cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Molecular Sieve Phosphates

The chemistry of phosphate complexation in inorganic systems is important in agriculture and soil science and more recently in remediation technology because of the low solubility product of many of the metal phosphate salts. A large number of inorganic phosphate phases have been identified [1, 2]. In the area of catalysis the aluminophosphates have been investigated both as catalysts and catalyst supports due to their surface acidity and thermal stability. Researchers searching for zeolite-like materials in the late 1970s turned to the phosphates in their quest for new compositions with potentially novel structures. The phosphate-based molecular sieves proved to be an area rich with new compositions having topologies and building units not previously imagined [3, 4]. This chapter will cover the synthetic advances in the area of new microporous molecular sieves with an update of developments in the aluminophosphate systems.
Challenging the future: Clinical laboratory automation: A paradigm shift

Compared to other industries, implementation of automation in the health-care arena has been delayed. Changes in reimbursement methods are forcing hospitals and other health-care providers to provide more cost-effective services. Clinical laboratory services are essential to the support of newer medical technologies and therapies such as organ transplantation and chemotherapy. The current paradigm for clinical laboratory operations is based on a mix of batch and random access testing and is dependent on personnel. In this article, a new paradigm based on a factory automation model is described. Mechanisms to support the paradigm shift--including a proposal for the creation of a consortium to jointly fund a development operation--are also explored. A clinical laboratory platform prototype currently under development at the University of Nebraska Medical Center is also described.
The motor repertoire of older adult fallers may constrain their response to balance perturbations

This is the first study to demonstrate a reduced motor repertoire during walking in older adults with a history of falls but without any overt neurological deficits. Furthermore, using virtual real...
Treatment resistant schizophrenia: Clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives.

Abstract Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) refers to the significant proportion of schizophrenia patients who continue to have symptoms and poor outcomes despite treatment. While many definitions of TRS include failure of two different antipsychotics as a minimum criterion, the wide variability in inclusion criteria has challenged the consistency and reproducibility of results from studies of TRS. We begin by reviewing the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurobiological characteristics of TRS. We further review the current treatment strategies available, addressing clozapine, the first-line pharmacological agent for TRS, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological augmentation of clozapine including medication combinations, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and psychotherapies. We conclude by highlighting the most recent consensus for defining TRS proposed by the Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis Working Group, and provide our overview of future perspectives and directions that could help advance the field of TRS research, including the concept of TRS as a potential subtype of schizophrenia.
Small Sets of Novel Words Are Fully Retained After 1-Week in Typically Developing Children and Down Syndrome: A Fast Mapping Study.

Objectives Down syndrome (DS) is a population with known hippocampal impairment, with studies showing that individuals with DS display difficulties in spatial navigation and remembering arbitrary bindings. Recent research has also demonstrated the importance of the hippocampus for novel word-learning. Based on these data, we aimed to determine whether individuals with DS show deficits in learning new labels and if they may benefit from encoding conditions thought to be less reliant on hippocampal function (i.e., through fast mapping). Methods In the current study, we examined immediate, 5-min, and 1-week delayed word-learning across two learning conditions (e.g., explicit encoding vs. fast mapping). These conditions were examined across groups (twenty-six 3- to 5-year-old typically developing children and twenty-six 11- to 28-year-old individuals with DS with comparable verbal and nonverbal scores on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test - second edition) and in reference to sleep quality. Results Both individuals with and without DS showed retention after a 1-week delay, and the current study found no benefit of the fast mapping condition in either group contrary to our expectations. Eye tracking data showed that preferential eye movements to target words were not present immediately but emerged after 1-week in both groups. Furthermore, sleep measures collected via actigraphy did not relate to retention in either group. Conclusions This study presents novel data on long-term knowledge retention in reference to sleep patterns in DS and adds to a body of knowledge helping us to understand the processes of word-learning in typical and atypically developing populations. (JINS, 2018, 24, 955-965).
Occupational injury surveillance pyramid description and association of medical care utilization with low income among work-related injuries.

