cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 5: a case due to balanced paternal translocation and review of the literature

A partial duplication of the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 5 (q31→qter) was observed in an infant with congenital malformations and dysmorphic features. The phenotypically normal father had a balanced translocation between the long arm of chromosome 5 and the short arm of chromosome 9: 46,XY,t(5;9)(q31;p24). The clinical and cytogenetic data obtained from six patients with partial duplications of two different long arm segments of chromosome 5 suggest that partial duplication of the distal long arm of chromosome 5 is associated with microcephaly, hypertelorism, epicanthus, strabismus, large upper lip, low-set, dysplastic ears, in addition to growth and psychomotor retardation. Partial duplication of the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 5, on the other hand, is associated mainly with musculoskeletal abnormalities including muscle hypotrophy and hypotonia, scoliosis, lordosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, and genu valgum, in addition to psychomotor retardation. The dysmorphic features in this latter group include a bulging forehead, short nose, thick upper lip, low-set protruding ears and tapering, thin fingers.
A nonischemic electrocardiogram does not always predict a small myocardial infarction: results with acute myocardial perfusion imaging.

Abstract Background A nonischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) in association with myocardial infarction (MI) indicates a small MI in some but not all cases. Myocardial perfusion imaging using technetium-99m sestamibi offers the ability to better characterize these "electrically silent" infarctions. Methods Patients considered low risk for myocardial infarction with a normal or nonischemic ECG (no significant ST elevation, ST depression, ischemic T-wave inversion, or left bundle branch block) underwent early emergency department perfusion imaging, followed by serial myocardial marker sampling. Risk area (defect size) was quantitated by use of a 50% threshold from multiple short-axis slices. Results A total of 87 patients with nonischemic ECGs had myocardial infarction (mean peak creatine kinase [CK] 710 ± 720 U/L, range 111-3196 U/L). Peak CKs were lower in the 7 patients with negative perfusion imaging (420 ± 290 U/L vs 730 ± 740 U/L, P =.06). Mean risk area was 18% ± 11% of the left ventricle (range 0%-62%) and was not significantly different among the different infarct-related arteries. Patients with normal ECGs had a similar risk area compared with other patients (16% ± 12% vs 19 ± 12%, P =.25). Coronary angiography was performed in 81 patients, with significant stenoses in 74 (91%) (37 one-vessel, 19 two-vessel, 18 three-vessel), with the infarct related artery most commonly the left circumflex (n = 32 [38%]). Conclusions The ischemic risk area in patients with a nonischemic ECG was comparable to patients with inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction found in previous studies. A nonischemic ECG does not predict a small ischemic risk area. (Am Heart J 2001;141:360-6.)
Effect of preparation method on the capture and release of biologically active molecules in chitosan gel beads

Model bioactive compounds with different molecular and functional characteristics were entrapped in gel beads prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation of chitosan and pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Three compounds of interest to the food and biomedical industries were tested: (1) lysine, (2) bovine serum albumin (BSA), and (3) β-galactosidase. Effects of the compound concentration in the initial chitosan solution, pH of the curing solution, and length of the curing phase on the capture efficiency were evaluated. Release rates for lysine and BSA into a phosphate buffer, distilled water, and a synthetic ocean solution were observed, and the activity of the entrapped β-galactosidase was determined. The capture efficiencies for lysine and BSA decreased as the concentration increased. The capture efficiency for lysine ranged from 90% at pH 5 to 20% at pH 8.6. There was no significant effect of the release media on the rate of release. BSA and lysine release reached 90% of the maximum after 100 and 50 min, respectively. The capture efficiency of β-galactosidase was not affected by the pH of TPP; however, enzyme activity in the beads decreased as the pH increased. Beads prepared in the pH 8.6 TPP solution had significantly higher rates of enzyme release over time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 405–413, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10393
Laser cooling of Rydberg atoms in bichromatic standing waves

We present a calculation of cooling of Rydberg atoms in bichromatic standing light waves. The atoms in our model are assumed to have a cascade three-level transition scheme, with the second excited level being the Rydberg state. The cooling fields, which also excite the atoms to the Rydberg state, consist of two standing waves whose frequencies are tuned near the two transition frequencies of the cascade atomic system. It is shown that the mechanisms of Sisyphus cooling and velocity-selective coherent population trapping can co-exist in such a configuration, and under certain conditions the majority of the laser-cooled atoms are in the Rydberg state.
Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) expression and its potential role in parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) secretion in the H-500 rat Leydig cell model of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) occurs when secretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) by cancer cells causes hypercalcemia in the absence of skeletal metastases. High extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) increases secretion of PTH-like bioactivity by rat H-500 leydig cells, a transplantable model of HHM, an action potentially mediated by the Ca2+o-sensing receptor (CaR). In this study we investigated whether H-500 cells express the CaR and, if so, whether CaR agonists modulate PTHrP secretion. Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed bona fide CaR transcript(s), and immunocytochemistry and Western analysis with a specific anti-CaR antiserum demonstrated CaR protein expression in H-500 cells. Furthermore, high Ca2+o and neomycin stimulated PTHrP secretion dose-dependently with maximal 2.7- and 3.3-fold increases at 5 mM Ca2+o and 300 μM neomycin, respectively. Thus in HHM caused by H-500 cells, the CaR could participate in a vicious cycle whereby PTHrP-induced increases in Ca2+o further stimulate PTHrP release and exacerbate hypercalcemia.
Stability criteria for certain delay integral equations of Volterra type

