.e. only 14% retained as protein accreted), with a regulatory shift in depositional efficiency resulting in increased protein accretion during later larval growth. Variation in protein depositional efficiency among families did not explain the range in larval growth rates. Instead, changes in protein synthesis rates predicted 72% of growth variation. High rates of protein synthesis to support faster growth, in turn, necessitated greater allocation of the total ATP pool to protein synthesis. An ATP allocation model is presented for larvae of C. gigas that includes the major components (82%) of energy demand: protein synthesis (45%), ion pump activity (20%), shell formation (14%) and protein degradation (3%). The metabolic trade-offs between faster growth and the need for higher ATP allocation to protein synthesis could be a major determinant of fitness for larvae of different genotypes responding to the stress of environmental change.
Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Randomized Controlled Trials of Therapeutic Devices (P2.305)

Objective: To answer whether there is sufficient investigation into the efficacy of therapeutic devices for drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with co-morbid neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). Background: Devices provide useful palliation for otherwise uncontrollable seizures. Those with NDDs are more likely to have earlier-onset epilepsy and drug-resistant seizures. 30%+ of children with epilepsy screen positive for an NDD. Little is known of the efficacy of anti-epileptic devices in this population. Design/Methods: A systematic review of the published literature and ongoing trials was performed. We interrogated the inclusion and exclusion criteria of RCTs that studied the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (TMS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), in adults or children with drug-resistant seizures, for any specifiers of NDDs. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP. Randomized, double-blind, parallel or crossover studies, controlled trials were included. Results: 57 articles (n = 1563 patients) and trials were identified (24 VNS, 16 DBS, 14 TMS, 3 RNS). No trial explicitly listed any form of NDDs in their inclusion or exclusion criteria. The majority of studies included criteria that may or may not indirectly represent people with NDDs. Specifically, inclusion/exclusion criteria listing whether the patient (21% of studies) or a caregiver (23%) is able to consent, whether the patient (28%) or a caregiver (21%) can keep an accurate seizure calendar and follow-up with the study, absence of psychiatric disease (26%), absence of progressive neurological disease (56%), good health except epilepsy (7%), IQ thresholds (11%), absence of custodial guardianship (4%). Conclusions: Although patients with NDDs and epilepsy display different natural disease courses, they have not been explicitly considered for inclusion or exclusion in randomized controlled trials of interventions for epilepsy. Concerns over the unmet needs of this specialized population were highlighted through this systematic review. Disclosure: Dr. Bernhardt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Powers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Petteys has nothing to disclose. Dr. Powers has nothing to disclose.
Toward a Cultural Epidemiology of Emotion

From what little we know of the relationship between the fine details of human interaction and the longer cycles of the career line, there is reason to expect that the longer cycles will always be enlarged repetitions or repeated reflections of pattern contained in the fine detail. Indeed, this assumption that the microscopic will reflect the macroscopic is a major justification of most of our test procedures. A major function of the techniques of microanalysis is, therefore, to obtain from small quantities of data, accurately and completely recorded, insights into human relationship which could otherwise only be obtained either by long-time observation or from the notoriously unreliable data of anamnestic reconstruction (Bateson, 1971).
Surface Water in Watercourses

The term watercourse includes (1) the channel or bed in which the water flows, (2) the stream of flowing water, and (3) springs, lakes, and marshes through which the waters of a stream flow and can be traced. The sine qua non of a watercourse is the stream of flowing water. The size of the stream and the velocity of the flow are immaterial. In some cases periodic or occasional flow may constitute a stream.
A phase II trial of second-line erlotinib in combination with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

8074 Background: Stage IV NSCLC patients who progress through first-line therapy have poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), most commonly failing in existing sites of gros...
Meeting Physician Compliance Recommendations in the Management of Opioids in Chronic Pain: The Chronic Pain Management Registry (CPMR).