BACKGROUND A more comprehensive characterization of total work-related injury burden would ideally include all levels of medical care. Additionally, studies have suggested differential utilization of medical care among various socioeconomic groups, and it is unclear how this translates to work-related injuries. METHODS The 2004-2016 National Health Interview Survey data were used to estimate all levels of care utilized by the individual for each injury episode. A multivariable logistic regression model based on 2004-2014 data was developed to investigate the relationship of low income and level of medical care used by the injured worker. RESULTS Around 53.1% of occupational injury were exclusively treated outside of a hospital setting and never captured by hospital/emergency department data systems, which comprises 40% (3.0 million) of total missed days of work and 44% ($452 million) of total cost of lost productivity among full-time workers. Patients with work-related injuries are less likely to stay overnight in hospital compared with those with nonwork-related injuries (adjusted odds ration [aOR]: 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5-0.7), however among work-related injuries, low-income patients are more likely to use medical care in a hospital setting compared with patients with income higher than poverty threshold (hospitalization: aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.3; emergency room: aOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0). CONCLUSIONS These "minor work-related injuries" exclusively treated outside hospital tend to be ignored when defining national injury prevention priorities, but this analysis indicates that such an approach fails to capture a large portion of injuries significant enough to result in missed days of work and cost of lost productivity.
Outpatient- or community-based interventions to prevent SIDS and sleep-related deaths.

Purpose To determine the state of science of outpatient- or community-based interventions for sudden infant death syndrome prevention in the United States, an integrative review was completed and studies identified through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions Of the nine studies identified, three were randomized controlled trials. There was a wide range of measurement tools and variables measured. The timing of interventions also varied. There was a focus on mothers and African Americans. Lastly, study design and approach have not changed significantly over time. Practice implications Findings highlight recommendations for future research: expanding the target population, addressing culture in the development of the intervention or program, including additional providers, such as nurses, in the intervention or program, advancing innovation, and increasing rigor of study design.
A windowed Green function method for elastic scattering problems on a half-space

Abstract This paper presents a windowed Green function (WGF) method for the numerical solution of problems of elastic scattering by “locally-rough surfaces” (i.e., local perturbations of a half space), under either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions, and in both two and three spatial dimensions. The proposed WGF method relies on an integral-equation formulation based on the free-space Green function, together with smooth operator windowing (based on a “slow-rise” windowing function) and efficient high-order singular-integration methods. The approach avoids the evaluation of the expensive layer Green function for elastic problems on a half-space, and it yields uniformly fast convergence for all incident angles. Numerical experiments for both two and three dimensional problems are presented, demonstrating the accuracy and super-algebraically fast convergence of the proposed method as the window-size grows.
Encephalopathy and bilateral thalamic lesions in a child with MIS-C associated with COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, characterized predominantly by respiratory symptoms, has affected a small subset of children. Neurologic manifestations have been described in adults, including encephalitis/meningitis, encephalopathy, strokes, seizures, and anosmia,1,2 but there are few reports of neurologic manifestations in children with SARS-CoV-2.3
Position-related neurovascular injuries detected by intraoperative monitoring

Background: Poor patient positioning during surgeries can result in vascular and peripheral nerve injuries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the various etiologic factors related to positioning detected by intraoperative monitoring (IOM) and make recommendations for prevention of comorbidities. Materials and Methods: The data for a total of 4450 consecutively monitored patients who underwent orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with signal changes related to positioning detected by IOM were analyzed for position, modalities, timing of interventions, duration of surgery, and etiologic factors. Deficit and non-deficit groups were further compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Intraoperative evidence of impending neurologic injury was seen 1.1% times, most frequently due to malpositioning of upper extremities (57%) in prone position (55%). Shoulder tape, bootstrap, thigh/hip pads, sitting and lower extremity malpositioning were other etiologic factors. Appropriate intervention was performed within 3min 66% of the time. Four patients developed new postoperative deficits: brachial plexopathy (n = 3) and bilateral sciatic neuropathy (n = 1). The deficit group had longer duration of surgery (P = 0.031), and neurophysiological (NP) signal changes persisted for an increased time interval (P = 0.0084) when compared to the non-deficit group. Conclusion: Prolonged duration of surgery and persistence of NP signal changes can increase the risk of potential neurovascular injury. Intraoperative neurovascular injuries due to positioning can occur in various settings. Early recognition of signal changes during monitoring and immediate intervention is likely to prevent neurological deficits.
Comprehensive Psychosocial Screening in a Pediatric Diabetes Clinic.