Abstract In this paper we study the asymptotic stability of the solution of the following delay integral equation of Volterra type: α ∫ o x (a 0 + a 1 (x − s))y(s)ds + (1 − alpha; ∫ o x (a 0 + a 1 (x − s))y(s − τ) ds , y ( x ) = ψ ( x ), − τ ⩽ x τ > 0 is constant and 0 ⩽ α ⩽ 1. Stability criteria are provided for certain α's and the parameters a 0 , a 1 and τ. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of the delay on the asymptotic stability of the solution of Volterra integral equations. As such the parameters α and 1 − α appear with the same kernel in both integrals of the equation. We also provide four algorithmic stability tests and include several examples and stability regions for certain values of the parameters α, a 0 , a 1 and τ.
Attributions of Authorship in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1737–40: A Supplement to the Union List

The following is a list of 74 new and 2 corrected attributions of authorship of poems, letters, articles, and staff notes appearing in the Gentleman's Magazine (hereafter GM) during the years 1737–...
Experimental Study of Noise on Photon Autocorrelation Functions

A theoretical model (Schatzel, K. Quantum Opt. 1990, 2, 287) for the covariance of real quasielastic light-scattering correlation functions has been experimentally verified. The variance calculated from this model was found to be comparable to the variance obtained from a set of experimental data runs while requiring only one or a few runs. The covariance was also verified by direct comparison to the averaged covariance calculated directly from the set of data. The effects of pinhole size upon the covariance were also studied. The nondiagonal covariance was approximately independent of pinhole diameter, while the variance was inversely proportional to the pinhole diameter. Thus, relative noise reduction was verified, and criteria for a suitable compromise between the pinhole diameter and signal-to-background noise ratio was established. This criteria suggests that the optimal pinhole diameter is such that six−ten coherence areas of light are collected. Multiple scattering solutions, with transmissions ≥40...
Manifestations of gut opiate withdrawal contracture and its blockade by capsaicin.

Abstract The naloxone-induced contracture of morphine-tolerant-dependent guinea-pig ileum has at least two components. A major one is due to the release of acetylcholine and can be blocked with atropine or hyoscine. The second component can be blocked by substance P desensitization or capsaicin incubation. Its possible relation to substance P release is discussed.
Molecular characterization of a novel, de novo, cryptic interstitial deletion on 19p13.3 in a child with a cutis aplasia and multiple congenital anomalies.

We report on a de novo constitutional deletion within G-band region 19p13.3 in a girl with cutis aplasia of the scalp, facial anomalies, structural heart abnormalities, hypotonia, mild mental retardation and conductive hearing loss which we characterized with chromosomal microarray, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and SNP analyses. Initial microarray analysis revealed a 6-BAC-clone deletion covering an approximately 1.612 Mb region within 19p13.3. Subsequent BAC FISH studies delineated the proximal deletion breakpoint to within BAC clone RP11-125C3 and the distal deletion breakpoint to within BAC clone RP11-648B14. SNP analysis showed the deletion to be of paternal origin and further refined its distal breakpoint to within a 20 kb region between rs11666694 and novel SNP2 that we identified at g.2,924,845, and its proximal deletion breakpoint to within a 22 kb region between rs35280644 and rs262562. Accordingly, the size of the deletion was revised to 1.89–1.932 Mb in length. We identified many Alu, L1, and L2 repeats, as well as SINE and LINE sequences at both deletion breakpoints. We found the deletion to encompass 71 genes, two of which appear to be good candidates for the patient's observed craniofacial and cardiac anomalies: guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 11 (Gq class)(GNA11), and Transducin-like Enhancer of Split 2 (E(sp1) homolog, Drosophila)(TLE2). © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Channel capacity optimization for an integrated wi-fi and free-space optic communication system (WiFiFO)

Recent advances in free-space optical technology promise a complementary approach to increasing wireless capacity with minimal changes to the existing wireless technologies. This paper puts forth the hypothesis that it is possible to simultaneously achieve high capacity and high mobility by developing a communication system called WiFiFO (WiFi Free space Optic) that seamlessly integrates the recent free- space optics technologies and the current WiFi technologies. We briefly describe the WiFIFO architecture then discuss the main contribution of this paper that is optimizing the capacity of the proposed WiFiFO system. Specifically, we consider the problem of power allocation for multiple FSO and WiFi transmitters in order to achieve maximum system capacity for given budget power. A mathematical model of the combined capacity of FSO and WiFi channel is derived. We show that the power allocation problem for WiFiFO can be approximated well as a convex optimization problem. To that end, an algorithm based on gradient decent method is developed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm, together with system architecture can provide an order-of-magnitude increase in capacity over the existing WiFi systems.
Corrosion of magnesium alloys containing iron and nickel

