cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Rhodium Carbenoid Intermediates for Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry

Abstract Application of the cycloaddition reaction of carbonyl ylide dipoles for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds spans a broad spectrum of organic chemistry. The regio- and stereoselectivity of the 3 + 2-cycloaddition reaction of this particular class of dipoles is outlined and represents an attractive strategic approach toward the synthetic design of various natural products. This overview of employing rhodium(II) carbenoids for carbonyl ylide generation will put into perspective what has been accomplished for the synthesis of complex heterocyclic rings. The chapter will also center on the chemical behavior of the rhodium metal carbenoid complex that is often affected by the nature of the ligand groups attached to the metal center.
Market Valuation Consequences of Avoiding Taxes While also Being Socially Responsible

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine the effects of tax avoidance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities on equity market valuation. Economic theory suggests that managers should avoid ...
Homomeric and Heteromeric Gap Junctions

Ever since direct cell-to-cell communication between cardiocytes was first detected, it has been intuitively accepted that high levels of communication between cells are required to maintain appropriate propagation of action potentials throughout the heart. This direct connection between cardiac cells is established through intercellular channels contained in specialized plasma membrane structures known as gap junctions. Gap junction channels are formed by the joining of two hexameric hemi channels (connexons). These channels are formed by one or more members of a family of homologous subunit proteins called connexins. The cardiac connexins include connexin43 (Cx43), connexin40 (Cx40), and connexin45 (Cx45). Another connexin (Cx37) is found in blood vessels. Additional connexins may also be present in cardiovascular cells, but few convincing data have been published.
Taxon-specific associations of tallgrass prairie flower visitors with site-scale forb communities and landscape composition and configuration

Abstract Pollinators are integral to global plant biodiversity and agroecosystems, yet our understanding of the multi-scale drivers of pollinator community structure remains underdeveloped. In this study, we used a dataset comprising almost 7000 highly taxonomically resolved records of tallgrass prairie forbs and flower visiting insects to evaluate potential roles of site-scale forb communities as well as the composition and configuration of the surrounding landscapes, in structuring flower visitor communities. We examined the whole flower visitor community and three focal subgroups—bees (the principal pollinators worldwide), butterflies (often less efficient pollinators, but potentially useful as indicator taxa) and syrphid/bombyliid flies (which, as non-bee taxa, are often overlooked). At the site-scale, the composition of the entire flower visitor community was significantly associated with forb composition, but only bees were significantly, positively associated with forb α-diversity. Bee, butterfly, and fly diversity exhibited taxon-specific relationships with landscape composition and configuration. Butterfly richness was positively correlated with the combined extent of warm-season grasslands and woodlands, whereas bees were associated with the extent of warm-season grasslands, only. Bee and fly diversity was higher in landscapes with greater grassland edge density, indicating that habitat heterogeneity may be beneficial for these taxa. Our work adds to the growing body of research indicating that pollinators' responses to floral resources and land use in highly modified landscapes are often complex, taxon-specific and scale dependent, and our results highlight the importance of distinguishing among different types of natural and semi-natural lands when formulating pollinator conservation and restoration plans.
Tidal deformability with sharp phase transitions in binary neutron stars

The neutron star tidal deformability is a critical parameter which determines the premerger gravitational-wave signal in a neutron star merger. In this article, we show how neutron star tidal deformabilities behave in the presence of one or two sharp phase transition(s). We characterize how the tidal deformability changes when the properties of these phase transitions are modified in dense matter equations of state. Sharp phase transitions lead to the smallest possible tidal deformabilities and also induce discontinuities in the relation between tidal deformability and gravitational mass. These results are qualitatively unmodified by a modest softening of the phase transition. Finally, we test two universal relations involving the tidal deformability and show that their accuracy is limited by sharp phase transitions.
Neuromuscular Shoulder Reconstruction in Children

Shoulder reconstruction in children with neuromuscular conditions is most common in brachial plexus birth palsy; however, there are also a group of less common conditions that surgical care of the shoulder can improve pain and function. This chapter shall address the shoulder in brachial plexus birth palsy, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, cerebral palsy and amyloplasia. In addition to these paediatric specific conditions, children are also affected by posttraumatic brachial plexus injuries and mononeuropathies. In young children treatment of these conditions follow many of the principles of management of the birth-associated injuries and in older children the adult management and shall therefore be addressed elsewhere in this book.
Synthesis and structure of (H 2 O·HBF 4 ) 2 (18-crown-6)