The ISPAD recommends routine, comprehensive psychosocial screening for adolescents with diabetes. However, few clinics have implemented procedures consistent with these guidelines. This study describes the results of a universal, comprehensive psychosocial screening program in an integrated pediatric diabetes clinic located within an academic medical center. Subjects: Participants included 232 ethnically diverse adolescents with type 1 diabetes (55.5% female; M age = 14.85; 58.5% Hispanic; 20% Black). Adolescents completed screening measures on iPads in the waiting room before their medical visit. The proportion of adolescents screening positive on each psychosocial measure was assessed, and regression analyses evaluated how psychosocial variables accounted for variance in insulin non-adherence and glycemic control (measured by A1c). Psychosocial concerns were common and ranged from 7% of adolescents screening positive for disordered eating and suicide risk to 52% screening positive for low motivation to manage diabetes. A1c and insulin non-adherence were positively correlated with suicide risk, depressive symptoms, anxiety, disordered eating, diabetes stress, blood glucose monitoring stress, family conflict, and total number of elevations, and negatively correlated with intrinsic motivation. Insulin non-adherence, disordered eating, diabetes stress, and family conflict uniquely predicted A1c. Age, motivation, and family conflict uniquely predicted insulin non-adherence. Eighty-three percent of eligible youth completed the screener. Referrals by physicians to the team psychologist increased by 25% after the screening program was implemented. Comprehensive psychosocial screening can be effectively implemented as part of routine pediatric diabetes care and can identify adolescents in need of additional supports. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Incorporating coronary calcification by computed tomography into CHA2DS2-VASc score: impact on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Aims CHA2DS2-VASc score is widely utilized for risk stratification and guiding anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) routinely performed for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) can also identify coronary artery calcifications (CAC). We evaluated the frequency and outcomes of incorporating CAC into the CHA2DS2-VASc score in AF patients undergoing PVI. Methods and results Consecutive patients in a prospective PVI registry during 2014-18 having CCT within 1 year of PVI were studied. Reclassification of CHA2DS2-VASc score and associations between CAC as a binary variable detected on CCT with clinical characteristics, stroke as primary endpoint, death, myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were analysed. Amongst 3604 AF patients, 2238 (62.1%) had CAC detected on CCT and was associated with most traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Coronary artery calcification was independently associated with all pre-specified endpoints adjusting for clinical parameters in multivariable analysis. Adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc score, CAC was associated with stroke (hazards ratio 3.64, 95% confidence interval 1.25-10.6, P = 0.018), death (2.26, 1.29-3.98, P = 0.006), and MACE (2.08, 1.36-3.16, P = 0.001) during 2.8 ± 1.6-year follow-up. Incorporating CAC as a vascular disease parameter of CHA2DS2-VASc score, anticoagulation decision-making would be revised in 723 (20.1%) patients, including an additional 488 (13.5%) patients where anticoagulation would be now indicated. Conclusion Coronary artery calcification is prevalent in AF patients undergoing PVI and independently associated stroke, death and MACE even when adjusted for traditional CHA2DS2-VASc score. Adding CAC as vascular component to the CHA2DS2-VASc score requires further research as it potentially modified the anticoagulation management in 20% of our AF cohort.
Leap of Faith: the Economic Impact Assessment of the Pillar One and Pillar Two Blueprints

The third round of proposals for taxing the digital economy (the Pillar One and Pillar Two Blueprints) were released in mid-October 2020 together with an Economic Impact Assessment of the proposed changes. The Blueprints and Economic Impact Assessment involve several “leaps of faith into the unknown” that should caution multinational enterprise executives and government policymakers from rushing to agree to the proposals.
Galbut virus infection minimally influences Drosophila melanogaster fitness traits in a strain and sex-dependent manner

Abstract Galbut virus (family Partitiviridae) infects Drosophila melanogaster and can be transmitted vertically from infected mothers or infected fathers with near perfect efficiency. This form of super-Mendelian inheritance should drive infection to 100% prevalence, and indeed galbut virus is ubiquitous in wild D. melanogaster populations. But on average only about 60% of individual flies are infected. One possible explanation for this apparent paradox is that a subset of flies are resistant to infection. Although galbut virus infected flies seem healthy, infection may be sufficiently costly to drive selection for resistant hosts, thereby decreasing overall prevalence. To test this hypothesis, we quantified a variety of fitness-related traits in galbut virus infected flies from two lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Galbut virus infected flies had slightly decreased average lifespan and total offspring production, but these decreases were mostly not statistically significant. Galbut virus DGRP-517 flies pupated and eclosed slightly faster than their uninfected counterparts. Some galbut virus infected flies exhibited altered sensitivity to viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Galbut virus infection produced minimal changes to host mRNA levels as measured by RNA sequencing, consistent with minimal phenotypic changes. The microbiome composition of flies was not measurably perturbed by galbut virus infection. Differences in phenotype attributable to galbut virus infection varied as a function of fly sex and DGRP strain and were generally dwarfed by larger differences attributable to strain and sex. Thus, galbut virus infection does produce measurable phenotypic changes, with changes being minor, offsetting, and possibly net negative. Importance Virology has largely focused on viruses that cause unmistakable phenotypic changes. But metagenomic surveys are revealing that persistent virus infections are extremely common, even in apparently healthy organisms. The extent to which these persistent viruses impact host fitness and evolution remains largely unclear. Here we study fitness impacts of a partitivirus named galbut virus that is ubiquitous in wild D. melanogaster populations. Despite efficient biparental vertical transmission, galbut virus is present in only just over half of wild flies. We quantified various fitness-related traits in galbut virus infected and uninfected fly lines and found that infection produced small but measurable changes in host phenotype that in aggregate may reduce fly fitness. Further studies that take advantage of this virus that naturally infects a premier model organism that is easy to study in the wild will shed further light on the persistent virus-host dynamics that may actually represent most viral infections.
A Theory of Claim Resolution