The corrosion rates of magnesium alloys containing 200 p.p.m. of Fe and 2% Ni were measured in sea water when samples of the alloys were coupled to steel cathodes of various sizes, inserted in plastic or steel blocks, and compared with those of Mg alloys corroding alone. The results obtained indicate that the decreased corrosion rate observed on coupling to steel cathodes is due to the formation of an oxide film over the alloy in accordance with the mechanism proposed by Tomashov.3,4 The critical current density required for film formation appears, from the measuremnts of current density in alloy-steel couples, to be 50 mA/cm.2.
THE DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGEABLE MAGNESIUM IN ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS.

Abstract Mg 28 was administered to 13 alcoholic patients admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital with symptoms of tremulousness following alcohol withdrawal. These patients were also given an intravenous magnesium tolerance test. Data were compared with values obtained from a group of 6 healthy chronic alcoholic subjects studied during sobriety. Exchangeable magnesium levels and urine loss of injected magnesium following intravenous magnesium loading were significantly lower in the tremulous group. Alcoholic individuals with withdrawal symptoms have a magnesium deficit which may be caused by poor dietary intake plus a variety of intercurrent illness. However, the data do not support a direct causal relationship between low serum magnesium levels and the onset of alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
A wide-band, circularly polarized, magnetodielectric resonator antenna

Previously insurmountable challenges posed by stringent requirements of simultaneous compact size, high bandwidth, high to moderate efficiency, and circular polarization operation at UHF have been surpassed by a unique design employing layered magnetodielectric materials. To achieve percentage bandwidth values in excess of 50% for an antenna with a maximum dimension of 0.15/spl lambda/ three approaches for bandwidth enhancement are combined in a proper fashion. A volumetric source, as opposed to printed planar or wire sources, inherently provides higher bandwidth and is used as the fundamental radiating element of the antenna. The radiating structure is made up of layered magnetodielectric material with proper design of permittivity and permeability values forming a magnetodielectric resonator antenna (MDRA). Noting that miniaturization and wave impedance in the MDRA are, respectively, proportional to the square-root of the product and ratio of the permeability and permittivity, moderate values of permittivity and permeability are used to enhance the bandwidth while achieving considerable miniaturization. The third method for bandwidth enhancement is based on the integration of a resonant feed and many parasitic elements into the MDRA structure. Square symmetry of the MDRA is used to obtain circular polarization operation. A prototype small UHF antenna operating over 240-420 MHz with a linear dimension smaller than 0.15/spl lambda/ at the lowest frequency is fabricated and tested; the results are summarized in this paper.
Behavioral performance effects of verapamil in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive baboons.

Behavioral performances of normotensive and hypertensive adult male baboons were tested before, during, and following chronic oral dosing with nifedipine. Performances during a five-color simultaneous match-to-sample task were measured during three dosing schedules (0.20, 0.68, and 1.14 mg/kg/day) and vehicle. Each dose was administered for 21 consecutive days preceded and followed by 14-day baseline and recovery periods, respectively. Choice reaction times increased by 191 ms over baseline at the 0.68 mg/kg dose. Choice reaction times above the 95th percentile (i.e., the slowest reaction times) were the most slowed by nifedipine. Accuracy of color matching was decreased at 0.20 and 0.68 mg/kg by an average range of 2–4%. The yellow and white stimuli were the most difficult to discriminate correctly, and were also the most impaired by nifedipine. Nifedipine's behavioral effects were not modulated by blood pressure changes because daily changes in choice reaction time and systolic blood pressure were not correlated, and hypertensive status did not determine the behavioral effects. Potential sources of nifedipine's behavioral performance effects are discussed, with blood pressure changes excluded as a probable mechanism.
Kinetic study of aspen during torrefaction

Using torrefied biomass, or biocoal, as a solid combustion fuel provides opportunity to introduce a sustainable feedstock into the energy market. The decomposition of biomass to biocoal is a very complex chemical process, yet detailed understanding of the mechanistic changes that occur can allow for system control and optimization. Torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass has been studied extensively, and kinetic models have been developed to attempt to describe the observed behavior during Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) experiments, using very slow heating rates. The goal of this paper was to develop a baseline semi-empirical model for torrefaction of aspen wood using very fast heating rates (1000 °C/s) and GC–MS analysis. This fast heating rate was adopted in order to uncouple heat transfer and chemical kinetics. Having direct information about the specific chemical evolution during torrefaction affords mechanistic insights into torrefaction, along with opportunities for improved process design and control. The proposed kinetics model involves three sequential reactions in which initially the parent hemicellulose material produces gaseous products (CO and CO2), water, and organic acids (formic and acetic) and a solid intermediate. The next reaction further degrades the solid intermediate into the stated products. The final reaction further generates the products along with the final bio-coal product. We found the sequential reactions to have characteristic times of 0.99 min, 2.14 min and 39.45 min respectively at 300 °C. Improvements to the models and routes for future investigation are also discussed.
Attentional and Clinical Neuroleptic Response in Schizophrenia: A Study with the Continuous Performance Test