In a recent commentary in INNOVATIONS in Pharmacy, details were given on a recently released Chronic Pain Management Registry (CPMR). The CPMR was designed to provide a tracking and audit framework for evaluating claims made for therapy interventions in chronic pain management. At the same time, the CPMR was seen as a key element in monitoring physician and practice compliance with requirements for the prescribing of opioids and other scheduled substances. The purpose of the present commentary is to expand upon the role of the CPMR in the management of opioids in detailing the concordance of the CPMR data collection requirements with the latest recommendations of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) for responsible, safe and effective opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain. Given ongoing concerns with opioid misuse and abuse, the opioid epidemic, physician practices are at risk for what may be judged as poor therapy decisions in evaluating medical necessity and a failure to monitor effectively response to therapy. Adoption of a platform such as the CPMR may, through providing a comprehensive evidence base and tracking capability, support more effective prescribing decisions and adherence to therapy. At the same time, the ability to justify decisions through a CPMR documentation audit may not only alleviate physician concerns if their decisions are challenged but also lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of chronic pain. Article Type: Commentary
Comparison of Bank Efficiencies Between the U.S. and Canada: Evidence Based on SFA and DEA

This paper aims to achieve two targets. First, using balanced panel data from 2008 to 2017 it compares the cost efficiencies between US and Canadian commercial banks to examine whether structural differences in the two countries’ banking industries create differences in efficiencies. Since efficiency is a valuable measurement to indicate the ability of an organization to utilize limited resources to produce, in this article we compare the operating competitiveness of these banks. Next, to achieve the first goal, both the Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis are employed to examine cost efficiencies in order to find new evidence given the mixed results in previous literature. Profit efficiency is also compared with cost efficiency based on a parametric approach. The results regarding cost and profit efficiency conforms to prior studies indicating a relatively low correlation. However, SFA and DEA produce very different and uncorrelated results, though DEA generates overall lower efficiencies, as expected. Thus, the findings suggest that methodology cross-checking along with information regarding variables selection are necessary before decision making. Essentially, there is not enough evidence to conclude that bank efficiencies are different either between the US and Canada, or between large and small banks in US. However, DEA suggests an increasing trend in average efficiencies, as this parameter is not time-adjusted. A more technical exploration of how to reliably measure efficiencies is awaited to make advancements in this area.
Single-domain antibodies for functional targeting of the signaling scaffold Shoc2

The accurate transmission of signals by the canonical ERK1/2 kinase pathway critically relies on the proper assembly of an intricate multiprotein complex by the scaffold protein Shoc2. However, the details of the mechanism by which Shoc2 guides ERK1/2 signals are not clear, in part, due to the lack of research tools targeting specific protein binding moieties of Shoc2. We report generation and characterization of single domain antibodies against human Shoc2 using a universal synthetic library of humanized nanobodies. Our results identify eight synthetic single-domain antibodies and show that two evaluated antibodies have binding affinities to Shoc2 in the nanomolar range. High affinity antibodies were uniquely suited for the analysis of the Shoc2 complex assembly. Selected single-domain antibodies were also functional in intracellular assays. This study illustrates that Shoc2 single-domain antibodies can be used to understand functional mechanisms governing complex multiprotein signaling modules and have promise in application for therapies that require modulation of the ERK1/2-associated diseases.
2019 ITAA Pre-Conference Workshop: Understanding the Requirements and Expectations for Preparing the Self-Study Report for TAPAC Accreditation Review

The workshop was designed for program representatives and administrators either planning for or in the process of preparing the Self-Study Report for TAPAC Accreditation Review. The focus was on preparing the Self-Study Report and related materials to most effectively communicate how the program addresses and meets TAPAC Accreditation Standards. Following an overview of the Self-Study document, TAPAC members provided insight regarding documentation required to address each of the seven TAPAC Accreditation Standards. Examples of suggestions and pointers to help communicate requisite program information are provided.
Randomized Bregman Coordinate Descent Methods for Non-Lipschitz Optimization.

We propose a new \textit{randomized Bregman (block) coordinate descent} (RBCD) method for minimizing a composite problem, where the objective function could be either convex or nonconvex, and the smooth part are freed from the global Lipschitz-continuous (partial) gradient assumption. Under the notion of relative smoothness based on the Bregman distance, we prove that every limit point of the generated sequence is a stationary point. Further, we show that the iteration complexity of the proposed method is $O(n\varepsilon^{-2})$ to achieve $\epsilon$-stationary point, where $n$ is the number of blocks of coordinates. If the objective is assumed to be convex, the iteration complexity is improved to $O(n\epsilon^{-1} )$. If, in addition, the objective is strongly convex (relative to the reference function), the global linear convergence rate is recovered. We also present the accelerated version of the RBCD method, which attains an $O(n\varepsilon^{-1/\gamma} )$ iteration complexity for the convex case, where the scalar $\gamma\in [1,2]$ is determined by the \textit{generalized translation variant} of the Bregman distance. Convergence analysis without assuming the global Lipschitz-continuous (partial) gradient sets our results apart from the existing works in the composite problems.
CRT-100.08 Midterm Gender Outcomes and Gender Disparity of Ulnar Versus Radial Cardiac Catheterization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Ultrasound Guidance