We study claim resolution. A claim consists of a global fact observed by the principal and the agent and a local fact the agent alone observes. The agent resolves the claim; the principal decides whether the agent is more likely wrong or right. The principal and agent can disagree about the weight to accord each fact or the overall evidence threshold. We characterize how the equilibrium varies with the nature of disagreement. Despite lacking commitment power, we find that the principal grants the agent decision-making authority over an interval of global facts. Further, we find that the principal can better motivate an agent who excessively weights the local fact than an agent who excessively weights the global fact. The principal strictly prefers the former to the latter, even though each would make the same number of errors if granted complete autonomy. Applications to courts, administrative agencies, and committees are considered.
In silico biophysics and hemorheology of blood hyperviscosity syndrome

Abstract Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is characterized by an increase of the blood viscosity by up to seven times the normal blood viscosity, resulting in disturbances to the circulation in the vasculature system. HVS is commonly associated with an increase of large plasma proteins and abnormalities in the properties of red blood cells, such as cell interactions, cell stiffness, and increased hematocrit. Here, we perform a systematic study of the effect of each biophysical factor on the viscosity of blood by employing the dissipative particle dynamic method. Our in silico platform enables manipulation of each parameter in isolation, providing a unique scheme to quantify and accurately investigate the role of each factor in increasing the blood viscosity. To study the effect of these four factors independently, each factor was elevated more than its values for a healthy blood while the other factors remained constant, and viscosity measurement was performed for different hematocrits and flow rates. Although all four factors were found to increase the overall blood viscosity, these increases were highly dependent on the hematocrit and the flow rates imposed. The effect of cell aggregation and cell concentration on blood viscosity were predominantly observed at low shear rates, in contrast to the more magnified role of cell rigidity and plasma viscosity at high shear rates. Additionally, cell-related factors increase the whole blood viscosity at high hematocrits compared with the relative role of plasma-related factors at lower hematocrits. Our results, mapped onto the flow rates and hematocrits along the circulatory system, provide a correlation to underpinning mechanisms for HVS findings in different blood vessels.
Loneliness in Primary Care Patients: Relationships With Body Mass Index and Health Care Utilization.

Purpose Rates of loneliness and obesity have increased in recent decades. Loneliness and obesity independently have been found to be risk factors for negative physical and mental health outcomes. This study examined the rates and interrelationships of loneliness, body mass index (BMI), and health care utilization in a primary care setting. Methods A cross-sectional survey of adult patients presenting for outpatient care at 7 family medicine clinical practices in Pennsylvania was conducted. Survey questions included self-reported measures of loneliness, height/weight, number of health care visits, and potential confounders (eg, sociodemographic variables, health status). Bivariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze associations among loneliness, BMI, and health care utilization. Results In all, 464 eligible patients returned surveys for an overall response rate of 26%. Mean (standard deviation) loneliness score was 4.2 (1.7), mean BMI was 30.4 (7.6), and mean number of visits in year prior was 2.7 (3.6). On bivariate analysis, BMI was positively associated with loneliness (effect estimate: 0.50; P=0.03). On multivariable analysis, BMI was negatively associated with attending religious services and self-reported physical health and positively associated with self-reported mental health (P<0.05 for all), but not associated with loneliness. While not associated with loneliness, health care utilization was negatively associated with Hispanic ethnicity, marital status, and self-reported physical health (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions Given the detrimental effects loneliness and obesity have on health outcomes, it might be prudent for health care providers to prioritize health concerns for their patients by assessing loneliness and counseling regarding associated risks, particularly in patients with obesity.
Factorization of Platonic Polytopes into canonical spheres

Factorization into spheres is achieved for skeleta of the simplex, cube, and cross-polytope, both explicitly and using Keevash's proof of existence of designs.
The Review and Theoretical Analysis of ERM Models: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective

Nowadays, enterprise risk management (ERM) has recently become an increasingly concerned topic in academic circles. This study intends to firstly review three ERM models: the resource-based view ERM, the “spring” model and the value-based ERM framework. These three models all incorporate dynamic capability view into enterprise risk management. Then the characteristics of these models are theoretically analyzed and compared, and the joint use of the “spring” model and the value-based ERM framework is proposed. Finally, this paper points out the potential future development of ERM.
Mapping the Nuuanu and Wailau landslides in Hawaii