The title compound has been prepared by the addition of fluoroboric acid to 18-crown-6 in toluene. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P¯1 witha=7.341(2),b=8.364(2),c=10.631(3)A,α=71.48(2),β=67.91(2), γ=67.94(2)°, andD c =1.44 g cm−3 forZ=1. The final conventionalR value was 0.079 based on 1575 observed reflections. The molecule resides on a center of inversion. The (H2O·HBF4) moieties are best viewed as fluoroboric acid monohydrate molecules hydrogen bonded to the crown ether, one above and one below the plane of the crown. The F⋯O(water) hydrogen bond separation is 2.474(5)A, and the O(crown)⋯O(water) separations are 2.834(5) and 2.841(6) A. The oxygen atoms of the crown ether are planar to 0.23 A.
A clinical mimicker of melanoma with distinctive histopathology: Topical silver nitrate exposure

Exposure to silver-containing compounds can result in reversible discoloration of the skin, presenting as an irregular brown or black macule, which can have a clinical appearance similar to melanoma. Both the clinical scenario and the histopathology are unique. Silver nitrate darkens with exposure to light, and the area can appear to change over time. On microscopic examination, there are coarse pigmented granules dispersed throughout the corneal layer, and largely absent from the remainder of the epidermis-although the precise location may depend on the duration of topical exposure. While argyria, its irreversible counterpart, has been well-characterized, only a single source has previously reported the histopathology of transient topical silver nitrate exposure. We present two cases, review the clinical and histopathologic differentials, and detail the distinctive histopathology that enables a diagnosis to be suggested in this clinical mimicker of melanoma.
HIV-specific T-cell responses reflect substantive in vivo interactions with infected cells despite long-term therapy

Abstract Antiretroviral therapies (ART) durably suppress HIV replication to undetectable levels – however, infection persists in the form of long-lived reservoirs of infected cells with integrated proviruses, that re-seed systemic replication if ART is interrupted. A central tenet of our current understanding of this persistence is that infected cells are shielded from immune recognition and elimination through a lack of antigen expression from proviruses. Efforts to cure HIV infection have therefore focused on reactivating latent proviruses to enable immune-mediated clearance, but these have yet to succeed in driving reductions in viral reservoirs. Here, we revisited the question of whether HIV reservoirs are predominately immunologically silent from a new angle, by querying the dynamics of HIV-specific T-cell responses over long-term ART for evidence of ongoing recognition of HIV-infected cells. We show that T-cell responses to autologous reservoir viruses persist over years, and that the maintenance of HIV-Nef-specific responses was uniquely associated with residual frequencies of infected cells. These responses disproportionately exhibited a cytotoxic, effector functional profile, indicative of recent in vivo recognition of HIV-infected cells. These results indicate substantial visibility of the HIV reservoir to T-cells on stable ART, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the development of therapeutic approaches to curing HIV infection.
Small Alarmone Synthetase SasA Expression Leads to Concomitant Accumulation of pGpp, ppApp, and AppppA in Bacillus subtilis.

(p)ppGpp is a highly conserved bacterial alarmone which regulates many aspects of cellular physiology and metabolism. In Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis, cellular (p)ppGpp level is determined by the bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase RelA and two small alarmone synthetases (SASs) YjbM (SasB) and YwaC (SasA). However, it is less clear whether these enzymes are also involved in regulation of alarmones outside of (p)ppGpp. Here we developed an improved LC/MS-based method to detect a broad spectrum of metabolites and alarmones from bacterial cultures with high efficiency. By characterizing the metabolomic signatures of SasA expressing B. subtilis, we identified strong accumulation of the (p)ppGpp analog pGpp, as well as accumulation of ppApp and AppppA. The induced accumulation of these alarmones is abolished in the catalytically dead sasA mutant, suggesting that it is a consequence of SasA synthetase activity. In addition, we also identified depletion of specific purine nucleotides and their precursors including IMP precursors FGAR, SAICAR and AICAR (ZMP), as well as GTP and GDP. Furthermore, we also revealed depletion of multiple pyrimidine precursors such as orotate and orotidine 5'-phosphate. Taken together, our work shows that induction of a single (p)ppGpp synthetase can cause concomitant accumulation and potential regulatory interplay of multiple alarmones.
School Staff’s Perspectives on the Adoption of Elementary-School Physical Activity Approaches: A Qualitative Study

Background: There is a need to understand how schools adopt physical activity approaches (curricula, programs and practices), but few studies report on this process. Purpose: To obtain elementary s...
Cartilage articulation exacerbates chondrocyte damage and death after impact injury

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is typically initiated by momentary supraphysiologic shear and compressive forces delivered to articular cartilage during acute joint injury and develops through subsequent degradation of cartilage matrix components and tissue remodeling. PTOA affects 12% of the population who experience osteoarthritis and is attributed to over $3 billion dollars annually in healthcare costs. It is currently unknown whether articulation of the joint post-injury helps tissue healing or exacerbates cellular dysfunction and eventual death. We hypothesize that post-injury cartilage articulation will lead to increased cartilage damage. Our objective was to test this hypothesis by mimicking the mechanical environment of the joint during and post-injury and determining if subsequent joint articulation exacerbates damage produced by initial injury. We use a model of PTOA that combines impact injury and repetitive sliding with confocal microscopy to quantify and track chondrocyte viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization in a depth-dependent manner. Cartilage explants were harvested from neonatal bovine knee joints and subjected to either rapid impact injury (17.34 ± 0.99 MPa, 21.6 ± 2.45 GPa/s), sliding (60 min at 1 mm/s, under 15% axial compression), or rapid impact injury followed by sliding. Explants were then bisected and fluorescently stained for cell viability, caspase activity (apoptosis), and mitochondria polarization. Results show that compared to either impact or sliding alone, explants that were both impacted and slid experienced higher magnitudes of damage spanning greater tissue depths. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Optimizing Return to Play for Common and Controversial Foot and Ankle Sports Injuries.