Past research has confirmed the importance of vigilance deficits in schizophrenia. The present investigation examined the temporal relationship between treatment response of acute schizophrenic inpatients' (n = 13) psychopathology and their vigilance performance, using the Continuous Performance Test, at four time points over the course of an acute hospitalisation: at medication-free baseline and then weekly for 21 days after the initiation of neuroleptic treatment. A comparison group of stable schizophrenic outpatients (n = 12) receiving neuroleptics at all assessments were also tested during the same time period. For the acute group we found a significant improvement in both vigilance and symptoms over the course of neuroleptic treatment and the extent of improvement in vigilance performance was correlated with improvements in symptomatology. The control patients exhibited no CPT improvement or symptomatic changes. Because vigilance deficits correlate with poor outcome in schizophrenia, these data suggest that the medication-related changes in cognitive performance early in the course of neuroleptic treatment may provide clues to the expected course of illness in acute patients.
The Effect of Ethanol on Lipoprotein Metabolism

A major effect of ethanol on lipoprotein metabolism is the development of hypertriglyceridemia. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are secreted by the liver and intestine and undergo a two-stage sequential catabolism--first in peripheral tissues, and second in the liver--mediated in part by the associated apolipoproteins. The arguments for increased very low density lipoprotein production as an explanation for the hypertriglyceridemia are reviewed and found to be unconvincing. Experiments investigating the catabolism of chylomicrons are conflicting but appear on balance to suggest a catabolic defect. A potential relationship between plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and hepatic steatosis is considered. The lack of knowledge of the status of apolipoproteins in the setting of ethanol precludes definite conclusions, but defects in the incorporation or dissociation of the apolipoproteins on the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins could explain some of the ethanol-induced metabolic derangements.
Diffusion and production of carbon dioxide in bulk corn at various temperatures and moisture contents

Abstract The effective diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide (CO2) through bulk corn was determined at various temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C) and grain moisture contents (14.0, 18.8 and 22.2% w.b.). The diffusion coefficient measurements were conducted using a diffusion cell surrounded by a water jacket, which was used to control the bulk corn temperature in the diffusion cell. A source term (CO2 respiration rate) was introduced in the diffusion equation to account for CO2 production by corn during the diffusion process. Corn respiration rate increased when temperature and grain moisture content increased. As respiration rate increased, it had a larger effect on the diffusion pattern when measuring the effective CO2 diffusion coefficient. The effective CO2 diffusion coefficients through bulk corn ranged between 3.10 × 10−6 and 3.93 × 10−6 m2/s, depending on temperature and moisture conditions. As temperature increased from 10 to 30 °C, the effective CO2 diffusion coefficient through bulk corn increased from 3.21 × 10−6 to 3.76 × 10−6 m2/s. As corn moisture content increased from 14.0 to 18.8% (w.b.), the effective CO2 diffusion coefficient through bulk corn decreased from 3.59 × 10−6 to 3.39 × 10−6 m2/s, respectively. There was no difference observed in the effective CO2 diffusion coefficient when corn moisture content increased from 18.8 to 22.2%.
Ten year results of conservative surgery and irradiation for stage I and II breast cancer

Between 1977 and 1985, 697 women with clinical Stage I or II invasive breast cancer underwent excisional biopsy, axillary dissection, and definitive irradiation. Reexcision of the primary was performed in 330 and residual tumor was identified in 57% of these patients. Margins of resection were assessed in 50% and 257 had final margins of resection that were negative. Four hundred eighty patients had negative axillary dissections and 217 had histologically positive axillary nodes. Median follow-up was 58 months. The 10-year actuarial survival for the entire group was 83% with an NED survival of 73%. The 10-year actuarial survival was 87% for clinical Stage I and 77% for clinical Stage II patients with an NED survival of 79% and 67%, respectively. Patients with histologically negative axillary nodes had a 10-year overall survival of 86% (NED 78%) compared to 74% (NED 66%) for patients with positive nodes. Sixty-one patients developed a recurrence in the treated breast and in seven of these it was associated with simultaneous distant metastases. The cumulative probability of an isolated breast recurrence was 6% at 5 years and 16% at 10 years. The overall breast recurrence rate (+/- distant metastasis) was 8% at 5 years and 18% at 10 years. Breast recurrence was unrelated to T size, clinical stage, or histologic nodal status. The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy significantly decreased the risk of an isolated breast recurrence both at 5 and 10 years; however, there was no significant impact on the overall risk of a breast recurrence. Complications of treatment included moderate arm edema (5%), symptomatic pneumonitis (less than 1%), rib fraction (1%), pericarditis (0%), and brachial plexopathy (less than 1%). Cosmesis was judged to be good to excellent in 93% of patients in 10 years. These results have been achieved in a series of patients who for the most part have been treated by contemporary standards, that is, pathologic assessment of the axilla in all patients, reexcision in 47%, and adjuvant chemotherapy in 77% of node positive patients. Assessment of resection margins, however, was not performed in all patients (50%) and further follow-up in the group of patients with margin assessment will provide long term information on breast recurrence rate in this group of patients.
Indentation of an Orthotropic Half-Space by a Rigid Ellipsoidal Indenter