The development of concepts about the giant Nuuanu and Wailau landslides have been dependant on bathymetric surveys of the landslide region northeast of Oahu and Molokai. Improved technology of sonar surveying and of navigation through the years has increased the precision of these maps providing more details about the landslides. The landslides were mapped by a U.S. Navy-Scripps Institution single-beam sonar survey in 1953-54, but the resulting map was not of sufficient detail to permit recognition of the landslides. A more detailed U. S. Navy survey in 1958 utilized an improved radio navigation system and provided the bathymetric detail necessary for recognition of the landslides. The GLORIA side-scan sonar surveys during 1986 to 1991 produced an acoustic reflectance image of the seafloor of the entire Hawaiian area and these images clearly revealed the nature and size of the Nuuanu and Wailau landslides and identified an additional 66 landslides longer than 20 km in the Hawaiian region. In early 1998 Simrad multibeam high-resolution surveys utilizing GPS navigation revealed new detail in the proximal parts of the landslides. The 1998 and 1999 JAMSTEC multibeam surveys produced detailed bathymetric maps of the entire landslide area for the first time. In the Nuuanu landslide the exposed volume of the 54 blocks larger than 1 km 3 is 1400 km 3 . Refitting of the blocks back to their apparent pre-slide positions shows that they do not fit easily into the reentrants of the host volcanoes. A pre-landslide seaward-extending bulge in the host volcano flanks could accommodate this excess volume.
Large superconducting solenoid for the MINIMAG experiment

The superconducting magnet described here was to be used as part of a detector for an experiment (MINIMAG) on the electron-positron storage ring and colliding-beam facility (SPEAR II) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator in California. Although the MINIMAG experiment was canceled, the magnet development work was not. The development of superconducting magnets, such as the one described here, is vital for the advance of high-energy physics on colliding-beam machines such as DORIS in Germany, the ISR at CERN in Switzerland, and the proposed PEP machine in the United States.
With Doug: An Easter Orthodox Psychotherapeutic Framework for use in the Armed Forces

A uniquely Eastern Orthodox Christian foundation for pastoral psychotherapy is primarily existential, with psychodynamic influences and cognitive techniques. In the military, virtually every psychological and social illness is treated primarily with cognitive techniques, which do not always address the whole person of the client, nor do they address some key levels of pathology in the human person. From the Orthodox standpoint, an exclusively cognitive methodology does not address primary illnesses in thymos , including unconscious constructs, epithymia , including disordered desires, and certainly not illnesses of the nous , the “heart” or “spirit” of the person. A simplistic anthropology may require only a simple, one-sided approach to healing, but in the Eastern Orthodox and patristic view the true complexity of personhood requires a holistic approach that is efficacious in binding the personality together from the fragmentations born of illness in any one of the capacities in the self, and the focus of a therapist with such an ancient and time-tested anthropology can certainly not be limited to the intellect alone.
Autophagy and adaptive immunity

Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by promoting the transit of cytoplasmic material, such as proteins, organelles and pathogens, for degradation within acidic organelles. Yet, in immune cells, autophagy pathways serve an additional role in facilitating intracellular surveillance for pathogens and changes in self. Autophagy pathways can modulate key steps in the development of innate and adaptive immunity. In terms of adaptive immunity, autophagy regulates the development and survival of lymphocytes as well as the modulation of antigen processing and presentation. Specialized forms of autophagy may be induced by some viral pathogens, providing a novel route for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation and enhanced CD8(+) T-cell responses. Autophagy induction in target cells also increases their potential to serve as immunogens for dendritic cell cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells. The requirement for autophagy in MHC class II presentation of cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens is well established, yet recent studies also point to a critical role for autophagy in modulating CD4(+) T-cell responses to phagocytosed pathogens. Autophagy pathways can also modulate the selection and survival of some CD4(+) T cells in the thymus. However, much still remains to be learned mechanistically with respect to how autophagy and autophagy-linked genes regulate pathogen recognition and antigen presentation, as well as the development and survival of immune cells.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer imaging and staging at 1.5 and 3 Tesla: the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) approach.