» Surgical decision-making should consider factors to help optimize return to play for athletes with foot and ankle injuries, including injuries to the syndesmosis, the Achilles tendon, the fifth metatarsal, and the Lisfranc complex. Understanding influential factors on return to play may help orthopaedic surgeons counsel athletes and coaches on expectations for a timeline to return to play and performance metrics. » Outcomes after rigid and flexible fixation for syndesmotic injuries are generally favorable. Some data support an earlier return to sport and higher functional scores with flexible fixation, in addition to lower rates of reoperation and a decreased incidence of malreduction, particularly with deltoid repair, if indicated. » Minimally invasive techniques for Achilles tendon repair have been shown to have a decreased risk of wound complications. Athletes undergoing Achilles repair should expect to miss a full season of play to recover. » Athletes with fifth metatarsal fractures have better return-to-play outcomes with surgical management and can expect a high return-to-play rate within approximately 3 months of surgery. » Percutaneous treatment of Lisfranc injuries may expedite return to play relative to open procedures.
Cannabis use and posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity: Epidemiology, biology and the potential for novel treatment approaches

Cannabis use is increasing among some demographics in the United States and is tightly linked to anxiety, trauma, and stress reactivity at the epidemiological and biological level. Stress-coping motives are highly cited reasons for cannabis use. However, with increased cannabis use comes the increased susceptibility for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Indeed, CUD is highly comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Importantly, endogenous cannabinoid signaling systems play a key role in the regulation of stress reactivity and anxiety regulation, and preclinical data suggest deficiencies in this signaling system could contribute to the development of stress-related psychopathology. Furthermore, endocannabinoid deficiency states, either pre-existing or induced by trauma exposure, could provide explanatory insights into the high rates of comorbid cannabis use in patients with PTSD. Here we review clinical and preclinical literature related to the cannabis use-PTSD comorbidity, the role of endocannabinoids in the regulation of stress reactivity, and potential therapeutic implications of recent work in this area.
Contextual factors and the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U.S. counties in its initial phase

Abstract Background This study examines the association of contextual factors with the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U S counties in its initial phase Methods Contextual factors are simultaneously tested at the county- and state-level with a multilevel linear model using full maximum likelihood Results The variation between states is substantial and significant (ICC = 0 532, u0 = 8 20E?04, P?<? 001) At the state level, the cultural value of collectivism and the contextual factor of government spending are positively associated with the outbreak rate At the county level, the racial and ethnic composition contributes to outbreak differences, disproportionally affecting black/African, native, Asian, and Hispanic Americans as well as native Hawaiians Counties with a higher median age and a higher household income have a stronger outbreak Better education and personal health are generally associated with a lower outbreak Obesity and smoking are negatively related to the outbreak, in agreement with the value expectancy concepts of the health belief model Air pollution is another significant contributor to the outbreak Conclusions Because of a high variation in contextual factors, policy makers need to target pandemic responses to the smallest subdivision possible, so that countermeasures can be implemented effectively
LILRB4 suppresses immunity in solid tumors and is a potential target for immunotherapy

Immune receptors expressed on TAMs are intriguing targets for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we found inhibitory receptor LILRB4 on a variety of intratumoral immune cell types in murine tumor models and human cancers, most prominently on TAMs. LILRB4, known as gp49B in mice, is a LILRB family receptor. Human and murine LILRB4 have two extracellular domains but differ in the number of intracellular ITIMs (three versus two). We observed a high correlation in LILRB4 expression with other immune inhibitory receptors. After tumor challenge, LILRB4-/- mice and mice treated with anti-LILRB4 antibody showed reduced tumor burden and increased survival. LILRB4-/- genotype or LILRB4 blockade increased tumor immune infiltrates and the effector (Teff) to regulatory (Treg) T cell ratio and modulated phenotypes of TAMs toward less suppressive, CD4+ T cells to Th1 effector, and CD8+ T cells to less exhausted. These findings reveal that LILRB4 strongly suppresses tumor immunity in TME and that alleviating that suppression provides antitumor efficacy.
Advantages of Colour-Coded Dual-Energy CT Venography in Emergency Neuroimaging