Anisotropic materials represent a unique class of materials, including crystals, wood, thin-films, and composites. Existing work in the literature has provided the engineering community with an in-depth understanding of isotropic contact mechanics, and the methodologies for solving isotropic contact problems have been fully developed. Anisotropic material systems, however, are more complex and their analysis is less fully-developed in the literature. Presented here is the analysis of indentation by a rigid ellipsoidal indenter against an orthotropic half-space, with the surface of the half-space parallel to two of the axes of material symmetry, derived, from stress equilibrium. A numerical method has been used to solve for the contact parameters (contact dimensions and normal approach) for both orthotropic and transversely isotropic material systems.
The pharmacological effects of a ligroin extract of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

A ligroin extract of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) caused a significant increase in the duration of light and deep sleep in the young chicken. The presence of trimyristin tended to increase the effect of the extract. The extract did not contain detectable amounts of myristicin, elemicin, safrole, or eugenol, which either individually or collectively have been suggested to be the active agent of nutmeg.
Shouldn't we care about the biology of benign tumours?

This Comment article argues that we should more comprehensively study the biology of benign tumours, as this might provide crucial insights into our understanding of cancer biology and metastasis.
A mild oxidation of aldehydes to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes

Abstract Phenylselenenyl chloride reacts with enamines at −110° C to give α-phenylselenoaldehydes, and oxidative elimination yields α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
A Hyperelastic Model With Distributed Fibers to Describe Human Supraspinatus Tendon Tensile Mechanics

Tendon tissue is composed of collagen fibers in a hydrated proteoglycan matrix. Although many tendons have fibers that are highly aligned (e.g. flexor tendon), the supraspinatus tendon (SST) of the shoulder has significant distribution of fiber alignment [1]. The alignment and distribution of the fibers likely contributes to the nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical behavior, however this has not been demonstrated. Understanding the role of fiber structure on tendon mechanical behavior, that is, characterizing the structure-function relationships, is critical to evaluate the function of injured, degenerated, or healing tendons and would be invaluable in the design and assessment of tissue engineered tendon replacements. While a structurally based hyperelastic model has been developed for tendon [2], this model contained only a single fiber orientation, which is not adequate for the more distributed fiber structure in the SST. We have recently applied a hyperelastic model formulation that has distributed collagen fiber orientation developed by Gasser and colleagues for the arterial wall [3] to model a tendon analog made from nanofibrous scaffolds [4]. The objective of this study was to build on previous work to apply a hyperelastic fiber-reinforced constitutive model that includes a specific term for fiber distribution to the tensile mechanics of human SST and to evaluate the site-specific model material properties.© 2009 ASME
Aggression arousal, hostile humor, catharsis.

This chapter examines the possible cathartic and tension-reducing function of hostile derisive humor centering around themes of revenge and destruction. It describes the effects of aggression arousal on the appreciation of hostile humor under two conditions: humor presented immediately following arousal, and humor presented after interposed administration of a mood checklist. When hostile humor, neutral humor, and a control recording were compared in their effect on aroused subjects, both the hostile and the neutral humor reduced aggressive motivation as measured by a mood checklist. The chapter seeks to devise an experimental analogue of the interpersonal situation in which hostile humor should best mediate a symbolic catharsis: C, having angered A and B, becomes the target of hostile humor authored by A for B’s benefit. In the hostile humor the humorist toyed with fantasies of Negro retaliation against whites and Negro supremacy.
Probabilities of Winning a Certain Carnival Game

Abstract A carnival game is described in which a player rolls eight dice or eight marbles into holes. To win, the player must obtain a favorable outcome on a number of plays. The probability distribution for the outcome of a single play is discussed. The distribution of a winning combination of outcomes is discussed and approximated. These probabilities show that the game is essentially unbeatable.
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia after lower extremity arterial surgical procedures

Abstract Objective. Heparin-induced anti-platelet antibodies are believed to be triggered by heparin administration. Little is known regarding the prevalence of these antibodies in specific surgical populations. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of heparin-induced anti-platelet antibodies and whether this correlates with the development of thrombocytopenia (
Interferons of foot-and-mouth disease virus: a new assay for interferon.