Ultrasound access enables detailed vessel imaging for cannulation. The midterm outcomes of women versus men undergoing ulnar or radial cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using ultrasound guidance have not been previously studied. Evaluate the gender outcomes of
Being cognizant of the amount of information: Curvilinear relationship between total-information and funding-success of crowdfunding campaigns

Abstract Fund-seekers launching crowdfunding campaigns must provide information about their product or service to attract potential fund-providers. They usually provide information about their product using text, videos, and images. However, the amount of information that maximizes the likelihood of funding success is unknown. This study amalgamates the communications and crowdfunding literature and argues that the total-information has a curvilinear relationship with the likelihood of funding success. This study collects data from more than two thousand rewards-based crowdfunding campaigns, conducts multiple logit regression analyses, and demonstrates that total-information initially positively and later negatively affects the likelihood of crowdfunding success. Furthermore, this study indicates that fund-seekers should focus on providing information through text and videos rather than images.
Decline machines and economic development: rust belt cities and Flint, Michigan

We develop the concept of decline machines, only recently invoked by urbanists, to understand city economic development in America’s urban rust belt. We chronicle this notion and show that it curre...
Higher Education and International Student Mobility in the Global Knowledge Economy

Higher Education and International Student Mobility in the Global Knowledge Economy. Guruz, Kemal (2008). Albany, State University of New York: SUNY Press.In the context of internationalization and globalization of higher education, Kemal Guruz's book, Higher Education and International Student Mobility in the Global Knowledge Economy, explores contributions made by international students and scholars in higher education from a historical perspective. A native of Turkey, Guruz studied and worked for a while at Harvard University and the State University of New York in the United States. He presents the international mobility of students and scholars with in-depth historical, cultural and socio-economical perspectives. Guruz highlights global knowledge economy, institutional patterns of higher education, enrollments, governance, and recent changes in higher education of several countries in this book.The book is designed into six chapters. Chapter 1 defines "global knowledge economy" as academic mobility in higher education. He presents historically the role of capitalism in global knowledge economy as it drives "virtuous cycle of innovation, reward, and reinvestment" (12). Similarly, "international student mobility" refers to students studying in a foreign country in which Guruz focuses on social, cultural, and political perspectives these students bring with in internationalization of higher education.In Chapter 2, Guruz analyzes educational attainment of emigrants and value of education historically with data on enrollment and demand in higher education from various countries. Chapter 3 concerns with how globalization has affected finance, administration and governance of both public and private universities across the globe. Chapter 4 shows compares and contrasts technology-driven non-profit, for-profit, private and public higher education. Guruz presents a detailed history of open universities established in the UK, the USA, India, Cyprus, Thailand, and in other various parts of the world and profit they make over the years.Chapter 5 presents the globalization and internalization of higher education in the Greco-Roman and Muslim worlds, in the medieval times, and in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This chapter also deals with the recently emerged rationales of the modern American universities that are driving the international higher education in the US and across the globe. The author also mentions the Bologna process, a commitment by ministers responsible for higher education from European countries. …
Developing a master's degree program in Gerontology.

The aging population is growing exponentially, and it is expected that soon the number of older adults within our population will outnumber the youth. To prepare for this shift in demographics, the...
Parent and Patient Perceptions of Adverse Childhood Experience Screening in Two Diverse Clinics

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased risk of medical, mental health, and behavioral problems. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends ACE screening, management, and prevention for toxic stress. However, many pediatricians are not screening in part due to uncertainty of families' responses and fear of jeopardizing relationships. Because quantitative studies of parent and patient perceptions of ACE screening have not been performed in pediatric populations, this study aims to address this gap. Methods: …
Solving combinatorial problems by two D_Wave hybrid solvers: a case study of traveling salesman problems in the TSP Library