The objective of this Pictorial Review is to describe the use of colour-coded Dual-Energy CT (DECT) to aid in the interpretation of CT Venography (CTV) of the head for emergent indications. We describe a DE CTV acquisition and post-processing technique that can be readily incorporated into clinical workflow. Colour-coded DE CTV may aid the identification and characterization of dural venous sinus abnormalities and other cerebrovascular pathologies, which can improve diagnostic confidence in emergent imaging settings.
Effects of High Temperature Pulsed Helium Implantation on Tungsten Surface Morphology

The durability and lifetime of thin tungsten or refractory metal coatings on the first walls of inertial and magnetic confinement fusion reactors is a key issue for the feasibility of such devices. Past studies at UW-Madison have indicated that tungsten, when subjected to He + fluences in excess of 4x10 17 He + /cm 2 , shows extensive pore formation at 800 °C. 1,2 The current study attempts to produce more realistic results by simultaneously irradiating tungsten samples with helium and hydrogen species and by investigating the effects of pulsed helium ion irradiation on tungsten.
Systematic assembly and genetic manipulation of the mouse hepatitis virus A59 genome

We have developed a DNA assembly platform that utilizes the nonspecific, highly variable sequence signatures of type IIs restriction enzymes to assemble a full-length molecular clone of murine hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) strain A59. The approach also allows changes to be engineered into a DNA fragment by designing primers that incorporate the restriction site and the mutations of interest. By adding the type IIs restriction site in the proper orientation, subsequent digestion removes the restriction site and leaves a sticky end comprising the mutation of interest ready to ligate to a second fragment generated in parallel as its complement. In this chapter, we discuss the details of the method to assemble a full-length infectious clone of MHV and then engineer a specific mutation into the clone to demonstrate the power of this unique site-directed "No See'm" mutagenesis approach.
Exploiting a Web of Semantic Data for Interpreting Tables

Much of the world’s knowledge is contained in structured documents like spreadsheets, database relations and tables in documents found on the Web and in print. The information in these tables might be much more valuable if it could be appropriately exported or encoded in RDF, making it easier to share, understand and integrate with other information. This is especially true if it could be linked into the growing linked data cloud. We describe techniques to automatically infer a (partial) semantic model for information in tables using both table headings, if available, and the values stored in table cells and to export the data the table represents as linked data. The techniques have been prototyped for a subset of linked data that covers the core of Wikipedia.
Isospin impurity in the 16O1 ground state

Abstract We calculate the isospin impurity of the 16 O ground state induced by the direct Coulomb interaction using both Skyrme forces and a relativistic mean-field model. The effects of the Coulomb exchange interaction, the neutron-proton mass difference, and the Coulomb spin-orbit coupling are also considered for the Skyrme forces. We find an isospin impurity which is consistent with previous calculations but is 10–20 times larger than that inferred from experiment.
Delivering Dependability: A Moving Target

Are we thinking broadly enough about dependable systems? Just what are the most influential factors that contribute to dependability? Is it the manufacturing process? Is it circuit design? Or software design? Or network capacity? Or perhaps implementation? The answer could be none of these and most certainly it's changed dramatically from even five years ago. Technology and best practices around its use have evolved to the point where dependable systems are gated by factors that go far beyond one's normal purview. Today, political, cultural and societal issues may well have an equal if not greater impact. We must challenge ourselves to consider all the dimensions of today's world and think about non-obvious relationships. This keynote will challenge the audience to think outside the box and consider the realities of today's world and its impact on dependable systems.
Neuropsychology of Child Maltreatment and Implications for School Psychologists.

Child maltreatment has the potential to alter a child's neurodevelopmental trajectory and substantially increase the risk of later psychiatric disorders, as well as to deleteriously impact neurocognitive functioning throughout the lifespan. Child maltreatment has been linked to multiple domains of neurocognitive impairment, including language, visual–spatial functioning, intelligence, executive functioning, and motor skills. Research is increasingly indicating that alterations in neurobiological functioning occur as a result of childhood maltreatment, which in turn may produce an epigenetic and transgenerational effect. School psychologists should be aware of these factors when working with maltreated children to better understand their current functioning and assessment results, and to educate family members, school personnel, and the community about the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment, as well as to work toward prevention.
An Interview with Kimmo Lipponen, Director of Corporate Marketing, Nokia

Kimmo Lipponen is the Director of Corporate Marketing for Nokia, where he is responsible for global Corporate Sponsorships and Corporate Citizenship programs. Here he talks to Christine Green of the University of Texas about sponsorship, corporate citizenship strategies, and the linkages among them.
The Effects of Acid Rain, Alone and in Combination with Gaseous Pollutants, on Growth and Yield of Crop Plants