Management decisions for patients with prostate cancer present a dilemma for both patients and their clinicians because prostate cancers demonstrate a wide range in biologic activity, with the majority of cases not leading to a prostate cancer related death. Furthermore, the current treatment options have significant side effects, such as incontinence, rectal injury and impotence. Key elements for guiding appropriate treatment include: distinction of organ-confined disease from extracapsular extension (ECE); and determination of tumor volume and tumor grade, none of which have been satisfactorily accomplished in today’s pre-treatment paradigm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the capability to assess prostate tissue, both functionally and morphologically. MRI as a staging tool has not shown enough consistency or sufficient accuracy for widespread adoption in clinical practice; yet, recent technical developments in MRI have yielded improved results. At our institution we have combined the use of new endorectal 3 Tesla MRI technology, T2-weighted, and high spatial resolution dynamic-contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI to non-invasively assess the prostate with higher signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution than previously achieved. This approach allows assessment of prostate-tissue morphology and kinetics, thus providing a non-invasive tool for tumor detection and staging and, consequently, directing biopsy and treatment specifically to diseased areas for a pre-treatment evaluation that can assist in the rational selection of patients for appropriate prostate cancer therapy.
Socialization in Virtual Groups

Virtual groups, that communicate and coordinate their activities using information technology, continue to become prevalent as an organizational form (Ahuja & Carley, 199 9). Research in this area, however, is still in its infancy. Specifically, extant research provides little insight into how new members are socialized into virtual groups using electronic communication. This paper examines the influence of member tenure on individual communication patterns in virtual groups. A content analysis of e-mail communication among members of the group during a 3-month period showed that in virtual groups, newcomers primarily exhibit an information seeking mode in their communication and established members exhibit an information providing mode. Interestingly, and contrary to expectations, newcomers did actively engage in discussions regarding cognitive information, perhaps helped by the comfort provided by a lean and faceless electronic communication medium. However, the limited anonymity provided by the electro...
Erythropoiesis, iron metabolism and iron supplementation during erythropoietin therapy

Recent knowledge gained regarding the relationship between erythropoietin, iron, and erythropoiesis in patients with anemia undergoing recombinant human erythropoietin therapy (EPO) has implications for clinical management of oncology patients. During EPO therapy, iron restricted erythropoiesis is evident even in the presence of storage iron and oral iron supplementation. Intravenous iron therapy in renal dialysis patients undergoing EPO therapy can produce hematological responses in patients with serum ferritin levels up to 400μgL, indicating that traditional biochemical markers of storage iron in patients with anemia of chronic disease have limitations in assessment of iron status. Newer measurements of erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices using automated counters show promise in the evaluation of iron restricted erythropoiesis. The availability of safer intravenous iron preparations allows for carefully controlled studies of their value in oncology patients undergoing EPO therapy. This chapter will provide an overview of these emerging issues, along with future directions for clinical research.
Characteristics of US-licensed foreign-educated physical therapists

Background Foreign educated physical therapists (FEPT) are often viewed as one possible solution to the current shortage of physical therapists, yet there is very little research regarding these individuals. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe those physical therapists who are licensed in the United States, but who were educated in another country. This description includes their country of education, their employment patterns and the reasons they decided to emigrate and work as a physical therapist in the United States. Design Cross-sectional survey Methods An electronic survey was sent to all physical therapists currently licensed in the United States who had been educated in another country. Those who had been licensed within the last five years are reported. Results The results of the survey indicated that the typical FEPT is a female, aged 32.2 years and who was born and trained in either the Philippines or India. A majority of FEPTs obtained their first license in New York, Michigan, Illinois, Texas or Florida. The most common reasons cited as to why a particular jurisdiction was chosen for initial employment was “Recruiter Recommendation”, “Family, Spouse, Partner or Friends”, “Ease of the Licensure Process”, and the “Ability to Secure a Visa Sponsor”. A majority of FEPTs in this study initially worked in a skilled nursing facility, long-term care or extended care facility, or in a home health setting. Limitations Only those licensed within the past five years are reported. Conclusions These findings are the first to report on FEPTs in the United States. The findings of this study will provide important and useful information to others dealing with physical therapy professional and workforce issues.
Functional response as a component of dynamic simulation models in biological control: the Catolaccus-boll weevil system

Abstract A simulation model using Time Varying Distributed Delays was created on the HERMES (Hierarchical Environment for Research Modelling of Ecological Systems) of the USDA/ARS with the purpose of evaluating different forms of functional response components in dynamic simulations of biological control systems. The specific host-parasitoid life system used in the evaluation was the boll weevil-Catolaccus grandis system. Four forms of functional response equations were tested: Type I, Type II, a Type II modified to yield constant attack probabilities under constant host: parasitoid ratios, and a temperature-dependent Type II. Simulation runs showed that the parasitoid is potentially capable of considerable suppression of the host population. Predicted host numbers under Type I and II equations did not differ markedly, because realistic host numbers per parasitoid were often found in the linear portion of the Type II equation. The probability of attack using a Type I equation was always near 100% despite arbitrarily increasing the host population to create a wide range of host: parasitoid ratios. The Type II equation resulted in fluctuating attack probabilities which steadily declined as host: parasitoid ratio exceeded 100: 1. The modified Type II equation yielded attack probabilities starting at 52% and steadily declining to about 8% when host: parasitoid ratios neared 1000:1. We introduced a realistic, but hypothetical, relationship between functional response and temperature. Simulations using actual weather data from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas suggest that there is little difference between using Types I or II equations, but that the effect of temperature on attack rates is substantial in this system. Caution should be used when incorporating data from experiments into simulation models because experimental conditions are often unrealistically optimal. We discuss the possible importance of temperature and other diurnal or environmental events on functional response and the value of relevant data in this and other simulation models of biological control.
Effect of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency on serum thyrotropin in rats immunized passively with antiserum to somatostatin.