The D_Wave quantum computer is an analog device that approximates optimal solutions to optimization problems. The traveling salesman problems in the TSP Library are too large to process on the D_Wave quantum computer DW_2000Q_6. We report favorable approximations for solving the smallest, symmetric traveling salesman problems in the TSP Library by two D_Wave hybrid solvers, Kerberos and LeapHybridSampler. This is useful work about results from new quantum tools on problems that have been studied. It is expected to show a quantum way forward with larger problems when the hardware is upgraded. Also this work demonstrates that the TSP Library is a source of benchmarks for quantum processing of combinatorial problems. The hybrid solvers combine quantum and classical methods in a manner that is D_Wave proprietary information. The results from Kerberos were closer to optimal than the results from LeapHybridSampler. We show that the error percent from optimal increases as the problem size increases, which is consistent with results on D-Wave_s quantum computer for other optimization problems. An appendix contains outcomes from the two hybrid solvers for two asymmetric traveling salesman problems that are in the TSP Library. Again, the Kerberos results were closer to optimal than those from LeapHybridSampler, which indicates that Kerberos is superior to LeapHybridSampler on traveling salesman problems.
The Analysis of Animal Communication

Communication consists of the transmission of information from one animal to another. Information is encoded by one individual into a signal. When received by another animal, this information undergoes decoding, while still retaining a specifiable relationship to the encoded information. The relationship is sometimes deterministic, sometimes only probabilistic. During such encoding and decoding, the carrier of the information and the format of the information undergo many transformations. Starting with the original designatum or referent, information passes through a series of steps internal to the signaling animal before effecting a change of state of the signaling organ. A signal is then propagated in a medium. Further steps follow, from transmitted signal to receptor organs of a recipient, from sensory to central processing, and eventually to a recipient’s overt or covert response.
Almost Greedy Bases and Duality

Let X be a Banach space with a semi-normalized basis \(\Psi\;=\;\mathop{\left\{\psi_n\right\}}\nolimits^\infty_{n=1}\).
TU-E-213-02: Credentialing

Purpose: To develop the first 4D robust optimization (RO) method accounting for respiratory motion and evaluate its potential to improve plan robustness and optimality compared to 3D RO and PTV-based optimization. Methods: A set of 4D CT images are used to track respiratory motion and deformation of tumors and organs. For each of 10 respiration phases, dose distributions for nine different uncertainty scenarios including the nominal one, those incorporating ±5mm setup uncertainties long x, y and z directions and ±3.5% range uncertainties are calculated. All 90 dose distributions are simultaneously optimized to achieve full dose coverage of 10 CTVs and sparing of normal structures. ITV-based 3D RO and PTV-based optimization based on the average CT are also carried for the same patient using same dose volume constrains. After optimization, 4D robustness evaluation was performed for all resulting plans. The CTV coverage and the sparing of normal tissue in 10 phases are evaluated and compared among the three methods. The widths of DVH bands represent the robustness of dose distributions in the structures. Results: For one patient studied so far, the worst case CTV coverage by the prescription dose among all 90 scenarios is: 99% for 4D RO; 88.9% for 3D RO, and 85.2% for PTV based optimization. 4D RO also results in best robustness with the narrowest DVH’ bandwidths for the CTV. 4D and 3D RO have similar organ sparing while PTV based optimization results in worst organ sparing. Conclusion: 4D robust optimization which accounts for anatomy motion and deformation in the optimization process, significantly improves plan robustness and achieves higher quality treatment plans for lung cancer patients. The method is being evaluated for multiple patients with different tumor and motion characteristics.
Interactions among human behavior, social networks, and societal infrastructures: A Case Study in Computational Epidemiology

Human behavior, social networks, and the civil infrastructures are closely intertwined. Understanding their co-evolution is critical for designing public policies and decision support for disaster planning. For example, human behaviors and day to day activities of individuals create dense social interactions that are characteristic of modern urban societies. These dense social networks provide a perfect fabric for fast, uncontrolled disease propagation. Conversely, people’s behavior in response to public policies and their perception of how the crisis is unfolding as a result of disease outbreak can dramatically alter the normally stable social interactions. Effective planning and response strategies must take these complicated interactions into account. In this chapter, we describe a computer simulation based approach to study these issues using public health and computational epidemiology as an illustrative example. We also formulate game-theoretic and stochastic optimization problems that capture many of the problems that we study empirically.
Purification and Properties of Mucor pusillus Acid Protease

The protease produced by Mucor pusillus was recovered from a wheat bran medium by treatment with ammonium sulfate, ethyl alcohol, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The yield of the enzyme was 55%. The overall increase in the specific activity of the protease was 34-fold. The purified protease was most active at pH 3.8 and 5.6 against hemoglobin and casein, respectively. Optimal hydrolysis of casein was observed at 55 C. The enzyme was stable from pH 3.0 to 6.0. Enzyme inactivated by metal ions was reactivated by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and o-phenanthroline. Reducing agents and thiol poisons had no effect on the protease, suggesting that free sulfhydryl groups were not required for enzyme activity. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate did not inhibit the protease, indicating the probable absence of serine in the active center. The Michaelis-Menten constant for casein was 0.357%. Electrophoretic analysis of active protein recovered by ion-exchange chromatography showed that the protease preparation was homogeneous.
X-Ray, Optical and UV Observations of the Young Supernova Remnant in the Irregular Galaxy NGC 4449