Greenhouse, growth chamber, and field experiments were conducted to determine the response of crop plants to levels of acidity in simulated rain. The major objectives of this research effort were: (1) to determine the levels of acidity in rain that alter crop productivity, (2) to evaluate varietal differences in crop response, and (3) to determine the response of crop plants to the combined stress of acid rain and gaseous pollutants [primarily ozone (O3)]. In the greenhouse, plants were exposed to either four or six levels of acidity twice per week with a rain simulator. In the growth chamber experiments, gaseous pollutant fumigations were conducted either once or three times weekly with a continuously stirred tank reactor exposure system. In the field, open-top field chambers were used in conjunction with an automatic rain exclusion-simulant distribution system to expose crops to controlled levels of gaseous pollutants and rain acidity. In an experiment with tomato cultivars, pH 2.3 rain applied to both foliage and soil reduced growth, while the same solution applied to the soil without foliar contact increased growth. The growth response of radish and alfalfa plants to the combined stress of acid rain and ozone was additive. The visible injury response of younger radish leaves to combinations that included pH 3.3 rain and 0.2 and 0.4 ppm of O3 was less than additive. In field studies, Davis soybeans snowed no significant growth or yield responses to ambient O3 levels, or simulated rain at pH 5.2, 4.2 or 3.2. There was a small (−3%) rain treatment (pH) effect on weight per seed in the pH 4.2 simulated rain and the ambient rain treatments (also ~pH 4.2).
Centenary Perspectives on Austin Farrer: A Review Article

Austin Farrer (1904–1968) is a genuine conundrum. On one hand, he is commonly hailed as one of the most brilliant and original British thinkers of the previous century. On the other hand, his work is almost entirely neglected by contemporary scholars and students. However, his centenary year of 2004 saw a renewed interest in exploring and appropriating various aspects of his rich intellectual legacy. This review article surveys these centenary perspectives on Austin Farrer with a focus on their philosophical significance, in particular for the philosophy of religion and philosophical theology.
Reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee: anatomic, isometric, and tensioning considerations

Isolated injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are only now being recognized for their severity and their potential repercussions upon function of the knee. As more long term follow up studies of patients with untreated isolated PCL injuries are reported, the sequelae of this injury are being described. The previously held belief that isolated PCL injuries are relatively innocuous and require only conservative treatment is now being questioned. The posterior cruciate ligament is a complex anatomical structure that does not appear to demonstrate the isometric characteristics of its counterpart in the knee, the anterior cruciate ligament. Rather, it consists predominately of a nonisometric anterior bundle that resists posterior displacement of the tibia throughout the majority of knee range of motion. Changes in fiber-bundle length during knee motion appear to be most affected by changes in the femoral attachment site of the PCL graft. When reconstruction of the PCL is being considered, the anterior femoral location should be selected, the graft should be tensioned at ninety degrees of knee flexion, and a anterior tibial force should be applied prior to final graft fixation.
ABDOMINAL MASSES IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

Information concerning 32 infants with abdominal masses noted during the first day of life is presented. The most common mass was a hypoplastic, multicystic kidney which was the final diagnosis in 13 of 32 cases. The mass proved to be a malignant tumor in four instances (an incidence of 13%). Preoperative intravenous urogram should be made in every instance, even the obvious hydrometrocolpos may present a marked secondary hydronephrosis. In the other cases, one can rarely be certain that the mass is not of renal origin. Of the 30 infants undergoing surgery, there were three deaths, either from the surgery or in the immediate postoperative period—a mortality rate of 10%. The presence of an abdominal mass in the newborn infant, the same as for older patients, constitutes an indication for early surgical intervention. Delay on the basis that the baby is too small or too young cannot be justified.
Helioseismically Determined Near-Surface Flows Underlying a Quiescent Filament

The extended filaments seen in Hα images of the solar disk, and the corresponding prominences when viewed at the solar limb, are one of the great hallmarks of solar magnetism. Such arches of magnetic field and the coronal plasma structures they support are both beautiful and enigmatic. Many models of filament formation and maintenance invoke the existence of surface plasma flows, which are used to drive the magnetic reconnection needed to form twisted loops of flux held down by a coronal arcade. These flows are typically composed of a converging flow, which brings flux elements of opposite polarity together, combined with a tangential shear that stresses the coronal arcade. In this paper we present helioseismic measurements of near-surface flows underlying a single quiescent filament lying within a decayed active region. Newly devised high-resolution ring analyses (HRRA) with both 2° and 4° spatial resolution were applied to Doppler imaging data provided by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on the SOHO spacecraft. A long-lived filament appearing in 2002 May and April was studied. We find that the filament channel is a region of vigorous subphotospheric convection. The largest observed scales of such convection span the region of weak magnetic field separating the active region's two polarities. Thus, the magnetic neutral line that forms the spine of the filament channel tends to lie along the centers of large convection cells. In temporal and spatial averages of the flow field, we do not find a systematic converging flow. However, we do detect a significant shearing flow parallel to the neutral line. This shear takes the form of two oppositely directed jets, one to either side of the neutral line and within 20 Mm of the line. The jets produce a net shear in the flow speed of 30 m s-1 occurring over a distance of 20 Mm.
An approximation of the distribution function of the LIML identifiability test statistic using the method of moments