SummaryPassive immunization or rats with antiserum to somatostatin (anti-SS) caused about a 2-fold increase in the basal serum TSH levels and a 1.5-fold rise in serum TSH after TRH, as compared to rats treated with normal sheep serum (NSS). When the basal and the TRH-stimulated TSH levels were suppressed to about half the control levels with 100 ng of T3/100 g BW, the neutralization of the endogenous somatostatin secretion with anti-SS significantly increased the basal as well as the post-TRH TSH levels. After administration of 200 ng of T3/100 g BW, the basal TSH levels in the anti-SS- and NSS-treated animals were the same, but, in response to TRH, the TSH levels rose significantly higher in the anti-SS-treated group. When higher doses of T3 (1 and 10 μg/100 g BW) were given, anti-SS failed to affect the basal or the post-TRH TSH levels. The elevated TSH levels 1 and 3 days after thyroidectomy were further increased by treatment with anti-SS as compared to NSS. The highly elevated level of TSH on the sev...
Neuroblastoma double minutes isolated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis without prior strand-cleaving treatments.

Abstract In a human neuroblastoma line, minute chromosomes were separable from the bulk of interphase nuclear DNA by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel elecyrophoresis. The minute chromosomes showed a homogeneous size of ∼3 Mbp and contained amplified N-myc genes. Fractionation was accomplished without prior strand-cleaving treatment of the DNa, indicating that at least a portion of the minute chromosomes exist as free entities in the interphase nuclei. Human alphoid satellite DNA sequences were also detected in the 3-Mbp band. It is possible that alphoid sequendes arecontained in the constricted central region that joins these double minutes.
Antecedents and Consequences of New Product Development Practices and Software Tools: An Exploratory Study

Many development practices and software tools enable new product development (NPD), yet few empirical studies shed light on the project characteristics and project contexts driving their use. Using a cross-sectional sample of NPD projects, this study examines how project characteristics and availability of information technology (IT) infrastructure relate to the use of NPD practices and software tools. We also examine how the extent of their use is associated with NPD project performance. The results indicate that different project characteristics influence the use of NPD practices and software tools, with project complexity associated with software tool use, but project uncertainty associated with NPD practice use. Also, customer facing IT infrastructure is associated with the use of NPD practices, while manufacturing plant IT infrastructure is associated with the use of design/validation software tools. Moreover, use of NPD practices has a positive association with all project-level performance metrics examined in this study, and as a result, a greater impact on overall market success. In comparison, the performance impacts of software tools appear relatively limited, with only design/validation software tools exhibiting a strong positive association with product performance quality and a weak positive association with time-to-market and responsiveness. Communication/teamwork software tools exhibit no such impact.
Circular dichroism of histone-bound regions in chromatin.

Native, NaCl-treated, trypsin-treated, and polylysine-bound nucleohistones were studied in 2.5 × 10−4M EDTA, pH 8.0, using circular dichroism (CD) and thermal denaturation. Removal of histone I by 0.6 M NaCl has a much smaller effect on both Δe220 and Δe278 than the removal of other histones. This indicates that histone I has less helical content and less conformational effect on the DNA in nucleohistone. By extrapolating to 100% binding by histones other than I, the positive CD band near 275 nm is close to zero. Comparison is also made between the effects of binding by the more basic and the less basic halves of histones by trypsin-digestion and polylysine-binding experiments. Trypsin digestion of nucleohistone reduces melting band IV at 82°C much more than melting band III at 72°C. However, the CD changes of Δe278 and Δe220 induced by trypsin digestion are small, unless melting band III is also reduced by the use of a higher trypsin level. This implies that the less basic halves of histones, which stabilize DNA to 72°C (melting band III), have more helical structure and are more responsible for conformational change in DNA than are the more basic halves, which stabilize DNA to 82°C (melting band IV). Polylysine binding to nucleohistone diminishes melting band III but has no effect on melting band IV. This binding affects only slightly the Δe220 of nucleohistone, indicating that polylysine interferes very little with the structure of the less basic halves of bound histones. The implications of these studies with respect to chromatin structure are discussed.
Stimulation triggered automatically by electrophysiological events.