A powerful young supernova remnant (SNR) similar to Cas A has recently been discovered in the irregular galaxy NGC 4449. We have obtained X-ray, optical and ultraviolet data which allow us to investigate possible models for this object and estimate its age. Several lines of argument indicate a massive star of order 25 M⊙ as the precursor to this remnant. If the x-ray emission is attributed to a reverse shock in the ejecta, the remnant should be ~ 120 years old.
An Exploratory Assessment of Web Site Performance

Abstract This paper presents findings of an exploratory case study that was undertaken to assess Web performance evaluation in three petroleum energy firms in the Southwest. Findings indicate that firms with clearly defined Web site objectives will tend to have much more comprehensive strategies for Web site performance evaluation. Contrary to our expectations, perceptions of Web expertise was not significantly related to perceived Web site performance. However, there was a clear relationship between perceived Web development expertise and the perceived ability to improve sites. Additionally, our findings suggest a lack of senior management guidance in Web related initiatives has contributed to an inability to successfully link Web performance measures to organizational objectives.
The Role of Population Size in Rate of Evolution in Genetic Programming

Population size is a critical parameter that affects the performance of an Evolutionary Computation model. A variable population size scheme is considered potentially beneficial to improve the quality of solutions and to accelerate fitness progression. In this contribution, we discuss the relationship between population size and the rate of evolution in Genetic Programming. We distinguish between the rate of fitness progression and the rate of genetic substitutions , which capture two different aspects of a GP evolutionary process. We suggest a new indicator for population size adjustment during an evolutionary process by measuring the rate of genetic substitutions. This provides a separate feedback channel for evolutionary process control, derived from concepts of population genetics. We observe that such a strategy can stabilize the rate of genetic substitutions and effectively accelerate fitness progression. A test with the Mackey-Glass time series prediction verifies our observations.
Health, Self‐Rated

Self-rated health, or self-reported health (SRH), is a measurement of a respondent's subjective sense of health. The SRH measure is commonly used to capture a general sense of health from the perspective of the respondent. SRH is both a reliable and a valid measurement of health. It has been used widely to study health, and is an excellent predictor of future health. Keywords: epidemiology; health; public health; quantitative methods; research methods
WHO TAKES CARE OF WHOM IN THE U.S.? EVIDENCE FROM MATRICES OF TIME TRANSFERS BY AGE AND SEX

Non-monetary intergenerational transfers of time, such as informal care time transfers, represent a largely unknown, yet pivotal component of the support system in a country. In this article, we offer estimates of time transfers, by age and sex, related to informal childcare and adult care in the United States. We developed methods to extract both intra-household and inter-household time transfers from the American Time Use Survey (2011-2013) and the recently-added Eldercare Roster. We then summarized the results in matrices of time flows by age and sex for the general U.S. population, as well as for the so-called "sandwich generation." We observed that most time transfers flow downwards from parents to young children. Grandmothers spend more time with newborn grandchildren than grandfathers, who, on the other hand, spend more time with slightly older grandchildren. The time produced by the sandwich generation is directed towards a more diverse population spectrum, including substantial intra-generational transfers to spouses. Estimates of time produced and consumed by the population with various demographic characteristics establish a foundation for extrapolating the degree to which the demand for care services will be met in the years to come. Extrapolation based on our findings reveals a steady rise in demand, relative to supply, of informal care lasting decades into the future. This projection indicates that, to maintain current levels of care, our society will have to either rely more heavily on the market or on an increased effort of caregivers.
Resonant capture, counter-rotating discs, and polar rings

We suggest that polar rings and/or counter-rotating disks in flattened galaxies can be formed from stars captured at the Binney resonance, where the rate of precession of the angular momentum vector of a disk star equals the pattern speed of a triaxial halo. If the halo pattern speed is initially retrograde and slowly decays to zero, stars can be trapped as the Binney resonance sweeps past them, and levitated into polar orbits. If the halo pattern speed is initially retrograde and slowly changes to prograde, trapped stars can evolve from prograde to retrograde disk orbits. The stellar components of polar rings formed by this process should consist of two equal, counter-rotating star streams.