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induction of an interferon effective against foot-and-mouth disease virus was a property of bovine as well as swine peripheral blood leukocytes in suspension cultures. Increased PHA and cell concentrations elicited the production of interferon titers somewhat higher than those produced by the virus. Plaque-size measurements, compared with the inhibition of plaque formation on homologous and heterologous cell cultures, suggested a possible new assay system for interferon.
Large electrostrictive effect in Ba:PZT and its application

Abstract This paper reports an observation of the electrostrictive effect of a barium doped PZT paraelectric ceramic using a sensitive capacitance dilatometer at room temperature. This sintered material was found to exhibit a large electrostrictive coeffiecient Q12 of − 0.27 m4/C2 which is five times as large as that of single crystal BaTiO3. Comparison with a very strong piezoelectric PLZT at the same field strength indicates that Ba: PZT is a potentially useful material for transducer application.
Role of (httNT) α-Helix Formation in Huntingtin N-Terminal Fragment Aggregation

The N-terminal 17 amino acid sequence in huntingtin (httNT) plays a crucial role in the aggregation of htt N-terminal fragment peptides (htt NTFs). In the current mechanistic model, httNT segments pack into α-helical bundles to form oligomers that create high local concentrations of appended polyglutamine (polyQ) segments, favoring nucleation of polyQ amyloid. Consistent with this model, we found previously that isolated httNT peptide added in trans inhibits the aggregation of htt NTF peptides, presumably by co-assembling with htt NTFs into mixed oligomers with decreased local polyQ concentrations. In a further test of this model, we found that the aggregation inhibitory activities of a set of ten scrambled httNT sequences correlate with their α-helical potential. We have now selected three of these scrambled sequences - (a) one that inhibits htt NTF aggregation (schttNTASSQ), (b) one that does not inhibit (schttNTFAKF), and (c) one that readily forms amyloid fibrils itself (unlike httNT or the other sequences) but does not inhibit (schttNTSAFM) - and used them in place of httNT to make synthetic analogs of htt NTF by adding a Q37P10K2 sequence. Consistent with expectations, we found that the peptide with the inhibitory, high α-helical potential, leader sequence (schttNTASSQ) exhibits an aggregation profile similar to that of the httNT-containing control peptide. In contrast, despite their identical amino acid compositions, htt NTF analogs containing the other two scrambled sequences (low aggregation inhibition, low α-helix) exhibit aggregation behavior more typical of simple polyQ sequences, hence deriving no kinetic benefit from their N-terminal sequences. Our results support a strong role for α-helix formation within httNT in greatly enhancing the kinetics of formation of the polyQ core of htt NTF amyloid.
Quantum K-theory. II. Homotopy invariance of the Chern character☆

Abstract We prove that the Chern character of quantum algebras is invariant under a class of deformations of the Dirac operator. We also extend the definition of the Chern character to include certain unbounded operators.
STUDY OF THE LEVELS IN $sup 140$La BY (d,p) STRIPPING REACTION.

The energy levels in $^{140}\mathrm{La}$ were studied by means of ($d,p$) reaction spectroscopy using 10-MeV deuterons. The protons that emerged were analyzed by a single-gap, broad-range magnetic spectrograph with 13-keV resolution. We obtained the reaction $Q$ value of 2938\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 keV. Exposures were taken at eight angles ranging from 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 105\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. All spectra were fitted, using a least-squares code, up to an excitation energy of 1860 keV. Seventy states were observed and the angular distributions of the most prominent groups were analyzed by means of distorted-wave Born-approximation stripping theory. Spins of the $^{140}\mathrm{La}$ levels determined from previous decay-scheme studies and the present research, and the proton intensities observed in the $^{139}\mathrm{La}(d,p)$ $^{140}\mathrm{La}$ reaction, can be satisfactorily explained in terms of the mixed configurations, ${(1{g}_{\frac{7}{2}})}_{p}{(2{f}_{\frac{7}{2}})}_{n}$ and ${(2{d}_{\frac{5}{2}})}_{p}{(2{f}_{\frac{7}{2}})}_{n}$. Above 600 keV, however, interpretation of states in terms of higher energy configurations appears also to require phonon-particle coupling.
Fabrication of a Silicon Backshort Assembly for Waveguide-Coupled Superconducting Detectors

The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a ground-based instrument that will measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background to search for evidence for gravitational waves from a posited epoch of inflation early in the Universe's history. This measurement will require integration of superconducting transition-edge sensors with microwave waveguide inputs with excellent control of systematic errors, such as unwanted coupling to stray signals at frequencies outside of a precisely defined microwave band. To address these needs, we present work on the fabrication of micromachined silicon, producing conductive quarter-wave backshort assemblies for the CLASS 40 GHz focal plane. Each 40 GHz backshort assembly consists of three degeneratively doped silicon wafers. Two spacer wafers are micromachined with through-wafer vias to provide a 2.04-mm-long square waveguide delay section. The third wafer terminates the waveguide delay in a short. The three wafers are bonded at the wafer level by Au-Au thermal compression bonding then aligned and flip chip bonded to the CLASS detector at the chip level. The micromachining techniques used have been optimized to create high aspect ratio waveguides, silicon pillars, and relief trenches with the goal of providing improved out of band signal rejection. We will discuss the fabrication of integrated CLASS superconducting detector chips with the quarter-wave backshort assemblies.
Membrane Asymmetry: Key to Phosphoinositide (4,5)-Bisphosphate Regulation of TRPV1