This paper contains an application of the asymptotic expansion of a pFp() function to a problem encountered in econometrics. In particular we consider an approximation of the distribution function of the limited information maximum likelihood (LIML) identifiability test statistic using the method of moments. An expression for the Sth order asymptotic approximation of the moments of the LIML identifiability test statistic is derived and tabulated. The exact distribution function of the test statistic is approximated by a member of the class of F (variance ratio) distribution functions having the same first two integer moments. Some tabulations of the approximating distribution function are included.
Complications of Malpositioned Jones Tubes

A Jones tube is an effective lacrimal drainage bypass device often associated with postoperative problems. Unsuspected migration of the tube may cause signs and symptoms that are not immediately identified with the prosthesis. Malposition of Jones tubes in three patients resulted in the following complications. The first patient had persistent episcleritis and atypical facial pain and numbness caused by migration of the tube against the globe and into the nasal septum. Bilateral tubes in the second patient were improperly oriented, causing severe scleral erosion and ulceration. The third patient's bilateral tubes migrated through the conjunctiva into the subcutaneous tissues and were manifested as lower eyelid inflammatory masses. Placement of a Jones tube requires long-term maintenance by the physician and the patient.
Exploring Taiwanese nursing homes as product ecologies for assistive robots

Nursing homes and long-term care institutions often need technological assistance because of the high ratio of low-functioning residents coupled with a shortage of caregivers. To explore the potential uses of emerging robotic technologies in nursing homes, we apply Forlizzi's concept of the product ecology and a user-centered design approach involving field observations and focus groups to understand what kind of robot design would be suitable for the nursing home context. Our results show that instead of robots replacing human labor, nursing home staff prefer robot assistants who fit into their work process. We also learned the most appropriate functions for robots in nursing homes were helping with minor tasks and encouraging social interaction among residents. Our study was performed in two nursing homes in Taiwan.
Abnormal in vitro thymocyte differentiation in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency-Nezelof's syndrome.

Anin vitro coculture model system of CD34+ stem cells and allogenic cultured thymic epithelia fragments was used to evaluate thymocyte differentiation in a 9-month-old child of Amish descent with Nezelof syndrome. Though the patient's stem cells differentiate to acquire normal expression of CD2 and CD7, later steps of maturation were abnormal. There was detectable but reduced expression of CD3 and CD4 phenotypes. CD44+ expression, however, was markedly reduced. CD44 is an adhesion molecule, interacting with the matrix ligands hyaluronan and fibronectin, and is expressed early in thymocyte differentiation and subsequently in mature T cells. It is hypothesized that abnormal expression of CD44 in a variant of severe combined immunodeficiency, Nezelof's syndrome, interferes with normal thymocyte and thymic epithelial interaction, which leads to abnormal thymocyte differentiation.
The Bs20x22 anti-CD20-CD22 bispecific antibody has more lymphomacidal activity than do the parent antibodies alone

Previous studies have shown that bispecific antibodies that target both CD20 and CD22 have in vivo lymphomacidal properties. We developed a CD20-CD22 bispecific antibody (Bs20x22) from anti-CD20 and the anti-CD22 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), rituximab and HB22.7, respectively. Bs20x22 was constructed using standard methods and was shown to specifically bind CD20 and CD22. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that Bs20x22 was three times more effective than either parent mAb alone and twice as effective as a combination of both parent mAb used at equimolar concentrations. Bs20x22 was also nearly four times more effective at inducing apoptosis than either mAb alone. Examination of the MAPK and SAPK signaling cascades revealed that Bs20x22 induced significantly more p38 phosphorylation than either mAb alone. In an in vivo human NHL xenograft model, treatment with Bs20x22 resulted in significantly greater tumor shrinkage and improved overall survival when compared to either mAb alone or treatment with a combination of HB22.7 and rituximab. The effect of the initial tumor volume was assessed by comparing the efficacy of Bs20x22 administered before xenografts grew versus treatment of established tumors; significantly, greater efficacy was found when treatment was initiated before tumors could become established.
Clinical practice in nursing homes as a key for progress.