A device is described for triggering peripheral or central stimulation automatically upon the appearance of certain features in the EEG, EOG or EMG. Stimulation can be triggered at the beginning or end of high amplitude wave trains, or repetitively during periods of activity higher or lower than a selected amplitude.
Poikilolaimus floridensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) associated with termites (Kalotermitidae)

A survey of termite-associated nematodes was done in southern Florida to compare the diversity of such associations with other latitudes in the Neotropics. Six species (15 colonies) of termites (Isoptera) were collected from the field and eight species (15 colonies) from laboratory populations were examined for nematode associates. All six field-collected termite species, Cryptotermes cavifrons, Incisitermes snyderi, Neotermes jouteli, N. castaneus, Prorhinotermes simplex and Reticulitermes flavipes, representing two families (Kalotermitidae and, for the latter two species, Rhinotermitidae), were associated with nematodes. Nematodes were also isolated from laboratory populations of I. snyderi and Coptotermes formosanus. In total, seven putative species of nematodes were discerned using molecular bar-coding and culturing (when successful) including four rhabditids, one diplogastrid, Rhabditis rainai and a nematode that we are describing herein as Poikilolaimus floridensis n. sp. This nematode was isolated as dauer juveniles in the foregut of N. jouteli, N. castaneus and I. snyderi. It was recovered from workers, a soldier and an alate, suggesting internal phoresy. It is characterised by six triangular cuticular flaps covering the stomatal opening, simple tube-like stomatal structure, i.e., absence of teeth and glottoid apparatus, cuticularised and refractile secretory-excretory pore, conical male tail lacking 'bursa' or spike, short and conical female tail and didelphic female reproductive system. Poikilolaimus floridensis n. sp. is morphologically characteristic and does not easily fit the current genus definition of Poikilolaimus which is redefined herein. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on near full length SSU ribosomal DNA sequence showed that the new species occupies a basal position in the genus.
The Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope: progress and plans 2010

The CCAT Project is an effort to construct a 25 meter aperture telescope above 5600 meters altitude operating down to wavelengths as short as 200 μm. CCAT has developed some new and innovative approaches to telescope and optics design, added new partners to the project, and has plans for substantially increased activities over the next two years. Begun by Cornell University and the California Institute of Technology, CCAT currently has six national and university partners. Funding has been increased and significant technical activities are underway to investigate the key enabling technologies. Areas of development include telescope optical design, mount design, application of CFRP materials to the telescope, sensing and control of primary mirror segments, and control system architecture. Schedules and budgets for the Project have been updated and an overall approach leading to first light in 2016-2017 has been developed. CCAT promises to have a significant scientific impact on submillimeter astronomy and the prospects for success has never looked better.
In situ surface characterization of SrTiO3(100) substrates and homoepitaxial SrTiO3 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy and pulsed laser deposition

The topmost atomic layer of SrTiO3 (STO) substrates was investigated by in situ low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS). After mechanochemical polishing, the topmost layer of the STO substrate consisted of SrO and TiO2 planes. It was dominantly stabilized with TiO2 planes after the STO substrate was treated with a pH-controlled NH4F–HF(BHF) solution. STO thin films were deposited on the BHF-treated STO substrates by the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) methods. STO films were confirmed to have topmost layers with TiO2 planes by the MBE method, and SrO planes by the PLD method. We also investigated the effects of the deposition conditions and surface treatments, and confirmed that the TiO2 plane was more stable on the STO homoepitaxial film surface. Furthermore, the BHF-treated STO substrates greatly improved the thickness dependence of Tc of heteroepitaxial YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) ultra-thin films.
Participatory action research on HIV/AIDS through a popular theatre approach in Tanzania

Abstract A participatory theatre approach stimulated communities to break the silence about sexual and cultural practices leading to HIV transmission, and then to openly discuss what they could do to reduce transmission. Participants were district officials, artists, village and ward leaders, youths, and entire communities. Community theatre specialists trained young community members in participatory research and theatre. These artists then researched and encouraged people in their communities to discuss and evaluate the factors contributing to HIV transmission in their communities. Discussion results were transformed into community and district level performances. This was a very successful IEC effort that identified key risk behaviours and locally developed culturally appropriate, relevant materials, delivered in a popular way. People reflected upon their situation and behaviour, and community leaders addressed harmful practices. Feedback sessions were held with co-ordinators and artists to record lessons learned and make recommendations for improving and expanding the programme.