The signaling lipid phosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is known to regulate the activity of many ion channels. For TRPV1 there is general agreement that PI(4,5)P2 is important for regulating activity, but whether as an activator or inhibitor remains a topic of debate. Here, we show that PI(4,5)P2 can activate or inhibit TRPV1 activity, depending on whether it is asymmetrically localized to the intracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane or whether it is present in both leaflets. When PI(4,5)P2 was localized to its physiological site, the intracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane, we confirmed that it activated TRPV1. In contrast, we observed an inhibition of TRPV1 activity when we introduced dic8-PI(4,5)P2 or BODIPY-labeled PI(4,5)P2 to the extracellular leaflet of outside-out excised patches so that, in combination with endogenous PI(4,5)P2 in the intracellular leaflet, localization of PI(4,5)P2 was no longer asymmetric. Interestingly, calibrations of the mole fraction of PI(4,5)P2 with isothermal titration calorimetry showed that much higher concentrations of PI(4,5)P2 in the extracellular leaflet were required for inhibition (≥3 mole%) compared to the concentrations of PI(4,5)P2 in the intracellular leaflet that produced activation (<0.1 mole%). In patch-clamp fluorometry experiments, application of BODIPY-labeled PI(4,5)P2 onto outside-out excised patches revealed that PI(4,5)P2 incorporation into the membrane is needed for its inhibitory effect. The opposite effects of PI(4,5)P2 on TRPV1 activity may reconcile the activation of TRPV1 by PI(4,5)P2 in physiological conditions with inhibition of TRPV1 by PI(4,5)P2 reported in a reconstituted system(Cao et al., 2013). Our results also underscore the importance of membrane asymmetry, especially in functional studies of membrane proteins.
Evolution of helical perturbations in a thin-shell model of an imploding liner

A thin-shell model of the liner stability has been revisited and applied to the stability of the helical perturbations. Several stages of the implosion have been identified, starting from a long initial “latent” phase of an almost resting liner, continuing to the second stage of a rapid contraction and significant perturbation growth, and then transitioning to the third stage where perturbations become ballistic and highly non-linear. The stage of stagnation and rebound is beyond the scope of this paper. An importance of vorticity conservation during the late stages is emphasized. Nonlinear evolution of perturbations is followed up to the point of the formation of cusp structures. Effects of in-surface flows and of their enhancement due to the vorticity conservation are discussed. It is shown that the pre-machined perturbations created only on the outer surface of the liner grow much slower than one could anticipate. The limitations on the thin-shell description are discussed.
Roles of impurities on precipitation kinetics of dilute Al-Sc alloys

High-purity (HP) aluminum and commercial purity (CP) aluminum (major impurities: ∼250 at. ppm Si and ∼130 at. ppm Fe) are alloyed with ∼250 to ∼1100 at. ppm Sc and ∼50 at. ppm RE (RE = La, Ce, Pr, or Nd). The alloys are homogenized at 640 ◦C and aged at 300 ◦C. The precipitation kinetics, basic mechanical properties, and microstructure are studied using AC electrical conductivity, microhardness measurements, scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomprobe tomography, respectively. The Fe and RE elements form micrometer-scale diameter Al∼3(Fe,RE) primary precipitates, which have no effect on the mechanical properties. Silicon accelerates the precipitation kinetics of nanometer-scale diameter Al3Sc precipitates, increasing their number density, thereby resulting in higher microhardness values for CP aluminum than the HP aluminum having the same Sc concentration. Additionally, the Sc equilibrium solubility in the -Al matrix is estimated and Orowan’s strengthening mechanism is confirmed for the Al3Sc precipitates. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Experiments and modeling of growth of myelinic figures in Aerosol OT/water system

Abstract A quantitative penetration scan in a vertically oriented cell was used to determine behavior when water was brought into contact with neat Aerosol OT (AOT) at 30 °C. Myelinic figures developed having roots at the initial surface of contact between the phases and length proportional to the square root of time, in agreement with previous observations for AOT and other surfactants by various workers. However, the present experiments also included measurement of positions of the interfaces between lamellar and cubic and cubic and reverse hexagonal phases, which were also proportional to the square root of time. A similar experiment in which a thin layer of AOT was contacted with a large quantity of water was also conducted. A model is presented which includes both growth of myelinic figures and diffusion in the various liquid crystalline phases. With this model and data from the two experiments effective diffusion coefficients for all three liquid crystalline phases and the composition of the myelinic figures were calculated. The former were found to be of order 10−10 m2/s, the latter approximately 50 wt.% AOT.
The NIH R03 Award: An Initial Funding Step for Social Work Researchers.

Social workers in academic and agency settings have the opportunity to do funded research using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) R03 small grant mechanism designed for discrete, clearly defi...
In vitro cleavable-complex assay to monitor antimicrobial potency of quinolones.