With the aging of the world’s population there has become a major need for the development of nursing homes throughout the world. While some countries provide high quality care for the disabled elderly, in others this is not the case. Education of a medical director has been shown to improve the quality of the nursing home. Physicians need to have knowledge of how to implement continuous quality improvement and culture change. Key medical issues include moving to a restraint free environment, subsyndromal delirium, behavioral disturbances, weight loss, pain management, pressure ulcers, falls, hip fractures, polypharmacy, depression and frailty.
Stage Transition Duration in Patients Poststroke

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prolonged stage transition duration (STD) and aspiration. STDs and aspiration ratings were made from videofluoroscopic examinations previously obtained for other studies. Three groups of subjects were examined: (1) 20 stroke patients who aspirated, (2) 31 stroke patients who did not aspirate, and (3) 15 normal subjects. Aspirators poststroke had the longest STD of the three groups. Furthermore, results indicated that STD correctly predicted the presence of aspiration 75% of the time and correctly predicted the absence of aspiration in stroke patients 93% of the time. Nonaspirating stroke participants had similar patterns to the normal subjects. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Preparation and characterization of graphene paper for electromagnetic interference shielding

Abstract Syntheses of multifunctional structures, both in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space, are essential for advanced graphene applications. A variety of graphene-based materials has been reported in recent years, but combining their excellent mechanical and electrical properties in a bulk form has not been entirely achieved. Here, we report the creation of novel graphene structures such as graphene pellet and graphene paper. Graphene pellet is synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), using inexpensive nickel powder as a catalyst. Graphene pellet can be further processed into a graphene paper by pressing. The latter possesses high electrical conductivity of up to 1136 ± 32 S cm−1 and exhibits a breaking stress at 22 ± 1.4 MPa. Further, this paper-like material with thickness of 50 μm revealed 60 dB electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness.
Dynamics of growth and biomass partitioning in field-grown bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), treated with the antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU)

Abstract The anti-ozonant ethylenediurea (EDU) approach was used to assess the effects of ambient ozone (O3) air pollution on development, growth and biomass partitioning in bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar ‘BBL 290’) during five staggered plantings in 1989 and 1990. The (EDU) was applied as a soil drench twice during plant development: after unfolding of primary leaves and at early flowering. The concentration of EDU used (100 mg l−1) was considerably lower than in earlier studies, but had proven to protect bean plants from O3 injury without altering growth in previous greenhouse studies. Plants were harvested in 5 day intervals from emergence through maturity. Ambient O3 was low during the five plantings (24 h mean: 28–33 nl l−1; 7 h mean: 45–49 nl−1 O3), but number of hours and cumulative exposure > 90 nl l−1 O3 during the fifth planting was considerably higher compared with the other growth intervals. Total plant weight of EDU-treated plants fell below that of untreated plants after the second application of EDU during most of the plantings. During the fifth planting, however, total dry weight of EDU-treated plants was equal to that of untreated ones. Pod dry weight exhibited a similar pattern, and relative pod weight was reduced by EDU during late pod development in two plantings. Patterns of biomass allocation to other plant organs (foliage, stem, root) were not altered by the EDU treatments. The reduction in pod weight of EDU-treated plants was not due to a reduced number of flowers or young pods, which was actually slightly increased by the EDU treatments, but was caused by an increased rate of pod abscission during maturity. It is concluded that the second EDU soil drench was timed too early to provide protection throughout pod development and maturation. Increases in flower and bud duration and a delay in primary leaf abscission demonstrated the action of EDU in delaying maturation and senescence. From these results it is suggested that repeated soil drenches of EDU may cause reductions in the total plant weight and pod weight of a O3-sensitive bean cultivar if the exposure to ambient O3 is low. Conclusions for the further use of EDU are discussed.
Moduli of PT-semistable objects I

Abstract We show boundedness for PT-semistable objects of any Chern classes on a smooth projective three-fold X. Then we show that the stack of objects in the heart 〈 Coh ⩽ 1 ( X ) , Coh ⩾ 2 ( X ) [ 1 ] 〉 satisfies a version of the valuative criterion for completeness. In the remainder of the paper, we give a series of results on how to compute cohomology with respect to this heart.
Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon Microdisplays with Novel Frame Buffer Pixels

Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCOS) microdisplay combines high birefringence and low operating voltage liquid crystalline (LC) materials with crystalline silicon VLSI technology that provides a flexible technology to control and hold the state of the LC in a high resolution, small sized display [1]. The crystalline silicon VLSI technology is well recognized as a competitive alternative for active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) [2]. Due to the low cost and compact system size achievable for display systems using LCOS technology, these devices have been integrated into camera view finders, head mount displays (HMD) [3], head-up-displays [4], and projection display systems such as front projector and rear projector for high definition televisions and computer monitors. The image quality of AMLCD is however limited by the electronic data write time since data is addressed by line-at-a-time, the display should not be viewed during the data write time to maintain good image contrast ratio. The loss of brightness due to the data write time is very detrimental for a single panel light engine with Field Sequential Color technique, where new image is updated at the frame rate of 180 Hz. The time to write the data (up to 1-2 milliseconds) becomes a significant fraction of the sub-frame time (5.5 milliseconds). Hence there is a serious brightness and contrast ratio tradeoff.
Oxygen binding domains of a clam (Cardita Borealis) extracellular hemoglobin