Seven quinolones were evaluated to determine whether their ability to generate the DNA gyrase-mediated cleavable complex correlated with their ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of purified DNA gyrase and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The rank order of potency of these drugs in the cleavable-complex assay was essentially the same as in the DNA supercoiling-inhibition assay. It required 2- to 10-fold-lower drug concentrations to generate the cleavable complex than to inhibit E. coli DNA gyrase. With the newer fluoroquinolones, a 25- to 100-fold-greater concentration was required for DNA gyrase inhibition than for cell growth inhibition, suggesting a more subtle interaction between these inhibitors and DNA gyrase than mere enzyme inhibition. Images
A review of carcinoma of the stomach at a tertiary care referral hospital.

Background Carcinoma of the stomach continues of cause a significant mortality in the United States. We reviewed the characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival of a group of patients with this cancer at a tertiary care referral hospital. Materials and methods A retrospective computer based review of all patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach in the Ohio State University (OSU) tumor registry was made. One hundred ninety-two analytical cases were found and the data was entered into a computerized database and analyzed. Results The overall median survival in this series of patients is 10 months with a median survival of 16 months (n.s.) in patients who underwent curative surgery (50% of the patients). There was an increased number of cardia lesion (37%) predominately in male patients ( P Conclusion Carcinoma of the stomach, despite newer image modalities, continues to present at advanced stages at time of diagnosis with an overall dismal prognosis. The increased incidence of cardia lesions noted require innovative therapies if any progress is to be made.
Positive and negative regulation of JNK1 by protein kinase C and p42MAP kinase in adult rat hepatocytes

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) and p42(MAP kinase) signaling in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis was investigated in freshly isolated and primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Acute treatment of freshly isolated hepatocytes with phenylephrine and EGF caused rapid phasic activations of p42(MAP kinase) and JNK1. Acute pre-treatment of hepatocytes with the PKC inhibitors sphingosine, chelerythrine and bis-indolylmaleimide abolished the ability of phenylephrine, but not EGF, to activate p42(MAP kinase) and JNK1. Acute pretreatments with all of the PKC inhibitors alone increased JNK1 basal activity approximately 2-fold. Acute treatments of primary cultures of hepatocytes with an inhibitor of MEK1 activation (PD98059) also caused inhibition of p42(MAP kinase) and a approximately 2-fold activation of JNK1. These data demonstrate that PKC can function as both a proximal activator and a distal inhibitor of signaling through the JNK1/SAP kinase pathway. Treatments (4 h) of primary cultured hepatocytes with sphingosine, chelerythrine, bis-indolylmaleimide and PD98059 did not induce apoptosis as judged by propidium iodide staining. Similar acute treatments of HepG2 cells rapidly induced cell death. These data demonstrate that acute inhibition of either PKC or p42(MAP kinase) function is sufficient to rapidly induce apoptosis in transformed, but not in non-transformed hepatocytes.
Erythroleukemia: a review of 15 cases meeting 1985 FAB criteria and survey of the literature.

Abstract Erythroleukemia (EL) is a rare form of myelogenous leukemia the classification and definition of which has evolved over the course of its 80-year descriptive history. In 1976 the French American British (FAB) Cooperative Group included EL within the classification system of acute myelogenous leukemias as AML-M6, and agreed on a quantitative standard to be used in the diagnosis of this disorder. The standards were revised in 1985 to the form in use today. We selected a series of 15 cases from our records which specifically fit the FAB criteria for AML-M6. Extensive direct comparison between our series and the old literature is not practical because of the changes which have occurred in classification and definition of the disease. Overall we found a rough correlation between the clinical and laboratory data shown in the old literature on EL and data from our cases. These cases underscore characteristic laboratory features which correspond to what is now defined as AML-M6: these patients present with pancytopenia, frequent peripheral blood nRBCs and no, or few, peripheral blood blasts. In addition, we note the presence of a hybrid myeloid-erythroid blast in the bone marrow in this disease and suggest that this may be characteristic of this type of AML. Old literature on EL has generally shown it to be a disease of the elderly, yet we found a subset of younger patients whose clinical outcome was significantly better than that of the older patients. Finally, EL has historically been viewed as a disease in which patients progress from a prodrome through erythroleukemia to other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes. Consistent with this idea, half of our 15 patients had been previously diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome or received chemotherapy. On the other hand only one of the 15 patients converted to another type of AML during his course.
Numerical method for two-dimensional steady-state chemical laser calculations

Abstract A numerical method is presented for calculating the steady-state output power and other operating characteristics of a continuous flow chemical laser. The method is based upon a generalization of Emanuel's radiation-transport-theory description of a chemical laser to the case of a fully two-dimensional flow field. The steady state solution is achieved by means of a time-like iterative procedure which represents the transient the system would undergo if the radiative time scale were so slow as to be comparable to the fluid dynamical and chemical rate timescales. The method may be used in conjunction with any two-dimensional time-marching multicomponent reactive fluid dynamics computer code. The results of a typical calculation using the RICE code presented. A prescription is given for obtaining an approximate steady-state lasing solution directly from the results of a steady-state calculation without lasing.