Abstract The extracellular hemoglobin of the heterodont clam, Cardita borealis , is an unusual heme protein. The structure of the pigment as it occurs in the clam consists of a long rod-shaped polymer with widths of 210–365 A and lengths of 365–1200 A. Chromatography on Sepharose 4 B at neutral pH in the presence of divalent cations suggests that the pigment has an apparent molecular weight of 12 · 10 6 and is heterogeneous. The subunit of Cardita hemoglobin has a molecular weight of 300 000 daltons in striking contrast to the 15–17 000 dalton subunits of most hemoglobins. However, Cardita hemoglobin, like other hemoglobins, contains one heme per 17–20 000 g protein. Cardita hemoglobin can be dissociated to a heme-containing submultiple in low ionic strength buffer (pH 9.5). Gentle proteolysis of the pigment under these conditions with subtilisin cleaves the protein into heme-containing fragments (domains) with molecular weights of 15–17 000 and integral multiples thereof. These domains, isolated by gel chromatography, have one heme per approximately 17 000 g protein and bind oxygen reversibly. The amino acid compositions of the isolated domain fractions are very similar to one another and to the intact pigment. The oxygen binding properties of the intact pigment show neither a Bohr effect nor cooperativity between pH 7.0 and 8.0. Oxygen binding properties of the 15–17 000 dalton domains are essentially the same as those of the intact pigment. These observations support the hypothesis that the subunits of Cardita hemoglobin consist of a series of covalently linked oxygen binding domains. It appears that the unique 12 · 10 6 dalton quaternary structure of this pigment as well as its peculia 300 000 dalton subunit does not confer any functional properties on this protein that are not present in its smallest oxygen binding domain.
Simulation analysis of an international buffer stock for Jute

This paper deals with the problems and prospects of organising an international buffer stock for raw jute. Such a study is important for several reasons: (1) Instability of this commodity has had a severe impact on one of the least developed economies, Bangladesh; (2) With exports concentrated in a single country prospects for organising a buffer stock would seem to be good; and (3) Only limited econometric analysis of the jute market and its stabilisation prospects have appeared to date. Dealt with here are the nature of the jute market, prospects for organising a jute buffer stock, and the economic and financial implications of alternative buffer stock policies. The results confirm the suitability of this market for buffer stock stabilisation.
A new understanding of the BCS Hamiltonian

Abstract It is shown that the BCS Hamiltonian can easily and directly be derived from the second quantization formalism with the condition of k + k′ = 0. It is also indicated that a fermion Hamiltonian may be understood in either the particle-particle or the particle-hole channel. The former is the well-known BCS point based on the idea of Cooper's pairing. The latter is an idea based on Landau's concept of quasi-particle-hole excitations. It is argued that interaction in the BCS Hamiltonian is naturally attractive in the framework of the Coulomb field between an electron and a hole in k-space. However, the interaction in the particle-particle channel is still repulsive. This interpretation is particularly for fermions only based on the Pauli exclusion principle.
Innovation in higher education: Implications for the future

This chapter, drawing from the previous chapters, synthesizes potential directions and implications of future innovation in higher education. The focus is on innovation to address critical issues that administrators face today: the adaptability, maturity, cost structure, and efficiency of the institution.
Measurements and calculations of M-shell X-ray production in Er, Yb and Lu by 0.75–6 MeV He ions

Abstract M-shell X-ray production cross sections for the light rare-earth elements of 68Er, 70Yb and 71Lu have been measured for incident 4He+ ions in the energy range from 0.75 to 6 MeV. The measured X-ray production cross sections are compared to the predictions of the First Born approximation, the ECPSSR theory and the ECUSAR theory. A comparison of the ytterbium M-shell X-ray production cross sections with these theories is made for two different sets of fluorescence yields and Coster–Kronig factors that are further modified for multiple ionization.
Graph minors. XIII: the disjoint paths problem

Abstract We describe an algorithm, which for fixed k ≥ 0 has running time O (| V(G) | 3 ), to solve the following problem: given a graph G and k pairs of vertices of G , decide if there are k mutually vertex-disjoint paths of G joining the pairs.
PARAMETERS AND ABUNDANCES IN LUMINOUS STARS

Parameters and abundances for 451 stars of spectral types F, G, and K of luminosity classes I and II have been derived. Absolute magnitudes and E(B – V) have been derived for the warmer stars in order to investigate the galactic abundance gradient. The value found here: d[Fe/H]/dR ~ –0.06 dex kpc–1, agrees well with previous determinations. Stellar evolution indicators have also been investigated with the derived C/O ratios indicating that standard CN processing has been operating. Perhaps the most surprising result found in these supposedly relatively young intermediate-mass stars is that both [O/Fe] and [C/Fe] show a correlation with [Fe/H] much the same as found in older populations. While the stars were selected based on luminosity class, there does exist a significant [Fe/H] range in the sample. The likely explanation of this is that there is a significant range in age in the sample; that is, some of the sample are low-mass red-giant stars with types that place them within the selection criteria.